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title="Gedränge (Rugby) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gedränge (Rugby)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrum_(rugby)" title="Scrum (rugby) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Scrum (rugby)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uztartze" title="Uztartze – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Uztartze" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_(%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%A8%DB%8C)" title="اسکرام (راگبی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسکرام (راگبی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mischia_chiusa" title="Mischia chiusa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mischia chiusa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AAl%C3%A9e" title="Mêlée – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mêlée" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrum_(rugby)" title="Scrum (rugby) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Scrum (rugby)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C4%83mad%C4%83_(rugby)" title="Grămadă (rugby) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Grămadă (rugby)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B1%D0%B8)" title="Схватка (регби) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Схватка (регби)" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Method of restarting play in rugby</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Scrummage" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Scrimmage_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Scrimmage (disambiguation)">Scrimmage (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ST_vs_Gloucester_-_Match_-_23.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/ST_vs_Gloucester_-_Match_-_23.JPG/350px-ST_vs_Gloucester_-_Match_-_23.JPG" decoding="async" width="350" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/ST_vs_Gloucester_-_Match_-_23.JPG/525px-ST_vs_Gloucester_-_Match_-_23.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/ST_vs_Gloucester_-_Match_-_23.JPG/700px-ST_vs_Gloucester_-_Match_-_23.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3970" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Luke Burgess (rightmost player in black) introduces the ball into the scrum.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>scrummage</b>, commonly known simply as a <b>scrum</b>, is a method of restarting play in <a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">rugby football</a> that involves players packing closely together with their heads down and attempting to gain possession of the ball.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Depending on whether it is in <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">rugby league</a>, the scrum is used either after an accidental infringement or when the ball has gone out of play. Scrums occur more often, and are now of greater importance, in union than in league.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting play from the <a href="/wiki/Line_of_scrimmage" title="Line of scrimmage">line of scrimmage</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gridiron_football" title="Gridiron football">gridiron football</a> is derived from the scrum. </p><p>In both forms of rugby, a scrum is formed by the players who are designated forwards binding together in three rows. The scrum then 'engages' with the opposition team so that the players' heads are interlocked with those of the other side's front row. In rugby union the initiation of the process is verbally coordinated by the referee who calls 'crouch, bind, set' as of 2013 (formerly 'crouch, touch, pause, engage', 'crouch and hold, engage' before 2007). The scrum-half from the team that did not infringe then throws the ball into the tunnel created in the space between the two sets of front rowers' legs. Both teams may then try to compete for the ball by trying to hook the ball backwards with their feet. </p><p>A key difference between the two sports is that in rugby union both sets of forwards try to push the opposition backwards while competing for the ball and thus the team that did not throw the ball into the scrum has some minimal chance of winning the possession. In practice, however, the team with the 'put-in' usually keeps possession (92% of the time with the feed) and put-ins are not straight. Forwards in rugby league do not usually push in the scrum, scrum-halves often feed the ball directly under the legs of their own front row rather than into the tunnel, and the team with the put-in usually retains possession (thereby making the <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_gameplay#40–20_kick" title="Rugby league gameplay">40/20 rule</a> workable). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rugby_union">Rugby union</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scrum_(rugby)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Rugby union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Scrum_(rugby_union)" title="Scrum (rugby union)">Scrum (rugby union)</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scrum.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Scrum.svg/150px-Scrum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Scrum.svg/225px-Scrum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Scrum.svg/300px-Scrum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="521" data-file-height="826" /></a><figcaption>The relative body positions of the players in a <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> scrum</figcaption></figure> <p>A rugby union scrum consists of two teams' eight forwards, with each team binding in three rows. The front row is composed of the two <i><a href="/wiki/Prop_(rugby_union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prop (rugby union)">props</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Hooker_(rugby_union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hooker (rugby union)">hooker</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ScrumFormation_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ScrumFormation-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two <i>second row</i> forwards (jersey numbers four and five), commonly referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Lock_(rugby_union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lock (rugby union)">locks</a> bind together and directly behind the front row with each putting their heads between the props and the hooker. Lastly the back row is made up of the two <i><a href="/wiki/Flanker_(rugby_union)" title="Flanker (rugby union)">flankers</a></i> and the <a href="/wiki/Number_eight_(rugby_union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Number eight (rugby union)">number eight</a>. The flankers bind on each side of the scrum — next to a lock and behind a prop.<sup id="cite_ref-ScrumFormation_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ScrumFormation-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Scrum%28rugby%29.ogv/320px--Scrum%28rugby%29.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="320" height="240" data-durationhint="10" data-mwtitle="Scrum(rugby).ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/Scrum%28rugby%29.ogv/Scrum%28rugby%29.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/Scrum%28rugby%29.ogv/Scrum%28rugby%29.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Scrum%28rugby%29.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/Scrum%28rugby%29.ogv/Scrum%28rugby%29.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /></video></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The two forward packs form a scrum by approaching to within an arms length of each other. The referee gives the command <i>crouch</i> and the opposing front rows then crouch; as well as allowing the front rows to interlock with one another, this crouching action also serves to <a href="/wiki/Isometric_exercise#Isometric_presses_as_preparation_for_explosive_power_movements" title="Isometric exercise">isometrically preload</a> the muscles, enabling the subsequent drive to be performed more powerfully. The referee then calls <i>bind</i> and forwards grab the opposites shoulders. The referee then issues the <i>set</i> command which indicates that the two packs may come together. When this happens both front rows thrust forward with the tighthead props' heads going between the opposing hooker and loosehead prop. The <a href="/wiki/Scrum-half_(rugby_union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scrum-half (rugby union)">scrum-half</a> from the team that has possession then throws the ball in the gap formed between the two front rows.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCFeed_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCFeed-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two hookers (and sometimes the props) then compete for possession by trying to hook the ball backwards with their feet, while the entire pack tries to push the opposing pack backwards. The side that wins possession usually transfers the ball to the back of the scrum — which is done with their feet. Once at the back it is picked up either by the number 8, or by the scrum-half.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCHooker_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCHooker-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting with the 2012/2013 rugby season the <a href="/wiki/International_Rugby_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="International Rugby Board">International Rugby Board</a> has issued trial law amendments, one of which affects the call sequence. The referee will continue to start with "crouch" and "touch", but will now issue the command "set", which replaces "engage" as the indication that the packs may push forward. "Pause" has been removed in order to speed up the scrum and to minimize resets due to collapsed scrums.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The command to "touch" was not used before 2007. Instead, the referee called "crouch and hold", at which time each pack crouched and held that position before the referee gave the command to "engage". Starting in 2013/2014 "touch" has been replaced with "bind". </p><p>There are a large number of rules regarding the specifics of what can and cannot be done during a scrum. Front rowers must engage square on, rather than <i>bore</i> in on an angle.<sup id="cite_ref-BBClaws_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBClaws-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Front-rowers are also banned from twisting their bodies, pulling opponents, or doing anything that might collapse the scrum.<sup id="cite_ref-PRLaw20_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PRLaw20-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The back row must remain bound until the ball has left the scrum. For flankers, this means keeping one arm, up to the shoulder, in contact with the scrum. The scrum must be stable, stationary and parallel to the goal-lines when they <i>feed</i> the ball; otherwise a free kick is awarded to the non-offending team. By strict letter of the law, the ball must be fed into the middle of the tunnel with its major axis parallel to the ground and touchline; however this is becoming less strictly enforced as the photo in this article illustrates. The ball must be thrown in quickly and in a single movement — this means that a feed cannot be faked. Once the ball has left the hands of the scrum-half the scrum has begun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rugby_sevens">Rugby sevens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scrum_(rugby)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rugby sevens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sevens_scrum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Sevens_scrum.jpg/200px-Sevens_scrum.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Sevens_scrum.jpg/300px-Sevens_scrum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Sevens_scrum.jpg/400px-Sevens_scrum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932" /></a><figcaption>Scrum in <a href="/wiki/Rugby_sevens" title="Rugby sevens">sevens</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Scrums in <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_sevens" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugby union sevens">rugby union sevens</a> consist only of what would be the "front row" in normal rugby union. They consist of three forwards on each side, plus a scrum half to feed in the ball. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rugby_league">Rugby league</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scrum_(rugby)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Rugby league"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rugby_league_scrum_finale_elite_rugby_XIII_2010_FCL_PIA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Rugby_league_scrum_finale_elite_rugby_XIII_2010_FCL_PIA.png/275px-Rugby_league_scrum_finale_elite_rugby_XIII_2010_FCL_PIA.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Rugby_league_scrum_finale_elite_rugby_XIII_2010_FCL_PIA.png/413px-Rugby_league_scrum_finale_elite_rugby_XIII_2010_FCL_PIA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Rugby_league_scrum_finale_elite_rugby_XIII_2010_FCL_PIA.png/550px-Rugby_league_scrum_finale_elite_rugby_XIII_2010_FCL_PIA.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>A rugby league scrum</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">rugby league</a> scrum is used to bring the ball back into play in situations where the ball has gone out of play over the touchline or a player has made a mistake, a <a href="/wiki/List_of_rugby_league_terms#knock-on" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rugby league terms">knock-on</a> or forward pass, except when that mistake has occurred on the last tackle of a <a href="/wiki/Set_of_six" class="mw-redirect" title="Set of six">set of six</a> tackles. A scrum is also used in the rare event that the ball bursts or the referee interferes with the movement of the ball. </p><p>The scrum consists of six players from each team in a 3–2–1 formation. The scrum is usually formed by each team's <i>forwards</i>, though any player can participate. The front row of the formation consists of the <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_positions#Prop" title="Rugby league positions">open-side prop</a> (8), <a href="/wiki/Hooker_(rugby_league)" title="Hooker (rugby league)">hooker</a> (9) and <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_positions#Prop" title="Rugby league positions">blind-side prop</a> (10). Behind the front row are the two <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_positions#Second-row_forward" title="Rugby league positions">second row forwards</a> (11&12), and then the <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_positions#Loose_forward_/_Lock_forward" title="Rugby league positions">loose forward</a> (13) at the back. </p><p>The two "packs" of forwards form a scrum before the ball is put into the scrum. The <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_positions#Scrum-half" title="Rugby league positions">scrum-half</a> (7) (also known as the halfback) of the team that did not commit the forward pass, knock-on or cause the ball to go out of play over the touch line puts the ball into the scrum through the tunnel formed by the front rows of each set of forwards meeting. When the ball bursts or the referee interferes with the ball, the team that had possession at the time is the one to put the ball into the scrum. Both teams may attempt to secure the ball while it is in the scrum by "hooking" for it or by pushing their opponents off the ball. The ball can be brought back into open play by the scrum-half retrieving it from the rear of the scrum or by the loose forward picking it up after detaching from the scrum.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While restarting play, the scrum serves to keep the forwards in one area of the field for a time, thus creating more space for back play and special plays, an advantage to the side that wins the scrum. It is now uncommon for the team not awarded the scrum feed to win possession "against the feed". Prior to 1983, the loose forward would often stand outside of the scrum, leaving a <i>five-man scrum</i>. In an effort to provide more space for backline play, scrum rules were changed so that in normal circumstances loose forwards must always bind into the scrum. However, if a player is sent off, five-man scrums may occur. In this situation, the rules mandate the numbers of players <i>not</i> bound into the scrum.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the <a href="/wiki/Laws_of_rugby_league" title="Laws of rugby league">Laws of the Game</a> continue to provide for competitive scrums,<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ARL_RLRules_Section12_subsections2_4_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARL_RLRules_Section12_subsections2_4-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a convention exists that some scrum rules are not enforced. During the 1970s, scrum penalties for feeding the ball into the legs of the second row, packs moving off the "mark" or collapsing the scrum were seen as unattractive. The ability of teams to win a game purely on goals from scrum penalties was also seen as unfair. In an effort to improve this situation, changes to rules and their enforcement were made. The number of scrums was reduced with the introduction of the "<a href="/wiki/Playing_rugby_league#Handover" class="mw-redirect" title="Playing rugby league">handover</a>" after a team has used a set of six tackles,<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Differential_penalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Differential penalty">differential penalty</a>, one which cannot be kicked at goal was brought in for offences at scrums and referees ceased enforcing some rules regarding feeding the ball into scrum. Aided by this change, it is common for professional teams not to fully contest scrums, according to their choice of tactics. This in turn has led to some criticism that the scrummage in rugby league no longer serves a useful purpose, and should be replaced with a tap penalty or play the ball. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scrum_(rugby)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/31px-Sports_icon.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/47px-Sports_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/62px-Sports_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="226" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Sports" title="Portal:Sports">Sports portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scrum_machine" title="Scrum machine">Scrum machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_gameplay" title="Rugby league gameplay">Rugby league gameplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_gameplay" title="Rugby union gameplay">Rugby union gameplay</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scrum_(rugby)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Scrum</i>, abbreviated form of <i>scrummage</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/"><i>Oxford English Dictionary Online</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080111125659/http://www.oed.com/">crouch bind sit Archived</a> 2008-01-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNick_Mulvenney_and_Peter_Rutherford2011" class="citation news cs1">Nick Mulvenney and Peter Rutherford (4 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130316054449/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/04/04/rugby-league-scrums-idUKL3E7F406B20110404">"Rugby-Cat calls greet scrummaging's return to league"</a>. <i>uk.<a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">reuters</a>.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/rugby-league-scrums-idUKL3E7F406B20110404">the original</a> on 16 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=uk.reuters.com&rft.atitle=Rugby-Cat+calls+greet+scrummaging%27s+return+to+league&rft.date=2011-04-04&rft.au=Nick+Mulvenney+and+Peter+Rutherford&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Frugby-league-scrums-idUKL3E7F406B20110404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrum+%28rugby%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ScrumFormation-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ScrumFormation_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ScrumFormation_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/rules_and_equipment/4205334.stm">"Forming a scrum"</a>. bbc.co.uk. 2005-09-14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070703055120/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/rules_and_equipment/4205334.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2007-07-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Forming+a+scrum&rft.date=2005-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport2%2Fhi%2Frugby_union%2Frules_and_equipment%2F4205334.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrum+%28rugby%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCFeed-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBCFeed_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/rules_and_equipment/4205422.stm">"Feeding the scrum"</a>. bbc.co.uk. 2005-09-14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070519101459/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/rules_and_equipment/4205422.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2007-05-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Feeding+the+scrum&rft.date=2005-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport2%2Fhi%2Frugby_union%2Frules_and_equipment%2F4205422.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrum+%28rugby%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCHooker-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBCHooker_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/rules_and_equipment/4205454.stm">"Hooking the ball"</a>. bbc.co.uk. 2005-09-14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070629203429/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/rules_and_equipment/4205454.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2007-06-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hooking+the+ball&rft.date=2005-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport2%2Fhi%2Frugby_union%2Frules_and_equipment%2F4205454.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrum+%28rugby%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120707055338/http://www.irblaws.com/2012/index.php?amendment=21">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irblaws.com/2012/index.php?amendment=21">the original</a> on 2012-07-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-10-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irblaws.com%2F2012%2Findex.php%3Famendment%3D21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrum+%28rugby%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBClaws-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBClaws_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/rules_and_equipment/4205180.stm">"The laws of scrummaging"</a>. bbc.co.uk. 2005-09-14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070825085053/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/rules_and_equipment/4205180.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2007-08-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+laws+of+scrummaging&rft.date=2005-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport2%2Fhi%2Frugby_union%2Frules_and_equipment%2F4205180.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrum+%28rugby%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PRLaw20-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PRLaw20_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080112063325/http://www.planetrugby.com/Story/0,18259,3940_1863741,00.html">"Law 20 - Scrum"</a>. planetrugby.com. 2007-01-22. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planetrugby.com/Story/0,18259,3940_1863741,00.html">the original</a> on 2008-01-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Law+20+-+Scrum&rft.date=2007-01-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.planetrugby.com%2FStory%2F0%2C18259%2C3940_1863741%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrum+%28rugby%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Australian Rugby League Rule Book, February 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ARL_RLRules_Section12_subsections2_4-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ARL_RLRules_Section12_subsections2_4_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120192313/http://www.nswrl.com.au/files/rules/ARL%20International%20Laws%20of%20the%20Game%202008.pdf">"ARL International Laws of the Game"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Rugby_League" title="New South Wales Rugby League">New South Wales Rugby League</a> www.nswrl.com.au. 3 April 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nswrl.com.au/files/rules/ARL%20International%20Laws%20of%20the%20Game%202008.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 20 November 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ARL+International+Laws+of+the+Game&rft.pub=New+South+Wales+Rugby+League+www.nswrl.com.au&rft.date=2007-04-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nswrl.com.au%2Ffiles%2Frules%2FARL%2520International%2520Laws%2520of%2520the%2520Game%25202008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrum+%28rugby%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scrum_(rugby)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Scrum_(rugby)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Scrum (rugby)">Scrum (rugby)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/media/avdb/sport_web/video/9012da6800367f0/bb/09012da680036a61_16x9_bb.asx">"BBC Sports Academy - The Scrum"</a>. bbc.co.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=BBC+Sports+Academy+-+The+Scrum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fmedia%2Favdb%2Fsport_web%2Fvideo%2F9012da6800367f0%2Fbb%2F09012da680036a61_16x9_bb.asx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrum+%28rugby%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/rugby_union/rules_and_equipment/5410346.stm">"New scrummaging law takes force"</a>. bbc.co.uk. 2007-01-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+scrummaging+law+takes+force&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport1%2Fhi%2Frugby_union%2Frules_and_equipment%2F5410346.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrum+%28rugby%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFenton2006" class="citation news cs1">Fenton, Ben (27 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1519481/Is-this-the-final-collapse-for-the-rugby-scrum.html">"Is this the final collapse for the rugby scrum?"</a>. <i>(Report on a surgeon calling for a ban on contested scrums in rugby union)</i>. London: telegraph.co.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%28Report+on+a+surgeon+calling+for+a+ban+on+contested+scrums+in+rugby+union%29&rft.atitle=Is+this+the+final+collapse+for+the+rugby+scrum%3F&rft.date=2006-05-27&rft.aulast=Fenton&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F1519481%2FIs-this-the-final-collapse-for-the-rugby-scrum.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrum+%28rugby%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/rules_and_equipment/4205334.stm">"Forming a scrum"</a>. bbc.co.uk. 2005-09-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Forming+a+scrum&rft.date=2005-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport2%2Fhi%2Frugby_union%2Frules_and_equipment%2F4205334.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrum+%28rugby%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/rules_and_equipment/4205180.stm">"The laws of scrummaging"</a>. bbc.co.uk. 2005-09-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+laws+of+scrummaging&rft.date=2005-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport2%2Fhi%2Frugby_union%2Frules_and_equipment%2F4205180.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrum+%28rugby%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070623124611/http://www.irb.com/EN/Laws+and+Regulations/Laws/061206+dk+scrum+law+change+en.htm">"Scrum Law changes"</a>. irb.com. 2006-12-06. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irb.com/EN/Laws+and+Regulations/Laws/061206+dk+scrum+law+change+en.htm">the original</a> on 2007-06-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Scrum+Law+changes&rft.date=2006-12-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irb.com%2FEN%2FLaws%2Band%2BRegulations%2FLaws%2F061206%2Bdk%2Bscrum%2Blaw%2Bchange%2Ben.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScrum+%28rugby%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080112063325/http://www.planetrugby.com/Story/0,18259,3940_1863741,00.html">"Law 20 - Scrum"</a>. planetrugby.com. 2007-01-22. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planetrugby.com/Story/0,18259,3940_1863741,00.html">the original</a> on 2008-01-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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