CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="tg" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Асп — Википедия</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )tgwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy" ,"wgMonthNames":["","Январ","Феврал","Март","Апрел","Май","Июн","Июл","август","сентябр","Октябр","ноябр","Декабр"],"wgRequestId":"c8806e6e-e7b1-446c-b3a6-5827f5cab6f1","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Асп","wgTitle":"Асп","wgCurRevisionId":1318685,"wgRevisionId":1318685,"wgArticleId":2050,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Мақолаҳое, ки бар асоси маводи ЭМТ навишта шудаанд","Саҳифаҳои дорои пайванди сеҳрноки ISBN","Википедия:Мақолаҳои зистшинохтӣ бидуни таксошаблон","Ҷонварон аз рӯи алифбо","Биологические статьи без ITIS","Биологические статьи без NCBI", "Биологические статьи без EOL","Аспҳо"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"tg","wgPageContentLanguage":"tg","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Асп","wgRelevantArticleId":2050,"wgUserVariant":"tg","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"tg","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"tg"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false, "wgWikibaseItemId":"Q726","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP", "ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.collapserefs","ext.gadget.directLinkToCommons","ext.gadget.logo","ext.gadget.edittop","ext.gadget.blpEditNotice","ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.gadget.sidebarRelated","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=tg&modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=tg&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=tg&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=tg&modules=noscript&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"></noscript> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Pernod_Al_Ariba_0046b.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="972"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Pernod_Al_Ariba_0046b.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="648"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Pernod_Al_Ariba_0046b.jpg/640px-Pernod_Al_Ariba_0046b.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="518"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Асп — Википедия"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//tg.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="вироиш" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Википедиа (tg)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//tg.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="tg" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="tg-Latn" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&variant=tg-latn"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.tg"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Барои Википедиа Atom Хабархон" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Асп rootpage-Асп skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Оғоза" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Оғоза</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Оғоза</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">Пинҳон кардан</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Гаштан </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Бозгашт ба саҳифаи аслӣ [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Саҳифаи аслӣ</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%92%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Дар бораи лоиҳа ва чи корҳоро метавонед кард"><span>Вуруди корбарон</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D2%9B%D0%B5%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Ёфтани иттилооти пешзамина перомуни рӯйдодҳои кунунӣ"><span>Рӯйдодҳои кунунӣ</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рӯйхати тағйиротҳо дар Википедия [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Тағйироти охирин</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%84%D3%A3" title="Овардани як саҳифаи тасодуфӣ [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Саҳифаҳои тасодуфӣ</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Гузаштан ба Роҳнамо."><span>Роҳнамо</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A3" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Википедиа" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-tg.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="донишномаи озод" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tg.svg" width="120" height="12" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D2%B6%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D2%B7%D3%AF" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Ҷустуҷӯ дар Википедиа [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Ҷустуҷӯ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Ҷустуҷӯ дар Википедиа" aria-label="Ҷустуҷӯ дар Википедиа" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Ҷустуҷӯ дар Википедиа [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Вижа:Ҷустуҷӯ"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Ҷустуҷӯ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Абзорҳои шахсӣ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Зоҳир"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Зоҳир" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Зоҳир</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tg.wikipedia.org&uselang=tg" class=""><span>Кумаки молӣ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%A3&returnto=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF" title="Мо ба шумо пешниҳод мекунем, то ҳисоб эҷод намоед ва ба система вортд шавед, ин ҳатмӣ нест" class=""><span>Эҷоди ҳисоб</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%92%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF" title="Тавсия мешавад ки ба система ворид шавед, лекин маҷбурӣ нест. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Вуруд</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Абзорҳои шахсӣ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Абзорҳои шахсӣ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tg.wikipedia.org&uselang=tg"><span>Кумаки молӣ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%A3&returnto=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF" title="Мо ба шумо пешниҳод мекунем, то ҳисоб эҷод намоед ва ба система вортд шавед, ин ҳатмӣ нест"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Эҷоди ҳисоб</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%92%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF" title="Тавсия мешавад ки ба система ворид шавед, лекин маҷбурӣ нест. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Вуруд</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Саҳмгузориҳо</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Баҳси пиромуни вироишҳо аз ин нишонаи IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Баҳс</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Муҳтавоҳо" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Муҳтавоҳо</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Пинҳон кардан</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Ибтидо</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Тавсифот_бо_забони_ангилисий" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тавсифот_бо_забони_ангилисий"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Тавсифот бо забони ангилисий</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тавсифот_бо_забони_ангилисий-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Корбурд_дар_хоҷагӣ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Корбурд_дар_хоҷагӣ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Корбурд дар хоҷагӣ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Корбурд_дар_хоҷагӣ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Асотир" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Асотир"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Асотир</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Асотир-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Асотир subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Асотир-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Вожаи_асп" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Вожаи_асп"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Вожаи асп</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Вожаи_асп-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Таърих" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Таърих"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Таърих</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Таърих-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Таърих subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Таърих-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Асппарварии_мардуми_тоҷик" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Асппарварии_мардуми_тоҷик"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Асппарварии мардуми тоҷик</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Асппарварии_мардуми_тоҷик-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Зот_ва_пайдоиши_аспҳои_Шарқи_Қадим" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Зот_ва_пайдоиши_аспҳои_Шарқи_Қадим"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Зот ва пайдоиши аспҳои Шарқи Қадим</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Зот_ва_пайдоиши_аспҳои_Шарқи_Қадим-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Парвариши_асп" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Парвариши_асп"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Парвариши асп</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Парвариши_асп-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Парвариши асп subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Парвариши_асп-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Асппарвариӣ_дар_Тоҷикистон" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Асппарвариӣ_дар_Тоҷикистон"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Асппарвариӣ дар Тоҷикистон</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Асппарвариӣ_дар_Тоҷикистон-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Нигористон" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Нигористон"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Нигористон</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Нигористон-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ҳамчунин_нигаред" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ҳамчунин_нигаред"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ҳамчунин нигаред</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ҳамчунин_нигаред-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Инҷоро_ҳам_бингаред" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Инҷоро_ҳам_бингаред"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Инҷоро ҳам бингаред</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Инҷоро_ҳам_бингаред-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Адабиёт" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Адабиёт"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Адабиёт</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Адабиёт-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Сарчашма" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Сарчашма"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Сарчашма</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Сарчашма-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Муҳтавоҳо" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Асп</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 236 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-236" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">236 забон</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guda" title="Guda – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Guda" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perd" title="Perd – африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Perd" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauspferd" title="Hauspferd – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hauspferd" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82" title="Ат – Southern Altai" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Ат" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Southern Altai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%88%E1%88%A8%E1%88%B5" title="ፈረስ – амҳарӣ" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፈረስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амҳарӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equus_caballus" title="Equus caballus – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Equus caballus" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hors" title="Hors – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Hors" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE" title="घोड़ा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="घोड़ा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="فرس – арабӣ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A3%DC%98%DC%A3%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܣܘܣܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܣܘܣܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF" title="عاود – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عاود" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%86" title="حصان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حصان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%98%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%81%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="ঘোঁৰা – ассомӣ" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ঘোঁৰা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ассомӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equus_ferus_caballus" title="Equus ferus caballus – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Equus ferus caballus" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83" title="Чу – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Чу" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okol_(Equus_caballus)" title="Okol (Equus caballus) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Okol (Equus caballus)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawallu" title="Kawallu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Kawallu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ev_at%C4%B1" title="Ev atı – озарбойҷонӣ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ev atı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="озарбойҷонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA" title="آت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Йорт аты – бошқирдӣ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Йорт аты" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="бошқирдӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C3%9F" title="Roß – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Roß" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkl%C4%ABs" title="Arklīs – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Arklīs" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoda" title="Hoda – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Hoda" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabayo" title="Kabayo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kabayo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Конь свойскі – белорусӣ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Конь свойскі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Свойскі конь – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Свойскі конь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Кон – булғорӣ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="булғорӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse" title="Horse – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Horse" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuda" title="Kuda – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kuda" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%98%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ঘোড়া – бинғолӣ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ঘোড়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бинғолӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%9F%E0%BC%8D" title="རྟ། – тибетӣ" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྟ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="тибетӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc%27h" title="Marc'h – бретонӣ" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Marc'h" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konj" title="Konj – босниягӣ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Konj" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босниягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%83" title="Адуу – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Адуу" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavall" title="Cavall – каталонӣ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cavall" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81" title="Mā – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mā" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equus_caballus" title="Equus caballus – себуано" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Equus caballus" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%90%E1%8F%88%E1%8E%B5" title="ᏐᏈᎵ – черокӣ" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏐᏈᎵ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="черокӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%27%C3%A9hno%27ha" title="Mo'éhno'ha – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Mo'éhno'ha" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B3%D9%BE" title="ئەسپ – курдии марказӣ" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەسپ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="курдии марказӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavaddu" title="Cavaddu – корсиканӣ" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Cavaddu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="корсиканӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%AF%C5%88" title="Kůň – чехӣ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kůň" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чехӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom%C3%B4cy_k%C3%B3%C5%84" title="Domôcy kóń – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Domôcy kóń" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0" title="Килти лаша – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Килти лаша" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceffyl" title="Ceffyl – валлӣ" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ceffyl" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hest" title="Hest – даниягӣ" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hest" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="даниягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahu" title="Wahu – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Wahu" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauspferd" title="Hauspferd – немисӣ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hauspferd" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немисӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathia%C5%8B" title="Mathiaŋ – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Mathiaŋ" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estor" title="Estor – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Estor" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%94" title="Sɔ – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Sɔ" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BF" title="Άλογο – юнонӣ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άλογο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="юнонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cav%C3%A0l" title="Cavàl – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Cavàl" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="мақолаҳои хуб"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse" title="Horse – Англисӣ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Horse" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Англисӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="мақолаҳои хуб"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88evalo" title="Ĉevalo – эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉevalo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equus_ferus_caballus" title="Equus ferus caballus – испанӣ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Equus ferus caballus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobune" title="Hobune – эстонӣ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hobune" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaldi" title="Zaldi – баскӣ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zaldi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equus_ferus_caballus" title="Equus ferus caballus – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Equus ferus caballus" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8" title="اسب – форсӣ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="форсӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hevonen" title="Hevonen – финӣ" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hevonen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hop%C3%B5n" title="Hopõn – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Hopõn" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ose" title="Ose – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Ose" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross" title="Ross – фарерӣ" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Ross" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарерӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%94%CC%81" title="Sɔ́ – Fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Sɔ́" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheval" title="Cheval – франсузӣ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cheval" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="франсузӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hingst" title="Hingst – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Hingst" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cjaval" title="Cjaval – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cjaval" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hynder" title="Hynder – фризии ғарбӣ" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hynder" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="фризии ғарбӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capall" title="Capall – ирландӣ" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Capall" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC" title="馬 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="馬" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Each" title="Each – шотландии гэлӣ" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Each" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шотландии гэлӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabalo" title="Cabalo – галисиягӣ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cabalo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисиягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8" title="اسب – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="اسب" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavaju" title="Kavaju – гуаранӣ" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kavaju" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуаранӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadala" title="Wadala – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Wadala" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%98%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%8B" title="ઘોડો – гуҷаротӣ" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઘોડો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="гуҷаротӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ama" title="Ama – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Ama" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabbyl" title="Cabbyl – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Cabbyl" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A2" title="Mâ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mâ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lio" title="Lio – ҳавайӣ" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Lio" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="ҳавайӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="סוס הבית – ибронӣ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סוס הבית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ибронӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE" title="घोड़ा – ҳиндӣ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="घोड़ा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ҳиндӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghorra" title="Ghorra – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Ghorra" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="мақолаҳои баргузида"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doma%C4%87i_konj" title="Domaći konj – хорватӣ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Domaći konj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheval" title="Cheval – гаитии креолӣ" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Cheval" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаитии креолӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="мақолаҳои баргузида"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B3" title="Ló – маҷорӣ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ló" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="маҷорӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%81%D5%AB" title="Ձի – арманӣ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ձի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="арманӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%81%D5%AB" title="Ձի – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ձի" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavallo" title="Cavallo – Байни забонӣ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cavallo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Байни забонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuda" title="Kuda – индонезӣ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kuda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuttuqpak" title="Tuttuqpak – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Tuttuqpak" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabalio" title="Kabalio – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kabalio" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavalo" title="Kavalo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kavalo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hestur" title="Hestur – исландӣ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hestur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equus_ferus_caballus" title="Equus ferus caballus – италиявӣ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Equus ferus caballus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиявӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%83%9E" title="ウマ – японӣ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウマ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aas" title="Aas – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Aas" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/xirma" title="xirma – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="xirma" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaran" title="Jaran – Ҷаванизӣ" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jaran" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Ҷаванизӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="შინაური ცხენი – гурҷӣ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შინაური ცხენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="гурҷӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayis" title="Ayis – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ayis" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8B" title="Шы – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Шы" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kpa%C5%8Bn%C9%94" title="Kpaŋnɔ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kpaŋnɔ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsaai" title="Tsaai – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Tsaai" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B" title="Жылқы – қазоқӣ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жылқы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="қазоқӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86" title="ಕುದುರೆ – каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕುದುರೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%90_(%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC)" title="말 (동물) – кореягӣ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="말 (동물)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="кореягӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D3%A7%D0%B2" title="Вӧв – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Вӧв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%8F%D8%B1" title="گُر – кашмирӣ" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="گُر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="кашмирӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesp" title="Hesp – курдӣ" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hesp" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D3%A7%D0%B2" title="Вӧв – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Вӧв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margh" title="Margh – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Margh" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%8B" title="Жылкы – қирғизӣ" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жылкы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="қирғизӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equus_ferus_caballus" title="Equus ferus caballus – лотинӣ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Equus ferus caballus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="лотинӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavayo" title="Kavayo – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kavayo" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83" title="Чу – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Чу" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavalo" title="Cavalo – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cavalo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taam_peerd" title="Taam peerd – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Taam peerd" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavallo" title="Cavallo – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Cavallo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciaval" title="Ciaval – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ciaval" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equus_ferus_caballus" title="Equus ferus caballus – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Equus ferus caballus" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far%C3%A1sa" title="Farása – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Farása" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2" title="ມ້າ – лаосӣ" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ມ້າ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаосӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naminis_arklys" title="Naminis arklys – литвонӣ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Naminis arklys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литвонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81jas_zirgs" title="Mājas zirgs – латишӣ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mājas zirgs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латишӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE" title="घोड़ा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="घोड़ा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaran" title="Jaran – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Jaran" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Лишме – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Лишме" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soavaly" title="Soavaly – малагасӣ" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Soavaly" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагасӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Имне – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Имне" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudo" title="Kudo – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kudo" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%9A" title="Коњ – мақдунӣ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Коњ" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="мақдунӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0" title="കുതിര – малаяламӣ" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കുതിര" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаяламӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%83" title="Адуу – муғулӣ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Адуу" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="муғулӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9C" title="ꯁꯒꯣꯜ – манипурӣ" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯒꯣꯜ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="манипурӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="घोडा – маратҳӣ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="घोडा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратҳӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Имни – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Имни" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="мақолаҳои баргузида"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuda" title="Kuda – малайӣ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kuda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBiemel" title="Żiemel – малтӣ" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Żiemel" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="малтӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="မြင်း – бирманӣ" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирманӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Лишме – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Лишме" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE" title="اسپ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اسپ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peerd" title="Peerd – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Peerd" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peerd" title="Peerd – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Peerd" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="घोडा – непалӣ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="घोडा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непалӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2" title="सल – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सल" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudo" title="Kudo – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Kudo" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paard_(dier)" title="Paard (dier) – голландӣ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Paard (dier)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голландӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hest" title="Hest – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hest" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hest" title="Hest – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hest" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%27va" title="J'va – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="J'va" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C4%AF%CC%81%C4%AF%CC%81%CA%BC" title="Łį́į́ʼ – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Łį́į́ʼ" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equus_caballus" title="Equus caballus – окситанӣ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Equus caballus" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebo" title="Hebo – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Hebo" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%98%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AC%BE" title="ଘୋଡ଼ା – одия" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଘୋଡ଼ା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="одия" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%C3%A6%D1%85" title="Бæх – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Бæх" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%98%E0%A9%8B%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%BE" title="ਘੋੜਾ – панҷобӣ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਘੋੜਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="панҷобӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabayu" title="Kabayu – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kabayu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cvau" title="Cvau – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Cvau" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Gaul" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pferd" title="Pferd – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Pferd" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoss" title="Hoss – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Hoss" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%84_domowy" title="Koń domowy – лаҳистонӣ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Koń domowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="лаҳистонӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caval" title="Caval – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Caval" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DA%BE%D9%88%DA%91%D8%A7" title="گھوڑا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گھوڑا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3" title="آس – пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="آس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="мақолаҳои хуб"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavalo" title="Cavalo – португалӣ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cavalo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawallu" title="Kawallu – кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kawallu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaval" title="Chaval – ретороманӣ" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Chaval" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="ретороманӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray" title="Gray – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Gray" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal" title="Cal – руминӣ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cal" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="руминӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calu" title="Calu – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Calu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C" title="Домашняя лошадь – русӣ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Домашняя лошадь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Кінь – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Кінь" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifarashi" title="Ifarashi – киняруанда" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ifarashi" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="киняруанда" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%83" title="अश्वः – санскрит" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अश्वः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82" title="Ат – саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ат" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱥᱟᱫᱚᱢ – санталӣ" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱟᱫᱚᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="санталӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caddu" title="Caddu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Caddu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavaddu" title="Cavaddu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cavaddu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="мақолаҳои баргузида"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse" title="Horse – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Horse" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%87%D9%88%DA%99%D9%88" title="گهوڙو – синдӣ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گهوڙو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heabu%C5%A1" title="Heabuš – самии шимолӣ" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Heabuš" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="самии шимолӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mb%C3%A2r%C3%A2t%C3%A2" title="Mbârâtâ – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Mbârâtâ" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doma%C4%87i_konj" title="Domaći konj – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Domaći konj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F" title="අශ්වයා – сингалӣ" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අශ්වයා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингалӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse" title="Horse – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Horse" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B4%C5%88_dom%C3%A1ci" title="Kôň domáci – словакӣ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kôň domáci" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словакӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DA%BE%D9%88%DA%91%D8%A7" title="گھوڑا – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="گھوڑا" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doma%C4%8Di_konj" title="Domači konj – словенӣ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Domači konj" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solofanua" title="Solofanua – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Solofanua" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhiza" title="Bhiza – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Bhiza" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faras" title="Faras – сомалӣ" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Faras" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="сомалӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali" title="Kali – албанӣ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kali" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%9B%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%9A" title="Домаћи коњ – сербӣ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Домаћи коњ" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asi_(pardi)" title="Asi (pardi) – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Asi (pardi)" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoangst_(Suugediert)" title="Hoangst (Suugediert) – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Hoangst (Suugediert)" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuda" title="Kuda – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kuda" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4st" title="Häst – шведӣ" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Häst" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farasi" title="Farasi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Farasi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%AF%C5%84" title="Kůń – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kůń" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88" title="குதிரை – тамилӣ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குதிரை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rme%27" title="Rme' – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Rme'" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86" title="ಕುದುರೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಕುದುರೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%B3" title="ᥛᥣᥳ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥛᥣᥳ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="గుర్రం – телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గుర్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="ม้า – тайӣ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ม้า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabayo" title="Kabayo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kabayo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C9%99_asp" title="Kə asp – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Kə asp" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/At" title="At – туркӣ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="At" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="туркӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Йорт аты – тоторӣ" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Йорт аты" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="тоторӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Чылгы – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Чылгы" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Вал – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Вал" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ئات – ӯйғурӣ" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئات" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ӯйғурӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кінь свійський – украинӣ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кінь свійський" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DA%BE%D9%88%DA%91%D8%A7" title="گھوڑا – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گھوڑا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ot_(hayvon)" title="Ot (hayvon) – ӯзбекӣ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ot (hayvon)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ӯзбекӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equus_ferus_caballus" title="Equus ferus caballus – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Equus ferus caballus" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebo" title="Hebo – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Hebo" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%B1a" title="Ngựa – ветнамӣ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngựa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ветнамӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peird" title="Peird – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Peird" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jevod" title="Jevod – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Jevod" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchiv%C3%A5" title="Tchivå – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tchivå" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabayo" title="Kabayo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kabayo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fas_w" title="Fas w – волоф" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Fas w" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="волоф" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC" title="马 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Мөрн – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Мөрн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%93" title="פערד – идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פערד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%B8%E1%B9%A3in" title="Ẹṣin – йоруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ẹṣin" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max" title="Max – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Max" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paerd" title="Paerd – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Paerd" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC" title="马 – хитоӣ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="хитоӣ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC" title="馬 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="馬" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9" title="Bé – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bé" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC" title="馬 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q726#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Таҳрири пайвандҳои байнизабонӣ" class="wbc-editpage">Вироиши пайвандҳо</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Фазоҳои ном"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF" title="Намоиши таркиби саҳифа [c]" accesskey="c"><span>мақола</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%81:%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF" rel="discussion" title="Баҳси матни таркибии ин саҳифа [t]" accesskey="t"><span>мубоҳисавӣ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">кирилликӣ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-tg mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&variant=tg" lang="tg" hreflang="tg"><span>кирилликӣ</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-tg-Latn mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&variant=tg-latn" lang="tg-Latn" hreflang="tg-Latn"><span>lotinī</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Назарот"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF"><span>Хондан</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&veaction=edit" title="Вироиши ин саҳифа [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Вироиш</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&action=edit" title="Вироиши манбаъи ин саҳифа [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Вироиши манбаъ</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&action=history" title="Нусхаи охирини ин саҳифа. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Намоиши таърих</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ҷаъбаи абзор" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ҷаъбаи абзор</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Абзорҳо</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">Пинҳон кардан</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF"><span>Хондан</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&veaction=edit" title="Вироиши ин саҳифа [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Вироиш</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&action=edit" title="Вироиши манбаъи ин саҳифа [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Вироиши манбаъ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&action=history"><span>Намоиши таърих</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Умумӣ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D2%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D2%B7%D0%BE/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF" title="Рӯйхати ҳамаи саҳифаҳое, ки ба ин саҳифа пайванд доранд [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Пайвандҳо ба ин саҳифа</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF" rel="nofollow" title="Тағйироти охир ин саҳифаҳое, ки ин саҳифа ба онҳо пайванд дорад [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Тағйироти монандӣ</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=tg" title="Фиристодани аксҳо ё медиа-файлҳо [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Фиристодани парванда</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Рӯйхати ҳамаи саҳифаҳои вижа [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Саҳифаҳои вижа</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&oldid=1318685" title="Пайванди доимӣ ба ин нусха аз ин саҳифа"><span>Пайванди доимӣ</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Иттилооти саҳифа</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:CiteThisPage&page=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&id=1318685&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Ёд кардани пайванди ин мақола</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftg.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2590%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF"><span>Гирифтани URL-и кӯтоҳшуда</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftg.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2590%25D1%2581%25D0%25BF"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Нусхаи чопии ин саҳифа [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Нусхаи чопӣ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Дигар лоиҳаҳо </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Horses" hreflang="en"><span>Викианбор</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Equus_caballus" hreflang="en"><span>Викинамуд</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q726" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Элементи Викидода</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Зоҳир"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Зоҳир</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Пинҳон кардан</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Мавод аз Википедиа — донишномаи озод</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tg" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1231512">.mw-parser-output .ts-Taxonomy-rang-label{text-align:right;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.3em!important;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .ts-Taxonomy-rang-name{text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ts-Taxonomy-rang-label{width:40%!important}}</style> <table class="infobox infobox-321294c8e3a35c45" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; width:275px;" data-name="Таксон"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ffc3cd;font-size:130%;">Асп</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style=""> <span data-wikidata-property-id="P18" class="no-wikidata"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Pernod_Al_Ariba_0046b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Pernod_Al_Ariba_0046b.jpg/275px-Pernod_Al_Ariba_0046b.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Pernod_Al_Ariba_0046b.jpg/413px-Pernod_Al_Ariba_0046b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Pernod_Al_Ariba_0046b.jpg/550px-Pernod_Al_Ariba_0046b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ffd1d9;font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Сомонашиносӣ">Табақабандии илмӣ</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="plainlist" style="text-align:center;font-size:110%;"> <div class="NavFrame" style="background-color: transparent; border:0;"><div style="background-color:Gainsboro;font-size:85%;color:Dimgray">ХАТО: <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD#Сомонаи_новбарии_орояшинохтӣ" title="Шаблон:Таксон">шаблони орояшинохтӣ</a> нест, который должен описывать систематическое положение таксона <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equus_ferus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Equus ferus (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Equus ferus</a></i>.</div><div><table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td class="ts-Taxonomy-rang-label" style="color:DarkRed">Зернамуд:</td><td class="ts-Taxonomy-rang-name"><b>Асп</b></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ffd1d9;font-size:110%;">Номи байнулмилалии илмӣ</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="plainlist" style="text-align:center;font-size:110%;"> Equus ferus caballus <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">(<a href="/wiki/Linnaeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/1758" class="mw-redirect" title="1758">1758</a>)</span></td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background:#ffe0e5; font-size:90%; line-height:140%;;"><table width="100%" class="plainlinks" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"><tbody><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Equus_ferus_caballus?uselang=tg"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/17px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/26px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span><br /><a class="external text" href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Equus_ferus_caballus?uselang=tg">Сомонашиносӣ<br />дар Викигуна</a></td><td style="vertical-align:middle"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Horses"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span><br /><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Horses">Тасвирот<br />дар Викианбор</a></td><td><table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:#ffe0e5;"> </table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Асп</b> ё <b>асб</b>, борагӣ, фарас (<a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Забони лотинӣ">лот.</a> <span lang="la" style="font-style:italic;">Equus ferus caballus</span>) — ҳайвони тоқсуми маъмул. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Тавсифот_бо_забони_ангилисий"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D0.B2.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.84.D0.BE.D1.82_.D0.B1.D0.BE_.D0.B7.D0.B0.D0.B1.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B3.D0.B8.D0.BB.D0.B8.D1.81.D0.B8.D0.B9"></span>Тавсифот бо забони ангилисий</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Вироиши қисмат: Тавсифот бо забони ангилисий" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Тавсифот бо забони ангилисий"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Аспҳо нисбат ба дигар ҳайвоноти хонагии қадим калонҷуссатар мебошанд. Пояш пурқувват, банди сеюми ангушти мобайни он ба сум табдил ёфтааст. Наринаҳо 40 ва модинаҳо 36 дандон доштанд. Байни дандонҳои ашк ва курсии аспҳо қариб 10 см ҷой ҳаст, ки ба он лаҷом мезананд. Вобаста ба сохт ва тағироти дандонҳои пеш синну соли аспҳоро муайян кардан мумкин. Дили аспҳо 4-4,5 (дар баъзе аспҳои корӣ 6-6,5) ва шушашон 5-5,5 (ғунҷоишаш қариб 30 л) кг мешавад. Ҳарорати мӯътадили баданаш 38°С. Асп 35-50 л хун (ҳангоми 500 кг будани вазни бадан) дорад. Меъдааш сода (ғунҷоишаш қариб 20 л) аст; талхадон надорад. Аспҳои кори соле то 6-8 т пору медиҳанд. Пору ва пешоби асп, нитроген, калий ва кислотаи фосфати бисёр дорад. </p><p>Мӯйи асп ҷилонок, кӯтоҳ ва тахт аст. Вобаста ба ранг аспҳоро «тӯруқ», «ҷиран», «ашҳабӣ», «сиёҳмушкин» ва ғайра меноманд. Асп <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Баҳор">баҳор</a> ва <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D2%B3" title="Тирамоҳ">тирамоҳ</a> тулак намуда, ба сармо (то 60°С) ва гармо (то 50°С) хуб тоб меорад, ба иқлими нав зуд одат мекунад. Ғадудҳои арақбарори асп ниҳоят бисёр буда, ҳангоми кор то 85-100 г хлориди натрий ихроҷ мекунад. Ин миқдор намак бошад, дар хӯроки муқаррарии асп нест. Бинобар ин ба хӯроки аспҳое, ки корҳои вазнинро иҷро мекунад, рӯзе 25-40 г намак илова бояд намуд. Узвҳои шунавоӣ ва шоммаи аспи нағз инкишоф ёфтаанд. Чашмаш тез аст, то 360° мебинад, ранг, андоза ва шакли чизҳоро фарқ мекунад. Асп зуд дастомӯз мешавад. </p><p>Асп дар 1-1,5 солагӣ болиғ гардида, дар 6-7 солагӣ пурра инкишоф меёбад. Давраи ҳамлаш 11 моҳ як бача мезояд. Тойчаҳоро махсус нигоҳубин кардан лозим. Солиму бардам ва боқувват таваллуд шудани тойчаҷо ба тарзи нигоҳубини модинаҳо вобаста аст. Модинаҳо рӯзе 20-25 кг шир медиҳад. Аз шири модинаҳо <a href="/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Қимиз">қимиз</a> тайёр мекунанд. Тойча одатан баъди 30-40 дақиқаи таваллуд модарашро мемакад. Барон тойчаҳо хусусан фалла аҳамияти калон дошта, баъзе касалиҳоро пешгирӣ ва меъдаро тоза мекунад. Модиён ва тойчаро баъди як ҳафта аз аспхона cap додан лозим. Тойчаҳо одатан 6-7 моҳ шир мемаканд. Бинобар ин ҳангоми кор фармудани модиҳо тойчаро хамеша ҳамроҳи он бояд нигоҳ дошт. Асп то 30-35 (баъзан 67) сол умр мебинад ва онро дар хоҷагӣ аз 3 то 14-15 (баъзан то 18-20)-солагӣ истифода бурдан мумкин. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Корбурд_дар_хоҷагӣ"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B1.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B4_.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80_.D1.85.D0.BE.D2.B7.D0.B0.D0.B3.D3.A3"></span>Корбурд дар хоҷагӣ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Вироиши қисмат: Корбурд дар хоҷагӣ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Корбурд дар хоҷагӣ"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Дар замине, ки гаштани трактор имконнопазир аст, инчунин барои кашондани алаф, хошок, пахта, шир ва ғайра метавон аз асп истифода бурд. </p><p>Дар баъзе мамлакатҳо асп барои хидмати полис, артиши миллӣ (ҳифзи сарҳад), хоҷагии ҷангал, мамнӯъгоҳҳо, иктишофоти геологӣ, бостоншиносӣ ва ғайра кор фармуда мешавад. Модиёнҳоро 2 моҳ қабл аз зоидан ва 15 рӯз баъди он, инчунин аспҳои касалро кор фармудан мамнӯъ аст. </p><p>Дар як шаборӯз ба аспи корӣ дар шароити Тоҷикистон 8 кг беда, 4 кг коҳ, 5 кг ҷав, 1 кг сабӯси гандум ва 2 кг хӯроки сершира бояд дод. Ба асп ҳамчунин хошок, сабзӣ, лаблабу, картошка, тарбузи хӯрокӣ, кадуи хӯрокӣ, тарбеда, силос, ҷав, сулӣ, ҷуворимакка, хӯрокиҳои омехта ва ғайра медиҳанд. Ҳангоми дар таркиби хӯрок нарасидани моддаҳои минералӣ ба асп бӯр, орди устухон, мононатрийфосфат ё претсипитат додан лозим аст. Ба асп рӯзе 3 маротиба хӯрок дода мешавад. Пеш аз хӯрок об медиҳанд, ки он ҳазми ғизоро беҳ мегардонад. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Асотир"><span id=".D0.90.D1.81.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B8.D1.80"></span>Асотир</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Вироиши қисмат: Асотир" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Асотир"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Дар устураҳои исломӣ оид ба мухолифати аспу инсон ривояте маъруф аст. Мувофиқи он нахустаспҳо бол доштаанд ва вақте ки Офаридгор қолаби Одамро аз гил месозад, Иблис ба дили асп даромада, ӯро талқин мекунад, ки алайҳи бандаи хокӣ дар пархош бошад, зеро ба вай агар ҷон дароранд, аспро зин зада савор мешавад ва пару болашро мешиканад. асп тибқи нишондоди Иблис амал намуда, қолаби Одамро лагад зада мешиканад, вале бо хости Худо ба ҳоли аввал гардонида мешавад. Ниҳоят асп хатои худро фаҳмида, дастомӯзи инсон ва як воситаи зиндагии ӯ мегардад. </p><p>Сарнавишти Аноҳито — эзади об низ бо асп марбут аст. Барои <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Аноҳито">Аноҳито</a> — таъкид шудааст дар <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Авесто">Авесто</a>, — Аҳура Маздо гардунае сохт, ки чаҳор асп дошт ва ба манзили боду борон ва обу тагарг бо он мерафт. Аз фаргарди дуюми <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Вандидод">Вандидод</a> маълум мешавад, ки саргузашти Ҷамшед низ бо асп сахт марбут мебошад. </p><p> Қисмати бештари устураҳои авестоӣ дар иртибот бо асп ба сарзамини <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Турон">Турон</a> алоқаманданд. Турониён тибқи тасвири ҳамосӣ мардумони бодиянишин, саворони чобуку тундрав ва душмани Эрон хонда шудаанд. Дар байни онҳо машҳуртар Франграсӣана (Афросиёби «Шоҳнома») мебошад. Тибқи маълумоти <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%91%D0%BC" title="Умари Хайём">Умари Хайём</a> дар «Наврӯзнома» <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%B1" title="Афросиёб">Афросиёб</a> гуфта: </p><blockquote style="float:none; padding:3px 15px 3px 15px; border:thin solid #e0e0e0"><div>«Асп мар-мулукро чунон аст, ки осмон мармоҳро»</div><p style="margin:0 2em 0 0; text-align:right">— «Наврӯзнома»-и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%91%D0%BC" title="Умари Хайём">Умари Хайём</a></p></blockquote><p>. Дар ҳамин асар оид ба аспҳои гуногун, зоту сифатҳо ва хусусиятҳояшон маълумот дода шудааст. Ному корномаи аксар ашхоси асотирии эронитабори <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Авесто">Авесто</a> ба тавассути асп шуҳратёр мегарданд. Масалан, <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D2%B3%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Заҳҳок">Заҳҳокро</a> (Ажи Даҳака) <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF" title="Беварасп">Беварасп</a> — дорандаи даҳ ҳазор асп низ хондаанд. Тибқи анъанаи устурасозӣ Фаридун (Траэтаона, Фретон) дар <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Авесто">Авесто</a> ба асп дилбастагииқавӣ дорад. </p><blockquote style="float:none; padding:3px 15px 3px 15px; border:thin solid #e0e0e0"><div>«Офаридунро пурсидаанд, ки эй малик, чаро бар асп нанишинӣ?» Гуфт: «<i>Тарсам, ки Яздонро шукр ба воҷибе натавонам гузорд</i>»</div><p style="margin:0 2em 0 0; text-align:right">— «Наврӯзнома»-и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%91%D0%BC" title="Умари Хайём">Умари Хайём</a></p></blockquote><p>. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Вожаи_асп"><span id=".D0.92.D0.BE.D0.B6.D0.B0.D0.B8_.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.BF"></span>Вожаи асп</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Вироиши қисмат: Вожаи асп" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Вожаи асп"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Калимаи «асп» як ҷузъи номи ашхоси қадими асотирӣ ва ривоятӣ — <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF" title="Гуштосп">Гуштосп</a>, Таҳмосп, Арҷосп, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF" class="mw-disambig" title="Гаршосп">Гаршосп</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D2%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF" title="Луҳросп">Луҳросп</a>, Озаргушасп, Ҷомосп ва дигарон мебошад. Дар «<a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Шоҳнома">Шоҳнома</a>»-и Фирдавсӣ аз галабонӣ (асппарварӣ) дар байни эрониён ва турониён, наслгирӣ аз аспҳои хушзоти паҳлавонону подшоҳон, масалан, аз <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Рахш (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Рахш</a> (аспи Рустам), Шабранг (аспи Сиёвуш), <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шабдиз (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Шабдиз</a> (аспи Хусрави Парвиз) ва ғайра сухан меравад. Дар «Зардуштнома» омадааст, ки <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82" title="Зардушт">Зардушт</a> пайғамбар будани худро пас аз муолиҷаи аспи шоҳ <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF" title="Гуштосп">Гуштосп</a> собит кард. Аспи шоҳ Гуштосп аз пой монда буд. Зардушт онро муолиҷа кард ва Гуштосп ба ӯ эътиқод овард. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Таърих"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D1.8A.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.85"></span>Таърих</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Вироиши қисмат: Таърих" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Таърих"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Сарнасли асп эогиппус мебошад, ки тақрибан 70 млн сол қабл умр ба сар бурдааст. Ҷуссаи <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эогиппус (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">эогиппус</a> баробари <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%AF%D0%B1%D0%BE%D2%B3" title="Рӯбоҳ">рӯбоҳ</a> буда, пои пешаш 4 ва пои қафояш 3 ангушт дошт. Аспро 10 ҳазор сол муқаддам дар даштҳои моварои <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D3%A3" title="Осиёи Марказӣ">Осиёи Марказӣ</a>, Дон, Днепр ва Сибири Ҷанубӣ ром кардаанд. Алҳол аз аспҳои ёбоӣ фақат <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Аспи Пржевалский">аспи Пржевалский</a> боқӣ мондааст, ки дар даштҳои <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D2%93%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Муғулистон">Муғулистон</a> дучор меояд. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Асппарварии_мардуми_тоҷик"><span id=".D0.90.D1.81.D0.BF.D0.BF.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B2.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.B8_.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B4.D1.83.D0.BC.D0.B8_.D1.82.D0.BE.D2.B7.D0.B8.D0.BA"></span>Асппарварии мардуми тоҷик</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Вироиши қисмат: Асппарварии мардуми тоҷик" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Асппарварии мардуми тоҷик"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ба асппарварӣ аз қадимулайём шуғл доштани тоҷиконро бозёфтҳои ҳафриётӣ ва мусаввараҳои гуногун низ собит менамоянд. Дар бисёр асбобу зарфҳои рӯзгор, ки бостоншиносон пайдо кардаанд, тасвири аспҳо нисбатан бештар вомехӯрад. </p><p>Ниёгони мо оид ба асп, нигоҳубин ва бемориҳои он чандин «Фараснома» таълиф намудаанд. Дар китоби «Одоб-ул-ҳарб ва-ш-шуҷоъа» омадааст, ки «…Асп шинохтан илме шариф аст, чун касе аспро нашиносад, ӯро аз ҷумлаи нодонон шуморанд. Шинохти асп бояд ва шинохти дандони ӯ ва хуҷастагӣ ва иллату айби ӯ дар дандонҳо ва нишонҳо, ки онро бувад, то ба ҳама чизҳо доно ва имом бошад». Яке аз бобҳои китоби мазкур дар бораи муолиҷаи иллати аспон аст. Чунончи, муаллиф қайд мекунад, ки «…Асперо, ки таб гирад, нишон он аст, ки дамақ гирад ва бинӣ паҳн боз кунад ва сар фуруд дорад ва паҳлу бизанад ва дами бинӣ гарм бошад, илоҷаш он аст, ки як рӯз беалаф дорад, дигарон рӯз се ман об ва ду ман мавизи сиёҳ ва бодрӯ ва гашниз ва шоҳтара аз ҳар яке як даста андар дег биҷӯшонад, то он об ба як ман боз ояд, пас биполояд, дар даҳани сутур резад, некӯ шавад». </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Зот_ва_пайдоиши_аспҳои_Шарқи_Қадим"><span id=".D0.97.D0.BE.D1.82_.D0.B2.D0.B0_.D0.BF.D0.B0.D0.B9.D0.B4.D0.BE.D0.B8.D1.88.D0.B8_.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.BF.D2.B3.D0.BE.D0.B8_.D0.A8.D0.B0.D1.80.D2.9B.D0.B8_.D2.9A.D0.B0.D0.B4.D0.B8.D0.BC"></span>Зот ва пайдоиши аспҳои Шарқи Қадим</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Вироиши қисмат: Зот ва пайдоиши аспҳои Шарқи Қадим" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Зот ва пайдоиши аспҳои Шарқи Қадим"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Муайян кардани зот ва пайдоиши аспҳои Шарқи Қадим бинобар вуҷуд надоштани навиштаҷоти марбута душвор аст. Дар бораи аспҳое, ки дар сарзамини кунунии Осиёи Марказӣ (аз ҷумла дар Тоҷикистон) парварда мешуданд, фақат дар асоси омӯзиши қайдҳои сайёҳон, муаррихон, ҷуғрофидонҳо, бостоншиносон, лашкаркашон ва ғайра маълумот гирифтан мумкин аст. Аз рӯйи маълумоти сарчашмаҳои таърихӣ дар Хуталон (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Хатлон">Хатлон</a>) садаи 4 то м. Аспҳои хушзоти зебо парвариш меёфтанд. Шуҳрати аспҳои Хуталон дар солномаҳои садаҳои 9-12-и арабу эрониҳо, ҳамчунин асарҳои Истахрӣ, Муродӣ, Низомӣ, Азрақӣ, <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%B8_%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Закариёи Қазвинӣ">Закариёи Қазвинӣ</a>, Мирзо Абдулқодири Бедил, Иқболи Лоҳурӣ ва дигарон низ қайд шудаанд. Пайдоиши аспҳои хатлӣ қиссаву ривояти бисёр дорад. Масалан, дар солномаи хитойӣ («Таншу» ва «Сайшу») омада, ки аспи хуталонӣ аз аспи «осмонӣ», ки дар яке аз қулла (ё ғор)-ҳои куҳи Тахористон (ки ба Хатлон ҳамсарҳад ва баъзан яке буд) зиндагӣ мекунад, ба вуҷуд омадааст. Модиёнҳои зоти таҳҷоӣ, ки дар атрофи куҳ мечаридаанд, гӯё бо аспи «осмонӣ» ҷуфт шуда, аз он насл ба бор овардаанд. </p><p>Ба аспҳои <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Тахористон">Тахористон</a> нисбат додани пайдоиши аспҳои Хуталон бесабаб нест. Аспҳои Тахористон хеле машҳур буданд. Дар Тахористон аспҳои резаҷусса, вале ниҳоят пурбардошти куҳипарвард, ки масофаи зиёдро паймуда метавонистанд, инчунин зоти аспҳое, ки фақат барои таҳдаштҳо мувофиқ буданд, парварда мешуданд. Баъзе ровиён аспҳои Тахористонро сарнасли ҳамаи аспҳо медонанд. Мувофиқи ривоёти дигар <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Аспи хатлӣ">аспҳои хатлӣ</a> аз аспҳои обӣ падид омадаанд. Ҷуғрофидони арабинависи эронитабор <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B5%D2%B3" title="Ибни Хурдодбеҳ">Ибни Хурдодбеҳ</a> қайд мекунад, ки дар <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Хуталон">Хуталон</a> ҳавзе бо номи Нозкӯл мавҷуд аст. Нозкӯл аспҳои обӣ дорад, ки бо аспҳои подшоҳ (ба кӯл обнӯшӣ меомаданд) даромехта, аспи хатлиро ба вуҷуд овардаанд. Аспҳои Хатлон дар ин асру замон низ мақбул ва марғуби хоссу ом аст". Мадҳу санои аспҳои Хатлонро дар эҷодиёти <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D3%A3" title="Низомии Ганҷавӣ">Низомии Ганҷавӣ</a> низ дучор меоем: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd>Сикандар бар он хинги хатлӣ нишаст,</dd> <dd>Ки чун бод бархост, чун барқ ҷаст.</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Шоири дигаре гуфтааст: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd>На кас бар чунин хинги хатлӣ нишаст,</dd> <dd>На мурғе чунин ояд осон ба даст.</dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Парвариши_асп"><span id=".D0.9F.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B2.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.88.D0.B8_.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.BF"></span>Парвариши асп</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Вироиши қисмат: Парвариши асп" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Парвариши асп"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote">Мақолаи асосӣ: <b><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%A3" title="Асппарварӣ">Асппарварӣ</a></b></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Biandintz_eta_zaldiak_-_modified2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Biandintz_eta_zaldiak_-_modified2.jpg/220px-Biandintz_eta_zaldiak_-_modified2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Biandintz_eta_zaldiak_-_modified2.jpg/330px-Biandintz_eta_zaldiak_-_modified2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Biandintz_eta_zaldiak_-_modified2.jpg/440px-Biandintz_eta_zaldiak_-_modified2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1850" data-file-height="1282" /></a><figcaption>Аспҳо дар чарогоҳ</figcaption></figure> <p>Аспро дар аспхона (ахтахона, саисхона) ва чарогоҳҳо парвариш мекунанд. Барои аспҳои зотӣ дар аспхона хоначаҳои алоҳида месозанд. Дар хоначаҳо барои нарёнҳои наслдеҳи зотӣ 16-20 м<sup>2</sup>,модиёнҳои наслдеҳи зотӣ 18 м<sup>2</sup> ва тойчаҳои тренингӣ то 16 м<sup>2</sup> масоҳат ҷудо бояд кард. Нарёнҳои наслдеҳро тобистон ва зимистон 3-4 соат ба сайру гашт баровардан лозим аст. Барои аспҳои саворӣ ва резачорпо рӯзе 7-15 км гардиш кардан муфид мебошад. Ҳангоми нигоҳубин ва муомилаи нодуруст асп одати бад (масалан, газидан, лагад задан ва ғайра) пайдо мекунад, гирифтори хала, нохуна, сумдард (бештар аз нодуруст наъл кардан), исҳол, зуком ва дигар бемориҳо мешавад. Аспро дар аспрез ва ҷойҳои махсус мавриди озмоиши зотӣ қарор медиҳанд. Асп дар варзиш низ истифода мегардад. Дурагаҳои аз ҷуфтии асп бо хар, аспи Пржевалский ва гӯрхар рӯёнда, маъмулан, бенасл мешаванд. Дар ҷаҳон тақрибан 280 зоти асп мавҷуд аст (2010). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Асппарвариӣ_дар_Тоҷикистон"><span id=".D0.90.D1.81.D0.BF.D0.BF.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B2.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D3.A3_.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.80_.D0.A2.D0.BE.D2.B7.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B8.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.BD"></span>Асппарвариӣ дар Тоҷикистон</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Вироиши қисмат: Асппарвариӣ дар Тоҷикистон" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Асппарвариӣ дар Тоҷикистон"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Аз қадимулайём дар ҳудуди ҳозираи Тоҷикистон вуҷуд доштани асппарвариро табиатшиноси маҷорӣ асп Борнс (1848), олимони рус Н. Бахметев (1870), асп Вилкинс (1875), асп Ф. Миддендорф (1882) В. Базилевский (1907), Д. Н. Логофет (1911), О. Ф. Витт (1952) ва дигарон низ қайд кардаанд. Базилевский аспҳои Осиёи Марказиро ба туркманӣ, қирғизӣ ва қаробоҳирӣ ҷудо мекунад. Ӯ аспҳои Истаравшанро аз ҷумлаи аспҳои қаробоҳирии беҳтарин ном бурдааст. Асппарварӣ дар байни суғдиён низ равнақ дошт. Бино ба ақидаи акад. асп Ф. Миддендорф Искандари Мақдунӣ аспҳои сарзамини суғдиёнро истифода бурда, лашкари савораи бузург ташкил карда буд. Дар ҳудуди имрӯзаи ВМКБ асосан аспҳои бадахширо парвариш мекарданд. Онҳо барои кор дар шароити куҳсор хеле мувофиқ буданд. Сифати аспҳои бадахширо сайёҳ ва нависандаи итолиёӣ <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Марко Поло">Марко Поло</a> (а. 12) дар китобаш қайд кардааст. Д.Логофет аспҳои хонии Бухороро ба 5 навъ ҷудо мекунад: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%80%D3%A3" title="Аспи қаробоҳирӣ">аспҳои бухорӣ ё қаробоҳирӣ</a> (дар водии дарёи Зарафшон, Ҳисор, Шаҳрисабз ва Чирчиқ);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Аспи аҳалтекинӣ">аспҳои туркманӣ ё текинӣ</a> (дар водии дарёи Ому, Қаршӣ ва Қӯрғонтеппа);</li> <li>аспҳои ҳисорӣ (дар водии Ҳисор);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8_%D2%9B%D0%B8%D1%80%D2%93%D0%B8%D0%B7%D3%A3" title="Аспи қирғизӣ">аспҳои қирғизию лақайӣ</a> (дар Кӯлоб, Ҳисор, Балҷувон, Қубодиён ва Қӯрғонтеппа);</li> <li>аспи бухории куҳӣ (дар Яккабоғ, Ҳисор, Қаротегин, Кӯлоб ва Бойсун).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Нигористон"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.B8.D0.B3.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.BD"></span>Нигористон</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Вироиши қисмат: Нигористон" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Нигористон"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Sharik_Al_Sadik_Sarina.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Аспи арабӣ"><img alt="Аспи арабӣ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sharik_Al_Sadik_Sarina.jpg/120px-Sharik_Al_Sadik_Sarina.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sharik_Al_Sadik_Sarina.jpg/180px-Sharik_Al_Sadik_Sarina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sharik_Al_Sadik_Sarina.jpg/240px-Sharik_Al_Sadik_Sarina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="542" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Аспи арабӣ </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Pernod_Al_Ariba_0046b.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Аспи арабӣ"><img alt="Аспи арабӣ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Pernod_Al_Ariba_0046b.jpg/120px-Pernod_Al_Ariba_0046b.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Pernod_Al_Ariba_0046b.jpg/180px-Pernod_Al_Ariba_0046b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Pernod_Al_Ariba_0046b.jpg/240px-Pernod_Al_Ariba_0046b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Аспи арабӣ</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Subject_(horse)_20080420P1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Аспи асили савории англисӣ"><img alt="Аспи асили савории англисӣ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Subject_%28horse%29_20080420P1.jpg/120px-Subject_%28horse%29_20080420P1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Subject_%28horse%29_20080420P1.jpg/180px-Subject_%28horse%29_20080420P1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Subject_%28horse%29_20080420P1.jpg/240px-Subject_%28horse%29_20080420P1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1299" data-file-height="1032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Аспи асили савории англисӣ</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Les_races_chevalines_BHL22833020,_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Аспи қирғизӣ ё лақайӣ"><img alt="Аспи қирғизӣ ё лақайӣ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Les_races_chevalines_BHL22833020%2C_cropped.jpg/120px-Les_races_chevalines_BHL22833020%2C_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Les_races_chevalines_BHL22833020%2C_cropped.jpg/180px-Les_races_chevalines_BHL22833020%2C_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Les_races_chevalines_BHL22833020%2C_cropped.jpg/240px-Les_races_chevalines_BHL22833020%2C_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2425" data-file-height="1769" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Аспи қирғизӣ ё лақайӣ</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Karabakh_stallion_Khan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Аспи қаробоҳирӣ ё бухорӣ"><img alt="Аспи қаробоҳирӣ ё бухорӣ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Karabakh_stallion_Khan.jpg/120px-Karabakh_stallion_Khan.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Karabakh_stallion_Khan.jpg/180px-Karabakh_stallion_Khan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Karabakh_stallion_Khan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="235" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Аспи қаробоҳирӣ ё бухорӣ</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ҳамчунин_нигаред"><span id=".D2.B2.D0.B0.D0.BC.D1.87.D1.83.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BD_.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B4"></span>Ҳамчунин нигаред</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Вироиши қисмат: Ҳамчунин нигаред" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Ҳамчунин нигаред"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Аспи асили савории англисӣ">Аспи асили савории англисӣ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D3%A3" title="Аспи арабӣ">Аспи арабӣ</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Инҷоро_ҳам_бингаред"><span id=".D0.98.D0.BD.D2.B7.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BE_.D2.B3.D0.B0.D0.BC_.D0.B1.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B4"></span>Инҷоро ҳам бингаред</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Вироиши қисмат: Инҷоро ҳам бингаред" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Инҷоро ҳам бингаред"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="infobox sisterproject"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/68px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/90px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption> </figcaption></figure> <div style="margin-left: 60px;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Викианбор">Викианбор</a> маводҳои вобаста ба мавзӯи <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Асп">Асп</a></b></i> дорад</div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Адабиёт"><span id=".D0.90.D0.B4.D0.B0.D0.B1.D0.B8.D1.91.D1.82"></span>Адабиёт</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Вироиши қисмат: Адабиёт" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Адабиёт"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Мамин Н. О. <i>Происхождение и формирование конских пород Средней Азии и Таджикистана // Тезисы докл. ТСХИ. </i>Душанбе, 1979;</li> <li>Мамин Н. О. <i>Современное состояние группы таджикских лошадей // Труды ТСХИ</i>. Ҷ. 44. Душанбе, 1983;</li> <li>Свечин К. Б. (ва дигарон) <i>Коневодство</i>. Москва, 1984</li> <li>Мамин Н. О., Шоев С. Х. <i>Рабочие качества Таджикской группы. Повышение продуктивности животноводства в Таджикистане // Труды ТСХИ</i>. Душанбе, 1985;</li> <li>Камбегов Б. Д. (ва дигарон) <i>Лошади России: полная энциклопедия.</i> Москва, 2002.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Сарчашма"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.87.D0.B0.D1.88.D0.BC.D0.B0"></span>Сарчашма</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Вироиши қисмат: Сарчашма" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>вироиш</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Сарчашма"><span>вироиши манбаъ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFЭМТ2013">Асп // Асос — Боз. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default" title="Душанбе">Д</span>. : <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Сарредаксияи илмии Энсиклопедияи Миллии Тоҷик">СИЭМТ</a>, 2013. — (<a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D2%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Энсиклопедияи Миллии Тоҷик">Энсиклопедияи Миллии Тоҷик</a> : <span class="nowrap">[<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1232970">.mw-parser-output .ts-comment-commentedText{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}@media(hover:none){.mw-parser-output .ts-comment-commentedText:not(.rt-commentedText){border-bottom:0;cursor:auto}}</style><span class="ts-comment-commentedText" title="То ҳол 11 ҷилд чоп шудааст, нашр идома дорад.">тахм. 25 ҷ.</span>]</span> / <span class="nowrap"> сармуҳаррир <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%88%D0%BE%D2%B3%D3%A3" title="Нурмуҳаммад Амиршоҳӣ">Н. Амиршоҳӣ</a></span> ; 2011—2023, ҷ. 2). — <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D2%B3%D0%BE/9789994733524" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-99947-33-52-4</a>.</span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Баргирифта аз "<a dir="ltr" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Асп&oldid=1318685">https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Асп&oldid=1318685</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0:%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Вижа:Гурӯҳҳо">Гурӯҳҳо</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%82%D3%A3_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гурӯҳ:Википедия:Мақолаҳои зистшинохтӣ бидуни таксошаблон (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Википедия:Мақолаҳои зистшинохтӣ бидуни таксошаблон</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D1%80%D3%AF%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B1%D0%BE" title="Гурӯҳ:Ҷонварон аз рӯи алифбо">Ҷонварон аз рӯи алифбо</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7_ITIS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гурӯҳ:Биологические статьи без ITIS (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Биологические статьи без ITIS</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7_NCBI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гурӯҳ:Биологические статьи без NCBI (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Биологические статьи без NCBI</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7_EOL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гурӯҳ:Биологические статьи без EOL (саҳифа вуҷуд надорад)">Биологические статьи без EOL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF%D2%B3%D0%BE" title="Гурӯҳ:Аспҳо">Аспҳо</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Гурӯҳҳои пинҳон: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B5,_%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%AD%D0%9C%D0%A2_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%88%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Гурӯҳ:Мақолаҳое, ки бар асоси маводи ЭМТ навишта шудаанд">Мақолаҳое, ки бар асоси маводи ЭМТ навишта шудаанд</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D3%AF%D2%B3:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B5%D2%B3%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8_ISBN" title="Гурӯҳ:Саҳифаҳои дорои пайванди сеҳрноки ISBN">Саҳифаҳои дорои пайванди сеҳрноки ISBN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ин саҳифаро бори охир дар 3 ноябри 2022, 08:20 вироиш карда буданд.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Матн зери иҷозатномаи <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> дастрас мебошад, дигар иҷозатномаҳои иловагӣ низ ба кор бурда мешаванд. Ниг. <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Қоидаҳои истифодаро</a> барои маълумоти бештар.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Сиёсати ҳифзи асрор</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0:%D0%9E%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D3%A3_%D0%B1%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0">Дар бораи Википедиа</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B8%D2%B3%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D3%A3">Такзибнома</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Таҳиягарон</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/tg.wikipedia.org">Омор</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Созишномаи куки</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//tg.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Намуди мобилӣ</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-65496f48b4-8zgcj","wgBackendResponseTime":213,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.291","walltime":"0.411","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2465,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":25536,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8028,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":5444,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":8,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 365.838 1 -total"," 73.16% 267.660 1 Шаблон:Таксон"," 61.06% 223.364 1 Шаблон:Қуттӣ"," 48.24% 176.471 24 Шаблон:Wikidata"," 15.77% 57.690 1 Шаблон:ЭМТ"," 14.91% 54.538 1 Шаблон:Нашр"," 12.92% 47.275 8 Шаблон:If-wikidata"," 5.79% 21.190 4 Шаблон:Таксон/Ранг"," 4.78% 17.486 4 Шаблон:Ранг"," 4.54% 16.602 1 Шаблон:Нашр/силсила"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.145","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5540433,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"Loaded datatype string of P225 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype string of P225 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype string of P225 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype string of P935 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype string of P935 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype string of P935 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype string of P935 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype string of P935 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype external-id of P815 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype external-id of P685 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype external-id of P830 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype external-id of P962 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype external-id of P842 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype string of P935 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype external-id of P815 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype external-id of P685 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype external-id of P830 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype string of P225 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\nLoaded datatype string of P225 from wikidata, consider passing datatype argument to formatProperty call or to Wikidata/config\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-8d7444bdb-bvrtp","timestamp":"20241121044615","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u0410\u0441\u043f","url":"https:\/\/tg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q726","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q726","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-07-17T14:41:09Z","dateModified":"2022-11-03T08:20:20Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f8\/Pernod_Al_Ariba_0046b.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>