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Status of Armenian cultural monuments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Status_of_Armenian_cultural_monuments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ongoing_genocide_risk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ongoing_genocide_risk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Ongoing genocide risk </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ongoing_genocide_risk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Russia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Georgia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Georgia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Georgia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Georgia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Since_the_1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Since the 1990s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Since_the_1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Israel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Daesh </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Others </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Others-sublist" 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href="#East_Turkestan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 East Turkestan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Turkestan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" > 17 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86" title="معاداة الأرمن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معاداة الأرمن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiarmenismu" title="Antiarmenismu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Antiarmenismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erm%C9%99nifobiya" title="Ermənifobiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ermənifobiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Армянафобія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Армянафобія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Арменофобия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Арменофобия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenierfeindlichkeit" title="Armenierfeindlichkeit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Armenierfeindlichkeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiarmenismo" title="Antiarmenismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Antiarmenismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontra%C5%ADarmenismo" title="Kontraŭarmenismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kontraŭarmenismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="ارمنی‌ستیزی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ارمنی‌ستیزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B5%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հայատյացություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հայատյացություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99-%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="אנטי-ארמניזם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנטי-ארמניזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ანტისომხური განწყობა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანტისომხური განწყობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Антиерменски чувства – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Антиерменски чувства" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armanistonga_qarshi_kayfiyat" title="Armanistonga qarshi kayfiyat – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Armanistonga qarshi kayfiyat" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Армянофобия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Армянофобия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment" title="Anti-Armenian sentiment – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Anti-Armenian sentiment" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermeni_kar%C5%9F%C4%B1tl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Ermeni karşıtlığı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ermeni karşıtlığı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2996568#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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(February 2022)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HamidianSassounmassacres.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/HamidianSassounmassacres.jpg/250px-HamidianSassounmassacres.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/HamidianSassounmassacres.jpg/375px-HamidianSassounmassacres.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/HamidianSassounmassacres.jpg/500px-HamidianSassounmassacres.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2475" data-file-height="1656" /></a><figcaption>Sketch by an eyewitness of the <a href="/wiki/Hamidian_massacres" title="Hamidian massacres">massacre of Armenians</a> in Sasun in 1894</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output 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style="background:#ffdd99;p">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Discrimination" title="Category:Discrimination">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; background:#ffdd99;"><a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">Discrimination</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.5em 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Emojione_1F6AB.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/70px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/105px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/140px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div 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#aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Attributes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ageism" title="Ageism">Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">Caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_discrimination" title="Class discrimination">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialect_discrimination" title="Dialect discrimination">Dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ableism" title="Ableism">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_discrimination" title="Genetic discrimination">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_hair_texture" title="Discrimination based on hair texture">Hair texture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Height_discrimination" title="Height discrimination">Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_discrimination" title="Linguistic discrimination">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookism" title="Lookism">Looks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanism" title="Sanism">Mental disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Race / Ethnicity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_skin_tone" title="Discrimination based on skin tone">Skin color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankism" title="Rankism">Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_discrimination" title="Sexual orientation discrimination">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizeism" title="Sizeism">Size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewpoint_discrimination" title="Viewpoint discrimination">Viewpoint</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Social</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arophobia">Arophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_asexual_people" title="Discrimination against asexual people">Acephobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adultism" title="Adultism">Adultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_people_with_albinism" title="Persecution of people with albinism">Anti-albinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_autistic_people" title="Discrimination against autistic people">Anti-autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_homeless_people" title="Discrimination against homeless people">Anti-homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_drug_addicts" title="Discrimination against drug addicts">Anti-drug addicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_intersex_people" title="Discrimination against intersex people">Anti-intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias_against_left-handed_people" title="Bias against left-handed people">Anti-left handedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aporophobia" title="Aporophobia">Aporophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audism" title="Audism">Audism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphobia" title="Biphobia">Biphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clannism" class="mw-redirect" title="Clannism">Clannism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephebiphobia" title="Ephebiphobia">Ephebiphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health" title="Social determinants of health">Social determinants of health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health_in_poverty" title="Social determinants of health in poverty">Social determinants of health in poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_mental_health" title="Social determinants of mental health">Social determinants of mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_of_obesity" title="Social stigma of obesity">Fatphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_gay_men" title="Discrimination against gay men">Gayphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontophobia" title="Gerontophobia">Gerontophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexism" title="Heterosexism">Heterosexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS" title="Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprosy_stigma" title="Leprosy stigma">Leprosy stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbophobia">Lesbophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_men" title="Discrimination against men">Discrimination against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">Misandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">Nepotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_children" title="Fear of children">Pedophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_foreigner" title="Perpetual foreigner">Perpetual foreigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_discrimination" title="Pregnancy discrimination">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">Sectarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supremacism" title="Supremacism">Supremacism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Male</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Non-binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Trans men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Religious</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_atheists" title="Discrimination against atheists">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusivism#Religious_exclusivism" title="Exclusivism">Exclusivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">LDS or Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Christianity" title="Persecution of Orthodox Tewahedo Christianity">Tewahedo Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">post–Cold War era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">Untouchability</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Sunnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_minority_Muslim_groups" title="Persecution of minority Muslim groups">minority Muslim</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_modern_pagans" title="Religious discrimination against modern pagans">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sikh_sentiment" title="Anti-Sikh sentiment">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Yazidis" title="Persecution of Yazidis">Yazidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Ethnic/<a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_nationality" title="Discrimination based on nationality">national</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Afghan_sentiment" title="Anti-Afghan sentiment">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-African_sentiment" title="Anti-African sentiment">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Albanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Albanian sentiment">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Arab_racism" title="Anti-Arab racism">Arab</a></li> <li>Armenian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Asians" title="Racism against Asians">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_France" title="Anti-Asian racism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_post-Apartheid_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in post-Apartheid South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Assyrian_sentiment" title="Anti-Assyrian sentiment">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Azerbaijani_sentiment" title="Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negrophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Negrophobia">Black people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_discrimination_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black discrimination in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_racism_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black racism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bengali_sentiment_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Bengali sentiment in India">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_the_Protection_of_Macedonian_National_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Law for the Protection of Macedonian National Honor">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catalan_sentiment" title="Anti-Catalan sentiment">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chechen_sentiment" title="Anti-Chechen sentiment">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Colombian_sentiment" title="Anti-Colombian sentiment">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Croat_sentiment" title="Anti-Croat sentiment">Croat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Filipino_sentiment" title="Anti-Filipino sentiment">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fulani_sentiment" title="Anti-Fulani sentiment">Fulani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Finnish_sentiment" title="Anti-Finnish sentiment">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Georgian_sentiment" title="Anti-Georgian sentiment">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Greek_sentiment" title="Anti-Greek sentiment">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antihaitianismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Antihaitianismo">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hazaras" title="Persecution of Hazaras">Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hungarian_sentiment" title="Anti-Hungarian sentiment">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Igbo_sentiment" title="Anti-Igbo sentiment">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Indian_sentiment" title="Anti-Indian sentiment">Indian</a></li> <li>Indigenous people <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Irish_sentiment" title="Anti-Irish sentiment">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Italianism" title="Anti-Italianism">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment">Japanese</a></li> <li>Jewish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Kurdish_sentiment" title="Anti-Kurdish sentiment">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Lithuanian sentiment">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Malay_sentiment" title="Anti-Malay sentiment">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-M%C4%81ori_sentiment" title="Anti-Māori sentiment">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti%E2%80%93Middle_Eastern_sentiment" title="Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mongolianism" title="Anti-Mongolianism">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Nigerian_sentiment" title="Anti-Nigerian sentiment">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pakistan_sentiment" title="Anti-Pakistan sentiment">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pashtun_sentiment" title="Anti-Pashtun sentiment">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment" title="Anti-Polish sentiment">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Quebec_sentiment" title="Anti-Quebec sentiment">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment" title="Anti-Romani sentiment">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Romanian sentiment">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Scottish_sentiment" title="Anti-Scottish sentiment">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_sentiment" title="Anti-Serb sentiment">Serb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Somali_sentiment" title="Anti-Somali sentiment">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarophobia" title="Tatarophobia">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Thai_sentiment" title="Anti-Thai sentiment">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Turkish_sentiment" title="Anti-Turkish sentiment">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Uyghur_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Uyghur sentiment">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_xenophobia_during_the_Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="List of incidents of xenophobia during the Venezuelan refugee crisis">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vietnamese_sentiment" title="Anti-Vietnamese sentiment">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Welsh_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Welsh sentiment">Welsh</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Manifestations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_anti-LGBTQ_hate_groups" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBTQ hate groups">SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States" title="2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States">Anti-LGBTQ movemenet in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-trans movement in the UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">Bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-jihad" title="Counter-jihad">Counter-jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">Cultural genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democide" title="Democide">Democide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_hate_crime" title="Disability hate crime">Disability hate crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_whistle_(politics)" title="Dog whistle (politics)">Dog whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domicide" title="Domicide">Domicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_discrimination" title="Economic discrimination">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_education" title="Discrimination in education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_discrimination" title="Employment discrimination">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationism" title="Eliminationism">Eliminationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_people" title="Enemy of the people">Enemy of the people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">Ethnic conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_hatred" title="Ethnic hatred">Ethnic hatred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_joke" title="Ethnic joke">Ethnic joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocide" title="Ethnocide">Ethnocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_of_excellence" title="Discrimination of excellence">Excellence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-based_dress_codes" title="Gender-based dress codes">Gender-based dress codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetics_policy" title="Cosmetics policy">Cosmetics policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_heel_policy" title="High heel policy">High heel policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion" title="Forced conversion">Forced conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freak_show" title="Freak show">Freak show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">Gay bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendercide" title="Gendercide">Gendercide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_modification_and_mutilation" title="Genital modification and mutilation">Genital modification and mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history" title="Genocides in history">examples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_ceiling" title="Glass ceiling">Glass ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Violence against LGBTQ people">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_group" title="Hate group">Hate group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">Hate speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patient_dumping" title="Patient dumping">Homeless dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_discrimination" title="Housing discrimination">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rolling" title="Indian rolling">Indian rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_Haole_Day" title="Kill Haole Day">Kill Haole Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_scare" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender scare">Lavender scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_grooming_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory">LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender" title="List of people killed for being transgender">List of people killed for being transgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_discrimination" title="Mortgage discrimination">Mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Murder_Music" title="Stop Murder Music">Murder music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_mascot_controversy" title="Native American mascot controversy">Native American mascots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_segregation" title="Occupational segregation">Occupational segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Opposition to immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_genocide" title="Paper genocide">Paper genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_repression" title="Political repression">Political repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purge" title="Purge">Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racialization" title="Racialization">Racialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Religious persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Religious terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">Religious war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">Scapegoating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segregation_academy" title="Segregation academy">Segregation academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-selective_abortion" title="Sex-selective abortion">Sex-selective abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slut-shaming" title="Slut-shaming">Slut-shaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Trans bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimisation" title="Victimisation">Victimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">White flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife_selling" title="Wife selling">Wife selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_hunt" title="Witch hunt">Witch hunt</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Policies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_candidacy" title="Age of candidacy">Age of candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limpieza_de_sangre" title="Limpieza de sangre">Blood purity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws" title="Blood quantum laws">Blood quantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_of_apartheid" title="Crime of apartheid">Crime of apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">Disabilities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disabilities_(Catholics)" title="Disabilities (Catholics)">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_disabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish disabilities">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_pay_gap" title="Gender pay gap">Gender pay gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy">Gerontocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_benches" title="Ghetto benches">Ghetto benches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">Internment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quota" title="Jewish quota">Jewish quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_Protection_of_the_Nation" title="Law for Protection of the Nation">Law for Protection of the Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_opposition" title="LGBTQ rights opposition">LGBTQ rights opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_donation_restrictions_on_men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Blood donation restrictions on men who have sex with men">MSM blood donation restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_kid_zone" title="No kid zone">No kid zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerus_clausus" title="Numerus clausus">Numerus clausus (as religious or racial quota)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-drop_rule" title="One-drop rule">One-drop rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_quota" title="Racial quota">Racial quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_steering" title="Racial steering">Racial steering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">Redlining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_segregation" title="Geographical segregation">Segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_segregation" title="Age segregation">age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_segregation" title="Sex segregation">sexual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodomy_law" title="Sodomy law">Sodomy law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugly_law" title="Ugly law">Ugly law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_suppression" title="Voter suppression">Voter suppression</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Countermeasures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-discrimination_law" title="Anti-discrimination law">Anti-discrimination law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">Anti-racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_colorblindness" title="Constitutional colorblindness">Constitutional colorblindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">Cultural assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_pluralism" title="Cultural pluralism">Cultural pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">Diversity, equity, and inclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_training" title="Diversity training">Diversity training</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empowerment" title="Empowerment">Empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_acceptance_movement" title="Fat acceptance movement">Fat acceptance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_Discrimination" title="Fighting Discrimination">Fighting Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech_laws_by_country" title="Hate speech laws by country">Hate speech laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">Racial integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reappropriation" title="Reappropriation">Reappropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">Social integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allophilia" title="Allophilia">Allophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatonormativity" title="Amatonormativity">Amatonormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias" title="Bias">Bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisnormativity" title="Cisnormativity">Cisnormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumanization" title="Dehumanization">Dehumanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_(politics)" title="Diversity (politics)">Diversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurodiversity" title="Neurodiversity">Neurodiversity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_penalty" title="Ethnic penalty">Ethnic penalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figleaf_(linguistics)" title="Figleaf (linguistics)">Figleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-blind" title="Gender-blind">Gender-blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">Heteronormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_eugenics" title="History of eugenics">Historical eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_oppression" title="Internalized oppression">Internalized oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculism" title="Masculism">Masculism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_disability" title="Medical model of disability">Medical model of disability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_autism" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical model of autism">autism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_bias" title="Net bias">Net bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oikophobia" title="Oikophobia">Oikophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppression" title="Oppression">Oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">Police brutality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">Political correctness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyculturalism" title="Polyculturalism">Polyculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_distance" title="Power distance">Power distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">Prejudice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_abuse" title="Prisoner abuse">Prisoner abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States" title="Racial bias in criminal news in the United States">Racial bias in criminal news in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_by_country" title="Racism by country">Racism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_color_blindness" title="Racial color blindness">Racial color blindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_intolerance" title="Religious intolerance">Religious intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_discrimination" title="Reverse discrimination">Reverse discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_racism" title="Reverse racism">Reverse racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-generation_gender_bias" title="Second-generation gender bias">Second-generation gender bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snob" title="Snob">Snobbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_identity_threat" title="Social identity threat">Social identity threat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_model_of_disability" title="Social model of disability">Social model of disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_privilege" title="Social privilege">Social privilege</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_privilege" title="Christian privilege">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_privilege" title="Male privilege">male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_privilege" title="White privilege">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">Social stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">Stereotype</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype_threat" title="Stereotype threat">threat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_talk_(racism_in_the_United_States)" title="The talk (racism in the United States)">The talk</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Discrimination_sidebar" title="Template:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Discrimination_sidebar" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table>Anti-Armenian sentiment, also known as anti-Armenianism and Armenophobia, is a diverse spectrum of negative feelings, dislikes, fears, aversion, <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racism</a>, derision and/or <a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">prejudice</a> towards <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Armenia" title="Culture of Armenia">Armenian culture</a>. Historically, anti-Armenianism has manifested itself in several ways, ranging from expressions of <a href="/wiki/Hatred" title="Hatred">hatred</a> or of <a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">discrimination</a> against individual Armenians to <a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_of_Armenians" title="List of massacres of Armenians">organized pogroms by mobs or state-sanctioned genocide</a>. Notable instances of persecution include the <a href="/wiki/Hamidian_massacres" title="Hamidian massacres">Hamidean massacres</a> (1894-1897), the <a href="/wiki/Adana_massacre" title="Adana massacre">Adana massacre</a> (1909), the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a> (1915), the <a href="/wiki/Sumgait_pogrom" title="Sumgait pogrom">Sumgait pogrom</a> (1988), and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Ring" title="Operation Ring">Operation Ring</a> (1991). Modern anti-Armenianism frequently consists of expressions of opposition to the actions or existence of <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">an Armenian state</a>, aggressive <a href="/wiki/Denial_of_the_Armenian_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Denial of the Armenian genocide">denial of the Armenian genocide</a> or belief in an Armenian <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">conspiracy</a> to fabricate history and manipulate public and political opinion for political gain.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Anti-Armenianism has also manifested as <a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_killing" title="Extrajudicial killing">extrajudicial killing</a> or intimidation of people of Armenian heritage and destruction of cultural monuments. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Turkey">Turkey</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Armenian_sentiment&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Turkey">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg/250px-Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg/375px-Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg/500px-Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3999" data-file-height="2731" /></a><figcaption>Of this photo, the United States ambassador wrote, "Scenes like this were common throughout the Armenian provinces, in the spring and summer months of 1915. Death in its several forms—massacre, <a href="/wiki/Starvation" title="Starvation">starvation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fatigue_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatigue (medical)">exhaustion</a>—destroyed the larger part of the <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugees</a>. The Turkish policy was that of <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">extermination</a> under the guise of <a href="/wiki/Deportation" title="Deportation">deportation</a>."</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment_in_Turkey" title="Anti-Armenian sentiment in Turkey">Anti-Armenian sentiment in Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide_recognition#Position_of_Turkey" title="Armenian genocide recognition">Armenian genocide recognition § Position of Turkey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Armenia–Turkey relations">Armenia–Turkey relations</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armenian_genocide_and_its_denial">Armenian genocide and its denial</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Armenian_sentiment&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Armenian genocide and its denial">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide_denial" title="Armenian genocide denial">Armenian genocide denial</a></div> Although it was possible for Armenians to achieve status and wealth in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, as a community they were never accorded more than "second-class citizen" status and were regarded as fundamentally alien to the Muslim character of Ottoman society.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> In 1895, revolts among the Armenian subjects of the Ottoman Empire in pursuit of equal treatment led to <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_II" title="Abdul Hamid II">Sultan Abdül Hamid</a>'s decision to massacre tens of thousands of Armenians in the <a href="/wiki/Hamidian_massacres" title="Hamidian massacres">Hamidian massacres</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hamidia-3">[3]</a> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the Ottoman government massacred between 1.2 and 1.8 million Armenians in the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The Turkish government continues to aggressively deny the Armenian genocide. This position has been criticized in a letter from the <a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Genocide_Scholars" title="International Association of Genocide Scholars">International Association of Genocide Scholars</a> to – then Turkish <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Prime Minister</a>, now <a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">President</a> – <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Contemporary">Contemporary</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Armenian_sentiment&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Contemporary">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cenk_Sara%C3%A7o%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cenk Saraçoğlu (page does not exist)">Cenk Saraçoğlu</a> argues that anti-Armenian attitudes in Turkey "are no longer constructed and shaped by social interactions between the 'ordinary people' ... Rather, the Turkish media and state promote and disseminate an overtly anti-Armenian discourse."<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> According to a 2011 survey in Turkey, 73.9% of respondents admitted having unfavorable views toward Armenians. The survey showed an unfavorable stance toward Armenians was "relatively more widespread among those participants with lower levels of education and socioeconomic status."<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Minority_Rights_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority Rights Group">Minority Rights Group</a>, while the government recognizes Armenians as a minority group, as used in Turkey this term denotes second-class status.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:22%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> The new generations are being taught to see Armenians not as human, but [as] an entity to be despised and destroyed, the worst enemy. And the school curriculum adds fuel to the existing fires. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">- Turkish lawyer <a href="/wiki/Fethiye_%C3%87etin" title="Fethiye Çetin">Fethiye Çetin</a><a href="#cite_note-monitor-12">[12]</a></cite> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ogunsamastflag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5e/Ogunsamastflag.jpg/220px-Ogunsamastflag.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5e/Ogunsamastflag.jpg/330px-Ogunsamastflag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5e/Ogunsamastflag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="258" /></a><figcaption>Shortly after <a href="/wiki/Hrant_Dink" title="Hrant Dink">Hrant Dink</a> was murdered, the assassin was honored as a hero while in police custody, posing with a Turkish flag with policemen.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Hrant_Dink" title="Hrant Dink">Hrant Dink</a>, the editor of the weekly bilingual newspaper <a href="/wiki/Agos" title="Agos">Agos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Hrant_Dink" title="Assassination of Hrant Dink">was assassinated</a> in Istanbul on January 19, 2007, by Ogün Samast, who was reportedly acting on the orders of <a href="/wiki/Yasin_Hayal" title="Yasin Hayal">Yasin Hayal</a>, a militant Turkish ultra-nationalist.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> For his statements on Armenian identity and the Armenian genocide, Dink had been prosecuted three times under <a href="/wiki/Article_301_(Turkish_Penal_Code)" title="Article 301 (Turkish Penal Code)">Article 301</a> of the Turkish Penal Code for "insulting Turkishness".<a href="#cite_note-CPJ06SP-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-IPI070122-18">[18]</a> (The law was later amended by the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish parliament">Turkish parliament</a>, changing "Turkishness" to "Turkish Nation" and making it more difficult to prosecute individuals for the said offense.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a>) Dink had also received numerous death threats from Turkish nationalists who viewed his "iconoclastic" journalism (particularly regarding the Armenian genocide) as an act of treachery.<a href="#cite_note-CPJ070119quote-20">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0brahim_%C5%9Eahin" title="İbrahim Şahin">İbrahim Şahin</a> and 36 other alleged members of the Turkish ultra-nationalist <a href="/wiki/Ergenekon_(organization)" title="Ergenekon (organization)">Ergenekon</a> group were arrested in January, 2009 in <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>. The Turkish police said the roundup was triggered by orders Şahin gave to assassinate 12 Armenian community leaders in <a href="/wiki/Sivas" title="Sivas">Sivas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> According to the official investigation in Turkey, Ergenekon also had a role in the murder of Hrant Dink.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> In 2002, a monument was erected in memory of Turkish-Armenian composer <a href="/wiki/Onno_Tun%C3%A7" title="Onno Tunç">Onno Tunç</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yalova" title="Yalova">Yalova</a>, Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The monument to the composer of Armenian origin was subjected to much vandalism over the course of the years, in which unidentified people had taken out the letters on the monument. In 2012 Yalova Municipal Assembly decided to remove the monument. Bilgin Koçal, the former mayor of Yalova, informed the public that the memorial had been destroyed by time and that it would shortly be replaced with a new one in the memory of Tunç.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> On the other hand, a similar memorial stays in place at the village of <a href="/wiki/Armutlu,_Yalova" title="Armutlu, Yalova">Selimiye</a>, where an aircraft had crashed; and the people in the village of 187 expressed their protest about the vandalism claims regarding the memorial in Yalova, adding that they paid from their own funds to keep up the maintenance of the monument in their village against the wearing effect of natural causes.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hate_speech_in_Turkish_news_outlets.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Hate_speech_in_Turkish_news_outlets.jpg/350px-Hate_speech_in_Turkish_news_outlets.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Hate_speech_in_Turkish_news_outlets.jpg/525px-Hate_speech_in_Turkish_news_outlets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Hate_speech_in_Turkish_news_outlets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="515" /></a><figcaption>Accounts of hate speech towards targeted groups in Turkish news outlets with Armenians shown as being targeted the most according to a January–April 2014 Media Watch on Hate Speech and Discriminatory Language Report<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Sevag_Balikci" class="mw-redirect" title="Sevag Balikci">Sevag Balikci</a>, a Turkish soldier of Armenian descent, was shot dead on April 24, 2011, the day of the commemoration of the Armenian genocide during his military service in <a href="/wiki/Batman,_Turkey" title="Batman, Turkey">Batman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> It was later discovered that killer Kıvanç Ağaoğlu was an ultra-nationalist.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Through his <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> profile, it was uncovered that he was a sympathizer of nationalist politician <a href="/wiki/Muhsin_Yaz%C4%B1c%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu" title="Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu">Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu</a> and Turkish agent / contract killer <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_%C3%87atl%C4%B1" title="Abdullah Çatlı">Abdullah Çatlı</a>, who himself had a history of anti-Armenian activity, such as the <a href="/wiki/Alfortville_Armenian_Genocide_Memorial_Bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfortville Armenian Genocide Memorial Bombing">Armenian Genocide Memorial bombing</a> in a Paris suburb in 1984.<a href="#cite_note-Halavurt:_Sevag_24_Nisan'da_Planlı_Şekilde_Öldürülmüş_Olabilir-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-What_Happened_to_Sevag_Balikci?-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sevag'ın_Ölümünde_Şüpheler_Artıyor-34">[34]</a> His Facebook profile also showed that he was a <a href="/wiki/Great_Union_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Union Party">Great Union Party</a> (BBP) sympathizer, a far-right nationalist party in Turkey.<a href="#cite_note-Halavurt:_Sevag_24_Nisan'da_Planlı_Şekilde_Öldürülmüş_Olabilir-32">[32]</a> Testimony given by Sevag Balıkçı's fiancée stated that he was subjected to psychological pressure at the military compound.<a href="#cite_note-Fiancé_of_Armenian_soldier_killed_in_Turkish_army_testifies_before_court-35">[35]</a> She was told by Sevag over the phone that he feared for his life because a certain military serviceman threatened him by saying, "If war were to happen with Armenia, you would be the first person I would kill."<a href="#cite_note-Fiancé_of_Armenian_soldier_killed_in_Turkish_army_testifies_before_court-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nişanlıdan_'Ermenilerle_savaşırsak_ilk_seni_öldürürüm'_iddiası-36">[36]</a> On February 26, 2012, on the anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Khojaly_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Khojaly Massacre">Khojaly Massacre</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ats%C4%B1z_Youth" title="Atsız Youth">Atsız Youth</a> led <a href="/wiki/2012_Istanbul_rally_to_commemorate_the_Khojaly_massacre" title="2012 Istanbul rally to commemorate the Khojaly massacre">a demonstration</a> in Istanbul which contained hate speech and threats towards <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armenian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian people">Armenians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Azeris_mark_20th_anniversary_of_Khojaly_Massacre_in_Istanbul-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-Inciting_Hatred:_Turkish_Protesters_Call_Armenians_'Bastards'-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-Khojaly_Massacre_Protests_gone_wrong_in_Istanbul:_'_You_are_all_Armenian,_you_are_all_bastards_'-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-Protests_in_Istanbul:_"You_are_all_Armenian,_you_are_all_bastards"-40">[40]</a> Chants and slogans during the demonstration include: "You are all Armenian, you are all bastards", "bastards of Hrant [Dink] can not scare us", and "<a href="/wiki/Taksim_Square" title="Taksim Square">Taksim Square</a> today, <a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a> Tomorrow: We will descend upon you suddenly in the night."<a href="#cite_note-Azeris_mark_20th_anniversary_of_Khojaly_Massacre_in_Istanbul-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-Inciting_Hatred:_Turkish_Protesters_Call_Armenians_'Bastards'-38">[38]</a> In 2012 the ultra-nationalist ASIM-DER group (founded in 2002) had targeted Armenian schools, churches, foundations and individuals in Turkey as part of an anti-Armenian hate campaign.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Armenian_sentiment&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Azerbaijan">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment_in_Azerbaijan" title="Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan">Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_relations" title="Armenia–Azerbaijan relations">Armenia–Azerbaijan relations</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:468px;max-width:468px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:232px;max-width:232px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:%C4%B0lham_%C6%8Fliyev_Bak%C4%B1da_H%C9%99rbi_Q%C9%99nim%C9%99tl%C9%99r_Park%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_a%C3%A7%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1nda_(23).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/%C4%B0lham_%C6%8Fliyev_Bak%C4%B1da_H%C9%99rbi_Q%C9%99nim%C9%99tl%C9%99r_Park%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_a%C3%A7%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1nda_%2823%29.jpg/230px-%C4%B0lham_%C6%8Fliyev_Bak%C4%B1da_H%C9%99rbi_Q%C9%99nim%C9%99tl%C9%99r_Park%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_a%C3%A7%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1nda_%2823%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/%C4%B0lham_%C6%8Fliyev_Bak%C4%B1da_H%C9%99rbi_Q%C9%99nim%C9%99tl%C9%99r_Park%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_a%C3%A7%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1nda_%2823%29.jpg/345px-%C4%B0lham_%C6%8Fliyev_Bak%C4%B1da_H%C9%99rbi_Q%C9%99nim%C9%99tl%C9%99r_Park%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_a%C3%A7%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1nda_%2823%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/%C4%B0lham_%C6%8Fliyev_Bak%C4%B1da_H%C9%99rbi_Q%C9%99nim%C9%99tl%C9%99r_Park%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_a%C3%A7%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1nda_%2823%29.jpg/460px-%C4%B0lham_%C6%8Fliyev_Bak%C4%B1da_H%C9%99rbi_Q%C9%99nim%C9%99tl%C9%99r_Park%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_a%C3%A7%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1nda_%2823%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1938" data-file-height="1292" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:232px;max-width:232px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:%C4%B0lham_%C6%8Fliyev_Bak%C4%B1da_H%C9%99rbi_Q%C9%99nim%C9%99tl%C9%99r_Park%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_a%C3%A7%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1nda_(72).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/%C4%B0lham_%C6%8Fliyev_Bak%C4%B1da_H%C9%99rbi_Q%C9%99nim%C9%99tl%C9%99r_Park%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_a%C3%A7%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1nda_%2872%29.jpg/230px-%C4%B0lham_%C6%8Fliyev_Bak%C4%B1da_H%C9%99rbi_Q%C9%99nim%C9%99tl%C9%99r_Park%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_a%C3%A7%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1nda_%2872%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/%C4%B0lham_%C6%8Fliyev_Bak%C4%B1da_H%C9%99rbi_Q%C9%99nim%C9%99tl%C9%99r_Park%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_a%C3%A7%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1nda_%2872%29.jpg/345px-%C4%B0lham_%C6%8Fliyev_Bak%C4%B1da_H%C9%99rbi_Q%C9%99nim%C9%99tl%C9%99r_Park%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_a%C3%A7%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1nda_%2872%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/%C4%B0lham_%C6%8Fliyev_Bak%C4%B1da_H%C9%99rbi_Q%C9%99nim%C9%99tl%C9%99r_Park%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_a%C3%A7%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1nda_%2872%29.jpg/460px-%C4%B0lham_%C6%8Fliyev_Bak%C4%B1da_H%C9%99rbi_Q%C9%99nim%C9%99tl%C9%99r_Park%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_a%C3%A7%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1nda_%2872%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1938" data-file-height="1292" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Helmets of deceased Armenian troops, wax mannequins of captured Armenian soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second Nagorno-Karabakh War</a> showcased at <a href="/wiki/Military_Trophy_Park_(Baku)" title="Military Trophy Park (Baku)">Baku military park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>. President <a href="/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev" title="Ilham Aliyev">Ilham Aliyev</a> shown in the first image during a visit to the park.</div></div></div></div> Anti-Armenian sentiment exists in <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> on institutional<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> and social<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> levels. <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a> are "the most vulnerable group in Azerbaijan in the field of racism and racial discrimination."<a href="#cite_note-2007_ecri_report-44">[44]</a> Throughout the 20th century, <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenian</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkish-speaking</a> Muslim (Shia and Sunni; then known as "Caucasian Tatars" , later as <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a>)<a href="#cite_note-46">[a]</a> inhabitants of <a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">Transcaucasia</a> have been involved in numerous conflicts. <a href="/wiki/Pogroms" class="mw-redirect" title="Pogroms">Pogroms</a>, massacres and wars solidified oppositional ethnic identities between the two groups, and have contributed to the development of <a href="/wiki/National_consciousness" class="mw-redirect" title="National consciousness">national consciousnesses</a> among both Armenians and Azeris.<a href="#cite_note-Dawisha2-47">[46]</a> From 1918 to 1920, organized killings of Armenians occurred in Azerbaijan, especially in the Armenian cultural centers in <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shusha" title="Shusha">Shusha</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> Contemporary Armenophobia in Azerbaijan traces its roots to the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">last years</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, when Armenians demanded that the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> authorities transfer the mostly Armenian-populated <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast">Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast</a> (NKAO) in the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan SSR">Azerbaijan SSR</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian SSR">Armenian SSR</a>.<a href="#cite_note-IHF_2005_report2-49">[48]</a> In response to these demands, anti-Armenian rallies were held in various cities, where Azeri nationalist groups incited anti-Armenian sentiments that led to pogroms in <a href="/wiki/Sumgait_pogrom" title="Sumgait pogrom">Sumgait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kirovabad_pogrom" title="Kirovabad pogrom">Kirovabad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baku_pogrom" title="Baku pogrom">Baku</a>. From 1988 through 1990, an estimated 300,000-350,000 Armenians either fled under threat of violence or were deported from Azerbaijan, and roughly 167,000 Azeris were forced to flee Armenia, often under violent circumstances.<a href="#cite_note-hrw2-50">[49]</a> The rising tensions between the two nations eventually escalated into a <a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">large-scale military conflict</a> over <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Nagorno-Karabakh">Nagorno-Karabakh</a>, in which Azerbaijan lost control over around 14%<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> of the country's territory to the self-proclaimed <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagorno-Karabakh Republic">Nagorno-Karabakh Republic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-IHF_2005_report2-49">[48]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Ever-increasing tensions</a> over the loss of the territory, which sparked more anti-Armenian sentiment,<a href="#cite_note-2007_ecri_report2-52">[51]</a> and the urge to revenge the loss of the territory internationally recognized as Azeri led Azerbaijan to start the <a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">second war over the territory in 2020</a>, in which they managed to recapture part of the area. In a November 2020 alert, Genocide Watch reported that Armenians in Azerbaijan are dehumanized, being called “terrorists”, “bandits,” “infidels,” “leftovers of the sword" (a referral to the 1915 genocide<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a>).<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> The Armenian side has accused the Azerbaijani government of carrying out anti-Armenian policy inside and outside the country, which includes propaganda of hate toward Armenia and Armenians and the destruction of <a href="/wiki/Armenian_cultural_heritage_in_Azerbaijan" title="Armenian cultural heritage in Azerbaijan">Armenian cultural heritage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> According to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fyodor_Lukyanov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fyodor Lukyanov (page does not exist)">Fyodor Lukyanov</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%A4%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Лукьянов, Фёдор Александрович">ru</a>], editor-in-chief of the journal Russia in Global Affairs, "Armenophobia is the institutional part of the modern Azerbaijani statehood and Karabakh is in the center of it".<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> In 2011, the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission_against_Racism_and_Intolerance" title="European Commission against Racism and Intolerance">ECRI</a> report on Azerbaijan stated that "the constant negative official and media discourse" against Armenia fosters "a negative climate of opinion regarding people of Armenian origin, who remain vulnerable to discrimination."<a href="#cite_note-2011_ecri_report2-59">[58]</a> According to historian <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Smith_(historian)" title="Jeremy Smith (historian)">Jeremy Smith</a>, "National identity in post-Soviet Azerbaijan rests in large part, then, on the cult of the Alievs, alongside a sense of embattlement and victimisation and a virulent hatred of Armenia and Armenians".<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> In the European Parliament's resolution of 10 March 2022 condemning the destruction of the Armenian heritage in Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh),<a href="#cite_note-:0-62">[61]</a> the parliament stated: <blockquote> European Parliament ... Acknowledges that the erasure of the Armenian cultural heritage is part of a wider pattern of a systematic, state-level policy of Armenophobia, historical revisionism and hatred towards Armenians promoted by the Azerbaijani authorities, including dehumanisation, the glorification of violence and territorial claims against the Republic of Armenia”.<a href="#cite_note-:1-63">[62]</a> </blockquote>In March 2023, the European Parliament issued another resolution which condemned Azerbaijan's <a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_border_crisis_(2021%E2%80%93present)" title="Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis (2021–present)">attacks on Armenia</a> and called for Azerbaijan to lift its <a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_blockade_of_the_Republic_of_Artsakh" class="mw-redirect" title="2022–2023 blockade of the Republic of Artsakh">blockade of Artsakh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> In response, Azerbaijani President Aliyev described the resolution as "beyond doubt...originat[ing] from Armenia and the Armenian Diaspora, long since a cancerous tumour of Europe."<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> Anti-Armenian hate crimes committed by Azerbaijanis have also occurred internationally beyond the country of Azerbaijan. In 2004, Ramil Safarov <a href="/wiki/Ramil_Safarov" title="Ramil Safarov">decapitated an Armenian while he was sleeping in Hungary</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Status_of_Armenian_cultural_monuments">Status of Armenian cultural monuments</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Armenian_sentiment&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Status of Armenian cultural monuments">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Khachkar_destruction_in_Nakhchivan" class="mw-redirect" title="Khachkar destruction in Nakhchivan">Khachkar destruction in Nakhchivan</a></div> In November 2020, newspaper <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> wrote about Azerbaijan's campaign of comprehensive "cultural cleansing" in Nakhichevan: <blockquote>Satellite imagery, extensive documentary evidence and personal accounts showed that 89 churches, 5,840 khachkars and 22,000 tombstones were destroyed between 1997 and 2006, including the medieval necropolis of Djulfa, the largest ancient Armenian cemetery in the world. The Azerbaijani response has consistently been to simply deny that Armenians had ever lived in the region.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a></blockquote> The most publicized case of mass destruction concerns gravestones at a medieval <a href="/wiki/Armenian_cemetery_in_Julfa" title="Armenian cemetery in Julfa">Armenian cemetery in Julfa</a>, a sacred site of the Armenian Apostolic Church. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Tannock" title="Charles Tannock">Charles Tannock</a>, the member of the foreign affairs committee of the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>, argued: "This is very similar to the <a href="/wiki/Buddhas_of_Bamiyan" title="Buddhas of Bamiyan">Buddha statues destroyed</a> by the Taliban. They have concreted the area over and turned it into a military camp."<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> The destruction of the cemetery has been widely described by Armenian sources, and some non-Armenian sources, as an act of <a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">cultural genocide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> European Parliament published a resolution on 10 March 2022, condemning the destruction of the Armenian heritage in Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh).<a href="#cite_note-:0-62">[61]</a> The resolution read: <blockquote> European Parliament ... Strongly condemns Azerbaijan's continued policy of erasing and denying the Armenian cultural heritage in and around Nagorno-Karabakh, in violation of international law and the recent decision of the ICJ...<a href="#cite_note-:1-63">[62]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ongoing_genocide_risk">Ongoing genocide risk</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Armenian_sentiment&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ongoing genocide risk">edit</a>]</div> Since 2020, Azerbaijan has attacked Armenian positions in Nagorno-Karabakh (<a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second Nagorno-Karabakh War</a>), Armenia (<a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_border_crisis_(2021%E2%80%93present)" title="Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis (2021–present)">border crisis</a>), and has also <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Republic_of_Artsakh_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blockade of the Republic of Artsakh (2022–present)">blockaded the Republic of Artsakh</a>. These events have resulted in numerous organizations, including those which specialize in <a href="/wiki/Genocide_studies" title="Genocide studies">genocide studies</a>, reporting that Armenians are at risk of being subjected to another genocide.<a href="#cite_note-:02-71">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Genocide_Warning:_Nagorno_Karabakh-74">[73]</a> The Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention considers Armenians to be "one of the most threatened identities in the world today."<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> Sheila Paylan, international criminal lawyer and legal advisor to the United Nations has warned that "The international community should take its R2P [Responsibility to Protect] commitments more seriously or risk becoming silently complicit in the next Armenian genocide—or ethnic cleansing."<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> Caucasus expert Laurence Broers draws parallels between "the Russian discourse about Ukraine as an artificial, fake nation, and the Azerbaijani discourse about Armenia, likewise claiming it has a fake history", thereby elevating the conflict to an "existential level" for Armenians.<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> A coalition of various human rights organizations also issued a collective genocide warning in response to the blockade: "All 14 risk factors for atrocity crimes identified by the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/documents/publications-and-resources/Genocide_Framework%20of%20Analysis-English.pdf">UN Secretary-General's Office on Genocide Prevention</a> are now present."<a href="#cite_note-Genocide_Warning:_Nagorno_Karabakh-74">[73]</a> <ul><li>The Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention – Since 2021, the organization has issued various "Red Flag Alerts" on Azerbaijan which the organization says poses a threat of genocide to Armenians.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> It described the Azerbaijan's blockade of the Republic of Artsakh as "a criminal act which intends to create terror and unbearable conditions of life for the population of Artsakh. These events are not isolated events; they are, instead, being committed within a larger genocidal pattern against Armenia and Armenians by the Azerbaijani regime."<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> The group also wrote "The genocidal intent of Baku has never been clearer and the actions carried out up to the moment highly predict this outcome."<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_Watch" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide Watch">Genocide Watch</a> – issued its own genocide warnings in September 2020 saying that "Because of Azerbaijan’s invasion of Artsakh...Genocide Watch considers Azerbaijan to be at Stage 9: Extermination and at Stage 10: Denial. Genocide Watch considers that Azerbaijan's leadership may intend to forcibly deport the Armenian population of Artsakh by committing genocidal massacres that will terrorize Armenians into leaving Artsakh."<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> In September 2022, <a href="/wiki/Genocide_Watch" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide Watch">Genocide Watch</a> issued another alert stating, "Due to its unprovoked attacks and genocidal rhetoric against ethnic Armenians, Genocide Watch considers Azerbaijan's assault on Armenia and Artsakh to be at Stage 4: Dehumanization, Stage 7: Preparation, Stage 8: Persecution, and Stage 10: Denial."<a href="#cite_note-:12-73">[72]</a> The group wrote a letter to the EU council, warning that the European Union "is turning a blind eye to the Azerbaijani dictatorship for geopolitical and resource reasons" and that Azerbaijan's "intentions are clear: to wipe out all traces of Armenian life and of an Armenian presence in this region. Azerbaijani President, Ilham Aliyev, has consistently and repeatedly stated that he intends to eradicate the indigenous Armenians dwelling in Artsakh."<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Genocide_Scholars" title="International Association of Genocide Scholars">International Association of Genocide Scholars</a> (IAGS) – issued similar statements in October 2020: "Direct Turkish involvement in the decades-long [Nagorno-Karabakh] conflict is ... a fact that threatens to annihilate Armenians in Artsakh and beyond. A recent statement issued by the Turkish president, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, read that they, Turkey, were going 'to continue to fulfill the mission of their grandfathers, which was carried out a century ago in the Caucasus'. This constitutes a direct threat of continuing the Armenian genocide that began in 1915...History, from the Armenian genocide to the last three decades of conflict, as well as current political statements, economic policies, sentiments of the societies and military actions by the Azerbaijani and Turkish leadership should warn us that genocide of the Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh, and perhaps even Armenia, is a very real possibility."<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> In October 2022, the IAGS issued another statement condemning <a href="/wiki/September_2022_Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_clashes" title="September 2022 Armenia–Azerbaijan clashes">Azerbaijan's September 2022 attacks on the Republic of Armenia</a>: "Significant genocide risk factors exist in the Nagorno-Karabakh situation concerning the Armenian population" and "dehumanizing and other [irredentist] statements [from Azerbaijani government officials] demonstrate the existence of a risk of genocide, and may amount to incitement to genocide and possibly other international crimes."<a href="#cite_note-:02-71">[70]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Russia">Russia</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Armenian_sentiment&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Russia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Russia" title="Racism in Russia">Racism in Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armenia-Russia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia-Russia relations">Armenia-Russia relations</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-Armenian_sentiment&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (March 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> A 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> explorer, <a href="/wiki/Vasili_Lvovich_Velichko" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasili Lvovich Velichko">Vasili Lvovich Velichko</a>, who was active during the period when the Russian tzarism carried out a purposeful anti-Armenian policy,<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> wrote "Armenians are the extreme instance of <a href="/wiki/Brachycephaly" title="Brachycephaly">brachycephaly</a>; their actual racial instinct make them naturally hostile to the State."<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> According to a 2012 <a href="/wiki/VTSIOM" class="mw-redirect" title="VTSIOM">VTSIOM</a> opinion research, 6% of respondents in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> and 3% in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> were "experiencing feelings of irritation, hostility" toward Armenians.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> In the 2000s there have been racist murders of Armenians in Russia.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> In 2002 an explosion took place in <a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a> near the Armenian church which the local community believed was a terrorist act.<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Georgia">Georgia</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Armenian_sentiment&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Georgia">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uprooted_Armenian_gravestones_in_a_church_yard_in_Velistsikhe,_Georgia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Uprooted_Armenian_gravestones_in_a_church_yard_in_Velistsikhe%2C_Georgia.jpg/220px-Uprooted_Armenian_gravestones_in_a_church_yard_in_Velistsikhe%2C_Georgia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Uprooted_Armenian_gravestones_in_a_church_yard_in_Velistsikhe%2C_Georgia.jpg/330px-Uprooted_Armenian_gravestones_in_a_church_yard_in_Velistsikhe%2C_Georgia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Uprooted_Armenian_gravestones_in_a_church_yard_in_Velistsikhe%2C_Georgia.jpg/440px-Uprooted_Armenian_gravestones_in_a_church_yard_in_Velistsikhe%2C_Georgia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3096" data-file-height="4128" /></a><figcaption>Unrooted Armenian gravestones in a church yard in <a href="/wiki/Velistsikhe" title="Velistsikhe">Velistsikhe</a>, Kakheti, Georgia</figcaption></figure> In the late 19th century and early 20th century anti-Armenian sentiment was prevalent in both socialist and nationalist Georgian circles. The economic dominance of <a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Tbilisi" title="Armenians in Tbilisi">Armenians in Tbilisi</a> fueled verbal attacks on Armenians. <a href="/wiki/Droeba" title="Droeba">Droeba</a>, an influential journal, described Armenians as people who "strip our streets and fatten their pockets" and "but the last piece of property from our indebted peasant families." Both <a href="/wiki/Ilia_Chavchavadze" title="Ilia Chavchavadze">Ilia Chavchavadze</a> and <a href="/wiki/Akaki_Tsereteli" title="Akaki Tsereteli">Akaki Tsereteli</a>, two major literary figures, attacked Armenians for their perceived mercantilism. Tsereteli portrayed Armenians as a flea sucking Georgian blood in one fable. Chavchavadze denounced Armenians for "eating the bread baked by someone else or drinking that which is creating by another's sweat." Chavchavadze's newspaper, Iveria, depicted Armenians as "sly moneylenders and unscrupulous traders", according to <a href="/wiki/Stephen_F._Jones" title="Stephen F. Jones">Stephen F. Jones</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Georgia" title="Social Democratic Party of Georgia">Social Democratic Party of Georgia</a> (Georgian Mensheviks) attacked the bourgeoisie and imperialism to liberate Georgia from both Russian imperialism and perceived Armenian economic exploitation. During the existence of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Georgia" title="Democratic Republic of Georgia">Democratic Republic of Georgia</a> (1918–21), the independent Georgian government saw Armenians as a potential "<a href="/wiki/Fifth_column" title="Fifth column">fifth column</a>" for their supposed loyalty to the <a href="/wiki/First_Republic_of_Armenia" title="First Republic of Armenia">First Republic of Armenia</a> and subject to manipulation by foreign powers. The <a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Armenian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian–Armenian War">Georgian–Armenian War</a> of December 1918 increased anti-Armenian sentiments in Georgia. In post-Soviet Georgia, first president <a href="/wiki/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia" title="Zviad Gamsakhurdia">Zviad Gamsakhurdia</a>, an outspoken nationalist, viewed Armenians, along with other ethnic minorities, as "guests" or "aliens" who threaten Georgia's territorial integrity.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> wrote in his 1913 essay <a href="/wiki/Marxism_and_the_National_Question" title="Marxism and the National Question">Marxism and the National Question</a>:<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa ); color: var( --color-base, black ); border: 1px solid #aaa; display:table; float:none;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;">What exists in Georgia is anti-Armenian nationalism but this is because there is an Armenian big bourgeoisie which, by crushing the small and as yet weak Georgian bourgeoisie, thrusts the latter towards anti-Armenian nationalism.</div></blockquote> Around the time of the 2007 parliamentary elections in the breakaway region of Abkhazia, the Georgian media emphasized the factor of ethnic Armenians in the area.<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> The Georgian newspaper <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakartvelos_Respublika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakartvelos Respublika (page does not exist)">Sakartvelos Respublika</a> predicted that much of the parliament would be Armenian and that there was even a chance of an Armenian president being elected.<a href="#cite_note-Abkhaz-96">[95]</a> The paper also reported that the Abkhazian republic might already be receiving financial assistance from <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Americans" title="Armenian Americans">Armenians living in the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Abkhaz-96">[95]</a> Some Armenian analysts believe such reports are attempting to create conflict between Armenians and ethnic Abkhazians to destabilize the region.<a href="#cite_note-Abkhaz-96">[95]</a> A policy of desecration of Armenian churches and historical monuments on the territory of Georgia has actively been pursued.<a href="#cite_note-ancestralstones.com-97">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-PanARMENIAN.Net-98">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> On November 16, 2008, Georgian monk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tariel_Sikinchelashvili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tariel Sikinchelashvili (page does not exist)">Tariel Sikinchelashvili</a> vandalised the graves of patrons of art <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lidia_Tamamshev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lidia Tamamshev (page does not exist)">Mikhail</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lidia_Tamamshev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lidia Tamamshev (page does not exist)">Lidia Tamamshev</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PanARMENIAN.Net-98">[97]</a> The Armenian Church of <a href="/wiki/Norashen_Church,_Tbilisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Norashen Church, Tbilisi">Norashen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, built in the middle of the 15th century,<a href="#cite_note-ancestralstones.com-97">[96]</a> has been desecrated and misappropriated by the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of Georgia (country)">Georgian government</a> despite the fact that both Armenia's and Georgia's Prime-Ministers have reached an agreement on not to maltreat the church.<a href="#cite_note-PanARMENIAN.Net-98">[97]</a> Due to no law on religion, the status of Surb Norashen, Surb Nshan, Shamhoretsor Surb Astvatsatsin (Karmir Avetaran), Yerevanots Surb Minas and Mugni Surb Gevorg in Tbilisi and Surb Nshan in <a href="/wiki/Akhaltsikhe" title="Akhaltsikhe">Akhaltsikhe</a> is unknown since being confiscated during the Soviet era.<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Georgia" title="Armenians in Georgia">Armenians in Georgia</a> and Armenia have demonstrated against the destruction. On November 28, 2008, Armenian demonstrators in front of the Georgian embassy in Armenia demanded that the Georgian government immediately cease encroachments on the Armenian churches and punish those guilty, calling the Georgian party's actions "<a href="/wiki/White_Genocide_(Armenians)" class="mw-redirect" title="White Genocide (Armenians)">white genocide</a>".<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> In August, 2011, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Monument_Protection_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Culture and Monument Protection of Georgia">Georgia's Culture Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Nika_Rurua" title="Nika Rurua">Nika Rurua</a> sacked director <a href="/wiki/Robert_Sturua" title="Robert Sturua">Robert Sturua</a> as head of the Tbilisi national theatre for "xenophobic" comments he made earlier this year, officials reported. "We are not going to finance <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">xenophobia</a>. Georgia is a multicultural country", Rurua said.<a href="#cite_note-google.com-102">[101]</a> Provoking public outrage, Sturua said in an interview with local news agency that "<a href="/wiki/Mikheil_Saakashvili" title="Mikheil Saakashvili">Saakashvili</a> doesn't know what Georgian people need because he is Armenian." "I do not want Georgia to be governed by a representative of a different ethnicity", he added.<a href="#cite_note-google.com-102">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> In July 2014, the Armenian <a href="/wiki/Ejmiatsin_Church,_Tbilisi" title="Ejmiatsin Church, Tbilisi">Ejmiatsin Church</a> in Tbilisi was attacked. The Armenian diocese said it was "a crime committed on ethnic and religious grounds."<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> In 2018 the Tandoyants Armenian church in Tbilisi was gifted to the Georgian Orthodox Patriarchate. The Diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Holy Orthodox Church in Georgia stated that the church was "illegally transferred" to the Georgian Patriarchate. According to the Human Rights Education and Monitoring Center, Tandoyants is not the only historic Armenian church the Georgian Patriarchate has targeted. There are at least six others the Patriarchate has its sights set on.<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Germany">Germany</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Armenian_sentiment&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Germany">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-Armenian_sentiment&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (March 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_States">United States</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Armenian_sentiment&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide_recognition#Position_of_the_United_States" title="Armenian genocide recognition">Armenian genocide recognition § Position of the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenia-United_States_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia-United States relations">Armenia-United States relations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_the_Armenian_genocide" title="United States recognition of the Armenian genocide">United States recognition of the Armenian genocide</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_20th_century">Early 20th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Armenian_sentiment&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Early 20th century">edit</a>]</div> There has been historic prejudice against Armenians in the United States throughout various times, at least beginning from the early 1900s. In early 1900s Armenians were among the group of minorities who were barred from loaning money, land, and equipment particularly because of their race. They were referred to as "lower class Jews". Moreover, in Fresno, California, among other minorities Armenians lived on one side of Van Ness Blvd., while the residents of European white origin lived on the other side. A deed from one home there stated, "Neither said premises nor any part thereof shall be used in any matter whatsoever or occupied by any Black, Chinese, Japanese, Hindu, Armenian, Asiatic or native of the Turkish Empire."<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> Between the 1920s and the 1960s, some houses in the <a href="/wiki/Rock_Creek_Hills" title="Rock Creek Hills">Rock Creek Hills</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Kensington,_Maryland" title="Kensington, Maryland">Kensington, Maryland</a>, a suburb of Washington, D.C., included anti-Armenian language in racial covenants that were part of property deeds. One deed in Rock Creek Hills declared that homes in the neighborhood "shall never be used or occupied by...negroes or any person or persons, of negro blood or extraction, or to any person of the Semitic Race, blood or origin, or Jews, Armenians, Hebrews, Persians and Syrians, except...partial occupancy of the premises by domestic servants."<a href="#cite_note-Racist_housing_covenants-107">[106]</a> In Anny Bakalian's book Armenian-Americans: From Being to Feeling Armenian, various groups of Armenians were polled for discrimination based on their identity. Roughly 77% of US-born Armenians felt they were discriminated in getting a job while 80% responded positively to a question whether they felt discriminated in getting admitted to a school.<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> American historian <a href="/wiki/Justin_McCarthy_(American_historian)" title="Justin McCarthy (American historian)">Justin McCarthy</a> is known for his controversial view that no genocide was intended by the Ottoman Empire but that both Armenians and Turks died as the result of civil war. Some attribute his <a href="/wiki/Denial_of_the_Armenian_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Denial of the Armenian genocide">denial of the Armenian genocide</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> to anti-Armenianism, as he holds an <a href="/wiki/Honorary_doctorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary doctorate">honorary doctorate</a> of the Turkish <a href="/wiki/Bo%C4%9Fazi%C3%A7i_University" title="Boğaziçi University">Boğaziçi University</a> and he is also a board member of the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Turkish_Studies" title="Institute of Turkish Studies">Institute of Turkish Studies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MacDonald,_David_B._p.121-110">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-Board_of_Governors-111">[110]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Since_the_1990s">Since the 1990s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Armenian_sentiment&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Since the 1990s">edit</a>]</div> On April 24, 1998, during a campus exhibit organized by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_Students%27_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armenian Students' Association (page does not exist)">Armenian Students' Association</a> at UC Berkeley, <a href="/wiki/Hamid_Algar" title="Hamid Algar">Hamid Algar</a>, a Professor of Islamic & Persian Studies, reportedly approached a group of organizers and shouted, "It was not a genocide but I wish it was—you lying pigs!" The students also claimed that Algar also spat at them. Following the incident members of the Armenian Students' Association filed a report with campus police calling for an investigation.<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> After a five-month investigation the Chancellor's office issued an apology, though no hate charges were filed as incident did not create a "hostile environment".<a href="#cite_note-asbarez-113">[112]</a> On March 10, 1999, the Associated Students of University of California (ASUC) passed a resolution titled, "A Bill Against Hate Speech and in Support of Reprimand for Prof. Algar", condemning the incident and calling for Chancellor to review the University decision not to file charges.<a href="#cite_note-asbarez-113">[112]</a> In 1999, after Rafi Manoukian got elected to Glendale City Council, one resident attended the council's meetings every week to "tell Armenians to go back where they came from." Manoukian campaign had made a point to galvanize Glendale's large Armenian American electorate.<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> In April 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> Managing Editor <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Frantz" title="Douglas Frantz">Douglas Frantz</a> blocked a story on the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a> written by Mark Arax, allegedly citing the fact Arax was of Armenian descent and therefore had a biased opinion on the subject. Arax, who has published similar articles before,<a href="#cite_note-Roderick-115">[114]</a> has lodged a discrimination complaint and threatened a federal lawsuit. Frantz, who did not cite any specific factual errors in the article, is accused of having a bias obtained while being stationed in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, Turkey. <a href="/wiki/Harut_Sassounian" title="Harut Sassounian">Harut Sassounian</a>, an Armenian community leader, accused Frantz of having expressed support for <a href="/wiki/Denial_of_the_Armenian_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Denial of the Armenian genocide">denial of the Armenian genocide</a> and has stated he personally believed that Armenians rebelled against the Ottoman Empire, an argument commonly used to justify the killings.<a href="#cite_note-Roderick-115">[114]</a> Frantz resigned from the paper not long afterward, possibly due to the mounting requests for his dismissal from the Armenian community.<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> In March 2012 three of five Glendale Police Department's officers of Armenian origin filed a lawsuit in Los Angeles County Superior Court against Glendale Police Department claiming racial discrimination.<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a> Another incident that received less coverage was a series of <a href="/wiki/Hate_mail" title="Hate mail">hate mail</a> campaigns directed at <a href="/wiki/Paul_Krekorian" title="Paul Krekorian">Paul Krekorian</a>, a city council candidate for <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">Californian</a> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> Primary, making racist remarks and accusations that the Armenian community was engaging in <a href="/wiki/Voter_fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="Voter fraud">voter fraud</a>.<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> In 2016, during a race between Glendale City Clerk Ardy Kassakhian and Glendale Council Member Laura Friedman for the 43rd District Assembly seat, Kassakhian's campaign faced numerous threats and criticism based on the candidate's ethnicity. At one point in the campaign Kassakhian's office was evacuated after receiving a phone call that threatened the safety of employees and volunteers.<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> On April 20, 2016, Armenian genocide denial propaganda appeared in the sky over the Hudson River between Manhattan and Northern New Jersey. The skywriting featured messages such as "101 years of Geno-lie", "BFF = Russia + Armenia", and "<a href="/wiki/FactCheckArmenia.com" title="FactCheckArmenia.com">FactCheckArmenia.com</a>". The aerial stunt was part of a campaign by the website Fact Check Armenia, an Armenian genocide denialist site. The writing could be seen from roughly a 15-mile (24 km) radius. The media attention from the incident resulted in an official apology by the skywriting company.<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/List_of_2_Broke_Girls_episodes#Season_3_.282013.E2.80.9314.29" title="List of 2 Broke Girls episodes">4th episode of Season 3</a> of the <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> sitcom <a href="/wiki/2_Broke_Girls" title="2 Broke Girls">2 Broke Girls</a> (aired on October 14, 2013) "when a new cappuccino maker is brought into the cupcake store by a co-worker, he says he bought it for a cheap price from a person who stole it but sells it at a profit, adding 'it's the Armenian way.' When the character is pressed that he is not Armenian, he says 'I know. But, it's the Armenian way.'" This scene was characterized as "racist" by <a href="/wiki/Asbarez" title="Asbarez">Asbarez</a> Editor Ara Khachatourian, who criticized CBS for promotion of racial stereotypes in their shows.<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> In the January 9, 2018, episode of the <a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central" title="Comedy Central">Comedy Central</a> late-night program <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Show" title="The Daily Show">The Daily Show</a> <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Noah" title="Trevor Noah">Trevor Noah</a> stated: "This is, like, really funny. Only Donald Trump could defend himself and, in the same sentence, completely undermine his whole point. It would be like someone saying, 'I'm the most tolerant guy out there, just ask this filthy Armenian.'"<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> Armenian American organizations criticized Noah for alleged racism against Armenians. In a joint press release the Armenian Bar Association and the Armenian Rights Watch Committee (ARWC) compared "Filthy Armenians" to other offensive racial epithets, which although "may have been intended to coax a laugh from the audience by ridiculing President Trump's self-proclaimed genius and tolerance", constitutes "affront and slander". The organizations called for The Daily Show and Trevor Noah to issue a retraction and an apology.<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Armenian_National_Committee_of_America" title="Armenian National Committee of America">Armenian National Committee of America</a> (ANCA) also called for an apology.<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> On October 29 and December 12, 2019, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> officially recognized the Armenian genocide.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> In July 2020 the <a href="/wiki/KZV_Armenian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="KZV Armenian School">KZV Armenian School</a> and its adjacent Armenian Community Center in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> were vandalized overnight with threatening and racist graffiti. According to San Francisco officials, the attack claimed to support a violent, anti-Armenian movement led by <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> The messages contained curse words and appeared to be connected to increased <a href="/wiki/July_2020_Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_clashes" title="July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes">tensions between Azerbaijan and Armenia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the United States House of Representatives</a> <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a> noted that "The KZV Armenian School is a part of the beautiful fabric of our San Francisco family. The hateful defacing of this place of community and learning is a disgrace." <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_District_Attorney" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco District Attorney">San Francisco District Attorney</a> <a href="/wiki/Chesa_Boudin" title="Chesa Boudin">Chesa Boudin</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco Mayor">San Francisco Mayor</a> <a href="/wiki/London_Breed" title="London Breed">London Breed</a> also condemned the hate act.<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> On April 24, 2021, U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> officially recognized the Armenian genocide.<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> On September 24, 2021, the St. Peter Armenian Church in <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_Valley" title="San Fernando Valley">Fernando Valley, California</a>, was vandalized. The suspect broke eight very rare stained glass windows of the church with a baseball bat. The ANCA-WR Executive Director Armen Sahakyan said “This act of vandalism is especially concerning as we recently marked one year since the Armenophobic hate crimes that took place in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>.”. The Los Angeles Police Department continues its investigation on this crime.<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2022_Los_Angeles_City_Council_scandal" title="2022 Los Angeles City Council scandal">2022 Los Angeles City Council scandal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nury_Martinez" title="Nury Martinez">Nury Martinez</a> referred to Areen Ibranossian, an advisor to councillor <a href="/wiki/Paul_Krekorian" title="Paul Krekorian">Paul Krekorian</a>, as "The guy with one eyebrow." Martinez wasn't able to recall the last name and Cedillo replied "It ends in <a href="/wiki/Armenian_name#Surnames" title="Armenian name">i-a-n</a>, I bet you."<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> Ibranossian said, "This type of depiction of Armenians is not uncommon and is too often tolerated." Growing up in <a href="/wiki/Torrance,_California" title="Torrance, California">Torrance, California</a>, he was called "<a href="/wiki/Towel_head" class="mw-redirect" title="Towel head">towel head</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Camel_jockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Camel jockey">camel jockey</a>."<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> In 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau" title="Consumer Financial Protection Bureau">Consumer Financial Protection Bureau</a> (CFPB) ordered <a href="/wiki/Citigroup" title="Citigroup">Citigroup</a> to pay $24.5 million in fines and $1.4 million in restitution to Armenian Americans, alleging that the bank had illegally discriminated against members of the ethnic group and had unjustly denied them credit cards for which they had applied in a period beginning in 2015 and ending in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-:2-134">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> According to the CFPB, Citigroup employees used the presence of -ian or -yan in applicant surnames as an indicator that a customer should undergo enhanced screening processes, while also deciding to avoid making mention of this screening method in emails.<a href="#cite_note-:2-134">[133]</a> (The suffixes -ian and -yan are frequently found in Armenian surnames.)<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Israel">Israel</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Armenian_sentiment&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Israel">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide_recognition#Position_of_Israel" title="Armenian genocide recognition">Armenian genocide recognition § Position of Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenian%E2%80%93Jewish_relations" title="Armenian–Jewish relations">Armenian–Jewish relations</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Armenia-Israel_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia-Israel relations">Armenia-Israel relations</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Israel-Armenia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel-Armenia relations">Israel-Armenia relations</a> have been complicated throughout history, resulting in anti-Armenian sentiments in Israel. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a> reported in 2009 that out of all Christians in <a href="/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City (Jerusalem)">Jerusalem's Old City</a> Armenians were most often <a href="/wiki/Spitting" title="Spitting">spat on</a> by <a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> Jews.<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> In 2011 several instances of spitting and <a href="/wiki/Verbal_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Verbal attack">verbal attacks</a> on Armenian clergymen by Haredi Jews were reported in the Old City.<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> In a 2013 interview Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem <a href="/wiki/Nourhan_Manougian" title="Nourhan Manougian">Nourhan Manougian</a> stated that <a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians in Israel">Armenians in Israel</a> are treated as "third-class citizens".<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> In 2019, it was reported that 60 <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Church</a> students attempted to lynch two Jewish men on the eve of <a href="/wiki/Shavuot" title="Shavuot">Shavuot</a> in Jerusalem, further increasing tensions between the religious groups.<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a> In 2023, Al Jazeera reported that anti-Christian violence, coinciding with anti-Palestinian violence, is becoming more widespread and normalized, especially by fundamentalist and right-wing Jews. Various anti-Christian laws were made, including limiting the amount of worshippers who can enter the Holy Sepulchre. 30 graves in Mount Zion were vandalized, and the Armenian quarter was spray-painted with the words "Death to Arabs, Christians and Armenians."<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a> Israel has long refused to recognize the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Genocide">Armenian Genocide</a>, mainly to avoid harming its relations with <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>. Former <a href="/wiki/President_of_Israel" title="President of Israel">President</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Prime Minister</a> of Israel <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> referred to the history of the Armenian Genocide as "meaningless" and said that "We reject attempts to create a similarity between the Holocaust and the Armenian allegations. Nothing similar to the Holocaust occurred. It is a tragedy what the Armenians went through but not a genocide."<a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a> Other major figures and organizations in Israel have also propped up Turkey's genocide denial. In particular, the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Jews_in_Israel" title="Turkish Jews in Israel">Turkish Israeli</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azerbaijani_Jews_in_Israel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azerbaijani Jews in Israel (page does not exist)">Azerbaijani Israeli</a> communities have encouraged genocide denial in Israel.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Knesset_Committee_on_Education,_Culture_and_Sports" title="Knesset Committee on Education, Culture and Sports">Knesset Committee on Education, Culture and Sports</a> recognized the Armenian Genocide on August 1, 2016.<a href="#cite_note-anca.org-144">[143]</a> When visiting the Israeli President the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem</a> on May 9, 2016, <a href="/wiki/Reuven_Rivlin" title="Reuven Rivlin">Reuven Rivlin</a> concluded his speech by saying that "the Armenians were massacred in 1915. My parents remember thousands of Armenian migrants finding asylum at the Armenian Church. No one in Israel denies that an entire nation was massacred.<a href="#cite_note-anca.org-144">[143]</a> Recognition of the Armenian Genocide in Israel remains to be an extremely contentious issue influenced heavily by <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Israel relations">Azerbaijan-Israel Relations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> Israel's strategic alliance with <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> and Armenia's <a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Iran_relations" title="Armenia–Iran relations">alliance</a> with <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> have both resulted in hostility between the Israeli and Armenian governments and the subsequent deterioration of <a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Armenia–Israel relations">Armenia-Israel relations</a>. In both the First and Second Nagorno-Karabakh Wars, Israel has supplied Azerbaijan with advanced weaponry. At a protest against Israel's arms sales to Azerbaijan, counter-protesters smashed a protester's car and blocked the road they were driving along.<a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a> Many Israelis have also sympathized with Azerbaijan due to Azerbaijan's long and peaceful historical relations with Jews. Because of strong relations between Israel and Azerbaijan, pro-Israeli lobbying groups such as <a href="/wiki/AIPAC" title="AIPAC">AIPAC</a> have defended and lobbied for Azerbaijan against Armenia.<a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Daesh">Daesh</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Armenian_sentiment&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Daesh">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Destruction of cultural heritage by the Islamic State">Destruction of cultural heritage by the Islamic State</a></div> With the breakout of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian Civil War</a> and subsequent rise of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Daesh</a>, Armenians, alongside Assyrians, Alawites and Shia Muslims, were some of the groups persecuted in areas occupied by Daesh militants. Armenian sites were targets of Daesh' infamous cultural destruction. After occupying <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a>, Daesh fighters destroyed the Church of the Martyrs, an Armenian Catholic church.<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a> More infamously, Daesh fighters destroyed the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Genocide_Memorial_Church,_Der_Zor" title="Armenian Genocide Memorial Church, Der Zor">Armenian Genocide Memorial</a> in <a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor" title="Deir ez-Zor">Deir-ez-Zor</a>,<a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a> culturally significant to Armenians, as Deir-ez-Zor was the last destination before Armenians in 1915 would reach the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert" title="Syrian Desert">Syrian Desert</a>, with many dying along the way. As Daesh began taking control of many cities, towns and villages, thousands of Christians were forced to flee, either abroad or to other, safer areas in Syria. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Others">Others</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Armenian_sentiment&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Others">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistan">Pakistan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Armenian_sentiment&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Pakistan">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Armenia-Pakistan_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia-Pakistan relations">Armenia-Pakistan relations</a></div> Pakistan is the only <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> member state that has not recognized the Republic of Armenia, citing its support to Azerbaijan in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Armenian_sentiment&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Tajikistan">edit</a>]</div> In early 1990, 39 Armenian refugees from Azerbaijan were settled in Tajikistan. False rumors spread that allegedly up to 5,000 Armenians were being resettled in new housing in <a href="/wiki/Dushanbe" title="Dushanbe">Dushanbe</a> (which was experiencing acute housing shortage at that time). This led to <a href="/wiki/Dushanbe_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="Dushanbe riots">riots</a> which targeted both the Communist government and Armenians.<a href="#cite_note-Horowitz-151">[150]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Ministry_of_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Ministry of Interior">Soviet Ministry of Interior</a> (MVD) suppressed the demonstrations, during which more than 20 people were killed and over 500 were injured.<a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ukraine">Ukraine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Armenian_sentiment&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Ukraine">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Armenia-Ukraine_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia-Ukraine relations">Armenia-Ukraine relations</a></div> In 1944, in the town of <a href="/wiki/Kuty" title="Kuty">Kuty</a> in eastern Poland, Ukrainian nationalists from the <a href="/wiki/OUN-UPA" class="mw-redirect" title="OUN-UPA">OUN-UPA</a> massacred (as part of the <a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Poles_in_Volhynia_and_Eastern_Galicia" title="Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia">Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia</a>) Armenians and Poles, killing 200 people. Kuty was the largest concentration of <a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Poland" title="Armenians in Poland">Armenians in Poland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a> In 2009, an ethnic conflict broke out in the city of <a href="/wiki/Marhanets" title="Marhanets">Marhanets</a> following the murder of a Ukrainian man by an Armenian. A fight between Ukrainians and Armenians started in the "Scorpion" café,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] and later turned into riots and pogroms against Armenians,<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a> accompanied by the burning of houses and cars, which led to exodus of Armenians from the city.<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> In 2023, Armenian media accused <a href="/wiki/Oleksiy_Danilov" title="Oleksiy Danilov">Oleksiy Danilov</a>, the secretary of Ukraine's <a href="/wiki/National_Security_and_Defense_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security and Defense Council">National Security and Defense Council</a>, of making anti-Armenian statements.<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Turkestan">East Turkestan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Armenian_sentiment&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: East Turkestan">edit</a>]</div> Uyghur separatist leader <a href="/wiki/Isa_Alptekin" title="Isa Alptekin">Isa Alptekin</a> spouted anti-Armenian rhetoric while he was in Turkey and claimed that "our innocent Turkish Muslim brothers" were massacred by "Armenian murderers".<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Armenian_sentiment&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-Armenian_massacres" class="mw-redirect" title="List of anti-Armenian massacres">List of anti-Armenian massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Oriental_Orthodox_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Oriental Orthodox sentiment">Anti-Oriental Orthodox sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Assyrian_sentiment" title="Anti-Assyrian sentiment">Anti-Assyrian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_of_Nagorno-Karabakh_Armenians" title="Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians">Armenian exodus from Nagorno-Karabakh</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Armenian_sentiment&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> The term "Tatars", employed by the Russians, referred to <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkish-speaking</a> Muslims (Shia and <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Transcaucasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcaucasia">Transcaucasia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BournoutianTatarMuslim-45">[45]</a> Unlike Armenians and <a href="/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians">Georgians</a>, the Tatars did not have their own alphabet and used the <a href="/wiki/Persian_alphabet" title="Persian alphabet">Perso-Arabic script</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BournoutianTatarMuslim-45">[45]</a> After 1918 with the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Democratic_Republic" title="Azerbaijan Democratic Republic">Azerbaijan Democratic Republic</a>, and "especially during the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> era", the Tatar group identified itself as "<a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijani</a>".<a href="#cite_note-BournoutianTatarMuslim-45">[45]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Armenian_sentiment&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Black Garden, by Thomas De Waal (Aug 25, 2004), page 42 </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Communal Violence: The Armenians and the Copts as Case Studies, by Margaret J. Wyszomirsky, World Politics, Vol. 27, No. 3 (Apr., 1975), p. 438 </li> <li id="cite_note-Hamidia-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Hamidia_3-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armenian-genocide.org/hamidian.html">Hamidian Massacres</a>, Armenian Genocide. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Levon Marashlian. Politics and Demography: Armenians, Turks, and Kurds in the Ottoman Empire. Cambridge, MA: Zoryan Institute, 1991. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Samuel Totten, Paul Robert Bartrop, Steven L. Jacobs (eds.) Dictionary of Genocide. Greenwood Publishing, 2008, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-34642-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-34642-9">0-313-34642-9</a>, p. 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Noël, Lise. Intolerance: A General Survey. Arnold Bennett, 1994, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7735-1187-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7735-1187-3">0-7735-1187-3</a>, p. 101. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchaefer2008" class="citation cs2">Schaefer, Richard T (2008), Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society, p. 90</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Race%2C+Ethnicity%2C+and+Society&rft.pages=90&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Schaefer&rft.aufirst=Richard+T&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060416082159/http://www.genocidewatch.org/TurkishPMIAGSOpenLetterreArmenia6-13-05.htm">"INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GENOCIDE SCHOLARS"</a>. Archived from the original on April 16, 2006. Retrieved April 16, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=INTERNATIONAL+ASSOCIATION+OF+GENOCIDE+SCHOLARS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.genocidewatch.org%2FTurkishPMIAGSOpenLetterreArmenia6-13-05.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>) from the <a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Genocide_Scholars" title="International Association of Genocide Scholars">International Association of Genocide Scholars</a> to <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a>, June 13, 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaraçoğlu2011" class="citation book cs1">Saraçoğlu, Cenk (2011). Kurds of Modern Turkey: Migration, Neoliberalism and Exclusion in Turkish Society. London: <a href="/wiki/I.B._Tauris" title="I.B. Tauris">I.B. Tauris</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LogAAwAAQBAJ&dq=are+no+longer+constructed+and+shaped+by+social+interactions+between+the+%27ordinary+people&pg=PA175">175</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780857719102" title="Special:BookSources/9780857719102"><bdi>9780857719102</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kurds+of+Modern+Turkey%3A+Migration%2C+Neoliberalism+and+Exclusion+in+Turkish+Society&rft.place=London&rft.pages=175&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780857719102&rft.aulast=Sara%C3%A7o%C4%9Flu&rft.aufirst=Cenk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=turkish-citizens-mistrustful-of-foreigners-opinion-poll-says-2011-05-02">"Turkish citizens mistrust foreigners, opinion poll says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCrriyet_Daily_News" title="Hürriyet Daily News">Hürriyet Daily News</a>. 2 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Turkish+citizens+mistrust+foreigners%2C+opinion+poll+says&rft.date=2011-05-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fpageid%3D438%26n%3Dturkish-citizens-mistrustful-of-foreigners-opinion-poll-says-2011-05-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150508084309/http://www.minorityrights.org/4404/turkey/armenians.html">"Minority Rights Group International: Turkey: Armenians"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayszaman.com/mobile_detailn.action?newsId=269806">the original</a> on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 14 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Today%27s+Zaman&rft.atitle=Armenian+private+killed+intentionally%2C+new+testimony+shows&rft.date=2012-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayszaman.com%2Fmobile_detailn.action%3FnewsId%3D269806&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110831111538/http://www.firatnews.com/index.php?rupel=nuce&nuceID=42295">"Sevag Şahin'i vuran asker BBP'li miydi?"</a> (in Turkish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firatnews.com/index.php?rupel=nuce&nuceID=42295">the original</a> on 31 August 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sevag+%C5%9Eahin%27i+vuran+asker+BBP%27li+miydi%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.firatnews.com%2Findex.php%3Frupel%3Dnuce%26nuceID%3D42295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Halavurt:_Sevag_24_Nisan'da_Planlı_Şekilde_Öldürülmüş_Olabilir-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Halavurt:_Sevag_24_Nisan'da_Planlı_Şekilde_Öldürülmüş_Olabilir_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Halavurt:_Sevag_24_Nisan'da_Planlı_Şekilde_Öldürülmüş_Olabilir_32-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bianet.org/bianet/bianet/129759-halavurt-sevag-24-nisanda-planli-sekilde-oldurulmus-olabilir">"Halavurt: "Sevag 24 Nisan'da Planlı Şekilde Öldürülmüş Olabilir""</a>. Bianet (in Turkish). May 4, 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2012. <q>:Translated from Turkish: "On May 1, 2011, after investigating into the background of the suspect, we discovered that he was a sympathizer of the BBP. We also have encountured nationalist themes in his social networks. For example, Muhsin Yazicioglu and Abdullah Catli photos were present" according to Balikci lawyer Halavurt.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bianet&rft.atitle=Halavurt%3A+%22Sevag+24+Nisan%27da+Planl%C4%B1+%C5%9Eekilde+%C3%96ld%C3%BCr%C3%BClm%C3%BC%C5%9F+Olabilir%22&rft.date=2011-05-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bianet.org%2Fbianet%2Fbianet%2F129759-halavurt-sevag-24-nisanda-planli-sekilde-oldurulmus-olabilir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-What_Happened_to_Sevag_Balikci?-33"><a href="#cite_ref-What_Happened_to_Sevag_Balikci?_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radikal.com.tr/Radikal.aspx?aType=RadikalYazar&Date=09.05.2011&ArticleID=1048713">"Title translated from Turkish: What Happened to Sevag Balikci?"</a>. Radikal (in Turkish). Retrieved 29 December 2012. <q>Translated from Turkish: "We discovered that he was a sympathizer of the BBP. We also have encountered nationalist themes in his social networks. For example, Muhsin Yazicioglu and Abdullah Catli photos were present" according to Balikci lawyer Halavurt.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radikal&rft.atitle=Title+translated+from+Turkish%3A+What+Happened+to+Sevag+Balikci%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radikal.com.tr%2FRadikal.aspx%3FaType%3DRadikalYazar%26Date%3D09.05.2011%26ArticleID%3D1048713&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sevag'ın_Ölümünde_Şüpheler_Artıyor-34"><a href="#cite_ref-Sevag'ın_Ölümünde_Şüpheler_Artıyor_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130415113228/http://www.norzartonk.org/2011/05/07/sevag%E2%80%99in-olumunde-supheler-artiyor/">"Sevag'ın Ölümünde Şüpheler Artıyor"</a>. Nor Zartonk (in Turkish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.norzartonk.org/2011/05/07/sevag%E2%80%99in-olumunde-supheler-artiyor/">the original</a> on 15 April 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2012. <q>Title translated from Turkish: Doubts emerge on the death of Sevag</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nor+Zartonk&rft.atitle=Sevag%27%C4%B1n+%C3%96l%C3%BCm%C3%BCnde+%C5%9E%C3%BCpheler+Art%C4%B1yor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.norzartonk.org%2F2011%2F05%2F07%2Fsevag%25E2%2580%2599in-olumunde-supheler-artiyor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fiancé_of_Armenian_soldier_killed_in_Turkish_army_testifies_before_court-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fiancé_of_Armenian_soldier_killed_in_Turkish_army_testifies_before_court_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fiancé_of_Armenian_soldier_killed_in_Turkish_army_testifies_before_court_35-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130130022330/http://newsam.com/eng/news/100211.html">"Fiancé of Armenian soldier killed in Turkish army testifies before court"</a>. News.am. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsam.com/eng/news/100211.html">the original</a> on 30 January 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News.am&rft.atitle=Fianc%C3%A9+of+Armenian+soldier+killed+in+Turkish+army+testifies+before+court&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsam.com%2Feng%2Fnews%2F100211.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nişanlıdan_'Ermenilerle_savaşırsak_ilk_seni_öldürürüm'_iddiası-36"><a href="#cite_ref-Nişanlıdan_'Ermenilerle_savaşırsak_ilk_seni_öldürürüm'_iddiası_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sabah.com.tr/Yasam/2012/04/06/nisanlidan-ermenilerle-savasirsak-ilk-seni-oldururum-iddiasi">"Nişanlıdan 'Ermenilerle savaşırsak ilk seni öldürürüm' iddiası"</a>. Sabah (in Turkish). 2012-04-06. Retrieved 29 December 2012. <q>Title translated from Turkish: From the fiance: If we were to go to war with Armenia, I would kill you first"</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sabah&rft.atitle=Ni%C5%9Fanl%C4%B1dan+%27Ermenilerle+sava%C5%9F%C4%B1rsak+ilk+seni+%C3%B6ld%C3%BCr%C3%BCr%C3%BCm%27+iddias%C4%B1&rft.date=2012-04-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sabah.com.tr%2FYasam%2F2012%2F04%2F06%2Fnisanlidan-ermenilerle-savasirsak-ilk-seni-oldururum-iddiasi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Azeris_mark_20th_anniversary_of_Khojaly_Massacre_in_Istanbul-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Azeris_mark_20th_anniversary_of_Khojaly_Massacre_in_Istanbul_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Azeris_mark_20th_anniversary_of_Khojaly_Massacre_in_Istanbul_37-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/azeris-mark-20th-anniversary-of-khojaly-massacre-in-istanbul.aspx?pageID=238&nid=14673">"Azeris mark 20th anniversary of Khojaly Massacre in Istanbul"</a>. Hurriyet. February 26, 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2012. <q>One banner carried by dozens of protestors said, 'You are all Armenians, you are all bastards.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hurriyet&rft.atitle=Azeris+mark+20th+anniversary+of+Khojaly+Massacre+in+Istanbul&rft.date=2012-02-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fazeris-mark-20th-anniversary-of-khojaly-massacre-in-istanbul.aspx%3FpageID%3D238%26nid%3D14673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Inciting_Hatred:_Turkish_Protesters_Call_Armenians_'Bastards'-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Inciting_Hatred:_Turkish_Protesters_Call_Armenians_'Bastards'_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Inciting_Hatred:_Turkish_Protesters_Call_Armenians_'Bastards'_38-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150318114520/http://asbarez.com/101211/inciting-hatred-turkish-protesters-call-armenians-%e2%80%98bastards%e2%80%99/">"Inciting Hatred: Turkish Protesters Call Armenians 'Bastards'"</a>. Asbarez. February 28, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asbarez.com/101211/inciting-hatred-turkish-protesters-call-armenians-%E2%80%98bastards%E2%80%99/">the original</a> on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2012. <q>'Mount Ararat will Become Your Grave' Chant Turkish Students</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asbarez&rft.atitle=Inciting+Hatred%3A+Turkish+Protesters+Call+Armenians+%27Bastards%27&rft.date=2012-02-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasbarez.com%2F101211%2Finciting-hatred-turkish-protesters-call-armenians-%25E2%2580%2598bastards%25E2%2580%2599%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khojaly_Massacre_Protests_gone_wrong_in_Istanbul:_'_You_are_all_Armenian,_you_are_all_bastards_'-39"><a href="#cite_ref-Khojaly_Massacre_Protests_gone_wrong_in_Istanbul:_'_You_are_all_Armenian,_you_are_all_bastards_'_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalturk.com/en/khodzhaly-massacre-protests-gone-wrong-in-istanbul-you-are-all-armenian-you-are-all-bastards-16707">"Khojaly Massacre Protests gone wrong in Istanbul: ' You are all Armenian, you are all bastards '"</a>. National Turk. 28 February 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Turk&rft.atitle=Khojaly+Massacre+Protests+gone+wrong+in+Istanbul%3A+%27+You+are+all+Armenian%2C+you+are+all+bastards+%27&rft.date=2012-02-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalturk.com%2Fen%2Fkhodzhaly-massacre-protests-gone-wrong-in-istanbul-you-are-all-armenian-you-are-all-bastards-16707&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Protests_in_Istanbul:_"You_are_all_Armenian,_you_are_all_bastards"-40"><a href="#cite_ref-Protests_in_Istanbul:_"You_are_all_Armenian,_you_are_all_bastards"_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/21966/protests-in-istanbul-you-are-all-armenian-you-are">"Protests in Istanbul: "You are all Armenian, you are all bastards""</a>. LBC International. 2012-02-26. Retrieved 22 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LBC+International&rft.atitle=Protests+in+Istanbul%3A+%22You+are+all+Armenian%2C+you+are+all+bastards%22&rft.date=2012-02-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lbcgroup.tv%2Fnews%2F21966%2Fprotests-in-istanbul-you-are-all-armenian-you-are&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121129035729/http://www.todayszaman.com/news-299589-ultra-nationalist-group-targets-turkeys-armenians.html">"Ultra-nationalist group targets Turkey's Armenians"</a>. Zaman. 28 November 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayszaman.com/news-299589-ultra-nationalist-group-targets-turkeys-armenians.html">the original</a> on 29 November 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zaman&rft.atitle=Ultra-nationalist+group+targets+Turkey%27s+Armenians&rft.date=2012-11-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayszaman.com%2Fnews-299589-ultra-nationalist-group-targets-turkeys-armenians.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> (in Russian) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fyodor_Lukyanov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fyodor Lukyanov (page does not exist)">Fyodor Lukyanov</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%A4%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Лукьянов, Фёдор Александрович">ru</a>], Editor-in-Chief of the journal Russia in Global Affairs <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vz.ru/opinions/2011/8/2/511811.html">"Первый и неразрешимый"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vzglyad_(newspaper)" title="Vzglyad (newspaper)">Vzglyad</a>. 2 August 2011. Retrieved 12 January 2013. <q>Армянофобия – институциональная часть современной азербайджанской государственности, и, конечно, Карабах в центре этого всего. "Armenophobia is the institutional part of the modern Azerbaijani statehood and Karabakh is in the center of it."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B9&rft.date=2011-08-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvz.ru%2Fopinions%2F2011%2F8%2F2%2F511811.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921073055/http://hudoc.fcnm.coe.int/XMLEcri/ENGLISH/Cycle_02/02_CbC_eng/02-cbc-azerbaijan-eng.pdf">"Report on Azerbaijan"</a> (PDF). Strasbourg: <a href="/wiki/European_Commission_against_Racism_and_Intolerance" title="European Commission against Racism and Intolerance">European Commission against Racism and Intolerance</a>. 15 April 2003. p. 2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hudoc.fcnm.coe.int/XMLEcri/ENGLISH/Cycle_02/02_CbC_eng/02-cbc-azerbaijan-eng.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2013. <q>Due to the conflict, there is a widespread negative sentiment toward Armenians in Azerbaijani society today." "In general, hate-speech and derogatory public statements against Armenians take place routinely.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+on+Azerbaijan&rft.place=Strasbourg&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=European+Commission+against+Racism+and+Intolerance&rft.date=2003-04-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhudoc.fcnm.coe.int%2FXMLEcri%2FENGLISH%2FCycle_02%2F02_CbC_eng%2F02-cbc-azerbaijan-eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2007_ecri_report-44"><a href="#cite_ref-2007_ecri_report_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921072548/http://hudoc.fcnm.coe.int/XMLEcri/ENGLISH/Cycle_03/03_CbC_eng/AZE-CbC-III-2007-22-ENG.pdf">"Second report on Azerbaijan"</a> (PDF). Strasbourg: <a href="/wiki/European_Commission_against_Racism_and_Intolerance" title="European Commission against Racism and Intolerance">European Commission against Racism and Intolerance</a>. 24 May 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hudoc.fcnm.coe.int/XMLEcri/ENGLISH/Cycle_03/03_CbC_eng/AZE-CbC-III-2007-22-ENG.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Second+report+on+Azerbaijan&rft.place=Strasbourg&rft.pub=European+Commission+against+Racism+and+Intolerance&rft.date=2007-05-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhudoc.fcnm.coe.int%2FXMLEcri%2FENGLISH%2FCycle_03%2F03_CbC_eng%2FAZE-CbC-III-2007-22-ENG.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BournoutianTatarMuslim-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BournoutianTatarMuslim_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BournoutianTatarMuslim_45-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BournoutianTatarMuslim_45-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBournoutian2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Bournoutian" title="George Bournoutian">Bournoutian, George</a> (2018). Armenia and Imperial Decline: The Yerevan Province, 1900-1914. Routledge. p. 35 (note 25).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armenia+and+Imperial+Decline%3A+The+Yerevan+Province%2C+1900-1914&rft.pages=35+%28note+25%29&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Bournoutian&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dawisha2-47"><a href="#cite_ref-Dawisha2_47-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDawishaParrot,_Bruce1994" class="citation book cs1">Dawisha, Karen; Parrot, Bruce (1994). The International Politics of Eurasia. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe. p. 242. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781563243530" title="Special:BookSources/9781563243530"><bdi>9781563243530</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+International+Politics+of+Eurasia&rft.place=Armonk%2C+NY&rft.pages=242&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9781563243530&rft.aulast=Dawisha&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.au=Parrot%2C+Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_GerwarthJohn_Horne2012" class="citation book cs1">Robert Gerwarth; John Horne, eds. (27 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ap94gZsbu6QC">War in peace : paramilitary violence in Europe after the Great War</a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199654918" title="Special:BookSources/9780199654918"><bdi>9780199654918</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+in+peace+%3A+paramilitary+violence+in+Europe+after+the+Great+War&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012-09-27&rft.isbn=9780199654918&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAp94gZsbu6QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IHF_2005_report2-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IHF_2005_report2_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IHF_2005_report2_49-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100429230856/http://www.ihf-hr.org/viewbinary/viewdocument.php?doc_id=6322">"Human Rights in the OSCE Region: Europe, Central Asia and North America, Report 2005 (Events of 2004)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Helsinki_Federation_for_Human_Rights" title="International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights">International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ihf-hr.org/viewbinary/viewdocument.php?doc_id=6322">the original</a> on 29 April 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2013. <q>The unresolved conflict with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh stimulated "armenophobia."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Rights+in+the+OSCE+Region%3A+Europe%2C+Central+Asia+and+North+America%2C+Report+2005+%28Events+of+2004%29&rft.pub=International+Helsinki+Federation+for+Human+Rights&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ihf-hr.org%2Fviewbinary%2Fviewdocument.php%3Fdoc_id%3D6322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hrw2-50"><a href="#cite_ref-hrw2_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuman_Rights_Watch1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/azerbaijanseveny00huma">Azerbaijan: seven years of conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh</a>. New York: Humans Rights Watch. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56432-142-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-56432-142-8"><bdi>1-56432-142-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Azerbaijan%3A+seven+years+of+conflict+in+Nagorno-Karabakh&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Humans+Rights+Watch&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1-56432-142-8&rft.au=Human+Rights+Watch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fazerbaijanseveny00huma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Waal2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Waal" title="Thomas de Waal">de Waal, Thomas</a> (2003). Black garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan through peace and war. New York: New York University Press. p. 286. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814719459" title="Special:BookSources/9780814719459"><bdi>9780814719459</bdi></a>. <q>This means that the combined area of Azerbaijan under Armenian occupation was approximately 11,797 km2 or 4,555 square miles. Azerbaijan's total area is 86,600 km2. So the occupied zone is in fact 13.62 percent of Azerbaijan—still a large figure, but a long way short of President Aliev's repeated claim.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+garden%3A+Armenia+and+Azerbaijan+through+peace+and+war&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=286&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780814719459&rft.aulast=de+Waal&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2007_ecri_report2-52"><a href="#cite_ref-2007_ecri_report2_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921072548/http://hudoc.fcnm.coe.int/XMLEcri/ENGLISH/Cycle_03/03_CbC_eng/AZE-CbC-III-2007-22-ENG.pdf">"Second report on Azerbaijan"</a> (PDF). Strasbourg: <a href="/wiki/European_Commission_against_Racism_and_Intolerance" title="European Commission against Racism and Intolerance">European Commission against Racism and Intolerance</a>. 24 May 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hudoc.fcnm.coe.int/XMLEcri/ENGLISH/Cycle_03/03_CbC_eng/AZE-CbC-III-2007-22-ENG.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Second+report+on+Azerbaijan&rft.place=Strasbourg&rft.pub=European+Commission+against+Racism+and+Intolerance&rft.date=2007-05-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhudoc.fcnm.coe.int%2FXMLEcri%2FENGLISH%2FCycle_03%2F03_CbC_eng%2FAZE-CbC-III-2007-22-ENG.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatch2020" class="citation web cs1">Watch, Genocide (2020-05-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genocidewatch.com/single-post/2020/05/11/turkey-erdogan-uses-leftovers-of-the-sword-anti-christian-hate-speech">"Turkey: Erdogan uses "Leftovers of the Sword" anti-Christian hate speech"</a>. genocidewatch. Retrieved 2023-03-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=genocidewatch&rft.atitle=Turkey%3A+Erdogan+uses+%22Leftovers+of+the+Sword%22+anti-Christian+hate+speech&rft.date=2020-05-11&rft.aulast=Watch&rft.aufirst=Genocide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.genocidewatch.com%2Fsingle-post%2F2020%2F05%2F11%2Fturkey-erdogan-uses-leftovers-of-the-sword-anti-christian-hate-speech&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatch2020" class="citation web cs1">Watch, Genocide (2020-11-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genocidewatch.com/_files/ugd/137a5c_612fc0b2ce6f4d0f99f99a942d0d8516.pdf">"Genocide Emergency Alert on the War in Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh)"</a> (PDF). genocidewatch. Retrieved 2023-03-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=genocidewatch&rft.atitle=Genocide+Emergency+Alert+on+the+War+in+Artsakh+%28Nagorno-Karabakh%29&rft.date=2020-11-06&rft.aulast=Watch&rft.aufirst=Genocide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.genocidewatch.com%2F_files%2Fugd%2F137a5c_612fc0b2ce6f4d0f99f99a942d0d8516.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/ins/azerba93.pdf">"Azerbaijan: The Status of Armenians, Russians, Jews and other minorities"</a> (PDF). Washington, DC: <a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service" title="Immigration and Naturalization Service">Immigration and Naturalization Service</a>. 1993. p. 10. Retrieved 25 January 2013. <q>Despite the constitutional guarantees against religious discrimination, numerous acts of vandalism against the Armenian Apostolic Church have been reported throughout Azerbaijan. These acts are clearly connected to anti-Armenian sentiments brought to the surface by the war between Armenia and Azerbaijan.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Azerbaijan%3A+The+Status+of+Armenians%2C+Russians%2C+Jews+and+other+minorities&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Immigration+and+Naturalization+Service&rft.date=1993&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.umn.edu%2Fhumanrts%2Fins%2Fazerba93.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_G._StoneJoanne_Farchakh_Bajjaly2008" class="citation book cs1">Peter G. Stone; Joanne Farchakh Bajjaly (2008). The destruction of cultural heritage in Iraq. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press. p. xi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843833840" title="Special:BookSources/9781843833840"><bdi>9781843833840</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+destruction+of+cultural+heritage+in+Iraq&rft.place=Woodbridge%2C+Suffolk&rft.pages=xi&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781843833840&rft.au=Peter+G.+Stone&rft.au=Joanne+Farchakh+Bajjaly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdalian2010" class="citation book cs1">Adalian, Rouben Paul (2010). Historical dictionary of Armenia. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. p. 95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810860964" title="Special:BookSources/9780810860964"><bdi>9780810860964</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+dictionary+of+Armenia&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Md.&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780810860964&rft.aulast=Adalian&rft.aufirst=Rouben+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> (in Russian) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fyodor_Lukyanov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fyodor Lukyanov (page does not exist)">Fyodor Lukyanov</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%A4%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Лукьянов, Фёдор Александрович">ru</a>], editor-in-chief of the journal Russia in Global Affairs <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vz.ru/opinions/2011/8/2/511811.html">"Первый и неразрешимый"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vzglyad_(newspaper)" title="Vzglyad (newspaper)">Vzglyad</a>. 2 August 2011. Retrieved 25 April 2014. <q>Армянофобия – институциональная часть современной азербайджанской государственности, и, конечно, Карабах в центре этого всего.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vzglyad&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B9&rft.date=2011-08-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvz.ru%2Fopinions%2F2011%2F8%2F2%2F511811.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2011_ecri_report2-59"><a href="#cite_ref-2011_ecri_report2_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130316045847/http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/ecri/Country-by-country/Azerbaijan/AZE-CbC-IV-2011-019-ENG.pdf">"ECRI report on Azerbaijan (fourth monitoring cycle)"</a> (PDF). Strasbourg, France: <a href="/wiki/European_Commission_against_Racism_and_Intolerance" title="European Commission against Racism and Intolerance">European Commission against Racism and Intolerance</a>. 31 May 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/ecri/Country-by-country/Azerbaijan/AZE-CbC-IV-2011-019-ENG.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 16 March 2013. Retrieved 19 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ECRI+report+on+Azerbaijan+%28fourth+monitoring+cycle%29&rft.place=Strasbourg%2C+France&rft.pub=European+Commission+against+Racism+and+Intolerance&rft.date=2011-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coe.int%2Ft%2Fdghl%2Fmonitoring%2Fecri%2FCountry-by-country%2FAzerbaijan%2FAZE-CbC-IV-2011-019-ENG.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> <a href="//archive.org/details/2011ReportOfTheEuropeanCommissionAgainstRacismAndIntoleranceOn" class="extiw" title="iarchive:2011ReportOfTheEuropeanCommissionAgainstRacismAndIntoleranceOn">Alt URL</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheterian2018" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vicken_Cheterian" title="Vicken Cheterian">Cheterian, Vicken</a> (2018). "The Uses and Abuses of History: Genocide and the Making of the Karabakh Conflict". Europe-Asia Studies. 70 (6): 884–903. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09668136.2018.1489634">10.1080/09668136.2018.1489634</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:158760921">158760921</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Europe-Asia+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Uses+and+Abuses+of+History%3A+Genocide+and+the+Making+of+the+Karabakh+Conflict&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=884-903&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09668136.2018.1489634&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A158760921%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Cheterian&rft.aufirst=Vicken&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2013" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Jeremy (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oYhtAAAAQBAJ&q=%22National+identity+in+post-Soviet+Azerbaijan+rests+in+large+part,+then,+on+the+cult+of+the+Alievs,+alongside+a+sense+of+embattlement+and+victimisation+and+a+virulent+hatred+of+Armenia+and+Armenians%22&pg=PA296">Red Nations</a>. 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Retrieved 2022-03-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.europarl.europa.eu&rft.atitle=JOINT+MOTION+FOR+A+RESOLUTION+on+the+destruction+of+cultural+heritage+in+Nagorno-Karabakh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fdoceo%2Fdocument%2FRC-9-2022-0146_EN.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKOVATCHEV" class="citation web cs1">KOVATCHEV, Andrey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/A-9-2023-0036_EN.html">"REPORT on EU-Armenia relations | A9-0036/2023 | European Parliament"</a>. www.europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved 2023-03-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.europarl.europa.eu&rft.atitle=REPORT+on+EU-Armenia+relations+%7C+A9-0036%2F2023+%7C+European+Parliament&rft.aulast=KOVATCHEV&rft.aufirst=Andrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fdoceo%2Fdocument%2FA-9-2023-0036_EN.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apa.az/en/domestic-policy/azerbaijani-parliament-issues-protest-statement-regarding-european-parliaments-resolution-398952">"Azerbaijani Parliament issues protest statement regarding European Parliament's resolution"</a>. Apa.az. Retrieved 2023-03-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Apa.az&rft.atitle=Azerbaijani+Parliament+issues+protest+statement+regarding+European+Parliament%27s+resolution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapa.az%2Fen%2Fdomestic-policy%2Fazerbaijani-parliament-issues-protest-statement-regarding-european-parliaments-resolution-398952&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/nov/19/ceasefire-agreement-azerbaijan-great-risks-armenia">"The ceasefire agreement with Azerbaijan comes with great risks for Armenia"</a>. The Guardian. 19 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+ceasefire+agreement+with+Azerbaijan+comes+with+great+risks+for+Armenia&rft.date=2020-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2020%2Fnov%2F19%2Fceasefire-agreement-azerbaijan-great-risks-armenia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastle2011" class="citation news cs1">Castle, Stephen (23 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/azerbaijan-flattened-sacred-armenian-site-480272.html">"Azerbaijan 'flattened' sacred Armenian site"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/azerbaijan-flattened-sacred-armenian-site-480272.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Azerbaijan+%27flattened%27+sacred+Armenian+site&rft.date=2011-10-23&rft.aulast=Castle&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fazerbaijan-flattened-sacred-armenian-site-480272.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntonyanSiekierski2014" class="citation book cs1">Antonyan, Yulia; Siekierski, Konrad (2014). "A neopagan movement in Armenia: the children of Ara". In Aitamurto, Kaarina; Simpson, Scott (eds.). Modern Pagan and Native Faith Movements in Central and Eastern Europe. Routledge. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2L3oBAAAQBAJ&dq=cultural+genocide=+julfa+cemetery&pg=PA280">280</a>. <q>By analogy, other tragic events or threatening processes are designated today by Armenians as "cultural genocide" (for example, the destruction by Azerbaijanis of the Armenian cemetery in Julfa)...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+neopagan+movement+in+Armenia%3A+the+children+of+Ara&rft.btitle=Modern+Pagan+and+Native+Faith+Movements+in+Central+and+Eastern+Europe&rft.pages=280&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Antonyan&rft.aufirst=Yulia&rft.au=Siekierski%2C+Konrad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhazinyan2006" class="citation news cs1">Ghazinyan, Aris (13 January 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151125053050/http://armenianow.com/news/6092/cultural_war_systematic_destructio">"Cultural War: Systematic destruction of Old Julfa khachkars raises international attention"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ArmeniaNow" title="ArmeniaNow">ArmeniaNow</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://armenianow.com/news/6092/cultural_war_systematic_destructio">the original</a> on 25 November 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2015. <q>...another "cultural genocide being perpetrated by Azerbaijan."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ArmeniaNow&rft.atitle=Cultural+War%3A+Systematic+destruction+of+Old+Julfa+khachkars+raises+international+attention&rft.date=2006-01-13&rft.aulast=Ghazinyan&rft.aufirst=Aris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farmenianow.com%2Fnews%2F6092%2Fcultural_war_systematic_destructio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUğur_Ümit_Üngör2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/U%C4%9Fur_%C3%9Cmit_%C3%9Cng%C3%B6r" title="Uğur Ümit Üngör">Uğur Ümit Üngör</a> (2015). "Cultural genocide: Destruction of material and non-material human culture". In Carmichael, Cathie; Maguire, Richard C. (eds.). 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Citigroup+Fined+%2425.9+Million+For+Allegedly+Discriminating+Against+Armenian+Americans&rft.date=2023-11-08&rft.aulast=Saul&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fdereksaul%2F2023%2F11%2F08%2Fcitigroup-fined-259-million-for-allegedly-discriminating-against-armenian-americans%2F%3Fsh%3D27903cfe5b1e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerfner2009" class="citation news cs1">Derfner, Larry (26 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Magazine/Mouths-filled-with-hatred">"Mouths filled with hatred"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>. <q>Of all Old City Christians, the Armenians get spat on most frequently because their quarter stands closest to those hot spots.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Mouths+filled+with+hatred&rft.date=2009-11-26&rft.aulast=Derfner&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FMagazine%2FMouths-filled-with-hatred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg2011" class="citation news cs1">Rosenberg, Oz (6 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/armenian-clergy-subjected-to-haredi-spitting-attacks-1.393912">"Armenian clergy subjected to Haredi spitting attacks"</a>. Haaretz. Retrieved 3 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Armenian+clergy+subjected+to+Haredi+spitting+attacks&rft.date=2011-11-06&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Oz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fprint-edition%2Fnews%2Farmenian-clergy-subjected-to-haredi-spitting-attacks-1.393912&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/week-s-end/.premium-1.532541">"'We are third-class citizens,' says Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. 29 June 2012. Retrieved 31 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=%27We+are+third-class+citizens%2C%27+says+Armenian+Patriarch+of+Jerusalem&rft.date=2012-06-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fweekend%2Fweek-s-end%2F.premium-1.532541&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsrael2019" class="citation web cs1">Israel, David (18 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishpress.com/news/israel/israeli-arabs/report-60-armenian-church-students-attempted-lynching-of-2-jews-on-eve-of-shavuot/2019/06/18/">"Report: 60 Armenian-Church Students Attempted Lynching of 2 Jews on Eve of Shavuot"</a>. The Jewish Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jewish+Press&rft.atitle=Report%3A+60+Armenian-Church+Students+Attempted+Lynching+of+2+Jews+on+Eve+of+Shavuot&rft.date=2019-06-18&rft.aulast=Israel&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishpress.com%2Fnews%2Fisrael%2Fisraeli-arabs%2Freport-60-armenian-church-students-attempted-lynching-of-2-jews-on-eve-of-shavuot%2F2019%2F06%2F18%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Jazeera_Staff2023" class="citation web cs1">Al Jazeera Staff (9 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2023/4/9/under-netanyahu-violence-against-christians-is-being-normalised">"'Death to Christians': Violence steps up under new Israeli gov't"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Death+to+Christians%27%3A+Violence+steps+up+under+new+Israeli+gov%27t&rft.date=2023-04-09&rft.au=Al+Jazeera+Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Ffeatures%2F2023%2F4%2F9%2Funder-netanyahu-violence-against-christians-is-being-normalised&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ataa.org/armenian-issue-revisited/quote-by-israeli-foreign-minister-shimon-peres">"Quote by Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres"</a>. 5 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quote+by+Israeli+Foreign+Minister+Shimon+Peres&rft.date=2017-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ataa.org%2Farmenian-issue-revisited%2Fquote-by-israeli-foreign-minister-shimon-peres&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/.premium-the-jews-who-befriended-turkey-and-became-genocide-deniers-1.8792672">"The Jews Who Befriended Turkey and Became Genocide Deniers"</a>. Haaretz.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=The+Jews+Who+Befriended+Turkey+and+Became+Genocide+Deniers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fmiddle-east-news%2F.premium-the-jews-who-befriended-turkey-and-became-genocide-deniers-1.8792672&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-anca.org-144">^ <a href="#cite_ref-anca.org_144-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-anca.org_144-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anca.org/israeli-knesset-committee-recognizes-armenian-genocide/">"Israeli Knesset Committee Recognizes Armenian Genocide"</a>. Armenian National Committee of America. 2016-08-01. Retrieved 2021-04-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Armenian+National+Committee+of+America&rft.atitle=Israeli+Knesset+Committee+Recognizes+Armenian+Genocide&rft.date=2016-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanca.org%2Fisraeli-knesset-committee-recognizes-armenian-genocide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLazar_Berman2021" class="citation web cs1">Lazar Berman (27 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/why-israel-wont-follow-bidens-lead-and-recognize-armenian-genocide/">"Why Israel won't follow Biden's lead and recognize Armenian genocide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a>. Retrieved 26 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Why+Israel+won%27t+follow+Biden%27s+lead+and+recognize+Armenian+genocide&rft.date=2021-04-27&rft.au=Lazar+Berman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fwhy-israel-wont-follow-bidens-lead-and-recognize-armenian-genocide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gagrule.net/in-israel-azeris-attacked-peaceful-armenian-protesters-with-batons-and-stones/">"In Israel, Azeris attacked peaceful Armenian protesters with batons and stones"</a>. 17 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+Israel%2C+Azeris+attacked+peaceful+Armenian+protesters+with+batons+and+stones&rft.date=2020-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgagrule.net%2Fin-israel-azeris-attacked-peaceful-armenian-protesters-with-batons-and-stones%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/.premium-how-pro-israel-jews-became-azerbaijan-s-secret-weapon-in-washington-1.6033307">"How pro-Israel Jews Became Azerbaijan's Secret Weapon in Washington"</a>. Haaretz.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=How+pro-Israel+Jews+Became+Azerbaijan%27s+Secret+Weapon+in+Washington&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fus-news%2F.premium-how-pro-israel-jews-became-azerbaijan-s-secret-weapon-in-washington-1.6033307&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHubbard2014" class="citation news cs1">Hubbard, Ben (23 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/24/world/middleeast/islamic-state-controls-raqqa-syria.html">"Islamic State Controls Raqqa"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Islamic+State+Controls+Raqqa&rft.date=2014-07-23&rft.aulast=Hubbard&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F07%2F24%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fislamic-state-controls-raqqa-syria.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToi_Staff" class="citation web cs1">Toi Staff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/is-reportedly-destroys-armenian-genocide-memorial/">"IS said to destroy Armenian Genocide memorial"</a>. Times of Israel.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=IS+said+to+destroy+Armenian+Genocide+memorial&rft.au=Toi+Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fis-reportedly-destroys-armenian-genocide-memorial%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armenianow.com/karabakh/35575/palistan_azerbaijan_partnership_nagorno_karabakh">"Pakistani President: "Islamabad will support Azerbaijan in Nagorno Karabakh issue""</a>. <a href="/wiki/ArmeniaNow" title="ArmeniaNow">ArmeniaNow</a>. 14 February 2012. Retrieved 2 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ArmeniaNow&rft.atitle=Pakistani+President%3A+%22Islamabad+will+support+Azerbaijan+in+Nagorno+Karabakh+issue%22&rft.date=2012-02-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.armenianow.com%2Fkarabakh%2F35575%2Fpalistan_azerbaijan_partnership_nagorno_karabakh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Horowitz-151"><a href="#cite_ref-Horowitz_151-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorowitz2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_L._Horowitz" title="Donald L. Horowitz">Horowitz, Donald L.</a> (2002). The Deadly Ethnic Riot. University of California Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UwA1aaB2WGgC&dq=armenians+dushanbe+1990&pg=PA74">74</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-23642-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-23642-4"><bdi>0-520-23642-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Deadly+Ethnic+Riot&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-520-23642-4&rft.aulast=Horowitz&rft.aufirst=Donald+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTakeyhNikolas_K._Gvosdev2004" class="citation book cs1">Takeyh, Ray; Nikolas K. Gvosdev (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=85BTay8abYsC&q=Dushanbe+riots&pg=PA126">The Receding Shadow of the Prophet</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-97629-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-97629-7"><bdi>0-275-97629-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Receding+Shadow+of+the+Prophet&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-275-97629-7&rft.aulast=Takeyh&rft.aufirst=Ray&rft.au=Nikolas+K.+Gvosdev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D85BTay8abYsC%26q%3DDushanbe%2Briots%26pg%3DPA126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Isakowicz-Zaleski" title="Tadeusz Isakowicz-Zaleski">Tadeusz Isakowicz-Zaleski</a>, Przemilczane ludobójstwo na Kresach, Kraków 2008,<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-922939-8-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-922939-8-9">978-83-922939-8-9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> Romuald Niedzielko, Kresowa księga sprawiedliwych 1939-1945. O Ukraińcach ratujących Polaków poddanych eksterminacji przez OUN i UPA, Warszawa 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-60464-61-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-60464-61-8">978-83-60464-61-8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanamyan2009" class="citation news cs1">Sanamyan, Emil (3 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141020033420/http://www.reporter.am/go/article/2009-07-03-armenians-targeted-in-ukraine-incident">"Armenians targeted in Ukraine incident"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_Reporter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armenian Reporter (page does not exist)">Armenian Reporter</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reporter.am/go/article/2009-07-03-armenians-targeted-in-ukraine-incident">the original</a> on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2014. <q>The knifing death of Sergei Bondarenko (pictured) was followed by anti-Armenian reprisals in a small Ukrainian town.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Armenian+Reporter&rft.atitle=Armenians+targeted+in+Ukraine+incident&rft.date=2009-07-03&rft.aulast=Sanamyan&rft.aufirst=Emil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reporter.am%2Fgo%2Farticle%2F2009-07-03-armenians-targeted-in-ukraine-incident&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.analitik.org.ua/current-comment/int/4a530eba67afe/">Межнациональные столкновения в Марганце</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120426031125/http://www.analitik.org.ua/current-comment/int/4a530eba67afe/">Archived</a> 2012-04-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "Армяне массово выезжают в другие города." </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.azatutyun.am/a/32239536.html">"Ukrainian Official Explains 'Anti-Armenian' Statement"</a>. Azatutyun.am. 25 January 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Azatutyun.am&rft.atitle=Ukrainian+Official+Explains+%27Anti-Armenian%27+Statement&rft.date=2023-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.azatutyun.am%2Fa%2F32239536.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161005024427/http://www.konyayenigun.com/haber/93883/Isa_Yusuf_Alptekin_ve_Turkiyenin_Siyasal_Hayatina_Etkileri.html">"İsa Yusuf Alptekin ve Türkiye'nin Siyasal Hayatına Etkileri"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.konyayenigun.com/haber/93883/Isa_Yusuf_Alptekin_ve_Turkiyenin_Siyasal_Hayatina_Etkileri.html">the original</a> on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C4%B0sa+Yusuf+Alptekin+ve+T%C3%BCrkiye%27nin+Siyasal+Hayat%C4%B1na+Etkileri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.konyayenigun.com%2Fhaber%2F93883%2FIsa_Yusuf_Alptekin_ve_Turkiyenin_Siyasal_Hayatina_Etkileri.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Armenian_sentiment&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Hilmar Kaiser: Imperialism, Racism, and Development Theories. The Construction of a Dominant Paradigm on Ottoman Armenians, Gomidas Institute, Ann Arbor (MI) 1997</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOnatCubukcuDemirAkca2020" class="citation journal cs1">Onat, Ismail; Cubukcu, Suat; Demir, Fatih; Akca, Davut (2020). "Framing anti-Americanism in Turkey: An empirical comparison of domestic and international media". International Journal of Media & Cultural Politics. 16 (2): 139–157. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1386%2Fmacp_00021_1">10.1386/macp_00021_1</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:225861881">225861881</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Media+%26+Cultural+Politics&rft.atitle=Framing+anti-Americanism+in+Turkey%3A+An+empirical+comparison+of+domestic+and+international+media&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=139-157&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1386%2Fmacp_00021_1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A225861881%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Onat&rft.aufirst=Ismail&rft.au=Cubukcu%2C+Suat&rft.au=Demir%2C+Fatih&rft.au=Akca%2C+Davut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuciyan2015" class="citation book cs1">Suciyan, Talin (2015). The Armenians in Modern Turkey: Post-Genocide Society, Politics and History. Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85772-773-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85772-773-2"><bdi>978-0-85772-773-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Armenians+in+Modern+Turkey%3A+Post-Genocide+Society%2C+Politics+and+History&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-85772-773-2&rft.aulast=Suciyan&rft.aufirst=Talin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaydenova2014" class="citation journal cs1">Naydenova, Desislava (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=84655">"Anti-Armenian Polemics in a Slavic Canon Law Miscellany (Ms. Slav. No 461 from the Manuscript Collection of the Romanian Academy)"</a>. Études balkaniques (3): 82–95. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2534-8574">2534-8574</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C3%89tudes+balkaniques&rft.atitle=Anti-Armenian+Polemics+in+a+Slavic+Canon+Law+Miscellany+%28Ms.+Slav.+No+461+from+the+Manuscript+Collection+of+the+Romanian+Academy%29&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=82-95&rft.date=2014&rft.issn=2534-8574&rft.aulast=Naydenova&rft.aufirst=Desislava&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceeol.com%2Fsearch%2Farticle-detail%3Fid%3D84655&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKolstøBlakkisrud2013" class="citation journal cs1">Kolstø, Pål; Blakkisrud, Helge (2013). "Yielding to the sons of the soil: Abkhazian democracy and the marginalization of the Armenian vote". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 36 (12): 2075–2095. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01419870.2012.675079">10.1080/01419870.2012.675079</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144252799">144252799</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethnic+and+Racial+Studies&rft.atitle=Yielding+to+the+sons+of+the+soil%3A+Abkhazian+democracy+and+the+marginalization+of+the+Armenian+vote&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=2075-2095&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01419870.2012.675079&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144252799%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kolst%C3%B8&rft.aufirst=P%C3%A5l&rft.au=Blakkisrud%2C+Helge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKasbarianÖktem2014" class="citation journal cs1">Kasbarian, Sossie; Öktem, Kerem (2014). "Subversive friendships: Turkish and Armenian encounters in transnational space". Patterns of Prejudice. 48 (2): 121–146. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0031322X.2014.900208">10.1080/0031322X.2014.900208</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144649549">144649549</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Patterns+of+Prejudice&rft.atitle=Subversive+friendships%3A+Turkish+and+Armenian+encounters+in+transnational+space&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=121-146&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0031322X.2014.900208&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144649549%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kasbarian&rft.aufirst=Sossie&rft.au=%C3%96ktem%2C+Kerem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIhrig2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Ihrig" title="Stefan Ihrig">Ihrig, Stefan</a> (2016). <a href="/wiki/Justifying_Genocide:_Germany_and_the_Armenians_from_Bismarck_to_Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler">Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler</a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-50479-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-50479-0"><bdi>978-0-674-50479-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Justifying+Genocide%3A+Germany+and+the+Armenians+from+Bismarck+to+Hitler&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-674-50479-0&rft.aulast=Ihrig&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNefes2021" class="citation journal cs1">Nefes, Türkay Salim (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fnps.2021.6">"The Relationship between Perceived Security Threats and Negative Descriptions of Armenians in Turkish Politics (1946–1960)"</a>. Nationalities Papers. 50 (6): 1217–1231. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fnps.2021.6">10.1017/nps.2021.6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nationalities+Papers&rft.atitle=The+Relationship+between+Perceived+Security+Threats+and+Negative+Descriptions+of+Armenians+in+Turkish+Politics+%281946%E2%80%931960%29&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1217-1231&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fnps.2021.6&rft.aulast=Nefes&rft.aufirst=T%C3%BCrkay+Salim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252Fnps.2021.6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNefes2021" class="citation journal cs1">Nefes, Türkay Salim (2021). "Explaining negative descriptions of Armenians in Turkish parliamentary speeches (1960–1980) via group position theory". Quality & Quantity. 55 (6): 2237–2252. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11135-021-01108-8">10.1007/s11135-021-01108-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10261%2F306132">10261/306132</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233944826">233944826</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quality+%26+Quantity&rft.atitle=Explaining+negative+descriptions+of+Armenians+in+Turkish+parliamentary+speeches+%281960%E2%80%931980%29+via+group+position+theory&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=2237-2252&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10261%2F306132&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A233944826%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11135-021-01108-8&rft.aulast=Nefes&rft.aufirst=T%C3%BCrkay+Salim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-Armenian+sentiment" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Richard Albrecht, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trend.infopartisan.net/Armenozid/%5B3-Richard%20Albrecht%5D%20Armenien%20ohne%20Armenier%20(SZRKG%202012).pdf">«nous voulons une Arménie sans Arméniens». Drei Jahrzehnte Armenierbilder in kolonial-imperialistischen und totalitär-faschistischen Diskursen in Deutschland, 1913–1943</a> page 625 Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Religions- und Kulturgeschichte 106 (2012)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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discrimination">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_hair_texture" title="Discrimination based on hair texture">Hair texture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Height_discrimination" title="Height discrimination">Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_discrimination" title="Linguistic discrimination">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookism" title="Lookism">Looks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanism" title="Sanism">Mental disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Race / Ethnicity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_skin_tone" title="Discrimination based on skin tone">Skin color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankism" title="Rankism">Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_discrimination" title="Sexual orientation discrimination">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizeism" title="Sizeism">Size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewpoint_discrimination" title="Viewpoint discrimination">Viewpoint</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arophobia">Arophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_asexual_people" title="Discrimination against asexual people">Acephobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adultism" title="Adultism">Adultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_people_with_albinism" title="Persecution of people with albinism">Anti-albinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_autistic_people" title="Discrimination against autistic people">Anti-autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_homeless_people" title="Discrimination against homeless people">Anti-homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_drug_addicts" title="Discrimination against drug addicts">Anti-drug addicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_intersex_people" title="Discrimination against intersex people">Anti-intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias_against_left-handed_people" title="Bias against left-handed people">Anti-left handedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aporophobia" title="Aporophobia">Aporophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audism" title="Audism">Audism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphobia" title="Biphobia">Biphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clannism" class="mw-redirect" title="Clannism">Clannism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephebiphobia" title="Ephebiphobia">Ephebiphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health" title="Social determinants of health">Social determinants of health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health_in_poverty" title="Social determinants of health in poverty">Social determinants of health in poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_mental_health" title="Social determinants of mental health">Social determinants of mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_of_obesity" title="Social stigma of obesity">Fatphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_gay_men" title="Discrimination against gay men">Gayphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontophobia" title="Gerontophobia">Gerontophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexism" title="Heterosexism">Heterosexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS" title="Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprosy_stigma" title="Leprosy stigma">Leprosy stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbophobia">Lesbophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_men" title="Discrimination against men">Discrimination against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">Misandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">Nepotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_children" title="Fear of children">Pedophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_foreigner" title="Perpetual foreigner">Perpetual foreigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_discrimination" title="Pregnancy discrimination">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">Sectarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supremacism" title="Supremacism">Supremacism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Male</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Non-binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Trans men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_atheists" title="Discrimination against atheists">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusivism#Religious_exclusivism" title="Exclusivism">Exclusivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">LDS or Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Christianity" title="Persecution of Orthodox Tewahedo Christianity">Tewahedo Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">post–Cold War era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">Untouchability</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Sunnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_minority_Muslim_groups" title="Persecution of minority Muslim groups">minority Muslim</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_modern_pagans" title="Religious discrimination against modern pagans">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sikh_sentiment" title="Anti-Sikh sentiment">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Yazidis" title="Persecution of Yazidis">Yazidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic/<a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_nationality" title="Discrimination based on nationality">National</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Afghan_sentiment" title="Anti-Afghan sentiment">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-African_sentiment" title="Anti-African sentiment">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Albanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Albanian sentiment">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Arab_racism" title="Anti-Arab racism">Arab</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Asians" title="Racism against Asians">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_France" title="Anti-Asian racism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_post-Apartheid_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in post-Apartheid South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Assyrian_sentiment" title="Anti-Assyrian sentiment">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Azerbaijani_sentiment" title="Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negrophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Negrophobia">Black people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_discrimination_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black discrimination in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_racism_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black racism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bengali_sentiment_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Bengali sentiment in India">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_the_Protection_of_Macedonian_National_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Law for the Protection of Macedonian National Honor">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catalan_sentiment" title="Anti-Catalan sentiment">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chechen_sentiment" title="Anti-Chechen sentiment">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Colombian_sentiment" title="Anti-Colombian sentiment">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Croat_sentiment" title="Anti-Croat sentiment">Croat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Filipino_sentiment" title="Anti-Filipino sentiment">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fulani_sentiment" title="Anti-Fulani sentiment">Fulani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Finnish_sentiment" title="Anti-Finnish sentiment">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Georgian_sentiment" title="Anti-Georgian sentiment">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Greek_sentiment" title="Anti-Greek sentiment">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antihaitianismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Antihaitianismo">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hazaras" title="Persecution of Hazaras">Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hungarian_sentiment" title="Anti-Hungarian sentiment">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Igbo_sentiment" title="Anti-Igbo sentiment">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Indian_sentiment" title="Anti-Indian sentiment">Indian</a></li> <li>Indigenous people <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Irish_sentiment" title="Anti-Irish sentiment">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Italianism" title="Anti-Italianism">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment">Japanese</a></li> <li>Jewish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Kurdish_sentiment" title="Anti-Kurdish sentiment">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Lithuanian sentiment">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Malay_sentiment" title="Anti-Malay sentiment">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-M%C4%81ori_sentiment" title="Anti-Māori sentiment">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti%E2%80%93Middle_Eastern_sentiment" title="Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mongolianism" title="Anti-Mongolianism">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Nigerian_sentiment" title="Anti-Nigerian sentiment">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pakistan_sentiment" title="Anti-Pakistan sentiment">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pashtun_sentiment" title="Anti-Pashtun sentiment">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment" title="Anti-Polish sentiment">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Quebec_sentiment" title="Anti-Quebec sentiment">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment" title="Anti-Romani sentiment">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Romanian sentiment">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Scottish_sentiment" title="Anti-Scottish sentiment">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_sentiment" title="Anti-Serb sentiment">Serb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Somali_sentiment" title="Anti-Somali sentiment">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarophobia" title="Tatarophobia">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Thai_sentiment" title="Anti-Thai sentiment">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Turkish_sentiment" title="Anti-Turkish sentiment">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Uyghur_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Uyghur sentiment">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_xenophobia_during_the_Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="List of incidents of xenophobia during the Venezuelan refugee crisis">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vietnamese_sentiment" title="Anti-Vietnamese sentiment">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Welsh_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Welsh sentiment">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manifestations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_anti-LGBTQ_hate_groups" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBTQ hate groups">SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States" title="2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States">Anti-LGBTQ movemenet in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-trans movement in the UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">Bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-jihad" title="Counter-jihad">Counter-jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">Cultural genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democide" title="Democide">Democide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_hate_crime" title="Disability hate crime">Disability hate crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_whistle_(politics)" title="Dog whistle (politics)">Dog whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domicide" title="Domicide">Domicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_discrimination" title="Economic discrimination">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_education" title="Discrimination in education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_discrimination" title="Employment discrimination">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationism" title="Eliminationism">Eliminationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_people" title="Enemy of the people">Enemy of the people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">Ethnic conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_hatred" title="Ethnic hatred">Ethnic hatred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_joke" title="Ethnic joke">Ethnic joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocide" title="Ethnocide">Ethnocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_of_excellence" title="Discrimination of excellence">Excellence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-based_dress_codes" title="Gender-based dress codes">Gender-based dress codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetics_policy" title="Cosmetics policy">Cosmetics policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_heel_policy" title="High heel policy">High heel policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion" title="Forced conversion">Forced conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freak_show" title="Freak show">Freak show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">Gay bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendercide" title="Gendercide">Gendercide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_modification_and_mutilation" title="Genital modification and mutilation">Genital modification and mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history" title="Genocides in history">examples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_ceiling" title="Glass ceiling">Glass ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Violence against LGBTQ people">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_group" title="Hate group">Hate group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">Hate speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patient_dumping" title="Patient dumping">Homeless dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_discrimination" title="Housing discrimination">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rolling" title="Indian rolling">Indian rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_Haole_Day" title="Kill Haole Day">Kill Haole Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_scare" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender scare">Lavender scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_grooming_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory">LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender" title="List of people killed for being transgender">List of people killed for being transgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_discrimination" title="Mortgage discrimination">Mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Murder_Music" title="Stop Murder Music">Murder music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_mascot_controversy" title="Native American mascot controversy">Native American mascots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_segregation" title="Occupational segregation">Occupational segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Opposition to immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_genocide" title="Paper genocide">Paper genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_repression" title="Political repression">Political repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purge" title="Purge">Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racialization" title="Racialization">Racialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Religious persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Religious terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">Religious war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">Scapegoating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segregation_academy" title="Segregation academy">Segregation academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-selective_abortion" title="Sex-selective abortion">Sex-selective abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slut-shaming" title="Slut-shaming">Slut-shaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Trans bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimisation" title="Victimisation">Victimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">White flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife_selling" title="Wife selling">Wife selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_hunt" title="Witch hunt">Witch hunt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discriminatory policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_candidacy" title="Age of candidacy">Age of candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limpieza_de_sangre" title="Limpieza de sangre">Blood purity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws" title="Blood quantum laws">Blood quantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_of_apartheid" title="Crime of apartheid">Crime of apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">Disabilities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disabilities_(Catholics)" title="Disabilities (Catholics)">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_disabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish disabilities">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_pay_gap" title="Gender pay gap">Gender pay gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy">Gerontocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_benches" title="Ghetto benches">Ghetto benches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">Internment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quota" title="Jewish quota">Jewish quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_Protection_of_the_Nation" title="Law for Protection of the Nation">Law for Protection of the Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_opposition" title="LGBTQ rights opposition">LGBTQ rights opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_donation_restrictions_on_men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Blood donation restrictions on men who have sex with men">MSM blood donation restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_kid_zone" title="No kid zone">No kid zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerus_clausus" title="Numerus clausus">Numerus clausus (as religious or racial quota)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-drop_rule" title="One-drop rule">One-drop rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_quota" title="Racial quota">Racial quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_steering" title="Racial steering">Racial steering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">Redlining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_segregation" title="Geographical segregation">Segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_segregation" title="Age segregation">age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_segregation" title="Sex segregation">sexual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodomy_law" title="Sodomy law">Sodomy law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugly_law" title="Ugly law">Ugly law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_suppression" title="Voter suppression">Voter suppression</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countermeasures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-discrimination_law" title="Anti-discrimination law">Anti-discrimination law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">Anti-racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_colorblindness" title="Constitutional colorblindness">Constitutional colorblindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">Cultural assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_pluralism" title="Cultural pluralism">Cultural pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">Diversity, equity, and inclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_training" title="Diversity training">Diversity training</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empowerment" title="Empowerment">Empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_acceptance_movement" title="Fat acceptance movement">Fat acceptance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_Discrimination" title="Fighting Discrimination">Fighting Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech_laws_by_country" title="Hate speech laws by country">Hate speech laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">Racial integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reappropriation" title="Reappropriation">Reappropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">Social integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allophilia" title="Allophilia">Allophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatonormativity" title="Amatonormativity">Amatonormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias" title="Bias">Bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisnormativity" title="Cisnormativity">Cisnormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumanization" title="Dehumanization">Dehumanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_(politics)" title="Diversity (politics)">Diversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurodiversity" title="Neurodiversity">Neurodiversity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_penalty" title="Ethnic penalty">Ethnic penalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figleaf_(linguistics)" title="Figleaf (linguistics)">Figleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-blind" title="Gender-blind">Gender-blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">Heteronormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_eugenics" title="History of eugenics">Historical eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_oppression" title="Internalized oppression">Internalized oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculism" title="Masculism">Masculism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_disability" title="Medical model of disability">Medical model of disability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_autism" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical model of autism">autism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_bias" title="Net bias">Net bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oikophobia" title="Oikophobia">Oikophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppression" title="Oppression">Oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">Police brutality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">Political correctness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyculturalism" title="Polyculturalism">Polyculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_distance" title="Power distance">Power distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">Prejudice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_abuse" title="Prisoner abuse">Prisoner abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States" title="Racial bias in criminal news in the United States">Racial bias in criminal news in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_by_country" title="Racism by country">Racism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_color_blindness" title="Racial color blindness">Racial color blindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_intolerance" title="Religious intolerance">Religious intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_discrimination" title="Reverse discrimination">Reverse discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_racism" title="Reverse racism">Reverse racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-generation_gender_bias" title="Second-generation gender bias">Second-generation gender bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snob" title="Snob">Snobbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_identity_threat" title="Social identity threat">Social identity threat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_model_of_disability" title="Social model of disability">Social model of disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_privilege" title="Social privilege">Social privilege</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_privilege" title="Christian privilege">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_privilege" title="Male privilege">male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_privilege" title="White privilege">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">Social stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">Stereotype</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype_threat" title="Stereotype threat">threat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_talk_(racism_in_the_United_States)" title="The talk (racism in the United States)">The talk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Discrimination" title="Category:Discrimination">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Prejudice_and_discrimination" title="Category:Prejudice and discrimination">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anti-Armenian_sentiment" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anti-Armenianism" title="Template:Anti-Armenianism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anti-Armenianism" title="Template talk:Anti-Armenianism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anti-Armenianism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anti-Armenianism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anti-Armenian_sentiment" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anti-Armenian sentiment</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamidian_massacres" title="Hamidian massacres">Hamidian massacres</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian%E2%80%93Tatar_massacres_of_1905%E2%80%931907" title="Armenian–Tatar massacres of 1905–1907">Armenian–Tatar massacres</a> (1905–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adana_massacre" title="Adana massacre">Adana massacre</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a> (1914–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_name_changes_in_Turkey" title="Place name changes in Turkey">Place name changes in Turkey</a> (since 1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_Days" title="September Days">September Days</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaibalikend_massacre" title="Khaibalikend massacre">Khaibalikend massacre</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agulis_massacre" title="Agulis massacre">Agulis massacre</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shusha_massacre" title="Shusha massacre">Destruction of Armenian part of Shusha</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Azerbaijan" title="Armenians in Azerbaijan">Deportation of Armenians from Azerbaijan of 1988–94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Dushanbe_riots" title="1990 Dushanbe riots">1990 Dushanbe riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Azerbaijan#Bans" title="Visa policy of Azerbaijan">Ban of entry for citizens of Armenia in Azerbaijan</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_declared_personae_non_gratae_in_Azerbaijan" title="List of people declared personae non gratae in Azerbaijan">People visiting Nagorno Karabakh banned from entering Azerbaijan</a> (since 2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_cemetery_in_Julfa" title="Armenian cemetery in Julfa">Armenian cemetery in Julfa</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Ghazanchetsots_Cathedral_shelling" title="2020 Ghazanchetsots Cathedral shelling">2020 Ghazanchetsots Cathedral shelling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_of_Armenians" title="List of massacres of Armenians">List of massacres of Armenians</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-Armenian_sentiment&oldid=1256333306">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-Armenian_sentiment&oldid=1256333306</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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