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Verdalsraset – Wikipedia
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href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdalsraset" title="Verdalsraset – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Verdalsraset" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E5%9C%B0%E3%81%99%E3%81%B9%E3%82%8A" title="バーダレン地すべり – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バーダレン地すべり" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdalin_maanvy%C3%B6ry" title="Verdalin maanvyöry – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Verdalin maanvyöry" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Kart_over_Verdalsraset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Kart_over_Verdalsraset.jpg/450px-Kart_over_Verdalsraset.jpg" decoding="async" width="450" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Kart_over_Verdalsraset.jpg/675px-Kart_over_Verdalsraset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Kart_over_Verdalsraset.jpg/900px-Kart_over_Verdalsraset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5015" data-file-height="2218" /></a><figcaption>Kart over området for raset i <a href="/wiki/Verdal" title="Verdal">Verdal</a> i 1893. 116 mennesker omkom.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23957101">.mw-parser-output .byline{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .byline .hidden{display:none}</style><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span>Kilde: Topografisk-statistisk Beskrivelse over Nordre trondhjems Amt, udgivet ved Amund Helland 1909 </div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Verdalsraset_1893.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Verdalsraset_1893.jpg/250px-Verdalsraset_1893.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Verdalsraset_1893.jpg/375px-Verdalsraset_1893.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Verdalsraset_1893.jpg/500px-Verdalsraset_1893.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4071" data-file-height="2575" /></a><figcaption>Trær og hus flyter i leire etter raset.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Johan_Caspar_Herman_Wedel_Anker_-_Fra_Lerfallet_i_Verdal_-_TKM-50-1894_-_Trondheim_kunstmuseum_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Johan_Caspar_Herman_Wedel_Anker_-_Fra_Lerfallet_i_Verdal_-_TKM-50-1894_-_Trondheim_kunstmuseum_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Johan_Caspar_Herman_Wedel_Anker_-_Fra_Lerfallet_i_Verdal_-_TKM-50-1894_-_Trondheim_kunstmuseum_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Johan_Caspar_Herman_Wedel_Anker_-_Fra_Lerfallet_i_Verdal_-_TKM-50-1894_-_Trondheim_kunstmuseum_%28cropped%29.jpg/375px-Johan_Caspar_Herman_Wedel_Anker_-_Fra_Lerfallet_i_Verdal_-_TKM-50-1894_-_Trondheim_kunstmuseum_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Johan_Caspar_Herman_Wedel_Anker_-_Fra_Lerfallet_i_Verdal_-_TKM-50-1894_-_Trondheim_kunstmuseum_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Johan_Caspar_Herman_Wedel_Anker_-_Fra_Lerfallet_i_Verdal_-_TKM-50-1894_-_Trondheim_kunstmuseum_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2633" data-file-height="1892" /></a><figcaption>«Fra Lerfallet i Verdal» malt av <a href="/wiki/Johan_Caspar_Herman_Wedel_Anker" title="Johan Caspar Herman Wedel Anker">Johan Caspar Herman Wedel Anker</a>. Anker opplevde leirraset på en studiereise.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23957101"><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span>Foto: Freia Beer / <a href="/wiki/Trondheim_kunstmuseum" title="Trondheim kunstmuseum">Trondheim kunstmuseum</a> </div></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Verdalsraset</b> var et <a href="/wiki/Kvikkleire" title="Kvikkleire">kvikkleireras</a> i <a href="/wiki/Verdal" title="Verdal">Verdal</a> i <a href="/wiki/Nord-Tr%C3%B8ndelag" title="Nord-Trøndelag">Nord-Trøndelag</a>. Natt til 19. mai 1893 ble Verdal rammet av et av Norges dødeligste ras i <a href="/wiki/Historisk_tid" class="mw-redirect" title="Historisk tid">historisk tid</a>. 55 millioner <a href="/wiki/Kubikkmeter" title="Kubikkmeter">kubikkmeter</a> masse rant ut og oversvømte hele Verdal. 3 <a href="/wiki/Kvadratkilometer" title="Kvadratkilometer">km²</a> hadde forsvunnet i leirmassene, samt 105 gårder, hundrevis av husdyr og 116 mennesker. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beskrivelse">Beskrivelse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdalsraset&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Beskrivelse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdalsraset&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Beskrivelse"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det befant seg 250 mennesker i rasområdet da skredet gikk. Etter en nedbørsrik vinter hadde <a href="/wiki/Verdalselva" title="Verdalselva">Verdalselva</a> vært flomfull flere ganger den våren. Natt til 19. mai 1893, ca. kl. 00:30 begynte skredet ved Hagamarka, ca. 2 km øst for <a href="/wiki/Stiklestad" title="Stiklestad">Stiklestad</a>. Kvikkleiren ble til flytende væske og raset tok med seg gården på Melbynesset hvor fem mennesker omkom, og gården på Haganeset hvor fire barn omkom mens kona berget seg. Dette raset demmet opp elva til 8–10 m høyde. Det tok ikke mange minuttene før demningen raste og gravde opp et stort stykke landskap som igjen sperret elva. Få minutter etter gikk det største skredet. Det antas at raset hadde en hastighet på 60 <a href="/wiki/Km/t" class="mw-redirect" title="Km/t">km/t</a>. Det tok med seg 105 gårder, og oversvømte de nedre delene av Verdalen mot <a href="/wiki/Verdals%C3%B8ra" title="Verdalsøra">Verdalsøra</a>. </p><p>Ikke lenge etter nådde nyheten om at Verdalen var ødelagt til <a href="/wiki/Levanger" title="Levanger">Levanger</a>, og da ble det straks stor virksomhet i den lille byen selv om det fortsatt var grytidlig på morgenen. Selv om det var få med telefon ble det klart at ulykken var av enormt omfang og hjelp ble sendt fra hele <a href="/wiki/Innherred" title="Innherred">Innherred</a>. Kavaleristene fra <a href="/wiki/Rinnleiret" title="Rinnleiret">Rinnleiret</a> beskrev at det var full panikk på Verdalsøra. Elva var borte, og de fryktet nye ras. Da de kom fram til prestegården ved Stiklestad fikk de se et enormt blåsvart krater, flere kilometer i diameter og med 40–50 meter høge rasmeler. I selve krateret fantes det ikke spor av en eneste bygning, selv om det hadde stått mange gårder der. Men lenger nede mot Verdalsøra lå ruinene av et titalls hus, gårder og bygninger, og imellom likene av menneskene. </p><p>Dødstallet steg, og det ble klart at 112 mennesker omkom i selve skredet, mens de siste fire døde av skadene de ble påført. Blant de omkomne var ordfører <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Tessem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andreas Tessem (ikke skrevet ennå)">Andreas Tessem</a> og hans kone. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kvikkleiredannelse">Kvikkleiredannelse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdalsraset&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kvikkleiredannelse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdalsraset&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kvikkleiredannelse"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kvikkleire" title="Kvikkleire">Kvikkleire</a> finnes nedenfor marin grense, det vil si i områder som tidligere har vært havbunn. Under isavsmeltinga etter siste <a href="/wiki/Istid" title="Istid">istid</a> førte smeltevannselvene store mengder grus, sand og leire ut i havet. Leirpartiklene som var minst og lettest, samlet seg lengst vekk fra elvemunningene. Leirpartikler som avsettes slik i <a href="/wiki/Salinitet" title="Salinitet">saltvann</a>, inngår en kjemisk binding med saltet, noe som gjør leiren fast og stabil. Etter istida da isen var borte og ikke lenger presset landet ned, fikk vi en landheving, og store havbunnsområder ble tørt land. Den stabile saltvannsleiren ble da utsatt for gjennomstrømming av regnvann og elvevann slik at saltet i leiren ble vasket bort. Saltvannsleiren ble til kvikkleire med en helt annen konsistens. Slik leire blir helt flytende når den blir satt i bevegelse av for eksempel en elv som graver i landskapet. Akkurat dette var det som lå til grunn for det store Verdalsraset. </p><p>Kvikkleire som har rast ut, vil igjen være fast og ikke forårsake nye ras. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdalsraset&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdalsraset&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Helland, Amund (1909). «Lerfaldet i Værdalen den 19de mai 1893». <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2012062824002"><i>Norges land og folk. Bind 17: Topografisk-statistisk beskrivelse over Nordre Trondhjems amt. Del 1: Den almindelige del</i></a>. Kristiania: Aschehoug. s. 117–138.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AVerdalsraset&rft.atitle=Lerfaldet+i+V%C3%A6rdalen+den+19de+mai+1893&rft.au=Helland%2C+Amund&rft.btitle=Norges+land+og+folk.+Bind+17%3A+Topografisk-statistisk+beskrivelse+over+Nordre+Trondhjems+amt.+Del+1%3A+Den+almindelige+del&rft.date=1909&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=117-138&rft.place=Kristiania&rft.pub=Aschehoug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2012062824002&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Walberg, Øystein (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2009110300058"><i>Verdalsboka. Ras i Verdal</i></a>. bd. A. Verdal kommune. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/82-990950-6-9" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/82-990950-6-9">82-990950-6-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AVerdalsraset&rft.au=Walberg%2C+%C3%98ystein&rft.btitle=Verdalsboka.+Ras+i+Verdal&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=82-990950-6-9&rft.pub=Verdal+kommune&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2009110300058&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Walberg, Øystein (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2013040824005"><i>Verdalsboka. Ras i Verdal</i></a>. bd. B. Verdal kommune. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/82-990950-7-7" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/82-990950-7-7">82-990950-7-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AVerdalsraset&rft.au=Walberg%2C+%C3%98ystein&rft.btitle=Verdalsboka.+Ras+i+Verdal&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=82-990950-7-7&rft.pub=Verdal+kommune&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2013040824005&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2007121204056"><i>Verdalsraset 1893</i></a>. Verdal historielag. 1993. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/82-90216-23-8" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/82-90216-23-8">82-90216-23-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AVerdalsraset&rft.btitle=Verdalsraset+1893&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=82-90216-23-8&rft.pub=Verdal+historielag&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furn.nb.no%2FURN%3ANBN%3Ano-nb_digibok_2007121204056&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdalsraset&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdalsraset&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Se også"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liste_over_ras_i_Norge" title="Liste over ras i Norge">Liste over ras i Norge</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdalsraset&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdalsraset&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verdal-historielag.no/verdalsraset/index.html">Verdal historielag om Verdalsraset</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150520020535/http://www.verdal-historielag.no/verdalsraset/index.html">Arkivert</a> 20. mai 2015 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://verdalsbilder.no/verdalsguiden.php?s_DelKap=220">Verdalsguiden om Verdalsraset</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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