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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Estoc</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panzerbrecher" title="Panzerbrecher – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Panzerbrecher" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoque_(medieval)" title="Estoque (medieval) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estoque (medieval)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoc_et_taille" title="Estoc et taille – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Estoc et taille" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A1" title="에스톡 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에스톡" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stocco_(arma)" title="Stocco (arma) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stocco (arma)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%BBrsingo" title="Şûrsingo – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şûrsingo" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estokas" title="Estokas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Estokas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="エストック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エストック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estok" title="Estok – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Estok" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoque_(espada)" title="Estoque (espada) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estoque (espada)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Эсток – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эсток" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pansarstickare" title="Pansarstickare – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pansarstickare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Есток – Ukrainian" lang="uk" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of sword</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panzerstecher_PP_noBg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Panzerstecher_PP_noBg.jpg/100px-Panzerstecher_PP_noBg.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="356" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Panzerstecher_PP_noBg.jpg/150px-Panzerstecher_PP_noBg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Panzerstecher_PP_noBg.jpg/200px-Panzerstecher_PP_noBg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Estoc</figcaption></figure><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/estoc" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:estoc">estoc</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <p>The French <b>estoc</b> is a type of sword, also called a <b>tuck</b> in English, in use from the 14th to the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-estoc_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-estoc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is characterized by a <a href="/wiki/Cruciform" title="Cruciform">cruciform</a> hilt with a grip for two-handed use<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and a straight, edgeless, but sharply pointed blade around 36 to 52 in (91 to 132 cm) in length. It is noted for its ability to pierce <a href="/wiki/Mail_(armour)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mail (armour)">mail</a> armor. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estoc&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The estoc was a variation of the <a href="/wiki/Longsword" title="Longsword">longsword</a> designed for fighting against <a href="/wiki/Chain_mail" title="Chain mail">mail armor</a> or <a href="/wiki/Plate_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Plate armor">plate armor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-armsandarmour2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-armsandarmour2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was long, straight and stiff with no cutting edge, just a point. Examples from Poland are more than 160 cm (62 in) long, with a blade of 130 cm (52 in); however, others show a more manageable 115 cm (46 in), with a 90 cm (36 in) blade.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Such swords average about four pounds (2 kg) with no specimen weighing more than six pounds (2.7 kg).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Blade cross-sections can be triangular, square, rhomboid, or flat hexagonal.<sup id="cite_ref-estoc_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-estoc-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This geometry leaves hardly any cutting capability as a sharpened edge could simply not be ground but allowed the weapon to be lengthy, stiff, and very acutely pointed.<sup id="cite_ref-swordforms_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swordforms-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early on, the estoc was hung from the saddle when on horseback and simply hung from the belt when a soldier took to the ground. As the weapon developed, however, infantrymen began to wear it in a <a href="/wiki/Scabbard" title="Scabbard">scabbard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-glossary_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glossary-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most varieties of estoc provide a long <a href="/wiki/Hilt#Grip" title="Hilt">grip</a> like that of a <a href="/wiki/Greatsword" class="mw-redirect" title="Greatsword">greatsword</a>, though others mimic the <i><a href="/wiki/Zweih%C3%A4nder" title="Zweihänder">zweihänder</a></i> in providing a long <a href="/wiki/Ricasso" title="Ricasso">ricasso</a> with a secondary guard of <i>parierhaken</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>A<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As on the zweihänder, this extended grip gives the wielder the advantage of extra leverage with which more accurately and powerfully to thrust the long weapon. Some other forms provided finger rings, curved <a href="/wiki/Hilt#Guard" title="Hilt">quillons</a>, or other varieties of compound hilts.<sup id="cite_ref-armsandarmour2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-armsandarmour2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estoc&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As armour improved, so did the methods of attacking it. It was quickly realized that cutting weapons were losing their effectiveness, so crushing weapons such as <a href="/wiki/Mace_(bludgeon)" title="Mace (bludgeon)">maces</a> and axes were utilized. Thrusting weapons that could split the rings of <a href="/wiki/Mail_(armour)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mail (armour)">mail</a>, or find the joints and crevices of <a href="/wiki/Plate_armour" title="Plate armour">plate armour</a>, were also employed. Long tapered swords could also be used as lances once an actual lance had splintered. Thus was the estoc developed. The French word <i>estoc</i> translates to <i>thrust</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-swordforms_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swordforms-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While there is nothing to stop an estoc from being one-handed, most are <a href="/wiki/Two-handed_sword" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-handed sword">two-handed</a>, being used <a href="/wiki/Half-sword" title="Half-sword">half-sword</a> or two hands on the grip.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="English Civil Wars">English Civil Wars</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Monck,_1st_Duke_of_Albemarle" title="George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle">General George Monck</a> recommended that foot soldiers carry "a good stiff tuck, not very long" because they often broke regular swords by using them to chop firewood.<sup id="cite_ref-gunpowdert_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gunpowdert-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to being popular for use as a cavalry weapon, the estoc was frequently used during dismounted hand-to-hand combat at <a href="/wiki/Tournament_(medieval)" title="Tournament (medieval)">tournaments</a>, its lack of a sharp edge reducing the risk of unintentional injury.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hunting">Hunting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estoc&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hunting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was also widely employed as a <a href="/wiki/Hunting_sword" title="Hunting sword">hunting sword</a> in the late 15th century,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> usually for hunting wild boar, bear, and stag; typically from horseback. Although hunting with a sword is less ideal than using a lance or spear, the added element of danger added to the thrill of the hunt, since using a sword brought the hunter in closer proximity to dangerous animals, as well as bringing more glory. The estoc was useful for this purpose, being a long sword with a strong blade, able to take the shock of meeting with an animal without breaking, while also giving the necessary reach to attack from horseback. However, it also had a very thin, sharp point, designed for penetrating chain mail. This thin point had little immediate terminal wounding effect on a wild boar or bear, unless a vital organ was hit, requiring a second man to stand by with a spear to finish the wounded animal off. It was also very easy to over-penetrate, bringing the wielder into danger from the animal's claws and teeth. Around 1500 AD, a solution was reached by replacing the thin point of the estoc with a standard leaf-shaped <a href="/wiki/Boar_spear" title="Boar spear">boar-spear</a> head, in essence creating a one-handed short spear. To prevent the blade from over-penetrating, most were fitted with a cross-shaft above the blade. To allow the blade to fit into a scabbard, these were typically simple removable pegs of wood or bone, but some examples have spring-loaded shafts that automatically deploy when the blade is drawn. An early image of these "boar-spear swords" shows <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Maximilian I</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Triumphal_Procession" title="Triumphal Procession">triumphal procession</a> after a successful boar-hunt, the riders proudly carrying their spear-pointed swords upright. These weapons quickly became widely popular all over Europe, and examples can be found in numerous illustrations and descriptions of the time.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bullfighting">Bullfighting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estoc&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bullfighting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Spanish-style_bullfighting" title="Spanish-style bullfighting">Spanish-style bullfighting</a></div> <p><i>Estoc</i> is also the name given for the sword used by a <a href="/wiki/Torero" class="mw-redirect" title="Torero">matador</a> in the Spanish sport of bullfighting, also known as <i>espada de matar toros</i> ('sword for killing bulls'). The matador's estoc was typically a shorter one-handed thrusting sword that was around 88 cm (35 in) in length.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estoc&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oakeshott_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakeshott type">Oakeshott types</a> XV, XVII</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koncerz" title="Koncerz">Koncerz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapier" title="Rapier">Rapier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gis%C3%A8le_d%27Estoc" title="Gisèle d'Estoc">Gisèle d'Estoc</a> (1845–1894), French writer, sculptor, feminist</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estoc&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-upper-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">small, pointed lugs or flanges protruding from their blades 4-8 inches below their guard. These <i>parrierhaken</i> or 'parrying hooks' act almost as a secondary guard for the ricasso to catch and bind other weapons or prevent them from sliding down into the hands.<sup id="cite_ref-Clements_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clements-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estoc&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-estoc-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-estoc_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-estoc_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLoades2010" class="citation book cs1">Loades, Mike (2010). <i>Swords and Swordsmen</i>. Great Britain: Pen & Sword Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84884-133-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84884-133-8"><bdi>978-1-84884-133-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Swords+and+Swordsmen&rft.place=Great+Britain&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84884-133-8&rft.aulast=Loades&rft.aufirst=Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEstoc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-armsandarmour2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-armsandarmour2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-armsandarmour2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTarassukBlair,_Claude1982" class="citation book cs1">Tarassuk, Leonid; Blair, Claude (1982). <i>The Complete Encyclopedia of Arms & Weapons: The Most Comprehensive Reference Work Ever Published on Arms and Armor from Prehistoric Times to the Present - with Over 1,200 Illustrations</i>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. p. 491.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Encyclopedia+of+Arms+%26+Weapons%3A+The+Most+Comprehensive+Reference+Work+Ever+Published+on+Arms+and+Armor+from+Prehistoric+Times+to+the+Present+-+with+Over+1%2C200+Illustrations&rft.pages=491&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Tarassuk&rft.aufirst=Leonid&rft.au=Blair%2C+Claude&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEstoc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClements2003" class="citation web cs1">Clements, J. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thearma.org/essays/weights.htm">"What Did Historical Swords Weigh?"</a>. ARMA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-03-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Did+Historical+Swords+Weigh%3F&rft.pub=ARMA&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Clements&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thearma.org%2Fessays%2Fweights.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEstoc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-swordforms-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-swordforms_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-swordforms_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClements" class="citation web cs1">Clements, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thearma.org/terms4.htm">"Medieval & Renaissance Sword Forms and Companion Implements"</a>. <i>Definitions & Study Terminology</i>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Renaissance_Martial_Arts" title="Association for Renaissance Martial Arts">Association for Renaissance Martial Arts</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Definitions+%26+Study+Terminology&rft.atitle=Medieval+%26+Renaissance+Sword+Forms+and+Companion+Implements&rft.aulast=Clements&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thearma.org%2Fterms4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEstoc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-glossary-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-glossary_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStone1961" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Cameron_Stone" title="George Cameron Stone">Stone, George Cameron</a> (1961). <i>A Glossary of the Construction, Decoration, and Use of Arms and Armour</i>. Jack Brussel. p. 223.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Glossary+of+the+Construction%2C+Decoration%2C+and+Use+of+Arms+and+Armour&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=Jack+Brussel&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=George+Cameron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEstoc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clements-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clements_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClements2004" class="citation web cs1">Clements, J. (October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thearma.org/essays/2HGS.html">"The Weighty Issue of Two-Handed Greatswords"</a>. <i>ARMA - the Association for Renaissance Martial Arts</i>. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Renaissance_Martial_Arts" title="Association for Renaissance Martial Arts">Association for Renaissance Martial Arts</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2018</span>. <q>Many of these weapons <i>[two-handed greatswords]</i> have compound-hilts with side-rings and enlarged cross-guards of up to 12 inches. Most have small, pointed lugs or flanges protruding from their blades 4-8 inches below their guard. These <i>parrierhaken</i> or "parrying hooks" act almost as a secondary guard for the ricasso to catch and bind other weapons or prevent them from sliding down into the hands.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ARMA+-+the+Association+for+Renaissance+Martial+Arts&rft.atitle=The+Weighty+Issue+of+Two-Handed+Greatswords&rft.date=2004-10&rft.aulast=Clements&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thearma.org%2Fessays%2F2HGS.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEstoc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gunpowdert-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gunpowdert_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReid1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Reid_(Scottish_historical_writer)" title="Stuart Reid (Scottish historical writer)">Reid, Stuart</a> (1987). <i>Gunpowder Triumphant</i>. Partizan Press. p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gunpowder+Triumphant&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Partizan+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEstoc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blackmore, Howard L. (1971). <i>Hunting Weapons from the Middle Ages to the Twentieth Century</i>. Dover edition 2000: Dover Publications, Mineola, NY, pp. 6-11. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0486409619" title="Special:BookSources/0486409619">0486409619</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0486409610" title="Special:BookSources/978-0486409610">978-0486409610</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">see: <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoque_de_toreo" class="extiw" title="es:Estoque de toreo">Estoque de toreo</a> (Spanish)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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href="/wiki/Classification_of_swords" title="Classification of swords">classifications</a> by region and <a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_swords" title="List of historical swords">historical era</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swordsmanship" title="Swordsmanship">Swordsmanship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_swords#Edgeless_and_Thrusting_swords" title="Classification of swords">Thrusting swords (Edgeless)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_swords#Single-edge_and_Curved_swords" title="Classification of swords">Curved swords (Single-edge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_swords#Double-edge_and_straight_swords" title="Classification of swords">Straight swords (Double-edge)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prehistory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_sword" title="Bronze Age sword">Bronze Age sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khopesh" title="Khopesh">Khopesh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Ancient period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Age_sword" title="Iron Age sword">Iron Age sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpe" title="Harpe">Harpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladius" title="Gladius">Gladius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiphos" title="Xiphos">Xiphos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopis" title="Kopis">Kopis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Falcata" title="Falcata">Falcata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhaira" title="Makhaira">Makhaira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatha" title="Spatha">Spatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sica" title="Sica">Sica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhomphaia" title="Rhomphaia">Rhomphaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falx" title="Falx">Falx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-classical_history" title="Post-classical history">Post-classical period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Period_sword" title="Migration Period sword">Migration Period sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_sword" title="Viking sword">Viking sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knightly_sword" title="Knightly sword">Arming sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longsword" title="Longsword">Longsword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claymore" title="Claymore">Claymore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falchion" title="Falchion">Falchion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">Early modern period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zweih%C3%A4nder" title="Zweihänder">Zweihänder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spada_da_lato" title="Spada da lato">Spada da lato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katzbalger" title="Katzbalger">Katzbalger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinquedea" title="Cinquedea">Cinquedea</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Estoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espada_ropera" class="mw-redirect" title="Espada ropera">Espada ropera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_degen" title="Swiss degen">Swiss degen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colhona" class="mw-redirect" title="Colhona">Colhona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_history#Late_modern_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern history">Late modern period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rapier" title="Rapier">Rapier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabre" title="Sabre">Sabre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutlass" title="Cutlass">Cutlass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basket-hilted_sword" title="Basket-hilted sword">Basket-hilted sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_sword" title="Small sword">Small sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_sword" title="Hunting sword">Hunting sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistol_sword" title="Pistol sword">Pistol sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashka" title="Shashka">Shashka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spadroon" title="Spadroon">Spadroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_bayonet" title="Sword bayonet">Sword bayonet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_sword" title="Chinese sword">China</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jian" title="Jian">Jian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dao_(Chinese_sword)" title="Dao (Chinese sword)"> Dao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hook_sword" title="Hook sword">Hook sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanmadao" title="Zhanmadao">Zhanmadao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ming – Qing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liuyedao" title="Liuyedao">Liuyedao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wodao" title="Wodao">Wodao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changdao" title="Changdao">Changdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanmaodao" title="Yanmaodao">Yanmaodao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dao_(Chinese_sword)" title="Dao (Chinese sword)">Dadao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miaodao" title="Miaodao">Miaodao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Korean_sword" title="Korean sword">Korea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bronze Age – Gojoseon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_bronze_dagger_culture" title="Liaoning bronze dagger culture">Liaoning bronze dagger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iron Age – Three Kingdom Era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hwandudaedo" title="Hwandudaedo">Hwandudaedo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Goryeo and Joseon era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonguk_geom" title="Bonguk geom">Bonguk geom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wungeom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wungeom (page does not exist)">Wungeom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Tiger_Sword&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Four Tiger Sword (page does not exist)">Four Tiger Sword</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_sword" title="Japanese sword">Japan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yayoi – Nara periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chokut%C5%8D" title="Chokutō">Chokutō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsurugi_(sword)" title="Tsurugi (sword)">Tsurugi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heian – Kamakura periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tachi" title="Tachi">Tachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cdachi" title="Ōdachi">Ōdachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodachi" title="Kodachi">Kodachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagamaki" title="Nagamaki">Nagamaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tant%C5%8D" title="Tantō">Tantō</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Muromachi – Edo periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wakizashi" title="Wakizashi">Wakizashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katana" title="Katana">Katana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meiji period and beyond</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gunt%C5%8D" title="Guntō">Guntō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iait%C5%8D" title="Iaitō">Iaitō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninjat%C5%8D" title="Ninjatō">Ninjatō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikomizue" class="mw-redirect" title="Shikomizue">Shikomizue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_sword" title="Indian sword">India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khanda_(sword)" title="Khanda (sword)">Khanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urumi" title="Urumi">Urumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruval" title="Aruval">Aruval</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval and modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firangi_(sword)" title="Firangi (sword)">Firangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kastane" title="Kastane">Kastane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talwar" title="Talwar">Talwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulwar" title="Pulwar">Pulwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayamkulam_vaal" title="Kayamkulam vaal">Kayamkulam vaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pata_(sword)" title="Pata (sword)">Pata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western and<br />Central Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prehistory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_sword" title="Bronze Age sword">Bronze Age sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khopesh" title="Khopesh">Khopesh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Ancient period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Age_sword" title="Iron Age sword">Iron Age sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acinaces" title="Acinaces">Acinaces</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parthian_Long_Sword&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parthian Long Sword (page does not exist)">Parthian Long Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiphos" title="Xiphos">Xiphos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopis" title="Kopis">Kopis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Falcata" title="Falcata">Falcata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sasanian_Sword&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sasanian Sword (page does not exist)">Sasanian Sword</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-classical_history" title="Post-classical history">Post-classical period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_sword" title="Arab sword">Arab sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scimitar" title="Scimitar">Scimitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamshir" title="Shamshir">Shamshir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilij" title="Kilij">Kilij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turko-Mongol_sabers" class="mw-redirect" title="Turko-Mongol sabers">Turko-Mongol Sabre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yatagan" title="Yatagan">Yatagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mameluke_sword" title="Mameluke sword">Mameluke sword</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">Early modern period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qama" title="Qama">Qama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindjal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kindjal">Kindjal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indonesian_Weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Indonesian Weapons">Indonesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandau_(knife)" title="Mandau (knife)">Mandau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niabor" title="Niabor">Niabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parang_(knife)" title="Parang (knife)">Parang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balato_(sword)" title="Balato (sword)">Balato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gari_(sword)" title="Gari (sword)">Gari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surik_(sword)" title="Surik (sword)">Surik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keris_bahari" title="Keris bahari">Keris bahari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klewang" title="Klewang">Klewang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalis" title="Kalis">Sundang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langgai_Tinggang" title="Langgai Tinggang">Langgai Tinggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parang_Nabur" title="Parang Nabur">Parang Nabur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikin_Panjang" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikin Panjang">Sikin Panjang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Filipino_weapons" title="Template:Filipino weapons">Philippines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balasiong" title="Balasiong">Balasiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangkung" title="Bangkung">Bangkung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banyal" title="Banyal">Banyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barong_(sword)" title="Barong (sword)">Barong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batangas_sword" class="mw-redirect" title="Batangas sword">Batangas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicuco" title="Bicuco">Bicuco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Binagong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Binagong (page does not exist)">Binagong</a> (Binangon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_knife" title="Bolo knife">Bolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahong_palay" title="Dahong palay">Dahong palay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garab_(sword)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garab (sword) (page does not exist)">Garab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayang" title="Gayang">Gayang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ginunting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ginunting (page does not exist)">Ginunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golok" title="Golok">Gulok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampilan" title="Kampilan">Kampilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalis" title="Kalis">Kalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karambit" title="Karambit">Karambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahot" title="Lahot">Lahot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laring" title="Laring">Laring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panabas" title="Panabas">Panabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parang_(knife)" title="Parang (knife)">Parang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirah" title="Pirah">Pirah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinuti" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinuti">Pinuti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanduko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanduko (page does not exist)">Sanduko</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sansibar_(sword)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sansibar (sword) (page does not exist)">Sansibar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundang" class="mw-redirect" title="Sundang">Sundang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susuwat" title="Susuwat">Susuwat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talibon_(sword)" class="mw-redirect" title="Talibon (sword)">Talibon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utak" title="Utak">Utak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wasay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wasay (page does not exist)">Wasay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spanish colonization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balisword" title="Balisword">Balisword</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espada_y_daga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Espada y daga (page does not exist)">Espada y daga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hagibis_(knife)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hagibis (knife) (page does not exist)">Hagibis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenegre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenegre (page does not exist)">Tenegre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mainland<br />Southeast Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classic stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dha_(sword)" title="Dha (sword)">Dha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-Classic stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krabi%E2%80%93krabong" title="Krabi–krabong">Krabi–krabong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cambodia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preah_Khan_Reach" title="Preah Khan Reach">Preah Khan Reach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Thailand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phra_Saeng_Khan_Chai_Si" class="mw-redirect" title="Phra Saeng Khan Chai Si">Phra Saeng Khan Chai Si</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mesoamerica</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pre-Columbian_era" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-Columbian era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macuahuitl" title="Macuahuitl">Macuahuitl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macana" title="Macana">Macana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient Egypt</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khopesh" title="Khopesh">Khopesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acinaces" title="Acinaces">Acinaces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Africa_Weapons" title="Template:Africa Weapons">Mainland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ida_(sword)" title="Ida (sword)">Ida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaskara" title="Kaskara">Kaskara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimcha" title="Nimcha">Nimcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flyssa" title="Flyssa">Flyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotel" title="Shotel">Shotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billao" title="Billao">Billao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takoba" title="Takoba">Takoba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estoc&oldid=1260283825">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estoc&oldid=1260283825</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Early_Modern_European_swords" title="Category:Early Modern European swords">Early Modern European 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