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Hilt - Wikipedia
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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Hilt_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Hilt (disambiguation)">Hilt (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rapiere-Morges-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Rapiere-Morges-1.jpg/220px-Rapiere-Morges-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Rapiere-Morges-1.jpg/330px-Rapiere-Morges-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Rapiere-Morges-1.jpg/440px-Rapiere-Morges-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="984" /></a><figcaption>Silver <a href="/wiki/Pattern_welding" title="Pattern welding">pattern welded</a> <a href="/wiki/Rapier" title="Rapier">rapier</a> guard, from between 1580 and 1600, with reproduction blade</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>hilt</b> (rarely called a <b>haft</b> or <b>shaft</b>) is the handle of a <a href="/wiki/Knife" title="Knife">knife</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dagger" title="Dagger">dagger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sword" title="Sword">sword</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Bayonet" title="Bayonet">bayonet</a>, consisting of a <b>guard</b>, <b>grip</b>, and <b>pommel</b>. The guard may contain a <a href="/wiki/Crossguard" title="Crossguard">crossguard</a> or quillons. A <b>tassel</b> or <b>sword knot</b> may be attached to the guard or pommel. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pommel">Pommel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hilt&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Pommel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Visayan_tenegre_horn_hilt_closeup.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Visayan_tenegre_horn_hilt_closeup.JPG/220px-Visayan_tenegre_horn_hilt_closeup.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Visayan_tenegre_horn_hilt_closeup.JPG/330px-Visayan_tenegre_horn_hilt_closeup.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Visayan_tenegre_horn_hilt_closeup.JPG/440px-Visayan_tenegre_horn_hilt_closeup.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A Visayan <i>tenegre</i> horn hilt from the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, depicting the moon-engulfing sea serpent deity, <a href="/wiki/Bakunawa" title="Bakunawa">Bakunawa</a>, a prominent figure in <a href="/wiki/Philippine_mythology" title="Philippine mythology">Philippine mythology</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>pommel</b> (<a href="/wiki/Anglo-Norman_language" title="Anglo-Norman language">Anglo-Norman</a> <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">pomel</i></span> "little apple"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is an enlarged fitting at the top of the handle. They were originally developed to prevent the sword from slipping from the hand. From around the 11th century in Europe, they became heavy enough to be a counterweight to the blade.<sup id="cite_ref-pom_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pom-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This gave the sword a point of balance not too far from the hilt, allowing a more fluid fighting style. Depending on sword design and swordsmanship style, the pommel may also be used to strike the opponent (e.g. using the <a href="/wiki/Mordhau_(weaponry)" title="Mordhau (weaponry)">Mordhau</a> technique). </p><p>Pommels have appeared in a wide variety of shapes, including oblate spheroids, crescents, disks, wheels, and animal or bird heads. They are often <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">engraved</a> or <a href="/wiki/Inlay" title="Inlay">inlayed</a> with various designs and occasionally <a href="/wiki/Gilding" title="Gilding">gilt</a> and mounted with jewels. <span class="anchor" id="Oakeshott"></span> <a href="/wiki/Ewart_Oakeshott" title="Ewart Oakeshott">Ewart Oakeshott</a> introduced a system of classification of medieval pommel forms in his <i>The Sword in the Age of Chivalry</i> (1964) to stand alongside <a href="/wiki/Oakeshott_typology" title="Oakeshott typology">his blade typology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oakeshott pommel types are enumerated with capital letters A–Z, with subtypes indicated by numerals. </p> <div><ol style="list-style-type:upper-alpha;"><li>the "Brazil-nut" pommel derived from the classical <a href="/wiki/Viking_sword" title="Viking sword">Viking sword</a></li><li>a more rounded and shorter form of A. B1 is the variant with a straight lower edge, known as "mushroom" or "tea-cosy"</li><li>"cocked-hat" form, derived from the Viking sword</li><li>a bulkier and slightly later variant of C</li><li>a variant of D with an angular top</li><li>a more angular variant of E</li><li>a plain disk. G1 and G2 are disk pommels ornamented with flower-shaped or shell-like ornaments, respectively, both particular to Italy</li><li>a disk with the edges <a href="/wiki/Chamfer" title="Chamfer">chamfered</a> off. One of the most common forms, found throughout the 10th to 15th centuries. H1 is an oval variant</li><li>a disk with wide chamfered edges, the inner disk being much smaller than in H. I1 is a hexagonal variant</li><li>as I, but with the chamfered edges deeply hollowed out. J1 is an elaborated form of the classic wheel-pommel</li><li>a very wide and flat variant of J, popular in the late medieval period</li><li>a tall type of trefoil shape; rare and probably limited to Spain in the 12th and 13th centuries</li><li>a late derivation of the multi-lobed Viking pommel type, found frequently on tomb effigies during 1250–1350 in southern Scotland and northern England, but with few surviving examples; see <a href="/wiki/Cawood_sword" title="Cawood sword">Cawood sword</a></li><li>boat-shaped, rare both in art and in surviving specimens</li><li>a rare type of crescent-shape</li><li>a rare shield-shaped form only known from a statue at Nuremberg cathedral</li><li>flower-shaped pommels, only known from artistic depictions of swords</li><li>rare spherical pommel, mostly seen in the 9th and 10th centuries</li><li>a rare type in the form of a cube with the corners cut off</li><li>the "fig" or "pear" or "scent-stopper" (for its resemblance to the stopper on a bottle of scent) shape, first found in the early 14th century, but seen with any frequency only after 1360, with numerous derived forms well into the 16th century. T1 to T5 are variants of this basic type</li><li>"key-shaped" type of the later half of the 15th century</li><li>the "fish-tail" pommel of the 15th century, with variants V1 and V2</li><li>a "misshapen wheel" shape</li><li value="26">square shape, with its sub-types used to closely define the area and age, Z1 and Z2b (most common in south-eastern Europe), Z3 ("cat's head", typical for Venetian swords), Z4 (typical for Serbia and Bosnia)</li></ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grip">Grip</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hilt&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Grip"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Grip_(sport_fencing)" title="Grip (sport fencing)">Grip (sport fencing)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sword_parts-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image detailing the parts of a sword" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Sword_parts-en.svg/310px-Sword_parts-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Sword_parts-en.svg/465px-Sword_parts-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Sword_parts-en.svg/620px-Sword_parts-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="370" /></a><figcaption>Parts of a sword</figcaption></figure> <p>The grip is the handle of the sword. It is usually made of <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a> or <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a> and often covered with <a href="/wiki/Shagreen" title="Shagreen">shagreen</a> (untanned tough leather or <a href="/wiki/Shark" title="Shark">shark</a> skin). Shark skin proved to be the most durable in temperate climates but deteriorates in hot climates. Consequently, <a href="/wiki/Rubber" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubber">rubber</a> became popular in the latter half of the 19th century. Many sword types alternatively opt for ray skin, referred to in <a href="/wiki/Katana" title="Katana">katana</a> construction as <span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn">same</i></span>. Whatever material covers the grip, it is usually both glued on and wrapped with <a href="/wiki/Wire" title="Wire">wire</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Helix" title="Helix">helix</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Guard">Guard</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hilt&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Guard"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Crossguard" title="Crossguard">Crossguard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basket-hilt" class="mw-redirect" title="Basket-hilt">Basket-hilt</a></div> <p>The guard is just above the grip. It is a common misconception that the <i>cross-guard</i> protects the wielder's entire hand from the opposing sword; only with the abandonment of the shield and then the armoured gauntlet did a full hand guard become necessary. The crossguard still protected the user from a blade that was deliberately slid down the length of the blade to cut off or injure the hand. </p><p>Early swords do not have true guards but simply a form of <i>stop</i> to prevent the hand slipping up the blade when thrusting, as they were invariably used in conjunction with a shield. </p><p>From the 11th century, European sword guards took the form of a straight crossbar (later called "<a href="/wiki/Quillon" class="mw-redirect" title="Quillon">quillon</a>") perpendicular to the <a href="/wiki/Blade" title="Blade">blade</a>. </p><p>Beginning in the 16th century in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, guards became more and more elaborate, with additional loops and curved bars or branches to protect the hand. A single curved piece alongside the fingers (roughly parallel with the handle/blade and perpendicular to any crossguards) was referred to as a <b>knuckle-bow</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ultimately, the bars could be supplemented or replaced with metal plates that could be ornamentally pierced. The term "basket hilt" eventually came into vogue to describe such designs, and there are a variety of <a href="/wiki/Basket-hilted_sword" title="Basket-hilted sword">basket-hilted swords</a>. </p><p>Simultaneously, emphasis upon the thrust attack with <a href="/wiki/Rapier" title="Rapier">rapiers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Smallsword" class="mw-redirect" title="Smallsword">smallswords</a> revealed a vulnerability to thrusting. By the 17th century, guards were developed that incorporated a solid shield that surrounded the blade out to a diameter of up to two inches or more. Older forms of this guard retained the quillons or a single quillon, but later forms eliminated the quillons, altogether being referred to as a cup-hilt. This latter form is the basis of the guards of modern <a href="/wiki/Foil_(sword)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foil (sword)">foils</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89p%C3%A9e" title="Épée">épées</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ricasso">Ricasso</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hilt&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ricasso"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ricasso" title="Ricasso">Ricasso</a></div> <p>The <b>ricasso</b> is a blunt section of blade just above the guard. On developed hilts it is protected by an extension of the guard.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On <a href="/wiki/Zweih%C3%A4nder" title="Zweihänder">two-handed swords</a>, the ricasso provided a third hand position, permitting the user's hands to be further apart for better leverage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sword_knot">Sword knot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hilt&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sword knot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Farben_Troddeln_Faustriemen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Farben_Troddeln_Faustriemen.jpg/310px-Farben_Troddeln_Faustriemen.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Farben_Troddeln_Faustriemen.jpg/465px-Farben_Troddeln_Faustriemen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Farben_Troddeln_Faustriemen.jpg/620px-Farben_Troddeln_Faustriemen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="785" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>Germany 19th century: Various colours and tassels of sword knots.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sword_knot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Sword_knot.jpg/310px-Sword_knot.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Sword_knot.jpg/465px-Sword_knot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Sword_knot.jpg/620px-Sword_knot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="972" data-file-height="221" /></a><figcaption>German cavalry officers' <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stichdegen</i></span> (dress sword, literally 'stabbing rapier') with sword knot, or <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Troddel</i></span>. When worn, the sword knot is wrapped around the sword guard, or sometimes looped though a slot in the guard.</figcaption></figure> <p>The sword <a href="/wiki/Knot" title="Knot">knot</a> or sword <a href="/wiki/Strap" title="Strap">strap</a>, sometimes called a tassel, is a <a href="/wiki/Lanyard" title="Lanyard">lanyard</a>—usually of leather but sometimes of woven gold or silver bullion, or more often metallic lace—looped around the hand to prevent the sword being lost if it is dropped. Although they have a practical function, sword knots often had a decorative design. For example, the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> generally adopted a white leather strap with a large <a href="/wiki/Acorn" title="Acorn">acorn</a> knot made out of <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> wire for infantry officers at the end of the 19th century. Such acorn forms of tassels were called 'boxed', which was the way of securing the fringe of the tassel along its bottom line such that the strands could not separate and become entangled or lost. Many sword knots were also made of silk with a fine, ornamental alloy gold or silver metal wire woven into it in a specified pattern. </p><p>The art and history of tassels are known by its French name, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">passementerie</i></span>, or <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Posamenten</i></span> as it was called in German. The military output of the artisans called <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">passementiers</i></span> (ornamental braid, lace, cord, or trimmings makers) is evident in catalogs of various military uniform and regalia makers of centuries past. The broader art form of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">passementerie</i></span>, with its divisions of Decor, Clergy and Nobility, Upholstery, Coaches and Livery, and Military, is covered in a few books on that subject, none of which are in English. </p><p>Indian swords had the tassel attached through an eyelet at the end of the pommel. </p><p>Chinese swords, both <i><a href="/wiki/Jian" title="Jian">jian</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Dao_(Chinese_sword)" title="Dao (Chinese sword)">dao</a></i>, often have lanyards or tassels attached. As with Western sword knots, these serve both decorative and practical functions, and the manipulation of the tassel is a part of some <i>jian</i> performances. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hilt&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> In Old French of an ornamental knob from the late 11th century, attested for the pommel of a sword in the late 12th century, of the pommel of a saddle in the mid-15th century. Compare Middle Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">pomellum, pomellus</i></span> "knob, boss" (12th century).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pom-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pom_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLoades2010" class="citation book cs1">Loades, Mike (2010). <i>Swords and Swordsmen</i>. Great Britain: Pen & Sword Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84884-133-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84884-133-8"><bdi>978-1-84884-133-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Swords+and+Swordsmen&rft.place=Great+Britain&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84884-133-8&rft.aulast=Loades&rft.aufirst=Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHilt" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myarmoury.com/feature_oakeshott3.html">myarmoury.com</a> for an online summary.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.finedictionary.com/Knuckle-bow.html">FineDictionary citation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chambers%27s_Twentieth_Century_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary">Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary</a>: "the curved part of a sword-guard that covers the fingers"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Haring, ed. "The Complete Encyclopedia of Weapons" Gallery Press, 1980, p. 48</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6857fc944c‐nbdmr Cached time: 20250305212655 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.296 seconds Real time usage: 0.391 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 547/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 10980/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 484/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 7730/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.211/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 13613365/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 357.135 1 -total 32.71% 116.835 9 Template:Lang 29.74% 106.204 1 Template:Reflist 25.53% 91.165 1 Template:Cite_book 18.86% 67.346 1 Template:Short_description 10.73% 38.321 2 Template:Pagetype 9.80% 34.996 1 Template:Other_uses 4.83% 17.252 3 Template:Main_other 4.21% 15.049 1 Template:SDcat 2.49% 8.909 1 Template:Further --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:64480:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250305212655 and revision id 1278020793. 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