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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%;">Bugle </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:B%26P_Bugle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/B%26P_Bugle.jpg/300px-B%26P_Bugle.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/B%26P_Bugle.jpg/450px-B%26P_Bugle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/B%26P_Bugle.jpg/600px-B%26P_Bugle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1913" data-file-height="1126" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Role </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Heavy_bomber" title="Heavy bomber">Heavy bomber</a><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of aircraft</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="nowrap">National origin</span> </th> <td>Britain </td></tr> <tr> <th>Manufacturer </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Boulton_%26_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulton & Paul">Boulton & Paul</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>First flight </th> <td>30 June 1923<sup id="cite_ref-Brew_p185_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brew_p185-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="nowrap">Number built</span> </th> <td>Seven </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The <b>Boulton & Paul Bugle</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Heavy_bomber" title="Heavy bomber">heavy bomber</a> designed and produced by the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> manufacturing group <a href="/wiki/Boulton_%26_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulton & Paul">Boulton & Paul</a>. </p><p>There were two variants; the Bugle I with 400 hp (298 kW) <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Jupiter" title="Bristol Jupiter">Bristol Jupiter</a> II radial engines (five built) and the <a href="/wiki/Napier_Lion" title="Napier Lion">Napier Lion</a> W-block Bugle II (two built) </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_Bugle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Work on what would become the Bugle effectively commenced at Boulton & Paul following the <a href="/wiki/Air_Ministry" title="Air Ministry">Air Ministry</a>'s release of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Air_Ministry_specifications#1920–1929" title="List of Air Ministry specifications">Specification 30/22</a>, which sought a new twin-engined heavy bomber to equip the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> (RAF). However, this effort was not a clean-sheet design, as it drew extensively on the company's existing experiences with aircraft such as the <a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Bolton" title="Boulton Paul Bolton">Boulton Paul Bolton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boulton_%26_Paul_Bourges" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulton & Paul Bourges">Boulton & Paul Bourges</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brew_p183_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brew_p183-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new design actually shared its basic configuration with the preceding Bourges, which had been developed during the final months of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> with positive results, but had been terminated prior to procurement as a part of the rapidly implemented military cutbacks made after the conflict's end.<sup id="cite_ref-Brew_p183_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brew_p183-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Air Ministry was suitably interested in the proposal that a pair of prototypes, <i>J6984</i> and <i>J6985</i>, were ordered for evaluation purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-Brew_p183_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brew_p183-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to an Air Ministry directive which forbid the placement of fuel tanks within the fuselage, fuel was instead accommodated within semi-circular tanks hung beneath the upper wing's inner bay area. The engines, which were initially a pair of <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Jupiter" title="Bristol Jupiter">Bristol Jupiter II</a> air-cooled <a href="/wiki/Radial_engine" title="Radial engine">radial engines</a>, each capable of producing up to 400 hp (298 kW), were housed within <a href="/wiki/Streamlined" class="mw-redirect" title="Streamlined">streamlined</a> nacelles that had a <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patented</a> hinged mounting, which was designed so that the engines could be swung out of situ while on the ground for ease of maintenance.<sup id="cite_ref-Brew_p183_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brew_p183-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B%26P_BugleA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/B%26P_BugleA.jpg/220px-B%26P_BugleA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/B%26P_BugleA.jpg/330px-B%26P_BugleA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/B%26P_BugleA.jpg/440px-B%26P_BugleA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1281" data-file-height="652" /></a><figcaption>The third Bugle</figcaption></figure> <p>The structural elements of the Bugle were primarily composed of <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a>, with some portions being corrugated for additional strength, while the exterior had a fabric covering.<sup id="cite_ref-Brew_p183_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brew_p183-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The interplane strut design, which was a patented feature at that time, used a combination of steel inner struts and <a href="/wiki/Duralumin" title="Duralumin">duralumin</a> outer ones, while the removable fairings were made of wood. This use of <a href="/wiki/Light_alloy" class="mw-redirect" title="Light alloy">light alloys</a> in some of the secondary structural members represented a loosening of formerly negative attitudes on the part of the Air Ministry towards the use of such materials.<sup id="cite_ref-Brew_p1834_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brew_p1834-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fuselage was rectangular in shape, its frame formed from four <a href="/wiki/Longeron" title="Longeron">longerons</a> and built in two sections.<sup id="cite_ref-Brew_p184_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brew_p184-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Struts and bracing wires alike attached to an angle plane, which was attached to the fuselage via bearings. The dorsal fuselage featured a single <a href="/wiki/Gun_turret#Aircraft" title="Gun turret">gun turret</a>, to the rear of which the fuselage tapered inwards in a triangular fashion as to maximise the gunner's downwards field of fire.<sup id="cite_ref-Brew_p184_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brew_p184-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The position of the gunners were deliberately lower than that of the pilot's cockpit, giving the latter a favourable level of visibility. The aircraft's nose gunner also acted as the bomb-aimer, and was provided with separate rudder controls to the pilot to make minor adjustments during bombing runs; all of the bombs were stored externally on four bomb rails, two attached to the lower longerons and two fitted underneath the lower wings.<sup id="cite_ref-Brew_p185_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brew_p185-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Landing_gear" title="Landing gear">undercarriage</a> and tailskid both were furnished with <a href="/wiki/Oleo_strut" title="Oleo strut">oleo</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pneumatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pneumatic">pneumatic</a> shock absorbers, while main wheels akin to that of the Bourges were fitted.<sup id="cite_ref-Brew_p184_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brew_p184-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additional dampening was provided via a pair of tubes fitted with coil springs attached to the main landing gear. During the type's taxiing trials, the aircraft proved to be more stable than its immediate preceding designs.<sup id="cite_ref-Brew_p1845_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brew_p1845-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Rudder" title="Rudder">rudder</a> was equipped with a locking device as to better handle asymmetric flight conditions, such as single-engine operations. Unlike the company's earlier designs, the aircraft's four <a href="/wiki/Aileron" title="Aileron">ailerons</a> were actuated via struts rather than cables.<sup id="cite_ref-Brew_p1835_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brew_p1835-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 30 June 1923, the first prototype performed the type's <a href="/wiki/Maiden_flight" title="Maiden flight">maiden flight</a>, piloted by Frank Courtney.<sup id="cite_ref-Brew_p185_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brew_p185-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second prototype conducted its own maiden flight later that same year. During 1924, a third aircraft equipped with more powerful <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Jupiter" title="Bristol Jupiter">Bristol Jupiter IV</a> engines, appeared; other changes on this aircraft included a four-seat configuration, a slightly reduced wingspan, and increased fuel capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-Brew_p185_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brew_p185-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1925, service trials commenced with the third aircraft, facing off against the competing <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Virginia" title="Vickers Virginia">Vickers Virginia</a>, during which the former exhibited its considerably greater manoeuvrability and higher top speed in comparison to the latter.<sup id="cite_ref-Brew_p1856_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brew_p1856-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was during 1925 that the first of the improved <i>Bugle II</i>s appeared, which was powered by a pair of <a href="/wiki/Napier_Lion" title="Napier Lion">Napier Lion</a> engines, each capable of 450 hp, in place of the Jupiter engines.<sup id="cite_ref-Brew_p1867_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brew_p1867-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also featured numerous refinements to the design, including a greater degree of streamlining and a slightly elevated all-up weight. Despite the type having demonstrated exceptional maneuverability and good performance in general, aviation historian Alec Brew observed that constrained budgets had prevented a production order from being placed for the Bugle. Instead, the Air Ministry pursued a policy of continuing to order increasingly advanced prototypes across a range of manufacturers as to foster innovation and advancement in industry, as well as readiness to put such designs into quantity production should a military need arise.<sup id="cite_ref-Brew_p187_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brew_p187-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_Bugle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B%26P_BugleB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/B%26P_BugleB.jpg/220px-B%26P_BugleB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/B%26P_BugleB.jpg/330px-B%26P_BugleB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/B%26P_BugleB.jpg/440px-B%26P_BugleB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1281" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>A Bugle II fitted with Napier Lion engines</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Bugle I</dt> <dd>Initial model, powered by a pair of 400 hp (298 kW) <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Jupiter" title="Bristol Jupiter">Bristol Jupiter II</a> <a href="/wiki/Radial_engine" title="Radial engine">radial engines</a>. Five built.</dd> <dt>Bugle II</dt> <dd>Improved model, powered by a pair of 450 hp <a href="/wiki/Napier_Lion" title="Napier Lion">Napier Lion</a> W-block engines. Two built.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications_(Bugle_II)"><span id="Specifications_.28Bugle_II.29"></span>Specifications (Bugle II)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_Bugle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Specifications (Bugle II)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boulton_Paul_Bugle_3-view_NACA_Aircraft_Circular_No.26.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Boulton_Paul_Bugle_3-view_NACA_Aircraft_Circular_No.26.png/220px-Boulton_Paul_Bugle_3-view_NACA_Aircraft_Circular_No.26.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Boulton_Paul_Bugle_3-view_NACA_Aircraft_Circular_No.26.png/330px-Boulton_Paul_Bugle_3-view_NACA_Aircraft_Circular_No.26.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Boulton_Paul_Bugle_3-view_NACA_Aircraft_Circular_No.26.png/440px-Boulton_Paul_Bugle_3-view_NACA_Aircraft_Circular_No.26.png 2x" data-file-width="1943" data-file-height="2643" /></a><figcaption>Boulton Paul Bugle 3-view drawing from NACA Aircraft Circular No.26</figcaption></figure> <p style="font-size: 90%; margin:0;"><i>Data from</i> <i>Boulton Paul Aircraft since 1915</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Brew_p187_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brew_p187-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The British Bomber since 1912</i><sup id="cite_ref-Mason_bomber_p152_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason_bomber_p152-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>General characteristics</b></span> </p><ul><li><b>Crew:</b> 3</li> <li><b>Length:</b> 39 ft 9 in (12.12 m)</li> <li><b>Wingspan:</b> 62 ft 6 in (19.05 m)</li> <li><b>Height:</b> 15 ft 8 in (4.78 m)</li> <li><b>Wing area:</b> 925 sq ft (85.9 m<sup>2</sup>)</li> <li><b>Gross weight:</b> 8,914 lb (4,043 kg)</li> <li><b>Powerplant:</b> 2 × <a href="/wiki/Napier_Lion" title="Napier Lion">Napier Lion</a> water-cooled <a href="/wiki/W12_engine" title="W12 engine">W12 engine</a>, 450 hp (340 kW) each</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Performance</b></span> </p> <ul><li><b>Maximum speed:</b> 112 mph (180 km/h, 97 kn) at sea level</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Armament</b></span><br /> </p> <ul><li><b>Guns:</b> 0.303 in (7.7 mm) <a href="/wiki/Lewis_gun" title="Lewis gun">Lewis guns</a> at nose and dorsal positions</li> <li><b>Bombs:</b> 690 lb (310 kg) external bombs<sup id="cite_ref-Mason_bomber_p152_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mason_bomber_p152-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_Bugle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_Bugle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Brew_p185-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brew_p185_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brew_p185_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brew_p185_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brew_p185_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brew 1993, p. 185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brew_p183-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brew_p183_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brew_p183_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brew_p183_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brew_p183_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brew_p183_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brew 1993, p. 183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brew_p1834-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brew_p1834_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brew 1993, pp. 183-184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brew_p184-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brew_p184_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brew_p184_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brew_p184_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brew 1993, p. 184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brew_p1845-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brew_p1845_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brew 1993, pp. 184-185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brew_p1835-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brew_p1835_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brew 1993, pp. 183-185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brew_p1856-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brew_p1856_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brew 1993, pp. 185-186.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brew_p1867-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brew_p1867_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brew 1993, pp. 186-187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brew_p187-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brew_p187_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brew_p187_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brew 1993, p. 187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mason_bomber_p152-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_bomber_p152_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_bomber_p152_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mason 1994, p. 152.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_Bugle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Flight_International_Magazine_1923-09-06-pdf/page/n3/mode/2up">The Boulton and Paul Bugle</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Flight_International" title="Flight International">Flight</a></i>. 23 April 1925. pp. 235–238.</li> <li>Brew, Alec. <i>Boulton Paul Aircraft since 1915</i>. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1993. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-860-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-860-7">0-85177-860-7</a>.</li> <li>Mason, Francis K. <i>The British Bomber since 1912</i>. London:Putnam, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-861-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-861-5">0-85177-861-5</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_Bugle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Boulton_&amp;_Paul_and_Boulton_Paul_aircraft" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Boulton_Paul_aircraft" title="Template:Boulton Paul aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Boulton_Paul_aircraft" title="Template talk:Boulton Paul aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Boulton_Paul_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Boulton Paul aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Boulton_&amp;_Paul_and_Boulton_Paul_aircraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Boulton_%26_Paul_Ltd" title="Boulton & Paul Ltd">Boulton & Paul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Aircraft" title="Boulton Paul Aircraft">Boulton Paul</a> aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturer<br /> designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.1 (page does not exist)">P.1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.1 (page does not exist)">P.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Bobolink" title="Boulton Paul Bobolink">P.3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.1 (page does not exist)">P.4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.1 (page does not exist)">P.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_P.6" title="Boulton Paul P.6">P.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Bourges" title="Boulton Paul Bourges">P.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Atlantic" title="Boulton Paul Atlantic">P.8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_P.9" title="Boulton Paul P.9">P.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_P.10" title="Boulton Paul P.10">P.10</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.11&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.11 (page does not exist)">P.11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Bodmin" title="Boulton Paul Bodmin">P.12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Bolton" title="Boulton Paul Bolton">P.15</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.19&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.19 (page does not exist)">P.19</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">P.25</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.28&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.28 (page does not exist)">P.28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Sidestrand" title="Boulton Paul Sidestrand">P.29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Bittern" title="Boulton Paul Bittern">P.31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_P.32" title="Boulton Paul P.32">P.32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Partridge" title="Boulton Paul Partridge">P.33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Partridge" title="Boulton Paul Partridge">P.34</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.35&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.35 (page does not exist)">P.35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_P.32" title="Boulton Paul P.32">P.36</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.37&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.37 (page does not exist)">P.37</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.38&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.38 (page does not exist)">P.38</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.40&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.40 (page does not exist)">P.40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Phoenix" title="Boulton Paul Phoenix">P.41</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.42&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.42 (page does not exist)">P.42</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.45&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.45 (page does not exist)">P.45</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.45&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.45 (page does not exist)">P.46</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.37&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.37 (page does not exist)">P.47</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.48&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.48 (page does not exist)">P.48</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.37&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.37 (page does not exist)">P.49</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.45&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.45 (page does not exist)">P.54</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.55&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.55 (page does not exist)">P.55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Sidestrand" title="Boulton Paul Sidestrand">P.57</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.58&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.58 (page does not exist)">P.58</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.59&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.59 (page does not exist)">P.59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Sidestrand" title="Boulton Paul Sidestrand">P.60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Sidestrand" title="Boulton Paul Sidestrand">P.62</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.63&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.63 (page does not exist)">P.63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Mailplane" title="Boulton Paul Mailplane">P.64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_P.71A" title="Boulton Paul P.71A">P.71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Overstrand" title="Boulton Paul Overstrand">P.75</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.79&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.79 (page does not exist)">P.79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Overstrand" title="Boulton Paul Overstrand">P.80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Defiant" title="Boulton Paul Defiant">P.82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Defiant" title="Boulton Paul Defiant">P.85</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.90 (page does not exist)">P.90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_P.92" title="Boulton Paul P.92">P.92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_Roc" title="Blackburn Roc">P.93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Defiant" title="Boulton Paul Defiant">P.94</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.97 (page does not exist)">P.97</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.103&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.103 (page does not exist)">P.103</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.107&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.107 (page does not exist)">P.107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Balliol" title="Boulton Paul Balliol">P.108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_P.111" title="Boulton Paul P.111">P.111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_P.112" title="Boulton Paul P.112">P.112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_P.116" title="Boulton Paul P.116">P.115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_P.116" title="Boulton Paul P.116">P.116</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.117&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.117 (page does not exist)">P.119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_P.120" title="Boulton Paul P.120">P.120</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.130&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.130 (page does not exist)">P.130</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.132&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.132 (page does not exist)">P.132</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.134&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.134 (page does not exist)">P.134</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.135&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.135 (page does not exist)">P.135</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.136&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.136 (page does not exist)">P.136</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.137&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.137 (page does not exist)">P.137</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.140&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.140 (page does not exist)">P.140</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.141&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.141 (page does not exist)">P.141</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.142&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.142 (page does not exist)">P.142</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.143&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.143 (page does not exist)">P.143</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.144&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.144 (page does not exist)">P.144</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.145&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.145 (page does not exist)">P.145</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulton_Paul_P.146&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulton Paul P.146 (page does not exist)">P.146</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By role (service names)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Bobolink" title="Boulton Paul Bobolink">Bobolink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Bittern" title="Boulton Paul Bittern">Bittern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Defiant" title="Boulton Paul Defiant">Defiant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Partridge" title="Boulton Paul Partridge">Partridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bombers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Bolton" title="Boulton Paul Bolton">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Bourges" title="Boulton Paul Bourges">Bourges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Bodmin" title="Boulton Paul Bodmin">Bodmin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bugle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Sidestrand" title="Boulton Paul Sidestrand">Sidestrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Overstrand" title="Boulton Paul Overstrand">Overstrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_P.32" title="Boulton Paul P.32">P.32</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experimental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Atlantic" title="Boulton Paul Atlantic">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_P.6" title="Boulton Paul P.6">P.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_P.10" title="Boulton Paul P.10">P.10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_P.92" title="Boulton Paul P.92">P.92/2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_P.111" title="Boulton Paul P.111">P.111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_P.120" title="Boulton Paul P.120">P.120</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Atlantic" title="Boulton Paul Atlantic">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Mailplane" title="Boulton Paul Mailplane">Mailplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_P.71A" title="Boulton Paul P.71A">P.71A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trainers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Phoenix" title="Boulton Paul Phoenix">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Balliol" title="Boulton Paul Balliol">Balliol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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