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id="toc-In_the_Constitution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_Constitution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>In the Constitution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_Constitution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coinage_Act" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coinage_Act"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Coinage Act</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coinage_Act-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decimal_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decimal_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Decimal units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decimal_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nicknames" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nicknames"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Nicknames</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nicknames-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dollar_sign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dollar_sign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Dollar sign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dollar_sign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins:_the_Spanish_dollar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins:_the_Spanish_dollar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Origins: the Spanish dollar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins:_the_Spanish_dollar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coinage_Act_of_1792" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coinage_Act_of_1792"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Coinage Act of 1792</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coinage_Act_of_1792-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Continental_currency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Continental_currency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Continental currency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Continental_currency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Silver_and_gold_standards,_19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Silver_and_gold_standards,_19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Silver and gold standards, 19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Silver_and_gold_standards,_19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note_issues,_19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note_issues,_19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Note issues, 19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note_issues,_19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gold_standard,_20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gold_standard,_20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Gold standard, 20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gold_standard,_20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_Reserve_Notes,_20th_century_to_present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_Reserve_Notes,_20th_century_to_present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Federal Reserve Notes, 20th century to present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_Reserve_Notes,_20th_century_to_present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emergence_as_reserve_currency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emergence_as_reserve_currency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Emergence as reserve currency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emergence_as_reserve_currency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Coins</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Coins-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Coins subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Coins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Collector_coins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collector_coins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Collector coins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collector_coins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Banknotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banknotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Banknotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Banknotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Countries_that_use_US_dollar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Countries_that_use_US_dollar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Countries that use US dollar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Countries_that_use_US_dollar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Countries that use US dollar subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Countries_that_use_US_dollar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Formal_users" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formal_users"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Formal users</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formal_users-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Informal_users" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Informal_users"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Informal users</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Informal_users-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monetary_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monetary_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Monetary policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monetary_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_use_as_reserve_currency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_use_as_reserve_currency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>International use as reserve currency</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_use_as_reserve_currency-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International use as reserve currency subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_use_as_reserve_currency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ascendancy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ascendancy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Ascendancy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ascendancy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_international_reserve_currency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_international_reserve_currency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>As international reserve currency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_international_reserve_currency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_global_markets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_global_markets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>In the global markets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_global_markets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Currencies_fixed_to_the_U.S._dollar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Currencies_fixed_to_the_U.S._dollar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Currencies fixed to the U.S. dollar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Currencies_fixed_to_the_U.S._dollar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Value" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Value"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Value</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Value-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pegged_currencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pegged_currencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Pegged currencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pegged_currencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exchange_rates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exchange_rates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Exchange rates</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Exchange_rates-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Exchange rates subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Exchange_rates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historical_exchange_rates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_exchange_rates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Historical exchange rates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_exchange_rates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_exchange_rates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_exchange_rates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Current exchange rates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_exchange_rates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Images_of_U.S._currency_and_coins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Images_of_U.S._currency_and_coins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Images of U.S. currency and coins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Images_of_U.S._currency_and_coins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">United States dollar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 168 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-168" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">168 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%A8%D0%97-%D0%BC_%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="АШЗ-м и доллар – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="АШЗ-м и доллар" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaanse_dollar" title="Amerikaanse dollar – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Amerikaanse dollar" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar" title="US-Dollar – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="US-Dollar" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%9C%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%AB_%E1%8B%B6%E1%88%8B%E1%88%AD" title="የአሜሪካ ዶላር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የአሜሪካ ዶላር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geandra_Rica_daler" title="Geandra Rica daler – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Geandra Rica daler" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%99%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Америкатәи адоллар – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Америкатәи адоллар" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A" title="دولار أمريكي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دولار أمريكي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_estausunidense" title="Dólar estausunidense – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Dólar estausunidense" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0" title="আমেৰিকান ডলাৰ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আমেৰিকান ডলাৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_d%27Estaos_Xun%C3%ADos_d%27Am%C3%A9rica" title="Dólar d'Estaos Xuníos d'América – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dólar d'Estaos Xuníos d'América" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0" title="अमरीकी डॉलर – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="अमरीकी डॉलर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar" title="Dólar – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Dólar" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB%C5%9E_dollar%C4%B1" title="ABŞ dolları – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="ABŞ dolları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="آمریکا دولاری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آمریکا دولاری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="মার্কিন ডলার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মার্কিন ডলার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AD-kim" title="Bí-kim – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bí-kim" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%A0%D0%A8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="АҠШ доллары – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="АҠШ доллары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Долар ЗША – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Долар ЗША" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80" title="Амэрыканскі даляр – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Амэрыканскі даляр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0" title="अमेरिकी डालर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अमेरिकी डालर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolyar_kan_Estados_Unidos" title="Dolyar kan Estados Unidos – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Dolyar kan Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Щатски долар – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Щатски долар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar" title="US-Dollar – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="US-Dollar" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar" title="Američki dolar – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Američki dolar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_ar_Stado%C3%B9_Unanet" title="Dollar ar Stadoù Unanet – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dollar ar Stadoù Unanet" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B2lar_dels_Estats_Units" title="Dòlar dels Estats Units – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dòlar dels Estats Units" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%A8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%95" title="АПШ долларĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="АПШ долларĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolyar_sa_Tinipong_Bansa" title="Dolyar sa Tinipong Bansa – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dolyar sa Tinipong Bansa" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dolar" title="Americký dolar – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Americký dolar" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doler_yr_Unol_Daleithiau" title="Doler yr Unol Daleithiau – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Doler yr Unol Daleithiau" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikanske_dollar" title="Amerikanske dollar – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Amerikanske dollar" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="دولار ميريكاني – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="دولار ميريكاني" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_doll%C3%A1r" title="USA dollár – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="USA dollár" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar" title="US-Dollar – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="US-Dollar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_dollar" title="USA dollar – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="USA dollar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%97%CE%A0%CE%91" title="Δολάριο ΗΠΑ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δολάριο ΗΠΑ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%92%D0%A8-%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="АВШ-нь доллар – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="АВШ-нь доллар" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_estadounidense" title="Dólar estadounidense – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dólar estadounidense" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usona_dolaro" title="Usona dolaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Usona dolaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estatubatuar_dolar" title="Estatubatuar dolar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Estatubatuar dolar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="دلار آمریکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دلار آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="United States dollar" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikanskur_dollari" title="Amerikanskur dollari – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Amerikanskur dollari" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_am%C3%A9ricain" title="Dollar américain – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dollar américain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaanske_dollar" title="Amerikaanske dollar – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Amerikaanske dollar" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_estadounidense" title="Dólar estadounidense – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dólar estadounidense" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E9%87%91" title="美金 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="美金" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AE-k%C3%AEm" title="Mî-kîm – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mî-kîm" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD_%EB%8B%AC%EB%9F%AC" title="미국 달러 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국 달러" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBAmelika_Hui_P%C5%AB_%CA%BBia_dala" title="ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻia dala – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻia dala" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%84%D5%86_%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A1%D6%80" title="ԱՄՆ դոլար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ԱՄՆ դոլար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0" title="अमेरिकी डॉलर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अमेरिकी डॉलर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar" title="Američki dolar – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Američki dolar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolaro_di_Usa" title="Dolaro di Usa – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Dolaro di Usa" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doliar_ti_Estados_Unidos" title="Doliar ti Estados Unidos – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Doliar ti Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ইউ এস ডলার – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ইউ এস ডলার" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolar_Amerika_Serikat" title="Dolar Amerika Serikat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dolar Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_statounitese" title="Dollar statounitese – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Dollar statounitese" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%C3%A6%D1%80_(%D0%90%D0%98%D0%A8)" title="Доллæр (АИШ) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Доллæр (АИШ)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDola" title="IDola – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IDola" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar%C3%ADkjadalur" title="Bandaríkjadalur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bandaríkjadalur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollaro_statunitense" title="Dollaro statunitense – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dollaro statunitense" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A8_%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%99" title="דולר אמריקאי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דולר אמריקאי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolar_AS" title="Dolar AS – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Dolar AS" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನದ ಡಾಲರ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನದ ಡಾಲರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%91%D0%A8-%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="АБШ-ны доллары – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="АБШ-ны доллары" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ამერიკული დოლარი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ამერიკული დოლარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9A%D0%A8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="АҚШ доллары – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="АҚШ доллары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_an_Statys_Unys" title="Dollar an Statys Unys – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Dollar an Statys Unys" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amadolari_y%27Amerika" title="Amadolari y'Amerika – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Amadolari y'Amerika" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolar_ya_Marekani" title="Dolar ya Marekani – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Dolar ya Marekani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D3%A6%D0%A8-%D0%BB%D3%A7%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="АӦШ-лӧн доллар – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="АӦШ-лӧн доллар" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_am%C3%A9riken" title="Dollar amériken – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Dollar amériken" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9A%D0%A8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="АКШ доллары – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="АКШ доллары" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolar_de_los_Estados_Unidos" title="Dolar de los Estados Unidos – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Dolar de los Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94" title="ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollarium_Civitatum_Foederatarum" title="Dollarium Civitatum Foederatarum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Dollarium Civitatum Foederatarum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASV_dol%C4%81rs" title="ASV dolārs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="ASV dolārs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar" title="US-Dollar – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="US-Dollar" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jungtini%C5%B3_Valstij%C5%B3_doleris" title="Jungtinių Valstijų doleris – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jungtinių Valstijų doleris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaansen_dollar" title="Amerikaansen dollar – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Amerikaansen dollar" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolar_stat%C3%BCnidens" title="Dolar statünidens – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Dolar statünidens" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikai_doll%C3%A1r" title="Amerikai dollár – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Amerikai dollár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0" title="अमेरिकी डलर – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="अमेरिकी डलर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Американски долар – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Американски долар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%BC" title="യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സ് ഡോളർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യുണൈറ്റഡ് സ്റ്റേറ്റ്സ് ഡോളർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81ra_o_Hononga-o-Amerika" title="Tāra o Hononga-o-Amerika – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tāra o Hononga-o-Amerika" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0" title="अमेरिकन डॉलर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अमेरिकन डॉलर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ამერიკული დოლარი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ამერიკული დოლარი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="دولار امريكانى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دولار امريكانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolar_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Dolar Amerika Syarikat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dolar Amerika Syarikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolar_Amerika_Sarikat" title="Dolar Amerika Sarikat – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Dolar Amerika Sarikat" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%AB-g%C4%ADng" title="Mī-gĭng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mī-gĭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_amaricano" title="Dólar amaricano – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Dólar amaricano" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Америк доллар – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Америк доллар" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC" title="အမေရိကန်ဒေါ်လာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အမေရိကန်ဒေါ်လာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikaanse_dollar" title="Amerikaanse dollar – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amerikaanse dollar" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0" title="अमेरिकी डलर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अमेरिकी डलर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB" title="アメリカ合衆国ドル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ合衆国ドル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%A6%D0%A8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="АЦШ доллар – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="АЦШ доллар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Dooler" title="US Dooler – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="US Dooler" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merikan_dola" title="Merikan dola – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Merikan dola" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikansk_dollar" title="Amerikansk dollar – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Amerikansk dollar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-dollar" title="US-dollar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="US-dollar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolar_estatsunidenc" title="Dolar estatsunidenc – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Dolar estatsunidenc" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/AQSh_dollari" title="AQSh dollari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="AQSh dollari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C_%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B0" title="ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਡਾਲਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਡਾਲਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%DA%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1" title="امریکی ڈالر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="امریکی ڈالر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F_%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC" title="အမေႏရိကန်ႏ ဒေါ်လာ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အမေႏရိကန်ႏ ဒေါ်လာ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_Mericano" title="Dollar Mericano – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Dollar Mericano" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%8A_%DA%89%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1" title="امریکایي ډالر – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="امریکایي ډالر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunaitid_Stiet_dala" title="Yunaitid Stiet dala – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Yunaitid Stiet dala" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80" title="ដុល្លារអាមេរិក – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ដុល្លារអាមេរិក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Dollar" title="US-Dollar – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="US-Dollar" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolar_ameryka%C5%84ski" title="Dolar amerykański – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dolar amerykański" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Dólar dos Estados Unidos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dólar dos Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABD_dollar%C4%B1" title="ABD dolları – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="ABD dolları" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolar_american" title="Dolar american – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dolar american" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_american" title="Dollar american – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Dollar american" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amirikanu_dollar" title="Amirikanu dollar – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Amirikanu dollar" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Америцькый долар – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Америцькый долар" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Доллар США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Доллар США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%A5%D0%A8_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="АХШ дуоллара – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="АХШ дуоллара" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱤᱱ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱤᱱ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitit_States_dollar" title="Unitit States dollar – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Unitit States dollar" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikoanske_Dollar" title="Amerikoanske Dollar – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Amerikoanske Dollar" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollari_i_Shteteve_t%C3%AB_Bashkuara" title="Dollari i Shteteve të Bashkuara – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dollari i Shteteve të Bashkuara" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%91%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF_%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A" title="අමෙරිකා එක්සත් ජනපද ඩොලර් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අමෙරිකා එක්සත් ජනපද ඩොලර්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="United States dollar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%8A_%DA%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1" title="آمريڪي ڊالر – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آمريڪي ڊالر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americk%C3%BD_dol%C3%A1r" title="Americký dolár – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Americký dolár" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C5%A1ki_dolar" title="Ameriški dolar – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ameriški dolar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%94%D1%80%D1%97%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8A" title="Амєрїканьскъ доларъ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Амєрїканьскъ доларъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika%C5%84ski_dolar" title="Amerikański dolar – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Amerikański dolar" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollarka_Maraykanka" title="Dollarka Maraykanka – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dollarka Maraykanka" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="دۆلاری ئەمریکی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دۆلاری ئەمریکی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Амерички долар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Амерички долар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dki_dolar" title="Američki dolar – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Američki dolar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdysvaltain_dollari" title="Yhdysvaltain dollari – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdysvaltain dollari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikansk_dollar" title="Amerikansk dollar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Amerikansk dollar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolyar_ng_Estados_Unidos" title="Dolyar ng Estados Unidos – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dolyar ng Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="அமெரிக்க டாலர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அமெரிக்க டாலர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adular_amarikani" title="Adular amarikani – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Adular amarikani" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9A%D0%A8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="АКШ доллары – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="АКШ доллары" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2_%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="సంయుక్త రాష్ట్రాల డాలర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సంయుక్త రాష్ట్రాల డాలర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90" title="ดอลลาร์สหรัฐ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดอลลาร์สหรัฐ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%9C%D0%90" title="Доллари ИМА – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Доллари ИМА" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikan_dolar%C4%B1" title="Amerikan doları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amerikan doları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar" title="Dollar – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Dollar" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90-%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="США-ысь доллар – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="США-ысь доллар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Долар США – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Долар США" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%DA%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1" title="امریکی ڈالر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="امریکی ڈالر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%83%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89" title="ئامېرىكا دولىرى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئامېرىكا دولىرى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B2%C5%82aro_statunitense" title="Dòłaro statunitense – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Dòłaro statunitense" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%9CV:oiden_dollar" title="AÜV:oiden dollar – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="AÜV:oiden dollar" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4_la_M%E1%BB%B9" title="Đô la Mỹ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đô la Mỹ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolar_Lamerik%C3%A4nik" title="Dolar Lamerikänik – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Dolar Lamerikänik" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dol%C3%A5r_amerikin" title="Dolår amerikin – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Dolår amerikin" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E9%87%91" title="美金 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="美金" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolyar_han_Estados_Unidos" title="Dolyar han Estados Unidos – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dolyar han Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%93" title="美圓 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="美圓" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%93%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A8" title="אמעריקאנער דאלאר – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אמעריקאנער דאלאר" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8D%CC%81l%C3%A0_Or%C3%ADl%E1%BA%B9%CC%80-%C3%A8d%C3%A8_Am%E1%BA%B9%CC%81r%C3%ADk%C3%A0" title="Dọ́là Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Dọ́là Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E9%87%91" title="美金 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="美金" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolar%C3%AA_Amerikani" title="Dolarê Amerikani – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Dolarê Amerikani" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAV_duoleris" title="JAV duoleris – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="JAV duoleris" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美元" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolar_Amerika_Serikat" title="Dolar Amerika Serikat – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Dolar Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/USD_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="USD (disambiguation)">USD (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">United States dollar</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USDnotesNew.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/USDnotesNew.png/252px-USDnotesNew.png" decoding="async" width="252" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/USDnotesNew.png/378px-USDnotesNew.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/USDnotesNew.png/504px-USDnotesNew.png 2x" data-file-width="2380" data-file-height="2075" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Note" title="Federal Reserve Note">Federal Reserve Notes</a> (obverse)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue"><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Code</th><td class="infobox-data">USD (numeric: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">840</span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217#Minor_unit_decimals" title="ISO 4217">Subunit</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998100000000000000♠"></span>0.01</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue">Unit</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Currency_symbol" title="Currency symbol">Symbol</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Dollar_sign" title="Dollar sign">$</a>, US$, U$</span>‎</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nickname</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> Ace, bean, bill, bone, buck, deuce, dough, dub, ducat, doubloon, fin, frog, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Note" title="United States Note">greenback</a>, large, simoleons, skins, smackeroo, smackers, <a href="/wiki/Spondulix" title="Spondulix">spondulix</a>, Tom, yard, and eagle </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b>Plural</b>:</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">dead presidents, green, bones, clams </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b>Based on denomination</b>:</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">Washingtons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jeffersons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Lincolns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Hamiltons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jacksons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Grants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamins</a>, C-note, grand, <a href="/wiki/Sawbuck" title="Sawbuck">sawbuck</a>, single, Bluefaces, Blue Strips </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue"><a href="/wiki/Denomination_(currency)" title="Denomination (currency)">Denominations</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Superunit</th><td class="infobox-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"> 10</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eagle_(United_States_coin)" title="Eagle (United States coin)">Eagle</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> 100</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Union_(United_States_coin)" title="Union (United States coin)">Union</a> (<a href="/wiki/Canceled_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Canceled denominations of United States currency">Proposed, never issued</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subunit</th><td class="infobox-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">10</span></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dime_(United_States_coin)" title="Dime (United States coin)">Dime</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">100</span></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cent_(currency)" title="Cent (currency)">Cent</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">1000</span></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mill_(currency)" title="Mill (currency)">Mill</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> <a href="/wiki/Cent_(currency)" title="Cent (currency)">Cent</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cent_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Cent sign">¢</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> <a href="/wiki/Mill_(currency)" title="Mill (currency)">Mill</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mill_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Mill sign">₥</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="Banknotes of the United States dollar">Banknotes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> Freq. used</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-dollar_bill" title="United States one-dollar bill">$1</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_five-dollar_bill" title="United States five-dollar bill">$5</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_ten-dollar_bill" title="United States ten-dollar bill">$10</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_twenty-dollar_bill" title="United States twenty-dollar bill">$20</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_fifty-dollar_bill" title="United States fifty-dollar bill">$50</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_one-hundred-dollar_bill" title="United States one-hundred-dollar bill">$100</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> Rarely used</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_two-dollar_bill" title="United States two-dollar bill">$2</a> (still printed); <a href="/wiki/United_States_five-hundred-dollar_bill" title="United States five-hundred-dollar bill">$500</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_one-thousand-dollar_bill" title="United States one-thousand-dollar bill">$1,000</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_five-thousand-dollar_bill" title="United States five-thousand-dollar bill">$5,000</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_ten-thousand-dollar_bill" title="United States ten-thousand-dollar bill">$10,000</a> (discontinued, but still legal tender); <a href="/wiki/United_States_one-hundred-thousand-dollar_bill" title="United States one-hundred-thousand-dollar bill">$100,000</a> (discontinued, not legal tender, and only used for specific purposes)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Coins</a></th><td class="infobox-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> Freq. used</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Penny_(United_States_coin)" title="Penny (United States coin)">1¢</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nickel_(United_States_coin)" title="Nickel (United States coin)">5¢</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dime_(United_States_coin)" title="Dime (United States coin)">10¢</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quarter_(United_States_coin)" title="Quarter (United States coin)">25¢</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> Rarely used</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Half_dollar_(United_States_coin)" title="Half dollar (United States coin)">50¢</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dollar_coin_(United_States)" title="Dollar coin (United States)">$1</a> (still minted); <a href="/wiki/Half_cent_(United_States_coin)" title="Half cent (United States coin)"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>¢</a>, <a href="/wiki/Two-cent_piece_(United_States)" title="Two-cent piece (United States)">2¢</a>, <a href="/wiki/Three-cent_nickel" title="Three-cent nickel">3¢</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twenty-cent_piece_(United_States_coin)" title="Twenty-cent piece (United States coin)">20¢</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quarter_eagle" title="Quarter eagle">$2.50</a>, <a href="/wiki/Three-dollar_piece" title="Three-dollar piece">$3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Half_eagle" title="Half eagle">$5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eagle_(United_States_coin)" title="Eagle (United States coin)">$10</a>, <a href="/wiki/Double_eagle" title="Double eagle">$20</a> (discontinued, but still legal tender); <a href="/wiki/American_Gold_Eagle" title="American Gold Eagle">$25</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Gold_Eagle" title="American Gold Eagle">$50</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Liberty_high_relief_gold_coin" title="American Liberty high relief gold coin">$100</a> (not intended for circulation).</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue">Demographics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date of introduction</th><td class="infobox-data">April 2, 1792<span class="noprint">; 232 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1792-04-02</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Replaced</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Continental_currency" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental currency">Continental currency</a><br />Various foreign currencies, including:<br /><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Pound sterling</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollar" title="Spanish dollar">Spanish dollar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">User(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">see <span class="nowrap"><a href="#Formal_users">§ Formal users</a> (11)</span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="#Informal_users">§ Informal users</a> (7)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue">Issuance</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">Central bank</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> Website</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/">federalreserve.gov</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Printer_(publishing)" title="Printer (publishing)">Printer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> Website</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bep.gov/">bep.gov</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mint_(facility)" title="Mint (facility)">Mint</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> Website</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usmint.gov/">usmint.gov</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue">Valuation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Monetary_inflation" title="Monetary inflation">Inflation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2.6% or 2.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> Source</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bls.gov/news.release/cpi.nr0.htm">BLS</a> (October 2024) or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bea.gov/data/personal-consumption-expenditures-price-index">BEA</a> (October 2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> Method</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Consumer_price_index" title="Consumer price index">CPI</a> or <a href="/wiki/Personal_consumption_expenditures_price_index" title="Personal consumption expenditures price index">PCE</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fixed_exchange_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixed exchange rate">Pegged by</a></th><td class="infobox-data">see <a href="#Pegged_currencies">§ Pegged currencies</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>United States dollar</b> (<a href="/wiki/Currency_symbol" title="Currency symbol">symbol</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Dollar_sign" title="Dollar sign">$</a></b>; <a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">currency code</a>: <b>USD</b>; also abbreviated <b>US$</b> to distinguish it from <a href="/wiki/Dollar" title="Dollar">other dollar-denominated currencies</a>; referred to as the <b>dollar</b>, <b>U.S. dollar</b>, <b>American dollar</b>, or colloquially <b>buck</b>) is the official <a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">currency</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_use_of_the_U.S._dollar" title="International use of the U.S. dollar">several other countries</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1792" title="Coinage Act of 1792">Coinage Act of 1792</a> introduced the U.S. dollar at par with the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollar" title="Spanish dollar">Spanish silver dollar</a>, divided it into 100 <a href="/wiki/Cent_(currency)" title="Cent (currency)">cents</a>, and authorized the <a href="/wiki/Mint_(facility)" title="Mint (facility)">minting</a> of coins denominated in dollars and cents. U.S. banknotes are issued in the form of <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Note" title="Federal Reserve Note">Federal Reserve Notes</a>, popularly called greenbacks due to their predominantly green color. </p><p>The U.S. dollar was originally defined under a <a href="/wiki/Bimetallism" title="Bimetallism">bimetallic standard</a> of 371.25 grains (24.057 g) (0.7734375 troy ounces) fine silver or, from <a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1834" title="Coinage Act of 1834">1834</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 23.22 grains (1.505 g) fine gold, or $20.67 per <a href="/wiki/Troy_ounce" class="mw-redirect" title="Troy ounce">troy ounce</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Gold_Standard_Act" title="Gold Standard Act">Gold Standard Act</a> of 1900 linked the dollar solely to gold. From 1934, its equivalence to gold was revised to $35 per <a href="/wiki/Troy_ounce" class="mw-redirect" title="Troy ounce">troy ounce</a>. In 1971 all links to gold were repealed.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The U.S. dollar became an important international <a href="/wiki/Reserve_currency" title="Reserve currency">reserve currency</a> after the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a>, and displaced the <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">pound sterling</a> as the world's primary reserve currency by the <a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Bretton Woods Agreement">Bretton Woods Agreement</a> towards the end of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>. The dollar is the <a href="/wiki/Template:Most_traded_currencies" title="Template:Most traded currencies">most widely used currency</a> in <a href="/wiki/International_trade" title="International trade">international transactions</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a <a href="/wiki/Free-floating_currency" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-floating currency">free-floating currency</a>. It is also the official currency in several countries and the <a href="/wiki/De_facto_currency" title="De facto currency"><i>de facto</i> currency</a> in many others,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Notes" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve Notes">Federal Reserve Notes</a> (and, in a few cases, U.S. coins) used in circulation. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Monetary_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Monetary policy of the United States">monetary policy of the United States</a> is conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve System">Federal Reserve System</a>, which acts as the nation's <a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">central bank</a>. As of February 10, 2021, currency in circulation amounted to <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$2.10 <a href="/wiki/Trillion" title="Trillion">trillion</a></span>, <span style="white-space: nowrap">$2.05 trillion</span> of which is in Federal Reserve Notes (the remaining <span style="white-space: nowrap">$50 billion</span> is in the form of <a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="Coins of the United States dollar">coins</a> and older-style <a href="/wiki/United_States_Note" title="United States Note">United States Notes</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of September 20, 2023, the Federal Reserve estimated that the total amount of currency in circulation was approximately <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$2.33 <a href="/wiki/Trillion" title="Trillion">trillion</a></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_Constitution">In the Constitution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In the Constitution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Article I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_8:_Powers_of_Congress" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Section 8</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">U.S. Constitution</a> provides that <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> has the power "[t]o <a href="/wiki/Coining_(mint)" title="Coining (mint)">coin money</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laws implementing this power are currently codified in <a href="/wiki/Title_31_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 31 of the United States Code">Title 31</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">U.S. Code</a>, under Section 5112, which prescribes the forms in which the United States dollars should be issued.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These coins are both designated in the section as "<a href="/wiki/Legal_tender" title="Legal tender">legal tender</a>" in payment of debts.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Sacagawea_dollar" title="Sacagawea dollar">Sacagawea dollar</a> is one example of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_copper_alloys" title="List of copper alloys">copper alloy</a> dollar, in contrast to the <a href="/wiki/American_Silver_Eagle" title="American Silver Eagle">American Silver Eagle</a> which is pure <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a>. Section 5112 also provides for the <a href="/wiki/Minting_coins" class="mw-redirect" title="Minting coins">minting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Money_creation" title="Money creation">issuance</a> of other coins, which have values ranging from <a href="/wiki/One-cent_coin" title="One-cent coin">one cent</a> (<a href="/wiki/Penny_(United_States_coin)" title="Penny (United States coin)">U.S. Penny</a>) to 100 dollars.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These other coins are more fully described in <a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Coins of the United States dollar</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_9:_Limits_on_Congress" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Article I, Section 9</a> of the Constitution provides that "a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time",<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is further specified by Section 331 of Title 31 of the U.S. Code.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sums of money reported in the "Statements" are currently expressed in U.S. dollars, thus the U.S. dollar may be described as the <a href="/wiki/Unit_of_account" title="Unit of account">unit of account</a> of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Dollar" is one of the first words of Section 9, in which the term refers to the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollar" title="Spanish dollar">Spanish milled dollar</a>, or the coin worth eight <a href="/wiki/Spanish_real" title="Spanish real">Spanish reales</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coinage_Act">Coinage Act</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Coinage Act"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> In 1792, the <a href="/wiki/2nd_United_States_Congress" title="2nd United States Congress">U.S. Congress</a> passed the <a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1792" title="Coinage Act of 1792">Coinage Act</a>, of which Section 9 authorized the production of various coins, including:<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 248">: 248 </span></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><b>Dollars or Units</b>—each to be of the value of a Spanish milled dollar as the same is now current, and to contain three hundred and seventy-one <a href="/wiki/Grain_(unit)" title="Grain (unit)">grains</a> and four sixteenth parts of a grain of pure, or four hundred and sixteen grains of standard silver.</p></blockquote><p>Section 20 of the Act designates the United States dollar as the <a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">unit of currency</a> of the United States:<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 250–1">: 250–1 </span></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>[T]he money of account of the United States shall be expressed in dollars, or units...and that all accounts in the public offices and all proceedings in the courts of the United States shall be kept and had in conformity to this regulation.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decimal_units">Decimal units</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Decimal units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike the Spanish milled dollar, the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a> and the Coinage Act prescribed a <a href="/wiki/Decimalisation" title="Decimalisation">decimal system</a> of units to go with the unit dollar, as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-contcongress1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-contcongress1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <b>mill</b>, or one-thousandth of a dollar; the <b>cent</b>, or one-hundredth of a dollar; the <b>dime</b>, or one-tenth of a dollar; and the <b>eagle</b>, or ten dollars. The current relevance of these units: </p> <ul><li>Only the <a href="/wiki/Cent_(currency)" title="Cent (currency)"><b>cent</b></a> (<b>¢</b>) is used as everyday division of the dollar.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Dime_(United_States_coin)" title="Dime (United States coin)"><b>dime</b></a> is used solely as the name of the <a href="/wiki/Dime_(United_States_coin)" title="Dime (United States coin)">coin</a> with the value of 10 cents.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Mill_(currency)" title="Mill (currency)"><b>mill</b></a> (<b>₥</b>) is relatively unknown, but before the mid-20th century was familiarly used in matters of <a href="/wiki/Sales_taxes_in_the_United_States" title="Sales taxes in the United States">sales taxes</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing" title="Gasoline and diesel usage and pricing">gasoline prices</a>, which are usually in the form of $ΧΧ.ΧΧ9 per <a href="/wiki/Gallon" title="Gallon">gallon</a> (e.g., $3.599, commonly written as $<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">3.59<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">9</span>⁄<span class="den">10</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Eagle_(United_States_coin)" title="Eagle (United States coin)"><b>eagle</b></a> is also largely unknown to the general public.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This term was used in the <i>Coinage Act of 1792</i> for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins.</li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollar" title="Spanish dollar">Spanish peso or dollar</a> was historically divided into eight <a href="/wiki/Spanish_real" title="Spanish real"><b>reales</b></a> (colloquially, <i>bits</i>) – hence <i>pieces of eight</i>. Americans also learned counting in non-decimal <i>bits</i> of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">12<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> cents before 1857 when Mexican <i>bits</i> were more frequently encountered than American cents; in fact this practice survived in <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> quotations until 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-2bits_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2bits-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1854, <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Guthrie_(American_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Guthrie (American politician)">James Guthrie</a> proposed creating $100, $50, and $25 gold coins, to be referred to as a <i><a href="/wiki/Union_(United_States_coin)" title="Union (United States coin)">union</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Half_union" title="Half union">half union</a></i>, and <i>quarter union</i>, respectively,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100. However, no such coins were ever struck, and only patterns for the $50 half union exist. </p><p>When currently issued in circulating form, denominations less than or equal to a dollar are emitted as <a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="Coins of the United States dollar">U.S. coins</a>, while denominations greater than or equal to a dollar are emitted as <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Note" title="Federal Reserve Note">Federal Reserve Notes</a>, disregarding these special cases: </p> <ul><li>Gold coins issued for <a href="/wiki/Circulation_(currency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Circulation (currency)">circulation</a> until the 1930s, up to the value of $20 (known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Double_eagle" title="Double eagle">double eagle</a></i>)</li> <li>Bullion or commemorative <a href="/wiki/Gold_coin" title="Gold coin">gold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silver_coin" title="Silver coin">silver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Platinum_coin" title="Platinum coin">platinum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Palladium_coin" title="Palladium coin">palladium coins</a> valued up to $100 as legal tender (though worth far more as <a href="/wiki/Bullion" title="Bullion">bullion</a>).</li> <li>Civil War paper currency issue in denominations below $1, i.e. fractional currency, sometimes pejoratively referred to as <i><a href="/wiki/Shinplaster" title="Shinplaster">shinplasters</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Dollar" title="Dollar">Dollar</a></div> <p>In the 16th century, Count <a href="/wiki/Hieronymus_Schlick" title="Hieronymus Schlick">Hieronymus Schlick</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a> began minting coins known as <i>joachimstalers</i>, named for <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1chymov" title="Jáchymov">Joachimstal</a>, the valley in which the silver was mined. In turn, the valley's name is titled after <a href="/wiki/Joachim" title="Joachim">Saint Joachim</a>, whereby <i>thal</i> or <i>tal</i>, a cognate of the English word <i lang="en"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dale#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:dale">dale</a></i>, is <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> for 'valley.'<sup id="cite_ref-NatGeo_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NatGeo-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>joachimstaler</i> was later shortened to the German <i><a href="/wiki/Thaler" title="Thaler">taler</a></i>, a word that eventually found its way into many languages, including:<sup id="cite_ref-NatGeo_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NatGeo-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>tolar</i> (<a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian language">Slovenian</a>); <i>daler</i> (<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>); <i>talar</i> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>); <i>dalar</i> and <i>daler</i> (<a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a>); <i>daler</i> or <i>daalder</i> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>); <i><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_talari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian talari">talari</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Ethiopia" title="Languages of Ethiopia">Ethiopian</a>); <i>tallér</i> (<a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>); <i>tallero</i> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>); <i>دولار</i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>); and <i><a href="/wiki/Dollar" title="Dollar">dollar</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>). </p><p>Though the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a> pioneered in modern-day <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> in the 17th century the use and the counting of money in silver dollars in the form of German-Dutch <i><a href="/wiki/Reichsthaler" title="Reichsthaler">reichsthalers</a></i> and native Dutch <i><a href="/wiki/Leeuwendaalder" class="mw-redirect" title="Leeuwendaalder">leeuwendaalders</a></i> ('lion dollars'), it was the ubiquitous <a href="/wiki/Spanish_America" title="Spanish America">Spanish American</a> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollar" title="Spanish dollar">eight-real coin</a> which became exclusively known as the <i>dollar</i> since the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nicknames">Nicknames</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nicknames"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Slang_terms_for_money#United_States" title="Slang terms for money">Slang terms for money § United States</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Colloquialism" title="Colloquialism">colloquialism</a> <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/buck" class="extiw" title="wikt:buck"><b>buck(s)</b></a></i> (much like the British <i>quid</i> for the <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">pound sterling</a>) is often used to refer to dollars of various nations, including the U.S. dollar. This term, dating to the 18th century, may have originated with the colonial <a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">leather</a> trade, or it may also have originated from a <a href="/wiki/Poker" title="Poker">poker</a> term.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/United_States_Note" title="United States Note"><i><b>Greenback</b></i></a> is another nickname, originally applied specifically to the 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Demand_Note" title="Demand Note">Demand Note</a> dollars, which were printed black and green on the backside, created by <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> to finance the <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">North</a> for the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is still used to refer to the U.S. dollar (but not to the dollars of other countries). The term <i>greenback</i> is also used by the financial press in other countries, such as <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-BI_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BI-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-MW_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MW-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BT_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BT-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other well-known names of the dollar as a whole in denominations include <i><b>greenmail</b></i>, <i><b>green</b></i>, and <i><b>dead presidents</b></i>, the latter of which referring to the deceased presidents pictured on most bills. Dollars in general have also been known as <i><b>bones</b></i> (e.g. "twenty bones" = $20). The newer designs, with portraits displayed in the main body of the obverse (rather than in <a href="/wiki/Cameo_(carving)" title="Cameo (carving)">cameo</a> insets), upon paper color-coded by denomination, are sometimes referred to as <i><b>bigface</b></i> notes or <i><b><a href="/wiki/Monopoly_(game)" title="Monopoly (game)">Monopoly</a> money</b></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><i><b><a href="/wiki/Piastre" title="Piastre">Piastre</a></b></i> was the original French word for the U.S. dollar, used for example in the French text of the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase" title="Louisiana Purchase">Louisiana Purchase</a>. Though the U.S. dollar is called <i>dollar</i> in Modern French, the term <i>piastre</i> is still used among the speakers of <a href="/wiki/Cajun_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Cajun French">Cajun French</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_England_French" title="New England French">New England French</a>, as well as speakers in <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> and other <a href="/wiki/French_West_Indies#French_Caribbean" title="French West Indies">French-speaking Caribbean</a> islands. </p><p>Nicknames specific to denomination: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Quarter_(United_States_coin)" title="Quarter (United States coin)">quarter dollar</a> coin is known as <i>two bits</i>, alluding the dollar's origins as the "piece of eight" (bits or <i>reales</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-2bits_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2bits-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_one-dollar_bill" title="United States one-dollar bill">$1 bill</a> is nicknamed <i>buck</i> or <i>single</i>.</li> <li>The infrequently-used <a href="/wiki/United_States_two-dollar_bill" title="United States two-dollar bill">$2 bill</a> is sometimes called <i>deuce</i>, <i>Tom</i>, or <i>Jefferson</i> (after <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_five-dollar_bill" title="United States five-dollar bill">$5 bill</a> is sometimes called <i>Lincoln</i> (after <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>), <i>fin</i>, <i>fiver</i>, or <i>five-spot</i>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_ten-dollar_bill" title="United States ten-dollar bill">$10 bill</a> is sometimes called <i>sawbuck</i>, <i>ten-spot</i>, or <i>Hamilton</i> (after <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a>).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_twenty-dollar_bill" title="United States twenty-dollar bill">$20 bill</a> is sometimes called <i>double sawbuck</i>, <i>Jackson</i> (after <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a>), or <i><a href="/wiki/Double_eagle" title="Double eagle">double eagle</a></i>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_fifty-dollar_bill" title="United States fifty-dollar bill">$50 bill</a> is sometimes called a <i>yardstick</i>, or a <i>grant</i>, after President <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_one-hundred-dollar_bill" title="United States one-hundred-dollar bill">$100 bill</a> is called <i>Benjamin</i>, <i>Benji</i>, <i>Ben</i>, or <i>Franklin</i>, referring to its portrait of <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a>. Other nicknames include <i>C-note</i> (C being the <a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numeral</a> for 100), <i>century note</i>, or <i>bill</i> (e.g. <i>two bills</i> = $200).</li> <li>Amounts or multiples of $1,000 are sometimes called <i><a href="/wiki/1000_(number)#Notation" title="1000 (number)">grand</a></i> in colloquial speech, abbreviated in written form to <i>G</i>, <i>K</i>, or <i>k</i> (from <a href="/wiki/Kilo-" title="Kilo-"><i>kilo</i></a>; e.g. $10k = $10,000). Likewise, a <i>large</i> or <i>stack</i> can also refer to a multiple of $1,000 (e.g. "fifty large" = $50,000).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dollar_sign">Dollar sign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Dollar sign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dollar_sign" title="Dollar sign">Dollar sign</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Potosi_Real.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Potosi_Real.jpg/200px-Potosi_Real.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Potosi_Real.jpg/300px-Potosi_Real.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Potosi_Real.jpg/400px-Potosi_Real.jpg 2x" data-file-width="409" data-file-height="397" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Spanish_real" title="Spanish real">Spanish silver eight-real</a> or <a href="/wiki/Peso" title="Peso">peso</a> of 1768</figcaption></figure> <p>The symbol <a href="/wiki/Dollar" title="Dollar">$</a>, usually written before the numerical amount, is used for the U.S. dollar (as well as for many other currencies). The sign was perhaps the result of a late 18th-century evolution of the <a href="/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">scribal abbreviation</a> <i><b>p<sup>s</sup></b></i> for the <a href="/wiki/Peso" title="Peso">peso</a>, the common name for the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollars" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish dollars">Spanish dollars</a> that were in wide circulation in the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> from the 16th to the 19th centuries. The <i><b>p</b></i> and the <i><b>s</b></i> eventually came to be written over each other giving rise to <i><b>$</b></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another popular explanation is that it is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Hercules" title="Pillars of Hercules">Pillars of Hercules</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Spain" title="Coat of arms of Spain">Spanish coat of arms</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollar" title="Spanish dollar">Spanish dollar</a>. These <a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Hercules" title="Pillars of Hercules">Pillars of Hercules</a> on the silver Spanish dollar coins take the form of two vertical bars (<b>||</b>) and a swinging cloth band in the shape of an <i><b>S</b></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Yet another explanation suggests that the dollar sign was formed from the capital letters <i><b>U</b></i> and <i><b>S</b></i> written or printed one on top of the other. This theory, popularized by novelist <a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Ayn Rand</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Shrugged" title="Atlas Shrugged">Atlas Shrugged</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> does not consider the fact that the symbol was already in use before the formation of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="History of the United States dollar">History of the United States dollar</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins:_the_Spanish_dollar">Origins: the Spanish dollar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Origins: the Spanish dollar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The U.S. dollar was introduced at par with the Spanish-American <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollar" title="Spanish dollar">silver dollar</a> (or <i>Spanish peso</i>, <i>Spanish milled dollar</i>, <i>eight-real coin</i>, <i>piece-of-eight</i>). The latter was produced from the rich silver mine output of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_America" title="Spanish America">Spanish America</a>, was minted in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potos%C3%AD" title="Potosí">Potosí</a> (Bolivia), <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a> (Peru), and elsewhere, and was in wide circulation throughout the Americas, Asia, and Europe from the 16th to the 19th centuries. The minting of machine-milled Spanish dollars since 1732 boosted its worldwide reputation as a trade coin and positioned it to be the model for the new currency of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Even after the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a> commenced issuing coins in 1792, locally minted <i>dollars</i> and <i>cents</i> were less abundant in circulation than <a href="/wiki/Spanish_America" title="Spanish America">Spanish American</a> <i>pesos</i> and <i>reales</i>; hence Spanish, Mexican, and American dollars all remained legal tender in the United States until the <a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1857" title="Coinage Act of 1857">Coinage Act of 1857</a>. In particular, colonists' familiarity with the Spanish two-<i>real quarter peso</i> was the reason for issuing a quasi-decimal <a href="/wiki/Quarter_(United_States_coin)" title="Quarter (United States coin)">25-cent quarter dollar coin</a> rather than a 20-cent coin.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>For the relationship between the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollar" title="Spanish dollar">Spanish dollar</a> and the individual state colonial currencies, see <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_pound" title="Connecticut pound">Connecticut pound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delaware_pound" title="Delaware pound">Delaware pound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_pound" title="Georgia pound">Georgia pound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland_pound" title="Maryland pound">Maryland pound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_pound" title="Massachusetts pound">Massachusetts pound</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_pound" title="New Hampshire pound">New Hampshire pound</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_pound" title="New Jersey pound">New Jersey pound</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_pound" title="New York pound">New York pound</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_pound" title="North Carolina pound">North Carolina pound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_pound" title="Pennsylvania pound">Pennsylvania pound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_pound" title="Rhode Island pound">Rhode Island pound</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_pound" title="South Carolina pound">South Carolina pound</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Virginia_pound" title="Virginia pound">Virginia pound</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coinage_Act_of_1792">Coinage Act of 1792</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Coinage Act of 1792"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1792" title="Coinage Act of 1792">Coinage Act of 1792</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_Hamilton_portrait_by_John_Trumbull_1806.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Alexander_Hamilton_portrait_by_John_Trumbull_1806.jpg/170px-Alexander_Hamilton_portrait_by_John_Trumbull_1806.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Alexander_Hamilton_portrait_by_John_Trumbull_1806.jpg/255px-Alexander_Hamilton_portrait_by_John_Trumbull_1806.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Alexander_Hamilton_portrait_by_John_Trumbull_1806.jpg/340px-Alexander_Hamilton_portrait_by_John_Trumbull_1806.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2532" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a> finalized the details of the 1792 Coinage Act and the establishment of the U.S. Mint.</figcaption></figure> <p>On July 6, 1785, the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a> resolved that the money unit of the United States, the dollar, would contain 375.64 <a href="/wiki/Grain_(unit)" title="Grain (unit)">grains</a> of fine silver; on August 8, 1786, the Continental Congress continued that definition and further resolved that the money of account, corresponding with the division of coins, would proceed in a <a href="/wiki/Decimalisation" title="Decimalisation">decimal ratio</a>, with the sub-units being mills at 0.001 of a dollar, cents at 0.010 of a dollar, and dimes at 0.100 of a dollar.<sup id="cite_ref-contcongress1_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-contcongress1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the adoption of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a>, the U.S. dollar was defined by the <a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1792" title="Coinage Act of 1792">Coinage Act of 1792</a>. It specified a "dollar" based on the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollar" title="Spanish dollar">Spanish milled dollar</a> to contain <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">371<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">4</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> <a href="/wiki/Grain_(unit)" title="Grain (unit)">grains</a> of fine silver, or 416.0 grains (26.96 g) of "standard silver" of fineness 371.25/416 = 89.24%; as well as an "eagle" to contain <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">247<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">4</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> grains of fine gold, or 270.0 grains (17.50 g) of 22 <a href="/wiki/Karat" class="mw-redirect" title="Karat">karat</a> or 91.67% fine gold.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a> arrived at these numbers based on a treasury assay of the average fine silver content of a selection of worn <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollar" title="Spanish dollar">Spanish dollars</a>, which came out to be 371 grains. Combined with the prevailing gold-silver ratio of 15, the standard for gold was calculated at 371/15 = 24.73 grains fine gold or 26.98 grains 22K gold. Rounding the latter to 27.0 grains finalized the dollar's standard to 24.75 grains of fine gold or 24.75*15 = 371.25 grains = 24.0566 grams = 0.7735 troy ounces of fine silver. </p><p>The same coinage act also set the value of an eagle at 10 dollars, and the dollar at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">10</span></span> eagle. It called for silver coins in denominations of 1, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">10</span></span>, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">20</span></span> dollar, as well as gold coins in denominations of 1, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> eagle. The value of gold or silver contained in the dollar was then converted into relative value in the economy for the buying and selling of goods. This allowed the value of things to remain fairly constant over time, except for the influx and outflux of gold and silver in the nation's economy.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though a <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollar" title="Spanish dollar">Spanish dollar</a> freshly minted after 1772 theoretically contained 417.7 grains of silver of fineness 130/144 (or 377.1 grains fine silver), reliable assays of the period in fact confirmed a fine silver content of 370.95 grains (24.037 g) for the average Spanish dollar in circulation.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new U.S. silver dollar of 371.25 grains (24.057 g) therefore compared favorably and was received at par with the Spanish dollar for foreign payments, and after 1803 the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a> had to suspend making this coin out of its limited resources since it failed to stay in domestic circulation. It was only after Mexican independence in 1821 when their peso's fine silver content of 377.1 grains was firmly upheld, which the U.S. later had to compete with using a heavier 378.0 grains (24.49 g) <a href="/wiki/Trade_dollar_(United_States_coin)" title="Trade dollar (United States coin)">Trade dollar coin</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design">Design</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The early currency of the United States did not exhibit faces of presidents, as is the custom now;<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although today, by law, only the portrait of a deceased individual may appear on United States currency.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, the newly formed government was against having portraits of leaders on the currency, a practice compared to the policies of European monarchs.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The currency as we know it today did not get the faces they currently have until after the early 20th century; before that "heads" side of coinage used profile faces and striding, seated, and standing figures from Greek and Roman mythology and composite Native Americans. The last coins to be converted to profiles of historic Americans were the dime (1946), the half Dollar (1948), and the Dollar (1971). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Continental_currency">Continental currency</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Continental currency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Continental_currency" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental currency">Continental currency</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Continental_Currency_One-Third-Dollar_17-Feb-76_obv.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Continental_Currency_One-Third-Dollar_17-Feb-76_obv.jpg/200px-Continental_Currency_One-Third-Dollar_17-Feb-76_obv.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Continental_Currency_One-Third-Dollar_17-Feb-76_obv.jpg/300px-Continental_Currency_One-Third-Dollar_17-Feb-76_obv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Continental_Currency_One-Third-Dollar_17-Feb-76_obv.jpg/400px-Continental_Currency_One-Third-Dollar_17-Feb-76_obv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="543" /></a><figcaption>Continental one third dollar bill (obverse)</figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> became <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">independent</a>. Freed from British monetary regulations, they each issued <a href="/wiki/%C2%A3sd" title="£sd">£sd</a> paper money to pay for military expenses. The <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a> also began issuing "Continental Currency" denominated in Spanish dollars. For its value relative to states' currencies, see <a href="/wiki/Early_American_currency#Continental_currency" title="Early American currency">Early American currency</a>. </p><p>Continental currency <a href="/wiki/Depreciation_(currency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Depreciation (currency)">depreciated</a> badly during the war, giving rise to the famous phrase "not worth a continental".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A primary problem was that monetary policy was not coordinated between Congress and the states, which continued to issue bills of credit. Additionally, neither Congress nor the governments of the several states had the will or the means to retire the bills from circulation through taxation or the sale of bonds.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The currency was ultimately replaced by the silver dollar at the rate of 1 silver dollar to 1000 continental dollars. This resulted in the clause "No state shall... make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts" being written into the <a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_10:_Limits_on_the_States" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">United States Constitution article 1, section 10</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Silver_and_gold_standards,_19th_century"><span id="Silver_and_gold_standards.2C_19th_century"></span>Silver and gold standards, 19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Silver and gold standards, 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From implementation of the 1792 <a href="/wiki/Mint_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Mint Act">Mint Act</a> to the 1900 implementation of the <a href="/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard">gold standard</a>, the dollar was on a <a href="/wiki/Bimetallism" title="Bimetallism">bimetallic</a> silver-and-gold standard, defined as either 371.25 <a href="/wiki/Grain_(unit)" title="Grain (unit)">grains</a> (24.056 g) of fine silver or 24.75 grains of fine gold (gold-silver ratio 15). </p><p>Subsequent to the <a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1834" title="Coinage Act of 1834">Coinage Act of 1834</a> the dollar's fine gold equivalent was revised to 23.2 grains; it was slightly adjusted to 23.22 grains (1.505 g) in 1837 (gold-silver ratio ~16). The same act also resolved the difficulty in minting the "standard silver" of 89.24% fineness by revising the dollar's alloy to 412.5 grains, 90% silver, still containing 371.25 grains fine silver. Gold was also revised to 90% fineness: 25.8 grains gross, 23.22 grains fine gold. </p><p>Following the rise in the price of silver during the <a href="/wiki/California_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="California Gold Rush">California Gold Rush</a> and the disappearance of circulating silver coins, the <a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1853" title="Coinage Act of 1853">Coinage Act of 1853</a> reduced the standard for silver coins less than $1 from 412.5 grains to 384 grains (24.9 g), 90% silver per 100 cents (slightly revised to 25.0 g, 90% silver in 1873). The Act also limited the <a href="/wiki/Free_silver" title="Free silver">free silver</a> right of individuals to convert <a href="/wiki/Bullion" title="Bullion">bullion</a> into only one coin, the silver dollar of 412.5 grains; smaller coins of lower standard can only be produced by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a> using its own bullion. </p><p>Summary and <a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="Coins of the United States dollar">links to coins</a> issued in the 19th century: </p> <ul><li>In base metal: <a href="/wiki/Half_cent_(United_States_coin)" title="Half cent (United States coin)">1/2 cent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penny_(United_States_coin)" title="Penny (United States coin)">1 cent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nickel_(United_States_coin)" title="Nickel (United States coin)">5 cents</a>.</li> <li>In silver: <a href="/wiki/Half_dime" title="Half dime">half dime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dime_(United_States_coin)" title="Dime (United States coin)">dime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quarter_(United_States_coin)" title="Quarter (United States coin)">quarter dollar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Half_dollar_(United_States_coin)" title="Half dollar (United States coin)">half dollar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dollar_coin_(United_States)" title="Dollar coin (United States)">silver dollar</a>.</li> <li>In gold: <a href="/wiki/Gold_dollar" title="Gold dollar">gold $1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quarter_eagle" title="Quarter eagle">$2.50 quarter eagle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Half_eagle" title="Half eagle">$5 half eagle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eagle_(United_States_coin)" title="Eagle (United States coin)">$10 eagle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Double_eagle" title="Double eagle">$20 double eagle</a>.</li> <li>Less common denominations: <a href="/wiki/Two-cent_piece_(United_States_coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-cent piece (United States coin)">bronze 2 cents</a>, <a href="/wiki/Three-cent_nickel" title="Three-cent nickel">nickel 3 cents</a>, <a href="/wiki/Three-cent_silver" title="Three-cent silver">silver 3 cents</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twenty-cent_piece_(United_States_coin)" title="Twenty-cent piece (United States coin)">silver 20 cents</a>, <a href="/wiki/Three-dollar_piece" title="Three-dollar piece">gold $3</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Note_issues,_19th_century"><span id="Note_issues.2C_19th_century"></span>Note issues, 19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Note issues, 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:One_US_dollar_1917.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/One_US_dollar_1917.jpg/200px-One_US_dollar_1917.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/One_US_dollar_1917.jpg/300px-One_US_dollar_1917.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/One_US_dollar_1917.jpg/400px-One_US_dollar_1917.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1964" data-file-height="810" /></a><figcaption>Series of 1917 <a href="/wiki/United_States_one-dollar_bill" title="United States one-dollar bill">$1 United States Note</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In order to finance the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, Congress authorized the issuance of <a href="/wiki/Treasury_Note_(19th_century)" title="Treasury Note (19th century)">Treasury Notes</a>, interest-bearing short-term debt that could be used to pay public dues. While they were intended to serve as debt, they did function "to a limited extent" as money. Treasury Notes were again printed to help resolve the reduction in public revenues resulting from the <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1837" title="Panic of 1837">Panic of 1837</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1857" title="Panic of 1857">Panic of 1857</a>, as well as to help finance the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>. </p><p>Paper money was issued again in 1862 without the backing of precious metals due to the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>. In addition to Treasury Notes, Congress in 1861 authorized the Treasury to borrow $50 million in the form of <a href="/wiki/Demand_Notes" class="mw-redirect" title="Demand Notes">Demand Notes</a>, which did not bear interest but could be redeemed on demand for precious metals. However, by December 1861, the <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> government's supply of specie was outstripped by demand for redemption and they were forced to suspend redemption temporarily. In February 1862 Congress passed the <a href="/wiki/Legal_Tender_Cases" title="Legal Tender Cases"><i>Legal Tender Act of 1862</i></a>, issuing <a href="/wiki/United_States_Notes" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Notes">United States Notes</a>, which were not redeemable on demand and bore no interest, but were <a href="/wiki/Legal_tender" title="Legal tender">legal tender</a>, meaning that creditors had to accept them at face value for any payment except for public debts and import tariffs. However, silver and gold coins continued to be issued, resulting in the depreciation of the newly printed notes through <a href="/wiki/Gresham%27s_law" title="Gresham's law">Gresham's law</a>. In 1869, Supreme Court ruled in <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_v._Griswold" title="Hepburn v. Griswold">Hepburn v. Griswold</a> that Congress could not require creditors to accept United States Notes, but overturned that ruling the next year in the <a href="/wiki/Legal_Tender_Cases" title="Legal Tender Cases">Legal Tender Cases</a>. In 1875, Congress passed the <i><a href="/wiki/Specie_Payment_Resumption_Act" title="Specie Payment Resumption Act">Specie Payment Resumption Act</a></i>, requiring the Treasury to allow U.S. Notes to be redeemed for gold after January 1, 1879. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gold_standard,_20th_century"><span id="Gold_standard.2C_20th_century"></span>Gold standard, 20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Gold standard, 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NNC-US-1907-G$20-Saint_Gaudens_(Roman,_high_relief).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/NNC-US-1907-G%2420-Saint_Gaudens_%28Roman%2C_high_relief%29.jpg/220px-NNC-US-1907-G%2420-Saint_Gaudens_%28Roman%2C_high_relief%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/NNC-US-1907-G%2420-Saint_Gaudens_%28Roman%2C_high_relief%29.jpg/330px-NNC-US-1907-G%2420-Saint_Gaudens_%28Roman%2C_high_relief%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/NNC-US-1907-G%2420-Saint_Gaudens_%28Roman%2C_high_relief%29.jpg/440px-NNC-US-1907-G%2420-Saint_Gaudens_%28Roman%2C_high_relief%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9857" data-file-height="5000" /></a><figcaption>Gold <a href="/wiki/Double_eagle" title="Double eagle">double eagle</a> ($20 coin), 1907</figcaption></figure> <p>Though the dollar came under the <a href="/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard">gold standard</a> <i>de jure</i> only after 1900, the <a href="/wiki/Bimetallism" title="Bimetallism">bimetallic era</a> was ended <i>de facto</i> when the <a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1873" title="Coinage Act of 1873">Coinage Act of 1873</a> suspended the minting of the standard <a href="/wiki/Dollar_coin_(United_States)" title="Dollar coin (United States)">silver dollar</a> of 412.5 Troy <a href="/wiki/Grain_(unit)" title="Grain (unit)">grains</a> = 26.73 g; 0.859 ozt, the only fully legal tender coin that individuals could convert bullion into in unlimited (or <a href="/wiki/Free_silver" title="Free silver">Free silver</a>) quantities,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and right at the onset of the <a href="/wiki/Silver_rush" title="Silver rush">silver rush</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Comstock_Lode" title="Comstock Lode">Comstock Lode</a> in the 1870s. This was the so-called "Crime of '73". </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Gold_Standard_Act" title="Gold Standard Act">Gold Standard Act</a></i> of 1900 repealed the U.S. dollar's historic link to silver and defined it solely as 23.22 grains (1.505 g) of fine gold (or $20.67 per <a href="/wiki/Troy_ounce" class="mw-redirect" title="Troy ounce">troy ounce</a> of 480 grains). In 1933, gold coins were confiscated by <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_6102" title="Executive Order 6102">Executive Order 6102</a> under <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>, and in 1934 the standard was changed to $35 per troy ounce fine gold, or 13.71 grains (0.888 g) per dollar. </p><p>After 1968 a series of revisions to the gold peg was implemented, culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Nixon_Shock" class="mw-redirect" title="Nixon Shock">Nixon Shock</a> of August 15, 1971, which suddenly ended the convertibility of dollars to gold. The U.S. dollar has since floated freely on the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_market" title="Foreign exchange market">foreign exchange markets</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_Reserve_Notes,_20th_century_to_present"><span id="Federal_Reserve_Notes.2C_20th_century_to_present"></span>Federal Reserve Notes, 20th century to present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Federal Reserve Notes, 20th century to present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Note" title="Federal Reserve Note">Federal Reserve Note</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:500_USD_note;_series_of_1934;_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/500_USD_note%3B_series_of_1934%3B_obverse.jpg/200px-500_USD_note%3B_series_of_1934%3B_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/500_USD_note%3B_series_of_1934%3B_obverse.jpg/300px-500_USD_note%3B_series_of_1934%3B_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/500_USD_note%3B_series_of_1934%3B_obverse.jpg/400px-500_USD_note%3B_series_of_1934%3B_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1842" data-file-height="778" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Obverse of a rare 1934 $500 Federal Reserve Note, featuring a portrait of President <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:500_USD_note;_series_of_1934;_reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/500_USD_note%3B_series_of_1934%3B_reverse.jpg/200px-500_USD_note%3B_series_of_1934%3B_reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/500_USD_note%3B_series_of_1934%3B_reverse.jpg/300px-500_USD_note%3B_series_of_1934%3B_reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/500_USD_note%3B_series_of_1934%3B_reverse.jpg/400px-500_USD_note%3B_series_of_1934%3B_reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1843" data-file-height="776" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Reverse of a $500 Federal Reserve Note</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Congress continued to issue paper money after the Civil War, the latest of which is the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Note" title="Federal Reserve Note">Federal Reserve Note</a> that was authorized by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Act_of_1913" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve Act of 1913">Federal Reserve Act of 1913</a>. Since the discontinuation of all other types of notes (Gold Certificates in 1933, Silver Certificates in 1963, and United States Notes in 1971), U.S. dollar notes have since been issued exclusively as <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Note" title="Federal Reserve Note">Federal Reserve Notes</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emergence_as_reserve_currency">Emergence as reserve currency</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Emergence as reserve currency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/International_use_of_the_U.S._dollar" title="International use of the U.S. dollar">International use of the U.S. dollar</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WhiteandKeynes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/WhiteandKeynes.jpg/170px-WhiteandKeynes.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/WhiteandKeynes.jpg/255px-WhiteandKeynes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/WhiteandKeynes.jpg/340px-WhiteandKeynes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" title="John Maynard Keynes">John Maynard Keynes</a> (right) and <a href="/wiki/Harry_Dexter_White" title="Harry Dexter White">Harry Dexter White</a> at the inaugural meeting of the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> in 1946. They were instrumental in drafting the provisions of the post-war global financial system.</figcaption></figure> <p>The U.S. dollar first emerged as an important international <a href="/wiki/Reserve_currency" title="Reserve currency">reserve currency</a> in the 1920s, displacing the British <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">pound sterling</a> as it emerged from the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> relatively unscathed and since the United States was a significant recipient of wartime gold inflows. After the United States emerged as an even stronger global <a href="/wiki/Superpower" title="Superpower">superpower</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Bretton Woods Agreement">Bretton Woods Agreement</a> of 1944 established the U.S. dollar as the world's primary reserve currency and the only post-war currency linked to gold. Despite all links to gold being severed in 1971, the dollar continues to be the world's foremost reserve currency for international trade to this day. </p><p>The Bretton Woods Agreement of 1944 also defined the post-World War II monetary order and relations among modern-day <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">independent states</a>, by setting up a system of rules, institutions, and procedures to regulate the <a href="/wiki/International_monetary_system" title="International monetary system">international monetary system</a>. The agreement founded the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> and other institutions of the modern-day <a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a>, establishing the infrastructure for conducting international payments and accessing the global capital markets using the U.S. dollar. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Monetary_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Monetary policy of the United States">monetary policy of the United States</a> is conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve System">Federal Reserve System</a>, which acts as the nation's <a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">central bank</a>. It was founded in 1913 under the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Act" title="Federal Reserve Act">Federal Reserve Act</a> in order to furnish an elastic currency for the United States and to supervise its banking system, particularly in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1907" title="Panic of 1907">Panic of 1907</a>. </p><p>For most of the post-war period, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._government" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. government">U.S. government</a> has financed its own spending by borrowing heavily from the dollar-lubricated global capital markets, in debts denominated in its own currency and at minimal interest rates. This ability to borrow heavily without facing a significant <a href="/wiki/Balance_of_payments_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Balance of payments crisis">balance of payments crisis</a> has been described as the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Exorbitant_privilege" title="Exorbitant privilege">exorbitant privilege</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coins">Coins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Coins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Coins of the United States dollar</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a> has issued legal tender coins every year from 1792 to the present. From 1934 to the present, the only denominations produced for circulation have been the familiar penny, nickel, dime, quarter, half dollar, and dollar. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Denomination </th> <th scope="col">Common name </th> <th scope="col">Obverse </th> <th scope="col">Reverse </th> <th scope="col">Obverse portrait and design date </th> <th scope="col">Reverse motif and design date </th> <th scope="col">Weight </th> <th scope="col">Diameter </th> <th scope="col">Material </th> <th scope="col">Edge </th> <th scope="col">Circulation </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Penny_(United_States_coin)" title="Penny (United States coin)">Cent</a><br />1¢ </th> <td>penny </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_One_Cent_Obv.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/US_One_Cent_Obv.png/48px-US_One_Cent_Obv.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/US_One_Cent_Obv.png/72px-US_One_Cent_Obv.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/US_One_Cent_Obv.png/96px-US_One_Cent_Obv.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_union_shield_penny_reverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/US_union_shield_penny_reverse.png/48px-US_union_shield_penny_reverse.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/US_union_shield_penny_reverse.png/72px-US_union_shield_penny_reverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/US_union_shield_penny_reverse.png/96px-US_union_shield_penny_reverse.png 2x" data-file-width="1141" data-file-height="1144" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> (1909) </td> <td>Union Shield (2010) </td> <td>2.5 g<br />(0.088 oz) </td> <td>0.75 in<br />(19.05 mm) </td> <td>97.5% <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zn</a> covered by 2.5% <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Cu</a> </td> <td>Plain </td> <td>Wide </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nickel_(United_States_coin)" title="Nickel (United States coin)">Five cents</a><br />5¢ </th> <td>nickel </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jefferson-Nickel-Unc-Obv.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Jefferson-Nickel-Unc-Obv.jpg/53px-Jefferson-Nickel-Unc-Obv.jpg" decoding="async" width="53" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Jefferson-Nickel-Unc-Obv.jpg/80px-Jefferson-Nickel-Unc-Obv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Jefferson-Nickel-Unc-Obv.jpg/106px-Jefferson-Nickel-Unc-Obv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1523" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Nickel_2013_Rev.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/US_Nickel_2013_Rev.png/53px-US_Nickel_2013_Rev.png" decoding="async" width="53" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/US_Nickel_2013_Rev.png/80px-US_Nickel_2013_Rev.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/US_Nickel_2013_Rev.png/106px-US_Nickel_2013_Rev.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> (2006) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monticello" title="Monticello">Monticello</a> (1938) </td> <td>5.0 g<br />(0.176 oz) </td> <td>0.835 in<br />(21.21 mm) </td> <td>75% Cu<br />25% <a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a> </td> <td>Plain </td> <td>Wide </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Dime_(United_States_coin)" title="Dime (United States coin)">Ten cents</a><br />10¢ </th> <td>dime </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dime_Obverse_13.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Dime_Obverse_13.png/45px-Dime_Obverse_13.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Dime_Obverse_13.png/68px-Dime_Obverse_13.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Dime_Obverse_13.png/90px-Dime_Obverse_13.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dime_Reverse_13.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Dime_Reverse_13.png/45px-Dime_Reverse_13.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Dime_Reverse_13.png/68px-Dime_Reverse_13.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Dime_Reverse_13.png/90px-Dime_Reverse_13.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (1946) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Olive_branch" title="Olive branch">Olive branch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torch" title="Torch">torch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak branch</a> (1946) </td> <td>2.268 g<br />(0.08 oz) </td> <td>0.705 in<br />(17.91 mm) </td> <td>91.67% Cu<br />8.33% Ni </td> <td>118 reeds </td> <td>Wide </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Quarter_(United_States_coin)" title="Quarter (United States coin)">Quarter dollar</a><br />25¢ </th> <td>quarter </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2021-P_US_Quarter_Obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/2021-P_US_Quarter_Obverse.jpg/61px-2021-P_US_Quarter_Obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="61" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/2021-P_US_Quarter_Obverse.jpg/92px-2021-P_US_Quarter_Obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/2021-P_US_Quarter_Obverse.jpg/122px-2021-P_US_Quarter_Obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="768" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quarter_new.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Quarter_new.jpg/61px-Quarter_new.jpg" decoding="async" width="61" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Quarter_new.jpg/92px-Quarter_new.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Quarter_new.jpg/122px-Quarter_new.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1208" data-file-height="1202" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> (1932) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Women_quarters" title="American Women quarters">Various</a> (5 designs per year) </td> <td>5.67 g<br />(0.2 oz) </td> <td>0.955 in<br />(24.26 mm) </td> <td>91.67% Cu<br />8.33% Ni </td> <td>119 reeds </td> <td>Wide </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Half_dollar_(United_States_coin)" title="Half dollar (United States coin)">Half dollar</a><br />50¢ </th> <td>half dollar </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Half_Dollar_Obverse_2015.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/US_Half_Dollar_Obverse_2015.png/77px-US_Half_Dollar_Obverse_2015.png" decoding="async" width="77" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/US_Half_Dollar_Obverse_2015.png/116px-US_Half_Dollar_Obverse_2015.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/US_Half_Dollar_Obverse_2015.png/154px-US_Half_Dollar_Obverse_2015.png 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1960" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_50_Cent_Rev.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/US_50_Cent_Rev.png/77px-US_50_Cent_Rev.png" decoding="async" width="77" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/US_50_Cent_Rev.png/116px-US_50_Cent_Rev.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/US_50_Cent_Rev.png/154px-US_50_Cent_Rev.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> (1964) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of the President of the United States">Presidential Seal</a> (1964) </td> <td>11.34 g<br />(0.4 oz) </td> <td>1.205 in<br />(30.61 mm) </td> <td>91.67% Cu<br />8.33% Ni </td> <td>150 reeds </td> <td>Limited </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Dollar_coin_(United_States)" title="Dollar coin (United States)">Dollar coin</a><br />$1 </th> <td>dollar coin, golden dollar </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sacagawea_dollar_obverse.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fe/Sacagawea_dollar_obverse.png/66px-Sacagawea_dollar_obverse.png" decoding="async" width="66" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fe/Sacagawea_dollar_obverse.png/99px-Sacagawea_dollar_obverse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fe/Sacagawea_dollar_obverse.png/132px-Sacagawea_dollar_obverse.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="316" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2003_Sacagawea_Rev.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/2003_Sacagawea_Rev.png/66px-2003_Sacagawea_Rev.png" decoding="async" width="66" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/2003_Sacagawea_Rev.png/99px-2003_Sacagawea_Rev.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/2003_Sacagawea_Rev.png/132px-2003_Sacagawea_Rev.png 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="845" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sacagawea" title="Sacagawea">Sacagawea</a> <p>(2000) </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Innovation_dollars" title="American Innovation dollars">Various</a> (4 designs per year) </td> <td>8.10 g<br />(0.286 oz) </td> <td>1.043 in<br />(26.50 mm) </td> <td>88.5% Cu<br />6% Zn<br />3.5% <a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">Mn</a><br />2% Ni </td> <td>Plain 2000–2006<br />Lettered 2007–Present </td> <td>Limited </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="11"><small>These images are to scale at 2.5 pixels per millimetre. For table standards, see the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Numismatics/Style/Currency_article#Specification_table" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Numismatics/Style/Currency article">coin specification table</a>.</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Gold and silver coins have been previously minted for general circulation from the 18th to the 20th centuries. The last gold coins were minted in 1933. The last 90% silver coins were minted in 1964, and the last 40% silver half dollar was minted in 1970. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a> currently produces circulating coins at the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Mint" title="Philadelphia Mint">Philadelphia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Denver_Mint" title="Denver Mint">Denver Mints</a>, and commemorative and proof coins for collectors at the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Mint" title="San Francisco Mint">San Francisco</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Point_Mint" title="West Point Mint">West Point Mints</a>. Mint mark conventions for these and for past mint branches are discussed in <i><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar#Mint_marks" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Coins of the United States dollar#Mint marks</a></i>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Dollar_coin_(United_States)" title="Dollar coin (United States)">one-dollar coin</a> has never been in popular circulation from 1794 to present, despite several attempts to increase their usage since the 1970s, the most important reason of which is the continued production and popularity of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_one-dollar_bill" title="United States one-dollar bill">one-dollar bill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Half_dollar_(United_States_coin)" title="Half dollar (United States coin)">Half dollar coins</a> were commonly used currency since inception in 1794, but has fallen out of use from the mid-1960s when all silver half dollars began to be hoarded. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Nickel_(United_States_coin)" title="Nickel (United States coin)">nickel</a> is the only coin whose size and composition (5 grams, 75% copper, and 25% nickel) is still in use from 1865 to today, except for wartime 1942–1945 <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_nickel" title="Jefferson nickel">Jefferson nickels</a> which contained silver. </p><p>Due to the penny's low value, some <a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_eliminate_the_penny_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Efforts to eliminate the penny in the United States">efforts have been made to eliminate the penny</a> as circulating coinage.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For a discussion of other discontinued and canceled denominations, see <i><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_denominations_of_United_States_currency#Coinage" title="Obsolete denominations of United States currency">Obsolete denominations of United States currency</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Canceled_denominations_of_United_States_currency#Coinage" title="Canceled denominations of United States currency">Canceled denominations of United States currency</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collector_coins">Collector coins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Collector coins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Collector coins are technically legal tender at face value but are usually worth far more due to their numismatic value or for their precious metal content. These include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Eagle_bullion_coins" title="American Eagle bullion coins">American Eagle bullion coins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Silver_Eagle" title="American Silver Eagle">American Silver Eagle</a> $1 (1 <a href="/wiki/Troy_ounce" class="mw-redirect" title="Troy ounce">troy oz</a>) Silver bullion coin 1986–present</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Gold_Eagle" title="American Gold Eagle">American Gold Eagle</a> $5 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">10</span></span> troy oz), $10 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> troy oz), $25 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> troy oz), and $50 (1 troy oz) Gold bullion coin 1986–present</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Platinum_Eagle" title="American Platinum Eagle">American Platinum Eagle</a> $10 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">10</span></span> troy oz), $25 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> troy oz), $50 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> troy oz), and $100 (1 troy oz) Platinum bullion coin 1997–present</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Palladium_Eagle" title="American Palladium Eagle">American Palladium Eagle</a> $25 (1 troy oz) Palladium bullion coin 2017–present</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_commemorative_coin" class="mw-redirect" title="United States commemorative coin">United States commemorative coins</a>—special issue coins, among these: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Half_union" title="Half union">$50.00 (Half Union)</a> minted for the <a href="/wiki/Panama-Pacific_International_Exposition_(1915)" class="mw-redirect" title="Panama-Pacific International Exposition (1915)">Panama-Pacific International Exposition (1915)</a></li> <li>Silver proof sets minted since 1992 with dimes, quarters and half-dollars made of silver rather than the standard copper-nickel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_dollar_coins" title="Presidential dollar coins">Presidential dollar coins</a> proof sets minted since 2007</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Banknotes">Banknotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Banknotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Note" title="Federal Reserve Note">Federal Reserve Note</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#2E8B57;"> <th>Denomination </th> <th>Front </th> <th>Reverse </th> <th>Portrait </th> <th>Reverse motif </th> <th>First series </th> <th>Latest series </th> <th>Circulation </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-dollar_bill" title="United States one-dollar bill">One dollar</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_one_dollar_bill,_obverse,_series_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse%2C_series_2009.jpg/250px-US_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse%2C_series_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse%2C_series_2009.jpg/375px-US_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse%2C_series_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/US_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse%2C_series_2009.jpg/500px-US_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse%2C_series_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1216" data-file-height="519" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_one_dollar_bill,_reverse,_series_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/US_one_dollar_bill%2C_reverse%2C_series_2009.jpg/250px-US_one_dollar_bill%2C_reverse%2C_series_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/US_one_dollar_bill%2C_reverse%2C_series_2009.jpg/375px-US_one_dollar_bill%2C_reverse%2C_series_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/US_one_dollar_bill%2C_reverse%2C_series_2009.jpg/500px-US_one_dollar_bill%2C_reverse%2C_series_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1225" data-file-height="523" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States" title="Great Seal of the United States">Great Seal of the United States</a> </td> <td>Series 1963<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Series 1935<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Series 2021<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Wide </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_two-dollar_bill" title="United States two-dollar bill">Two dollars</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_$2_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US_%242_obverse.jpg/250px-US_%242_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US_%242_obverse.jpg/375px-US_%242_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/US_%242_obverse.jpg/500px-US_%242_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1057" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_$2_reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/US_%242_reverse.jpg/250px-US_%242_reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/US_%242_reverse.jpg/375px-US_%242_reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/US_%242_reverse.jpg/500px-US_%242_reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1058" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_(Trumbull)" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration of Independence (Trumbull)">Declaration of Independence</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/John_Trumbull" title="John Trumbull">John Trumbull</a> </td> <td>Series 1976 </td> <td>Series 2017A </td> <td>Limited<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_five-dollar_bill" title="United States five-dollar bill">Five dollars</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_$5_Series_2006_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/US_%245_Series_2006_obverse.jpg/250px-US_%245_Series_2006_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/US_%245_Series_2006_obverse.jpg/375px-US_%245_Series_2006_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/US_%245_Series_2006_obverse.jpg/500px-US_%245_Series_2006_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7364" data-file-height="3104" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_$5_Series_2006_reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/US_%245_Series_2006_reverse.jpg/250px-US_%245_Series_2006_reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/US_%245_Series_2006_reverse.jpg/375px-US_%245_Series_2006_reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/US_%245_Series_2006_reverse.jpg/500px-US_%245_Series_2006_reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7336" data-file-height="3108" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln Memorial</a> </td> <td>Series 2006 </td> <td>Series 2021<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Wide </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_ten-dollar_bill" title="United States ten-dollar bill">Ten dollars</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg/250px-US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg/375px-US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg/500px-US10dollarbill-Series_2004A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7727" data-file-height="3436" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_$10_Series_2004_reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/US_%2410_Series_2004_reverse.jpg/250px-US_%2410_Series_2004_reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/US_%2410_Series_2004_reverse.jpg/375px-US_%2410_Series_2004_reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/US_%2410_Series_2004_reverse.jpg/500px-US_%2410_Series_2004_reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7376" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Treasury_Building_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Treasury Building (Washington, D.C.)">Treasury Building</a> </td> <td>Series 2004A </td> <td>Series 2017A </td> <td>Wide </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_twenty-dollar_bill" title="United States twenty-dollar bill">Twenty dollars</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US20-front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/US20-front.jpg/250px-US20-front.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/US20-front.jpg/375px-US20-front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/US20-front.jpg/500px-US20-front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7348" data-file-height="3092" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US20-back.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/US20-back.jpg/250px-US20-back.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/US20-back.jpg/375px-US20-back.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/US20-back.jpg/500px-US20-back.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7335" data-file-height="3082" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> </td> <td>Series 2004 </td> <td>Series 2017A </td> <td>Wide </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_fifty-dollar_bill" title="United States fifty-dollar bill">Fifty dollars</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:50_USD_Series_2004_Note_Front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/50_USD_Series_2004_Note_Front.jpg/250px-50_USD_Series_2004_Note_Front.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/50_USD_Series_2004_Note_Front.jpg/375px-50_USD_Series_2004_Note_Front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/50_USD_Series_2004_Note_Front.jpg/500px-50_USD_Series_2004_Note_Front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1149" data-file-height="493" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:50_USD_Series_2004_Note_Back.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/50_USD_Series_2004_Note_Back.jpg/250px-50_USD_Series_2004_Note_Back.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/50_USD_Series_2004_Note_Back.jpg/375px-50_USD_Series_2004_Note_Back.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/50_USD_Series_2004_Note_Back.jpg/500px-50_USD_Series_2004_Note_Back.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7341" data-file-height="3105" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">United States Capitol</a> </td> <td>Series 2004 </td> <td>Series 2017A </td> <td>Wide </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_one_hundred-dollar_bill" class="mw-redirect" title="United States one hundred-dollar bill">One hundred dollars</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Obverse_of_the_series_2009_$100_Federal_Reserve_Note.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Obverse_of_the_series_2009_%24100_Federal_Reserve_Note.jpg/250px-Obverse_of_the_series_2009_%24100_Federal_Reserve_Note.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Obverse_of_the_series_2009_%24100_Federal_Reserve_Note.jpg/375px-Obverse_of_the_series_2009_%24100_Federal_Reserve_Note.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Obverse_of_the_series_2009_%24100_Federal_Reserve_Note.jpg/500px-Obverse_of_the_series_2009_%24100_Federal_Reserve_Note.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="505" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New100back.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/New100back.jpg/250px-New100back.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/New100back.jpg/375px-New100back.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/New100back.jpg/500px-New100back.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="502" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall">Independence Hall</a> </td> <td>Series 2009A<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Series 2017A </td> <td>Wide </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">U.S. Constitution</a> provides that Congress shall have the power to "borrow money on the credit of the United States."<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Congress has exercised that power by authorizing <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Banks" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve Banks">Federal Reserve Banks</a> to issue <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Notes" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve Notes">Federal Reserve Notes</a>. Those notes are "obligations of the United States" and "shall be redeemed in lawful money on demand at the Treasury Department of the United States, in the city of Washington, District of Columbia, or at any Federal Reserve bank".<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Federal Reserve Notes are designated by law as "<a href="/wiki/Legal_tender" title="Legal tender">legal tender</a>" for the payment of debts.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Congress has also authorized the issuance of <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Note" title="Federal Reserve Note">more than 10 other types of banknotes</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Note" title="United States Note">United States Note</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_Note" title="Federal Reserve Bank Note">Federal Reserve Bank Note</a>. The Federal Reserve Note is the only type that remains in circulation since the 1970s. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Notes" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve Notes">Federal Reserve Notes</a> are printed by the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a> and are made from <a href="/wiki/Cotton_paper" title="Cotton paper">cotton fiber paper</a> (as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Wood_fibre" title="Wood fibre">wood fiber</a> used to make common paper). The "<a href="/wiki/Large-sized_note" class="mw-redirect" title="Large-sized note">large-sized notes</a>" issued before 1928 measured 7.42 in × 3.125 in (188.5 mm × 79.4 mm), while <a href="/wiki/Small-sized_note" class="mw-redirect" title="Small-sized note">small-sized notes</a> introduced that year measure 6.14 in × 2.61 in × 0.0043 in (155.96 mm × 66.29 mm × 0.11 mm).<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dimensions of the modern (small-size) U.S. currency is identical to the size of <a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">Philippine peso</a> banknotes issued under United States administration after 1903, which had proven highly successful.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The American large-note bills became known as "horse blankets" or "saddle blankets".<sup id="cite_ref-Orzano_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orzano-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Currently printed denominations are <a href="/wiki/United_States_one-dollar_bill" title="United States one-dollar bill">$1</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_two-dollar_bill" title="United States two-dollar bill">$2</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_five-dollar_bill" title="United States five-dollar bill">$5</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_ten-dollar_bill" title="United States ten-dollar bill">$10</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_twenty-dollar_bill" title="United States twenty-dollar bill">$20</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_fifty-dollar_bill" title="United States fifty-dollar bill">$50</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_one_hundred-dollar_bill" class="mw-redirect" title="United States one hundred-dollar bill">$100</a>. Notes above the $100 denomination stopped being printed in 1946 and were officially withdrawn from circulation in 1969. These notes were used primarily in inter-bank transactions or by <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">organized crime</a>; it was the latter usage that prompted President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> to issue an executive order in 1969 halting their use. With the advent of electronic banking, they became less necessary. Notes in denominations of <a href="/wiki/United_States_five-hundred-dollar_bill" title="United States five-hundred-dollar bill">$500</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_one-thousand-dollar_bill" title="United States one-thousand-dollar bill">$1,000</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_five-thousand-dollar_bill" title="United States five-thousand-dollar bill">$5,000</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_ten-thousand-dollar_bill" title="United States ten-thousand-dollar bill">$10,000</a> (discontinued, but still legal tender); <a href="/wiki/United_States_one_hundred-thousand-dollar_bill" class="mw-redirect" title="United States one hundred-thousand-dollar bill">$100,000</a> were all produced at one time; see <a href="/wiki/Large_denomination_bills_in_U.S._currency" class="mw-redirect" title="Large denomination bills in U.S. currency">large denomination bills in U.S. currency</a> for details. With the exception of the $100,000 bill (which was only issued as a Series 1934 Gold Certificate and was never publicly circulated; thus it is illegal to own), these notes are now collectors' items and are worth more than their face value to collectors. </p><p>Though still predominantly green, the post-2004 series incorporate other colors to better distinguish different denominations. As a result of a 2008 decision in an accessibility lawsuit filed by the <a href="/wiki/American_Council_of_the_Blind" title="American Council of the Blind">American Council of the Blind</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a> is planning to implement a raised tactile feature in the next redesign of each note, except the $1 and the current version of the $100 bill. It also plans larger, higher-contrast numerals, more color differences, and distribution of currency readers to assist the visually impaired during the transition period.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Countries_that_use_US_dollar">Countries that use US dollar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Countries that use US dollar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formal_users">Formal users</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Formal users"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="United States"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></span> <ul><li>including 5 territories: <ul><li><span data-sort-value="American Samoa"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg/23px-Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg/35px-Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg/46px-Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Guam"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Guam.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="738" data-file-height="396" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Northern Mariana Islands"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Puerto Rico"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/45px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="U.S. Virgin Islands"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="850" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">United States Minor Outlying Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_of_Free_Association" title="Compact of Free Association">Compact of Free Association</a> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="Marshall Islands"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Micronesia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Palau"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Palau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span data-sort-value="East Timor"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_East_Timor.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Timor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> alongside <a href="/wiki/East_Timor_centavo_coins" title="East Timor centavo coins">East Timor centavo coins</a></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Ecuador"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> alongside <a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_centavo_coins" title="Ecuadorian centavo coins">Ecuadorian centavo coins</a></li> <li><span data-sort-value="El Salvador"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> alongside <a href="/wiki/Bitcoin" title="Bitcoin">Bitcoin</a></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Liberia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> alongside <a href="/wiki/Liberian_dollar" title="Liberian dollar">Liberian dollar</a></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Panama"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></span>, alongside <a href="/wiki/Panamanian_balboa" title="Panamanian balboa">Panamanian balboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a> belonging to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland</a>: <ul><li><span data-sort-value="British Virgin Islands"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Turks and Caicos Islands"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></span></li></ul></li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>: <ul><li><span data-sort-value="Bonaire"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Bonaire.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bonaire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Bonaire.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bonaire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Bonaire.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bonaire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Saba"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Saba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Saba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Saba.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Sint Eustatius"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Informal_users">Informal users</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Informal users"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="Argentina"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> official currency is <a href="/wiki/Argentine_peso" title="Argentine peso">Argentine peso</a></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Cambodia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> alongside <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_riel" title="Cambodian riel">Cambodian riel</a></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Venezuela"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></span>, alongside <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Bolivar" class="mw-redirect" title="Venezuelan Bolivar">Venezuelan Bolivar</a><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Zimbabwe"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/46px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></span>, alongside <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_ZiG" title="Zimbabwean ZiG">Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a> belonging to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland</a>: <ul><li><span data-sort-value="British Indian Ocean Territory"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Commissioner_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></span>, official currency is <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Pound sterling</a></li></ul></li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a>: <ul><li><span data-sort-value="Sint Maarten"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></span>, official currency is <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antillean_guilder" title="Netherlands Antillean guilder">Netherlands Antillean guilder</a></li></ul></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Saint Martin"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Overseas_collectivity" title="Overseas collectivity">overseas collectivity</a>, an integral part of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>) - official currency is Euro</li> <li><span data-sort-value="Honduras"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></span>, official currency is <a href="/wiki/Honduran_lempira" title="Honduran lempira">Honduran lempira</a><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Lebanon"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></span>, official currency is <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Pound" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanese Pound">Lebanese Pound</a><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monetary_policy">Monetary policy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Monetary policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monetary_policy" title="Monetary policy">Monetary policy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monetary_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Monetary policy of the United States">Monetary policy of the United States</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Money_supply" title="Money supply">money supply</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marriner_S._Eccles_Federal_Reserve_Board_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Marriner_S._Eccles_Federal_Reserve_Board_Building.jpg/220px-Marriner_S._Eccles_Federal_Reserve_Board_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Marriner_S._Eccles_Federal_Reserve_Board_Building.jpg/330px-Marriner_S._Eccles_Federal_Reserve_Board_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Marriner_S._Eccles_Federal_Reserve_Board_Building.jpg/440px-Marriner_S._Eccles_Federal_Reserve_Board_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2978" data-file-height="1652" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Eccles_Building" title="Eccles Building">Headquarters of the Federal Reserve System</a> in Washington, D.C.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Act" title="Federal Reserve Act">Federal Reserve Act</a> created the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve System">Federal Reserve System</a> in 1913 as the <a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">central bank</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. Its primary task is to conduct the nation's <a href="/wiki/Monetary_policy" title="Monetary policy">monetary policy</a> to promote maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates in the U.S. economy. It is also tasked to promote the stability of the financial system and regulate financial institutions, and to act as <a href="/wiki/Lender_of_last_resort" title="Lender of last resort">lender of last resort</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Monetary_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Monetary policy of the United States">Monetary policy of the United States</a> is conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Open_Market_Committee" title="Federal Open Market Committee">Federal Open Market Committee</a>, which is composed of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Board_of_Governors" title="Federal Reserve Board of Governors">Federal Reserve Board of Governors</a> and 5 out of the 12 Federal Reserve Bank presidents, and is implemented by all twelve regional <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank" title="Federal Reserve Bank">Federal Reserve Banks</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Monetary_policy" title="Monetary policy">Monetary policy</a> refers to actions made by central banks that determine the size and growth rate of the <a href="/wiki/Money_supply" title="Money supply">money supply</a> available in the economy, and which would result in desired objectives like low inflation, low unemployment, and stable financial systems. The economy's aggregate <a href="/wiki/Money_supply" title="Money supply">money supply</a> is the total of </p> <ul><li><b>M0 money, or Monetary Base</b> – "dollars" in currency and <a href="/wiki/Bank_money" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank money">bank money</a> balances credited to the central bank's depositors, which are backed by the central bank's assets,</li> <li><b>plus M1, M2, M3 money</b> – "dollars" in the form of <a href="/wiki/Bank_money" class="mw-redirect" title="Bank money">bank money</a> balances credited to banks' depositors, which are backed by the bank's assets and investments.</li></ul> <p>The FOMC influences the level of money available to the economy by the following means: </p> <ul><li><b>Reserve requirements</b> – specifies a required minimum percentage of deposits in a <a href="/wiki/Commercial_bank" title="Commercial bank">commercial bank</a> that should be held as a reserve (i.e. as deposits with the Federal Reserve), with the rest available to loan or invest. Higher requirements mean less money loaned or invested, helping keep inflation in check. Raising the <b><a href="/wiki/Federal_funds_rate" title="Federal funds rate">federal funds rate</a></b> earned on those reserves also helps achieve this objective.</li> <li><b>Open market operations</b> – the Federal Reserve buys or sells <a href="/wiki/United_States_Treasury_security" title="United States Treasury security">US Treasury bonds</a> and other securities held by banks in exchange for reserves; more reserves increase a bank's capacity to loan or invest elsewhere.</li> <li><b>Discount window lending</b> – banks can borrow from the Federal Reserve.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Monetary_policy" title="Monetary policy">Monetary policy</a> directly affects interest rates; it indirectly affects stock prices, wealth, and currency exchange rates. Through these channels, monetary policy influences spending, investment, production, employment, and inflation in the United States. Effective <a href="/wiki/Monetary_policy" title="Monetary policy">monetary policy</a> complements <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_policy" title="Fiscal policy">fiscal policy</a> to support economic growth. </p><p>The adjusted monetary base has increased from approximately $400 billion in 1994, to $800 billion in 2005, and to over $3 trillion in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the Federal Reserve makes a purchase, it credits the seller's reserve account (with the Federal Reserve). This money is not transferred from any existing funds—it is at this point that the Federal Reserve has created new <a href="/wiki/High-powered_money" class="mw-redirect" title="High-powered money">high-powered money</a>. Commercial banks then decide how much money to keep in deposit with the Federal Reserve and how much to hold as physical currency. In the latter case, the Federal Reserve places an order for printed money from the U.S. Treasury Department.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Treasury Department, in turn, sends these requests to the Bureau of Engraving and Printing (to print new <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_notes" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve notes">dollar bills</a>) and the Bureau of the Mint (to stamp the coins). </p><p>The Federal Reserve's monetary policy objectives to keep prices stable and unemployment low is often called the <i>dual mandate</i>. This replaces past practices under a <a href="/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard">gold standard</a> where the main concern is the gold equivalent of the local currency, or under a gold exchange standard where the concern is fixing the exchange rate versus another gold-convertible currency (previously practiced worldwide under the <a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Bretton Woods Agreement">Bretton Woods Agreement</a> of 1944 via fixed exchange rates to the U.S. dollar). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_use_as_reserve_currency">International use as reserve currency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: International use as reserve currency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Reserve_currency" title="Reserve currency">Reserve currency</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_monetary_system" title="International monetary system">International monetary system</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurodollar" title="Eurodollar">Eurodollar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exorbitant_privilege" title="Exorbitant privilege">Exorbitant privilege</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strong_dollar_policy" title="Strong dollar policy">Strong dollar policy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dollarization" class="mw-redirect" title="Dollarization">Dollarization</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/International_use_of_the_U.S._dollar" title="International use of the U.S. dollar">International use of the U.S. dollar</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DOLLAR_AND_EURO_IN_THE_WORLD.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/DOLLAR_AND_EURO_IN_THE_WORLD.svg/300px-DOLLAR_AND_EURO_IN_THE_WORLD.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/DOLLAR_AND_EURO_IN_THE_WORLD.svg/450px-DOLLAR_AND_EURO_IN_THE_WORLD.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/DOLLAR_AND_EURO_IN_THE_WORLD.svg/600px-DOLLAR_AND_EURO_IN_THE_WORLD.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption>Worldwide use of the U.S. dollar: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#099811; color:black;"> </span> United States</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#99FF9E; color:black;"> </span> External adopters of the US dollar</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#999909; color:black;"> </span> Currencies pegged to the US dollar</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFF99; color:black;"> </span> Currencies pegged to the US dollar w/ narrow band</div> Worldwide use of the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#092D98; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#98b3ff; color:black;"> </span> External adopters of the euro</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#510999; color:white;"> </span> Currencies pegged to the euro</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CC99FF; color:black;"> </span> Currencies pegged to the euro w/ narrow band</div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ascendancy">Ascendancy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Ascendancy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The primary currency used for global trade between <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="The Americas">the Americas</a> has historically been the Spanish-American <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollar" title="Spanish dollar">silver dollar</a>, which created a global <a href="/wiki/Silver_standard" title="Silver standard">silver standard</a> system from the 16th to 19th centuries, due to abundant silver supplies in <a href="/wiki/Spanish_America" title="Spanish America">Spanish America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The U.S. dollar itself was derived from this coin. The <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollar" title="Spanish dollar">Spanish dollar</a> was later displaced by the British <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">pound sterling</a> in the advent of the international <a href="/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard">gold standard</a> in the last quarter of the 19th century. </p><p>The U.S. dollar began to displace the <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">pound sterling</a> as international <a href="/wiki/Reserve_currency" title="Reserve currency">reserve currency</a> from the 1920s since it emerged from the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> relatively unscathed and since the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> was a significant recipient of wartime gold inflows.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the U.S. emerged as an even stronger global <a href="/wiki/Superpower" title="Superpower">superpower</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Bretton Woods Agreement">Bretton Woods Agreement</a> of 1944 established the post-war international monetary system, with the U.S. dollar ascending to become the world's primary <a href="/wiki/Reserve_currency" title="Reserve currency">reserve currency</a> for international trade, and the only post-war currency linked to gold at $35 per <a href="/wiki/Troy_ounce" class="mw-redirect" title="Troy ounce">troy ounce</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_international_reserve_currency">As international reserve currency</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: As international reserve currency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The U.S. dollar is joined by the world's other major currencies – the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">pound sterling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">Japanese yen</a> and Chinese <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">renminbi</a> – in the currency basket of the <a href="/wiki/Special_drawing_rights" title="Special drawing rights">special drawing rights</a> of the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. Central banks worldwide have huge reserves of U.S. dollars in their holdings and are significant buyers of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Treasury_security" title="United States Treasury security">U.S. treasury bills and notes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Foreign companies, entities, and private individuals hold U.S. dollars in foreign deposit accounts called <a href="/wiki/Eurodollar" title="Eurodollar">eurodollars</a> (not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a>), which are outside the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve System">Federal Reserve System</a>. Private individuals also hold dollars outside the banking system mostly in the form of <a href="/wiki/United_States_one-hundred-dollar_bill" title="United States one-hundred-dollar bill">US$100 bills</a>, of which 80% of its supply is held overseas. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">United States Department of the Treasury</a> exercises considerable oversight over the <a href="/wiki/SWIFT" title="SWIFT">SWIFT financial transfers network</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and consequently has a huge sway on the global <a href="/wiki/Financial_transaction" title="Financial transaction">financial transactions</a> systems, with the ability to impose sanctions on foreign entities and individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_global_markets">In the global markets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: In the global markets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The U.S. dollar is predominantly the standard currency unit in which goods are quoted and traded, and with which payments are settled, in the global <a href="/wiki/Commodity_markets" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodity markets">commodity markets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Dollar_Index" title="U.S. Dollar Index">U.S. Dollar Index</a> is an important indicator of the dollar's strength or weakness versus a basket of six foreign currencies. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government">United States Government</a> is capable of borrowing trillions of dollars from the global capital markets in U.S. dollars issued by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve System">Federal Reserve</a>, which is itself under U.S. government purview, at minimal interest rates, and with virtually zero default risk. In contrast, foreign governments and corporations incapable of raising money in their own local currencies are forced to issue debt denominated in U.S. dollars, along with its consequent higher interest rates and risks of default.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States's ability to borrow in its own currency without facing a significant balance of payments crisis has been frequently described as its <a href="/wiki/Exorbitant_privilege" title="Exorbitant privilege">exorbitant privilege</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A frequent topic of debate is whether the <a href="/wiki/Strong_dollar_policy" title="Strong dollar policy">strong dollar policy</a> of the United States is indeed in America's own best interests, as well as in the best interest of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">international community</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Currencies_fixed_to_the_U.S._dollar">Currencies fixed to the U.S. dollar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Currencies fixed to the U.S. dollar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For a more exhaustive discussion of countries using the U.S. dollar as official or customary currency, or using currencies which are pegged to the U.S. dollar, see <i><a href="/wiki/International_use_of_the_U.S._dollar#Dollarization_and_fixed_exchange_rates" title="International use of the U.S. dollar">International use of the U.S. dollar#Dollarization and fixed exchange rates</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Currency_substitution#US_dollar" title="Currency substitution">Currency substitution#US dollar</a></i>. </p><p>Countries using the U.S. dollar as their official currency include: </p> <ul><li>In the Americas: <a href="/wiki/Panamanian_balboa" title="Panamanian balboa">Panama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_centavo_coins" title="Ecuadorian centavo coins">Ecuador</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a>.</li> <li>The constituent states of the former <a href="/wiki/Trust_Territory_of_the_Pacific_Islands" title="Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands">Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands</a>: <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a>.</li> <li>Others: <a href="/wiki/East_Timor_centavo_coins" title="East Timor centavo coins">East Timor</a>.</li></ul> <p>Among the countries using the U.S. dollar together with other foreign currencies and their local currency are <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_riel" title="Cambodian riel">Cambodia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>. </p><p>Currencies pegged to the U.S. dollar include: </p> <ul><li>In the Caribbean: the <a href="/wiki/Bahamian_dollar" title="Bahamian dollar">Bahamian dollar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbadian_dollar" title="Barbadian dollar">Barbadian dollar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belize_dollar" title="Belize dollar">Belize dollar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bermudian_dollar" title="Bermudian dollar">Bermudian dollar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands_dollar" title="Cayman Islands dollar">Cayman Islands dollar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Caribbean_dollar" title="Eastern Caribbean dollar">Eastern Caribbean dollar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antillean_guilder" title="Netherlands Antillean guilder">Netherlands Antillean guilder</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Aruban_florin" title="Aruban florin">Aruban florin</a>.</li> <li>The currencies of five oil-producing Arab countries: the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_riyal" title="Saudi riyal">Saudi riyal</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_dirham" title="United Arab Emirates dirham">United Arab Emirates dirham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omani_rial" title="Omani rial">Omani rial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatari_riyal" title="Qatari riyal">Qatari riyal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bahraini_dinar" title="Bahraini dinar">Bahraini dinar</a>.</li> <li>Others: the <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_dollar" title="Hong Kong dollar">Hong Kong dollar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macanese_pataca" title="Macanese pataca">Macanese pataca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_dinar" title="Jordanian dinar">Jordanian dinar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_pound" title="Lebanese pound">Lebanese pound</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Value">Value</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Value"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>. The reason given is: No new data from the past 12 years (ignoring the difficult to read graphs up to 2021 labeled "Inflation of the dollar"), but prices of many foods along have increased 2-4x or more as one example, but pay isn't increasing at all for most people. The actual inflation numbers would be interesting..<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="floatright"> <caption>Buying power of one U.S. dollar compared to 1775 <a href="/wiki/Spanish_milled_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish milled dollar">Spanish milled dollar</a> </caption> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th> Year  </th> <th style="width: 40pt; font-size: 95%;"> Equivalent buying power </th></tr> <tr> <td>1775</td> <td> $1.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1780</td> <td> $0.59 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1790</td> <td> $0.89 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1800</td> <td> $0.64 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1810</td> <td> $0.66 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1820</td> <td> $0.69 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1830</td> <td> $0.88 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1840</td> <td> $0.94 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1850</td> <td> $1.03 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1860</td> <td> $0.97 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th> Year  </th> <th style="width: 40pt; font-size: 95%;"> Equivalent buying power </th></tr> <tr> <td>1870</td> <td> $0.62 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1880</td> <td> $0.79 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1890</td> <td> $0.89 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1900</td> <td> $0.96 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1910</td> <td> $0.85 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1920</td> <td> $0.39 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1930</td> <td> $0.47 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1940</td> <td> $0.56 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1950</td> <td> $0.33 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960</td> <td> $0.26 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th> Year  </th> <th style="width: 40pt; font-size: 95%;"> Equivalent buying power </th></tr> <tr> <td>1970</td> <td> $0.20 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980</td> <td> $0.10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990</td> <td> $0.06 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000</td> <td> $0.05 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007</td> <td> $0.04 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008</td> <td> $0.04 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009</td> <td> $0.04 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010</td> <td> $0.035 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011</td> <td> $0.034 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012</td> <td> $0.03 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inflation_value_of_dollar.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Inflation_value_of_dollar.webp/400px-Inflation_value_of_dollar.webp.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Inflation_value_of_dollar.webp/600px-Inflation_value_of_dollar.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Inflation_value_of_dollar.webp/800px-Inflation_value_of_dollar.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="5110" data-file-height="3890" /></a><figcaption>Inflation value of dollar</figcaption></figure> <p>The 6th paragraph of <a href="/wiki/Coinage_clause" class="mw-redirect" title="Coinage clause">Section 8</a> of Article 1 of the U.S. Constitution provides that the U.S. Congress shall have the power to "coin money" and to "regulate the value" of domestic and foreign coins. Congress exercised those powers when it enacted the <a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1792" title="Coinage Act of 1792">Coinage Act of 1792</a>. That Act provided for the minting of the <a href="/wiki/Flowing_Hair_Dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="Flowing Hair Dollar">first U.S. dollar</a> and it declared that the U.S. dollar shall have "the value of a <a href="/wiki/Spanish_milled_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish milled dollar">Spanish milled dollar</a> as the same is now current".<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The table above shows the equivalent amount of goods that, in a particular year, could be purchased with $1. The table shows that from 1774 through 2012 the U.S. dollar has lost about 97.0% of its buying power.<sup id="cite_ref-measuring-worth_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-measuring-worth-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The decline in the value of the U.S. dollar corresponds to <a href="/wiki/Price_inflation" class="mw-redirect" title="Price inflation">price inflation</a>, which is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Consumer_price_index" title="Consumer price index">consumer price index</a> (CPI) is a measure estimating the average price of consumer goods and services purchased by households. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Consumer_Price_Index" title="United States Consumer Price Index">United States Consumer Price Index</a>, published by the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Labor_Statistics" title="Bureau of Labor Statistics">Bureau of Labor Statistics</a>, is a measure estimating the average price of consumer goods and services in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It reflects inflation as experienced by consumers in their day-to-day living expenses.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A graph showing the U.S. CPI relative to 1982–1984 and the annual year-over-year change in CPI is shown at right. </p><p>The value of the U.S. dollar declined significantly during wartime, especially during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, World War I, and World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve</a>, which was established in 1913, was designed to furnish an "elastic" currency subject to "substantial changes of quantity over short periods", which differed significantly from previous forms of <a href="/wiki/High-powered_money" class="mw-redirect" title="High-powered money">high-powered money</a> such as gold, national banknotes, and silver coins.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the very long run, the prior gold standard kept prices stable—for instance, the price level and the value of the U.S. dollar in 1914 were not very different from the price level in the 1880s. The Federal Reserve initially succeeded in maintaining the value of the U.S. dollar and price stability, reversing the inflation caused by the First World War and stabilizing the value of the dollar during the 1920s, before presiding over a 30% deflation in U.S. prices in the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-central-banking-then-and-now_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-central-banking-then-and-now-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system" title="Bretton Woods system">Bretton Woods system</a> established after World War II, the value of gold was fixed to $35 per ounce, and the value of the U.S. dollar was thus anchored to the value of gold. Rising government spending in the 1960s, however, led to doubts about the ability of the United States to maintain this convertibility, gold stocks dwindled as banks and international investors began to convert dollars to gold, and as a result, the value of the dollar began to decline. Facing an emerging <a href="/wiki/Currency_crisis" title="Currency crisis">currency crisis</a> and the imminent danger that the United States would no longer be able to redeem dollars for gold, gold convertibility was finally terminated in 1971 by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">President Nixon</a>, resulting in the "<a href="/wiki/Nixon_shock" title="Nixon shock">Nixon shock</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-historical-perspective_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-historical-perspective-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The value of the U.S. dollar was therefore no longer anchored to gold, and it fell upon the Federal Reserve to maintain the value of the U.S. currency. The Federal Reserve, however, continued to increase the money supply, resulting in <a href="/wiki/Stagflation" title="Stagflation">stagflation</a> and a rapidly declining value of the U.S. dollar in the 1970s. This was largely due to the prevailing economic view at the time that inflation and real economic growth were linked (the <a href="/wiki/Phillips_curve" title="Phillips curve">Phillips curve</a>), and so inflation was regarded as relatively benign.<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-historical-perspective_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-historical-perspective-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1965 and 1981, the U.S. dollar lost two thirds of its value.<sup id="cite_ref-measuring-worth_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-measuring-worth-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1979, <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">President Carter</a> appointed <a href="/wiki/Paul_Volcker" title="Paul Volcker">Paul Volcker</a> <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Federal_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman of the Federal Reserve">Chairman of the Federal Reserve</a>. The Federal Reserve tightened the money supply and inflation was substantially lower in the 1980s, and hence the value of the U.S. dollar stabilized.<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-historical-perspective_95-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-historical-perspective-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over the thirty-year period from 1981 to 2009, the U.S. dollar lost over half its value.<sup id="cite_ref-measuring-worth_88-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-measuring-worth-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is because the Federal Reserve has targeted not zero inflation, but a low, stable rate of inflation—between 1987 and 1997, the rate of inflation was approximately 3.5%, and between 1997 and 2007 it was approximately 2%. The so-called "<a href="/wiki/Great_Moderation" title="Great Moderation">Great Moderation</a>" of economic conditions since the 1970s is credited to monetary policy targeting price stability.<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-historical-perspective2_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-historical-perspective2-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is an ongoing debate about whether central banks should target zero inflation (which would mean a constant value for the U.S. dollar over time) or low, stable inflation (which would mean a continuously but slowly declining value of the dollar over time, as is the case now). Although some economists are in favor of a zero inflation policy and therefore a constant value for the U.S. dollar,<sup id="cite_ref-central-banking-then-and-now_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-central-banking-then-and-now-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> others contend that such a policy limits the ability of the central bank to control <a href="/wiki/Interest_rates" class="mw-redirect" title="Interest rates">interest rates</a> and stimulate the economy when needed.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pegged_currencies">Pegged currencies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Pegged currencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruban_florin" title="Aruban florin">Aruban florin</a> (lower value)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamian_dollar" title="Bahamian dollar">Bahamian dollar</a> (at par)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_dinar" title="Bahraini dinar">Bahraini dinar</a> (higher value)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_dollar" title="Barbadian dollar">Barbadian dollar</a> (lower value)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_ruble" title="Belarusian ruble">Belarusian ruble</a> (alongside Euro and Russian ruble in currency basket)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize_dollar" title="Belize dollar">Belize dollar</a> (lower value)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermudian_dollar" title="Bermudian dollar">Bermudian dollar</a> (at par)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_boliviano" title="Bolivian boliviano">Bolivian boliviano</a> (lower value)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_riel" title="Cambodian riel">Cambodian riel</a> (lower value)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands_dollar" title="Cayman Islands dollar">Cayman Islands dollar</a> (higher value)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rican_col%C3%B3n" title="Costa Rican colón">Costa Rican colón</a> (lower value)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_peso" title="Cuban peso">Cuban peso</a> (lower value)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Caribbean_dollar" title="Eastern Caribbean dollar">Eastern Caribbean dollar</a> (lower value)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor_centavo_coins" title="East Timor centavo coins">East Timor centavo coins</a> (at par)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_centavo_coins" title="Ecuadorian centavo coins">Ecuadorian centavo coins</a> (at par)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_nakfa" title="Eritrean nakfa">Eritrean nakfa</a> (lower value)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_quetzal" title="Guatemalan quetzal">Guatemalan quetzal</a> (lower value)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_gourde" title="Haitian gourde">Haitian gourde</a> (lower value)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_lempira" title="Honduran lempira">Honduran lempira</a> (lower value)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_dollar" title="Hong Kong dollar">Hong Kong dollar</a> (narrow band)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_dinar" title="Iraqi dinar">Iraqi dinar</a> (lower value)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_dinar" title="Jordanian dinar">Jordanian dinar</a> (higher value)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_dinar" title="Kuwaiti dinar">Kuwaiti dinar</a> (higher value)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_pound" title="Lebanese pound">Lebanese pound</a> (lower value)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antillean_guilder" title="Netherlands Antillean guilder">Netherlands Antillean guilder</a> (lower value, to be replaced by <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_guilder" title="Caribbean guilder">Caribbean guilder</a> in 2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_c%C3%B3rdoba" title="Nicaraguan córdoba">Nicaraguan córdoba</a> (lower value)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_naira" title="Nigerian naira">Nigerian naira</a> (lower value)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_rial" title="Omani rial">Omani rial</a> (higher value)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_balboa" title="Panamanian balboa">Panamanian balboa</a> (at par)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_riyal" title="Qatari riyal">Qatari riyal</a> (lower value)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_riyal" title="Saudi riyal">Saudi riyal</a> (lower value)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_leone" title="Sierra Leonean leone">Sierra Leonean leone</a> (lower value)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_dollar" title="Trinidad and Tobago dollar">Trinidad and Tobago dollar</a> (lower value)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_dirham" title="United Arab Emirates dirham">United Arab Emirates dirham</a> (lower value)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_rial" title="Yemeni rial">Yemeni rial</a> (lower value)</li></ul> <p><b>Currencies formerly with pegs</b> (incomplete list) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_austral" title="Argentine austral">Argentine austral</a> (1985–1991: fluctuating peg to USD)<sup id="cite_ref-Rafael_M._Di_Tella_and_Ingrid_Vogel_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rafael_M._Di_Tella_and_Ingrid_Vogel-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_peso" title="Argentine peso">Argentine peso</a> (1991–2002: 1/USD)<sup id="cite_ref-Rafael_M._Di_Tella_and_Ingrid_Vogel_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rafael_M._Di_Tella_and_Ingrid_Vogel-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_yuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese yuan">Chinese yuan</a> (until 2005: 1/USD)<sup id="cite_ref-UNCG_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNCG-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_rupiah" title="Indonesian rupiah">Indonesian rupiah</a> (until 1997: 1/USD)<sup id="cite_ref-Exchange_Rate_Systems_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Exchange_Rate_Systems-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_ringgit" title="Malaysian ringgit">Malaysian ringgit</a> (1998–2005: 3.80/USD)<sup id="cite_ref-Exchange_Rate_Systems_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Exchange_Rate_Systems-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_peso" title="Mexican peso">Mexican peso</a> (1933–1948: 8.65/USD, 1954–1976: 12.5/USD)<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_won" title="South Korean won">South Korean won</a> (until 1997: 1/USD)<sup id="cite_ref-Exchange_Rate_Systems_100-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Exchange_Rate_Systems-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_baht" title="Thai baht">Thai baht</a> (until 1997: 1/USD)<sup id="cite_ref-UNCG_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNCG-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>Obsolete currencies with USD peg</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_col%C3%B3n" title="Salvadoran colón">Salvadoran colón</a> (lower value)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_bond_coins" title="Zimbabwean bond coins">Zimbabwean bond coins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_bond_notes" title="Zimbabwean bond notes">bond notes</a> (at par)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exchange_rates">Exchange rates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Exchange rates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/U.S._Dollar_Index" title="U.S. Dollar Index">U.S. Dollar Index</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_exchange_rates">Historical exchange rates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Historical exchange rates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="overflow: auto;"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Currency units per one U.S. dollar, averaged over the year<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Currency units</th> <th>1970<sup id="cite_ref-:0_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>1980<sup id="cite_ref-:0_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>1985<sup id="cite_ref-:0_107-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>1990<sup id="cite_ref-:0_107-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>1993</th> <th>1999</th> <th>2000</th> <th>2001</th> <th>2002</th> <th>2003</th> <th>2004</th> <th>2005</th> <th>2006</th> <th>2007</th> <th>2008</th> <th>2009</th> <th>2010</th> <th>2011</th> <th>2012</th> <th>2013</th> <th>2014</th> <th>2015</th> <th>2018<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></td> <td> —</td> <td> —</td> <td> —</td> <td> —</td> <td> —</td> <td>0.9387</td> <td>1.0832</td> <td>1.1171</td> <td>1.0578</td> <td>0.8833</td> <td>0.8040</td> <td>0.8033</td> <td>0.7960</td> <td>0.7293</td> <td>0.6791</td> <td>0.7176</td> <td>0.6739</td> <td>0.7178</td> <td>0.7777</td> <td>0.7530</td> <td>0.7520</td> <td>0.9015</td> <td>0.8504 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">Japanese yen</a></td> <td>357.6</td> <td>240.45</td> <td>250.35</td> <td>146.25</td> <td>111.08</td> <td>113.73</td> <td>107.80</td> <td>121.57</td> <td>125.22</td> <td>115.94</td> <td>108.15</td> <td>110.11</td> <td>116.31</td> <td>117.76</td> <td>103.39</td> <td>93.68</td> <td>87.78</td> <td>79.70</td> <td>79.82</td> <td>97.60</td> <td>105.74</td> <td>121.05</td> <td>111.130 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Pound sterling</a></td> <td>8<a href="/wiki/Shilling_(British_coin)" title="Shilling (British coin)">s</a> 4<a href="/wiki/Penny_(British_pre-decimal_coin)" title="Penny (British pre-decimal coin)">d</a><br />=0.4167</td> <td>0.4484<sup id="cite_ref-austats_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-austats-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>0.8613<sup id="cite_ref-austats_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-austats-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>0.6207</td> <td>0.6660</td> <td>0.6184</td> <td>0.6598</td> <td>0.6946</td> <td>0.6656</td> <td>0.6117</td> <td>0.5456</td> <td>0.5493</td> <td>0.5425</td> <td>0.4995</td> <td>0.5392</td> <td>0.6385</td> <td>0.4548</td> <td>0.6233</td> <td>0.6308</td> <td>0.6393</td> <td>0.6066</td> <td>0.6544</td> <td>0.7454 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">Swiss franc</a></td> <td>4.12</td> <td>1.68</td> <td>2.46<sup id="cite_ref-SAmeasuringW_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAmeasuringW-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1.39</td> <td>1.48</td> <td>1.50</td> <td>1.69</td> <td>1.69</td> <td>1.62</td> <td>1.40</td> <td>1.24</td> <td>1.15</td> <td>1.29</td> <td>1.23</td> <td>1.12</td> <td>1.08</td> <td>1.03</td> <td>0.93</td> <td>0.93</td> <td>0.90</td> <td>0.92</td> <td>1.00</td> <td>0.98 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">Canadian dollar</a><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1.081</td> <td>1.168</td> <td>1.321</td> <td>1.1605</td> <td>1.2902</td> <td>1.4858</td> <td>1.4855</td> <td>1.5487</td> <td>1.5704</td> <td>1.4008</td> <td>1.3017</td> <td>1.2115</td> <td>1.1340</td> <td>1.0734</td> <td>1.0660</td> <td>1.1412</td> <td>1.0298</td> <td>0.9887</td> <td>0.9995</td> <td>1.0300</td> <td>1.1043</td> <td>1.2789</td> <td>1.2842 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexican_peso" title="Mexican peso">Mexican peso</a><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>0.01250–0.02650<sup id="cite_ref-:1_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2.80<sup id="cite_ref-:1_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2.67<sup id="cite_ref-:1_113-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2.50<sup id="cite_ref-:1_113-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>3.1237</td> <td>9.553</td> <td>9.459</td> <td>9.337</td> <td>9.663</td> <td>10.793</td> <td>11.290</td> <td>10.894</td> <td>10.906</td> <td>10.928</td> <td>11.143</td> <td>13.498</td> <td>12.623</td> <td>12.427</td> <td>13.154</td> <td>12.758</td> <td>13.302</td> <td>15.837</td> <td>19.911 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Chinese Renminbi</a><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2.46</td> <td>1.7050</td> <td>2.9366</td> <td>4.7832</td> <td>5.7620</td> <td>8.2783</td> <td>8.2784</td> <td>8.2770</td> <td>8.2771</td> <td>8.2772</td> <td>8.2768</td> <td>8.1936</td> <td>7.9723</td> <td>7.6058</td> <td>6.9477</td> <td>6.8307</td> <td>6.7696</td> <td>6.4630</td> <td>6.3093</td> <td>6.1478</td> <td>6.1620</td> <td>6.2840</td> <td>6.383 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rupee" title="Pakistani rupee">Pakistani rupee</a></td> <td>4.761</td> <td>9.9</td> <td>15.9284</td> <td>21.707</td> <td>28.107</td> <td>51.9</td> <td>51.9</td> <td>63.5</td> <td>60.5</td> <td>57.75</td> <td>57.8</td> <td>59.7</td> <td>60.4</td> <td>60.83</td> <td>67</td> <td>80.45</td> <td>85.75</td> <td>88.6</td> <td>90.7</td> <td>105.477</td> <td>100.661</td> <td>104.763</td> <td>139.850 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Singapore_dollar" title="Singapore dollar">Singapore dollar</a></td> <td> —</td> <td> —</td> <td>2.179</td> <td>1.903</td> <td>1.6158</td> <td>1.6951</td> <td>1.7361</td> <td>1.7930</td> <td>1.7908</td> <td>1.7429</td> <td>1.6902</td> <td>1.6639</td> <td>1.5882</td> <td>1.5065</td> <td>1.4140</td> <td>1.4543</td> <td>1.24586</td> <td>1.2565</td> <td>1.2492</td> <td>1.2511</td> <td>1.2665</td> <td>1.3748</td> <td>1.343 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_won" title="South Korean won">South Korean won</a> </td> <td>310.556 </td> <td>607.717 </td> <td>870.020 </td> <td>707.766 </td> <td>802.538 </td> <td>1189.439 </td> <td>1130.362 </td> <td>1290.790 </td> <td>1251.602 </td> <td>1191.646 </td> <td>1146.249 </td> <td>1024.328 </td> <td>955.341 </td> <td>929.376 </td> <td>1100.126 </td> <td>1277.246 </td> <td>1156.460 </td> <td>1108.233 </td> <td>1126.807 </td> <td>1094.983 </td> <td>1052.840 </td> <td>1130.953 </td> <td>1100.163 </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:912px;max-width:912px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EUR-USD_v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EUR-USD_v2.svg/300px-EUR-USD_v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EUR-USD_v2.svg/450px-EUR-USD_v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/EUR-USD_v2.svg/600px-EUR-USD_v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GBP-USD_v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/GBP-USD_v2.svg/300px-GBP-USD_v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/GBP-USD_v2.svg/450px-GBP-USD_v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/GBP-USD_v2.svg/600px-GBP-USD_v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JPY-USD_v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/JPY-USD_v2.svg/300px-JPY-USD_v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/JPY-USD_v2.svg/450px-JPY-USD_v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/JPY-USD_v2.svg/600px-JPY-USD_v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">US dollar exchange rates graphs against <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> (from 1999), <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Pound sterling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">Japanese yen</a> (both from 1990)<br />(on the first two - the amount of dollars per one euro and pound, on the third - the amount of yens per one dollar)</div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_exchange_rates">Current exchange rates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Current exchange rates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="toccolours" style="margin: 0.5em auto; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr><th style="background: #A7C3FF;" colspan="2"> Current USD exchange rates</th> </tr><tr> <td>From <a href="/wiki/Google_Finance" title="Google Finance">Google Finance</a>: </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/AUD-USD">AUD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/CAD-USD">CAD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/CHF-USD">CHF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/CNY-USD">CNY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/EUR-USD">EUR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/GBP-USD">GBP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/HKD-USD">HKD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/JPY-USD">JPY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/CAD-USD">CAD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/TWD-USD">TWD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/KRW-USD">KRW</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>From <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Finance" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! Finance">Yahoo! Finance</a>: </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/AUDUSD=X">AUD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/CADUSD=X">CAD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/CHFUSD=X">CHF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/CNYUSD=X">CNY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/EURUSD=X">EUR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/GBPUSD=X">GBP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/HKDUSD=X">HKD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/JPYUSD=X">JPY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/CADUSD=X">CAD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/TWDUSD=X">TWD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/KRWUSD=X">KRW</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>From <a href="/wiki/XE.com" title="XE.com">XE.com</a>: </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=AUD&To=USD">AUD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=CAD&To=USD">CAD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=CHF&To=USD">CHF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=CNY&To=USD">CNY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=EUR&To=USD">EUR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=GBP&To=USD">GBP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=HKD&To=USD">HKD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=JPY&To=USD">JPY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=CAD&To=USD">CAD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=TWD&To=USD">TWD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=KRW&To=USD">KRW</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>From OANDA: </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=AUD&to=USD">AUD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=CAD&to=USD">CAD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=CHF&to=USD">CHF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=CNY&to=USD">CNY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=EUR&to=USD">EUR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=GBP&to=USD">GBP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=HKD&to=USD">HKD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=JPY&to=USD">JPY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=CAD&to=USD">CAD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=TWD&to=USD">TWD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=KRW&to=USD">KRW</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counterfeit_United_States_currency" title="Counterfeit United States currency">Counterfeit United States currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedollarisation" title="Dedollarisation">Dedollarisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currency_substitution" title="Currency substitution">Currency substitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_use_of_the_U.S._dollar" title="International use of the U.S. dollar">International use of the U.S. dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_trading_partners_of_the_United_States" title="List of the largest trading partners of the United States">List of the largest trading partners of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetary_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Monetary policy of the United States">Monetary policy of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrodollar_recycling" title="Petrodollar recycling">Petrodollar recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strong_dollar_policy" title="Strong dollar policy">Strong dollar policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Dollar_Index" title="U.S. Dollar Index">U.S. Dollar Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_currency" title="Virtual currency">Virtual currency</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Silver bullion can be converted in unlimited quantities of Trade dollars of 420 grains, but these were meant for export and had legal tender limits in the US. See <a href="/wiki/Trade_dollar_(United_States_coin)" title="Trade dollar (United States coin)">Trade dollar (United States coin)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Obverse</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Reverse</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Note#Lawsuit_over_U.S._banknote_design" title="Federal Reserve Note">Federal Reserve Note § Lawsuit over U.S. banknote design</a> for details and references.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-roman" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_107-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_107-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_107-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_107-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mexican peso values prior to 1993 revaluation</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-austats-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-austats_109-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-austats_109-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rba.gov.au/statistics/historical-data.html">1970–1992</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181023015005/https://www.rba.gov.au/statistics/historical-data.html">Archived</a> October 23, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <b>1980</b> derived from AUD–USD=1.1055 and AUD–GBP=0.4957 at end of Dec 1979: 0.4957/1.1055=0.448394392; <b>1985</b> derived from AUD–USD=0.8278 and AUD–GBP=0.7130 at end of Dec 1984: 0.7130/0.8278=0.861319159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_113-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_113-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_113-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_113-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Value at the start of the year</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040407164627/http://nesara.org/files/coinage_act_1792.pdf">"Coinage Act of 1792"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a>. 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March 10, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mises.org&rft.atitle=A+Constitutional+Dollar&rft.date=2010-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Fmises-daily%2Fconstitutional-dollar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/gold_convertibility_ends">"Nixon Ends Convertibility of US Dollars to Gold and Announces Wage/Price Controls"</a>. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201120035204/https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/gold_convertibility_ends">Archived</a> from the original on November 20, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nixon+Ends+Convertibility+of+US+Dollars+to+Gold+and+Announces+Wage%2FPrice+Controls&rft.pub=Federal+Reserve+Bank+of+Richmond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.federalreservehistory.org%2Fessays%2Fgold_convertibility_ends&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed/files/pf_4.pdf">"The Implementation of Monetary Policy – The Federal Reserve in the International Sphere"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170427062108/https://www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed/files/pf_4.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on April 27, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Implementation+of+Monetary+Policy+%E2%80%93+The+Federal+Reserve+in+the+International+Sphere&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.federalreserve.gov%2Faboutthefed%2Ffiles%2Fpf_4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cohen, Benjamin J. 2006. <i>The Future of Money</i>, <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-11666-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-11666-0">0-691-11666-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Agar, Charles. 2006. <i>Vietnam</i>, (<i><a href="/wiki/Frommer%27s" title="Frommer's">Frommer's</a></i>). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-79816-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-79816-9">0-471-79816-9</a>. p. 17: "the dollar is the de facto currency in Cambodia."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/faqs/currency_12773.htm">"How much U.S. currency is in circulation?"</a>. Federal Reserve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113151222/https://www.federalreserve.gov/faqs/currency_12773.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 13, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+much+U.S.+currency+is+in+circulation%3F&rft.pub=Federal+Reserve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.federalreserve.gov%2Ffaqs%2Fcurrency_12773.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231004014016/https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h41/20230921/">"Federal Reserve Balance Sheet: Factors Affecting Reserve Balances - H.4.1"</a>. September 21, 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h41/20230921/">the original</a> on October 4, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Federal+Reserve+Balance+Sheet%3A+Factors+Affecting+Reserve+Balances+-+H.4.1&rft.date=2023-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.federalreserve.gov%2Freleases%2Fh41%2F20230921%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. Constitution, Article 1, Section 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/articlei#section8">para. 5</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211118233715/https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/articlei#section8">Archived</a> November 18, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Denominations, specifications, and design of coins</i>. <a href="/wiki/Title_31_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 31 of the United States Code">31 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/31/5112">§ 5112</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. Constitution, Article 1, Section 9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/articlei#section9">para. 7</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211118233715/https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/articlei#section9">Archived</a> November 18, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Reports</i>. <a href="/wiki/Title_31_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 31 of the United States Code">31 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/31/331">§ 331</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181113005737/https://www.gao.gov/financial_pdfs/fy2009/09frusg.pdf">"Financial Report of the United States Government"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Financial+Report+of+the+United+States+Government&rft.pub=Department+of+the+Treasury&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gao.gov%2Ffinancial_pdfs%2Ffy2009%2F09frusg.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">U.S. Congress</a>. 1792. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040407164627/http://nesara.org/files/coinage_act_1792.pdf">Coinage Act of 1792</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/2nd_United_States_Congress" title="2nd United States Congress">2nd Congress</a>, 1st Session. Sec. 9, ch. 16. Retrieved June 6, 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-contcongress1-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-contcongress1_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-contcongress1_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzpatrick1934" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Fitzpatrick, John C., ed. (1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(jc0317))">"Tuesday, August 8, 1786"</a>. <i>Journals of the Continental Congress 1774–1789</i>. XXXI: 1786: 503–505. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507050926/http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(jc0317))">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Ch. 16"</a>. <i>The Public Statutes at Large of the United States of America, Etc. Etc</i>. <b>1</b>: 246–251. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201113041153/http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=001%2Fllsl001.db&recNum=369">Archived</a> from the original on November 13, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Public+Statutes+at+Large+of+the+United+States+of+America%2C+Etc.+Etc.&rft.atitle=Second+Congress.+Sess.+I.+Ch.+16&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=246-251&rft.date=1845&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmemory.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fampage%3FcollId%3Dllsl%26fileName%3D001%2Fllsl001.db%26recNum%3D369&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangland2015" class="citation web cs1">Langland, Connie (May 27, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whyy.org/articles/what-is-a-millage-rate-and-how-does-it-affect-school-funding/">"What is a millage rate and how does it affect school funding?"</a>. <i>WHYY</i>. PBS and NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210307202059/https://whyy.org/articles/what-is-a-millage-rate-and-how-does-it-affect-school-funding/">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WHYY&rft.atitle=What+is+a+millage+rate+and+how+does+it+affect+school+funding%3F&rft.date=2015-05-27&rft.aulast=Langland&rft.aufirst=Connie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhyy.org%2Farticles%2Fwhat-is-a-millage-rate-and-how-does-it-affect-school-funding%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210503090930/https://pastandpresent.com/2018/09/26/mills-currency/">"Mills Currency"</a>. <i>Past & Present</i>. Stamp and Coin Place Blog. September 26, 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pastandpresent.com/2018/09/26/mills-currency/">the original</a> on May 3, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Past+%26+Present&rft.atitle=Mills+Currency&rft.date=2018-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpastandpresent.com%2F2018%2F09%2F26%2Fmills-currency%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2bits-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2bits_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2bits_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.almanac.com/fact/how-much-is-two-bits-and-where">"How much is "two bits" and where did the phrase"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814042353/https://www.almanac.com/fact/how-much-is-two-bits-and-where">Archived</a> from the original on August 14, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+much+is+%22two+bits%22+and+where+did+the+phrase&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almanac.com%2Ffact%2Fhow-much-is-two-bits-and-where&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/decimal-trading.asp">"Decimal Trading Definition and History"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211118011525/https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/decimal-trading.asp">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Decimal+Trading+Definition+and+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.investopedia.com%2Fterms%2Fd%2Fdecimal-trading.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mehl, B. Max. "United States $50.00 Gold Pieces, 1877", in <i>Star Rare Coins Encyclopedia and Premium Catalogue</i> (20th edition, 1921)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NatGeo-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NatGeo_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NatGeo_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Ask US." <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a></i>. June 2002. p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There is no solid reference on the desirability of liondollars in North America and on 1:1 parity with heavier dollars. A dollar worth $0.80 Spanish is not cheap if priced at $0.50 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://coins.lakdiva.org/netherlands/1644_wes_lion_daalder_ag.html">http://coins.lakdiva.org/netherlands/1644_wes_lion_daalder_ag.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130205163340/http://coins.lakdiva.org/netherlands/1644_wes_lion_daalder_ag.html">Archived</a> February 5, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/Lion-Dollar.intro.html">https://coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/Lion-Dollar.intro.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180710214930/https://coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/Lion-Dollar.intro.html">Archived</a> July 10, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=buck">"Buck"</a>. <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Buck&rft.btitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dbuck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181018043137/https://www.littletoncoin.com/shop/Glossaries-Paper-Money">"Paper Money Glossary"</a>. Littleton Coin Company. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.littletoncoin.com/shop/Glossaries-Paper-Money">the original</a> on October 18, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paper+Money+Glossary&rft.pub=Littleton+Coin+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.littletoncoin.com%2Fshop%2FGlossaries-Paper-Money&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BI-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BI_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScutt2019" class="citation web cs1">Scutt, David (June 3, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190807004722/https://www.businessinsider.com.au/fx-currency-aud-australia-dollar-fed-trade-war-china-2019-6">"The Australian dollar is grinding higher as expectations for rate cuts from the US Federal Reserve build"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com.au/fx-currency-aud-australia-dollar-fed-trade-war-china-2019-6">the original</a> on August 7, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=The+Australian+dollar+is+grinding+higher+as+expectations+for+rate+cuts+from+the+US+Federal+Reserve+build&rft.date=2019-06-03&rft.aulast=Scutt&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com.au%2Ffx-currency-aud-australia-dollar-fed-trade-war-china-2019-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MW-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MW_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTappe2018" class="citation web cs1">Tappe, Anneken (August 9, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marketwatch.com/story/dollar-higher-ahead-of-data-new-zealand-currency-at-lowest-since-2016-2018-08-09">"New Zealand dollar leads G-10 losers as greenback gains strength"</a>. <i>MarketWatch</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190807004722/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/dollar-higher-ahead-of-data-new-zealand-currency-at-lowest-since-2016-2018-08-09">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MarketWatch&rft.atitle=New+Zealand+dollar+leads+G-10+losers+as+greenback+gains+strength&rft.date=2018-08-09&rft.aulast=Tappe&rft.aufirst=Anneken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marketwatch.com%2Fstory%2Fdollar-higher-ahead-of-data-new-zealand-currency-at-lowest-since-2016-2018-08-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reuters_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUKL5N22F4S0/">"South Africa's rand firms against greenback, stocks rise"</a>. <i>Reuters</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=South+Africa%27s+rand+firms+against+greenback%2C+stocks+rise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FidUKL5N22F4S0%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BT-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BT_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/story/why-rupee-is-once-again-under-pressure-191471-2019-04-22">"Why rupee is once again under pressure"</a>. <i>Business Today</i>. April 22, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 7,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Today&rft.atitle=Why+rupee+is+once+again+under+pressure&rft.date=2019-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesstoday.in%2Flatest%2Fstory%2Fwhy-rupee-is-once-again-under-pressure-191471-2019-04-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Florian_Cajori" title="Florian Cajori">Cajori, Florian</a> ([1929]1993). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7juWmvQSTvwC&pg=RA1-PA22#PRA1-PA22,M1">A History of Mathematical Notations</a></i> (Vol. 2). New York: Dover, 15–29. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-67766-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-67766-4">0-486-67766-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAitonWheeler1931" class="citation journal cs1">Aiton, Arthur S.; Wheeler, Benjamin W. (1931). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F00182168-11.2.198">"The First American Mint"</a>. <i>The Hispanic American Historical Review</i>. <b>11</b> (2). p. 198 and note 2 on p. 198. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F00182168-11.2.198">10.1215/00182168-11.2.198</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0018-2168">0018-2168</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2506275">2506275</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hispanic+American+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+First+American+Mint&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=p.+198+and+note+2+on+p.+198&rft.date=1931&rft.issn=0018-2168&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2506275%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F00182168-11.2.198&rft.aulast=Aiton&rft.aufirst=Arthur+S.&rft.au=Wheeler%2C+Benjamin+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1215%252F00182168-11.2.198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNussbaum1957" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Nussbaum" title="Arthur Nussbaum">Nussbaum, Arthur</a> (1957). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofdollar0000nuss"><i>A History of the Dollar</i></a></span>. New York: Columbia University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofdollar0000nuss/page/56">56</a>. <q>The dollar sign, $, is connected with the peso, contrary to popular belief, which considers it to be an abbreviation of 'U.S.' The two parallel lines represented one of the many abbreviations of 'P,' and the 'S' indicated the plural. The abbreviation '$.' was also used for the peso, and is still used in Argentina.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Dollar&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Nussbaum&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofdollar0000nuss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181018003102/https://www.bep.gov/resources/faqs.html">"U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing – FAQs"</a>. <i>www.bep.gov</i>. 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[1957] 1992. <i><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Shrugged" title="Atlas Shrugged">Atlas Shrugged</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Signet_Press" title="Signet Press">Signet</a>. p. 628.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames1970" class="citation book cs1">James, James Alton (1970) [1937]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kht_DEllNccC"><i>Oliver Pollock: The Life and Times of an Unknown Patriot</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Section+5103+of+Title+31+of+the+United+States+Code&rft.pub=Law.cornell.edu&rft.date=2010-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fuscode%2Ftext%2F31%2F5103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/31/5115">"Section 5115 of Title 31 of the United States Code"</a>. Law.cornell.edu. August 6, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190627142206/https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/31/5115">Archived</a> from the original on June 27, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Section+5115+of+Title+31+of+the+United+States+Code&rft.pub=Law.cornell.edu&rft.date=2010-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fuscode%2Ftext%2F31%2F5115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qqQuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA105">"Treasury Department Appropriation Bill for 1929: Hearing Before the Subcommittee of House Committee on Appropriations... Seventieth Congress, First Session"</a>. 1928.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Treasury+Department+Appropriation+Bill+for+1929%3A+Hearing+Before+the+Subcommittee+of+House+Committee+on+Appropriations...+Seventieth+Congress%2C+First+Session&rft.date=1928&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqqQuAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwarzLindquist2009" class="citation book cs1">Schwarz, John; Lindquist, Scott (September 21, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DhRjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT16"><i>Standard Guide to Small-Size U.S. Paper Money – 1928-Date</i></a>. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781440225789" title="Special:BookSources/9781440225789"><bdi>9781440225789</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standard+Guide+to+Small-Size+U.S.+Paper+Money+%E2%80%93+1928-Date&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2009-09-21&rft.isbn=9781440225789&rft.aulast=Schwarz&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Lindquist%2C+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDhRjDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Orzano-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Orzano_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrzano2015" class="citation web cs1">Orzano, Michele (February 25, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coinworld.com/news/precious-metals/what-is-a-horse-blanket-note.html">"What is a horse blanket note?"</a>. <i>Coin World</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211129024946/https://www.coinworld.com/news/precious-metals/what-is-a-horse-blanket-note.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Coin+World&rft.atitle=What+is+a+horse+blanket+note%3F&rft.date=2015-02-25&rft.aulast=Orzano&rft.aufirst=Michele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coinworld.com%2Fnews%2Fprecious-metals%2Fwhat-is-a-horse-blanket-note.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bancocentral.tl/en/go/banknotes-in-circulation">"Central Bank of Timor-Leste"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501173907/https://www.bancocentral.tl/en/go/banknotes-in-circulation">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2017</span>. <q>The official currency of Timor-Leste is the United States dollar, which is legal tender for all payments made in cash.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Central+Bank+of+Timor-Leste&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bancocentral.tl%2Fen%2Fgo%2Fbanknotes-in-circulation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ecuador/">"Ecuador"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a></i>. October 18, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210110072816/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ecuador">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2018</span>. <q>The dollar is legal tender</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Ecuador&rft.date=2010-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fecuador%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/el-salvador/">"El Salvador"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a></i>. October 21, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507021641/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/el-salvador/">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2018</span>. <q>The US dollar became El Salvador's currency in 2001</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=El+Salvador&rft.date=2010-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fel-salvador%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cbl.org.lr/general/currency">"Currency"</a>. <i>Central Bank of Liberia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115023814/https://cbl.org.lr/general/currency">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Central+Bank+of+Liberia&rft.atitle=Currency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcbl.org.lr%2Fgeneral%2Fcurrency&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anthropology.princeton.edu/events/how-us-dollar-became-popular-currency-argentina">"How the US Dollar Became a Popular Currency in Argentina"</a>. <i>Anthropology@Princeton</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Anthropology%40Princeton&rft.atitle=How+the+US+Dollar+Became+a+Popular+Currency+in+Argentina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanthropology.princeton.edu%2Fevents%2Fhow-us-dollar-became-popular-currency-argentina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNay_ImDabadie2007" class="citation web cs1">Nay Im, Tal; Dabadie, Michel (March 31, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbc.org.kh/download_files/publication/others_eng/NoteMD117-14_article_dollarization.pdf">"Dollarization in Cambodia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>National Bank of Cambodia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220511203155/https://www.nbc.org.kh/download_files/publication/others_eng/NoteMD117-14_article_dollarization.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 11, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Bank+of+Cambodia&rft.atitle=Dollarization+in+Cambodia&rft.date=2007-03-31&rft.aulast=Nay+Im&rft.aufirst=Tal&rft.au=Dabadie%2C+Michel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbc.org.kh%2Fdownload_files%2Fpublication%2Fothers_eng%2FNoteMD117-14_article_dollarization.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNagumo2021" class="citation news cs1">Nagumo, Jada (August 4, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Markets/Currencies/Cambodia-aims-to-wean-off-US-dollar-dependence-with-digital-currency#:~:text=Cambodia%20runs%20a%20dual%2Dcurrency,of%20civil%20war%20and%20unrest.">"Cambodia aims to wean off US dollar dependence with digital currency"</a>. Nikkei Asia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220415063706/https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Markets/Currencies/Cambodia-aims-to-wean-off-US-dollar-dependence-with-digital-currency#:~:text=Cambodia%20runs%20a%20dual%2Dcurrency,of%20civil%20war%20and%20unrest.">Archived</a> from the original on April 15, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2022</span>. <q>Cambodia runs a dual-currency system, with the U.S. dollar widely circulating in its economy. The country's dollarization began in the 1980s and 90s, following years of civil war and unrest.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cambodia+aims+to+wean+off+US+dollar+dependence+with+digital+currency&rft.date=2021-08-04&rft.aulast=Nagumo&rft.aufirst=Jada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasia.nikkei.com%2FBusiness%2FMarkets%2FCurrencies%2FCambodia-aims-to-wean-off-US-dollar-dependence-with-digital-currency%23%3A~%3Atext%3DCambodia%2520runs%2520a%2520dual%252Dcurrency%2Cof%2520civil%2520war%2520and%2520unrest.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZerpa2019" class="citation web cs1">Zerpa, Fabiola (November 5, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-05/venezuela-is-now-more-than-50-dollarized-study-finds">"Venezuela Is Now More Than 50% Dollarized, Study Finds"</a>. <i>Bloomberg</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Venezuela+Is+Now+More+Than+50%25+Dollarized%2C+Study+Finds&rft.date=2019-11-05&rft.aulast=Zerpa&rft.aufirst=Fabiola&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2019-11-05%2Fvenezuela-is-now-more-than-50-dollarized-study-finds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-economy/maduro-says-thank-god-for-dollarization-in-venezuela-idUSKBN1XR0RV">"Maduro says 'thank God' for dollarization in Venezuela"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. November 17, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Maduro+says+%27thank+God%27+for+dollarization+in+Venezuela&rft.date=2019-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-venezuela-economy%2Fmaduro-says-thank-god-for-dollarization-in-venezuela-idUSKBN1XR0RV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRivera2023" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rivera, Juan Carlos (November 23, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.laprensa.hn/honduras/honduras-roatan-prefiere-cobrar-dolares-lempiras-no-bitcoin-cirptomonedas-DC16361064">"Roatán prefiere cobrar en dólares o lempiras; no bitcóin"</a> [Roatán prefers to charge in dollars or lempiras; not bitcoin]. <i>laprensa.hn</i> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/La_Prensa_(Honduras)" title="La Prensa (Honduras)">La Prensa</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=laprensa.hn&rft.atitle=Roat%C3%A1n+prefiere+cobrar+en+d%C3%B3lares+o+lempiras%3B+no+bitc%C3%B3in&rft.date=2023-11-23&rft.aulast=Rivera&rft.aufirst=Juan+Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.laprensa.hn%2Fhonduras%2Fhonduras-roatan-prefiere-cobrar-dolares-lempiras-no-bitcoin-cirptomonedas-DC16361064&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/lebanon-economy-crisis-currency-pound-dollarization-44f8173d75d2e1a37526b3e1252c5a92">"Lebanon leans on US dollar to cope as currency, economy tank"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. 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February 15, 1984. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181017105432/https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/BASE/">Archived</a> from the original on October 17, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Review+of+Economic+History&rft.atitle=The+rise+and+fall+of+the+dollar+%28or+when+did+the+dollar+replace+sterling+as+the+leading+reserve+currency%3F%29&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=377-411&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154773110%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1474-0044&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1361491609990153&rft.aulast=Eichengreen&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft.au=Flandreau%2C+Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Feuropean-review-of-economic-history%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Frise-and-fall-of-the-dollar-or-when-did-the-dollar-replace-sterling-as-the-leading-reserve-currency%2F9C78B88EBC0099E26A105DEC90CBE103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebalance.com/bretton-woods-system-and-1944-agreement-3306133">"How a 1944 Agreement Created a New World Order"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210520170717/https://www.thebalance.com/bretton-woods-system-and-1944-agreement-3306133">Archived</a> from the original on May 20, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What%27s+Behind+the+Volatility+of+Mexico%27s+Peso%3F&rft.pub=Knowledge+at+Wharton&rft.date=2016-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fknowledge.wharton.upenn.edu%2Farticle%2Fwhats-behind-the-volatility-of-mexicos-peso%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. Federal Reserve: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/">Last 4 years</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181018003147/https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/current/">Archived</a> October 18, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/20130102/">2009–2012</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181018003115/https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/20130102/">Archived</a> October 18, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/20090102/">2005–2008</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181018043036/https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/20090102/">Archived</a> October 18, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/20050103/">2001–2004</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181018003136/https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/20050103/">Archived</a> October 18, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/20010109/">1997–2000</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181018003207/https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/20010109/">Archived</a> October 18, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/19970107/">1993–1996</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181018003152/https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/19970107/">Archived</a> October 18, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; Reserve Bank of Australia: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rba.gov.au/statistics/historical-data.html#exchange-rates">1970–present</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181023015005/https://www.rba.gov.au/statistics/historical-data.html#exchange-rates">Archived</a> October 23, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.x-rates.com/historical/">"2004–present"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140723044715/http://www.x-rates.com/historical/">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2004%E2%80%93present&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.x-rates.com%2Fhistorical%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/">"FRB: Foreign Exchange Rates – G.5A; Release Dates"</a>. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140803055253/http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g5a/">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FRB%3A+Foreign+Exchange+Rates+%E2%80%93+G.5A%3B+Release+Dates&rft.pub=Board+of+Governors+of+the+Federal+Reserve+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.federalreserve.gov%2Freleases%2Fg5a%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.oecd.org/conversion/exchange-rates.htm">"Exchange rates"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OECD&rft.atitle=Exchange+rates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.oecd.org%2Fconversion%2Fexchange-rates.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.transfermate.com/en/currency-converter-historic-exchange-rates.asp">"Historical Exchange Rates Currency Converter"</a>. <i>TransferMate.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160918044948/https://www.transfermate.com/en/currency-converter-historic-exchange-rates.asp">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TransferMate.com&rft.atitle=Historical+Exchange+Rates+Currency+Converter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.transfermate.com%2Fen%2Fcurrency-converter-historic-exchange-rates.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SAmeasuringW-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SAmeasuringW_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forecast-chart.com/usd-swiss-franc.html">Exchange Rates Between the United States Dollar and the Swiss Franc</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330093753/https://www.forecast-chart.com/usd-swiss-franc.html">Archived</a> March 30, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." Measuring Worth. Retrieved October 17, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150103130811/http://intl.econ.cuhk.edu.hk/exchange_rate_regime/index.php?cid=31">1977–1991</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141230104547/http://intl.econ.cuhk.edu.hk/exchange_rate_regime/index.php?cid=17">1976–1991</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081003050230/http://intl.econ.cuhk.edu.hk/exchange_rate_regime/index.php?cid=8">1974–1991, 1993–1995</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrasad2014" class="citation book cs1">Prasad, Eswar S. (2014). <i>The Dollar Trap: How the U.S. Dollar Tightened Its Grip on Global Finance</i>. Princeton, NJ: <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-16112-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-16112-9"><bdi>978-0-691-16112-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dollar+Trap%3A+How+the+U.S.+Dollar+Tightened+Its+Grip+on+Global+Finance&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-691-16112-9&rft.aulast=Prasad&rft.aufirst=Eswar+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnited+States+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right mw-collapsible sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow" style="clear: both"> <b>United States dollar</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex mw-collapsible-content"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/United_States_dollar" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/United States dollar">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar" class="extiw" title="c:United States dollar">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:United_States_dollar" class="extiw" title="n:Category:United States dollar">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/United_States_dollar" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/United States dollar">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/United_States_dollar" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/United States dollar">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/United_States_dollar" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/United States dollar">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/United_States_currency" class="extiw" title="v:United States currency">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bep.treas.gov/">U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19970530190833/http://www.bep.treas.gov/">Archived</a> May 30, 1997, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fiscal.treasury.gov/fsreports/rpt/treasBulletin/treasBulletin_home.htm">U.S. Currency and Coin Outstanding and in Circulation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.frbsf.org/education/teacher-resources/american-currency-exhibit/">American Currency Exhibit at the San Francisco Federal Reserve Bank</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230607130449/https://www.frbsf.org/education/teacher-resources/american-currency-exhibit/">Archived</a> June 7, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.measuringworth.com/uscompare/">Relative values of the U.S. dollar, from 1774 to present</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historicalstatistics.org/Currencyconverter.html">Historical Currency Converter</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uspapermoney.info/">Summary of BEP Production Statistics</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uscurrency.gov">The U.S. Currency Education Program</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Images_of_U.S._currency_and_coins">Images of U.S. currency and coins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_dollar&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Images of U.S. currency and coins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uscurrency.gov/denominations">U.S. Currency Education Program page with images of all current banknotes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usmint.gov/news/image-library">U.S. Mint: Image Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bis-ans-ende-der-welt.net/USA-B-En.htm">Historical and current banknotes of the United States</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English and German)</span></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coinage_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Coinage of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar#Current_coinage" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Circulating</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penny_(United_States_coin)" title="Penny (United States coin)">1¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickel_(United_States_coin)" title="Nickel (United States coin)">5¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dime_(United_States_coin)" title="Dime (United States coin)">10¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_(United_States_coin)" title="Quarter (United States coin)">25¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_dollar_(United_States_coin)" title="Half dollar (United States coin)">50¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollar_coin_(United_States)" title="Dollar coin (United States)">$1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Obsolete denominations of United States currency">Obsolete</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Half_cent_(United_States_coin)" title="Half cent (United States coin)"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_cent" title="Large cent">1¢ (large size)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-cent_piece_(United_States)" title="Two-cent piece (United States)">2¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_silver" title="Three-cent silver">3¢ (silver)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_nickel" title="Three-cent nickel">3¢ (nickel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_dime" title="Half dime">5¢ (silver)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-cent_piece_(United_States_coin)" title="Twenty-cent piece (United States coin)">20¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_dollar" title="Gold dollar">$1 (gold)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_eagle" title="Quarter eagle">$2.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-dollar_piece" title="Three-dollar piece">$3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_eagle" title="Half eagle">$5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_(United_States_coin)" title="Eagle (United States coin)">$10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_eagle" title="Double eagle">$20</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canceled_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Canceled denominations of United States currency">Canceled</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two-cent_billon" title="Two-cent billon">2¢ (billon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_and_a_half_cent_coin_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two and a half cent coin (United States)"><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_bronze" title="Three-cent bronze">3¢ (bronze)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_dollar_coin_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two dollar coin (United States)">$2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stella_(United_States_coin)" title="Stella (United States coin)">$4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_union" title="Half union">$50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_(United_States_coin)" title="Union (United States coin)">$100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_commemorative_coins" title="United States commemorative coins">Commemorative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1800s)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1800s)">1800s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1900s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1900s)">1900s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1910s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1910s)">1910s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1920s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1920s)">1920s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1930s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1930s)">1930s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1940s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1940s)">1940s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1950s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1950s)">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1970s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1970s)">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1980s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1980s)">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1990s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1990s)">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(2000s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (2000s)">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(2010s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (2010s)">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(2020s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (2020s)">2020s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar#Bullion_coins" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Bullion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Silver_Eagle" title="American Silver Eagle">Silver Eagle</a> (1986–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Gold_Eagle" title="American Gold Eagle">Gold Eagle</a> (1986–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Platinum_Eagle" title="American Platinum Eagle">Platinum Eagle</a> (1997–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Buffalo_(coin)" title="American Buffalo (coin)">Gold Buffalo</a> (2006–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_dollar_coins#First_Spouse_program" title="Presidential dollar coins">First Spouse (gold)</a> (2007–2016; 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Palladium_Eagle" title="American Palladium Eagle">Palladium Eagle</a> (2017–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_silver_bullion_coins" title="America the Beautiful silver bullion coins">America the Beautiful silver bullion coins</a> (2010–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Liberty_high_relief_gold_coin" title="American Liberty high relief gold coin">American Liberty high relief gold coin</a> (2015–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special sets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Proof_Set" title="United States Proof Set">Proof Set</a> (1936–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint_Set" title="United States Mint Set">Mint Set</a> (1947–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint_Set#Special_Mint_Sets_(1964–1967)" title="United States Mint Set">Special Mint Set</a> (1964–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint_Set#Souvenir_Sets" title="United States Mint Set">Souvenir Set</a> (1972–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Proof_Set#Silver_proof_sets_(1976;_1992–present)" title="United States Proof Set">Silver Proof Set</a> (1976, 1992–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Proof_Set#Prestige_proof_sets_(1983–1997)" title="United States Proof Set">Prestige Set</a> (1983–1997)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_currency_and_coinage" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_currency_and_coinage" title="Template:US currency and coinage"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_currency_and_coinage" title="Template talk:US currency and coinage"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_currency_and_coinage" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US currency and coinage"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_currency_and_coinage" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">United States currency and coinage</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">U.S. dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Note" title="Federal Reserve Note">Federal Reserve Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">U.S. Mint</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denver_Mint" title="Denver Mint">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Mint" title="Philadelphia Mint">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Mint" title="San Francisco Mint">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Point_Mint" title="West Point Mint">West Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carson_City_Mint" title="Carson City Mint">Carson City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Mint" title="Charlotte Mint">Charlotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahlonega_Mint" title="Dahlonega Mint">Dahlonega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Mint" title="New Orleans Mint">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_Mint" title="Manila Mint">Manila Mint</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dalles_Mint" title="The Dalles Mint">The Dalles Mint</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutilated_currency" title="Mutilated currency">Mutilated currency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Current coinage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penny_(United_States_coin)" title="Penny (United States coin)">Penny (1¢)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickel_(United_States_coin)" title="Nickel (United States coin)">Nickel (5¢)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dime_(United_States_coin)" title="Dime (United States coin)">Dime (10¢)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_(United_States_coin)" title="Quarter (United States coin)">Quarter (25¢)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_dollar_(United_States_coin)" title="Half dollar (United States coin)">Half dollar (50¢)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollar_coin_(United_States)" title="Dollar coin (United States)">Dollar ($1)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar#Bullion_coins" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Bullion coinage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_silver_bullion_coins" title="America the Beautiful silver bullion coins">America the Beautiful (silver)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Silver_Eagle" title="American Silver Eagle">American Silver Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Gold_Eagle" title="American Gold Eagle">American Gold Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Buffalo_(coin)" title="American Buffalo (coin)">American Buffalo (gold)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_dollar_coins#First_Spouse_program" title="Presidential dollar coins">First Spouse (gold)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Platinum_Eagle" title="American Platinum Eagle">American Platinum Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Palladium_Eagle" title="American Palladium Eagle">American Palladium Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Liberty_high_relief_gold_coin" title="American Liberty high relief gold coin">American Liberty (gold)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Note" title="Federal Reserve Note">Current paper money</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-dollar_bill" title="United States one-dollar bill">$1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_two-dollar_bill" title="United States two-dollar bill">$2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_five-dollar_bill" title="United States five-dollar bill">$5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_ten-dollar_bill" title="United States ten-dollar bill">$10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_twenty-dollar_bill" title="United States twenty-dollar bill">$20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_fifty-dollar_bill" title="United States fifty-dollar bill">$50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-hundred-dollar_bill" title="United States one-hundred-dollar bill">$100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued denominations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_five-hundred-dollar_bill" title="United States five-hundred-dollar bill">$500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-thousand-dollar_bill" title="United States one-thousand-dollar bill">$1,000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_five-thousand-dollar_bill" title="United States five-thousand-dollar bill">$5,000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_ten-thousand-dollar_bill" title="United States ten-thousand-dollar bill">$10,000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-hundred-thousand-dollar_bill" title="United States one-hundred-thousand-dollar bill">$100,000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_and_engraving_on_United_States_banknotes" title="Art and engraving on United States banknotes">Art and engraving on United States banknotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial_coinage" title="United States Bicentennial coinage">Bicentennial coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Eagle_Silver_Certificate" title="Black Eagle Silver Certificate">Black Eagle Silver Certificate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasher_Doubloon" title="Brasher Doubloon">Brasher Doubloon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_commemorative_coins" title="United States commemorative coins">Commemoratives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_dollar" title="Confederate States dollar">Confederate dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_currency_banknotes" title="Continental currency banknotes">Continental banknotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Currency_dollar_coin" title="Continental Currency dollar coin">Continental dollar coin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funnyback" title="Funnyback">Funnyback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Large denominations of United States currency">Large denominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Obsolete denominations of United States currency">Obsolete denominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canceled_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Canceled denominations of United States currency">Canceled denominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterfeit_United_States_currency" title="Counterfeit United States currency">Counterfeit United States currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_(currency)" title="Mill (currency)">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Numismatic_Collection" title="National Numismatic Collection">National Numismatic Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint_coin_production" title="United States Mint coin production">Coin production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_God_We_Trust" title="In God We Trust">In God We Trust</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/E_pluribus_unum" title="E pluribus unum">E pluribus unum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annuit_c%C5%93ptis" title="Annuit cœptis">Annuit cœptis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Novus_ordo_seclorum" title="Novus ordo seclorum">Novus ordo seclorum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Note#Nicknames" title="Federal Reserve Note">Nicknames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replacement_banknote" title="Replacement banknote">Replacement banknote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sales_tax_token" title="Sales tax token">Sales tax token</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Coinage_Advisory_Committee" title="Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee">Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promotional_fake_United_States_currency" title="Promotional fake United States currency">Promotional fake denominations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monetary_policy_and_central_banking_in_the_United_States_(pre–1913)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Money_and_central_banking_within_the_contemporary_United_States_(pre%E2%80%931913)" title="Template:Money and central banking within the contemporary United States (pre–1913)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Money_and_central_banking_within_the_contemporary_United_States_(pre%E2%80%931913)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Money and central banking within the contemporary United States (pre–1913) (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Money_and_central_banking_within_the_contemporary_United_States_(pre%E2%80%931913)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Money and central banking within the contemporary United States (pre–1913)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monetary_policy_and_central_banking_in_the_United_States_(pre–1913)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_monetary_policy_in_the_United_States" title="History of monetary policy in the United States">Monetary policy</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_central_banking_in_the_United_States" title="History of central banking in the United States">central banking in the United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Act" title="Federal Reserve Act">pre–1913</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monetary_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Monetary policy of the United States">Monetary policy of the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial Revolution">Commercial Revolution</a><br />(1607–1760)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bills_of_credit" title="Bills of credit">Bills of credit</a> (c. 1690–1750)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_Inspection_Act" title="Tobacco Inspection Act">Tobacco Inspection Act</a> (1730)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Tobacco_Inspection_Act_of_1747" title="Maryland Tobacco Inspection Act of 1747">Maryland Tobacco Inspection Act of 1747</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currency_Act" title="Currency Act">Currency Acts</a> (1751; 1764)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">1st Industrial Revolution</a><br />(1760–1840)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a> (1776–1780)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="Banknotes of the United States dollar">U.S. dollar banknotes</a> (1775–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_currency_banknotes" title="Continental currency banknotes">Continental currency banknotes</a> (1775–1779)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Pennsylvania" title="Bank of Pennsylvania">Bank of Pennsylvania</a> (1780–1781)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superintendent_of_Finance_of_the_United_States" title="Superintendent of Finance of the United States">U.S. Finance Superintendent</a> (1781–1785)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_North_America" title="Bank of North America">Bank of North America</a> (1781–1791)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Article I of the U.S. Constitution</a> <ul><li>1787–1788; <a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_8:_Powers_of_Congress" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Section VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_10:_Limits_on_the_States" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Section X</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">U.S. Treasury Department</a> <ul><li>1789–1913; <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">U.S. Treasury Secretary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Treasury_security" title="United States Treasury security">U.S. Treasury security</a> (1789–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Bank_of_the_United_States" title="First Bank of the United States">First Bank of the United States</a> (1791–1811)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1792" title="Coinage Act of 1792">Coinage Act of 1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a> (1792–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="Coins of the United States dollar">U.S. dollar coins</a> (1792–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_dime" title="Half dime">Half dime</a> (1792–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_half_disme" title="1792 half disme">1792 half disme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_cent_(United_States_coin)" title="Half cent (United States coin)">Half cent</a> (1793–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_cent" title="Large cent">Large cent</a> (1793–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasury_Note_(19th_century)" title="Treasury Note (19th century)">Treasury Note</a> (1812–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_the_Jacksonian_Era" title="Banking in the Jacksonian Era">Banking in the Jacksonian Era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Bank_of_the_United_States" title="Second Bank of the United States">Second Bank of the United States</a>, 1816–1836</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_Bank" title="Suffolk Bank">Suffolk Bank</a>, 1818–1858</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/McCulloch_v._Maryland" title="McCulloch v. Maryland">McCulloch v. Maryland</a></i>, 1819</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_Fund_System" title="Safety Fund System">New York Safety Fund System</a>, 1829–1842</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_War" title="Bank War">Bank War</a>, 1832–1836</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1834" title="Coinage Act of 1834">Coinage Act of 1834</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1849%E2%80%931865)" title="History of the United States (1849–1865)">Civil War Era</a><br />(1840–1870)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_banking" title="Free banking">Free banking</a> (1836–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildcat_banking" title="Wildcat banking">Wildcat banking</a> (1836–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Forstall_System" title="The Forstall System">Forstall System</a> (1842–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Treasury" title="Independent Treasury">Independent U.S. Treasury</a> (1846–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1849" title="Coinage Act of 1849">Coinage Act of 1849</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_silver" title="Three-cent silver">Three-cent silver</a> (1851–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1853" title="Coinage Act of 1853">Coinage Act of 1853</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Clearing_House" title="The Clearing House">New York Clearing House Association</a> (1853–1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1857" title="Coinage Act of 1857">Coinage Act of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demand_Note" title="Demand Note">Demand Note</a> (1861–1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Tender_Cases" title="Legal Tender Cases">Legal Tender Act of 1862</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Note" title="United States Note">United States Note</a> (1862–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fractional_currency" title="Fractional currency">Fractional currency</a> (1862–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_Act" title="National Bank Act">National Bank Acts</a> (1863; 1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interest_bearing_note" title="Interest bearing note">Interest bearing note</a> (1863–1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_central_banking_in_the_United_States" title="History of central banking in the United States">National banks system</a> (1863–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_Note" title="National Bank Note">National Bank Note</a> (1863–c. 1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_certificate_(United_States)" title="Gold certificate (United States)">Gold certificate</a> (1863–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_interest_treasury_note" title="Compound interest treasury note">Compound interest treasury note</a> (1863–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1864" title="Coinage Act of 1864">Coinage Act of 1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-cent_piece_(United_States)" title="Two-cent piece (United States)">Two-cent piece</a> (1864–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_nickel" title="Three-cent nickel">Three-cent nickel</a> (1865–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contraction_Act_of_1866" title="Contraction Act of 1866">Contraction Act of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Credit_Act_of_1869" title="Public Credit Act of 1869">Public Credit Act of 1869</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_Industrial_Revolution" title="Second Industrial Revolution">2nd Industrial Revolution</a><br />(1870–1914)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Legal_Tender_Cases" title="Legal Tender Cases">Legal Tender Cases</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hepburn_v._Griswold" title="Hepburn v. Griswold">Hepburn v. Griswold</a></i> (1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currency_Act_of_1870" title="Currency Act of 1870">Currency Act of 1870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gold_Bank_Note" title="National Gold Bank Note">National Gold Bank Note</a> (1870–1875)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Knox_v._Lee" title="Knox v. Lee">Knox v. Lee</a></i> (1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1873" title="Coinage Act of 1873">Coinage Act of 1873</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_silver" title="Free silver">Free silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specie_Payment_Resumption_Act" title="Specie Payment Resumption Act">Specie Payment Resumption Act</a> (1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-cent_piece_(United_States_coin)" title="Twenty-cent piece (United States coin)">Twenty-cent piece</a> (1875–1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bland%E2%80%93Allison_Act" title="Bland–Allison Act">Bland–Allison Act</a> (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_certificate_(United_States)" title="Silver certificate (United States)">Silver certificate</a> (1878–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refunding_Certificate" title="Refunding Certificate">Refunding Certificate</a> (1879–1907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juilliard_v._Greenman" title="Juilliard v. Greenman">Juilliard v. Greenman</a></i> (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Silver_Purchase_Act" title="Sherman Silver Purchase Act">Sherman Silver Purchase Act</a> (1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasury_Note_(1890%E2%80%931891)" title="Treasury Note (1890–1891)">Treasury Note</a> (1890–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Standard_Act" title="Gold Standard Act">Gold Standard Act</a> (1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldrich%E2%80%93Vreeland_Act" title="Aldrich–Vreeland Act">Aldrich–Vreeland Act</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Monetary_Commission" title="National Monetary Commission">National Monetary Commission</a> (1909–1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Act" title="Federal Reserve Act">Federal Reserve Act</a> (1913)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Obsolete_United_States_currency_and_coinage" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Obsolete_United_States_currency_and_coinage" title="Template:Obsolete United States currency and coinage"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Obsolete_United_States_currency_and_coinage" title="Template talk:Obsolete United States currency and coinage"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Obsolete_United_States_currency_and_coinage" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Obsolete United States currency and coinage"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Obsolete_United_States_currency_and_coinage" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Obsolete denominations of United States currency">Obsolete United States currency and coinage</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="Coins of the United States dollar">United States coinage</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="History of the United States dollar">History of the United States dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canceled_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Canceled denominations of United States currency">Canceled denominations of United States currency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1792_half_disme" title="1792 half disme">Half disme</a> (1792)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_cent_(United_States_coin)" title="Half cent (United States coin)">Half cent</a> (1793–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_cent" title="Large cent">Large cent</a> (1793–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-cent_piece_(United_States)" title="Two-cent piece (United States)">Two-cent piece</a> (1864–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_nickel" title="Three-cent nickel">Three-cent nickel</a> (1865–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_silver" title="Three-cent silver">Three-cent silver</a> (1851–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_dime" title="Half dime">Half dime</a> (1792–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-cent_piece_(United_States_coin)" title="Twenty-cent piece (United States coin)">Twenty-cent piece</a> (1875–1878)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Gold_coins" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gold coins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gold_dollar" title="Gold dollar">Gold dollar</a> (1849–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_eagle" title="Quarter eagle">Quarter eagle</a> (1796–1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-dollar_piece" title="Three-dollar piece">Three-dollar piece</a> (1854–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_eagle" title="Half eagle">Half eagle</a> (1795–1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_(United_States_coin)" title="Eagle (United States coin)">Eagle</a> (1795–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_eagle" title="Double eagle">Double eagle</a> (1850–1933; 2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Currency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued denominations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fractional_currency" title="Fractional currency">Fractional currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Large denominations of United States currency">Large denominations of currency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_five-hundred-dollar_bill" title="United States five-hundred-dollar bill">five-hundred-dollar bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-thousand-dollar_bill" title="United States one-thousand-dollar bill">one-thousand-dollar bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_five-thousand-dollar_bill" title="United States five-thousand-dollar bill">five-thousand-dollar bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_ten-thousand-dollar_bill" title="United States ten-thousand-dollar bill">ten-thousand-dollar bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-hundred-thousand-dollar_bill" title="United States one-hundred-thousand-dollar bill">one-hundred-thousand-dollar bill</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued currency types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_American_currency" title="Early American currency">Early American currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_currency_banknotes" title="Continental currency banknotes">Continental currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_interest_treasury_note" title="Compound interest treasury note">Compound interest treasury note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demand_Note" title="Demand Note">Demand Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Bank_Note" title="Federal Reserve Bank Note">Federal Reserve Bank Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_certificate_(United_States)" title="Gold certificate (United States)">Gold certificate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_overprint_note" title="Hawaii overprint note">Hawaii overprint note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interest_bearing_note" title="Interest bearing note">Interest bearing note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_Note" title="National Bank Note">National Bank Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gold_Bank_Note" title="National Gold Bank Note">National Gold Bank Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refunding_Certificate" title="Refunding Certificate">Refunding Certificate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_certificate_(United_States)" title="Silver certificate (United States)">Silver certificate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Educational_Series" title="Educational Series">Educational Series</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/History_Instructing_Youth" title="History Instructing Youth">History Instructing Youth</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasury_Note_(1890%E2%80%931891)" title="Treasury Note (1890–1891)">Treasury or Coin Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasury_Note_(19th_century)" title="Treasury Note (19th century)">Treasury Note (19th century)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Note" title="United States Note">United States Note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_postal_notes" title="United States postal notes">United States postal notes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Eagle_Silver_Certificate" title="Black Eagle Silver Certificate">Black Eagle Silver Certificate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasher_Doubloon" title="Brasher Doubloon">Brasher Doubloon</a> (1787)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funnyback" title="Funnyback">Funnyback</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Currencies_of_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Currencies_of_Africa" title="Template:Currencies of Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Currencies_of_Africa" title="Template talk:Currencies of Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Currencies_of_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Currencies of Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Currencies_of_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">Currencies</a> of Africa</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_dinar" title="Algerian dinar">Algerian dinar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pound" title="Egyptian pound">Egyptian pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_dinar" title="Libyan dinar">Libyan dinar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritanian_ouguiya" title="Mauritanian ouguiya">Mauritanian ouguiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_dirham" title="Moroccan dirham">Moroccan dirham</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_peseta" title="Sahrawi peseta">Sahrawi peseta</a></i> (<i>unrecognized</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_pound" title="Sudanese pound">Sudanese pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_dinar" title="Tunisian dinar">Tunisian dinar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_kwanza" title="Angolan kwanza">Angolan kwanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundian_franc" title="Burundian franc">Burundian franc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_CFA_franc" title="Central African CFA franc">Central African CFA franc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_franc" title="Congolese franc">Congolese franc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_franc" title="Rwandan franc">Rwandan franc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comorian_franc" title="Comorian franc">Comorian franc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djiboutian_franc" title="Djiboutian franc">Djiboutian franc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_nakfa" title="Eritrean nakfa">Eritrean nakfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_birr" title="Ethiopian birr">Ethiopian birr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_shilling" title="Kenyan shilling">Kenyan shilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychellois_rupee" title="Seychellois rupee">Seychellois rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_shilling" title="Somali shilling">Somali shilling</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_shilling" title="Somaliland shilling">Somaliland shilling</a></i> (<i>unrecognized</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_pound" title="South Sudanese pound">South Sudanese pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_shilling" title="Tanzanian shilling">Tanzanian shilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_shilling" title="Ugandan shilling">Ugandan shilling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_pula" title="Botswana pula">Botswana pula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho_loti" title="Lesotho loti">Lesotho loti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_ariary" title="Malagasy ariary">Malagasy ariary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_kwacha" title="Malawian kwacha">Malawian kwacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_rupee" title="Mauritian rupee">Mauritian rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_metical" title="Mozambican metical">Mozambican metical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_dollar" title="Namibian dollar">Namibian dollar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena_pound" title="Saint Helena pound">Saint Helena pound</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_rand" title="South African rand">South African rand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swazi_lilangeni" title="Swazi lilangeni">Swazi lilangeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambian_kwacha" title="Zambian kwacha">Zambian kwacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_ZiG" title="Zimbabwean ZiG">Zimbabwe Gold</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mosi-oa-Tunya_(coin)" title="Mosi-oa-Tunya (coin)">mosi-oa-Tunya</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_escudo" title="Cape Verdean escudo">Cape Verdean escudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_dalasi" title="Gambian dalasi">Gambian dalasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_cedi" title="Ghanaian cedi">Ghanaian cedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinean_franc" title="Guinean franc">Guinean franc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_dollar" title="Liberian dollar">Liberian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_naira" title="Nigerian naira">Nigerian naira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_dobra" title="São Tomé and Príncipe dobra">São Tomé and Príncipe dobra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_leone" title="Sierra Leonean leone">Sierra Leonean leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_CFA_franc" title="West African CFA franc">West African CFA franc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Currencies_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Currencies_of_Asia" title="Template:Currencies of Asia"><abbr title="View this 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title="Turkmenistani manat">Turkmenistani manat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistani_sum" title="Uzbekistani sum">Uzbekistani sum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Renminbi</a> (yuan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_dollar" title="Hong Kong dollar">Hong Kong dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">Japanese yen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_won" title="North Korean won">North Korean won</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_won" title="South Korean won">South Korean won</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macanese_pataca" title="Macanese pataca">Macanese pataca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_t%C3%B6gr%C3%B6g" title="Mongolian tögrög">Mongolian tögrög</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Taiwan_dollar" title="New Taiwan dollar">New Taiwan dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">Russian ruble</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_afghani" title="Afghan afghani">Afghan afghani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_taka" title="Bangladeshi taka">Bangladeshi taka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_ngultrum" title="Bhutanese ngultrum">Bhutanese ngultrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">Indian rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_rufiyaa" title="Maldivian rufiyaa">Maldivian rufiyaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_rupee" title="Nepalese rupee">Nepalese rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rupee" title="Pakistani rupee">Pakistani rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Pound sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_rupee" title="Sri Lankan rupee">Sri Lankan rupee</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">U.S. dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">Australian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_dollar" title="Brunei dollar">Brunei dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_riel" title="Cambodian riel">Cambodian riel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_rupiah" title="Indonesian rupiah">Indonesian rupiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_kip" title="Lao kip">Lao kip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_ringgit" title="Malaysian ringgit">Malaysian ringgit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_kyat" title="Myanmar kyat">Myanmar kyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">Philippine peso (<i>piso</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_dollar" title="Singapore dollar">Singapore dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_baht" title="Thai baht">Thai baht</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">U.S. dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng" title="Vietnamese đồng">Vietnamese đồng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_dram" title="Armenian dram">Armenian dram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_manat" title="Azerbaijani manat">Azerbaijani manat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_dinar" title="Bahraini dinar">Bahraini dinar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pound" title="Egyptian pound">Egyptian pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_dirham" title="United Arab Emirates dirham">Emirati dirham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_lari" title="Georgian lari">Georgian lari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_rial" title="Iranian rial">Iranian rial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_dinar" title="Iraqi dinar">Iraqi dinar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_new_shekel" title="Israeli new shekel">Israeli new shekel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_dinar" title="Jordanian dinar">Jordanian dinar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_dinar" title="Kuwaiti dinar">Kuwaiti dinar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_pound" title="Lebanese pound">Lebanese pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_rial" title="Omani rial">Omani rial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_riyal" title="Qatari riyal">Qatari riyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_riyal" title="Saudi riyal">Saudi riyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_pound" title="Syrian pound">Syrian pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_lira" title="Turkish lira">Turkish lira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_rial" title="Yemeni rial">Yemeni rial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Currencies_of_the_Americas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Currencies_of_the_Americas" title="Template:Currencies of the Americas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Currencies_of_the_Americas" title="Template talk:Currencies of the Americas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Currencies_of_the_Americas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Currencies of the Americas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Currencies_of_the_Americas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">Currencies</a> of the Americas</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermudian_dollar" title="Bermudian dollar">Bermudian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">Canadian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_krone" title="Danish krone">Danish krone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_peso" title="Mexican peso">Mexican peso</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">U.S. dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruban_florin" title="Aruban florin">Aruban florin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamian_dollar" title="Bahamian dollar">Bahamian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_dollar" title="Barbadian dollar">Barbadian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands_dollar" title="Cayman Islands dollar">Cayman Islands dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_peso" title="Cuban peso">Cuban peso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_peso" title="Dominican peso">Dominican peso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Caribbean_dollar" title="Eastern Caribbean dollar">East Caribbean dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_gourde" title="Haitian gourde">Haitian gourde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_dollar" title="Jamaican dollar">Jamaican dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antillean_guilder" title="Netherlands Antillean guilder">Netherlands Antillean guilder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_dollar" title="Trinidad and Tobago dollar">Trinidad and Tobago dollar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">U.S. dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitcoin" title="Bitcoin">Bitcoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize_dollar" title="Belize dollar">Belize dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rican_col%C3%B3n" title="Costa Rican colón">Costa Rican colón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_quetzal" title="Guatemalan quetzal">Guatemalan quetzal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_lempira" title="Honduran lempira">Honduran lempira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_c%C3%B3rdoba" title="Nicaraguan córdoba">Nicaraguan córdoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_balboa" title="Panamanian balboa">Panamanian balboa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">U.S. dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_peso" title="Argentine peso">Argentine peso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_boliviano" title="Bolivian boliviano">Bolivian boliviano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_real" title="Brazilian real">Brazilian real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_peso" title="Chilean peso">Chilean peso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_peso" title="Colombian peso">Colombian peso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands_pound" title="Falkland Islands pound">Falkland Islands pound</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_dollar" title="Guyanese dollar">Guyanese dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_guaran%C3%AD" title="Paraguayan guaraní">Paraguayan guaraní</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_sol" title="Peruvian sol">Peruvian sol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_dollar" title="Surinamese dollar">Surinamese dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_peso" title="Uruguayan peso">Uruguayan peso</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">U.S. dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_bol%C3%ADvar" title="Venezuelan bolívar">Venezuelan bolívar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_guilder" title="Caribbean guilder">Caribbean guilder</a> (from 2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Currencies_of_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Currencies_of_Oceania" title="Template:Currencies of Oceania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Currencies_of_Oceania" title="Template talk:Currencies of Oceania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Currencies_of_Oceania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Currencies of Oceania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Currencies_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Currencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Currencies">Currencies</a> of Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">Australian dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">Australian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFP_franc" title="CFP franc">CFP franc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_dollar" title="Fijian dollar">Fijian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_rupiah" title="Indonesian rupiah">Indonesian rupiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_kina" title="Papua New Guinean kina">Papua New Guinean kina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_dollar" title="Solomon Islands dollar">Solomon Islands dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu_vatu" title="Vanuatu vatu">Vanuatu vatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">Australian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati_dollar" title="Kiribati dollar">Kiribati dollar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">U.S. dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">Australian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CFP_franc" title="CFP franc">CFP franc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_peso" title="Chilean peso">Chilean peso</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_dollar" title="Cook Islands dollar">Cook Islands dollar</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_dollar" title="New Zealand dollar">New Zealand dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands_dollar" title="Pitcairn Islands dollar">Pitcairn Islands dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_t%C4%81l%C4%81" title="Samoan tālā">Samoan tālā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_pa%CA%BBanga" title="Tongan paʻanga">Tongan paʻanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_dollar" title="Tuvaluan dollar">Tuvaluan dollar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">U.S. dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Currencies_named_dollar_or_similar" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dollar" title="Template:Dollar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dollar" title="Template talk:Dollar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dollar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dollar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Currencies_named_dollar_or_similar" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">Currencies</a> named <i><a href="/wiki/Dollar" title="Dollar">dollar</a></i> or similar</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Circulating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">Australian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamian_dollar" title="Bahamian dollar">Bahamian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_dollar" title="Barbadian dollar">Barbadian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize_dollar" title="Belize dollar">Belize dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermudian_dollar" title="Bermudian dollar">Bermudian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_dollar" title="Brunei dollar">Brunei dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">Canadian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands_dollar" title="Cayman Islands dollar">Cayman Islands dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_dollar" title="Cook Islands dollar">Cook Islands dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Caribbean_dollar" title="Eastern Caribbean dollar">Eastern Caribbean dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_dollar" title="Fijian dollar">Fijian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_dollar" title="Guyanese dollar">Guyanese dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_dollar" title="Hong Kong dollar">Hong Kong dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_dollar" title="Jamaican dollar">Jamaican dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati_dollar" title="Kiribati dollar">Kiribati dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_dollar" title="Liberian dollar">Liberian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_dollar" title="Namibian dollar">Namibian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_dollar" title="New Zealand dollar">New Zealand dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_t%C4%81l%C4%81" title="Samoan tālā">Samoan tālā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_dollar" title="Singapore dollar">Singapore dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_dollar" title="Solomon Islands dollar">Solomon Islands dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_dollar" title="Surinamese dollar">Surinamese dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Taiwan_dollar" title="New Taiwan dollar">New Taiwan dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_dollar" title="Trinidad and Tobago dollar">Trinidad and Tobago dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_dollar" title="Tuvaluan dollar">Tuvaluan dollar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Circulating,<br />but renamed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_yuan#Connection_with_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese yuan">Chinese yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_birr" title="Ethiopian birr">Ethiopian birr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_ringgit" title="Malaysian ringgit">Malaysian ringgit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_dollar" title="Antigua dollar">Antigua dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_dollar" title="British Columbia dollar">British Columbia dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_North_Borneo_dollar" title="British North Borneo dollar">British North Borneo dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_West_Indies_dollar" title="British West Indies dollar">British West Indies dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylonese_rixdollar" title="Ceylonese rixdollar">Ceylonese rixdollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_dollar" title="Confederate States dollar">Confederate States dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_American_currency#Continental_currency" title="Early American currency">Continental dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_rigsdaler" title="Danish rigsdaler">Danish rigsdaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_West_Indian_daler" title="Danish West Indian daler">Danish West Indian daler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_West_Indian_rigsdaler" title="Danish West Indian rigsdaler">Danish West Indian rigsdaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_dollar" title="Dominican dollar">Dominican dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_rijksdaalder" title="Dutch rijksdaalder">Dutch rijksdaalder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_rigsdaler" title="Greenlandic rigsdaler">Greenlandic rigsdaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenadian_dollar" title="Grenadian dollar">Grenadian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_dollar" title="Hawaiian dollar">Hawaiian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_government-issued_dollar_in_Malaya_and_Borneo" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese government-issued dollar in Malaya and Borneo">Japanese occupation dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiautschou_dollar" title="Kiautschou dollar">Kiautschou dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaya_and_British_Borneo_dollar" title="Malaya and British Borneo dollar">Malaya and British Borneo dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_dollar" title="Malayan dollar">Malayan dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_dollar" title="Mauritian dollar">Mauritian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_dollar" title="Mongolian dollar">Mongolian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevisian_dollar" title="Nevisian dollar">Nevisian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick_dollar" title="New Brunswick dollar">New Brunswick dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_dollar" title="Newfoundland dollar">Newfoundland dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_rigsdaler" title="Norwegian rigsdaler">Norwegian rigsdaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_speciedaler" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian speciedaler">Norwegian speciedaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotian_dollar" title="Nova Scotian dollar">Nova Scotian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang_dollar" title="Penang dollar">Penang dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island_dollar" title="Prince Edward Island dollar">Prince Edward Island dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currencies_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Currencies of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodesian_dollar" title="Rhodesian dollar">Rhodesian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_dollar" title="Saint Kitts dollar">Saint Kitts dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia_dollar" title="Saint Lucia dollar">Saint Lucia dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_dollar" title="Saint Vincent dollar">Saint Vincent dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_dollar" title="Sarawak dollar">Sarawak dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_dollar" title="Sierra Leonean dollar">Sierra Leonean dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_tolar" title="Slovenian tolar">Slovenian tolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollar" title="Spanish dollar">Spanish dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straits_dollar" title="Straits dollar">Straits dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumatran_dollar" title="Sumatran dollar">Sumatran dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_riksdaler" title="Swedish riksdaler">Swedish riksdaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Taiwan_dollar" title="Old Taiwan dollar">Old Taiwan dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_dollar" title="Texas dollar">Texas dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_dollar" title="Trinidadian dollar">Trinidadian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobagonian_dollar" title="Tobagonian dollar">Tobagonian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_dollar" title="Zimbabwean dollar">Zimbabwean dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_dollar_(2019%E2%80%932024)" title="Zimbabwean dollar (2019–2024)">Zimbabwean dollar (2019–2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Noncirculating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niue_dollar" title="Niue dollar">Niue dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands_dollar" title="Pitcairn Islands dollar">Pitcairn Islands dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conceptual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurodollar" title="Eurodollar">Eurodollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrodollar_recycling" title="Petrodollar recycling">Petrodollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_dollar" title="International dollar">International dollar</a> (Geary–Khamis dollar)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Virtual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Second_Life" title="Economy of Second Life">Linden dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entropia_Universe" title="Entropia Universe">Project Entropia Dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fictional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angus_Bucks" title="Angus Bucks">Angus Bucks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calgary_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="Calgary dollar">Calgary dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Tire_money" title="Canadian Tire money">Canadian Tire money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Dollars" title="Disney Dollars">Disney Dollars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_dollar_(private_currency)" title="Liberty dollar (private currency)">Liberty dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Spring_dollar" title="Salt Spring dollar">Salt Spring dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_dollar" title="Toronto dollar">Toronto dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dollar_sign" title="Dollar sign">Dollar sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_dollar" title="Half dollar">Half dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_dollar" title="Quarter dollar">Quarter dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holey_dollar" title="Holey dollar">Holey dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaler" title="Thaler">Thaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolar" title="Tolar">Tolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_dollar" title="Trade dollar">Trade dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_bond_coins" title="Zimbabwean bond coins">Zimbabwean bond coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_bond_notes" title="Zimbabwean bond notes">Zimbabwean bond notes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Canceled_United_States_currency_and_coinage" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canceled_United_States_currency_and_coinage" title="Template:Canceled United States currency and coinage"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canceled_United_States_currency_and_coinage" title="Template talk:Canceled United States currency and coinage"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canceled_United_States_currency_and_coinage" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canceled United States currency and coinage"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Canceled_United_States_currency_and_coinage" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Canceled_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Canceled denominations of United States currency">Canceled United States currency and coinage</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="Coins of the United States dollar">United States coinage</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="History of the United States dollar">History of the United States dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Obsolete denominations of United States currency">Obsolete denominations of United States currency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silver_center_cent" title="Silver center cent">Silver center cent</a> (1792)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_cent" title="Ring cent">Ring cent</a> (1850–1851, 1853, 1884-1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-cent_billon" title="Two-cent billon">Two-cent billon</a> (1836)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_and_a_half_cent_coin_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two and a half cent coin (United States)">Two and a half cent piece</a> (not minted)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_bronze" title="Three-cent bronze">Three-cent bronze</a> (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_nickel" title="Ring nickel">Ring nickel</a> (1884-1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_dollar_coin_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two dollar coin (United States)">Two dollar piece</a> (not minted)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Gold_coins" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gold coins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stella_(United_States_coin)" title="Stella (United States coin)">Stella</a> (1879–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_union" title="Half union">Half union</a> (1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_(United_States_coin)" title="Union (United States coin)">Union</a> (not minted)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Currency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_three-dollar_bill" class="mw-redirect" title="United States three-dollar bill">United States three-dollar bill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Economy_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Economy of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Economy of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Economy of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Economy_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economy of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Companies of the United States">Companies of the United States</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Economic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Economic history of the United States">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Economic history of the United States">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_School_(economics)" title="American School (economics)">American School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_System_(economic_plan)" title="American System (economic plan)">American System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution_in_the_United_States" title="Industrial Revolution in the United States">Industrial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Industry_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Industry in the United States">Industries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_United_States" title="Manufacturing in the United States">Industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technological_and_industrial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Technological and industrial history of the United States">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquaculture in the United States">Aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Automotive industry in the United States">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_transportation_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Air transportation in the United States">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_the_United_States" title="Beer in the United States">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biotechnology_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Biotechnology in the United States">Biotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cement_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Cement industry in the United States">Cement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Hawaii" title="Coffee production in Hawaii">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_production_in_the_United_States" title="Cotton production in the United States">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity sector in the United States">Electric power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_industry_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronics industry in the United States">Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Fishing industry in the United States">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_the_United_States" title="Gambling in the United States">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hedge_fund_firms_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Hedge fund firms of the United States">Hedge fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_the_United_States" title="Internet in the United States">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of the United States">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_the_United_States" title="Mining in the United States">Mining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gold_mining_in_the_United_States" title="Gold mining in the United States">Gold mining</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pharmaceutical_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Pharmaceutical industry in the United States">Pharmaceuticals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pharmacies_in_the_United_States" title="Pharmacies in the United States">Pharmacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Publishing_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Publishing in the United States">Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_States" title="Radio in the United States">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Rail transportation in the United States">Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Real_estate_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Real estate in the United States">Real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_States" title="Renewable energy in the United States">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_industry_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Steel industry in the United States">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in the United States">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_in_the_United_States" title="Digital television in the United States">Digital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_States" title="Tourism in the United States">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Textile_industry_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Textile industry of the United States">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_the_United_States" title="Video games in the United States">Video gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine of the United States">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Special_economic_zones_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Special economic zones of the United States">Special Economic Zones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empowerment_zone" title="Empowerment zone">Empowerment Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_zone" title="Opportunity zone">Opportunity Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targeted_Employment_Area" title="Targeted Employment Area">Targeted Employment Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Foreign_trade_zones_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Foreign trade zones of the United States">Foreign Trade Zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">Metropolitan Statistical Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Energy_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Energy in the United States">Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Energy policy of the United States">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal in the United States">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Petroleum industry in the United States">Oil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oil_shale_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Oil shale in the United States">Oil shale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oil_refineries#United_States" title="List of oil refineries">Oil refineries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_the_United_States" title="Nuclear power in the United States">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_States" title="Renewable energy in the United States">Renewable</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_United_States" title="Wind power in the United States">Wind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_the_United_States" title="Solar power in the United States">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Geothermal power in the United States">Geothermal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Foreign_trade_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Foreign trade of the United States">Trade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Infrastructure_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Infrastructure in the United States">infrastructure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation in the United States">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_the_United_States" title="Communications in the United States">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_United_States" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the United States">Postal history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_States" title="Tourism in the United States">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Shipping_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Shipping in the United States">Shipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_the_United_States" title="Illegal drug trade in the United States">Illegal drug trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Foreign_Investment_in_the_United_States" title="Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States">Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ports_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Ports of the United States">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_United_States" title="Water supply and sanitation in the United States">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_the_United_States" title="List of exports of the United States">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_trading_partners_of_the_United_States" title="List of the largest trading partners of the United States">Trading partners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Law and regulations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_States" title="Taxation in the United States">Tax system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_labor_law" title="United States labor law">Labor law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labor_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Child labor laws in the United States">Child labor laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-to-work_law" title="Right-to-work law">Right-to-work law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage_in_the_United_States" title="Minimum wage in the United States">Minimum wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety_in_the_United_States" title="Food safety in the United States">Food safety</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Finance_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Finance in the United States">Finance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Banking_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Banking in the United States">banking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_services_in_the_United_States" title="Financial services in the United States">Financial services</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_the_United_States" title="Banking in the United States">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_banking_in_the_United_States" title="History of banking in the United States">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of banks in the United States">Other banks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> (<a href="/wiki/NYSE_Composite" title="NYSE Composite">NYSE Composite</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASDAQ" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ">NASDAQ</a> (<a href="/wiki/NASDAQ_Composite" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ Composite">NASDAQ Composite</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Board_of_Trade" title="Chicago Board of Trade">Chicago Board of Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Board_of_Trade" title="New York Board of Trade">New York Board of Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_Exchange" title="Intercontinental Exchange">Intercontinental Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Accounting_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Accounting in the United States">Accounting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Economy of the United States">Government institutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">Department of the Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">Department of Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Labor" title="United States Department of Labor">Department of Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative" title="Office of the United States Trade Representative">Office of the United States Trade Representative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Business_Administration" title="Small Business Administration">Small Business Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Board" title="National Labor Relations Board">National Labor Relations Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Trade_and_Development_Agency" title="United States Trade and Development Agency">United States Trade and Development Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">Customs and Border Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Comptroller_of_the_Currency" title="Office of the Comptroller of the Currency">Office of the Comptroller of the Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau" title="Consumer Financial Protection Bureau">Consumer Financial Protection Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">Securities and Exchange Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Deposit_Insurance_Corporation" title="Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation">Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Credit_Union_Administration" title="National Credit Union Administration">National Credit Union Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_International_Trade_Commission" title="United States International Trade Commission">United States International Trade Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_statistical_system" title="Federal statistical system">Statistics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Economic_development_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Economic development in the United States">Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_the_United_States" title="International rankings of the United States">International rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_GDP" title="List of U.S. states and territories by GDP">States by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_welfare_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Social welfare in the United States">Social welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_force_in_the_United_States" title="Labor force in the United States">Labor force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_the_United_States" title="Unemployment in the United States">Unemployment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_unemployment_in_the_United_States" title="Causes of unemployment in the United States">Causes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_unemployment_rate" title="List of U.S. states and territories by unemployment rate">State unemployment rate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_United_States" title="Corruption in the United States">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">Standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbanization_in_the_United_States" title="Urbanization in the United States">Urbanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_the_United_States" title="Emigration from the United States">Emigration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._International_Development_Finance_Corporation" title="U.S. International Development Finance Corporation">U.S. International Development Finance Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Dot_Network" title="Blue Dot Network">Blue Dot Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Build_Back_Better_World" title="Build Back Better World">Build Back Better World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Export%E2%80%93Import_Bank_of_the_United_States" title="Export–Import Bank of the United States">Export–Import Bank of the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economic initiatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AmeriCorps_VISTA" title="AmeriCorps VISTA">AmeriCorps VISTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_Corps" title="Job Corps">Job Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathways_out_of_Poverty" title="Pathways out of Poverty">Pathways out of Poverty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Economic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Economic history of the United States">Events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000s_United_States_housing_bubble" title="2000s United States housing bubble">2006–2012 housing bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932010_automotive_industry_crisis" title="2008–2010 automotive industry crisis">2008–2010 automotive industry crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Stimulus_Act_of_2008" title="Economic Stimulus Act of 2008">2008 economic stimulus plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China–United States trade war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States" title="Category:United States">Related topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Agriculture in the United States">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy_in_the_United_States" title="Bankruptcy in the United States">Bankruptcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="List of companies of the United States by state">Companies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_companies_in_the_United_States_by_revenue" title="List of largest companies in the United States by revenue">Largest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Top 500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprises_of_the_United_States" title="State-owned enterprises of the United States">SOEs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_States" title="Demographics of the United States">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_National_Standards_Institute" title="American National Standards Institute">National Standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCC_mark" title="FCC mark">FCC mark</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Made_in_USA" title="Made in USA">Made in USA</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wealthiest_Americans_by_net_worth" title="List of wealthiest Americans by net worth">List of Americans by net worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_economists" title="Category:American economists">American economists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_States" title="Science and technology in the United States">Science and technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Economy of the United States">Category</a></dd> <dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the United States">Outline of the United States</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_North_America" title="Economy of North America">Economy of North America</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_topics" title="Template:United States topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_topics" title="Template talk:United States topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States" title="History of the United States">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1776%E2%80%931789)" title="History of the United States (1776–1789)">1776–1789</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1789%E2%80%931815)" title="History of the United States (1789–1815)">1789–1815</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1815%E2%80%931849)" title="History of the United States (1815–1849)">1815–1849</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1849%E2%80%931865)" title="History of the United States (1849–1865)">1849–1865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1865%E2%80%931917)" title="History of the United States (1865–1917)">1865–1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1917%E2%80%931945)" title="History of the United States (1917–1945)">1917–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1945%E2%80%931964)" title="History of the United States (1945–1964)">1945–1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1964%E2%80%931980)" title="History of the United States (1964–1980)">1964–1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1980%E2%80%931991)" title="History of the United States (1980–1991)">1980–1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1991%E2%80%932008)" title="History of the United States (1991–2008)">1991–2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(2008%E2%80%93present)" title="History of the United States (2008–present)">2008–present</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By event</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-colonial era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">Colonial era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_Act_Congress" title="Stamp Act Congress">Stamp Act Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_American_military_history" title="Colonial American military history">military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Resolves" title="Halifax Resolves">Halifax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Union" title="Perpetual Union">Perpetual Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_period" title="Confederation period">Confederation period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_frontier" title="American frontier">American frontier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_drafting_and_ratification_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Timeline of drafting and ratification of the United States Constitution">drafting and ratification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Era" title="Federalist Era">Federalist Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">Indian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_genocide_in_the_United_States" title="Native American genocide in the United States">Native genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">Women's suffrage</a></li> <li>Civil rights movement <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1865%E2%80%931896)" title="Civil rights movement (1865–1896)">1865–1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1896%E2%80%931954)" title="Civil rights movement (1896–1954)">1896–1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">1954–1968</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" title="American imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_in_World_War_I" title="United States in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaring_Twenties" title="Roaring Twenties">Roaring Twenties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United States home front during World War II">home front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Century" title="American Century">American Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">Feminist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_liberation" title="Gay liberation">LGBT Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1991%E2%80%932008)" title="History of the United States (1991–2008)">Post-Cold War (1991–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on Terror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_the_United_States" title="Great Recession in the United States">Great Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_history_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the history of the United States">Outline of U.S. history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Demographic history of the United States">Demographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_discoveries" title="Timeline of United States discoveries">Discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Economic history of the United States">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_inventions" title="Timeline of United States inventions">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States" title="Military history of the United States">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_United_States" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the United States">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_and_industrial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Technological and industrial history of the United States">Technological and industrial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_States" title="Geography of the United States">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._territorial_sovereignty" title="U.S. territorial sovereignty">Territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">Contiguous United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">federal district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_enclave" title="Federal enclave">federal enclaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">insular zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">minor outlying islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_populated_places_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of populated places in the United States">populated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_United_States" title="List of earthquakes in the United States">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_the_United_States" title="List of extreme points of the United States">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_United_States" title="List of islands of the United States">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_the_United_States" title="List of mountains of the United States">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_peaks_of_the_United_States" title="List of mountain peaks of the United States">peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges#United_States" title="List of mountain ranges">ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_in_the_United_States_National_Park_System" title="List of areas in the United States National Park System">National Parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="Gulf Coast of the United States">Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Mid-Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_United_States" title="Central United States">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_United_States" title="Eastern United States">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_United_States" title="Northern United States">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_United_States" title="Northwestern United States">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li>Longest <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_United_States" title="List of rivers of the United States">rivers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_River" title="Arkansas River">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_of_the_South" title="Red River of the South">Red (South)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon_River" title="Yukon River">Yukon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_United_States" title="Time in the United States">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_United_States" title="Water supply and sanitation in the United States">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_States" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United States">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Powers_of_the_president_of_the_United_States" title="Powers of the president of the United States">powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="United States federal executive departments">Executive departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_agencies_of_the_United_States_government" title="Independent agencies of the United States government">Independent agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Intelligence_Community" title="United States Intelligence Community">Intelligence Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Reconnaissance_Office" title="National Reconnaissance Office">National Reconnaissance Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Federal law enforcement in the United States">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">ATF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">CBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Diplomatic_Security" title="Bureau of Diplomatic Security">Diplomatic Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">DEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">ICE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marshals_Service" title="United States Marshals Service">Marshals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">Secret Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">TSA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Inspector_General_(United_States)" title="Office of Inspector General (United States)">Inspector generals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_civil_service" title="United States federal civil service">Civil service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Public policy of the United States">Public policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Legislative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of current members of the United States House of Representatives">current members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_senators" title="List of current United States senators">current members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States#President_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Vice President of the United States">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police" title="United States Capitol Police">Capitol Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office" title="Congressional Budget Office">Congressional Budget Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" title="Government Accountability Office">Government Accountability Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Government Publishing Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the_United_States" title="Federal judiciary of the United States">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">Courts of appeals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_circuit_judges" title="List of current United States circuit judges">list of judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_district_court" title="United States district court">District courts</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_States_territorial_court" title="United States territorial court">Territorial courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_district_and_territorial_courts" title="List of United States district and territorial courts">list of courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_district_judges" title="List of current United States district judges">list of judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_tribunals_in_the_United_States" title="Federal tribunals in the United States">Other tribunals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney" title="United States Attorney">U.S. attorney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_States" title="Law of the United States">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties_in_the_United_States" title="Civil liberties in the United States">civil liberties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Code of Federal Regulations">Code of Federal Regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_preemption" title="Federal preemption">preemption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Separation of powers under the United States Constitution">separation of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Uniformed_services_of_the_United_States" title="Uniformed services of the United States">Uniformed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">Space Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(United_States)" title="National Guard (United States)">National Guard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOAA_Commissioned_Officer_Corps" title="NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps">NOAA Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Public_Health_Service_Commissioned_Corps" title="United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps">Public Health Service Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_the_United_States" title="State governments of the United States">State</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Government of the District of Columbia">Federal District</a>,<br />and <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territorial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_constitutional_officer" title="State constitutional officer">Executive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_(United_States)" title="Governor (United States)">Governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_governors" title="List of current United States governors">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant governor (United States)">Lieutenant governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_lieutenant_governors" title="List of current United States lieutenant governors">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_state_(U.S._state_government)" title="Secretary of state (U.S. state government)">Secretary of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_attorney_general" title="State attorney general">Attorney general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_treasurer" title="State treasurer">Treasurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_auditor" title="State auditor">Auditor/Comptroller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_commissioner" title="Agriculture commissioner">Agriculture commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_commissioner" title="Insurance commissioner">Insurance commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_utilities_commission" title="Public utilities commission">Public utilities commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_police_(United_States)" title="State police (United States)">State police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_and_local_law_enforcement_agencies" title="List of United States state and local law enforcement agencies">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">Legislative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_legislatures" title="List of United States state legislatures">List of legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_legislators" title="List of U.S. state legislators">List of legislators</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_court_(United_States)" title="State court (United States)">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_supreme_court" title="State supreme court">Supreme courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_chief_justices" title="List of state chief justices">Chief justices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_attorney" title="District attorney">District attorney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_district_attorneys_by_county" class="mw-redirect" title="List of district attorneys by county">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_law_(United_States)" title="State law (United States)">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_constitutions_in_the_United_States" title="State constitutions in the United States">State constitutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_statutory_codes" title="List of U.S. state statutory codes">Statutory codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_act" title="Uniform act">Uniform act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_U.S._state_and_territory_governments" title="Comparison of U.S. state and territory governments">Comparison of governments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tribe_(Native_American)" title="Tribe (Native American)">Tribal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_sovereignty_in_the_United_States" title="Tribal sovereignty in the United States">Tribal sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_recognition_in_the_United_States" title="Native American recognition in the United States">Native American recognition in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federally_recognized_tribes_in_the_contiguous_United_States" title="List of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States">Federally recognized tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alaska_Native_tribal_entities" title="List of Alaska Native tribal entities">Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-recognized_tribes_in_the_United_States" title="State-recognized tribes in the United States">State-recognized tribes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_home_land" title="Hawaiian home land">Hawaiian home land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Local government in the United States">Local</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_counties_and_county_equivalents" title="List of United States counties and county equivalents">List of counties and county equivalents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_executive" title="County executive">County executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheriffs_in_the_United_States" title="Sheriffs in the United States">Sheriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_clerk" title="Municipal clerk">Clerk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_city-county" title="Consolidated city-county">Consolidated city-county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">Independent city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coterminous_municipality" title="Coterminous municipality">Coterminous municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_charter#United_States" title="Municipal charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Mayor–council government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council%E2%80%93manager_government" title="Council–manager government">Council–manager government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_commission_government" title="City commission government">City commission government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayoralty_in_the_United_States" title="Mayoralty in the United States">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_manager" title="City manager">City manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_council#United_States" title="Municipal council">City council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Minor_civil_division" title="Minor civil division">Minor divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_meeting" title="Town meeting">Town meeting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Special_district_(United_States)" title="Special district (United States)">Special district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">School district</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_school_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of school districts in the United States">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_United_States" title="Corruption in the United States">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_States" title="Elections in the United States">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states" title="Red states and blue states">Red states and blue states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign relations of the United States">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign policy of the United States">foreign policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_presidency" title="Imperial presidency">Imperial presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ideologies_in_the_United_States" title="Political ideologies in the United States">Ideologies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Americanism" title="Anti-Americanism">Anti-Americanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">exceptionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">nationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="Political parties in the United States">Parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third parties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_political_scandals_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal political scandals in the United States">Scandals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States_by_sector" title="Economy of the United States by sector">By sector</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Agriculture in the United States">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_the_United_States" title="Banking in the United States">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_the_United_States" title="Communications in the United States">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="List of companies of the United States by state">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_States" title="Energy in the United States">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Insurance in the United States">Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_United_States" title="Manufacturing in the United States">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_the_United_States" title="Mining in the United States">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_States" title="Science and technology in the United States">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_States" title="Tourism in the United States">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign trade of the United States">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="List of companies of the United States by state">by state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_the_United_States" title="List of exports of the United States">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_budget" title="United States federal budget">Federal budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States">Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_position_of_the_United_States" title="Financial position of the United States">Financial position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States" title="Labor unions in the United States">Labor unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_debt_of_the_United_States" title="National debt of the United States">Public debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_programs_in_the_United_States" title="Social programs in the United States">Social welfare programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_States" title="Taxation in the United States">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_the_United_States" title="Unemployment in the United States">Unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport in the United States">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_the_United_States" title="Aviation in the United States">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_in_the_United_States" title="Driving in the United States">Driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Public transportation in the United States">Public transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Rail transportation in the United States">Rail transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Transportation policy of the United States">Transportation policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_safety_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation safety in the United States">Transportation safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trucking_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Trucking industry in the United States">Trucking industry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Society of the United States">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Culture of the United States">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americana_(culture)" title="Americana (culture)">Americana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Architecture in the United States">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States" title="Crime in the United States">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_the_United_States" title="Dance in the United States">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_States" title="Demographics of the United States">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economic issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">affluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eviction_in_the_United_States" title="Eviction in the United States">eviction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeownership_in_the_United_States" title="Homeownership in the United States">homeownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">personal income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_class_in_the_United_States" title="Working class in the United States">working class</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">attainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_the_United_States" title="Literacy in the United States">literacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_in_the_United_States" title="Family in the United States">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_the_United_States" title="Fashion in the United States">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_the_United_States" title="List of flags of the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_the_United_States" title="Folklore of the United States">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Public holidays in the United States">Holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Federal holidays in the United States">Federal holidays</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness in the United States">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_the_United_States" title="Housing in the United States">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Human rights in the United States">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Indigenous languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">ASL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_literature" title="American literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_United_States" title="Mass media in the United States">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_journalism" title="History of American journalism">journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_the_United_States" title="Internet in the United States">internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_newspapers" title="History of American newspapers">newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_States" title="Radio in the United States">radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States" title="Music of the United States">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_in_the_United_States" title="Naming in the United States">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_the_United_States" title="National symbols of the United States">National symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_(personification)" title="Columbia (personification)">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Sam" title="Uncle Sam">Uncle Sam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_philosophy" title="American philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ideologies_in_the_United_States" title="Political ideologies in the United States">Political ideologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_United_States" title="Sexuality in the United States">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_United_States" title="Society of the United States">Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_United_States" title="Sports in the United States">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theater_in_the_United_States" title="Theater in the United States">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation in the United States">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_the_United_States" title="Video games in the United States">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_art_of_the_United_States" title="Visual art of the United States">Visual art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">Social class</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">Affluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Dream" title="American Dream">American Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">Educational attainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness in the United States">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeownership_in_the_United_States" title="Homeownership in the United States">Homeownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">Middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">Personal income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">Standard of living</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_United_States" title="Health in the United States">Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aging_of_the_United_States" title="Aging of the United States">Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare in the United States">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control_in_the_United_States" title="Birth control in the United States">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prenatal_care_in_the_United_States" title="Prenatal care in the United States">Prenatal care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospice_care_in_the_United_States" title="Hospice care in the United States">Hospice care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigrant_health_care_in_the_United_States" title="Immigrant health care in the United States">Immigrant health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_rationing_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare rationing in the United States">Rationing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_finance_in_the_United_States" title="Health care finance in the United States">Health care finance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance_costs_in_the_United_States" title="Health insurance costs in the United States">Health insurance costs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_prices_in_the_United_States" title="Health care prices in the United States">Health care prices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug_prices_in_the_United_States" title="Prescription drug prices in the United States">Prescription drug prices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_in_the_United_States" title="Disability in the United States">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Health insurance in the United States">Health insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety_in_the_United_States" title="Food safety in the United States">Food safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physician_shortage_in_the_United_States" title="Physician shortage in the United States">Physician shortage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_and_health_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty and health in the United States">Poverty and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_health_in_the_United_States" title="Race and health in the United States">Race and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_in_the_United_States" title="Obesity in the United States">Obesity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_deserts_in_the_United_States" title="Medical deserts in the United States">Medical deserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_reproductive_health_in_the_United_States" title="Women's reproductive health in the United States">Women's reproductive health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_life_expectancy" title="List of U.S. states and territories by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States" title="Capital punishment in the United States">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States" title="Crime in the United States">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incarceration_in_the_United_States" title="Incarceration in the United States">incarceration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_United_States_government" title="Criticism of the United States government">Criticism of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_the_United_States" title="Discrimination in the United States">Discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States" title="Affirmative action in the United States">affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_States" title="Antisemitism in the United States">antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Intersex rights in the United States">intersex rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia_in_the_United_States" title="Islamophobia in the United States">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United States">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_States" title="Racism in the United States">racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Racism against Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Energy policy of the United States">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental issues in the United States">Environmental issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental movement in the United States">Environmental movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_United_States" title="Climate change in the United States">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">Gun politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States" title="Mass shootings in the United States">Mass shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_in_the_United_States" title="Hunger in the United States">Hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_in_the_United_States" title="Tobacco in the United States">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Human rights in the United States">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">Immigration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">illegal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_security_of_the_United_States" title="National security of the United States">National security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_States" title="Terrorism in the United States">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opioid_epidemic_in_the_United_States" title="Opioid epidemic in the United States">Opioid epidemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States" title="Separation of church and state in 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