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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="wikitable" width="250" style="font-size: 0.85em; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #DEE8F1;"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#A1C2CF" colspan="2" style="color: white;" align="center"><b>Timeline of Thrissur</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JJP_112.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/JJP_112.jpg/250px-JJP_112.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/JJP_112.jpg/375px-JJP_112.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/JJP_112.jpg/500px-JJP_112.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1880" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B0BFD5" width="20%" align="center"><b>Year</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#B0BFD5" width="80%" align="center"><b>Event</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1200 BCE – 200 CE </td> <td>Iron Age Megalithic Culture </td></tr> <tr> <td>2nd–1st century BCE </td> <td>Rise of <a href="/wiki/Muziris" title="Muziris">Muziris</a> as a port </td></tr> <tr> <td>1st–3rd centuries CE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> coins of the period found </td></tr> <tr> <td>800–1124 </td> <td>Rule of Perumals of <a href="/wiki/Mahodayapuram" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahodayapuram">Mahodayapuram</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>855 </td> <td>Sthanu Ravi inscription at <a href="/wiki/Koodalmanikyam_Temple" title="Koodalmanikyam Temple">Koodalmanikyam Temple</a> at <a href="/wiki/Irinjalakuda" title="Irinjalakuda">Irinjalakuda</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>930 </td> <td>Kota Ravi inscriptions at Avittathur </td></tr> <tr> <td>1000 </td> <td>Jewish Copper plate issued at <a href="/wiki/Mahodayapuram" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahodayapuram">Mahodayapuram</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1024 </td> <td>Rajasimha inscription at Thazhekad </td></tr> <tr> <td>1036 </td> <td>Rajasimha inscription at <a href="/wiki/Thiruvanchikulam_Temple" title="Thiruvanchikulam Temple">Thiruvanchikulam Temple</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11th century </td> <td>Inscription at <a href="/wiki/Vadakkumnathan_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Vadakkumnathan Temple">Vadakkumnathan Temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1225 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Syrian Christian</a> copper plate issued by Vira Raghava of <a href="/wiki/Perumpadapu_Swaroopam" class="mw-redirect" title="Perumpadapu Swaroopam">Perumpadapu Swaroopam</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1523 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> Fort at <a href="/wiki/Cranganore" class="mw-redirect" title="Cranganore">Cranganore</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1599 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Syrian Christian</a> priests from <a href="/wiki/Palayoor" class="mw-redirect" title="Palayoor">Palayoor</a> and Mattom take part in the <a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Diamper" title="Synod of Diamper">Synod of Diamper</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1606, 1677, 1681 </td> <td>Inscriptions at <a href="/wiki/Palayoor" class="mw-redirect" title="Palayoor">Palayoor</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1710 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch</a> control over Chettuva </td></tr> <tr> <td>1750–1762 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zamorin" title="Zamorin">Zamorin</a>'s occupation of <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1789 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a>'s occupation of <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1790–1805 </td> <td>Rule of Rama Varma, <a href="/wiki/Sakthan_Thampuran" title="Sakthan Thampuran">Sakthan Thampuran</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1791 </td> <td>Treaty between <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Cochin</a> and the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> by which <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cochin" title="Kingdom of Cochin">Kingdom of Cochin</a> became a vassal of the company </td></tr> <tr> <td>1794 </td> <td>Fortifications around the <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a> town by <a href="/wiki/Sakthan_Thampuran" title="Sakthan Thampuran">Sakthan Thampuran</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1800 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Cochin</a> State placed under the <a href="/wiki/Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras">Madras</a> Government </td></tr> <tr> <td>1814 </td> <td>Construction of the <a href="/wiki/Mart_Mariam_Big_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Mart Mariam Big Church">Mart Mariam Big Church</a> at <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1816 </td> <td>The first known map of <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a> prepared by John Gould </td></tr> <tr> <td>1889 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Thomas_College,_Thrissur" title="St. Thomas College, Thrissur">St. Thomas College, Thrissur</a> founded </td></tr> <tr> <td>1921 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a> made a municipality </td></tr> <tr> <td>1925 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Legislative_Council" title="Cochin Legislative Council">Cochin Legislative Council</a> with elected members from <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1925, 1927 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi">Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi</a> visits <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1935 </td> <td>Labour Brotherhood in <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1936 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Cochin</a> State Congress founded </td></tr> <tr> <td>1936 </td> <td>Electricity agitation </td></tr> <tr> <td>1940 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Cochin</a> Karshakasabha founded </td></tr> <tr> <td>1941 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Cochin</a> State Prajamandal </td></tr> <tr> <td>1947 </td> <td>Temple entry allowed in <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Cochin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1949 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a>-<a href="/wiki/Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochin">Cochin</a> State comes into existence </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 July 1949 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thrissur_district" title="Thrissur district">Thrissur district</a> was formed </td></tr> <tr> <td>1956 </td> <td>Formation of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> State </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Thrissur</b> (<a href="/wiki/Malayalam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam language">Malayalam</a>: <span lang="ml">തൃശൂർ</span>) is the administrative capital of <a href="/wiki/Thrissur_district" title="Thrissur district">Thrissur District</a>, in the central part of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> state, India. Thrissur district was formed on 1 July 1949. It is an important cultural centre, and is known as the Cultural Capital of Kerala. It is famous for the <a href="/wiki/Thrissur_Pooram" title="Thrissur Pooram">Thrissur Pooram</a> festival, one of the most colourful and spectacular temple festival of Kerala. From ancient times, <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a> has been politically, economically and culturally significant to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>. It has opened the gates for <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a> and English. According to tradition, Thrissur is where <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> entered the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>. Local Christian tradition holds that <a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas the Apostle</a> arrived in 52 CE, and Muslim tradition states that <a href="/wiki/Methala" title="Methala">Methala</a> is the location of country's first mosque.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pre-history">Pre-history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Thrissur&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Pre-history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Megalithic_Menhir_at_Ramavarmapuram_Kerala_(DSC_9208).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Megalithic_Menhir_at_Ramavarmapuram_Kerala_%28DSC_9208%29.JPG/220px-Megalithic_Menhir_at_Ramavarmapuram_Kerala_%28DSC_9208%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Megalithic_Menhir_at_Ramavarmapuram_Kerala_%28DSC_9208%29.JPG/330px-Megalithic_Menhir_at_Ramavarmapuram_Kerala_%28DSC_9208%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Megalithic_Menhir_at_Ramavarmapuram_Kerala_%28DSC_9208%29.JPG/440px-Megalithic_Menhir_at_Ramavarmapuram_Kerala_%28DSC_9208%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3474" data-file-height="3053" /></a><figcaption>Megalithic Menhir at Ramavarmapuram Kerala</figcaption></figure> <p>Starting from the <a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a>, Thrissur must have been the site of human settlement. This is evidenced by the presence of a megalithic monuments at <a href="/wiki/Ramavarmapuram" title="Ramavarmapuram">Ramavarmapuram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuttur_Census_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuttur Census Town">Kuttoor</a>, Cherur and Villadam.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Hindu_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Hindu-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ramavarmapuram monument is in granite and is of <a href="/wiki/Menhir" title="Menhir">Menhir</a> type. The monument in Ramavarmapuram is 15 feet height and 12 feet 4 inches broad. From 1944, it is under the protection of Department of Archaeology. The monument is locally known as 'Padakkallu' or 'Pulachikkallu'. These menhirs are memorials for the departed souls put up at burial sites. They belong to the Megalithic Age of Kerala, which is roughly estimated between 1000 BCE and 500 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All such monuments have not been dated exactly. Some experts are of the view that these are the remnants of the Neolithic Age in the development of human technology. The Ramavarmapuram Menhir is also believed to be a monument belonging to the Sangam period in the South Indian history.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other monolithic monuments like <a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">dolmens</a> and rock-cut caves are at Porkulam, Chiramanengad, Eyyal, Kattakambal and Kakkad. The monument excavated under Archaeologist BK Thapar, between 1949 and 1950, was under the Department of Archaeology.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Hindu_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Hindu-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another megalithic monument is situated at Ariyannur in Thrissur.<sup id="cite_ref-Students_prepare_manual_on_flora_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Students_prepare_manual_on_flora-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chera_Dynasty">Chera Dynasty</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Thrissur&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Chera Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muziris">Muziris</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Thrissur&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Muziris"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Muziris" title="Muziris">Muziris</a> (1st century BCE), is a lost port city in Kodungallur and was a major center of trade in Kerala between the <a href="/wiki/Chera_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Chera Empire">Chera Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Search_for_India's_ancient_city_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Search_for_India's_ancient_city-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muziris (Cranganore) was destroyed by massive <a href="/wiki/Flood" title="Flood">flooding</a> of the river <a href="/wiki/Periyar_River" title="Periyar River">Periyar</a> in 1341, opening a new port called Kochi.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muziris was also known as Mahodayapuram, Shinkli, Muchiri (anglicised to Muziris) and Muyirikkodu. It is known as 'Vanchi' to locals.<sup id="cite_ref-Search_for_India's_ancient_city_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Search_for_India's_ancient_city-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muziris opened the gates for Arabs, Romans, Portuguese, Dutch and English to <a href="/wiki/Indian_sub_continent" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian sub continent">Indian sub continent</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_East_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="South East Asia">South East Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was famous as a major port for trade and commerce for more than 2,500 years. </p><p>There has always been a lot of confusion about the exact location of the port, as also about other aspects of it. For long it was considered to be <a href="/wiki/Kodungalloor" class="mw-redirect" title="Kodungalloor">Kodungalloor</a>. However, in 1983, a large hoard of Roman coins was found at a site around 10 km from a place called <a href="/wiki/Pattanam" title="Pattanam">Pattanam</a>, some distance away from <a href="/wiki/Kodungalloor" class="mw-redirect" title="Kodungalloor">Kodungalloor</a>. Excavations carried out from 2004 to 2009 at <a href="/wiki/Pattanam" title="Pattanam">Pattanam</a> has revealed evidence that may point out the exact position of Muziris.<sup id="cite_ref-Search_for_India's_ancient_city_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Search_for_India's_ancient_city-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hindu.com_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hindu.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hunting_for_Muziris_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunting_for_Muziris-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hinduonnet.com_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hinduonnet.com-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This suggests that Muziris was a port of great international fame and that <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a> was involved in active trade with several civilizations of <a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">West Asia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> with the port as a means to do so. </p><p>While there is a consensus on that both the port and the city ceased to exist around the middle of the 13th century, possibly following an earthquake (or the great flood of 1341 recorded in history, which caused the change of course of <a href="/wiki/Periyar_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Periyar river">Periyar river</a>), there does not seem to be clear evidence as to when the port might have first come into being. Presently, researchers seem to be agreed on that the port was already a bustling center of trade by 500 BCE, and there is some evidence that suggests that Muziris was a city, even if not certainly a port as well, from before 1500 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is called 'Murachipatanam' in Sanskrit and Muchiri in Tamil. Later it was also called as Makothai, Mahodayapuram, Mahodayapattanam. The port was familiar to the author of the <a href="/wiki/Periplus_of_the_Erythraean_Sea" title="Periplus of the Erythraean Sea">Periplus of the Erythraean Sea</a> who described it as being situated on <i>Pseudostomos</i> river (Ψευδόστομος: <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> for "false mouth" – a precise translation of the <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> description of the mouth of the Periyar, <i>Alimukam</i>) 3 km from its mouth. According to the Periplus, numerous Greek seamen managed an intense trade with Muziris:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Then come Naura and Tyndis, the first markets of <a href="/wiki/Damirica" class="mw-redirect" title="Damirica">Damirica</a> (Limyrike), and then Muziris and Nelcynda, which are now of leading importance. Tyndis is of the <a href="/wiki/Chera_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Chera Dynasty">Kingdom of Cerobothra</a>; it is a village in plain sight by the sea. Muziris, of the same Kingdom, abounds in ships sent there with cargoes from Arabia, and by the Greeks; it is located on a river, distant from Tyndis by river and sea five hundred stadia, and up the river from the shore twenty stadia" – <small>The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, 53–54</small></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arrival_of_Christianity_(51–52)"><span id="Arrival_of_Christianity_.2851.E2.80.9352.29"></span>Arrival of Christianity (51–52)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Thrissur&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Arrival of Christianity (51–52)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/St_Thomas_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="St Thomas Christians">indigenous church of Kerala</a> has a tradition that St. Thomas sailed there to spread the Christian faith. He landed at the ancient port of <a href="/wiki/Muziris" title="Muziris">Muziris</a>. He then went to <a href="/wiki/Palayoor" class="mw-redirect" title="Palayoor">Palayoor</a> (near present-day <a href="/wiki/Guruvayoor" class="mw-redirect" title="Guruvayoor">Guruvayoor</a>), which was a Hindu priestly community at that time. He left Palayoor in 52 for the southern part of what is now <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> State, where he established the <i>Ezharappallikal</i>, or "<a href="/wiki/Seven_and_Half_Churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven and Half Churches">Seven and Half Churches</a>". These churches are at <a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Kodungallur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niranam" title="Niranam">Niranam</a>, Nilackal (<a href="/wiki/Chayal" class="mw-redirect" title="Chayal">Chayal</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kokkamangalam" title="Kokkamangalam">Kokkamangalam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kottakkavu_Mar_Thoma_Syro-Malabar_Pilgrim_Church,_North_Paravur" class="mw-redirect" title="Kottakkavu Mar Thoma Syro-Malabar Pilgrim Church, North Paravur">Kottakkavu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palayoor" class="mw-redirect" title="Palayoor">Palayoor</a> (Chattukulangara) and <a href="/wiki/Thiruvithancode" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiruvithancode">Thiruvithancode</a> Arappally – the half church.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arrival_of_Islam_(7th_century)"><span id="Arrival_of_Islam_.287th_century.29"></span>Arrival of Islam (7th century)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Thrissur&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Arrival of Islam (7th century)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Mappila" class="mw-redirect" title="Mappila">Kerala Muslim</a> tradition, the town of <a href="/wiki/Methala" title="Methala">Methala</a> (now a part of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Kodungallur municipality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thrissur_district" title="Thrissur district">Thrissur district</a>) was the location of the <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_India" title="Islam in India">first mosque in India</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cheraman_Juma_Mosque" title="Cheraman Juma Mosque">Cheraman Juma Mosque</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lamp_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lamp-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-solomon_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solomon-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Legend_of_Cheraman_Perumals" class="mw-redirect" title="Legend of Cheraman Perumals">legend of Cheraman Perumals</a> states that the last ruler of the Chera dynasty mandated its construction after converting to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> sometime during the lifetime of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_prophet" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic prophet">Islamic prophet</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> (c. 570–632).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kupferschmidt1987_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kupferschmidt1987-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to legend, it was built by <a href="/wiki/Malik_Deenar" class="mw-redirect" title="Malik Deenar">Malik Deenar</a> with the help of the native king who was in throne that time, Persian <a href="/wiki/Tabiun" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabiun">tābiʿūn</a> of Muhammad.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lamp_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lamp-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-solomon_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solomon-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its construction date is said to be sometime between 624 and 629 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-SimpsonKresse2008_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SimpsonKresse2008-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Raṇṭattāṇi2007_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raṇṭattāṇi2007-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This construction date would make it the oldest <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosque</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> which is still in use,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the second-oldest mosque in the world to offer <a href="/wiki/Jumu%27ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumu'ah">Jumu'ah</a> prayers.<sup id="cite_ref-BT_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BT-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bodies of some of his Muhammad's original followers are said to be buried here.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Arabic manuscript <i><a href="/wiki/Qissat_Shakarwati_Farmad" title="Qissat Shakarwati Farmad">Qissat Shakarwati Farmad</a></i>, several more mosques were built in the Thrissur area during the era of <a href="/wiki/Malik_Dinar" title="Malik Dinar">Malik Dinar</a>, which would make them among the oldest on the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Subcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Subcontinent">Indian Subcontinent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TabulaPeutingerianaMuziris.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Muziris, as shown in the Tabula Peutingeriana"><img alt="Muziris, as shown in the Tabula Peutingeriana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/TabulaPeutingerianaMuziris.jpg/120px-TabulaPeutingerianaMuziris.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/TabulaPeutingerianaMuziris.jpg/180px-TabulaPeutingerianaMuziris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/TabulaPeutingerianaMuziris.jpg/240px-TabulaPeutingerianaMuziris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="457" data-file-height="373" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Muziris, as shown in the <a href="/wiki/Tabula_Peutingeriana" title="Tabula Peutingeriana">Tabula Peutingeriana</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palayoor_boat_jetty.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue of St. Thomas at Palayoor in Thrissur district"><img alt="Statue of St. Thomas at Palayoor in Thrissur district" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Palayoor_boat_jetty.jpg/120px-Palayoor_boat_jetty.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Palayoor_boat_jetty.jpg/180px-Palayoor_boat_jetty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Palayoor_boat_jetty.jpg/240px-Palayoor_boat_jetty.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="681" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Statue of St. Thomas at <a href="/wiki/Palayoor" class="mw-redirect" title="Palayoor">Palayoor</a> in <a href="/wiki/Thrissur_district" title="Thrissur district">Thrissur district</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cheraman_juma_masjid_Old.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A model of the original Cheraman Juma Mosque"><img alt="A model of the original Cheraman Juma Mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Cheraman_juma_masjid_Old.jpg/120px-Cheraman_juma_masjid_Old.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Cheraman_juma_masjid_Old.jpg/180px-Cheraman_juma_masjid_Old.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Cheraman_juma_masjid_Old.jpg/240px-Cheraman_juma_masjid_Old.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1082" data-file-height="744" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A model of the original <a href="/wiki/Cheraman_Juma_Mosque" title="Cheraman Juma Mosque">Cheraman Juma Mosque</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arrival_of_the_Portuguese_(16th_century)"><span id="Arrival_of_the_Portuguese_.2816th_century.29"></span>Arrival of the Portuguese (16th century)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Thrissur&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Arrival of the Portuguese (16th century)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Raid_on_Cranganore">Raid on Cranganore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Thrissur&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Raid on Cranganore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kerala_cities_at_time_of_Cabral_(1500).gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Kerala_cities_at_time_of_Cabral_%281500%29.gif/250px-Kerala_cities_at_time_of_Cabral_%281500%29.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Kerala_cities_at_time_of_Cabral_%281500%29.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="307" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption>India <a href="/wiki/Malabar_Coast" title="Malabar Coast">Malabar Coast</a> c. 1500</figcaption></figure> <p>Converging on Cranganore, the Portuguese-Cochinese fleet quickly disperses the Zamorin's forces on the beach with cannon fire, and then lands an amphibian assault force – some 1,000 Portuguese and 1,000 Cochinese <a href="/wiki/Nairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Nairs">Nairs</a>, who take on the rest of the Zamorin's forces in close combat. The Zamorin's forces are defeated and driven away from the city.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the meantime, the Calicut fleet of some five ships and 80 <i><a href="/wiki/Parau" title="Parau">paraus</a></i> that had been dispatched to save the city are intercepted by the idling Portuguese ships near <a href="/wiki/Pallippuram,_Ernakulam" title="Pallippuram, Ernakulam">Palliport</a> and defeated in a naval encounter.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cranganore_Fort_(1523)"><span id="Cranganore_Fort_.281523.29"></span>Cranganore Fort (1523)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Thrissur&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cranganore Fort (1523)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Thrissur&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mysorean_invasion_(1773–1790)"><span id="Mysorean_invasion_.281773.E2.80.931790.29"></span>Mysorean invasion (1773–1790)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Thrissur&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mysorean invasion (1773–1790)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Thrissur&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sakthan_Thampuran_(1790–1805)"><span id="Sakthan_Thampuran_.281790.E2.80.931805.29"></span>Sakthan Thampuran (1790–1805)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Thrissur&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sakthan Thampuran (1790–1805)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1790, Raja Rama Varma, known as <a href="/wiki/Sakthan_Thampuran" title="Sakthan Thampuran">Sakthan Thampuran</a>, became the ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cochin" title="Kingdom of Cochin">Kingdom of Cochin</a>; his ascension is seen as the beginning of the modern period in the history of <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His punishment of criminals and wrongdoers was considered harsh but helped restore peace to the country. Sakthan Thampuran had been at the helm of affairs since 1769 when all administrative authority in the <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Cochin</a> State was delegated to him by the then reigning sovereign on the initiative of the Travancore Raja and the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a> Governor. This Raja was a strong ruler and his reign was characterised by firm and vigorous administration. By the end of the 18th century, the power of the feudal chieftains had been crushed and royal authority had become supreme. Sakthan Thampuran was mainly responsible for the destruction of the power of the feudal chieftains and increase of royal power. </p><p>Another potent force in the public life of <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a> and its suburbs was the <a href="/wiki/Namboothiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Namboothiri">Namboothiri</a> community and the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Syrian Christian community</a>. A large part of the <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a> taluk was for long under the domination of the Yogiatiripppads, the ecclesiastical heads of the Vadakkunnathan and Perumanam Devaswoms. The Yogiatirippads were elected and consecrated by the <a href="/wiki/Namboothiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Namboothiri">Namboothiri</a> Yogams of the respective places. Under their leadership the <a href="/wiki/Namboothiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Namboothiri">Namboothiri</a> families of Thrissur and Perumanam were playing in active part against the ruler of <a href="/wiki/Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochin">Cochin</a> in his wars against the <a href="/wiki/Zamorin" title="Zamorin">Zamorin</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Calicut</a>. Hence after the expulsion of the <a href="/wiki/Zamorin" title="Zamorin">Zamorin</a> from <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a> in 1761, drastic action was taken against these families by the Raja of Cochin. The institution of Yogiatirippads was discontinued and the management of <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a> and Perumanam Devaswoms were taken over by the Government. The <a href="/wiki/Namboothiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Namboothiri">Namboothiri</a> Yogams were reduced to impotence. Thus the anti-feudal measures of Sakthan Thampuran coupled with the several administrative reforms introduced by him marked the end of the medieval period in the history of Cochin and ushered in the modern epoch of progress. </p><p>It may be interesting in this connection to know something about the institution of the Yogatirippad. The Yogatirippad of the Vadakkunnathan Devaswom was elected by the <a href="/wiki/Namboothiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Namboothiri">Namboothiri</a> illams of <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a> and its suburbs. The Yogatirippad was elected for life in the presence of the ruler of Cochin, local chieftains and prominent <a href="/wiki/Namboothiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Namboothiri">Namboothiri</a> from places outside <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a>. The Yogatirippad was a very powerful and influential dignitary. The last Yogatirippad was banished from Thrissur in 1763 for having joined the side of the <a href="/wiki/Zamorin" title="Zamorin">Zamorin</a> against Cochin. Sakthan Thampuran put an end to the institution of the Yogatirippad. Since then the numerous <a href="/wiki/Namboothiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Namboothiri">Namboothiri</a> illams situated in <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a> gradually became extinct. But even today there are a few Namboothiri illams in <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a> and its suburbs reminding one of those old days when the Namboothiri Yogam of <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a> along with the Perumanam Yogam exercised jurisdiction over a large portion of the present <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a> taluk. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sakthan_Thampuran" title="Sakthan Thampuran">Sakthan Thampuran</a> enjoyed good relations with the British authorities and was also a personal friend of <a href="/wiki/Dharma_Raja" title="Dharma Raja">Dharma Raja</a> of <a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sakthan_Thampuran" title="Sakthan Thampuran">Sakthan Thampuran</a> married twice. His first wife was a <a href="/wiki/Nair" title="Nair">Nair</a> lady from the reputed Vadakke Kuruppath family of <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a> (several members of the <a href="/wiki/Cochin_Royal_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochin Royal Family">Cochin Royal Family</a> later took spouses from this family) whom he married when he was 30 years old. He is said to have had a daughter from this first wife. However, this Nethyar Amma (title of the consort of the Cochin Rajah) died soon after an unhappy marriage. Thereafter the <a href="/wiki/Sakthan_Thampuran" title="Sakthan Thampuran">Sakthan Thampuran</a> remained single for a few decades, marrying again at the age of 52. The second wife of the <a href="/wiki/Sakthan_Thampuran" title="Sakthan Thampuran">Sakthan Thampuran</a> was Chummukutty Nethyar Amma of the Karimpatta family and was a talented musician and dancer of <i>Kaikottikalli</i>. She was 17 at the time of her marriage with the <a href="/wiki/Sakthan_Thampuran" title="Sakthan Thampuran">Sakthan Thampuran</a>. The marriage was without issue and within four years, <a href="/wiki/Sakthan_Thampuran" title="Sakthan Thampuran">Sakthan Thampuran</a> died. In those days the widowed Nethyar Ammas did not have any special provisions from the state and hence Chummukutty, at the age of 21, returned to her ancestral home. His palace, <a href="/wiki/Shakthan_Thampuran_Palace" title="Shakthan Thampuran Palace">Shakthan Thampuran Palace</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a> is preserved as a monument and he was responsible for developing the <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a> city and also making it the Cultural Capital of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Thrissur&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100430140709/http://business.in.com/article/boardroom/catholic-syrian-gods-own-bank/12582/1">"Catholic Syrian: God's Own Bank"</a>. <i>Forbes India</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orientalthane.com%2Farchaeology%2Fnews_2008_01_30_4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Thrissur" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiatoday.intoday.in/index.php?issueid=&id=3689&option=com_content&task=view&sectionid=21">"Iron Man's country"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iron+Man%27s+country&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiatoday.intoday.in%2Findex.php%3Fissueid%3D%26id%3D3689%26option%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26sectionid%3D21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Thrissur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/periplus.html">"Ancient History Sourcebook: The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: Travel and Trade in the Indian Ocean by a Merchant of the First Century"</a>. Paul Halsall. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140814160845/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/periplus.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ancient+History+Sourcebook%3A+The+Periplus+of+the+Erythraean+Sea%3A+Travel+and+Trade+in+the+Indian+Ocean+by+a+Merchant+of+the+First+Century&rft.pub=Paul+Halsall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fordham.edu%2Fhalsall%2Fancient%2Fperiplus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Thrissur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFT.K._Joseph1955" class="citation book cs1">T.K. Joseph (1955). <i>Six St. Thomases of South India</i>. University of California. p. 27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Six+St.+Thomases+of+South+India&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=University+of+California&rft.date=1955&rft.au=T.K.+Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Thrissur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090704083022/http://kuzhippallil.com/nsc.html">"Nasrani Syrian Christians"</a>. Kuzhippallil.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kuzhippallil.com/nsc.html">the original</a> on 4 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nasrani+Syrian+Christians&rft.pub=Kuzhippallil.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkuzhippallil.com%2Fnsc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Thrissur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRon_Geaves2017" class="citation book cs1">Ron Geaves (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H1s1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA6"><i>Islam and Britain: Muslim Mission in an Age of Empire</i></a>. Bloomsbury. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4742-7175-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4742-7175-2"><bdi>978-1-4742-7175-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+Britain%3A+Muslim+Mission+in+an+Age+of+Empire&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-4742-7175-2&rft.au=Ron+Geaves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH1s1DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Thrissur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lamp-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lamp_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lamp_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Cheraman-Juma-Masjid-A-1000-year-old-lamp-burns-in-this-mosque/articleshow/47486911.cms">"Cheraman Juma Masjid: A 1,000-year-old lamp burns in this mosque"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 31 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Cheraman+Juma+Masjid%3A+A+1%2C000-year-old+lamp+burns+in+this+mosque&rft.date=2015-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FCheraman-Juma-Masjid-A-1000-year-old-lamp-burns-in-this-mosque%2Farticleshow%2F47486911.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Thrissur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-solomon-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-solomon_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-solomon_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.outlookindia.com/article/solomon-to-cheraman/279886">"Solomon To Cheraman"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Solomon+To+Cheraman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.outlookindia.com%2Farticle%2Fsolomon-to-cheraman%2F279886&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Thrissur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonathan_Goldstein1999" class="citation book cs1">Jonathan Goldstein (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8Z6DlzyT2vwC"><i>The Jews of China</i></a>. M. E. Sharpe. p. 123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780765601049" title="Special:BookSources/9780765601049"><bdi>9780765601049</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jews+of+China&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=M.+E.+Sharpe&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780765601049&rft.au=Jonathan+Goldstein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8Z6DlzyT2vwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Thrissur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kupferschmidt1987-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kupferschmidt1987_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUri_M._Kupferschmidt1987" class="citation book cs1">Uri M. Kupferschmidt (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ChEVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA458"><i>The Supreme Muslim Council: Islam Under the British Mandate for Palestine</i></a>. Brill. pp. 458–459. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-07929-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-07929-8"><bdi>978-90-04-07929-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Supreme+Muslim+Council%3A+Islam+Under+the+British+Mandate+for+Palestine&rft.pages=458-459&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-90-04-07929-8&rft.au=Uri+M.+Kupferschmidt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DChEVAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA458&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Thrissur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SimpsonKresse2008-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SimpsonKresse2008_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdward_SimpsonKai_Kresse2008" class="citation book cs1">Edward Simpson; Kai Kresse (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w0qHKA7zEaEC&pg=PA333"><i>Struggling with History: Islam and Cosmopolitanism in the Western Indian Ocean</i></a>. Columbia University Press. p. 333. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-70024-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-70024-5"><bdi>978-0-231-70024-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Struggling+with+History%3A+Islam+and+Cosmopolitanism+in+the+Western+Indian+Ocean&rft.pages=333&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-231-70024-5&rft.au=Edward+Simpson&rft.au=Kai+Kresse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw0qHKA7zEaEC%26pg%3DPA333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Thrissur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Raṇṭattāṇi2007-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Raṇṭattāṇi2007_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHusain_Raṇṭattāṇi2007" class="citation book cs1">Husain Raṇṭattāṇi (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xlb5BrabQd8C&pg=PA179"><i>Mappila Muslims: A Study on Society and Anti Colonial Struggles</i></a>. Other Books. pp. 179–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-903887-8-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-903887-8-8"><bdi>978-81-903887-8-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mappila+Muslims%3A+A+Study+on+Society+and+Anti+Colonial+Struggles&rft.pages=179-&rft.pub=Other+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-81-903887-8-8&rft.au=Husain+Ra%E1%B9%87%E1%B9%ADatt%C4%81%E1%B9%87i&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dxlb5BrabQd8C%26pg%3DPA179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Thrissur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Mosque-in-Kerala-dates-back-to-the-Prophets-time/articleshow/48138989.cms">"Mosque in Kerala dates back to the Prophet's time"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 20 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Mosque+in+Kerala+dates+back+to+the+Prophet%27s+time&rft.date=2015-07-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fhyderabad%2FMosque-in-Kerala-dates-back-to-the-Prophets-time%2Farticleshow%2F48138989.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Thrissur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnandan2015" class="citation news cs1">Anandan, S. 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Bahrain tribune. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bahraintribune.com/ArticleDetail.asp?CategoryId=4&ArticleId=49332">the original</a> on 6 July 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World%27s+second+oldest+mosque+is+in+India&rft.pub=Bahrain+tribune&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bahraintribune.com%2FArticleDetail.asp%3FCategoryId%3D4%26ArticleId%3D49332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Thrissur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islamicvoice.com/june.2004/miscellany.htm#cjm">"Cheraman Juma Masjid A Secular Heritage"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170726021445/http://www.islamicvoice.com/june.2004/miscellany.htm#cjm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cheraman+Juma+Masjid+A+Secular+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamicvoice.com%2Fjune.2004%2Fmiscellany.htm%23cjm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Thrissur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indiatraveltimes.com/travelogue/mosque.html">"A mosque from a Hindu king"</a>. indiatravels. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181105202727/http://www.indiatraveltimes.com/travelogue/mosque.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+mosque+from+a+Hindu+king&rft.pub=indiatravels&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatraveltimes.com%2Ftravelogue%2Fmosque.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Thrissur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Prange, Sebastian R. <i>Monsoon Islam: Trade and Faith on the Medieval Malabar Coast.</i> Cambridge University Press, 2018. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Castanheda, p.272</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mathew (1997: p.14)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEducationMenon1965" class="citation book cs1">Education, Kerala (India) Department of; Menon, A. Sreedhara (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kzFuAAAAMAAJ&q=%22hereditary+Prime+Ministership+of+Cochin%22"><i>Kerala District Gazetteers: Ernakulam</i></a>. Superintendent of Government Presses.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kerala+District+Gazetteers%3A+Ernakulam&rft.pub=Superintendent+of+Government+Presses&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Education&rft.aufirst=Kerala+%28India%29+Department+of&rft.au=Menon%2C+A.+Sreedhara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkzFuAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522hereditary%2BPrime%2BMinistership%2Bof%2BCochin%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Thrissur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Histories_of_Kerala_cities" title="Template:Histories of Kerala cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Histories_of_Kerala_cities" title="Template talk:Histories of Kerala cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Histories_of_Kerala_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Histories of Kerala cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Histories_of_Kerala_cities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kerala" title="History of Kerala">Histories of Kerala cities</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kozhikode" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Kozhikode">Calicut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kannur" title="History of Kannur">Cannanore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kochi" title="History of Kochi">Cochin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kasaragod" title="History of Kasaragod">Kasargode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Malappuram" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Malappuram">Malappuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kollam" title="History of Kollam">Quilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Thalassery" title="History of Thalassery">Tellicherry</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trichur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Thiruvananthapuram" title="History of Thiruvananthapuram">Trivandrum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Thrissur" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thrissur" title="Template:Thrissur"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thrissur" title="Template talk:Thrissur"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thrissur" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thrissur"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thrissur" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chera_Dynasties" class="mw-redirect" title="Chera Dynasties">Chera Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cochin" title="Kingdom of Cochin">Kingdom of Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kerala" title="History of Kerala">History of Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakthan_Thampuran" title="Sakthan Thampuran">Sakthan Thampuran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Kodungalloor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Royal_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochin Royal Family">Cochin Royal Family</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">History of Thrissur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Administration_of_Thrissur" title="Administration of Thrissur">Administration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Prison,_Viyyur" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Prison, Viyyur">Central Prison, Viyyur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur_City_Police" title="Thrissur City Police">Thrissur City Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur_Public_Library" title="Thrissur Public Library">Thrissur Public Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrissur Metropolitan Area">Thrissur Metropolitan Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ollur_(Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ollur (Assembly constituency)">Ollur (Assembly constituency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur_Municipal_Corporation" title="Thrissur Municipal Corporation">Thrissur Municipal Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur_Lok_Sabha_constituency" title="Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency">Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur_(Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrissur (Assembly constituency)">Thrissur (Assembly constituency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakthan_Thampuran_Bio-Waste_Treatment_Plant" title="Sakthan Thampuran Bio-Waste Treatment Plant">Sakthan Thampuran Bio-Waste Treatment Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur_Urban_Development_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrissur Urban Development Authority">Thrissur Urban Development Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur_Corporation_Electricity_Department" title="Thrissur Corporation Electricity Department">Thrissur Corporation Electricity Department</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Thrissur" title="Geography of Thrissur">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thekkinkadu_Maidan" title="Thekkinkadu Maidan">Thekkinkadu Maidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadakkechira" title="Vadakkechira">Vadakkechira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanchikulam" title="Vanchikulam">Vanchikulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padinjarechira" title="Padinjarechira">Padinjarechira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilangan_Hills" title="Vilangan Hills">Vilangan Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puzhakkal_River" title="Puzhakkal River">Puzhakkal River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur_Kole_Wetlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrissur Kole Wetlands">Thrissur Kole Wetlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kerala" title="Culture of Kerala">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puli_Kali" title="Puli Kali">Puli Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aanayoottu" title="Aanayoottu">Aanayoottu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur_Pooram" title="Thrissur Pooram">Thrissur Pooram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naduvil_Madhom" title="Naduvil Madhom">Naduvil Madhom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadakke_Madhom" title="Vadakke Madhom">Vadakke Madhom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ViBGYOR_Film_Festival" title="ViBGYOR Film Festival">ViBGYOR Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edakkunni_Uthram_Vilakku" title="Edakkunni Uthram Vilakku">Edakkunni Uthram Vilakku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Saint_Raphael,_Ollur" title="Feast of Saint Raphael, Ollur">Feast of Saint Raphael, Ollur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.Sankara_Pillai_Cultural_Complex" class="mw-redirect" title="G.Sankara Pillai Cultural Complex">G.Sankara Pillai Cultural Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur_International_Film_Festival" title="Thrissur International Film Festival">Thrissur International Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Theatre_Festival_of_Kerala" title="International Theatre Festival of Kerala">International Theatre Festival of Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur_Pooram_Exhibition" title="Thrissur Pooram Exhibition">Thrissur Pooram Exhibition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Temples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramekkavu" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramekkavu">Paramekkavu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chembukkavu_Bhagavathy_Temple" title="Chembukkavu Bhagavathy Temple">Chembukkavu Bhagavathy Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanimangalam_Sastha_Temple" title="Kanimangalam Sastha Temple">Kanimangalam Sastha Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadakkunnathan_Temple" title="Vadakkunnathan Temple">Vadakkumnathan Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvambadi_Sri_Krishna_Temple" title="Thiruvambadi Sri Krishna Temple">Thiruvambadi Sri Krishna Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamukkumpally_Sastha_Temple" title="Panamukkumpally Sastha Temple">Panamukkumpally Sastha Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poonkunnam_Siva_Temple" title="Poonkunnam Siva Temple">Poonkunnam Shiva Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poonkunnam_Seetha_Ramaswamy_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Poonkunnam Seetha Ramaswamy Temple">Poonkunnam Seetha Ramaswamy Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuttankulangara_Sri_Krishna_Temple" title="Kuttankulangara Sri Krishna Temple">Kuttankulangara Sri Krishna Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Church</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euphrasia_Eluvathingal" title="Euphrasia Eluvathingal">Euphrasia Eluvathingal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart_Mariam_Big_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Mart Mariam Big Church">Mart Mariam Big Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Anthony%27s_Forane_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Anthony's Forane Church">St. Anthony's Forane Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_Dolours" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of Our Lady of Dolours">Basilica of Our Lady of Dolours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_Metropolitan_Cathedral" title="Our Lady of Lourdes Metropolitan Cathedral">Our Lady of Lourdes Metropolitan Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Thrissur" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Thrissur">Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Thrissur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Healthcare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trichur_Heart_Hospital" title="Trichur Heart Hospital">Trichur Heart Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfort_Hospital" title="Westfort Hospital">Westfort Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aswini_Hospital" title="Aswini Hospital">Aswini Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Residential areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayyanthole" title="Ayyanthole">Ayyanthole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranattukara" title="Aranattukara">Aranattukara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiyyaram" title="Chiyyaram">Chiyyaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannamkulangara" title="Kannamkulangara">Kannamkulangara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koorkenchery" title="Koorkenchery">Koorkenchery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottappuram,_Thrissur" title="Kottappuram, Thrissur">Kottappuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuriachira" title="Kuriachira">Kuriachira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuttumukku" title="Kuttumukku">Kuttumukku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laloor" title="Laloor">Laloor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannuthy" title="Mannuthy">Mannuthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Quarters" title="Mission Quarters">Mission Quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadathara" title="Nadathara">Nadathara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olarikara" title="Olarikara">Olarikara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ollur" title="Ollur">Ollur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poothole" title="Poothole">Poothole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poonkunnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Poonkunnam">Poonkunnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pullazhi" title="Pullazhi">Pullazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puzhakkal" title="Puzhakkal">Puzhakkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramavarmapuram" title="Ramavarmapuram">Ramavarmapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalore" title="Thalore">Thalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viyyoor" title="Viyyoor">Viyyoor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Thrissur" class="mw-redirect" title="List of hospitals in Thrissur">List of hospitals in Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Thrissur" title="List of people from Thrissur">List of people from Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thrissur_Corporation_wards" title="List of Thrissur Corporation wards">List of Thrissur Corporation wards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Education" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Thrissur" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Thrissur">Education</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Calicut" title="University of Calicut">University of Calicut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_University_of_Health_Sciences" title="Kerala University of Health Sciences">Kerala University of Health Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Agricultural_University" title="Kerala Agricultural University">Kerala Agricultural University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engineering <br />colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maharaja%27s_Technological_Institute" title="Maharaja's Technological Institute">Maharaja's Technological Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Engineering_College,_Thrissur" title="Government Engineering College, Thrissur">Government Engineering College, Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidya_Academy_of_Science_and_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Vidya Academy of Science and Technology">Vidya Academy of Science and Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medical colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_Medical_College,_Thrissur" title="Government Medical College, Thrissur">Government Medical College, Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubilee_Mission_Medical_College_and_Research_Institute" title="Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute">Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amala_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Amala Institute of Medical Sciences">Amala Institute of Medical Sciences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_climate_change_education_and_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy of climate change education and research">Academy of climate change education and research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Fine_Arts,_Thrissur" title="College of Fine Arts, Thrissur">College of Fine Arts, Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Horticulture" class="mw-redirect" title="College of Horticulture">College of Horticulture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Law_College,_Thrissur" title="Government Law College, Thrissur">Government Law College, Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Veterinary_College,_Mannuthy" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerala Veterinary College, Mannuthy">Kerala Veterinary College, Mannuthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Thomas_College,_Thrissur" title="St. Thomas College, Thrissur">St. Thomas College, Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_College,_Thrissur" title="St. Mary's College, Thrissur">St. Mary's College, Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sree_Kerala_Varma_College" title="Sree Kerala Varma College">Sree Kerala Varma College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Aloysius_College,_Thrissur" title="St. Aloysius College, Thrissur">St. Aloysius College, Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_C._Achutha_Menon_Government_College" title="Sri C. Achutha Menon Government College">Sri C. Achutha Menon Government College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadakke_Madham_Brahmaswam_Vedic_Research_Centre" title="Vadakke Madham Brahmaswam Vedic Research Centre">Vadakke Madham Brahmaswam Vedic Research Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimala_College" title="Vimala College">Vimala College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Lalita_Kala_Akademi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerala Lalita Kala Akademi">Kerala Lalita Kala Akademi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Dog_Training_Centre" title="Police Dog Training Centre">Police Dog Training Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Defence_Training_Institute" title="Civil Defence Training Institute">Civil Defence Training Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excise_Academy_and_Research_Centre" title="Excise Academy and Research Centre">Excise Academy and Research Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Forest_Research_Institute" title="Kerala Forest Research Institute">Kerala Forest Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Fire_and_Rescue_Services_Academy" title="Kerala Fire and Rescue Services Academy">Kerala Fire and Rescue Services Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Sahitya_Akademi" title="Kerala Sahitya Akademi">Kerala Sahitya Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Sangeetha_Nataka_Akademi" title="Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi">Kerala Sangeetha Nadaka Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_of_Science_and_Technology_for_Rural_Development" title="Centre of Science and Technology for Rural Development">Centre of Science and Technology for Rural Development</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ayurveda<br />colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaidyaratnam_Ayurveda_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaidyaratnam Ayurveda College">Vaidyaratnam Ayurveda College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Research_Institute_for_Panchakarma" class="mw-redirect" title="National Research Institute for Panchakarma">National Research Institute for Panchakarma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Economy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Thrissur" title="Economy of Thrissur">Economy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oushadhi" title="Oushadhi">Oushadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KP_Namboodiris" title="KP Namboodiris">KP Namboodiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur_Ayurveda_Cluster" title="Thrissur Ayurveda Cluster">Thrissur Ayurveda Cluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaidyaratnam_Oushadhasala" title="Vaidyaratnam Oushadhasala">Vaidyaratnam Oushadhasala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">Finance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chit_fund" title="Chit fund">Chit fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Krishna_Bank" title="Lord Krishna Bank">Lord Krishna Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Indian_Bank" title="South Indian Bank">South Indian Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Syrian_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Syrian Bank">Catholic Syrian Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Financial_Enterprise" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerala State Financial Enterprise">Kerala State Financial Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanlaxmi_Bank" title="Dhanlaxmi Bank">Dhanalakshmi Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manappuram_General_Finance_and_Leasing_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Manappuram General Finance and Leasing Ltd">Manappuram General Finance and Leasing Ltd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Retail" title="Retail">Retail</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaja_Beedi" title="Kaja Beedi">Kaja Beedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajah_Motors" title="Rajah Motors">Rajah Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalyan_Silks" title="Kalyan Silks">Kalyan Silks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalyan_Group" title="Kalyan Group">Kalyan Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalyan_Jewellers" title="Kalyan Jewellers">Kalyan Jewellers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InfoPark_Thrissur" class="mw-redirect" title="InfoPark Thrissur">InfoPark Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos_Alukka_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="Jos Alukka & Sons">Jos Alukka & Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Solvent_Extractions_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerala Solvent Extractions Ltd">Kerala Solvent Extractions Ltd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_Industries_Kerala_Limited" title="Steel Industries Kerala Limited">Steel Industries Kerala Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_and_Industrial_Forgings_Ltd" title="Steel and Industrial Forgings Ltd">Steel and Industrial Forgings Ltd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitaram_Spinning_and_Weaving_Mills" title="Sitaram Spinning and Weaving Mills">Sitaram Spinning and Weaving Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulu_Convention_Centre" title="Lulu Convention Centre">Lulu Convention Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvambady_Convention_Centre,_Thrissur" title="Thiruvambady Convention Centre, Thrissur">Thiruvambady Convention Centre, Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_business_in_Thrissur" title="Gold business in Thrissur">Gold business in Thrissur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_business_district" title="Central business district">Central<br />business district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kokkalai" title="Kokkalai">Kokkalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puzhakkal" title="Puzhakkal">Puzhakkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaraj_Round" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaraj Round">Swaraj Round</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakthan_Thampuran_Nagar" title="Sakthan Thampuran Nagar">Sakthan Thampuran Nagar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Transport" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Thrissur" title="Transport in Thrissur">Transport</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Railway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vallathol_Nagar_railway_station" title="Vallathol Nagar railway station">Vallathol Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullurkara_railway_station" title="Mullurkara railway station">Mullurkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadakkanchery_railway_station" title="Wadakkanchery railway station">Wadakkanchery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulankunnathukavu_railway_station" title="Mulankunnathukavu railway station">Mulankunnathukavu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punkunnam_railway_station" title="Punkunnam railway station">Punkunnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur_railway_station" title="Thrissur railway station">Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ollur_railway_station" title="Ollur railway station">Ollur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pudukad_railway_station" title="Pudukad railway station">Pudukad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellayi_railway_station" title="Nellayi railway station">Nellayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irinjalakuda_railway_station" title="Irinjalakuda railway station">Irinjalakuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalakudi_railway_station" title="Chalakudi railway station">Chalakudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Nagar_railway_station" title="Divine Nagar railway station">Divine Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koratty_railway_station" title="Koratty railway station">Koratty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoranur_%E2%80%93_Cochin_Harbour_section" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoranur – Cochin Harbour section">Shoranur – Cochin Harbour section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guruvayur%E2%80%93Thrissur_spur_line" title="Guruvayur–Thrissur spur line">Guruvayur–Thrissur spur line</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National highways</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_544_(India)" title="National Highway 544 (India)">National Highway 544 (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_66_(India)" title="National Highway 66 (India)">National Highway 66 (India)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State highways</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_22_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 22 (Kerala)">State Highway 22 (Kerala)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_49_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 49 (Kerala)">State Highway 49 (Kerala)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_50_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 50 (Kerala)">State Highway 50 (Kerala)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_51_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 51 (Kerala)">State Highway 51 (Kerala)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_58_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 58 (Kerala)">State Highway 58 (Kerala)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_59_(Kerala)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Highway 59 (Kerala)">State Highway 59 (Kerala)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_61_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 61 (Kerala)">State Highway 61 (Kerala)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_62_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 62 (Kerala)">State Highway 62 (Kerala)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_69_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 69 (Kerala)">State Highway 69 (Kerala)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_74_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 74 (Kerala)">State Highway 74 (Kerala)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_75_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 75 (Kerala)">State Highway 75 (Kerala)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_76_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 76 (Kerala)">State Highway 76 (Kerala)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_77_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 77 (Kerala)">State Highway 77 (Kerala)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bus stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaktan_Thampuran_Private_Bus_Stand,_Thrissur" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaktan Thampuran Private Bus Stand, Thrissur">Shaktan Thampuran Private Bus Stand, Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur_KSRTC_Bus_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrissur KSRTC Bus Station">Thrissur KSRTC Bus Station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Air</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuttanellur_Heliport" title="Kuttanellur Heliport">Kuttanellur Heliport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Thrissur" title="Category:Thrissur">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Thrissur" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Thrissur">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="x20px&#124;Seal_of_Kerala_State_of_Kerala" style="background: #e1ece4; vertical-align: middle;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #9cc1a5; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kerala" title="Template:Kerala"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kerala" title="Template talk:Kerala"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kerala" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kerala"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="x20px&#124;Seal_of_Kerala_State_of_Kerala" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banner_of_Kerala.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of Kerala"><img alt="Seal of Kerala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Banner_of_Kerala.png/36px-Banner_of_Kerala.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Banner_of_Kerala.png/54px-Banner_of_Kerala.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Banner_of_Kerala.png/71px-Banner_of_Kerala.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: none; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Kerala" title="List of districts of Kerala">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;;background: transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_district" title="Thiruvananthapuram district">Thiruvananthapuram KL-01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_district" title="Kollam district">Kollam KL-02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathanamthitta_district" title="Pathanamthitta district">Pathanamthitta KL-03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alappuzha_district" title="Alappuzha district">Alappuzha KL-04</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottayam_district" title="Kottayam district">Kottayam KL-05</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idukki_district" title="Idukki district">Idukki KL-06</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_district" title="Ernakulam district">Ernakulam KL-07</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur_district" title="Thrissur district">Thrissur KL-08</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palakkad_district" title="Palakkad district">Palakkad KL-09</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malappuram_district" title="Malappuram district">Malappuram KL-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode_district" title="Kozhikode district">Kozhikode KL-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayanad_district" title="Wayanad district">Wayanad KL-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannur_district" title="Kannur district">Kannur KL-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasaragod_district" title="Kasaragod district">Kasaragod KL-14</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Kerala" title="Category:Kerala">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;;background: #f6fbf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_of_Kerala" title="Arts of Kerala">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kerala" title="Culture of Kerala">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kerala" title="Demographics of Kerala">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kerala" title="Economy of Kerala">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Kerala" title="Education in Kerala">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_cinema" title="Malayalam cinema">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kerala" title="Geography of Kerala">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Kerala" title="Roads in Kerala"> Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ports_in_Kerala" title="Ports in Kerala"> Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kerala" title="History of Kerala">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Kerala" title="Wildlife of Kerala">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kerala" title="Government of Kerala">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Kerala" title="Tourism in Kerala">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Kerala" title="Sports in Kerala">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;;background: transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Bird</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Great_hornbill" title="Great hornbill">Great hornbill</a></dd> <dt>Animal</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Indian_elephant" title="Indian elephant">Indian elephant</a></dd> <dt>Tree</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconut</a></dd> <dt>Flower</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cassia_fistula" title="Cassia fistula">Golden rain</a></dd> <dt>Fish</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Karimeen" class="mw-redirect" title="Karimeen">Karimeen</a></dd> <dt>Fruit</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jackfruit" title="Jackfruit">Jackfruit</a></dd> <dt>Insect</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Papilio_buddha" title="Papilio buddha">Papilio buddha</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_taluks_of_Kerala" title="List of taluks of Kerala">Taluks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;;background: #f6fbf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoor" title="Adoor">Adoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alathur" title="Alathur">Alathur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluva" title="Aluva">Aluva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambalappuzha" title="Ambalappuzha">Ambalappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalakudy" title="Chalakudy">Chalakudy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changanassery" title="Changanassery">Changanassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavakkad" title="Chavakkad">Chavakkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengannur" title="Chengannur">Chengannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherthala" title="Cherthala">Cherthala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chirayinkeezhu_taluk" title="Chirayinkeezhu taluk">Chirayinkeezhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittur-Thathamangalam" title="Chittur-Thathamangalam">Chittur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devikulam" title="Devikulam">Devikulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eranad_Taluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Eranad Taluk">Eranad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosdurg_taluk" title="Hosdurg taluk">Hosdurg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idukki" class="mw-redirect" title="Idukki">Idukki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iritty_taluk" title="Iritty taluk">Iritty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanayannur" title="Kanayannur">Kanayannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanjirappally" title="Kanjirappally">Kanjirappally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannur_taluk" title="Kannur taluk">Kannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karthikappally" title="Karthikappally">Karthikappally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karunagappalli" title="Karunagappalli">Karunagappalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasaragod_taluk" title="Kasaragod taluk">Kasaragod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kattakada" title="Kattakada">Kattakada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Kodungallur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_taluk" title="Kollam taluk">Kollam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kondotty_taluk" title="Kondotty taluk">Kondotty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konni,_Kerala" title="Konni, Kerala">Konni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kothamangalam,_Kerala" title="Kothamangalam, Kerala">Kothamangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottarakkara" title="Kottarakkara">Kottarakkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottayam" title="Kottayam">Kottayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyilandy" title="Koyilandy">Koyilandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhencherry" title="Kozhencherry">Kozhencherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnamkulam" title="Kunnamkulam">Kunnamkulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnathunad" title="Kunnathunad">Kunnathunad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnathur,_Kerala" title="Kunnathur, Kerala">Kunnathur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuttanad" title="Kuttanad">Kuttanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallapally" title="Mallapally">Mallapally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mananthavady" title="Mananthavady">Mananthavady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjeshwaram_taluk" title="Manjeshwaram taluk">Manjeshwaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannarkkad" title="Mannarkkad">Mannarkkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavelikkara" title="Mavelikkara">Mavelikkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meenachil" title="Meenachil">Meenachil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukundapuram_Taluk" title="Mukundapuram Taluk">Mukundapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muvattupuzha" title="Muvattupuzha">Muvattupuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedumangad_taluk" title="Nedumangad taluk">Nedumangad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neyyattinkara_taluk" title="Neyyattinkara taluk">Neyyattinkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilambur" title="Nilambur">Nilambur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paravur_taluk" title="Paravur taluk">North Paravur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottapalam" title="Ottapalam">Ottapalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palakkad" title="Palakkad">Palakkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathanapuram" title="Pathanapuram">Pathanapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattambi" title="Pattambi">Pattambi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payyanur_taluk" title="Payyanur taluk">Payyanur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peermade" title="Peermade">Peermade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perinthalmanna_taluk" title="Perinthalmanna taluk">Perinthalmanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponnani_taluk" title="Ponnani taluk">Ponnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punalur" title="Punalur">Punalur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranni,_Kerala" title="Ranni, Kerala">Ranni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Bathery" title="Sultan Bathery">Sultan Bathery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliparamba_taluk" title="Taliparamba taluk">Taliparamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalapilly" title="Thalapilly">Thalapilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalassery" title="Thalassery">Thalassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thamarassery" title="Thamarassery">Thamarassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalla" title="Thiruvalla">Thiruvalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_Taluk" title="Thiruvananthapuram Taluk">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thodupuzha" title="Thodupuzha">Thodupuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirur_Taluk" title="Tirur Taluk">Tirur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirurangadi_Taluk_Office" title="Tirurangadi Taluk Office">Tirurangadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udumbanchola" title="Udumbanchola">Udumbanchola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikom" title="Vaikom">Vaikom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varkala" title="Varkala">Varkala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatakara" title="Vatakara">Vatakara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellarikundu_Taluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Vellarikundu Taluk">Vellarikundu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vythiri" title="Vythiri">Vythiri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipal_corporations_in_Kerala" title="List of municipal corporations in Kerala">Municipal corporations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;;background: transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_Corporation" title="Thiruvananthapuram Corporation">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode_Municipal_Corporation" title="Kozhikode Municipal Corporation">Kozhikode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochi_Municipal_Corporation" title="Kochi Municipal Corporation">Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam_Municipal_Corporation" title="Kollam Municipal Corporation">Kollam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur_Municipal_Corporation" title="Thrissur Municipal Corporation">Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannur_Municipal_Corporation" title="Kannur Municipal Corporation">Kannur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Kerala" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities of Kerala">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;;background: #f6fbf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoor" title="Adoor">Adoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthoor" title="Anthoor">Anthoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alappuzha" title="Alappuzha">Alappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluva" title="Aluva">Aluva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angamaly" title="Angamaly">Angamaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attingal" title="Attingal">Attingal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalakudy" title="Chalakudy">Chalakudy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changanassery" title="Changanassery">Changanassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavakkad" title="Chavakkad">Chavakkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengannur" title="Chengannur">Chengannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherthala" title="Cherthala">Cherthala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittur-Thathamangalam" title="Chittur-Thathamangalam">Chittur-Thathamangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eloor" title="Eloor">Eloor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guruvayur" title="Guruvayur">Guruvayur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irinjalakuda" title="Irinjalakuda">Irinjalakuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iritty" title="Iritty">Iritty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamassery" title="Kalamassery">Kalamassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpetta" title="Kalpetta">Kalpetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanhangad" title="Kanhangad">Kanhangad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karunagappalli" title="Karunagappalli">Karunagappalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasaragod" title="Kasaragod">Kasaragod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kattappana" title="Kattappana">Kattappana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayamkulam" title="Kayamkulam">Kayamkulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Kodungallur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kondotty" title="Kondotty">Kondotty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuthuparamba" title="Kuthuparamba">Kuthuparamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kothamangalam,_Kerala" title="Kothamangalam, Kerala">Kothamangalam, Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottakkal" title="Kottakkal">Kottakkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottarakkara" title="Kottarakkara">Kottarakkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottayam" title="Kottayam">Kottayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyilandy" title="Koyilandy">Koyilandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnamkulam" title="Kunnamkulam">Kunnamkulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malappuram" title="Malappuram">Malappuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjeri" title="Manjeri">Manjeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maradu" title="Maradu">Maradu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattanur" title="Mattanur">Mattanur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavelikkara" title="Mavelikkara">Mavelikkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muvattupuzha" title="Muvattupuzha">Muvattupuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedumangad" title="Nedumangad">Nedumangad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neyyattinkara" title="Neyyattinkara">Neyyattinkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilambur" title="Nilambur">Nilambur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nileshwaram" title="Nileshwaram">Nileshwaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Paravur" title="North Paravur">North Paravur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottapalam" title="Ottapalam">Ottapalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pala,_Kerala" title="Pala, Kerala">Pala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palakkad" title="Palakkad">Palakkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panoor" title="Panoor">Panoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parappanangadi" title="Parappanangadi">Parappanangadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paravur,_Kollam" title="Paravur, Kollam">Paravur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathanamthitta" title="Pathanamthitta">Pathanamthitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payyanur" title="Payyanur">Payyanur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perinthalmanna" title="Perinthalmanna">Perinthalmanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perumbavoor" title="Perumbavoor">Perumbavoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponnani" title="Ponnani">Ponnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punalur" title="Punalur">Punalur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoranur" title="Shoranur">Shoranur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sreekandapuram" title="Sreekandapuram">Sreekandapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanur,_Malappuram" title="Tanur, Malappuram">Tanur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalassery" title="Thalassery">Thalassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliparamba" title="Taliparamba">Taliparamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalla" title="Thiruvalla">Thiruvalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thodupuzha" title="Thodupuzha">Thodupuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrikkakkara" title="Thrikkakkara">Thrikkakkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrippunithura" title="Thrippunithura">Thrippunithura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirur" title="Tirur">Tirur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirurangadi" title="Tirurangadi">Tirurangadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valanchery" title="Valanchery">Valanchery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatakara" title="Vatakara">Vatakara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikom" title="Vaikom">Vaikom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varkala" title="Varkala">Varkala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;">Other towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;;background: transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edappal" title="Edappal">Edappal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thavanur" title="Thavanur">Thavanur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthanathani" title="Puthanathani">Puthanathani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottakkal" title="Kottakkal">Kottakkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angadipuram" title="Angadipuram">Angadipuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mankada" title="Mankada">Mankada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuttippuram" title="Kuttippuram">Kuttippuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karipur" title="Karipur">Karipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areekode" title="Areekode">Areekode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandoor,_Kerala" title="Wandoor, Kerala">Wandoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vengara,_Malappuram_district" title="Vengara, Malappuram district">Vengara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallikkunnu" title="Vallikkunnu">Vallikkunnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olavanna" title="Olavanna">Olavanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnamangalam" title="Kunnamangalam">Kunnamangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thamarassery" title="Thamarassery">Thamarassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvambady" title="Thiruvambady">Thiruvambady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodencheri" title="Kodencheri">Kodencheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balussery" title="Balussery">Balussery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perambra" title="Perambra">Perambra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadapuram" title="Nadapuram">Nadapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuttiady" title="Kuttiady">Kuttiady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakkidi,_Wayanad" title="Lakkidi, Wayanad">Lakkidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vythiri" title="Vythiri">Vythiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chundale" title="Chundale">Chundale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meppadi" title="Meppadi">Meppadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottappadi_Part,_Meppadi" title="Kottappadi Part, Meppadi">Kottappadi Part</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muttil,_Kalpetta" title="Muttil, Kalpetta">Muttil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padinharethara" title="Padinharethara">Padinharethara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meenangadi" title="Meenangadi">Meenangadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamaram" title="Panamaram">Panamaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulpally" title="Pulpally">Pulpally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peravoor" title="Peravoor">Peravoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharmadom" title="Dharmadom">Dharmadom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjarakkandy" title="Anjarakkandy">Anjarakkandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzhappilangad" title="Muzhappilangad">Muzhappilangad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azhikode_and_Azhikkal" title="Azhikode and Azhikkal">Azhikode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherukunnu" title="Cherukunnu">Cherukunnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pappinisseri" title="Pappinisseri">Pappinisseri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalliasseri" title="Kalliasseri">Kalliasseri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irikkur" title="Irikkur">Irikkur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alakode,_Kannur_district" title="Alakode, Kannur district">Alakode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrikaripur" title="Thrikaripur">Thrikaripur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheruvathur" title="Cheruvathur">Cheruvathur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekal" title="Bekal">Bekal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udma" title="Udma">Udma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellarikundu" title="Vellarikundu">Vellarikundu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parappa_(village)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parappa (village)">Parappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karadka" title="Karadka">Karadka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbla" title="Kumbla">Kumbla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalpady" title="Mangalpady">Mangalpady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppala" title="Uppala">Uppala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjeshwar" title="Manjeshwar">Manjeshwar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peermade" title="Peermade">Peermade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandiperiyar" title="Vandiperiyar">Vandiperiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumily" title="Kumily">Kumily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajakkad" title="Rajakkad">Rajakkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munnar" title="Munnar">Munnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devikulam" title="Devikulam">Devikulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adimali" title="Adimali">Adimali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolenchery" title="Kolenchery">Kolenchery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthencruz" title="Puthencruz">Puthencruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnathunad" title="Kunnathunad">Kunnathunad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalady" title="Kalady">Kalady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayattoor" title="Malayattoor">Malayattoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chottanikkara" title="Chottanikkara">Chottanikkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udayamperoor" title="Udayamperoor">Udayamperoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varappuzha" title="Varappuzha">Varappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sreemoolanagaram" title="Sreemoolanagaram">Sreemoolanagaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedumbassery" title="Nedumbassery">Nedumbassery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mala,_Kerala" title="Mala, Kerala">Mala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodakara" title="Kodakara">Kodakara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthukkad" title="Puthukkad">Puthukkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manaloor" title="Manaloor">Manaloor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavaratty" title="Pavaratty">Pavaratty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelakkara" title="Chelakkara">Chelakkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadakkencherry" title="Vadakkencherry">Vadakkencherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alathur" title="Alathur">Alathur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemmara" title="Nemmara">Nemmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthunagaram" title="Puthunagaram">Puthunagaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malampuzha" title="Malampuzha">Malampuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sreekrishnapuram,_Palakkad" title="Sreekrishnapuram, Palakkad">Sreekrishnapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakkidi,_Palakkad" title="Lakkidi, Palakkad">Lakkidi-Perur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrithala" title="Thrithala">Thrithala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parassala" title="Parassala">Parassala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaramapuram" title="Balaramapuram">Balaramapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kattakada" title="Kattakada">Kattakada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chirayinkeezhu" title="Chirayinkeezhu">Chirayinkeezhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilimanoor" title="Kilimanoor">Kilimanoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parippally" title="Parippally">Parippally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chathannoor" title="Chathannoor">Chathannoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottiyam" title="Kottiyam">Kottiyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundara" title="Kundara">Kundara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neendakara" title="Neendakara">Neendakara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chavara" title="Chavara">Chavara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oachira" title="Oachira">Oachira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasthamkotta" title="Sasthamkotta">Sasthamkotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnathur,_Kerala" title="Kunnathur, Kerala">Kunnathur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchal" title="Anchal">Anchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadakkal" title="Kadakkal">Kadakkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathanapuram" title="Pathanapuram">Pathanapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thenmala" title="Thenmala">Thenmala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulathupuzha" title="Kulathupuzha">Kulathupuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhencherry" title="Kozhencherry">Kozhencherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konni,_Kerala" title="Konni, Kerala">Konni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranni,_Kerala" title="Ranni, Kerala">Ranni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallapally" title="Mallapally">Mallapally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbanad" title="Kumbanad">Kumbanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranmula" title="Aranmula">Aranmula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulanada" title="Kulanada">Kulanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omallur" title="Omallur">Omallur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadasserikara" title="Vadasserikara">Vadasserikara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parumala" title="Parumala">Parumala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannar,_Alappuzha" title="Mannar, Alappuzha">Mannar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charummoodu" title="Charummoodu">Charummoodu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambalappuzha" title="Ambalappuzha">Ambalappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mararikulam" title="Mararikulam">Mararikulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aroor" title="Aroor">Aroor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanjirappally" title="Kanjirappally">Kanjirappally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erumely" title="Erumely">Erumely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundakayam" title="Mundakayam">Mundakayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vazhoor" title="Vazhoor">Vazhoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karukachal" title="Karukachal">Karukachal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampady" title="Pampady">Pampady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthuppally,_Kottayam" title="Puthuppally, Kottayam">Puthuppally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuravilangad" title="Kuravilangad">Kuravilangad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzhavoor" title="Uzhavoor">Uzhavoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalayolaparambu" title="Thalayolaparambu">Thalayolaparambu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaduthuruthy" title="Kaduthuruthy">Kaduthuruthy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #cde0d2; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Kerala#Subdivisions" title="Kerala">Historical regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent; text-align: left/center;;background: #f6fbf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolathunadu" title="Kolathunadu">Kolathunadu (Kingdom of Cannanore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamorin" title="Zamorin">Zamorin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_District" title="Malabar District">Malabar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Malabar" title="North Malabar">North Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Malabar" title="South Malabar">South Malabar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cochin" title="Kingdom of Cochin">Cochin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venad_(kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Venad (kingdom)">Venad (kingdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travancore" title="Travancore">Travancore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travancore%E2%80%93Cochin" title="Travancore–Cochin">Travancore–Cochin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #9CC1A5; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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