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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Distribution of roads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution_of_roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_highways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_highways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>National highways</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-National_highways-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle National highways subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-National_highways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Six-laning_of_National_Highways_in_Kerala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Six-laning_of_National_Highways_in_Kerala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Six-laning of National Highways in Kerala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Six-laning_of_National_Highways_in_Kerala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_highways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_highways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>State highways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_highways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_District_Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_District_Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Major District Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_District_Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>City roads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stakeholders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stakeholders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Stakeholders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stakeholders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proposed_or_under_construction_roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposed_or_under_construction_roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Proposed or under construction roads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proposed_or_under_construction_roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Roads in the Indian state</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edappally_Junction_to_Aroor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Edappally_Junction_to_Aroor.jpg/220px-Edappally_Junction_to_Aroor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Edappally_Junction_to_Aroor.jpg/330px-Edappally_Junction_to_Aroor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Edappally_Junction_to_Aroor.jpg/440px-Edappally_Junction_to_Aroor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4504" data-file-height="3003" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edappally" title="Edappally">Edappally</a> - <a href="/wiki/Aroor" title="Aroor">Aroor</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_66_(India)" title="National Highway 66 (India)"> NH 66</a> near <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, a state in Southern <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, has a network of 11 <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Highways_in_India#Kerala" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Highways in India">National Highways</a>, 72 <a href="/wiki/Kerala_state_highways" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerala state highways">State Highways</a> and many district roads. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Road_Network_Kerala.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Road_Network_Kerala.svg/300px-Road_Network_Kerala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="387" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Road_Network_Kerala.svg/450px-Road_Network_Kerala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Road_Network_Kerala.svg/600px-Road_Network_Kerala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="919" /></a><figcaption>The Network of National Highways in Kerala<a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/7/9.8/75.7/en" data-zoom="7" data-lat="9.8" data-lon="75.7" data-overlays="["_f745ba1d82b77281f74d21246c9ff02cb566491e"]">Map</a></figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roads_in_Kerala&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lulumalltrivandrum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Lulumalltrivandrum.jpg/220px-Lulumalltrivandrum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Lulumalltrivandrum.jpg/330px-Lulumalltrivandrum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Lulumalltrivandrum.jpg/440px-Lulumalltrivandrum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4640" data-file-height="2610" /></a><figcaption>A highway at <a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Kerala has 331,904 kilometres (206,236 mi) of roads, which accounts for 5.6% of India's total.<sup id="cite_ref-eco_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eco-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-road_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-road-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This translates to about 9.94 kilometres (6.18 mi) of road per thousand people, compared to an average of 4.87 kilometres (3.03 mi) in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-eco_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eco-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-road_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-road-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roads in Kerala include 1,812 kilometres (1,126 mi) of national highway; 1.6% of the nation's total, 4,342 kilometres (2,698 mi) of state highway; 2.5% of the nation's total, 27,470 kilometres (17,070 mi) of district roads; 4.7% of the nation's total, 33,201 kilometres (20,630 mi) of urban (municipal) roads; 6.3% of the nation's total, and 158,775 kilometres (98,658 mi) of rural roads; 3.8% of the nation's total.<sup id="cite_ref-:16-17_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-17-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of Kerala's west coast is accessible through the <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_66_(India)" title="National Highway 66 (India)">NH 66</a> (previously NH 17 and 47); and the eastern side is accessible through state highways.<sup id="cite_ref-Kerala_PWD_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerala_PWD-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New projects for hill and coastal highways were recently announced under <a href="/wiki/Kerala_Infrastructure_Investment_Fund_Board" title="Kerala Infrastructure Investment Fund Board">KIIFB</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> National Highway 66, with the longest stretch of road (1,622 kilometres (1,008 mi)) connects <a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari" title="Kanyakumari">Kanyakumari</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>; it enters Kerala via <a href="/wiki/Talapady" class="mw-redirect" title="Talapady">Talapady</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kasargod" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasargod">Kasargod</a> and passes through <a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Kannur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malappuram" title="Malappuram">Malappuram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guruvayur" title="Guruvayur">Guruvayur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alappuzha" title="Alappuzha">Alappuzha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a> before entering <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kerala_PWD_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerala_PWD-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Palakkad_district" title="Palakkad district">Palakkad district</a> is generally referred to as the Gateway of Kerala, due to the presence of the <a href="/wiki/Palakkad_Gap" title="Palakkad Gap">Palakkad Gap</a> in the Western Ghats, through which the northern (<a href="/wiki/Malabar_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Malabar region">Malabar</a>) and southern (Travancore) parts of Kerala are connected to the rest of India via road and rail. The state's largest checkpoint, <a href="/wiki/Walayar" title="Walayar">Walayar</a>, is on <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_544_(India)" title="National Highway 544 (India)">NH 544</a>, in the border town between Kerala and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>, through which a large amount of public and commercial transportation reaches the northern and central districts of Kerala.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kottayam_district" title="Kottayam district">Kottayam</a> has the maximum length of roads among the <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Kerala" title="List of districts of Kerala">districts of Kerala</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Wayanad" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayanad">Wayanad</a> accounts for minimum.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandran2018422_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandran2018422-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_of_roads">Distribution of roads</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roads_in_Kerala&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Distribution of roads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Agency-wise by distribution</b><sup id="cite_ref-http://spb.kerala.gov.in/images/er/er14/Chapter5/chapter05.html_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-http://spb.kerala.gov.in/images/er/er14/Chapter5/chapter05.html-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Sl. No.</th> <th>Name of Department/Agency</th> <th>Length (KM)</th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Panchayati_raj" title="Panchayati raj">Panchayats</a></td> <td>265421.120</td> <td>80.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Public_Works_Department" title="Kerala Public Works Department">PWD</a> (R&B)</td> <td>31811.601</td> <td>9.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>Municipalities</td> <td>18411.870</td> <td>2.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>Corporation</td> <td>6644</td> <td>4.381 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Forest_and_Wildlife_Department" title="Kerala Forest and Wildlife Department">Forests</a></td> <td>4575.770</td> <td>1.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>Irrigation</td> <td>2611.900</td> <td>0.79 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Highways_Authority_of_India" title="National Highways Authority of India">National Highways</a>†</td> <td>1568.0</td> <td>0.47 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>Others (Railways,<a href="/wiki/Kerala_State_Electricity_Board" title="Kerala State Electricity Board">KSEB</a>)</td> <td>328</td> <td>0.09 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Total</td> <td>331372.261</td> <td>100 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><sub>†<a href="/wiki/NHAI" class="mw-redirect" title="NHAI">NHAI</a> maintains 444.9 km and Kerala PWD (NH) section maintains rest of the National Highways from direction of <a href="/wiki/MORTH" class="mw-redirect" title="MORTH">MoRTH</a></sub> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_highways">National highways</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roads_in_Kerala&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: National highways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kollam_Bypass,_Feb_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kollam_Bypass%2C_Feb_2020.jpg/220px-Kollam_Bypass%2C_Feb_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kollam_Bypass%2C_Feb_2020.jpg/330px-Kollam_Bypass%2C_Feb_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kollam_Bypass%2C_Feb_2020.jpg/440px-Kollam_Bypass%2C_Feb_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3146" data-file-height="2132" /></a><figcaption>NH-66 <a href="/wiki/Kollam_Bypass" title="Kollam Bypass">Kollam Bypass</a> near <a href="/wiki/Thrikkadavoor" title="Thrikkadavoor">Kadavoor</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Kerala has eight National Highways which run for about 1811.52 km. Kerala has narrower National Highways compared to other parts of India. Kerala is the only state, other than Goa, which has requested for narrower highways in the state. <a href="/wiki/NHAI" class="mw-redirect" title="NHAI">NHAI</a> upgrades highways to a minimum 4-lane, 60-meter-wide, grade-separated highway or a better standard across India. But in Kerala, National Highways are being upgraded to 45-meter-wide highways.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previous Kerala State Government had requested the NHAI to reduce the width of National highways in the state to 30-meters, although neighbouring Karnataka and Tamil Nadu are upgrading their National Highways as 60-meters or more wider highways, with futuristic provision for 6/8-lane highway.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reason cited by the State Government was the difficulty and disinterest in Land Acquisition, which is the responsibility of the State Government. NHAI had stopped working on many of the highway widening/upgrade projects as there are opposition from the local population for highway widening. Among Kerala's <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Kerala" title="List of districts of Kerala">districts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_district" title="Ernakulam district">Ernakulam</a> has the maximum length of National Highway, which accounts for 172.76 km.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandran2018422_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandran2018422-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wayanad" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayanad">Wayanad</a> has the minimum length of National Highway in Kerala.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChandran2018422_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChandran2018422-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Government has taken steps to develop the <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_66" class="mw-redirect" title="National Highway 66">NH 66</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kasargod" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasargod">Kasargod</a> to <a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a>) into six lane. But, proposed six lane highways with 45 m Right of Way in Kerala will not have the wide medians to help the trucks and large vehicles to take the U-Turn without blocking the high speed traffic, which is a common feature in other parts of India.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wider median also helps to block the opposite side vehicle headlamp with plants. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Six-laning_of_National_Highways_in_Kerala">Six-laning of National Highways in Kerala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roads_in_Kerala&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Six-laning of National Highways in Kerala"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kerala's first four lane National Highway is the <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_66_(India)" title="National Highway 66 (India)">NH 66</a> stretch between <a href="/wiki/Cherthala" title="Cherthala">Cherthala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aroor" title="Aroor">Aroor</a> and first six lane National Highway is the <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_544_(India)" title="National Highway 544 (India)">NH 544</a> stretch between <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vadakkencherry" title="Vadakkencherry">Vadakkencherry</a>. Kerala's first and biggest six lane tunnel highway is also on this stretch at <a href="/wiki/Kuthiran" title="Kuthiran">Kuthiran</a>. It is the part of <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a> -<a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a>-<a href="/wiki/Palakkad" title="Palakkad">Palakkad</a>- <a href="/wiki/Walayar" title="Walayar">Walayar</a> stretch of <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_544_(India)" title="National Highway 544 (India)">NH 544</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thrissur_sixlane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Thrissur_sixlane.jpg/220px-Thrissur_sixlane.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Thrissur_sixlane.jpg/330px-Thrissur_sixlane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Thrissur_sixlane.jpg/440px-Thrissur_sixlane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="473" /></a><figcaption>NH-544 Six lane <a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a> - <a href="/wiki/Vadakkencherry" title="Vadakkencherry">Vadakkencherry</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GKN_Chamravattom_Regulator_Bridge_DSC_0446.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/GKN_Chamravattom_Regulator_Bridge_DSC_0446.JPG/220px-GKN_Chamravattom_Regulator_Bridge_DSC_0446.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/GKN_Chamravattom_Regulator_Bridge_DSC_0446.JPG/330px-GKN_Chamravattom_Regulator_Bridge_DSC_0446.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/GKN_Chamravattom_Regulator_Bridge_DSC_0446.JPG/440px-GKN_Chamravattom_Regulator_Bridge_DSC_0446.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1140" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chamravattom_Regulator-cum-Bridge" title="Chamravattom Regulator-cum-Bridge">Chamravattom Regulator-cum-Bridge</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ponnani" title="Ponnani">Ponnani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malappuram_district" title="Malappuram district">Malappuram</a>, the largest Regulator-cum-bridge in the state, is built over the river <a href="/wiki/Bharathappuzha" title="Bharathappuzha">Bharathappuzha</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Bharatmala" title="Bharatmala">Bharatmala Pariyojana</a> has identified 418 km of national highway and State highway stretches in Kerala. Keeping in view a futuristic approach, it has been decided that the land for any 4/6-lane highway road will be acquired with a right of way (RoW) of 60 m irrespective of the width of the carriageway.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kerala has not been allocated Greenfield 8-lane <a href="/wiki/Controlled-access_highway" title="Controlled-access highway">access-controlled expressways</a> like other south Indian states as part of <a href="/wiki/Bharatmala" title="Bharatmala">Bharatmala Pariyojana</a>, as many brownfield projects of <a href="/wiki/National_Highways_Development_Project" title="National Highways Development Project">NHDP</a> projects have still not started. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Palakkad" title="Palakkad">Palakkad</a>—<a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a>—<a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a> stretch of <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_544_(India)" title="National Highway 544 (India)">NH 544</a> is a part of <a href="/wiki/North-South_and_East-West_Corridor" class="mw-redirect" title="North-South and East-West Corridor">North-South and East-West Corridor</a> of the Indian highway system. Due to the previous land acquisition crisis, NHAI had also stopped the feasibility study of the project under <a href="/wiki/NHDP" class="mw-redirect" title="NHDP">NHDP</a>–Phase-III scheme in the stretch of NH 66 earlier, but has begun again after the strict demand of present Chief Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was a proposal for construction of standalone ring road/bypasses around Thiruvananthapuram City under NHDP Phase VII. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>S.No. </th> <th>New NH No. </th> <th>NHDP Phase </th> <th>Agency </th> <th>OSM Relation </th> <th>Route </th> <th>Length (km.) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_66_(India)" title="National Highway 66 (India)">NH 66</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NHDP" class="mw-redirect" title="NHDP">NHDP</a>–Phase-III </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Highways_Authority_of_India" title="National Highways Authority of India">NHAI</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openstreetmap.org/relation/5828181">5828181</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thalappady,_Kasaragod" title="Thalappady, Kasaragod">Thalappady</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Kannur</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ernakulam" title="Ernakulam">Ernakulam</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a>-<a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a>-<a href="/wiki/Parassala" title="Parassala">Parassala</a> </td> <td>669.437 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_544_(India)" title="National Highway 544 (India)">NH 544</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NHDP" class="mw-redirect" title="NHDP">NHDP</a>–Phase-II </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Highways_Authority_of_India" title="National Highways Authority of India">NHAI</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openstreetmap.org/relation/5804290">5804290</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Walayar" title="Walayar">Walayar</a>-<a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ernakulam" title="Ernakulam">Ernakulam</a> </td> <td>160 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_85_(India)" title="National Highway 85 (India)">NH 85</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NHDP" class="mw-redirect" title="NHDP">NHDP</a>–Phase-IV<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Public_Works_Department" title="Kerala Public Works Department">Kerala PWD</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openstreetmap.org/relation/5830968">5830968</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bodimettu" title="Bodimettu">Bodimettu</a> - <a href="/wiki/Kundannoor" title="Kundannoor">Kundannoor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernakulam" title="Ernakulam">Ernakulam</a> </td> <td>167.61 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_183_(India)" title="National Highway 183 (India)">NH 183</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NHDP" class="mw-redirect" title="NHDP">NHDP</a>–Phase-IV </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Public_Works_Department" title="Kerala Public Works Department">Kerala PWD</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openstreetmap.org/relation/11548489">11548489</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a>-<a href="/wiki/Anchalumoodu" title="Anchalumoodu">Anchalumoodu</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kundara" title="Kundara">Kundara</a>-<a href="/wiki/Chengannur" title="Chengannur">Chengannur</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kottayam" title="Kottayam">Kottayam</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kanjirapalli" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanjirapalli">Kanjirapalli</a>-<a href="/wiki/Peermade" title="Peermade">Peermade</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kumily" title="Kumily">Kumily</a> </td> <td>190.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_183A_(India)" title="National Highway 183A (India)">NH 183A</a> </td> <td>New NH </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Public_Works_Department" title="Kerala Public Works Department">Kerala PWD</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openstreetmap.org/relation/5830954">5830954</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Panmana" title="Panmana">Kollam Titanium Jn.</a>-<a href="/wiki/Sasthamkotta" title="Sasthamkotta">Sasthamkotta</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pathanamthitta" title="Pathanamthitta">Pathanamthitta</a>-<a href="/wiki/Perunad" title="Perunad">Perunad</a>-<a href="/wiki/Gavi,_Kerala" title="Gavi, Kerala">Gavi</a>-<a href="/wiki/Vandiperiyar" title="Vandiperiyar">Vandiperiyar</a> </td> <td>145 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_185_(India)" title="National Highway 185 (India)">NH 185</a> </td> <td>New NH </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Public_Works_Department" title="Kerala Public Works Department">Kerala PWD</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openstreetmap.org/relation/5830973">5830973</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adimali" title="Adimali">Adimali</a> -<a href="/wiki/Cheruthoni" title="Cheruthoni">Cheruthoni</a>- <a href="/wiki/Painavu" title="Painavu">Painavu</a> -<a href="/wiki/Kumily" title="Kumily">Kumily</a> <a href="/wiki/NH_183" class="mw-redirect" title="NH 183">NH 183</a> </td> <td>98 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NH_744" class="mw-redirect" title="NH 744">NH 744</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NHDP" class="mw-redirect" title="NHDP">NHDP</a>–Phase-IV </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Public_Works_Department" title="Kerala Public Works Department">Kerala PWD</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openstreetmap.org/relation/5804338">5804338</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a> - <a href="/wiki/Punalur" title="Punalur">Punalur</a> -<a href="/wiki/Aryankavu" title="Aryankavu">Aryankavu</a> </td> <td>81.28 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NH_766" class="mw-redirect" title="NH 766">NH 766</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NHDP" class="mw-redirect" title="NHDP">NHDP</a>–Phase-IV </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Public_Works_Department" title="Kerala Public Works Department">Kerala PWD</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openstreetmap.org/relation/5828352">5828352</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a> - <a href="/wiki/Muthanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Muthanga">Muthanga</a> </td> <td>117.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Outer_Ring_Road,_Thiruvananthapuram" title="Outer Ring Road, Thiruvananthapuram">NH 866</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NHDP" class="mw-redirect" title="NHDP">NHDP</a>- Phase VII </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Highways_Authority_of_India" title="National Highways Authority of India">NHAI</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Outer_Area_Growth_Corridor" class="mw-redirect" title="Outer Area Growth Corridor">Thiruvananthapuram Outer Ring Road</a> </td> <td>80 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NH_966" class="mw-redirect" title="NH 966">NH 966</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NHDP" class="mw-redirect" title="NHDP">NHDP</a>–Phase-IV </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Public_Works_Department" title="Kerala Public Works Department">Kerala PWD</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openstreetmap.org/relation/5828374">5828374</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramanattukara" title="Ramanattukara">Ramanattukara</a> - <a href="/wiki/Palakkad" title="Palakkad">Palakkad</a> </td> <td>125.304 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_966A_(India)" title="National Highway 966A (India)">NH 966A</a> </td> <td>Port Connectivity </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Highways_Authority_of_India" title="National Highways Authority of India">NHAI</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openstreetmap.org/relation/5828385">5828385</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalamassery" title="Kalamassery">Kalamassery</a> - <a href="/wiki/Vallarpadam" title="Vallarpadam">Vallarpadam</a> </td> <td>17 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_966B_(India)" title="National Highway 966B (India)">NH 966B</a> </td> <td>Port Connectivity </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Highways_Authority_of_India" title="National Highways Authority of India">NHAI</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openstreetmap.org/relation/5828387">5828387</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kundannoor" title="Kundannoor">Kundannoor</a> - <a href="/wiki/Willington_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Willington Island">Willington Island</a> </td> <td>5.92 </td></tr> <tr> <th>- </th> <th>- </th> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th>- </th> <th>Total </th> <th>1811.52 km </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="State_highways">State highways</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roads_in_Kerala&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: State highways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SH_KL_59.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/SH_KL_59.svg/150px-SH_KL_59.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/SH_KL_59.svg/225px-SH_KL_59.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/SH_KL_59.svg/300px-SH_KL_59.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="601" /></a><figcaption> Longest <a href="/wiki/Hill_Highway_(Kerala)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill Highway (Kerala)">State highway</a> in Kerala <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/5671426">View at OpenStreetMap</a> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kuttikkanam-Elappara_State_Highway,_7_Apr_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Kuttikkanam-Elappara_State_Highway%2C_7_Apr_2023.jpg/220px-Kuttikkanam-Elappara_State_Highway%2C_7_Apr_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Kuttikkanam-Elappara_State_Highway%2C_7_Apr_2023.jpg/330px-Kuttikkanam-Elappara_State_Highway%2C_7_Apr_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Kuttikkanam-Elappara_State_Highway%2C_7_Apr_2023.jpg/440px-Kuttikkanam-Elappara_State_Highway%2C_7_Apr_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Kuttikkanam-Elappara State Highway</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_State_Highways_in_Kerala" class="mw-redirect" title="List of State Highways in Kerala">List of State Highways in Kerala</a></div> <p>There are 72 <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Highway (India)">state highways</a> in Kerala. Of them, <a href="/wiki/MC_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="MC Road">MC Road</a> (Main-Central Road), proposed <a href="/wiki/Hill_Highway_(Kerala)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill Highway (Kerala)">Hill Highway (Kerala)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Main_Eastern_Highway" title="Main Eastern Highway">Main Eastern Highway</a> are the largest. The respective State Highway number is displayed on the top of all milestones (black in colour in green background) on the respective road. </p><p>The <b>State Road Improvement Project</b> (SRIP) envisages to improve and upgrade 1200 km of State Highways and Major District Roads to enhance the capacity and riding quality with proper maintenance plan, road safety and reducing the expenditure on periodic maintenance. The project is implemented by Road Infrastructure Company Kerala (RICK) Ltd. <b>Road Infrastructure Company Kerala Limited</b> (RICK) was incorporated in March 2012 as a Special Purpose Vehicle with paid up capital contributed by Government of Kerala (51%) and Kerala Road Fund Board (49%).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 29 road sections totalling to a length of 469 km has identified for rehabilitation improvements by the company. Rehabilitation project include strengthening/reconstruction of pavement/structure, junction improvements, provision of road furniture, bus bay byes and other traffic management measures. The company plans to upgrade 32 roads of 644 km. Upgrades involve widening the carriageway with paved shoulder (1.5 m on either side), widening of narrow CD works, geometric improvements, junction improvements, identifying the grade separation requirements, etc. </p><p><b>Sustainable and Planned Effort to Ensure Infrastructure Development (SPEEID) KERALA</b> - Kerala government have formulated the project of constructing flyovers, bridges and roads at selected areas in the state in order to reduce the increasing traffic congestion. The project named as ‘SPEEID KERALA’ comprises 23 projects at the estimated cost of `10,000 Crore. The Kerala Road Fund Board (KRFB), the special purpose vehicle under the PWD, had been entrusted with the task of mobilizing funds for the projects. Work of 5 projects are in progress.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b>Kerala State Transport Project</b>, costing 336 million US dollars (Rs 1612 crores) - of which <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> financing is US $255 million (Rs 1224 crores) and State's contribution is US $79.00 million(Rs 388 crores), aims to improve traffic flow and road safety on Kerala State's primary road network, and to strengthen the institutional and financial capacity of Kerala's key transport sector agencies. The KSTP was designed to upgrade 581 km and cover 1000 km under maintenance in two Phases. However, due to several reasons including delay in land acquisition, only 254 km of Phase I road was upgraded and maintenance works for 1180 km were carried out from June 2002 and December 2009. The KSTP phase 2 envisages upgrading 363 km of SH and MDR, Road Safety Management and Institutional Strengthening of PWD. The total Project cost is 445 million USD out of which 216 million USD is loan assistance from World Bank. </p><p><b>District-wise SH length of roads</b> <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Sl.No </th> <th>Name of District </th> <th>State Highways </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>Thiruvananthapuram </td> <td>180.36 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>Kollam </td> <td>123.79 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>Alappuzha </td> <td>170.841 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>Pathanamthitta </td> <td>249.194 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>Kottayam </td> <td>406.531 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>Idukki </td> <td>998.372 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td>Ernakulam </td> <td>325.206 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td>Thrissur </td> <td>374.033 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td>Palakkad </td> <td>245.987 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td>Malappuram </td> <td>374.764 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td>Kozhikode </td> <td>377.173 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td>Wayanad </td> <td>128.955 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td>Kannur </td> <td>244.665 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td>Kasaragode </td> <td>141.78 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Total† </td> <td>4341.651 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><sub>†Maintained by PWD (R&B) as on 31-3-2015</sub> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_District_Road">Major District Road</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roads_in_Kerala&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Major District Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kerala_MDR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Kerala_MDR.jpg/220px-Kerala_MDR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Kerala_MDR.jpg/330px-Kerala_MDR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Kerala_MDR.jpg/440px-Kerala_MDR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1263" data-file-height="484" /></a><figcaption>Kerala Major District Road</figcaption></figure><p>Major district roads (MDRs) are interconnecting major towns and economic centers within a district. They are developed and maintained by the <a href="/wiki/Kerala_Public_Works_Department" title="Kerala Public Works Department">Kerala State Public Works Department</a>. The PWD (Roads Wing) is tasked with the matters of MDRs & SH.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="wikitable sortable" style="line-height:20px;text-align:center;"> <caption>District-wise MDR length of roads<sup id="cite_ref-eco_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eco-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">District </th> <th colspan="2">Major District Road (MDR) in km </th></tr> <tr> <th><span class="nowrap">District wise map of Kerala</span> </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Length </th> <th>MDR per 10,000 people </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="15"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Political_map_of_Kerala.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Political_map_of_Kerala.svg/300px-Political_map_of_Kerala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="416" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Political_map_of_Kerala.svg/450px-Political_map_of_Kerala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Political_map_of_Kerala.svg/600px-Political_map_of_Kerala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1205" data-file-height="1671" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kasaragod_district" title="Kasaragod district">Kasaragod</a> </td> <td>1460.66 </td> <td>11.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kannur_district" title="Kannur district">Kannur</a> </td> <td>2265.24 </td> <td>9.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wayanad_district" title="Wayanad district">Wayanad</a> </td> <td>1029.31 </td> <td>12.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode_district" title="Kozhikode district">Kozhikode</a> </td> <td>2454.64 </td> <td>8.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malappuram_district" title="Malappuram district">Malappuram</a> </td> <td>2680.15 </td> <td>6.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Palakkad_district" title="Palakkad district">Palakkad</a> </td> <td>2184.7 </td> <td>7.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thrissur_district" title="Thrissur district">Thrissur</a> </td> <td>2064.21 </td> <td>6.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ernakulam_district" title="Ernakulam district">Ernakulam</a> </td> <td>3085.28 </td> <td>9.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Idukki_district" title="Idukki district">Idukki</a> </td> <td>2867.36 </td> <td>25.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kottayam_district" title="Kottayam district">Kottayam</a> </td> <td>3456.2 </td> <td>17.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alappuzha_district" title="Alappuzha district">Alappuzha</a> </td> <td>2031.4 </td> <td>9.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pathanamthitta_district" title="Pathanamthitta district">Pathanamthitta</a> </td> <td>1472.33 </td> <td>12.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kollam_district" title="Kollam district">Kollam</a> </td> <td>2202.86 </td> <td>8.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram_district" title="Thiruvananthapuram district">Thiruvananthapuram</a> </td> <td>2557.74 </td> <td>7.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th>Total† </th> <th>31812.1 </th> <th>9.5 </th></tr> </tbody></table> <p><sub>†Maintained by PWD (R&B) as in 2019-20</sub> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="City_roads">City roads</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roads_in_Kerala&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: City roads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Port_Road_UC_in_Kollam,_Oct_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Port_Road_UC_in_Kollam%2C_Oct_2016.jpg/220px-Port_Road_UC_in_Kollam%2C_Oct_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Port_Road_UC_in_Kollam%2C_Oct_2016.jpg/330px-Port_Road_UC_in_Kollam%2C_Oct_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Port_Road_UC_in_Kollam%2C_Oct_2016.jpg/440px-Port_Road_UC_in_Kollam%2C_Oct_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Port_Road,_Kollam" title="Port Road, Kollam">Port Road</a> - A major city road in <a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The government is planning to improve all the major city roads in Kerala.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roads in <a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alappuzha" title="Alappuzha">Alappuzha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kottayam" title="Kottayam">Kottayam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malappuram" title="Malappuram">Malappuram</a> and <a href="/wiki/Punalur" title="Punalur">Punalur</a> city roads will get some major facelifts through this project.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Check the roads in kerala<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> videos here. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stakeholders">Stakeholders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roads_in_Kerala&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Stakeholders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Public_Works_Department" title="Kerala Public Works Department">Kerala Public Works Department</a> (PWD) - The main state government agency concerned with the development and maintenance of State Highways, Major District Roads, certain portions of National Highways, and other important roads in Kerala.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_Authority_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="National Highway Authority of India">National Highway Authority of India</a> (NHAI)- The NHAI under <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Road_Transport_and_Highways" title="Ministry of Road Transport and Highways">Ministry of Road Transport and Highways</a>, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> is responsible for the development and maintenance of <a href="/wiki/National_highways_of_India" title="National highways of India">National Highways</a> in Kerala.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Kerala" title="Local government in Kerala">Local self government institutions</a>- The local bodies such as Gram Panchayats, Block Panchayats and District Panchayats responsible for development and maintenance of rural roads and municipalities and corporations for urban roads.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proposed_or_under_construction_roads">Proposed or under construction roads</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roads_in_Kerala&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Proposed or under construction roads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kochi%E2%80%93Theni_Greenfield_Highway" title="Kochi–Theni Greenfield Highway">Kochi–Theni Greenfield Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angamaly%E2%80%93Kundannoor_Bypass" class="mw-redirect" title="Angamaly–Kundannoor Bypass">Angamaly–Kundannoor Bypass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram%E2%80%93Kasaragod_Coastal_Highway" title="Thiruvananthapuram–Kasaragod Coastal Highway">Thiruvananthapuram–Kasaragod Coastal Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram%E2%80%93Angamaly_Greenfield_Highway" title="Thiruvananthapuram–Angamaly Greenfield Highway">Thiruvananthapuram–Angamaly Greenfield Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_Highway_(Kerala)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill Highway (Kerala)">Thiruvananthapuram–Kasaragod Hill Highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Ring_Road,_Thiruvananthapuram" title="Outer Ring Road, Thiruvananthapuram">Outer Ring Road, Thiruvananthapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palakkad%E2%80%93Kozhikode_Greenfield_Highway" title="Palakkad–Kozhikode Greenfield Highway">Palakkad–Kozhikode Greenfield Highway</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roads_in_Kerala&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Infrastructure_Investment_Fund_Board" title="Kerala Infrastructure Investment Fund Board">Kerala Infrastructure Investment Fund Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kerala" title="Economy of Kerala">Economy of Kerala</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roads_in_Kerala&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-eco-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eco_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eco_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eco_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Kerala2021" class="citation book cs1">Government of Kerala (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spb.kerala.gov.in/sites/default/files/2021-01/English-Vol-1_0.pdf"><i>Economic Review 2020 - Volume I</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Chandran, Managing Editor, Mathrubhumi Printing & Publishing Company Limited, Kozhikode.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mathrubhumi+Yearbook+Plus+-+2019&rft.place=Kozhikode&rft.edition=Malayalam&rft.pub=P.+V.+Chandran%2C+Managing+Editor%2C+Mathrubhumi+Printing+%26+Publishing+Company+Limited%2C+Kozhikode&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Chandran&rft.aufirst=VP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoads+in+Kerala" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <p><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roads_in_Kerala&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kerala_State_Highways" title="Template:Kerala State Highways"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kerala_State_Highways" title="Template talk:Kerala State Highways"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kerala_State_Highways" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kerala State Highways"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kerala_State_Highways" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Kerala State Highways</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_State_Highways_in_Kerala" class="mw-redirect" title="List of State Highways in Kerala">State Highways</a><br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_1_(Kerala)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Highway 1 (Kerala)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_2_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 2 (Kerala)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_3_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 3 (Kerala)">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_5_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 5 (Kerala)">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_6_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 6 (Kerala)">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_7_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 7 (Kerala)">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_8_(Kerala)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Highway 8 (Kerala)">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_9_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 9 (Kerala)">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_10_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 10 (Kerala)">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_11_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 11 (Kerala)">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_12_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 12 (Kerala)">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_14_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 14 (Kerala)">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_15_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 15 (Kerala)">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_16_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 16 (Kerala)">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_17_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 17 (Kerala)">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_18_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 18 (Kerala)">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_19_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 19 (Kerala)">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_21_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 21 (Kerala)">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_22_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 22 (Kerala)">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_23_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 23 (Kerala)">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_25_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 25 (Kerala)">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_26_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 26 (Kerala)">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_27_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 27 (Kerala)">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_28_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 28 (Kerala)">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_29_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 29 (Kerala)">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_30_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 30 (Kerala)">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_31_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 31 (Kerala)">31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_32_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 32 (Kerala)">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_33_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 33 (Kerala)">33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_34_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 34 (Kerala)">34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_36_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 36 (Kerala)">36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_37_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 37 (Kerala)">37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_38_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 38 (Kerala)">38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_39_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 39 (Kerala)">39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_40_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 40 (Kerala)">40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_41_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 41 (Kerala)">41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_42_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 42 (Kerala)">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_43_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 43 (Kerala)">43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_44_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 44 (Kerala)">44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_45_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 45 (Kerala)">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_46_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 46 (Kerala)">46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_47_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 47 (Kerala)">47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_48_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 48 (Kerala)">48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_49_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 49 (Kerala)">49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_50_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 50 (Kerala)">50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_51_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 51 (Kerala)">51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_52_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 52 (Kerala)">52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_53_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 53 (Kerala)">53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_54_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 54 (Kerala)">54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_55_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 55 (Kerala)">55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_56_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 56 (Kerala)">56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_57_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 57 (Kerala)">57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_58_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 58 (Kerala)">58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_59_(Kerala)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Highway 59 (Kerala)">59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_60_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 60 (Kerala)">60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_61_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 61 (Kerala)">61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_62_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 62 (Kerala)">62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_63_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 63 (Kerala)">63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_64_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 64 (Kerala)">64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_65_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 65 (Kerala)">65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_66_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 66 (Kerala)">66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_67_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 67 (Kerala)">67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_68_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 68 (Kerala)">68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_69_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 69 (Kerala)">69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_70_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 70 (Kerala)">70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_71_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 71 (Kerala)">71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_72_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 72 (Kerala)">72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_73_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 73 (Kerala)">73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_74_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 74 (Kerala)">74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_75_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 75 (Kerala)">75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_76_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 76 (Kerala)">76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_77_(Kerala)" title="State Highway 77 (Kerala)">77</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roads in Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Public_Works_(Kerala)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Public Works (Kerala)">Department of Public Works (Kerala)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_and_Bridges_Development_Corporation" title="Roads and Bridges Development Corporation">Roads and Bridges Development Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/7/9.8/75.7/en" data-zoom="7" data-lat="9.8" data-lon="75.7" data-overlays="["_4aec6291f4dadf7e3b6fdcd9b17d5b65bb44667b"]">Map</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spb.kerala.gov.in/images/er/er15/index.html">"Economic Review 2015"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20200604112700/http://www.spb.kerala.gov.in/images/er/er15/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Economic+Review+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spb.kerala.gov.in%2Fimages%2Fer%2Fer15%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoads+in+Kerala" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roads_in_Kerala&oldid=1251524936">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roads_in_Kerala&oldid=1251524936</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Roads_in_Kerala" title="Category:Roads in Kerala">Roads in Kerala</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_September_2019" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2019">Articles with dead external links from September 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_October_2021" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from October 2021">Articles with dead external links from October 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_April_2018" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from April 2018">Articles with dead external links from April 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2019" title="Category:Use dmy dates from July 2019">Use dmy dates from July 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Indian_English_from_July_2019" title="Category:Use Indian English from July 2019">Use Indian English from July 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Indian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Kartographer extension">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 October 2024, at 16:02<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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