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[{"id":95792609,"identifier":"Attachment_95792609","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":92907084,"created_at":"2022-12-14T16:15:49.382-08:00","from_world_paper_id":222848931,"updated_at":"2024-11-26T06:07:24.321-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Wiley","grobid_abstract":"In late November 1917, Lord Lansdowne, one of the most senior of British Unionist politicians, wrote a letter to the editor of the Daily Telegraph. The letter asked for the war aims of the Entente and the USA to be \"coordinated\" and suggested that a moderate revision of war aims might bring a negotiated peace nearer. The letter appeared to ally Lansdowne with the British Radicals, who had been close to President Wilson (until April 1917), and had argued for a negotiated peace to end the war since the autumn of 1916. The letter was ferociously denounced by the Northcliffe press, and by many of Lansdowne's Unionist colleagues. It was supposedly a \"plea for surrender\" and \"a national misfortune\". Nevertheless, it touched off a series of new departures in the search for a negotiated settlement: House's visit to the inter Allied Conference in December, the Labour War Aims Memorandum, Lloyd George's Caxton Hall speech, Wilson's Fourteen Points Address, and the beginning of a public parley with the Central Powers in the replies of Hertling and Czernin in January 1918. The paper examines the possibilities for a negotiated peace during the winter of 1917-1918, that is, in the period between the publication of Lansdowne's famous letter and the sudden Versailles \"Knockout Blow\" Declaration of February 1918 which rejected out of hand any prospect of negotiation. The paper examines Wilson's ambiguous position in this debate, and in particular the evolution of moderate opinion inside Germany in reaction to these events. The paper suggests the unfortunate enfeeblement of moderate opinion in Germany in the face of the apparent triumph of \"knockout blow\" opinion in the Entente camp. a series of articles on the problem of a negotiated peace by offering the argument that there was no real hope because \"the compromise peace terms of each side were such that the other would only accept them after a crushing defeat\"; see his \"","publication_date":"2002,,","publication_name":"Australian Journal of Politics \u0026 History","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"95792609"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"The Lansdowne “Peace Letter” of 1917 and the Prospect of Peace by Negotiation with Germany","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [30474915]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":95792609,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “The Lansdowne “Peace Letter” of 1917 and the Prospect of Peace by Negotiation with Germany”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/95792609/mini_magick20221215-1-1y8ofh9.png?1671138066" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">The Lansdowne “Peace Letter” of 1917 and the Prospect of Peace by Negotiation with Germany</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30474915" href="https://westernsydney.academia.edu/DouglasNewton"><img alt="Profile image of Douglas Newton" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/30474915/23456971/28779711/s65_douglas.newton.jpg" />Douglas Newton</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2002, Australian Journal of Politics & History</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">24 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 92907084; 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The letter asked for the war aims of the Entente and the USA to be “coordinated” and suggested that a moderate revision of war aims might bring a negotiated peace nearer. The letter appeared to ally Lansdowne with the British Radicals, who had been close to President Wilson (until April 1917), and had argued for a negotiated peace to end the war since the autumn of 1916. The letter was ferociously denounced by the Northcliffe press, and by many of Lansdowne’s Unionist colleagues. It was suppposedly a “plea for surrender” and “a national misfortune”. Nevertheless, it touched off a series of new departures in the search for a negotiated settlement: House’s visit to the inter Allied Conference in December, the Labour War Aims Memorandum, Lloyd George’s Caxton Hall speech, Wilson’s Fourteen Points Address, and the beginning of a public parley with the Central Powers in the replies of Hertling and Czernin in January 1918. The paper examines the possibilities for a negotiated peace during the winter of 1917-1918, that is, in the period between the publication of Lansdowne’s famous letter and the sudden Versailles “Knockout Blow” Declaration of February 1918, which rejected out of hand any prospect of negotiation. The paper examines Wilson’s ambiguous position in this debate, and in particular the evolution of moderate opinion inside Germany in reaction to these events. The paper suggests the unfortunate enfeeblement of moderate opinion in Germany in the face of the apparent triumph of “knockout blow” opinion in the Entente camp.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Lansdowne \"Peace Letter\" of 1917 and the Prospect of Peace by Negotiation with Germany 1","attachmentId":60243288,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40044628/The_Lansdowne_Peace_Letter_of_1917_and_the_Prospect_of_Peace_by_Negotiation_with_Germany_1","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40044628/The_Lansdowne_Peace_Letter_of_1917_and_the_Prospect_of_Peace_by_Negotiation_with_Germany_1"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="39004877" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39004877/_2019_Peace_to_end_Peace_review_of_Herward_Sieberg_and_Christa_Zorn_eds_The_Anglo_German_Correspondence_of_Vernon_Lee_and_Irene_Forbes_Mosse_During_World_War_I_and_A_Sharp_Versailles_1919_Haus_Dublin_Review_of_Books_Issue_111_May">(2019) 'Peace to end Peace' review of Herward Sieberg and Christa Zorn eds, 'The Anglo-German Correspondence of Vernon Lee and Irene Forbes-Mosse During World War I' & A. Sharp, 'Versailles:1919' (Haus), Dublin Review of Books, Issue 111, May.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33273489" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AngusMitchell8">Angus S C Mitchell</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Dublin Review of Books, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">"An appeal to the Intellectuals of Europe" is the title of a brief essay written by the philosopher Bertrand Russell to introduce a collection of anti-war writings called Justice in WarTime (1915). Russell's view was uncomplicated: the war forced people to make a choice between principles and patriotism. Those, like himself, who chose principles, experienced war in a very different way from most of their fellow citizens. As the conflict dragged on, the actions of those who stood firm to their beliefs swerved into the realm of treason. But what made Russell particularly critical of the national psychology of patriotism was the development of indelible myths to do with both the origins, aims and potential outcomes of the violence. Russell was convicted under the Defence of the Realm Act in the last months of the war and imprisoned for six months for making statements "likely to prejudice His Majesty's relations with the United States of America". He found prison life agreeable, largely because there were no distractions. From his cell he wrote his Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy. But imprisonment did not "reform" him or dampen his appetite for peace. He would remain committed to the anti-war movement and would be jailed again in his later years for his support for the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. His assistant, who undertook the research for much of his writings against war, was a young woman called Irene Cooper Willis. She was introduced to Russell by the writer, critic and polymath Vernon Lee. Russell's efforts to seduce Cooper Willis resulted in a series of awkward rejections. She was more interested in carrying out research on his behalf, and she immersed herself in a thoughtful, if over-detailed, evaluation of the Liberal press. The work would turn her into a fierce opponent of both the government and the Liberal media. Traditionally, the Liberal Party was opposed to warfare. So, when a Liberal cabinet took Britain into war, it needed to rationalise its actions to both itself and the public. This required a good measure of self-deception, supported by regular injections of propaganda. Cooper Willis showed how the case in favour of conflict had evolved before, during and after the war, and she charted how public understanding was manipulated at a press and political level throughout. After the armistice, she published three pamphlets setting out her views: How we went into the war (1919), How we got on with the war (1920) and How we came out of the war (1921). These were later gathered together under the title of England's Holy War (1928), dedicated to Vernon Lee. Cooper Willis made a strong case that delusion had played a critical role in how the conflict had been constructed in the public imagination. She was very much of the view that public perception of war had been massively distorted. For her, it was a collective madness.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"(2019) 'Peace to end Peace' review of Herward Sieberg and Christa Zorn eds, 'The Anglo-German Correspondence of Vernon Lee and Irene Forbes-Mosse During World War I' \u0026 A. Sharp, 'Versailles:1919' (Haus), Dublin Review of Books, Issue 111, May.","attachmentId":59112865,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39004877/_2019_Peace_to_end_Peace_review_of_Herward_Sieberg_and_Christa_Zorn_eds_The_Anglo_German_Correspondence_of_Vernon_Lee_and_Irene_Forbes_Mosse_During_World_War_I_and_A_Sharp_Versailles_1919_Haus_Dublin_Review_of_Books_Issue_111_May","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39004877/_2019_Peace_to_end_Peace_review_of_Herward_Sieberg_and_Christa_Zorn_eds_The_Anglo_German_Correspondence_of_Vernon_Lee_and_Irene_Forbes_Mosse_During_World_War_I_and_A_Sharp_Versailles_1919_Haus_Dublin_Review_of_Books_Issue_111_May"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="40044395" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40044395/_A_Lasting_Peace_the_British_Radical_Liberals_and_the_Campaign_for_a_Negotiated_Peace_with_Germany_1914_1918">"A Lasting Peace' : the British Radical Liberals and the Campaign for a Negotiated Peace with Germany, 1914-1918</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30474915" href="https://westernsydney.academia.edu/DouglasNewton">Douglas Newton</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Franz Oswald and Maureen Perkins, eds., Europe - Divided or United? (Proceedings of the Biennial Conference of the Australasian Association for European Historians, 1999) (Canberra: Southern Highlands Publishers, 2000), pp. 211-230, 1999</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">An overview of the campaign by dissenting British Radical Liberals for a diplomatic settlement of the First World War, and a defence of their efforts to seek a compromise peace. The article focusses on parliamentary opposition to the war, the Union of Democratic Control, and leading figures among anti-war British Radical Liberals.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"\"A Lasting Peace' : the British Radical Liberals and the Campaign for a Negotiated Peace with Germany, 1914-1918","attachmentId":60243050,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40044395/_A_Lasting_Peace_the_British_Radical_Liberals_and_the_Campaign_for_a_Negotiated_Peace_with_Germany_1914_1918","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40044395/_A_Lasting_Peace_the_British_Radical_Liberals_and_the_Campaign_for_a_Negotiated_Peace_with_Germany_1914_1918"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="71972925" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71972925/Peace_Conference_in_Paris_and_Negotiations_with_Germany_in_1919">Peace Conference in Paris and Negotiations with Germany in 1919.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="19773944" href="https://upjs.academia.edu/Erik%C5%A0tenpien">Erik Štenpien</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Glossa Iuridica , 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Abstract The present study deals with the initial stage of the Versailles Peace Conference. In the first phase of the conference, in addition to the Covenant of the League of Nations, efforts were made to conclude an agreement with Germany. The negotiation process has been extremely turbulent. German officials sought to make a peace that fully respected Wilson’s points, which was no longer possible at the time. The presented study maps the state of negotiations and compares the final form of the Versailles Peace Treaty with the position of Germany and the so-called Entente Powers. It also pays attention to the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on the creation of new state borders in Central Europe</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Peace Conference in Paris and Negotiations with Germany in 1919.","attachmentId":81095212,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/71972925/Peace_Conference_in_Paris_and_Negotiations_with_Germany_in_1919","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/71972925/Peace_Conference_in_Paris_and_Negotiations_with_Germany_in_1919"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="69012170" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69012170/_Peace_a_Tactical_Approach_How_Britain_and_Germany_Abused_the_Promise_of_Peace_during_the_First_World_War_">‘Peace, a Tactical Approach: How Britain and Germany Abused the Promise of Peace during the First World War’</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4432214" href="https://sandia.academia.edu/JustinOlmstead">Justin Olmstead</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"‘Peace, a Tactical Approach: How Britain and Germany Abused the Promise of Peace during the First World War’","attachmentId":79275391,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/69012170/_Peace_a_Tactical_Approach_How_Britain_and_Germany_Abused_the_Promise_of_Peace_during_the_First_World_War_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/69012170/_Peace_a_Tactical_Approach_How_Britain_and_Germany_Abused_the_Promise_of_Peace_during_the_First_World_War_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="85038534" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/85038534/The_problem_of_war_aims_and_the_Treaty_of_Versailles">The problem of war aims and the Treaty of Versailles</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="147382052" href="https://salford.academia.edu/johncallaghan">john callaghan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Labour, British radicalism and the First World War, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The problem of war aims and the Treaty of Versailles","attachmentId":89863125,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/85038534/The_problem_of_war_aims_and_the_Treaty_of_Versailles","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/85038534/The_problem_of_war_aims_and_the_Treaty_of_Versailles"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="46797783" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/46797783/Peace_Through_Law_the_Versailles_peace_Treaty_and_Dispute_Settlement_after_WWI">Peace Through Law: the Versailles peace Treaty and Dispute Settlement after WWI</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2671273" href="https://mpi-lu.academia.edu/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8neRUIZFABRI">Hélène RUIZ-FABRI</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Studies of the Max Planck Institute for International, European and Regulatory Procedural Law, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Peace Through Law: the Versailles peace Treaty and Dispute Settlement after WWI","attachmentId":66254419,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/46797783/Peace_Through_Law_the_Versailles_peace_Treaty_and_Dispute_Settlement_after_WWI","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/46797783/Peace_Through_Law_the_Versailles_peace_Treaty_and_Dispute_Settlement_after_WWI"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="6256232" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6256232/Negating_Peace_Germany_Policy_Making_During_World_War_I">Negating Peace Germany Policy Making During World War I</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9641968" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TomDegenhart">Tom Degenhart</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Negating Peace Germany Policy Making During World War I","attachmentId":33113363,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6256232/Negating_Peace_Germany_Policy_Making_During_World_War_I","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6256232/Negating_Peace_Germany_Policy_Making_During_World_War_I"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="92907083" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/92907083/The_British_Power_Elite_and_the_German_Revolution_of_1918_1919">The British Power-Elite and the German Revolution of 1918-1919</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30474915" href="https://westernsydney.academia.edu/DouglasNewton">Douglas Newton</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Australian Journal of Politics & History, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The British Power-Elite and the German Revolution of 1918-1919","attachmentId":95792608,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/92907083/The_British_Power_Elite_and_the_German_Revolution_of_1918_1919","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/92907083/The_British_Power_Elite_and_the_German_Revolution_of_1918_1919"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="44102468" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44102468/_Peace_which_is_No_Peace_Reactions_to_the_Treaty_of_Versailles_by_the_British_Press">‘Peace which is No Peace’ – Reactions to the Treaty of Versailles by the British Press</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="16639767" href="https://uni-jena.academia.edu/MarlenVDE">Marlen van den Ecker</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The reparation demands against Germany as settled in the Treaty of Versailles affected the German population economically and morally. Understanding their ramifications was due, at the latest, after accounting for the National Socialism in the Third Reich. But how were the reparations perceived and discussed in the public of the allied powers? The present essay will respond to this by reference of journalistic sources from Great Britain right after the signing of the treaty: Were the conditions of the peace treaty, and its forced acceptance, deemed appropriate? It was the declared aim of the European victors to render Germany guilty of starting the war and impotent to wage another, which is in line with the dominant perspective of the Allies’ press coverage. However, some of the more left-leaning press interpreted the measures of expelling and isolating Germany from the international community of nations as a possible danger in the making.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"‘Peace which is No Peace’ – Reactions to the Treaty of Versailles by the British Press","attachmentId":64449976,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44102468/_Peace_which_is_No_Peace_Reactions_to_the_Treaty_of_Versailles_by_the_British_Press","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44102468/_Peace_which_is_No_Peace_Reactions_to_the_Treaty_of_Versailles_by_the_British_Press"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":95792609,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":95792609,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_95792609" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="39527330" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39527330/Peace_Making_after_the_First_World_War_1919_1923_Conference">Peace Making after the First World War, 1919-1923 Conference</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7851066" href="https://unb.academia.edu/PauloRobertodeAlmeida">Paulo Roberto de Almeida</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Peace Making after the First World War, 1919-1923 Conference Program, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Peace Making after the First World War, 1919-1923 Conference","attachmentId":59676783,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39527330/Peace_Making_after_the_First_World_War_1919_1923_Conference","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39527330/Peace_Making_after_the_First_World_War_1919_1923_Conference"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="31715117" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31715117/Review_of_Alan_Sharp_Consequences_of_the_Peace_The_Versailles_Settlement_Aftermath_and_Legacy_1919_1920_2nd_ed_London_Haus_2015_Journal_of_Military_History_80_1_January_2016_259_260">Review of Alan Sharp, Consequences of the Peace: The Versailles Settlement: Aftermath and Legacy 1919-1920, 2nd ed. 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