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class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="guanzi" >Guanzi</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; *display: inline; zoom: 1;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x47088" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m47088" href="school-of-names" >School of Names</a><br /> <span class="subcontents"><span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=81868&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="gongsunlongzi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="gongsunlongzi" >Gongsunlongzi</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; *display: inline; zoom: 1;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x47089" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m47089" href="school-of-the-military" >School of the Military</a><br /> <span class="subcontents"><span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=47376&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="art-of-war" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="art-of-war" >The Art of War</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=41728&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="wu-zi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="wu-zi" >Wu Zi</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" 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class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x47091" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m47091" href="miscellaneous-schools" >Miscellaneous Schools</a><br /> <span class="subcontents"><span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=58481&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="huainanzi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="huainanzi" >Huainanzi</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="lv-shi-chun-qiu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="lv-shi-chun-qiu" >Lü Shi Chun Qiu</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="gui-gu-zi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="gui-gu-zi" >Gui Gu Zi</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=41628&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yin-wen-zi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="yin-wen-zi" >Yin Wen Zi</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=41676&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="deng-xi-zi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="deng-xi-zi" >Deng Xi Zi</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; *display: inline; zoom: 1;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x47092" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m47092" href="histories" >Histories</a><br /> <span 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href="lost-book-of-zhou" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="lost-book-of-zhou" >Lost Book of Zhou</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="guo-yu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="guo-yu" >Guo Yu</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yanzi-chun-qiu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="yanzi-chun-qiu" >Yanzi Chun Qiu</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="wu-yue-chun-qiu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="wu-yue-chun-qiu" >Wu Yue Chun Qiu</a><br /> <span style="float: right; 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>+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="yan-tie-lun" >Yan Tie Lun</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="lie-nv-zhuan" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="lie-nv-zhuan" >Lie Nü Zhuan</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="guliang-zhuan" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="guliang-zhuan" >Guliang Zhuan</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="gongyang-zhuan" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="gongyang-zhuan" >Gongyang Zhuan</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="han-shu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="han-shu" >Han Shu</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="qian-han-ji" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="qian-han-ji" >Qian Han Ji</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dong-guan-han-ji" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="dong-guan-han-ji" >Dong Guan Han Ji</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="hou-han-shu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="hou-han-shu" >Hou Han Shu</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="zhushu-jinian" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="zhushu-jinian" >Zhushu Jinian</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="mutianzi-zhuan" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="mutianzi-zhuan" >Mutianzi Zhuan</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="gu-san-fen" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="gu-san-fen" >Gu San Fen</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yandanzi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="yandanzi" >Yandanzi</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="xijing-zaji" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="xijing-zaji" >Xijing Zaji</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; *display: inline; zoom: 1;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x47093" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m47093" href="ancient-classics" >Ancient Classics</a><br /> <span class="subcontents"><span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=47370&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="book-of-poetry" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="book-of-poetry" >Book of Poetry</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=47372&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shang-shu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="shang-shu" >Shang Shu</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=47374&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="book-of-changes" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="book-of-changes" >Book of Changes</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="rites-of-zhou" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="rites-of-zhou" >The Rites of Zhou</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="chu-ci" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="chu-ci" >Chu Ci</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yili" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="yili" >Yili</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shan-hai-jing" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="shan-hai-jing" >Shan Hai Jing</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="jiaoshi-yilin" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="jiaoshi-yilin" >Jiaoshi Yilin</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="jingshi-yizhuan" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="jingshi-yizhuan" >Jingshi Yizhuan</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shishuo" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="shishuo" >Shi Shuo</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; *display: inline; zoom: 1;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x47104" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m47104" href="etymology" >Etymology</a><br /> <span class="subcontents">　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shuo-wen-jie-zi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="shuo-wen-jie-zi" >Shuo Wen Jie Zi</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="er-ya" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="er-ya" >Er Ya</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=41630&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shi-ming" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="shi-ming" >Shi Ming</a><br /> <span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" 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class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="huangdi-neijing" >Huangdi Neijing</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="nan-jing" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="nan-jing" >Nan Jing</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shang-han-lun" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="shang-han-lun" >Shang Han Lun</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="jinkui-yaolue" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="jinkui-yaolue" >Jinkui Yaolue</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; *display: inline; zoom: 1;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x82944" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m82944" href="excavated-texts" >Excavated texts</a><br /> <span class="subcontents">　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="guodian" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="guodian" >Guodian</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="mawangdui" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="mawangdui" >Mawangdui</a><br /> </span></span> <br /> <div class="menuitem listhead"><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m89488" href="post-han" >Post-Han</a><br /> </div><span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; *display: inline; zoom: 1;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x90478" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m90478" href="wei-jin-and-north-south" >Wei, Jin, and North-South</a><br /> <span class="subcontents"><span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=90561&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<a class="menuitem" id="m90479" href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu" >道德真經註</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shi-shuo-xin-yu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="shi-shuo-xin-yu" >世說新語</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yan-shi-jia-xun" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="yan-shi-jia-xun" >顏氏家訓</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="wenxin-diaolong" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="wenxin-diaolong" >文心雕龍</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="baopuzi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="baopuzi" >抱朴子</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="renwuzhi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="renwuzhi" >人物志</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="jinlouzi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="jinlouzi" >金樓子</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shui-jing-zhu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="shui-jing-zhu" >水經注</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="shen-xian-zhuan" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="shen-xian-zhuan" >神仙傳</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="sanguozhi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="sanguozhi" >三國志</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="gaoshizhuan" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="gaoshizhuan" >高士傳</a><br /> 　<a class="menuitem" id="m649377" href="shenyijing" >神異經</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dongmingji" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="dongmingji" >洞冥記</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; *display: inline; zoom: 1;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x278826" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m278826" href="sui-tang" >Sui-Tang</a><br /> <span class="subcontents">　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="qunshu-zhiyao" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="qunshu-zhiyao" >群書治要</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yiwen-leiju" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a 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href="three-character-classic" >Three Character Classic</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="lunyu-zhushu" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="lunyu-zhushu" >論語注疏</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="xiyouji" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="xiyouji" >西遊記</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="sanguo-yanyi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" href="sanguo-yanyi" >Romance of the Three Kingdoms</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="jinpingmei" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="jinpingmei" >金瓶梅</a><br /> 　<div 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class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="taiping-guangji" >太平廣記</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="zhuzi-yulei" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="zhuzi-yulei" >朱子語類</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yingwengong" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="yingwengong" >宋景文公筆記</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="qijing" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="qijing" >棋經</a><br /> 　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="yulizi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="yulizi" 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Scholars</a><br /> </span></span> <span class="menuitem container"><div style="display: inline-block; *display: inline; zoom: 1;'"><div class="sprite-expand" title="+" id="x90473" class="subtitle"><div></div></div></div><a class="etext" style="font-weight: bold;" id="m90473" href="republican-era" >Republican era</a><br /> <span class="subcontents"><span style="float: right; display: block; "><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="Show source information" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=52382&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;">Show source information<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></span>　<div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="mo-jing-jiao-shi" class="sprite-expand" title="+" >+<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a class="menuitem" href="mo-jing-jiao-shi" >墨經校釋</a><br /> </span></span> <div class="menuitem listhead opt"><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="notes">Notes</a></div><div class="menuitem listhead"><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="resource.pl?node=3925&if=en">Resources</a></div><div class="menuitem listhead"><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="dictionary.pl?if=en">Dictionary</a></div><div class="menuitem listhead"><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="discuss.pl?if=en">Discussion</a></div><div class="menuitem listhead"><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="library.pl?if=en">Library</a></div><div class="menuitem listhead"><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="wiki.pl?if=en">Wiki</a></div><div class="menuitem listhead"><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="datawiki.pl?if=en">Data Wiki</a></div></div> <div id="search"> <form id="searchform" method="get" action="text.pl"> Search <select name="node" class="booklistbox"><option value="3925" >Pre-Qin and Han</option> <option value="47084" >Confucianism</option> <option value="1081" > The Analects</option> <option value="1602" > Mengzi</option> <option value="9479" > Liji</option> <option value="12245" > Xunzi</option> <option value="20992" > Xiao Jing</option> <option value="21511" > Shuo Yuan</option> <option value="22853" > Chun Qiu Fan Lu</option> <option value="39642" > Han Shi Wai Zhuan</option> <option value="44430" > Da Dai Li Ji</option> <option value="52839" > Bai Hu Tong</option> <option value="53345" > Xin Shu</option> <option value="53728" > Xin Xu</option> <option value="60991" > Yangzi Fayan</option> <option value="83378" > Zhong Lun</option> <option value="84338" > Kongzi Jiayu</option> <option value="84867" > Qian Fu Lun</option> <option value="280221" > Lunheng</option> <option value="283871" > Tai Xuan Jing</option> <option value="284846" > Fengsu Tongyi</option> <option value="285366" > Kongcongzi</option> <option value="601774" > Shen Jian</option> <option value="646727" > Zhong Jing</option> <option value="646765" > Su Shu</option> <option value="646861" > Xin Yu</option> <option value="646956" > Du Duan</option> <option value="648405" > Cai Zhong Lang Ji</option> <option value="47085" >Mohism</option> <option value="101" > Mozi</option> <option value="37562" > Mo Bian Zhu Xu</option> <option value="47086" >Daoism</option> <option value="2712" > Zhuangzi</option> <option value="11591" > Dao De Jing</option> <option value="37397" > Liezi</option> <option value="50769" > He Guan Zi</option> <option value="58487" > Wenzi</option> <option value="279897" > Wen Shi Zhen Jing</option> <option value="285604" > Lie Xian Zhuan</option> <option value="647075" > Yuzi</option> <option value="648877" > Heshanggong Laozi</option> <option value="47087" >Legalism</option> <option value="1879" > Hanfeizi</option> <option value="47107" > Shang Jun Shu</option> <option value="47108" > Shen Bu Hai</option> <option value="47109" > Shenzi</option> <option value="47384" > Jian Zhu Ke Shu</option> <option value="48150" > Guanzi</option> <option value="47088" >School of Names</option> <option value="11553" > Gongsunlongzi</option> <option value="47089" >School of the Military</option> <option value="20908" > The Art of War</option> <option value="41678" > Wu Zi</option> <option value="41730" > Liu Tao</option> <option value="43273" > Si Ma Fa</option> <option value="43348" > Wei Liao Zi</option> <option value="50828" > Three Strategies</option> <option value="47090" >Mathematics</option> <option value="45173" > Hai Dao Suan Jing</option> <option value="51058" > The Nine Chapters</option> <option value="52053" > Sunzi Suan Jing</option> <option value="59424" > Zhou Bi Suan Jing</option> <option value="47091" >Miscellaneous Schools</option> <option value="3022" > Huainanzi</option> <option value="23107" > Lü Shi Chun Qiu</option> <option value="39963" > Gui Gu Zi</option> <option value="41543" > Yin Wen Zi</option> <option value="41632" > Deng Xi Zi</option> <option value="47092" >Histories</option> <option value="4474" > Shiji</option> <option value="16949" > Chun Qiu Zuo Zhuan</option> <option value="24161" > Lost Book of Zhou</option> <option value="24449" > Guo Yu</option> <option value="43540" > Yanzi Chun Qiu</option> <option value="47648" > Wu Yue Chun Qiu</option> <option value="49118" > Yue Jue Shu</option> <option value="49462" > Zhan Guo Ce</option> <option value="52405" > Yan Tie Lun</option> <option value="53989" > Lie Nü Zhuan</option> <option value="55039" > Guliang Zhuan</option> <option value="56444" > Gongyang Zhuan</option> <option value="61664" > Han Shu</option> <option value="68780" > Qian Han Ji</option> <option value="69121" > Dong Guan Han Ji</option> <option value="71480" > Hou Han Shu</option> <option value="282742" > Zhushu Jinian</option> <option value="283502" > Mutianzi Zhuan</option> <option value="646779" > Gu San Fen</option> <option value="647105" > Yandanzi</option> <option value="647120" > Xijing Zaji</option> <option value="47093" >Ancient Classics</option> <option value="13985" > Book of Poetry</option> <option value="21030" > Shang Shu</option> <option value="25002" > Book of Changes</option> <option value="36554" > The Rites of Zhou</option> <option value="51791" > Chu Ci</option> <option value="54566" > Yili</option> <option value="83479" > Shan Hai Jing</option> <option value="85326" > Jiaoshi Yilin</option> <option value="280082" > Jingshi Yizhuan</option> <option value="283542" > Shi Shuo</option> <option value="47104" >Etymology</option> <option value="26160" > Shuo Wen Jie Zi</option> <option value="37567" > Er Ya</option> <option value="40087" > Shi Ming</option> <option value="45207" > Fang Yan</option> <option value="279526" > Ji Jiu Pian</option> <option value="80226" >Chinese Medicine</option> <option value="80228" > Huangdi Neijing</option> <option value="81934" > Nan Jing</option> <option value="281911" > Shang Han Lun</option> <option value="647268" > Jinkui Yaolue</option> <option value="82944" >Excavated texts</option> <option value="82945" > Guodian</option> <option value="82987" > Mawangdui</option> <option value="89488" >Post-Han</option> <option value="90478" >Wei, Jin, and North-South</option> <option value="90479" selected="selected"> 道德真經註</option> <option value="90746" > 世說新語</option> <option value="91913" > 顏氏家訓</option> <option value="108160" > 文心雕龍</option> <option value="277835" > 抱朴子</option> <option value="279273" > 人物志</option> <option value="287513" > 金樓子</option> <option value="568082" > 水經注</option> <option value="585926" > 神仙傳</option> <option value="601873" > 三國志</option> <option value="604745" > 高士傳</option> <option value="649377" > 神異經</option> <option value="649426" > 洞冥記</option> <option value="278826" >Sui-Tang</option> <option value="278827" > 群書治要</option> <option value="539864" > 藝文類聚</option> <option value="552245" > 通典</option> <option value="566532" > 意林</option> <option value="649043" > 黃帝陰符經</option> <option value="90471" >Song-Ming</option> <option value="89489" > 四書章句集注</option> <option value="90563" > Three Character Classic</option> <option value="92202" > 論語注疏</option> <option value="93274" > 西遊記</option> <option value="97135" > Romance of the Three Kingdoms</option> <option value="100830" > 金瓶梅</option> <option value="285817" > 封神演義</option> <option value="288029" > 廣韻</option> <option value="361551" > 孝經注疏</option> <option value="361857" > 太平御覽</option> <option value="570777" > 太平廣記</option> <option value="586142" > 朱子語類</option> <option value="649226" > 宋景文公筆記</option> <option value="649494" > 棋經</option> <option value="649521" > 郁離子</option> <option value="90472" >Qing</option> <option value="10473" > Mozi Jiangu</option> <option value="103345" > Hong Lou Meng</option> <option value="108540" > Quan Tang Shi</option> <option value="317453" > Kangxi Zidian</option> <option value="565462" > The Scholars</option> <option value="90473" >Republican era</option> <option value="52326" > 墨經校釋</option> </select> for:<br /> <input type="hidden" name="if" id="if" 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title="Follow us on Douban to receive important updates" /></a></div> <table id="titleline" border="0"> <tr><td valign="top"><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="http://ctext.org/zhs" class="sprite-logo" title="Chinese Text Project" >Chinese Text Project<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td> <td valign="middle"><font size="+3">Chinese Text Project</font></td> </tr> </table> <div id="ad2"> <table border="0" width="100%"><tr><td></td><td align="right"></td></tr></table></div> <div class="etext noprint"><span itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a href="https://ctext.org/post-han" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="title">Post-Han</span></a></span> -> <span itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a href="https://ctext.org/wei-jin-and-north-south" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="title">Wei, Jin, and North-South</span></a></span> -> 道德真經註</div><script type="text/javascript"> var 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solid; text-align: left; position: absolute; z-index: 50;"><a href="library.pl?if=en&res=5361">《欽定四庫全書》本《道德真經註》</a><br /><div style="width: 100%; text-align: right;">[<a href="library.pl?if=en&node=90479">Show all</a>]</div></span><div style="clear: both; width: 300px;"></div></div><br /><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="#" class="sprite-info" title="" onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=90561&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;"><div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><a href="#" class='etext' onclick="window.open('text.pl?node=90561&if=en&menu=none&ref=show','','resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,copyhistory=no,width=600,height=470'); return false;"><b class="opt">Source</b></a></td></tr></table> <div id="comm90479"></div><table border="0"> <tr id="n90480"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90480" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">1</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90480" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90480"></div><span class="original">道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。</span>可道之道，可名之名，指事造形，非其常也。故不可道，不可名也。<span class="original">無名天地之始，有名萬物之母。</span>凡有皆始於無，故「未形」、「無名」之時則為萬物之始，及其「有形」、「有名」之時，則長之育之，亭之毒之，為其母也。言道以無形無名始成萬物，以始以成而不知其所以玄之又玄也。<span class="original">故常無欲，以觀其妙；</span>妙者，微之極也。萬物始於微而後成，始於無而後生。故常無欲空虛，可以觀其始物之妙。<span class="original">常有欲，以觀其徼。</span>徼，歸終也。凡有之為利，必以無為用。欲之所本，適道而後濟。故常有欲，可以觀其終物之徼也。<span class="original">此兩者同出而異名，同謂之玄，玄之又玄，眾妙之門。</span>兩者，始與母也。同出者，同出於玄也。異名，所施不可同也。在首則謂之始，在終則謂之母。玄者，冥也，默然無有也。始母之所出也，不可得而名，故不可言，同名曰玄，而言謂之玄者，取於不可得而謂之然也。謂之然則不可以定乎一玄而已，則是名則失之遠矣。故曰，玄之又玄也。眾妙皆從同而出，故曰眾妙之門也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90481"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90481" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">2</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90481" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90481"></div><span class="original">天下皆知美之為美，斯惡已。皆知善之為善，斯不善已。故有無相生，難易相成，長短相較，高下相傾，音聲相和，前後相隨。</span>美者，人心之所樂進也；惡者，人心之所惡疾也。美惡，猶喜怒也；善不善，猶是非也。喜怒同根，是非同門，故不可得偏舉也，此六者皆陳自然不可偏舉之明數也。<span class="original">是以聖人處無為之事，</span>自然已足，為則敗也。<span class="original">行不言之教；萬物作焉而不辭，生而不有，為而不恃，</span>智慧自備，為則偽也。<span class="original">功成而弗居。</span>因物而用，功自彼成，故不居也。<span class="original">夫唯弗居，是以不去。</span>使功在己，則功不可久也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90482"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90482" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">3</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90482" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90482"></div><span class="original">不尚賢，使民不爭；不貴難得之貨，使民不為盜；不見可欲，使民心不亂。</span>賢，猶能也。尚者，嘉之名也。貴者，隆之稱也。唯能是任，尚也曷為；唯用是施，貴之何為。尚賢顯名，榮過其任，為而常校能相射。貴貨過用，貪者競趣，穿窬探篋，沒命而盜，故可欲不見，則心無所亂也。<span class="original">是以聖人之治，虛其心，實其腹，</span>心懷智而腹懷食，虛有智而實無知也。<span class="original">弱其志，強其骨。</span>骨無知以幹，志生事以亂，心虛則志弱也。<span class="original">常使民無知無欲。</span>守其真也。<span class="original">使夫知者不敢為也。</span>知者謂知為也。<span class="original">為無為，則無不治。</span><p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90483"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90483" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">4</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90483" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90483"></div><span class="original">道沖而用之或不盈，淵兮似萬物之宗；挫其銳，解其紛，和其光，同其塵，湛兮似或存。吾不知誰之子，象帝之先。</span>夫執一家之量者，不能全家。執一國之量者，不能成國。窮力舉重，不能為用，故人雖知，萬物治也，治而不以二儀之道，則不能贍也。地雖形魄，不法於天則不能全其寧。天雖精象，不法於道則不能保其精。沖而用之，用乃不能窮滿以造實，實來則溢，故沖而用之，又復不盈，其為無窮亦已極矣。形雖大，不能累其體，事雖殷，不能充其量，萬物捨此而求主，主其安在乎。不亦淵兮似萬物之宗乎。銳挫而無損，紛解而不勞，和光而不汙，其體同塵而不渝，其真不亦湛兮似或存乎。地守其形，德不能過其載，天慊其象，德不能過其覆，天地莫能及之，不亦似帝之先乎。帝，天帝也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90484"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90484" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">5</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90484" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90484"></div><span class="original">天地不仁，以萬物為芻狗；</span>天地任自然，無為無造，萬物自相治理，故不仁也。仁者必造立施化，有恩有為，造立施化則物失其真，有恩有為，列物不具存，物不具存，則不足以備載矣。地不為獸生芻，而獸食芻；不為人生狗，而人食狗。無為於萬物而萬物各適其所用，則莫不贍矣。若慧由己樹，未足任也。<span class="original">聖人不仁，以百姓為芻狗。</span>聖人與天地合其德，以百姓比芻狗也。<span class="original">天地之間，其猶橐籥乎？虛而不屈，動而愈出。</span>橐，排橐也。籥，樂籥也。橐籥之中，空洞無情，無為故虛，而不得窮，屈動而不可竭盡也。天地之中，蕩然任自然，故不可得而窮，猶若橐籥也。<span class="original">多言數窮，不如守中。</span>愈為之則愈失之矣。物樹其惡，事錯其言，不濟不言，不理必窮之數也。橐籥而守數中，則無窮盡，棄己任物，則莫不理。若橐籥有意於為聲也，則不足以共吹者之求也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90485"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90485" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">6</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90485" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90485"></div><span class="original">谷神不死，是謂玄牝。玄牝之門，是謂天地根。綿綿若存，用之不勤。</span>谷神，谷中央無。谷也，無形無影，無逆無違，處卑不動，守靜不衰，谷以之成而不見其形，此至物也。處卑而不可得名，故謂天地之根，綿綿若存，用之不勤。門，玄牝之所由也，本其所由，與極同體，故謂之天地之根也。欲言存邪，則不見其形，欲言亡邪，萬物以之生。故綿綿若存也，無物不成，用而不勞也。故曰，用而不勤也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90486"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90486" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">7</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90486" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90486"></div><span class="original">天長地久。天地所以能長且久者，以其不自生，</span>自生則與物爭，不自生則物歸也。<span class="original">故能長生。是以聖人後其身而身先；外其身而身存。非以其無私耶，故能成其私。</span>無私者，無為於身也。身先身存，故曰，能成其私也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90487"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90487" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">8</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90487" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90487"></div><span class="original">上善若水。水善利萬物而不爭，處眾人之所惡，</span>人惡卑也。<span class="original">故幾於道。</span>道無水有，故曰，幾也。<span class="original">居善地，心善淵，與善仁，言善信，正善治，事善能，動善時。夫唯不爭，故無尤。</span>言人皆應於治道也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90488"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90488" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">9</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90488" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90488"></div><span class="original">持而盈之，不如其已；</span>持，謂不失德也。既不失其德又盈之，勢必傾危。故不如其已者，謂乃更不如無德無功者也。<span class="original">揣而梲之，不可長保。</span>既揣末令尖，又銳之令利，勢必摧衂故不可長保也。<span class="original">金玉滿堂，莫之能守；</span>不若其已。<span class="original">富貴而驕，自遺其咎。</span>不可長保也。<span class="original">功成身退，天之道也。</span>四時更運，功成則移。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90489"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90489" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">10</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90489" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90489"></div><span class="original">載營魄抱一，能無離乎？</span>載，猶處也。營魄，人之常居處也，一人之真也。言人能處常居之宅，抱一清神，能常無離乎，則萬物自賓矣。<span class="original">專氣致柔，能嬰兒乎？</span>專，任也，致極也，言任自然之氣。致，至柔之和，能若嬰兒之無所欲乎，則物全而性得矣。<span class="original">滌除玄覽，能無疵乎？</span>玄，物之極也，言能滌除邪飾，至於極覽，能不以物介其明。疵之其神乎，則終與玄同也。<span class="original">愛國治民，能無知乎？</span>任術以求成，運數以求匿者，智也。玄覽無疵，猶絕聖也。治國無以智，猶棄智也。能無以智乎，則民不辟而國治之也。<span class="original">天門開闔，能為雌乎？</span>天門，天下之所從由也。開闔，治亂之際也，或開或闔，經通於天下，故曰，天門開闔也。雌，應而不倡，因而不為，言天門開閡能為雌乎，則物自賓而處自安矣。<span class="original">明白四達，能無為乎？</span>言至明四達，無迷無惑，能無以為乎，則物化矣。所謂道常無為，侯王若能守，則萬物自化。<span class="original">生之，</span>不塞其原也。<span class="original">畜之。</span>不禁其性也。<span class="original">生而不有，為而不恃，長而不宰，是謂玄德。</span>不塞其原，則物自生，何功之有。不禁其性，則物自濟，何為之恃。物自長足，不吾宰成，有德無生，非玄如何。凡言玄德，皆有德而不知其主，出乎幽冥。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90490"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90490" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">11</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90490" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90490"></div><span class="original">三十輻，共一轂，當其無，有車之用。</span>轂所以能統三十輻者，無也，以其無能受物之故，故能以實統眾也。<span class="original">埏埴以為器，當其無，有器之用。鑿戶牖以為室，當其無，有室之用。故有之以為利，無之以為用。</span>木埴，壁之所以成，三者而皆以無為用也。言無者，有之所以為利，皆賴無以為用也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90491"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90491" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">12</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90491" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90491"></div><span class="original">五色令人目盲，五音令人耳聾，五味令人口爽，馳騁畋獵令人心發狂，</span>爽，差失也，失口之用，故謂之爽。夫耳目口心，皆順其性也，不以順性命，反以傷自然，故曰聾、盲、爽、狂也。<span class="original">難得之貨令人行妨。</span>難得之貨，塞人正路，故令人行妨也。<span class="original">是以聖人為腹不為目，故去彼取此。</span>為腹者以物養己，為目者以物役己，故聖人不為目也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90492"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90492" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">13</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90492" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90492"></div><span class="original">寵辱若驚，貴大患若身。何謂寵辱若驚？寵為下，得之若驚，失之若驚，是謂寵辱若驚。</span>寵必有辱，榮必有患，驚辱等，榮患同也。為下，得寵辱榮患若驚，則不足以亂天下也。<span class="original">何謂貴大患若身？</span>大患，榮寵之屬也。生之厚，必入死之地，故謂之大患也。人迷之於榮寵，返之於身，故曰大患若身也。<span class="original">吾所以有大患者，為吾有身，</span>由有其身也。<span class="original">及吾無身，</span>歸之自然也。<span class="original">吾有何患？故貴以身為天下，若可寄天下；</span>無以易其身，故曰貴也。如此乃可以託天下也。<span class="original">愛以身為天下，若可託天下。</span>無物可以損其身，故曰愛也。如此乃可以寄天下也，不以寵辱榮患損易其身，然後乃可以天下付之也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90493"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90493" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">14</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90493" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90493"></div><span class="original">視之不見名曰夷，聽之不聞名曰希，搏之不得名曰微。此三者，不可致詰，故混而為一。</span>無狀無象，無聲無響，故能無所不通，無所不往，不得而知，更以我耳目體，不知為名，故不可致詰，混而為一也。<span class="original">其上不皦，其下不昧。繩繩不可名，復歸於無物。是謂無狀之狀，無物之象，</span>欲言無邪，而物由以成。欲言有邪，而不見其形，故曰，無狀之狀，無物之象也。<span class="original">是謂惚恍。</span>不可得而定也。<span class="original">迎之不見其首，隨之不見其後。執古之道，以御今之有。</span>有，有其事。<span class="original">能知古始，是謂道紀。</span>無形無名者，萬物之宗也。雖今古不同，時移俗易，故莫不由乎此，以成其治者也。故可執古之道，以御今之有，上古雖遠，其道存焉，故雖在，今可以知古始也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90494"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90494" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">15</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90494" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90494"></div><span class="original">古之善為士者，微妙玄通，深不可識。夫唯不可識，故強為之容：豫兮若冬涉川，</span>冬之涉川，豫然若欲度，若不欲度，其情不可得見之貌也。<span class="original">猶兮若畏四鄰，</span>四鄰合攻，中央之主，猶然不知所趣向者也。上德之人，其端兆不可覩，德趣不可見，亦猶此也。<span class="original">儼兮其若客，渙兮若冰之將釋，敦兮其若樸，曠兮其若谷，渾兮其若濁。</span>凡此諸若，皆言其容，象不可得而形名也。<span class="original">孰能濁以靜之徐清？孰能安以久動之徐生？</span>夫晦以理物則得明，濁以靜物則得清，安以動物則得生，此自然之道也。孰能者，言其難也。徐者，詳慎也。<span class="original">保此道者不欲盈，</span>盈必溢也。<span class="original">夫唯不盈，故能蔽不新成。</span>蔽，覆蓋也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90495"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90495" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">16</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90495" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90495"></div><span class="original">致虛極，守靜篤。</span>言致虛，物之極篤；守靜，物之真正也。<span class="original">萬物並作，</span>動作生長。<span class="original">吾以觀復。</span>以虛靜觀其反復。凡有起於虛，動起於靜，故萬物雖並動作，卒復歸於虛靜，是物之極篤也。<span class="original">夫物芸芸，各復歸其根。</span>各反其所始也。<span class="original">歸根曰靜，是曰復命。復命曰常，</span>歸根則靜，故曰靜。靜則復命，故曰復命也。復命則得性命之常，故曰常也。<span class="original">知常曰明。不知常，妄作凶。</span>常之為物，不偏不彰，無皦昧之狀，溫涼之象，故曰知常曰明也。唯此復乃能包通萬物，無所不容，失此以往，則邪入乎分，則物離其分，故曰不知常，則妄作凶也。<span class="original">知常容，</span>無所不包通也。<span class="original">容乃公，</span>無所不包通，則乃至於蕩然公平也。<span class="original">公乃王，</span>蕩然公平，則乃至於無所不周普也。<span class="original">王乃天，</span>無所不周普，則乃至於同乎天也。<span class="original">天乃道，</span>與天合德，體道大通，則乃至於極虛無也。<span class="original">道乃久，</span>窮極虛無，得道之常，則乃至於不有極也。<span class="original">沒身不殆。</span>無之為物，水火不能害，金石不能殘。用之於心則虎兕無所投其齒角，兵戈無所容其鋒刃，何危殆之有乎。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90496"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90496" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">17</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90496" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90496"></div><span class="original">大上，下知有之，</span>大上，謂大人也。大人在上，故曰大上。大人在上，居無為之事，行不言之教，萬物作焉而不為始，故下知有之而已，言從上也。<span class="original">其次親而譽之，</span>不能以無為居事，不言為教，立善行施，使下得親而譽之也。<span class="original">其次畏之，</span>不能復以恩仁令物，而賴威權也。<span class="original">其次侮之。</span>不能法以正齊民，而以智治國，下知避之，其令不從，故曰，侮之也。<span class="original">信不足焉，有不信焉。</span>夫御體失性則疾病生，輔物失真則疵釁作。信不足焉，則有不信，此自然之道也。已處不足，非智之所齊也。<span class="original">悠兮其貴言，功成事遂，百姓皆謂我自然。</span>自然，其端兆不可得而見也，其意趣不可得而覩也，無物可以易其言，言必有應，故曰，悠兮其貴言也。居無為之事，行不言之教，不以形立物，故功成事遂，而百姓不知其所以然也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90497"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90497" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">18</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90497" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90497"></div><span class="original">大道廢，有仁義；</span>失無為之事，更以施慧立善道，進物也。<span class="original">智慧出，有大偽；</span>行術用明，以察姦偽；趣睹形見，物知避之。故智慧出則大偽生也。<span class="original">六親不和，有孝慈；國家昏亂，有忠臣。</span>甚美之名生於大惡，所謂美惡同門。六親，父子兄弟夫婦也。若六親自和，國家自治，則孝慈忠臣不知其所在矣。魚相忘於江湖之道，則相濡之德生也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90498"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90498" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">19</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90498" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90498"></div><span class="original">絕聖棄智，民利百倍；絕仁棄義，民復孝慈；絕巧棄利，盜賊無有。此三者以為文不足，故令有所屬：見素抱樸，少私寡欲。</span>聖智，才之善也。仁義，人之善也。巧利，用之善也。而直云絕，文甚不足，不令之有所屬，無以見其指，故曰，此三者以為文而未足，故令人有所屬，屬之於素樸寡欲。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90499"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90499" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">20</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90499" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90499"></div><span class="original">絕學無憂，唯之與阿，相去幾何？善之與惡，相去若何？人之所畏，不可不畏。</span>下篇，為學者日益，為道者日損。然則學求益所能，而進其智者也，若將無欲而足，何求於益。不知而中，何求於進。夫燕雀有匹，鳩鴿有仇，寒鄉之民，必知旃裘，自然已足，益之則憂。故續鳧之足，何異截鶴之頸，畏譽而進，何異畏刑。唯阿美惡，相去若何？故人之所畏，吾亦異焉，未敢恃之以為用也。<span class="original">荒兮其未央哉！</span>歎與俗相返之遠也。<span class="original">眾人熙熙，如享太牢，如春登臺。</span>眾人迷於美進，惑於榮利，欲進心競，故熙熙如享太牢，如春登臺也。<span class="original">我獨怕兮其未兆，如嬰兒之未孩；</span>言我廓然，無形之可名，無兆之可舉，如嬰兒之未能孩也。<span class="original">儽儽兮，若無所歸。</span>若無所宅。<span class="original">眾人皆有餘，而我獨若遺。</span>眾人無不有懷有志，盈溢胸心，故曰，皆有餘也。我獨廓然，無為無欲，若遺失之也。<span class="original">我愚人之心也哉！</span>絕愚之人，心無所別析，意無所美惡，猶然其情不可睹，我頹然若此也。<span class="original">沌沌兮，</span>無所別析，不可為名。<span class="original">俗人昭昭，</span>耀其光也。<span class="original">我獨若昏。俗人察察，</span>分別別析也。<span class="original">我獨悶悶。澹兮其若海，</span>情不可睹。<span class="original">飂兮若無止。</span>無所繫縶。<span class="original">眾人皆有以，</span>以，用也。皆欲有所施用也。<span class="original">而我獨頑似鄙。</span>無所欲為，悶悶昏昏，若無所識，故曰，頑且鄙也。<span class="original">我獨異於人，而貴食母。</span>食母，生之本也。人者皆棄生民之本，貴末飾之華，故曰，我獨欲異於人。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90500"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90500" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">21</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90500" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90500"></div><span class="original">孔德之容，惟道是從。</span>孔，空也，惟以空為德，然後乃能動作從道。<span class="original">道之為物，惟恍惟惚。</span>恍惚無形，不繫之歎。<span class="original">惚兮恍兮，其中有象；恍兮惚兮，其中有物。</span>以無形始物，不繫成物，萬物以始以成，而不知其所以然，故曰，恍兮惚兮，惚兮恍兮，其中有象也。<span class="original">窈兮冥兮，其中有精；</span>窈、冥，深遠之歎，深遠不可得而見。然而萬物由之，其可得見，以定其真。故曰，窈兮冥兮，其中有精也。<span class="original">其精甚真，其中有信。</span>信，信驗也。物反窈冥，則真精之極得，萬物之性定。故曰，其精甚真，其中有信也。<span class="original">自今及古，其名不去，</span>至真之極，不可得名，無名則是其名也。自古及今，無不由此而成，故曰，自古及今，其名不去也。<span class="original">以閱眾甫。</span>眾甫，物之始也。以無名說萬物始也。<span class="original">吾何以知眾甫之狀哉？以此。</span>此上之所云也。言吾何以知萬物之始於無哉，以此知之也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90501"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90501" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">22</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90501" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90501"></div><span class="original">曲則全，</span>不自見其明則全也。<span class="original">枉則直，</span>不自是則其是彰也。<span class="original">窪則盈，</span>不自伐則其功有也。<span class="original">弊則新，</span>不自矜則其德長也。<span class="original">少則得，多則惑。</span>自然之道亦猶樹也，轉多轉遠其根，轉少轉得其本。多則遠其真，故曰惑也；少則得其本，故曰得也。<span class="original">是以聖人抱一為天下式。</span>一，少之極也。式，猶則之也。<span class="original">不自見故明，不自是故彰，不自伐故有功，不自矜故長。夫唯不爭，故天下莫能與之爭。古之所謂曲則全者，豈虛言哉！誠全而歸之。</span><p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90502"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90502" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">23</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90502" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90502"></div><span class="original">希言自然。</span>聽之不聞名曰希，下章言，道之出言，淡兮其無味也，視之不足見，聽之不足聞，然則無味不足聽之，言乃是自然之至言也。<span class="original">故飄風不終朝，驟雨不終日。孰為此者？天地。天地尚不能久，而況於人乎？</span>言暴疾美興不長也。<span class="original">故從事於道者，道者同於道，</span>從事，謂舉動，從事於道者也。道以無形無為成濟萬物，故從事於道者，以無為為君，不言為教，綿綿若存而物得其真，與道同體，故曰同於道。<span class="original">德者同於德，</span>德，少也，少則得，故曰得也。行得則與得同體，故曰，同於得也。<span class="original">失者同於失。</span>失，累多也，累多則失，故曰失也。行失則與失同體，故曰，同於失也。<span class="original">同於道者，道亦樂得之；同於德者，德亦樂得之；同於失者，失亦樂得之。</span>言隨行其所，故同而應之。<span class="original">信不足焉，有不信焉。</span>忠信不足於下，焉有不信也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90503"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90503" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">24</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90503" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90503"></div><span class="original">企者不立，</span>物尚進則失安，故曰，企者不立。<span class="original">跨者不行，自見者不明，自是者不彰，自伐者無功，自矜者不長。其在道也，曰餘食贅行。</span>其唯於道而論之，若卻至之行，盛饌之餘也。本雖美，更可薉也。雖有功而自伐之，故更為肬贅者也。<span class="original">物或惡之，故有道者不處。</span><p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90504"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90504" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">25</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90504" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90504"></div><span class="original">有物混成，先天地生。</span>混然不可得而知，而萬物由之以成，故曰混成也。不知其誰之子，故先天地生。<span class="original">寂兮寥兮，獨立不改，</span>寂寥，無形體也。無物之匹，故曰獨立也。返化終始，不失其常，故曰不改也。<span class="original">周行而不殆，可以為天下母。</span>周行無所不至而免殆，能生全大形也，故可以為天下母也。<span class="original">吾不知其名，</span>名以定形，混成無形，不可得而定，故曰，不知其名也。<span class="original">字之曰道，</span>夫名以定形，字以稱可，言道取於無物而不由也。是混成之中，可言之稱最大也。<span class="original">強為之名，曰大。</span>吾所以字之曰道者，取其可言之稱最大也。責其字定之所由，則繫於大，大有繫，則必有分，有分則失其極矣。故曰，強為之名曰大。<span class="original">大曰逝，</span>逝，行也。不守一大體而已。周行無所不至，故曰逝也。<span class="original">逝曰遠，遠曰反。</span>遠，極也。周無所不窮極，不偏於一。逝故曰遠也，不隨於所適，其體獨立，故曰反也。<span class="original">故道大，天大，地大，王亦大。</span>天地之性，人為貴，而王是人之主也。雖不職大亦復為大與三匹，故曰，王亦大也。<span class="original">域中有四大，</span>四大，道、天、地、王也。凡物有稱有名則非其極也，言道則有所由，有所由然後謂之為道，然則是道，稱中之大也，不若無稱之大也。無稱不可得而名曰域也，道天地王皆在乎無稱之內，故曰，域中有四大者也。<span class="original">而王居其一焉。</span>處人主之大也。<span class="original">人法地，地法天，天法道，道法自然。</span>法，謂法則也。人不違地，乃得全安，法地也。地不違天，乃得全載，法天也。天不違道，乃得全覆，法道也。道不違自然，乃得其性，法自然者。在方而法方，在圓而法圓，於自然無所違，自然者，無稱之言，窮極之辭也。用智不及無知，而形魄不及精象，精象不及無形，有儀不及無儀，故轉相法也。道順自然，天故資焉。天法於道，地故則焉。地法於天，人故象焉。所以為主其一之者，主也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90505"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90505" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">26</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90505" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90505"></div><span class="original">重為輕根，靜為躁君。</span>凡物輕不能載重，小不能鎮大。不行者使行，不動者制動，是以重必為輕根，靜必為躁君也。<span class="original">是以聖人終日行不離輜重。</span>以重為本，故不離。<span class="original">雖有榮觀，燕處超然。</span>不以經心也。<span class="original">奈何萬乘之主，而以身輕天下？輕則失本，躁則失君。</span>輕不鎮重也，失本為喪身也，失君為失君位也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90506"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90506" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">27</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90506" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90506"></div><span class="original">善行無轍迹，</span>順自然而行，不造不始，故物得至而無轍迹也。<span class="original">善言無瑕讁；</span>順物之性，不別不析，故無瑕讁可得其門也。<span class="original">善數不用籌策；</span>因物之數不假形也。<span class="original">善閉無關楗而不可開，善結無繩約而不可解。</span>因物自然，不設不施，故不用關楗繩約而不可開解也。此五者皆言不造不施，因物之性，不以形制物也。<span class="original">是以聖人常善救人，故無棄人；</span>聖人不立形名以檢於物，不造進向以殊棄不肖，輔萬物之自然而不為始，故曰無棄人也。不尚賢能，則民不爭，不貴難得之貨，則民不為盜，不見可欲，則民心不亂。常使民心無欲無惑，則無棄人矣。<span class="original">常善救物，故無棄物，是謂襲明。故善人者，不善人之師；</span>舉善以師不善，故謂之師矣。<span class="original">不善人者，善人之資。</span>資，取也。善人以善齊不善，以善棄不善，故不善人善人之所取也。<span class="original">不貴其師，不愛其資，雖智大迷，</span>雖有其智，自任其智，不因物，於其道必失。故曰，雖智大迷。<span class="original">是謂要妙。</span><p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90507"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90507" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">28</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90507" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90507"></div><span class="original">知其雄，守其雌，為天下谿。為天下谿，常德不離，復歸於嬰兒。</span>雄，先之屬；雌，後之屬也。知為天下之先也，必後也，是以聖人後其身而身先也。谿不求物而物自歸之，嬰兒不用智而合自然之智。<span class="original">知其白，守其黑，為天下式。</span>式，模則也。<span class="original">為天下式，常德不忒，</span>忒，差也。<span class="original">復歸於無極。</span>不可窮也。<span class="original">知其榮，守其辱，為天下谷，常德乃足，復歸於樸。</span>此三者，言常反終，後乃德全其所處也。下章云，反者道之動也。功不可取，常處其母也。<span class="original">樸散則為器，聖人用之，則為官長，</span>樸，真也。真散則百行出，殊類生，若器也。聖人因其分散，故為之立官長。以善為師，不善為資，移風易俗，復使歸於一也。<span class="original">故大制不割。</span>大制者，以天下之心為心，故無割也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90508"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90508" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">29</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90508" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90508"></div><span class="original">將欲取天下而為之，吾見其不得已。天下神器，</span>神，無形無方也。器，合成也。無形以合，故謂之神器也。<span class="original">不可為也，為者敗之，執者失之。</span>萬物以自然為性，故可因而不可為也。可通而不可執也。物有常性，而造為之，故必敗也。物有往來而執之，故必失矣。<span class="original">故物或行或隨，或歔或吹。或強或羸，或挫或隳。是以聖人去甚，去奢，去泰。</span>凡此諸或，言物事逆順反覆，不施為執割也。聖人達自然之至，暢萬物之情，故因而不為，順而不施。除其所以迷，去其所以惑，故心不亂而物性自得之也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90509"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90509" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">30</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90509" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90509"></div><span class="original">以道佐人主者，不以兵強天下。</span>以道佐人主，尚不可以兵強於天下，況人主躬於道者乎。<span class="original">其事好還。</span>為始者務欲立功生事，而有道者務欲還反無為，故云，其事好還也。<span class="original">師之所處，荊棘生焉。大軍之後，必有凶年。</span>言師凶害之物也。無有所濟，必有所傷，賊害人民，殘荒田畝，故曰荊棘生焉。<span class="original">善者果而已，不以取強。</span>果，猶濟也。言善用師者，趣以濟難而已矣，不以兵力取強於天下也。<span class="original">果而勿矜，果而勿伐，果而勿驕。</span>吾不以師道為尚，不得已而用，何矜驕之有也。<span class="original">果而不得已，果而勿強。</span>言用兵雖趣功，果濟難，然時故不得已當復用者，但當以除暴亂，不遂用果以為強也。<span class="original">物壯則老，是謂不道，不道早已。</span>壯，武力暴興，喻以兵強於天下者也。飄風不終朝，驟雨不終日，故暴興必不道早已也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90510"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90510" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">31</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90510" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90510"></div><span class="original">夫佳兵者，不祥之器，物或惡之，故有道者不處。君子居則貴左，用兵則貴右。兵者不祥之器，非君子之器，不得已而用之，恬淡為上。勝而不美，而美之者，是樂殺人。夫樂殺人者，則不可以得志於天下矣。吉事尚左，凶事尚右。偏將軍居左，上將軍居右，言以喪禮處之。殺人之眾，以哀悲泣之，戰勝，以喪禮處之。</span><p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90511"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90511" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">32</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90511" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90511"></div><span class="original">道常無名，<span class="container"><div style="display: inline-block; *display: inline; zoom: 1;'"><div class="sprite-unexpand" title="+" ><div></div></div></div><span class="subcontents" style="display: inline;">樸雖小，</span></span><sup class="refindex">1</sup>天下莫能臣也。侯王若能守之，萬物將自賓。</span>道無形不繫常，不可名，以無名為常。故曰道常無名也。樸之為物，以無為心也，亦無名，故將得道莫若守樸，夫智者可以能臣也，勇者可以武使也，巧者可以事役也，力者可以重任也，樸之為物，憒然不偏，近於無有，故曰，莫能臣也。抱樸無為，不以物累其真，不以欲害其神，則物自賓而道自得也。<span class="original">天地相合，以降甘露，民莫之令而自均。</span>言天地相合，則甘露不求而自降；我守其真性無為，則民不令而自均也。<span class="original">始制有名，名亦既有，夫亦將知止，知止所以不殆。</span>始制，謂樸散始為官長之時也。始制官長，不可不立名分以定尊卑，故始制有名也，過此以往將爭錐刀之末，故曰，名亦既有，夫亦將知止也，遂任名以號物，則失治之母，故知止所以不殆也。<span class="original">譬道之在天下，猶川谷之於江海。</span>川谷之以求江與海，非江海召之，不召不求而自歸者，世行道於天下者，不令而自均，不求而自得，故曰，猶川谷之與江海也。<p class="refs">1. 樸雖小， : <span class="etext">Inserted.</span> 本章王弼注多言「樸」，據河上公《注》本、馬王堆《老子乙》增。 <br /></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90512"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90512" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">33</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90512" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90512"></div><span class="original">知人者智，自知者明。</span>知人者，智而已矣，未若自知者超智之上也。<span class="original">勝人者有力，自勝者強。</span>勝人者，有力而已矣，未若自勝者無物以損其力，用其智於人，未若用其智於己也。用其力於人，未若用其力於己也。明用於己，則物無避焉，力用於己，則物無改焉。<span class="original">知足者富。</span>知足自不失，故富也。<span class="original">強行者有志。</span>勤能行之，其志必獲，故曰強行者有志矣。<span class="original">不失其所者久。</span>以明自察，量力而行，不失其所，必獲久長矣。<span class="original">死而不亡者壽。</span>雖死而以為生之道，不亡乃得全其壽，身沒而道猶存，況身存而道不卒乎。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90513"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90513" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">34</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90513" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90513"></div><span class="original">大道氾兮，其可左右。</span>言道氾濫，無所不適，可左右上下周旋而用，則無所不至也。<span class="original">萬物恃之而生而不辭，功成不名有。衣養萬物而不為主，常無欲，可名於小；</span>萬物皆由道而生，既生而不知所由，故天下常無欲之時，萬物各得其所，若道無施於物，故名於小矣。<span class="original">萬物歸焉而不為主，可名為大。</span>萬物皆歸之以生，而力使不知其所由，此不為小，故復可名於大矣。<span class="original">以其終不自為大，故能成其大。</span>為大於其細，圖難於其易。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90514"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90514" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">35</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90514" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90514"></div><span class="original">執大象，天下往。</span>大象，天象之母也，不寒不溫不涼，故能包統萬物，無所犯傷，主若執之，則天下往也。<span class="original">往而不害，安平太。</span>無形無識，不偏不彰，故萬物得往而不害妨也。<span class="original">樂與餌，過客止。道之出口，淡乎其無味，視之不足見，聽之不足聞，用之不可既。</span>言道之深大，人聞道之言乃更不如樂與餌應時感悅人心也。樂與餌則能令過客止，而道之出言，淡然無味，視之不足見則不足以悅其目，聽之不足聞則不足以娛其耳，若無所中然乃用之不可窮極也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90515"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90515" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">36</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90515" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90515"></div><span class="original">將欲歙之，必固張之；將欲弱之，必固強之；將欲廢之，必固興之；將欲奪之，必固與之。是謂微明。</span>將欲除強梁，去暴亂，當以此四者。因物之性，令其自戮，不假刑為大，以除將物也，故曰微明也。足其張，令之足而又求其張，則眾所歙也，與其張之不足而改其求張者，愈益而已，反危。<span class="original">柔弱勝剛強。魚不可脫於淵，國之利器不可以示人。</span>利器，利國之器也。唯因物之性，不假刑以理物，器不可覩，而物各得其所，則國之利器也。示人者，任刑也。刑以利國，則失矣。魚脫於淵則必見失矣。利國器而立刑以示人，亦必失也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90516"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90516" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">37</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90516" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90516"></div><span class="original">道常無為</span>順自然也。<span class="original">而無不為。</span>萬物無不由為，以治以成也。<span class="original">侯王若能守之，萬物將自化。化而欲作，吾將鎮之以無名之樸。</span>化而欲作，作欲成也。吾將鎮之無名之樸，不為主也。<span class="original">無名之樸，夫亦將無欲。</span>無欲競也。<span class="original">不欲以靜，天下將自定。</span><p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90517"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90517" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">38</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90517" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90517"></div><span class="original">上德不德，是以有德；下德不失德，是以無德。上德無為而無以為；下德為之而有以為。上仁為之而無以為；上義為之而有以為。上禮為之而莫之應，則攘臂而扔之。故失道而後德，失德而後仁，失仁而後義，失義而後禮。夫禮者，忠信之薄，而亂之首。前識者，道之華，而愚之始。是以大丈夫處其厚，不居其薄；處其實，不居其華。故去彼取此。</span>德者，得也。常得而無喪，利而無害，故以德為名焉。何以得德？由乎道也。何以盡德？以無為用。以無為用則莫不載也，故物無焉，則無物不經，有焉，則不足以免其生。是以天地雖廣，以無為心。聖王雖大，以虛為主。故曰，以復而視，則天地之心見。至日而思之，則先王之至覩也。故滅其私而無其身，則四海莫不瞻，遠近莫不至。殊其己而有其心，則一體不能自全，肌骨不能相容，是以上德之人，唯道是用。不德其德，無執無用，故能有德而無不為，不求而得，不為而成，故雖有德而無德名也。下德求而得之，為而成之，則立善以治物，故德名有焉。求而得之必有失焉，為而成之必有敗焉，善名生則有不善應焉，故下德為之而有以為也。無以為者，無所偏為也。凡不能無為而為之者，皆下德也。仁義禮節是也，將明德之上下，輒舉下德以對上德，至於無以為，極下德下之量，上仁是也，足及於無以為而猶為之焉。為之而無以為，故有為，為之患矣。本在無為，母在無名，棄本捨母而適其子，功雖大焉，必有不濟。名雖美焉，偽亦必生。不能不為而成，不興而治，則乃為之，故有宏普博施仁愛之者，而愛之無所偏私，故上仁為之而無以為也。愛不能兼，則有抑抗正真而義理之者，忿枉祐直，助彼攻此物事而有以心為矣，故上義為之而有以為也。直不能篤則有游飾修文，禮敬之者，尚好修敬，校責往來，則不對之閒，忿怒生焉。故上禮為之而莫之應，則攘臂而扔之。夫大之極也，其唯道乎，自此已往，豈足尊哉。故雖德盛業大，富而有萬物，猶各得其德，雖貴以無為用，不能捨無以為體也，不能捨無以為體則失其為大矣，所謂失道而後德也。以無為用，德其母，故能己不勞焉而物無不理。下此已往，則失用之母，不能無為而貴博施，不能博施而貴正直，不能正直而貴飾敬，所謂失德而後仁，失仁而後義，失義而後禮也。夫禮也，所始首於忠信不篤，通簡不陽，責備於表，機微爭制，夫仁義發於內，為之猶偽，況務外飾而可久乎。故夫禮者，忠信之薄而亂之首也。前識者，前人而識也，即下德之倫也。竭其聰明以為前識，役其智力以營庶事，雖德其情，姦巧彌密，雖豐其譽，愈喪篤實。勞而事昏，務而治薉，雖竭聖智而民愈害。舍己任物，則無為而泰。守夫素樸，則不順典制，聽彼所獲，棄此所守，識道之華而愚之首，故茍得其為功之母，則萬物作焉而不辭也。萬事存焉而不勞也，用不以形，御不以名，故仁義可顯，禮敬可彰也。夫載之以大道，鎮之以為名，則物無所尚，志無所營，各任其貞，事用其誠，則仁德厚焉，行義正焉，禮敬清焉，棄其所載，舍其所生，用其成形，役其聰明，仁則誠焉，義其競焉，禮其爭焉，故仁德之厚，非用仁之所能也，行義之正，非用義之所成也。禮敬之清，非用禮之所濟也。載之以道，統之以母，故顯之而無所尚，彰之而無所競，用夫無名，故名以篤焉。用夫無形，故形以成焉。守母以存其子，崇本以舉其末，則形名俱有而邪不生。大美配天而華不作，故母不可遠，本不可失。仁義，母之所生，非可以為母。形器，匠之所成，非可以為匠也。捨其母而用其子，棄其本而適其末，名則有所分，形則有所止，雖極其大，必有不周，雖盛其美，必有憂患，功在為之，豈足處也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90518"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90518" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">39</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90518" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90518"></div><span class="original">昔之得一者，</span>昔，始也。一，數之始而物之極也。各是一物之生，所以為主也。物皆各得此一以成，既成而舍以居成，居成則失其母，故皆裂發歇竭滅蹶也。<span class="original">天得一以清，地得一以寧，神得一以靈，谷得一以盈，萬物得一以生，侯王得一以為天下貞。其致之，</span>各以其一致此清、寧、靈、盈、生、貞。<span class="original">天無以清將恐裂，</span>用一以致清耳，非用清以清也。守一則清不失，用清則恐裂也。故為功之母，不可舍也。是以皆無用其功，恐喪其本也。<span class="original">地無以寧將恐發，神無以靈將恐歇，谷無以盈將恐竭，萬物無以生將恐滅，侯王無以貴高將恐蹶。故貴以賤為本，高以下為基。是以侯王自稱孤﹑寡﹑不穀。此非以賤為本耶？非乎？故致數輿無輿，不欲琭琭如玉，珞珞如石。</span>清不能為清，盈不能為盈，皆有其母以存其形，故清不足貴，盈不足多，貴在其母，而母無貴形。貴乃以賤為本，高乃以下為基，故致數輿乃無輿也，玉石琭琭珞珞，體盡於形，故不欲也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90519"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90519" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">40</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90519" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90519"></div><span class="original">反者道之動，</span>高以下為基，貴以賤為本，有以無為用，此其反也。動皆知其所無，則物通矣。故曰，反者道之動也。<span class="original">弱者道之用。</span>柔弱同通，不可窮極。<span class="original">天下萬物生於有，有生於無。</span>天下之物皆以有為生，有之所始，以無為本，將欲全有，必反於無也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90520"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90520" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">41</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90520" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90520"></div><span class="original">上士聞道，勤而行之；</span>有志也。<span class="original">中士聞道，若存若亡；下士聞道，大笑之。不笑，不足以為道。故建言有之：</span>建，猶立也。<span class="original">明道若昧，</span>光而不耀。<span class="original">進道若退，</span>後其身而身先，外其身而身存。<span class="original">夷道若纇，</span>纇，㘨也。大夷之道，因物之性，不執平以割物，其平不見，乃更反若纇㘨也。<span class="original">上德若谷，</span>不德其德，無所懷也。<span class="original">大白若辱，</span>知其白，守其黑，大白然後乃得。<span class="original">廣德若不足，</span>廣德不盈，廓然無形，不可滿也。<span class="original">建德若偷，</span>偷，匹也。建德者，因物自然，不立不施，故若偷匹。<span class="original">質真若渝，</span>質真者，不矜其真，故渝。<span class="original">大方無隅，</span>方而不割，故無隅也。<span class="original">大器晚成，</span>大器成天下不持全別，故必晚成也。<span class="original">大音希聲，</span>聽之不聞名曰希，不可得聞之音也。有聲則有分，有分則不宮而商矣，分則不能統眾，故有聲者非大音也。<span class="original">大象無形，</span>有形則有分，有分者不溫則炎，不炎則寒。故象而形者，非大象。<span class="original">道隱無名。夫唯道，善貸且成。</span>凡此諸善，皆是道之所成也。在象則為大象，而大象無形。在音則為大音，而大音希聲。物以之成而不見其成形，故隱而無名也。貸之非唯供其乏而已，一貸之則足以永終其德，故曰善貸也。成之不如機匠之裁，無物而不濟其形，故曰善成。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90521"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90521" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">42</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90521" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90521"></div><span class="original">道生一，一生二，二生三，三生萬物。萬物負陰而抱陽，沖氣以為和。人之所惡，唯孤﹑寡﹑不穀，而王公以為稱。故物或損之而益，或益之而損。</span>萬物萬形，其歸一也，何由致一，由於無也。由無乃一，一可謂無，已謂之一，豈得無言乎。有言有一，非二如何，有一有二，遂生乎三，從無之有，數盡乎斯，過此以往，非道之流，故萬物之生，吾知其主，雖有萬形，沖氣一焉。百姓有心，異國殊風，而得一者，王侯主焉。以一為主，一何可舍，愈多愈遠，損則近之，損之至盡，乃得其極。既謂之一，猶乃至三，況本不一而道可近乎，損之而益，豈虛言也。<span class="original">人之所教，我亦教之。</span>我之非強使人從之也，而用夫自然，舉其至理，順之必吉，違之必凶。故人相教，違之自取其凶也，亦如我之教人，勿違之也。<span class="original">強梁者不得其死，吾將以為教父。</span>強梁則必不得其死。人相教為強梁，則必如我之教人不當為強梁也。舉其強梁不得其死以教邪。若云順吾教之必吉也，故得其違教之徒，適可以為教父也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90522"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90522" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">43</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90522" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90522"></div><span class="original">天下之至柔，馳騁天下之至堅。</span>氣無所不入，水無所不出於經。<span class="original">無有入無閒，吾是以知無為之有益。</span>虛無柔弱，無所不通，無有不可窮，至柔不可折，以此推之，故知無為之有益也。<span class="original">不言之教，無為之益，天下希及之。</span><p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90523"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90523" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">44</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90523" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90523"></div><span class="original">名與身孰親？</span>尚名好高，其身必疏。<span class="original">身與貨孰多？</span>貪貨無厭，其身必少。<span class="original">得與亡孰病？</span>得多利而亡其身，何者為病也。<span class="original">是故甚愛必大費，多藏必厚亡，</span>甚愛不與物通，多藏不與物散，求之者多，攻之者眾，為物所病，故大費厚亡也。<span class="original">知足不辱，知止不殆，可以長久。</span><p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90524"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90524" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">45</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90524" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90524"></div><span class="original">大成若缺，其用不弊。</span>隨物而成，不為一象，故若缺也。<span class="original">大盈若沖，其用不窮。</span>大盈沖足，隨物而與，無所愛矜，故若沖也。<span class="original">大直若屈，</span>隨物而直，直不在一，故若屈也。<span class="original">大巧若拙，</span>大巧，因自然以成器，不造為異端，故若拙也。<span class="original">大辯若訥。</span>大辯因物而言，己無所造，故若訥也。<span class="original">躁勝寒，靜勝熱。清靜為天下正。</span>躁罷然後勝寒，靜無為以勝熱，以此推之，則清靜為天下正也。靜則全物之真，躁則犯物之性，故惟清靜乃得如上諸大也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90525"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90525" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">46</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90525" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90525"></div><span class="original">天下有道，卻走馬以糞。</span>天下有道，知足知止，無求於外，各修其內而已，故卻走馬以治田糞也。<span class="original">天下無道，戎馬生於郊。</span>貪欲無厭，不修其內，各求於外，故戎馬生於郊也。<span class="original">禍莫大於不知足；咎莫大於欲得。故知足之足，常足矣。</span><p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90526"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90526" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">47</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90526" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90526"></div><span class="original">不出戶，知天下；不窺牖，見天道。</span>事有宗，而物有主，途雖殊而同歸也，慮雖百而其致一也。道有大常，理有大致，執古之道，可以御今，雖處於今，可以知古始，故不出戶，窺牖而可知也。<span class="original">其出彌遠，其知彌少。</span>無在於一而求之於眾也，道視之不可見，聽之不可聞，搏之不可得，如其知之，不須出戶，若其不知，出愈遠愈迷也。<span class="original">是以聖人不行而知，不見而名，</span>得物之致，故雖不行而慮可知也。識物之宗，故雖不見，而是非之理可得而名也。<span class="original">不為而成。</span>明物之性，因之而已。故雖不為而使之成矣。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90527"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90527" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">48</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90527" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90527"></div><span class="original">為學日益，</span>務欲進其所能，益其所習。<span class="original">為道日損。</span>務欲反虛無也。<span class="original">損之又損，以至於無為。無為而無不為。</span>有為則有所失，故無為乃無所不為也。<span class="original">取天下常以無事，</span>動常因也。<span class="original">及其有事，</span>自己造也。<span class="original">不足以取天下。</span>失統本也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90528"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90528" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">49</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90528" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90528"></div><span class="original">聖人無常心，以百姓心為心。</span>動常因也。<span class="original">善者，吾善之；不善者，吾亦善之，</span>各因其用則善不失也。<span class="original">德善。</span>無棄人也。<span class="original">信者，吾信之；不信者，吾亦信之，德信。聖人在，天下歙歙，為天下渾其心，百姓皆注其耳目，</span>各用聰明。<span class="original">聖人皆孩之。</span>皆使和而無欲，如嬰兒也。夫天地設位，聖人成能，人謀鬼謀，百姓與能者，能者與之，資者取之，能大則大，資貴則貴，物有其宗，事有其主，如此則可冕疏充目而不懼於欺，黈纊塞耳而無戚於慢，又何為勞一身之聰明，以察百姓之情哉。夫以明察物，物亦競以其明應之，以不信察物，物亦競以其不信應之。夫天下之心，不必同其所應，不敢異則莫肯用其情矣。甚矣，害之大也，莫大於用其明矣，夫在智則人與之訟，在力則人與之爭，智不出於人而立乎訟地，則窮矣。力不出於人而立乎爭地，則危矣。未有能使人無用其智力乎己者也，如此則己以一敵人，而人以千萬敵己也。若乃多其法網，煩其刑罰，塞其徑路，攻其幽宅，則萬物失其自然，百姓喪其手足，鳥亂於上，魚亂於下，是以聖人之於天下，歙歙焉，心無所主也，為天下渾心焉，意無所適莫也。無所察焉，百姓何避，無所求焉，百姓何應，無避無應，則莫不用其情矣。人無為舍其所能而為其所不能，舍其所長而為其短，如此，則言者言其所知，行者行其所能，百姓各皆注其耳目焉，吾皆孩之而已。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90529"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90529" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">50</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90529" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90529"></div><span class="original">出生入死。</span>出生地，入死地。<span class="original">生之徒，十有三；死之徒，十有三；人之生，動之死地，亦十有三。夫何故？以其生生之厚。蓋聞善攝生者，陸行不遇兕虎，入軍不被甲兵；兕無所投其角，虎無所措其爪，兵無所容其刃。夫何故？以其無死地。</span>十有三，猶云十分有三分，取其生道，全生之極，十分有三耳。取死之道，全死之極，亦十分有三耳。而民生生之厚，更之無生之地焉，善攝生者無以生為生，故無死地也。器之害者，莫甚乎兵戈，獸之害者，莫甚乎兕虎，而令兵戈無所容其鋒刃，虎兕無所措其爪角，斯誠不以欲累其身者也，何死地之有乎。夫蚖蟺以淵為淺，而鑿穴其中，鷹鸇以山為卑，而增巢其上，矰繳不能及，網罟不能到，可謂處於無死地矣，然而卒以甘餌，乃入於無生之地，豈非生生之厚乎，故物茍不以求離其本，不以欲渝其真，雖入軍而不害，陸行而不可犯也，赤子之可則而貴信矣。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90530"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90530" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">51</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90530" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90530"></div><span class="original">道生之，德畜之，物形之，勢成之。</span>物生而後畜，畜而後形，形而後成，何由而生？道也；何得而畜？德也；何由而形？物也；何使而成，勢也。唯因也，故能無物而不形；唯勢也，故能無物而不成。凡物之所以生，功之所以成，皆有所由，有所由焉，則莫不由乎道也。故推而極之，亦至道也。隨其所因，故各有稱焉。<span class="original">是以萬物莫不尊道而貴德。</span>道者，物之所由也。德者，物之所得也。由之乃得，故曰不得不失，尊之則害，不得不貴也。<span class="original">道之尊，德之貴，夫莫之命而常自然。</span>命並作爵。<span class="original">故道生之，德畜之。長之育之，亭之毒之，養之覆之。</span>謂成其實，各得其庇蔭，不傷其體矣。<span class="original">生而不有，為而不恃，</span>為而不有。<span class="original">長而不宰。是謂玄德。</span>有德而不知其主也，出乎幽冥，是以謂之玄德也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90531"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90531" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">52</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90531" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div><div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="discuss.pl?if=en&bookid=90531" class="sprite-discuss" title="Related discussion" >Related discussion<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90531"></div><span class="original">天下有始，以為天下母。</span>善始之則善養畜之矣，故天下有始則可以為天下母矣。<span class="original">既得<sup class="refindex">1</sup>其母，以<sup class="refindex">2</sup>知其子，既知其子，復守其母，沒身<sup class="refindex">3</sup>不殆。</span>母，本也，子，末也。得本以知末，不舍本以逐末也。<span class="original">塞其兌，閉其門，</span>兌，事欲之所由生；門，事欲之所由從也。<span class="original">終身不勤。</span>無事永逸，故終身不勤也。<span class="original">開其兌，濟其事，終身不救。</span>不閉其原而濟其事，故雖終身不救。<span class="original">見小曰明，守柔曰強。</span>為治之功不在大，見大不明，見小乃明。守強不強，守柔乃強也。<span class="original">用其光，</span>顯道以去民迷。<span class="original">復歸其明，</span>不明察也。<span class="original">無遺身殃，是為習常。</span>道之常也。<p class="refs">1. 得 : <span class="etext">Originally read: </span>"知". 據《<a href="library.pl?if=en&file=88931&page=110" class="popup">古逸叢書</a>》本、馬王堆本改。<br />2. 以 : <span class="etext">Originally read: </span>"復". 據《<a href="library.pl?if=en&file=88931&page=110" class="popup">古逸叢書</a>》本、馬王堆本改。<br />3. 身 : <span class="etext">Originally read: </span>"其". 據《<a href="library.pl?if=en&file=88931&page=110" class="popup">古逸叢書</a>》本、馬王堆本改。<br /></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90532"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90532" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">53</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90532" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90532"></div><span class="original">使我介然有知，行於大道，唯施是畏。</span>言若使我可介然有知，行大道於天下，唯施為之是畏也。<span class="original">大道甚夷，而民好徑。</span>言大道蕩然正平，而民猶尚舍之而不由，好從邪徑，況復施為以塞大道之中乎。故曰，大道甚夷，而民好徑。<span class="original">朝甚除，</span>朝，宮室也。除，潔好也。<span class="original">田甚蕪，倉甚虛；</span>朝甚除，則田甚蕪，倉甚虛，設一而眾害生也。<span class="original">服文綵，帶利劍，厭飲食，財貨有餘；是為夸盜。非道也哉！</span>凡物不以其道得之則皆邪也，邪則盜也。夸而不以其道得之，竊位也，故舉非道以明非道，則皆盜夸也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90533"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90533" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">54</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90533" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90533"></div><span class="original">善建者不拔，</span>固其根而後營其末，故不拔也。<span class="original">善抱者不脫，</span>不貪於多，齊其所能，故不脫也。<span class="original">子孫以祭祀不輟。</span>子孫傳此道以祭祀則不輟也。<span class="original">修之於身，其德乃真；修之於家，其德乃餘；</span>以身及人也，修之身則真，修之家則有餘，修之不廢，所施轉大。<span class="original">修之於鄉，其德乃長；修之於國，其德乃豐；修之於天下，其德乃普。故以身觀身，以家觀家，以鄉觀鄉，以國觀國，</span>彼皆然也。<span class="original">以天下觀天下。</span>以天下百姓心觀天下之道也，天下之道，逆順吉凶，亦皆如人之道也。<span class="original">吾何以知天下然哉？以此。</span>此上之所云也。言吾何以得知天下乎，察己以知之，不求於外也，所謂不出戶以知天下者也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90534"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90534" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">55</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90534" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90534"></div><span class="original">含德之厚，比於赤子。蜂蠆虺蛇不螫，猛獸不據，攫鳥不搏。</span>赤子無求無欲，不犯眾物，故毒蟲之物無犯之人也。舍德之厚者，不犯於物，故無物以損其全也。<span class="original">骨弱筋柔而握固。</span>以柔弱之故，故握能周固。<span class="original">未知牝牡之合而全作，</span>作，長也。無物以損其身，故能全長也。言含德之厚者，無物可以損其德，渝其真，柔弱不爭而不摧折者，皆若此也。<span class="original">精之至也。終日號而不嗄，</span>無爭欲之心，故終日出聲而不嗄也。<span class="original">和之至也。知和曰常，</span>物以和為常，故知和則得常也。<span class="original">知常曰明。</span>不皦不昧，不溫不涼，此常也。無形不可得而見，曰明也。<span class="original">益生曰祥。</span>生不可益，益之則夭也。<span class="original">心使氣曰強。</span>心宜無有，使氣則強。<span class="original">物壯則老，謂之不道，不道早已。</span><p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90535"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90535" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">56</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90535" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90535"></div><span class="original">知者不言，</span>因自然也。<span class="original">言者不知。</span>造事端也。<span class="original">塞其兌，閉其門，挫其銳，</span>含守質也。<span class="original">解其分，</span>除爭原也。<span class="original">和其光，</span>無所特顯則物無所偏爭也。<span class="original">同其塵，</span>無所特賤則物無所偏恥也。<span class="original">是謂玄同。故不可得而親，不可得而疏；</span>可得而親，則可得而疏也。<span class="original">不可得而利，不可得而害；</span>可得而利，則可德而害也。<span class="original">不可得而貴，不可得而賤。</span>可得而貴，則可得而賤也。<span class="original">故為天下貴。</span>無物可以加之也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90536"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90536" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">57</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90536" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90536"></div><span class="original">以正治國，以奇用兵，以無事取天下。</span>以道治國則國平，以正治國則奇正起也，以無事則能取天下也。上章云，其取天下者，常以無事，及其有事，又不足以取天下也。故以正治國則不足以取天下，而以奇用兵也夫。以道治國，崇本以息末，以正治國，立辟以攻末，本不立而末淺，民無所及，故必至於奇用兵也。<span class="original">吾何以知其然哉？以此。天下多忌諱，而民彌貧；民多利器，國家滋昏；</span>利器，凡所以利己之器也。民強則國家弱。<span class="original">人多伎巧，奇物滋起；</span>民多智慧則巧偽生，巧偽生則邪事起。<span class="original">法令滋彰，盜賊多有。</span>立正欲以息邪，而奇兵用多；忌諱欲以恥貧，而民彌貧；利器欲以強國者也，而國愈昏多。皆舍本以治末，故以致此也。<span class="original">故聖人云：「我無為而民自化，我好靜而民自正，我無事而民自富，我無欲而民自樸。」</span>上之所欲，民從之速也。我之所欲，唯無欲而民亦無欲自樸也。此四者，崇本以息末也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90537"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90537" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">58</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90537" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90537"></div><span class="original">其政悶悶，其民淳淳；</span>言善治政者，無形無名，無事無政可舉，悶悶然，卒至於大治，故曰，其政悶悶也。其民無所爭競，寬大淳淳，故曰，其民淳淳也。<span class="original">其政察察，其民缺缺。</span>立刑名，明賞罰，以檢姦偽，故曰察察也。殊類分析，民懷爭競，故曰，其民缺缺也。<span class="original">禍兮福之所倚，福兮禍之所伏。孰知其極？其無正。</span>言誰知善治之極乎！唯無可正舉，無可形名，悶悶然而天下大化，是其極也。<span class="original">正復為奇，</span>以正治國，則便復以奇用兵矣。故曰，正復為奇。<span class="original">善復為妖。</span>立善以和萬物，則便復有妖之患也。<span class="original">人之迷，其日固久。</span>言人之迷惑失道，固久矣。不可便正善治以責。<span class="original">是以聖人方而不割，</span>以方導物，舍去其邪，不以方割物，所謂大方無隅。<span class="original">廉而不劌，</span>廉，清廉也；劌，傷也。以清廉清民，令去其邪，令去其汙，不以清廉劌傷於物也。<span class="original">直而不肆，</span>以直導物，令去其僻，而不以直激沸於物也。所謂大直若屈也。<span class="original">光而不燿。</span>以光鑑其所以迷，不以光照求其隱慝也，所謂明道若昧也，此皆崇本以息末，不攻而使復之也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90538"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90538" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">59</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90538" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90538"></div><span class="original">治人事天，莫若嗇。</span>莫若，猶莫過也。嗇，農夫，農人之治田務，去其殊類，歸於齊一也。全其自然，不急其荒病，除其所以荒病，上承天命，下綏百姓，莫過於此。<span class="original">夫唯嗇，是謂早服；</span>早服，常也。<span class="original">早服謂之重積德；</span>唯重積德不欲銳速，然後乃能使早服其常，故曰早服謂之重積德者也。<span class="original">重積德則無不克，無不克則莫知其極；</span>道無窮也。<span class="original">莫知其極，可以有國；</span>以有窮而莅國，非能有國也。<span class="original">有國之母，可以長久；</span>國之所以安謂之母，重積德是唯圖其根，然後營末，乃得其終也。<span class="original">是謂深根固柢，長生久視之道。</span><p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90539"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90539" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">60</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90539" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90539"></div><span class="original">治大國，若烹小鮮。</span>不擾也，躁則多害，靜則全真，故其國彌大，而其主彌靜，然後乃能廣得眾心矣。<span class="original">以道莅天下，其鬼不神；</span>治大國則若烹小鮮，以道蒞天下則其鬼不神也。<span class="original">非其鬼不神，其神不傷人；</span>神不害自然也，物守自然則神無所加，神無所加則不知神之為神也。<span class="original">非其神不傷人，聖人亦不傷人。</span>道洽則神不傷人，神不傷人則不知神之為神。道洽則聖人亦不傷人，聖人不傷人則不知聖人之為聖也。猶云，不知神之為神，亦不知聖之為聖也。夫恃威網以使物者，治之衰也。使不知神聖之為神聖，道之極也。<span class="original">夫兩不相傷，故德交歸焉。</span>神不傷人，聖人亦不傷人，聖人不傷人，神亦不傷人。故曰，兩不相傷也。神聖合道，交歸之也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90540"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90540" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">61</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90540" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90540"></div><span class="original">大國者下流，</span>江海居大而處下，則百川流之，大國居大而處下，則天下流之，故曰，大國下流也。<span class="original">天下之交。</span>天下所歸會也。<span class="original">天下之牝，</span>靜而不求，物自歸之也。<span class="original">牝常以靜勝牡，以靜為下。</span>以其靜故能為下也，牝，雌也。雄躁動貪欲，雌常以靜，故能勝雄也。以其靜復能為下，故物歸之也。<span class="original">故大國以下小國，</span>大國以下，猶云以大國下小國。<span class="original">則取小國；</span>小國則附之。<span class="original">小國以下大國，則取大國。</span>大國納之也。<span class="original">故或下以取，或下而取。</span>言唯修卑下，然後乃各得其所。<span class="original">大國不過欲兼畜人，小國不過欲入事人。夫兩者各得其所欲，大者宜為下。</span>小國修下自全而已，不能令天下歸之，大國修下則天下歸之。故曰，各得其所欲，則大者宜為下也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90541"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90541" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">62</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90541" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90541"></div><span class="original">道者萬物之奧。</span>奧，猶曖也。可得庇蔭之辭。<span class="original">善人之寶，</span>寶以為用也。<span class="original">不善人之所保。</span>保以全也。<span class="original">美言可以市，尊行可以加人。</span>言道無所不先，物無有貴於此也。雖有珍寶璧馬，無以匹之，美言之則可以奪眾貨之賈，故曰，美言可以市也，尊行之則千里之外應之，故曰，可以加於人也。<span class="original">人之不善，何棄之有？</span>不善當保道以免放。<span class="original">故立天子，置三公，</span>言以尊行道也。<span class="original">雖有拱璧以先駟馬，不如坐進此道。</span>此道，上之所云也。言，故立天子，置三公，尊其位，重其人，所以為道也。物無有貴於此者，故雖有拱抱寶璧以先，駟馬而進之，不如坐而進此道也。<span class="original">古之所以貴此道者何？不曰：以求得，有罪以免耶？故為天下貴。</span>以求則得求，以免則得免，無所而不施，故為天下貴也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90542"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90542" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">63</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90542" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90542"></div><span class="original">為無為，事無事，味無味。</span>以無為為居，以不言為教，以恬淡為味，治之極也。<span class="original">大小多少，報怨以德。</span>小怨則不足以報，大怨則天下之所欲誅，順天下之所同者，德也。<span class="original">圖難於其易，為大於其細；天下難事必作於易，天下大事必作於細。是以聖人終不為大，故能成其大。夫輕諾必寡信，多易必多難。是以聖人猶難之，</span>以聖人之才猶尚難於細易，況非聖人之才而欲忽於此乎，故曰，猶難之也。<span class="original">故終無難矣。</span><p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90543"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90543" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">64</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90543" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90543"></div><span class="original">其安易持，其未兆易謀。</span>以其安不忘危，持之不忘亡，謀之無功之勢，故曰易也。<span class="original">其脆易泮，其微易散。</span>雖失無入有，以其微脆之故，未足以興大功，故易也。此四者，皆說慎終也，不可以無之，故而不持，不可以微之，故而弗散也，無而弗持，則生有焉，微而不散，則生大焉，故慮終之患，如始之禍，則無敗事。<span class="original">為之於未有，</span>謂其安未兆也。<span class="original">治之於未亂。</span>謂微脆也。<span class="original">合抱之木，生於毫末；九層之臺，起於累土；千里之行，始於足下。為者敗之，執者失之。</span>當以慎終除微，慎微除亂，而以施為治之形名，執之反生事原，巧辟滋作，故敗失也。<span class="original">是以聖人無為故無敗，無執故無失。民之從事，常於幾成而敗之。</span>不慎終也。<span class="original">慎終如始，則無敗事。是以聖人欲不欲，不貴難得之貨；</span>好欲雖微，爭尚為之，興難得之貨雖細，貪盜為之起也。<span class="original">學不學，復眾人之所過。</span>不學而能者，自然也。喻於學者，過也。故學不學，以復眾人之過。<span class="original">以輔萬物之自然，而不敢為。</span><p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90544"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90544" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">65</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90544" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90544"></div><span class="original">古之善為道者，非以明民，將以愚之。</span>明，謂多見巧詐，蔽其樸也。愚謂無知守真，順自然也。<span class="original">民之難治，以其智多。</span>多智巧詐，故難治也。<span class="original">故以智治國，國之賊；</span>智，猶治也，以智而治國，所以謂之賊者，故謂之智也。民之難治，以其多智也，當務塞兌閉門，令無知無欲，而以智術動民。邪心既動，復以巧術防民之偽，民知其術，防隨而避之，思惟密巧，奸偽益滋，故曰，以智治國，國之賊也。<span class="original">不以智治國，國之福。知此兩者亦稽式。常知稽式，是謂玄德。玄德深矣，遠矣，</span>稽，同也。古今之所同則而不可費，能知稽式，是謂玄德，玄德深矣，遠矣。<span class="original">與物反矣，</span>反其真也。<span class="original">然後乃至大順。</span><p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90545"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90545" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">66</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90545" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90545"></div><span class="original">江海所以能為百谷王者，以其善下之，故能為百谷王。是以欲上民，必以言下之。欲先民，必以身後之。是以聖人處上而民不重，處前而民不害。是以天下樂推而不厭，以其不爭，故天下莫能與之爭。</span><p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90546"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90546" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">67</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90546" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90546"></div><span class="original">天下皆謂我道大，似不肖。夫唯大，故似不肖。若肖，久矣其細也夫！</span>久矣其細，猶曰其細久矣。肖則失其所以為大矣，故曰，若肖久矣，其細也夫。<span class="original">我有三寶，持而保之。一曰慈，二曰儉，三曰不敢為天下先。慈故能勇；</span>夫慈，以陳則勝，以守則固，故能勇也。<span class="original">儉故能廣；</span>節儉愛費，天下不匱，故能廣也。<span class="original">不敢為天下先，故能成器長。</span>唯後外其身，為物所歸，然後乃能立，成器為天下利，為物之長也。<span class="original">今舍慈且勇，</span>且，猶取也。<span class="original">舍儉且廣，舍後且先，死矣！夫慈以戰則勝，</span>相慜而不避於難，故勝也。<span class="original">以守則固。天將救之，以慈衛之。</span><p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90547"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90547" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">68</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90547" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90547"></div><span class="original">善為士者不武，</span>士，卒之帥也。武，尚先陵人也。<span class="original">善戰者不怒，</span>後而不先，應而不唱，故不在怒。<span class="original">善勝敵者不與，</span>不與爭也。<span class="original">善用人者為之下，是謂不爭之德，是謂用人之力，</span>用人而不為之，下則力不為用也。<span class="original">是謂配天古之極。</span><p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90548"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90548" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">69</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90548" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90548"></div><span class="original">用兵有言：「吾不敢為主而為客，不敢進寸而退尺。」是謂行無行，</span>彼遂不止。<span class="original">攘無臂，扔無敵，</span>行，謂行陳也，言以謙退哀慈，不敢為物先，用戰猶行無行，攘無臂，執無兵，扔無敵也，言無有與之抗也。<span class="original">執無兵。禍莫大於輕敵，輕敵幾喪吾寶。</span>言吾哀慈謙退，非欲以取強，無敵於天下也。不得已而卒至於無敵，斯乃吾之所以為大禍也。寶，三寶也，故曰，幾亡吾寶。<span class="original">故抗兵相加，哀者勝矣。</span>抗，舉也；加，當也。哀者，必相惜而不趣利避害，故必勝。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90549"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90549" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">70</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90549" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90549"></div><span class="original">吾言甚易知，甚易行。天下莫能知，莫能行。</span>可不出戶窺牖而知，故曰，甚易知也。無為而成，故曰甚易行也。惑於躁欲，故曰，莫之能知也。迷於榮利，故曰，莫之能行也。<span class="original">言有宗，事有君。</span>宗，萬物之宗也。君，萬物之主也。<span class="original">夫唯無知，是以不我知。</span>以其言有宗，事有君之故，故有知之人不得不知之也。<span class="original">知我者希，則我者貴。</span>唯深故知者希也，知我益希，我亦無匹，故曰，知我者希，則我者貴也。<span class="original">是以聖人被褐懷玉。</span>被褐者，同其塵，懷玉者，寶其真也。聖人之所以難知，以其同塵而不殊，懷玉而不渝，故難知而為貴也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90550"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90550" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">71</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90550" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90550"></div><span class="original">知不知上，不知知病。</span>不知知之不足任則病也。<span class="original">夫唯病病，是以不病。聖人不病，以其病病，是以不病。</span><p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90551"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90551" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">72</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90551" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90551"></div><span class="original">民不畏威，則大威至。無狎其所居，無厭其所生。</span>清靜無為謂之居，謙後不盈謂之生，離其清淨，行其躁欲，棄其謙後，任其威權，則物擾而民僻，威不能復制民，民不能堪其威，則上下大潰矣，天誅將至，故曰，民不畏威，則大威至。無狎其所居，無厭其所生，言威力不可任也。<span class="original">夫唯不厭，</span>不自厭也。<span class="original">是以不厭。</span>不自厭，是以天下莫之厭。<span class="original">是以聖人自知不自見；</span>不自見其所知，以光耀行威也。<span class="original">自愛不自貴。</span>自貴則物狎厭居生。<span class="original">故去彼取此。</span><p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90552"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90552" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">73</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90552" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90552"></div><span class="original">勇於敢則殺，</span>必不得其死也。<span class="original">勇於不敢則活。</span>必齊命也。<span class="original">此兩者，或利或害。</span>俱勇而所施者異，利害不同，故曰，或利或害也。<span class="original">天之所惡，孰知其故？是以聖人猶難之。</span>孰，誰也。言誰能知天下之所惡，意故邪，其唯聖人，夫聖人之明，猶難於勇敢，況無聖人之明而欲行之也，故曰，猶難之也。<span class="original">天之道，不爭而善勝，</span>天唯不爭，故天下莫能與之爭。<span class="original">不言而善應，</span>順則吉，逆則凶，不言而善應也。<span class="original">不召而自來，</span>處下則物自歸。<span class="original">繟然而善謀。</span>垂象而見吉凶，先事而設誠，安而不忘危，未召而謀之，故曰，繟然而善謀也。<span class="original">天網恢恢，疏而不失。</span><p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90553"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90553" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">74</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90553" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90553"></div><span class="original">民不畏死，奈何以死懼之？若使民常畏死，而為奇者，吾得執而殺之，孰敢？</span>詭異亂群謂之奇也。<span class="original">常有司殺者殺，夫代司殺者殺，是謂代大匠斲，夫代大匠斲者，希有不傷其手矣。</span>為逆順者之所惡忿也，不仁者人之所疾也。故曰，常有司殺也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90554"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90554" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">75</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90554" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90554"></div><span class="original">民之饑，以其上食稅之多，是以饑。民之難治，以其上之有為，是以難治。民之輕死，以其求生之厚，是以輕死。夫唯無以生為者，是賢於貴生。</span>言民之所以僻，治之所以亂，皆由上不由其下也，民從上也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90555"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90555" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">76</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90555" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90555"></div><span class="original">人之生也柔弱，其死也堅強。萬物草木之生也柔脆，其死也枯槁。故堅強者死之徒，柔弱者生之徒。是以兵強則不勝，</span>強兵以暴於天下者，物之所惡也，故必不得勝。<span class="original">木強則兵。</span>物所加也。<span class="original">強大處下，</span>木之本也。<span class="original">柔弱處上。</span>枝條是也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90556"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90556" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">77</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90556" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90556"></div><span class="original">天之道，其猶張弓與？高者抑之，下者舉之；有餘者損之，不足者補之。天之道，損有餘而補不足。人之道則不然，</span>與天地合德，乃能包之，如天之道。如人之量，則各有其身，不得相均，如惟無身無私乎，自然然後乃能與天地合德。<span class="original">損不足以奉有餘。孰能有餘以奉天下，唯有道者。是以聖人為而不恃，功成而不處，其不欲見賢。</span>言唯能處盈而全虛，損有以補無，和光同塵，蕩而均者，唯其道也。是以聖人不欲示其賢以均天下。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90557"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90557" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">78</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90557" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90557"></div><span class="original">天下莫柔弱於水，而攻堅強者莫之能勝，其無以易之。</span>以，用也。其謂水也，言用水之柔弱無物，可以易之也。<span class="original">弱之勝強，柔之勝剛，天下莫不知莫能行。是以聖人云：「受國之垢，是謂社稷主；受國不祥，是為天下王。」正言若反。</span><p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90558"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90558" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">79</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90558" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90558"></div><span class="original">和大怨，必有餘怨，</span>不明理其契以致大怨已至而德和之，其傷不復，故有餘怨也。<span class="original">安可以為善？是以聖人執左契，</span>左契防怨之所由生也。<span class="original">而不責於人。有德司契，</span>有德之人念思其契，不念怨生而後責於人也。<span class="original">無德司徹。</span>徹，司人之過也。<span class="original">天道無親，常與善人。</span><p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90559"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90559" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">80</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90559" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90559"></div><span class="original">小國寡民。</span>國既小，民又寡，尚可使反古，況國大民眾乎，故舉小國而言也。<span class="original">使有什伯之器而不用，</span>言使民雖有什伯之器而無所用，何患不足也。<span class="original">使民重死而不遠徙。</span>使民不用，惟身是寶，不貪貨賂，故各安其居，重死而不遠徙也。<span class="original">雖有舟輿，無所乘之，雖有甲兵，無所陳之。使人復結繩而用之，甘其食，美其服，安其居，樂其俗。鄰國相望，雞犬之聲相聞，民至老死，不相往來。</span>無所欲求。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> <tr id="n90560"><td align="right" valign="top" style="width: 50px; text-align: left;"><a href="dao-de-zhen-jing-zhu#n90560" class="popup" style="font-size: 12pt;">81</a> <div style="display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline;'"><a href="dictionary.pl?if=en&id=90560" class="sprite-more" title="Jump to dictionary" rel="nofollow">Jump to dictionary<div style="display: inline;"></div></a></div></td><td valign="top" style="white-space: nowrap; color: #777777;" class="ctext opt">道德真經... :</td><td class="ctext"> <div id="comm90560"></div><span class="original">信言不美，</span>實在質也。<span class="original">美言不信。</span>本在樸也。<span class="original">善者不辯，辯者不善。知者不博，</span>極在一也。<span class="original">博者不知。聖人不積，</span>無私自有，唯善是與，任物而已。<span class="original">既以為人己愈有，</span>物所尊也。<span class="original">既以與人己愈多。</span>物所歸也。<span class="original">天之道，利而不害；</span>動常生成之也。<span class="original">聖人之道，為而不爭。</span>順天之利不相傷也。<p class="ctext"></p></td></tr> </table><div id="rhsbar"><div class="rhsbox"><span class="opt"><b>Full-text search</b><br /></span><form method="get" action="text.pl"> <input type="hidden" name="node" value="90479" /> Search <b>道德真經註</b> for:<br /> <input type="hidden" name="dc" value="on" /> <input type="hidden" name="di" value="on" /> <input type="hidden" name="if" id="if" value="en" /> <input type="text" name="searchu" size="20" value="" 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