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Digital television in the United Kingdom - Wikipedia

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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Overview of digital television in the United Kingdom</div> <p> There are four major forms of <a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital television</a> (DTV) broadcast in the United Kingdom: a <a href="/wiki/Satellite" title="Satellite">direct-to-home satellite</a> service from the <a href="/wiki/Astra_28.2%C2%B0E" title="Astra 28.2°E">Astra 28.2°E</a> satellites provided by <a href="/wiki/Sky_UK" title="Sky UK">Sky UK</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">cable television</a> service provided by <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="Virgin Media">Virgin Media</a> (known as <a href="/wiki/Virgin_TV" title="Virgin TV">Virgin TV</a>); a free-to-air satellite service called <a href="/wiki/Freesat" title="Freesat">Freesat</a>; and a free-to-air digital <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_television" title="Terrestrial television">terrestrial</a> service called <a href="/wiki/Freeview_(UK)" title="Freeview (UK)">Freeview</a>. In addition, an <a href="/wiki/IPTV" class="mw-redirect" title="IPTV">IPTV</a> system known as <a href="/wiki/EE_TV" title="EE TV">EE TV</a> is provided by <a href="/wiki/EE_(telecommunications)" title="EE (telecommunications)">EE</a>. Individual access methods vary throughout the country. 77% of the United Kingdom has access to <a href="/wiki/HDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="HDTV">HDTV</a> via <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_television" title="Terrestrial television">terrestrial</a> digital television.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Satellite is the only source of HDTV broadcast available for the remaining 23%. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_forms_of_broadcast_DTV">Major forms of broadcast DTV</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_television_in_the_United_Kingdom&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Major forms of broadcast DTV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terrestrial">Terrestrial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_television_in_the_United_Kingdom&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Terrestrial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom">Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom</a></div> <p>The initial attempt at launching a digital terrestrial broadcasting service, <a href="/wiki/ONdigital" class="mw-redirect" title="ONdigital">ONdigital</a> (later called <a href="/wiki/ITV_Digital" title="ITV Digital">ITV Digital</a>), was unsuccessful and the company went into liquidation. Some observers have argued that this failure stemmed from the Government's eagerness in having sold off too much TV spectrum to launch <a href="/wiki/Channel_5_(British_TV_channel)" title="Channel 5 (British TV channel)">Channel 5</a> (the last UK terrestrial analogue channel), and ONdigital's short-sightedness in over-extending its use of available bandwidth: using poor signal encoding to maintain compatibility with early <a href="/wiki/Set-top_box" title="Set-top box">set-top boxes</a>, optimising their broadcasts for capacity rather than reliability, and cramming too many channels into the available bandwidth. </p><p>ITV Digital was replaced in late 2002 by <a href="/wiki/Freeview_(UK)" title="Freeview (UK)">Freeview</a>, which uses the same <a href="/wiki/DVB-T" title="DVB-T">DVB-T</a> technology, but with higher levels of <a href="/wiki/Error_correction" class="mw-redirect" title="Error correction">error correction</a> and more robust (but lower-capacity) modulation on the "Public Service" multiplexes in an attempt to counter the reception problems which dogged its predecessor. Rather than concentrating on <a href="/wiki/Pay_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Pay TV">Pay TV</a> services, <a href="/wiki/Freeview_(UK)" title="Freeview (UK)">Freeview</a> uses the available capacity to provide a <a href="/wiki/Free-to-air" title="Free-to-air">free-to-air</a> service that includes all the existing five free-to-air analogue terrestrial channels and about twenty new digital channels. All services are transmitted in <a href="/wiki/Standard_definition" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard definition">standard definition</a>—<a href="/wiki/576i" title="576i">576i</a> in the UK—many using an <a href="/wiki/Anamorphic_widescreen" title="Anamorphic widescreen">anamorphic widescreen</a> format. </p><p>31 March 2004 saw the return of a limited pay-television offering to the digital terrestrial platform with the launch of <a href="/wiki/Top_Up_TV" title="Top Up TV">Top Up TV</a>. This new service is designed to appeal to those who do not want to pay the higher subscription fees that Sky Television and the Cable networks demanded. The service carries some of the UK's most watched channels including the <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel" title="Discovery Channel">Discovery Channel</a>, <a href="/wiki/UKTV_Gold" class="mw-redirect" title="UKTV Gold">UKTV Gold</a>, Discovery Real Time, <a href="/wiki/British_Eurosport" class="mw-redirect" title="British Eurosport">British Eurosport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cartoon_Network" title="Cartoon Network">Cartoon Network</a>. The 10 channels are split into five different slots and broadcast for only part of the day. In October 2006, Top Up TV became Top Up TV Anytime, taking advantage of the increase in the popularity of <a href="/wiki/Personal_video_recorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal video recorder">PVRs</a>, and its limited channel space. Now over 100 programs are broadcast overnight and added to the box's <a href="/wiki/Hard_disk" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard disk">hard disk</a>, so that it may be watched at any time. Channels that joined the service include <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon" title="Nickelodeon">Nickelodeon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hallmark_Channel" title="Hallmark Channel">Hallmark Channel</a>. </p><p>2005 saw the first areas of the United Kingdom losing their analogue signal in a pilot test. The residents of Ferryside and Llansteffan in <a href="/wiki/Carmarthenshire" title="Carmarthenshire">Carmarthenshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> who had not already upgraded to digital television were given a free set-top box to receive the <a href="/wiki/Freeview_(UK)" title="Freeview (UK)">Freeview</a> television service, which includes <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> (previously unavailable terrestrially from transmitters in Wales) and <a href="/wiki/S4C" title="S4C">S4C</a>~2, which broadcasts sessions of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_for_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly for Wales">National Assembly for Wales</a>. Digital transmissions for this pilot commenced in December 2004, at which time a message was added to the analogue picture advising viewers that the analogue services would end in February 2005. The pilot paved the way for full switch-over to digital television signals throughout the United Kingdom by the Government's deadline of 2012. </p><p>The year 2005 also saw the announcement by <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a> of the proposed <a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television_in_the_United_Kingdom#Digital_switchover" title="Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom">analogue switch off</a> plans for the UK. It is proposed that the switch off would progress on an <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> region by region basis starting in 2008 starting in the <a href="/wiki/Border_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Border Television">Border Television</a> region and ending in the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel Television">Channel Television</a> region in 2012. The coverage of the three public service multiplexes will be the same as that enjoyed by the current analogue TV stations, while the three commercial multiplexes will cover approximately 90% of the UK population. To improve long standing interference issues in the <a href="/wiki/Meridian_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Meridian Broadcasting">Meridian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anglia_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglia Television">Anglia</a> franchise areas a small number of new transmitters will be brought into service when those regions are converted in 2010 and 2011. These plans were confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Culture">Secretary of State for Culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tessa_Jowell" title="Tessa Jowell">Tessa Jowell</a>, on 15 September 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/4247622.stm">[1]</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Freeview_HD">Freeview HD</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_television_in_the_United_Kingdom&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Freeview HD"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Freeview HD launched in December 2009, from the Crystal Palace and Winter Hill transmitters, to coincide with digital switchover at the latter. Receivers did not, however, appear in the shops until February 2010. <a href="/wiki/BBC_HD" title="BBC HD">BBC HD</a>, <a href="/wiki/ITV_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="ITV HD">ITV HD</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One HD</a> and <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4 HD</a> are the currently available terrestrial HDTV channels. The broadcast mode is <a href="/wiki/DVB-T2" title="DVB-T2">DVB-T2</a>, using MPEG4 encoding. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> and <a href="/wiki/Channel_5_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel 5 (UK)">Channel 5</a> ran terrestrial HDTV trials involving 450 homes in the <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> area during June–December 2006 on locally unused frequencies <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/11_november/08/hdtv.shtml">[2]</a>. As part of this trial, the BBC broadcast <a href="/wiki/BBC_HD" title="BBC HD">BBC HD</a> <a href="/wiki/Free_to_air" class="mw-redirect" title="Free to air">free to air</a>. The trial homes received an HD-capable set-top box; the services could also be received and played back by a PC equipped with a DVB-T card that is within range (as the broadcast is not encrypted) using a software H.264 decoder. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cable">Cable</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_television_in_the_United_Kingdom&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Cable"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cable_television#United_Kingdom" title="Cable television">Cable television in the United Kingdom</a></div> <p>Digital cable in the United Kingdom is available through <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="Virgin Media">Virgin Media</a> and several local cable companies. </p><p>Trials of the UK's first <a href="/wiki/HDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="HDTV">HDTV</a> service began on 2 December 2005. <a href="/wiki/Telewest" title="Telewest">Telewest</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Cable_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Cable TV">cable TV</a> company now part of <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="Virgin Media">Virgin Media</a>, distributed <a href="/wiki/HDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="HDTV">HDTV</a> programs to 400 customers in the south <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> area. Following the merger of <a href="/wiki/NTL_Incorporated" title="NTL Incorporated">NTL</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Telewest" title="Telewest">Telewest</a> and the creation of <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="Virgin Media">Virgin Media</a>, <a href="/wiki/HDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="HDTV">HDTV</a> was rolled out across the network, including former NTL areas. The service is provided via a <a href="/wiki/Personal_video_recorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal video recorder">personal video recorder</a>, branded as <a href="/wiki/V%2B" title="V+">V+</a> and formally known as <a href="/wiki/TV_Drive" class="mw-redirect" title="TV Drive">TV Drive</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Satellite">Satellite</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_television_in_the_United_Kingdom&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Satellite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 1 November 2005 <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> turned off <a href="/wiki/VideoGuard" title="VideoGuard">encryption</a> on all of its satellite based signals, following the lead from the BBC. These transmissions are on a limited spotbeam which is aimed primarily towards the United Kingdom, via the <a href="/wiki/Astra_2D" title="Astra 2D">Astra 2D</a> satellite located at <a href="/wiki/Astra_28.2%C2%B0E" title="Astra 28.2°E">28.2° east</a>. This theoretically limits reception to the UK, Ireland, Iceland and the northern region of France, allowing ITV to fulfil licensing agreements with content producers. However, many people report successful reception of these signals from across Europe by using larger dishes. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sky%2B_HD" title="Sky+ HD">Sky HD</a> is offered by <a href="/wiki/Sky_UK" title="Sky UK">Sky</a> in both the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> as an add-on to their existing Sky subscription service. The BBC is broadcasting <a href="/wiki/BBC_HD" title="BBC HD">BBC HD</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Free-to-air" title="Free-to-air">free-to-air</a> channel from the <a href="/wiki/Astra_2D" title="Astra 2D">Astra 2D</a> satellite, and the channel can be viewed for free with suitable satellite reception equipment. There are additional equipment and subscription charges for HD from Sky TV but they are broadcasting an increasing number of channels in the HD format. Sky also offers a free-to-air version of its regular Sky service known as <a href="/wiki/Freesat_from_Sky" title="Freesat from Sky">Freesat from Sky</a>. Freesat from Sky provides a non-subscription card for public service broadcast channels <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> and <a href="/wiki/Channel_5_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel 5 (UK)">Channel 5</a>, however Channel 4 London, <a href="/wiki/Film4" title="Film4">Film4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Film4%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Film4+1">Film4+1</a> are free-to-air. </p><p>In September 2005, the BBC and ITV announced a free-to-air satellite service as a competitor to Freesat from Sky, to be called <a href="/wiki/Freesat" title="Freesat">Freesat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Launched in May 2008, Freesat offers all BBC and ITV digital TV channels, plus other channels, interactive services, and radio channels, all using existing broadcasts from <a href="/wiki/Astra_28.2%C2%B0E" title="Astra 28.2°E">Astra 28.2°E</a>. It is being touted as the satellite equivalent to Freeview, especially for areas unable to receive the Freeview <a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television" title="Digital terrestrial television">DTT</a> service.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="High-definition">High-definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_television_in_the_United_Kingdom&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: High-definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High-definition_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="High-definition television in the United Kingdom">High-definition television in the United Kingdom</a></div> <p>The UK now has 3 main ways of accessing high definition television channels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Free-to-air">Free-to-air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_television_in_the_United_Kingdom&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Free-to-air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The BBC has launched its own high-definition service called <a href="/wiki/BBC_HD" title="BBC HD">BBC HD</a> which is currently available via Digital Satellite. Rather than simulcasting one of the corporation's existing channels, the channel broadcasts for several hours per day and broadcasts a selection of its high-definition programming. </p><p>BBC HD is also available on <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="Virgin Media">Virgin Media</a> and Freeview. </p><p>BBC One HD was launched on 3 November 2010 on Sky, Virgin, Freesat and Freeview. </p><p>During 2006, ITV trialled its high-definition service <a href="/wiki/ITV_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="ITV HD">ITV HD</a>. This trial was a Digital Terrestrial trial which broadcast only from the <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace_transmitting_station" title="Crystal Palace transmitting station">Crystal Palace transmitting station</a> in London. The channel was transitioned as a full service initially only on Freesat in Spring 2008.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Free-to-view">Free-to-view</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_television_in_the_United_Kingdom&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Free-to-view"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Channel 4 launched a high-definition simulcast, <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4 HD</a> of its main channel on digital satellite on 10 December 2007. It also took part in the terrestrial trial mentioned above and launched on Freeview on 31 March 2010. </p><p>ITV HD, which first aired on 7 June 2008, operated as an occasional service as part of the Freesat network, available on the "red button" with Freesat receivers only. It then relaunched as ITV1 HD on 2 April 2010 as a full service across all platforms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subscription">Subscription</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_television_in_the_United_Kingdom&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Subscription"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sky_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky (UK)">Sky</a> offers HD sports channels, along with a HD sports news channel, HD movie channels, and several other subscription HD channels, such as Discovery HD. </p><p>Public consultation on the Trust's provisional conclusions on the proposed BBC HD service ended on 23 October 2007. <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_television_in_the_United_Kingdom&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom">Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_transition" title="Digital television transition">Digital television transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_TV_Group" title="Digital TV Group">Digital TV Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="HDTV">HDTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astra_28.2%C2%B0E" title="Astra 28.2°E">Astra 28.2°E</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_television_in_the_United_Kingdom&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100325225227/http://www.freeview.co.uk/freeview/Help/Getting-Freeview-and-Coverage2/Freeview-reception">"reception"</a>. Freeview. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freeview.co.uk/freeview/Help/Getting-Freeview-and-Coverage2/Freeview-reception">the original</a> on 25 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=reception&amp;rft.pub=Freeview&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffreeview.co.uk%2Ffreeview%2FHelp%2FGetting-Freeview-and-Coverage2%2FFreeview-reception&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+television+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allyours.virginmedia.com/websales/service.do?id=1">"Virgin Media Deals - Broadband, TV &amp; Phone"</a>. <i>virginmedia.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=virginmedia.com&amp;rft.atitle=Virgin+Media+Deals+-+Broadband%2C+TV+%26+Phone&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallyours.virginmedia.com%2Fwebsales%2Fservice.do%3Fid%3D1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+television+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4221722.stm">"BBC and ITV to start Sky TV rival"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 7 September 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=BBC+and+ITV+to+start+Sky+TV+rival&amp;rft.date=2005-09-07&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F4221722.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+television+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4223086.stm">"Q&amp;A: Freesat"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 7 September 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Q%26A%3A+Freesat&amp;rft.date=2005-09-07&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F4223086.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+television+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012151648/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/consult/open_consultations/hdtv_consult.html">"BBC Trust public consultation on the proposed high definition television (HDTV) channel"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/consult/open_consultations/hdtv_consult.html">the original</a> on 12 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=BBC+Trust+public+consultation+on+the+proposed+high+definition+television+%28HDTV%29+channel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fbbctrust%2Fconsult%2Fopen_consultations%2Fhdtv_consult.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigital+television+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_television_in_the_United_Kingdom&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ricability-digitaltv.org.uk/">Digital TV Consumer test reports</a> UK Government-funded website to support Digital Switchover</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071201165147/http://www.ebu.ch/en/technical/trev/trev_300-wood.pdf">High Definition for Europe - a progressive approach</a>, article from the <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">EBU</a> technical review</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110420114552/http://www.digitaltelevision.gov.uk/">Government</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freeview.co.uk">Freeview</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.topuptv.co.uk">Top Up TV</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virginmedia.com">Virgin Media</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sky.com">Sky</a> (BSkyB)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ofcom.org.uk/consult/condocs/pods/statement/">OFCOM digital switchover proposal</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged July 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#8205;</span>&#93;</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.everyonetv.co.uk/">Everyone TV (formerly Digital UK)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100816111555/http://www.radioandtelly.co.uk/index.html">Radio and Telly in the UK</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111112204651/http://www.tvpackages.co.uk/">TV Packages in the UK</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television_in_Bulgaria" title="Digital terrestrial television in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_in_Canada" title="Digital television in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television_in_Denmark" title="Digital terrestrial television in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television_in_Estonia" title="Digital terrestrial television in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television_in_Finland" title="Digital terrestrial television in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television_in_Indonesia" title="Digital terrestrial television in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Digital terrestrial television in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_in_Malaysia" title="Digital television in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_in_the_Netherlands" title="Digital television in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television_in_the_Philippines" title="Digital terrestrial television in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Poland" title="Television in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television_in_Portugal" title="Digital terrestrial television in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television_in_Sweden" title="Digital terrestrial television in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television_in_Thailand" title="Digital terrestrial television in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_in_the_United_States" title="Digital television in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_transition_in_the_United_States" title="Digital television transition in the United States">transition</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_transition" title="Digital television transition">Digital television transition</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Media in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Media in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Media in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mass media in the United Kingdom">Media in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="UK_national_newspapers,_magazines,_and_other_periodicals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">UK national newspapers, magazines, and other periodicals</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Newspapers(History,_Circulation)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of newspapers in the United Kingdom">Newspapers</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/History_of_British_newspapers" title="History of British newspapers">History</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_United_Kingdom_by_circulation" title="List of newspapers in the United Kingdom by circulation">Circulation</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Broadsheet" title="Broadsheet">Broadsheet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Telegraph" title="The Sunday Telegraph">The Sunday Telegraph</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Compact_(newspaper)" title="Compact (newspaper)">Compact</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/I_(newspaper)" title="I (newspaper)">i</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle-market_newspaper" title="Middle-market newspaper">Middle-market</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Express" title="Daily Express">Daily Express</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mail_on_Sunday" title="The Mail on Sunday">The Mail on Sunday</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tabloid_(newspaper_format)" title="Tabloid (newspaper format)">Tabloid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mirror" title="Daily Mirror">Daily Mirror</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Mirror" title="Sunday Mirror">Sunday Mirror</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Morning_Star_(British_newspaper)" title="Morning Star (British newspaper)">Morning Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_People" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sunday People">The Sunday People</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Star_(United_Kingdom)" title="Daily Star (United Kingdom)">Daily Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Star_Sunday" title="Daily Star Sunday">Daily Star Sunday</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)" title="The Sun (United Kingdom)">The Sun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Sport" title="Sunday Sport">Sunday Sport</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weekend_Sport_(tabloid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Weekend Sport (tabloid)">Weekend Sport</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Midweek_Sport" class="mw-redirect" title="Midweek Sport">Midweek Sport</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines and<br />other periodicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_magazines_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of magazines in the United Kingdom">List of magazines in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_magazines_by_circulation#United_Kingdom" title="List of magazines by circulation">List of magazines by circulation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Radio_in_the_UK" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Radio in the United Kingdom">Radio in the UK</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#National_analogue_and_digital_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">National<br />stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio" title="BBC Radio">BBC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1" title="BBC Radio 1">BBC Radio 1</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1Xtra" title="BBC Radio 1Xtra">BBC Radio 1Xtra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_2" title="BBC Radio 2">BBC Radio 2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_3" title="BBC Radio 3">BBC Radio 3</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4_Extra" title="BBC Radio 4 Extra">BBC Radio 4 Extra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Live" title="BBC Radio 5 Live">BBC Radio 5 Live</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Sports_Extra" title="BBC Radio 5 Sports Extra">BBC Radio 5 Sports Extra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_6_Music" title="BBC Radio 6 Music">BBC Radio 6 Music</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Asian_Network" title="BBC Asian Network">BBC Asian Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_National_DAB" title="BBC National DAB">BBC National DAB</a> (multiplex)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Independent_National_Radio" title="Independent National Radio">Independent<br />/ commercial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_Network" title="Absolute Radio Network">Absolute Radio Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/British_Forces_Broadcasting_Service" title="British Forces Broadcasting Service">BFBS Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Capital_(radio_network)" title="Capital (radio network)">Capital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Capital_Xtra" title="Capital Xtra">Capital Xtra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Classic_FM_(UK)" title="Classic FM (UK)">Classic FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Digital_One" title="Digital One">Digital One</a> (multiplex)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gold_(British_radio_network)" title="Gold (British radio network)">Gold</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio" title="Greatest Hits Radio">Greatest Hits Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Heart_(radio_network)" title="Heart (radio network)">Heart</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hits_Radio" title="Hits Radio">Hits Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jazz_FM_(UK)" title="Jazz FM (UK)">Jazz FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kiss_Network" title="Kiss Network">Kiss Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/LBC" title="LBC">LBC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/LBC_News" title="LBC News">LBC News</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Magic_(UK_radio_station)" title="Magic (UK radio station)">Magic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Magic_Classical" title="Magic Classical">Magic Classical</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Premier_Christian_Radio" title="Premier Christian Radio">Premier Christian Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RNIB_Connect_Radio" title="RNIB Connect Radio">RNIB Connect Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sound_Digital" title="Sound Digital">Sound Digital</a> (multiplex)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Smooth_Radio_(2014)" title="Smooth Radio (2014)">Smooth Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Talksport" title="Talksport">talkSPORT</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Talkradio" title="Talkradio">TalkRadio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Times_Radio" title="Times Radio">Times Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/United_Christian_Broadcasters" title="United Christian Broadcasters">UCB UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_UK" title="Virgin Radio UK">Virgin Radio UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Radio_X_(United_Kingdom)" title="Radio X (United Kingdom)">Radio X</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Local_and_regional_analogue_and_digital_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">Regional<br />and local<br />stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Local_Radio" title="BBC Local Radio">BBC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#BBC_Local_Radio" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of BBC Local Radio stations</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Scotland" title="BBC Radio Scotland">BBC Radio Scotland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_nan_G%C3%A0idheal" title="BBC Radio nan Gàidheal">BBC Radio nan Gàidheal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Ulster" title="BBC Radio Ulster">BBC Radio Ulster</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Foyle" title="BBC Radio Foyle">BBC Radio Foyle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Wales" title="BBC Radio Wales">BBC Radio Wales</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cymru" title="BBC Radio Cymru">BBC Radio Cymru</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cymru_2" title="BBC Radio Cymru 2">Cymru 2</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Local_Radio" title="Independent Local Radio">Independent<br />/ commercial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Community_radio_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of community radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Commercial_radio" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of local commercial radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Semi-national_analogue_and_digital_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of semi-national / regional analogue and digital radio stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Hospital_radio_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of hospital radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_radio_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Pirate radio in the United Kingdom">Pirate radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restricted_Service_Licence" title="Restricted Service Licence">Restricted Service Licence</a> (RSL) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#RSL_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of RSL stations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Satellite_radio_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of satellite radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Student_and_schools_radio" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of student and schools radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House" title="Broadcasting House">Broadcasting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting_in_the_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="FM broadcasting in the UK">FM broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dock10_(television_facility)" title="Dock10 (television facility)">Dock10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Academy" title="Radio Academy">Radio Academy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Academy_Awards" title="Radio Academy Awards">Radio Academy Awards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Independents_Group" title="Radio Independents Group">Radio Independents Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAJAR" title="RAJAR">RAJAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-listened-to_radio_programs" title="List of most-listened-to radio programs">Most listened to programmes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Television_in_the_UK" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Television in the United Kingdom">Television in the UK</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Principalchannels(List)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principal<br />channels<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_television_channels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of television channels in the United Kingdom">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Television" title="BBC Television">BBC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Three" title="BBC Three">BBC Three</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Four" title="BBC Four">BBC Four</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News (TV channel)">BBC News</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Parliament" title="BBC Parliament">BBC Parliament</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Alba" title="BBC Alba">BBC Alba</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Scotland_(TV_channel)" title="BBC Scotland (TV channel)">BBC Scotland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CBBC" title="CBBC">CBBC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CBeebies" title="CBeebies">CBeebies</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/ITV1" title="ITV1">ITV1</a>/<a href="/wiki/STV_(TV_channel)" title="STV (TV channel)">STV</a>/<a href="/wiki/UTV_(TV_channel)" title="UTV (TV channel)">UTV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/ITV2" title="ITV2">ITV2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/ITV3" title="ITV3">ITV3</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/ITV4" title="ITV4">ITV4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/ITVBe" title="ITVBe">ITVBe</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">Channel 4</a>/<a href="/wiki/S4C_Authority" title="S4C Authority">S4C</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/S4C" title="S4C">S4C</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/E4_(TV_channel)" title="E4 (TV channel)">E4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/E4_Extra" title="E4 Extra">E4 Extra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Film4" title="Film4">Film4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/More4" title="More4">More4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/4seven" title="4seven">4seven</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Networks_UK_%26_Australia" title="Paramount Networks UK &amp; Australia">Paramount</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Channel_5_(British_TV_channel)" title="Channel 5 (British TV channel)">Channel 5</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/5Star" title="5Star">5Star</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/5USA" title="5USA">5USA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/5Select" title="5Select">5Select</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/5Action" title="5Action">5Action</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_(British_TV_channel)" title="Comedy Central (British TV channel)">Comedy Central</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_Extra" title="Comedy Central Extra">Comedy Central Extra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MTV_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MTV_Music_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV Music (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV Music</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MTV_Hits_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV Hits (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV Hits</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MTV_80s_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV 80s (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV 80s</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MTV_90s_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV 90s (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV 90s</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (British and Irish TV channel)">Nickelodeon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nicktoons_(British_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicktoons (British TV channel)">Nicktoons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Nick Jr. (British and Irish TV channel)">Nick Jr.</a></dd> <dd>Nick Jr. Too</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sky_UK" title="Sky UK">Sky UK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Challenge_(TV_channel)" title="Challenge (TV channel)">Challenge</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Arts" title="Sky Arts">Sky Arts</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Atlantic" title="Sky Atlantic">Sky Atlantic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Cinema" title="Sky Cinema">Sky Cinema</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Comedy" title="Sky Comedy">Sky Comedy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Crime" title="Sky Crime">Sky Crime</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Documentaries" title="Sky Documentaries">Sky Documentaries</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_(European_TV_channel)" title="History (European TV channel)">Sky History</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/H2_(A%26E_Networks)" title="H2 (A&amp;E Networks)">Sky History 2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Kids_(TV_channel)" title="Sky Kids (TV channel)">Sky Kids</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Max" title="Sky Max">Sky Max</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Mix" title="Sky Mix">Sky Mix</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Nature" title="Sky Nature">Sky Nature</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Replay" title="Sky Replay">Sky Replay</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sci-Fi" title="Sky Sci-Fi">Sky Sci-Fi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Showcase" title="Sky Showcase">Sky Showcase</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Box_Office" title="Sky Box Office">Sky Sports Box Office</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sports_F1" title="Sky Sports F1">Sky Sports F1</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sports_News" title="Sky Sports News">Sky Sports News</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sports_Racing" title="Sky Sports Racing">Sky Sports Racing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sports" title="Sky Sports">Sky Sports</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Witness_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky Witness (TV channel)">Sky Witness</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/UKTV" title="UKTV">UKTV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Alibi" title="U&amp;Alibi">U&amp;Alibi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Dave" title="U&amp;Dave">U&amp;Dave</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Drama" title="U&amp;Drama">U&amp;Drama</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Eden" title="U&amp;Eden">U&amp;Eden</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Gold" title="U&amp;Gold">U&amp;Gold</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26W" title="U&amp;W">U&amp;W</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Yesterday" title="U&amp;Yesterday">U&amp;Yesterday</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery_EMEA" title="Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA">Warner Bros. Discovery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Animal_Planet_(British_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal Planet (British TV channel)">Animal Planet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boomerang_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Boomerang (British and Irish TV channel)">Boomerang</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Cartoon Network (British and Irish TV channel)">Cartoon Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartoonito_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Cartoonito (British and Irish TV channel)">Cartoonito</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CNN_International" title="CNN International">CNN International</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Discovery Channel (British and Irish TV channel)">Discovery Channel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Discovery_History" title="Discovery History">Discovery History</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Science_(European_TV_channel)" title="Discovery Science (European TV channel)">Discovery Science</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Turbo" title="Discovery Turbo">Discovery Turbo</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/DMAX_(British_TV_channel)" title="DMAX (British TV channel)">DMAX</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eurosport_1" title="Eurosport 1">Eurosport 1</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eurosport_2" title="Eurosport 2">Eurosport 2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Food_Network" title="Food Network">Food Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/HGTV_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="HGTV (British and Irish TV channel)">HGTV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Investigation_Discovery_(European_TV_channel)" title="Investigation Discovery (European TV channel)">Investigation Discovery</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Quest_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quest (TV channel)">Quest</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Quest_Red" title="Quest Red">Quest Red</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Really_(TV_channel)" title="Really (TV channel)">Really</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/TLC_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="TLC (British and Irish TV channel)">TLC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/TNT_Sports_(United_Kingdom)" title="TNT Sports (United Kingdom)">TNT Sports</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Narrative Entertainment UK Limited</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Great!_Action" title="Great! Action">Great! Action</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Great!_Movies" title="Great! Movies">Great! Movies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Great!_Romance" title="Great! Romance">Great! Romance</a></dd> <dd>Great! Real</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Great!_TV" title="Great! TV">Great! TV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pop_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Pop (British and Irish TV channel)">Pop</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pop_Max" title="Pop Max">Pop Max</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services<br />and<br />platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Amazon Prime Video">Amazon Prime Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_iPlayer" title="BBC iPlayer">BBC iPlayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_television_by_region#United_Kingdom" title="Cable television by region">cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_4_(VoD_service)" title="Channel 4 (VoD service)">Channel 4</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">digital</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom">digital terrestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_DTT_channels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of DTT channels in the United Kingdom">List of channels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney%2B" title="Disney+">Disney+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EE_TV" title="EE TV">EE TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freely" title="Freely">Freely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freesat" title="Freesat">Freesat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freesat%2B" title="Freesat+">Freesat+</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeview_(UK)" title="Freeview (UK)">Freeview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="High-definition television in the United Kingdom">high-definition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_HD_channels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of HD channels in the United Kingdom">List of channels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITVX" title="ITVX">ITVX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_Player" title="STV Player">STV Player</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Local television in the United Kingdom">local television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My5" title="My5">My5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Now_(streaming_service)" title="Now (streaming service)">Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount%2B" title="Paramount+">Paramount+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_Player" title="Pop Player">Pop Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restricted_Service_Licence" title="Restricted Service Licence">Restricted Service Licence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom#Satellite_television" title="Television in the United Kingdom">satellite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free-to-air_channels_at_Astra_28.2%C2%B0E_(Ireland_and_the_United_Kingdom)" title="List of free-to-air channels at Astra 28.2°E (Ireland and the United Kingdom)">List of channels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Group" title="Sky Group">Sky Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freesat_from_Sky" title="Freesat from Sky">Freesat from Sky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Demand_(Sky)" title="On Demand (Sky)">On Demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky%2B" title="Sky+">Sky+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky%2B_HD" title="Sky+ HD">Sky+ HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_TV" title="TalkTalk TV">TalkTalk TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVPlayer" title="TVPlayer">TVPlayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U_(streaming_service)" title="U (streaming service)">U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_TV" title="Virgin TV">Virgin Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FilmFlex" title="FilmFlex">FilmFlex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TiVo" title="TiVo">TiVo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%2B" title="V+">V+</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouView" title="YouView">YouView</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analogue_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Analogue television in the United Kingdom">analogue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analogue_terrestrial_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Analogue terrestrial television in the United Kingdom">analogue terrestrial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Store" title="BBC Store">BBC Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_TV_Store" title="TalkTalk TV Store">TalkTalk TV Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film4oD" title="Film4oD">Film4oD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Digital" title="Real Digital">Real Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Up_TV" title="Top Up TV">Top Up TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3_Mills_Studios" title="3 Mills Studios">3 Mills Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales_New_Broadcasting_House" title="BBC Cymru Wales New Broadcasting House">BBC Cymru Wales New Broadcasting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Elstree_Centre" title="BBC Elstree Centre">BBC Elstree Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Pacific_Quay" title="BBC Pacific Quay">BBC Pacific Quay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bottle_Yard_Studios" title="The Bottle Yard Studios">The Bottle Yard Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House" title="Broadcasting House">Broadcasting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Belfast" title="Broadcasting House, Belfast">Broadcasting House, Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Bristol" title="Broadcasting House, Bristol">Broadcasting House, Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dock10_(television_facility)" title="Dock10 (television facility)">Dock10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elstree_Studios_(Shenley_Road)" title="Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)">Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_Street_Studios" title="Gas Street Studios">Gas Street Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Leeds_Studios" title="The Leeds Studios">The Leeds Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Maidstone_Studios" title="The Maidstone Studios">The Maidstone Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mailbox_Birmingham" title="Mailbox Birmingham">Mailbox Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MediaCityUK" title="MediaCityUK">MediaCityUK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granada_Studios" title="Granada Studios">Old Granada Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Studios" title="Riverside Studios">Riverside Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roath_Lock" title="Roath Lock">Roath Lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sharp_Project" title="The Sharp Project">The Sharp Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Campus" title="Sky Campus">Sky Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Studios_Manchester" title="Space Studios Manchester">Space Studios Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_Centre,_London" title="Television Centre, London">Television Centre, London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Cardiff" title="Broadcasting House, Cardiff">Broadcasting House, Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickenson_Road_Studios" title="Dickenson Road Studios">Dickenson Road Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_Studios" title="Fountain Studios">Fountain Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hospital_Club" title="The Hospital Club">The Hospital Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lime_Grove_Studios" title="Lime Grove Studios">Lime Grove Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limehouse_Studios" title="Limehouse Studios">Limehouse Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_London_Studios" title="The London Studios">The London Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM-British_Studios" title="MGM-British Studios">MGM-British Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Broadcasting_House,_Manchester" title="New Broadcasting House, Manchester">New Broadcasting House, Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pebble_Mill_Studios" title="Pebble Mill Studios">Pebble Mill Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddington_Studios" title="Teddington Studios">Teddington Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_Centre,_Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Television Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne">Television Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_Centre,_Southampton" title="Television Centre, Southampton">Television Centre, Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Boat_Studios" title="Upper Boat Studios">Upper Boat Studios</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Television in Northern Ireland">Television in Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Scotland" title="Television in Scotland">in Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Wales" title="Television in Wales">in Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_TV_channels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of former TV channels in the United Kingdom">Defunct channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_International_Television_Festival" title="Edinburgh International Television Festival">Edinburgh International Television Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom#History" title="Television in the United Kingdom">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_British_television" title="List of years in British television">List of years</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of television stations in the United Kingdom">List of channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student television in the United Kingdom">Student television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom#Viewing_statistics" title="Television in the United Kingdom">Viewing statistics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_watched_television_broadcasts#United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of most watched television broadcasts">Most-watched broadcasts</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Companies_and_organisations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Companies and organisations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major<br />companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascential" title="Ascential">Ascential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banijay_UK_Productions" title="Banijay UK Productions">Banijay UK Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauer_Media_Audio_UK" title="Bauer Media Audio UK">Bauer Media Audio UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT_Group" title="BT Group">BT Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">Channel Four Television Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail_and_General_Trust" title="Daily Mail and General Trust">Daily Mail and General Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dentsu_International" title="Dentsu International">Dentsu International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economist_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Economist Group">Economist Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMI_Music_Publishing" title="EMI Music Publishing">EMI Music Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_plc" title="Future plc">Future plc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Media_%26_Entertainment" title="Global Media &amp; Entertainment">Global Media &amp; Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_Media_Group" title="Guardian Media Group">Guardian Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_Media_Group" title="Haymarket Media Group">Haymarket Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informa" title="Informa">Informa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITN" title="ITN">ITN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_plc" title="ITV plc">ITV plc</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narrative_Capital&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Narrative Capital (page does not exist)">Narrative Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_World" title="National World">National World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_Broadcasting" title="News Broadcasting">News Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_UK" title="News UK">News UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsquest" title="Newsquest">Newsquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_%26_Shell" title="Northern &amp; Shell">Northern &amp; Shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearson_plc" title="Pearson plc">Pearson plc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_Holdings" title="Press Holdings">Press Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reach_plc" title="Reach plc">Reach plc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELX" title="RELX">RELX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Group" title="Sky Group">Sky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_Group" title="STV Group">STV Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syco" class="mw-redirect" title="Syco">Syco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_Group" title="TalkTalk Group">TalkTalk Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Networks_UK_%26_Australia" title="Paramount Networks UK &amp; Australia">Paramount Networks UK &amp; Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_O2" title="Virgin Media O2">Virgin Media O2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company (UK) Ltd.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery_EMEA" title="Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA">Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arqiva" title="Arqiva">Arqiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_book_publishers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of largest book publishers of the United Kingdom">List of largest UK book publishers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government and<br />regulatory bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advertising_Standards_Authority_(United_Kingdom)" title="Advertising Standards Authority (United Kingdom)">Advertising Standards Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Board" title="BBC Board">BBC Board</a> (formerly: <a href="/wiki/BBC_Trust" title="BBC Trust">BBC Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Governors_of_the_BBC" title="Board of Governors of the BBC">Board of Governors of the BBC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Board_of_Film_Classification" title="British Board of Film Classification">British Board of Film Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture,_Media_and_Sport_Committee" title="Culture, Media and Sport Committee">Culture, Media, and Sport Select Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Department for Culture, Media and Sport">Department for Culture, Media and Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Press_Standards_Organisation" title="Independent Press Standards Organisation">Independent Press Standards Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_Recognition_Panel" title="Press Recognition Panel">Press Recognition Panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S4C_Authority" title="S4C Authority">S4C Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry and<br />trades bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Academy_of_Film_and_Television_Arts" title="British Academy of Film and Television Arts">British Academy of Film and Television Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Phonographic_Industry" title="British Phonographic Industry">British Phonographic Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting,_Entertainment,_Cinematograph_and_Theatre_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcasting, Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre Union">Broadcasting, Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearcast" title="Clearcast">Clearcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_TV_Group" title="Digital TV Group">Digital TV Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equity_(trade_union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Equity (trade union)">Equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everyone_TV" title="Everyone TV">Everyone TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_Against_Copyright_Theft" title="Federation Against Copyright Theft">Federation Against Copyright Theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Publishers_Guild" title="Independent Publishers Guild">Independent Publishers Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Journalists" title="National Union of Journalists">National Union of Journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Publishers_Association" title="The Publishers Association">The Publishers Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Television_Society" title="Royal Television Society">Royal Television Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Independent_Broadcasting" title="United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting">United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Academy" title="BBC Academy">BBC Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Film_and_Television_School" title="National Film and Television School">National Film and Television School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Science_and_Media_Museum" title="National Science and Media Museum">National Science and Media Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Regional_and_student_media" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Regional and student media</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Media in England <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Birmingham" title="Media in Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_London" title="Media in London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Manchester" title="Media in Manchester">Manchester</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Scotland" title="Media of Scotland">Media in Scotland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Aberdeen" title="Media in Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Dundee" title="Media in Dundee">Dundee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Glasgow" title="Media in Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Wales" title="Media of Wales">Media in Wales</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Cardiff" title="Media in Cardiff">Cardiff</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Student media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Student_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student television in the United Kingdom">Student television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_student_newspapers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of student newspapers in the United Kingdom">Student press</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Mass media in the United Kingdom">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Telecommunications" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Telecommunications" title="Template:Telecommunications"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Telecommunications" title="Template talk:Telecommunications"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Telecommunications" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Telecommunications"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Telecommunications" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">Telecommunications</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beacon#For_defensive_communications" title="Beacon">Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_broadcasting" title="History of broadcasting">Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_protection_system" title="Cable protection system">Cable protection system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">Cable TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite#History" title="Communications satellite">Communications satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network#History" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">Data compression</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_coding_format" title="Audio coding format">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform" title="Discrete cosine transform">DCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_compression" title="Image compression">image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_coding_format" title="Video coding format">video</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_media" title="Digital media">Digital media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_video" title="Internet video">Internet video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">online video platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drums_in_communication" title="Drums in communication">Drums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edholm%27s_law" title="Edholm&#39;s law">Edholm's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_telegraph#History" title="Electrical telegraph">Electrical telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fax#History" title="Fax">Fax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliograph#History" title="Heliograph">Heliographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_telegraph#Greek_hydraulic_semaphore_system" title="Hydraulic telegraph">Hydraulic telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Age" title="Information Age">Information Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Information revolution">Information revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Internet" title="History of the Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media#History" title="Mass media">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">Mobile phone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_communication" title="Optical communication">Optical telecommunication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_telegraph" title="Optical telegraph">Optical telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pager" title="Pager">Pager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photophone" title="Photophone">Photophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_prepaid_mobile_phones" title="History of prepaid mobile phones">Prepaid mobile phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_radio" title="History of radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelephone" title="Radiotelephone">Radiotelephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Satellite communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semaphore" title="Semaphore">Semaphore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phryctoria" title="Phryctoria">Phryctoria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">Semiconductor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_device" title="Semiconductor device">device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MOSFET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_transistor" title="History of the transistor">transistor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_signal" title="Smoke signal">Smoke signals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">Telecommunications history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telautograph" title="Telautograph">Telautograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy">Telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter">Teleprinter</a> (teletype)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_telephone" title="History of the telephone">Telephone</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Telephone_Cases" title="The Telephone Cases">The Telephone Cases</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_television" title="History of television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_television" title="Streaming television">streaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable#Early_history:_telegraph_and_coaxial_cables" title="Submarine communications cable">Undersea telegraph line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_videotelephony" title="History of videotelephony">Videotelephony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whistled_language" title="Whistled language">Whistled language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Wireless revolution">Wireless revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pioneers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_Ahmed_(engineer)" title="Nasir Ahmed (engineer)">Nasir Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Howard_Armstrong" title="Edwin Howard Armstrong">Edwin Howard Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_M._Atalla" title="Mohamed M. Atalla">Mohamed M. Atalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Logie_Baird" title="John Logie Baird">John Logie Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Baran" title="Paul Baran">Paul Baran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emile_Berliner" title="Emile Berliner">Emile Berliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Blake_(inventor)" title="Francis Blake (inventor)">Francis Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bourseul" title="Charles Bourseul">Charles Bourseul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Walter Houser Brattain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Chappe" title="Claude Chappe">Claude Chappe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogen_Dalal" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogen Dalal">Yogen Dalal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Davis_Jr." title="Daniel Davis Jr.">Daniel Davis Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Davies" title="Donald Davies">Donald Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Dolbear" title="Amos Dolbear">Amos Dolbear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_de_Forest" title="Lee de Forest">Lee de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philo_Farnsworth" title="Philo Farnsworth">Philo Farnsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Fessenden" title="Reginald Fessenden">Reginald Fessenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray">Elisha Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Heaviside" title="Oliver Heaviside">Oliver Heaviside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Robert Hooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erna_Schneider_Hoover" title="Erna Schneider Hoover">Erna Schneider Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hopkins_(physicist)" title="Harold Hopkins (physicist)">Harold Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardiner_Greene_Hubbard" title="Gardiner Greene Hubbard">Gardiner Greene Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_pioneers" title="List of Internet pioneers">Internet pioneers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Kahn">Bob Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawon_Kahng" title="Dawon Kahng">Dawon Kahng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Charles K. Kao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narinder_Singh_Kapany" title="Narinder Singh Kapany">Narinder Singh Kapany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedy_Lamarr" title="Hedy Lamarr">Hedy Lamarr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Landell_de_Moura" title="Roberto Landell de Moura">Roberto Landell de Moura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocenzo_Manzetti" title="Innocenzo Manzetti">Innocenzo Manzetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Metcalfe" title="Robert Metcalfe">Robert Metcalfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Meucci" title="Antonio Meucci">Antonio Meucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Morse" title="Samuel Morse">Samuel Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun-ichi_Nishizawa" title="Jun-ichi Nishizawa">Jun-ichi Nishizawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grafton_Page" title="Charles Grafton Page">Charles Grafton Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radia_Perlman" title="Radia Perlman">Radia Perlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stepanovich_Popov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Stepanovich Popov">Alexander Stepanovich Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivadar_Pusk%C3%A1s" title="Tivadar Puskás">Tivadar Puskás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Philipp_Reis" title="Johann Philipp Reis">Johann Philipp Reis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Shannon" title="Claude Shannon">Claude Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almon_Brown_Strowger" title="Almon Brown Strowger">Almon Brown Strowger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Sutton_(inventor)" title="Henry Sutton (inventor)">Henry Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner_Tainter" title="Charles Sumner Tainter">Charles Sumner Tainter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Tissot" title="Camille Tissot">Camille Tissot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Vail" title="Alfred Vail">Alfred Vail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Watson" title="Thomas A. Watson">Thomas A. Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wheatstone" title="Charles Wheatstone">Charles Wheatstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_K._Zworykin" title="Vladimir K. Zworykin">Vladimir K. Zworykin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transmission_medium" title="Transmission medium">Transmission<br />media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coaxial_cable" title="Coaxial cable">Coaxial cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_communication" title="Fiber-optic communication">Fiber-optic communication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">optical fiber</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-space_optical_communication" title="Free-space optical communication">Free-space optical communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_communication" title="Molecular communication">Molecular communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_wave" title="Radio wave">Radio waves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wireless" title="Wireless">wireless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_line" title="Transmission line">Transmission line</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunication_circuit" title="Telecommunication circuit">telecommunication circuit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Network_topology" title="Network topology">Network topology</a><br />and switching</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">Bandwidth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_link" title="Telecommunications link">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Node_(networking)" title="Node (networking)">Nodes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_(telecommunication)" title="Terminal (telecommunication)">terminal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_switch" title="Network switch">Network switching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_switching" title="Circuit switching">circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packet_switching" title="Packet switching">packet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_exchange" title="Telephone exchange">Telephone exchange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Multiplexing" title="Multiplexing">Multiplexing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space-division_multiple_access" title="Space-division multiple access">Space-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frequency-division_multiplexing" title="Frequency-division multiplexing">Frequency-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-division_multiplexing" title="Time-division multiplexing">Time-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarization-division_multiplexing" title="Polarization-division multiplexing">Polarization-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_angular_momentum_multiplexing" title="Orbital angular momentum multiplexing">Orbital angular-momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-division_multiple_access" title="Code-division multiple access">Code-division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">Communication protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_communication" title="Data communication">Data transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_and_forward" title="Store and forward">Store and forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_equipment" title="Telecommunications equipment">Telecommunications equipment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_network" title="Telecommunications network">Types of network</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Cellular network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Services Digital Network">ISDN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">LAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next-generation_network" title="Next-generation network">NGN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_switched_telephone_network" title="Public switched telephone network">Public Switched Telephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_network" title="Radio network">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Television broadcasting">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telex" title="Telex">Telex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UUCP" title="UUCP">UUCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_area_network" title="Wide area network">WAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_network" title="Wireless network">Wireless network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_network" title="Telecommunications network">Notable networks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BITNET" title="BITNET">BITNET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYCLADES" title="CYCLADES">CYCLADES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FidoNet" title="FidoNet">FidoNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet2" title="Internet2">Internet2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JANET" title="JANET">JANET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPL_network" title="NPL network">NPL network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toasternet" title="Toasternet">Toasternet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Africa" title="Category:Telecommunications in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li>Americas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_North_America" title="Category:Telecommunications in North America">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_South_America" title="Category:Telecommunications in South America">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Communications_in_Antarctica" title="Category:Communications in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Asia" title="Category:Telecommunications in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Europe" title="Category:Telecommunications in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Oceania" title="Category:Telecommunications in Oceania">Oceania</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_telecommunications_regulatory_bodies" title="List of telecommunications regulatory bodies">Global telecommunications regulation bodies</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/16px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/24px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/32px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication&#32;portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications" title="Category:Telecommunications">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_telecommunication" title="Outline of telecommunication">Outline</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Telecommunications" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Telecommunications">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐nfzrr Cached time: 20241122153519 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.525 seconds Real time usage: 0.671 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1819/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 270245/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 75557/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 9/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand 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