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electronic library</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">National electronic library</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8.png/220px-%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8.png/330px-%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8.png/440px-%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8.png 2x" data-file-width="999" data-file-height="237" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:gainsboro;text-align:center">Screenshot</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center"><div class="infobox-caption"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Type of site</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Digital_library" title="Digital library">Digital library</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Culture (Russia)">Ministry for Culture of Russia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">URL</th><td class="infobox-data url"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rusneb.ru/">rusneb<wbr />.ru</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">2004<span class="noprint">; 20 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2004</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Current status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Active</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>The National Electronic Library</b> (<b>NEL</b>) is a website funded by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Culture (Russia)">Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation</a>, which provides Internet users with access to digitized books, newspapers and magazines in Russian libraries, museums and archives. It is operated by <a href="/wiki/Russian_State_Library" title="Russian State Library">Russian State Library</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>. In November, 2024 the Library reported as having 5,752,597 electronic documents in its collection, of those 94.0 % were available under <a href="/wiki/Open_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Access">Open Access</a> terms. The library continues growing its historic collection by scanning additional materials, converting them into text using <a href="/wiki/Optical_character_recognition" title="Optical character recognition">optical character recognition</a>, and storing in its digital database, capable of full-text search. The site has a mobile application for iOS and Android.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Electronic_Library&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">becoming independent</a> Russia inherited <a href="/wiki/Russian_State_Library" title="Russian State Library">Russian State Library</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Russia" title="National Library of Russia">National Library of Russia</a> in <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a>, as well as several other libraries of national significance. With the advent of the <a href="/wiki/Digital_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Age">Digital Age</a> the idea of a national electronic library was brought up on several occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But it was only in 2003, when developments in <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">database</a> architecture as well as in the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</a> infrastructure, allowed for a practical implementation of this idea in Russia. </p><p>In 2003, the project was initiated by the two largest libraries in the country: <a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian National Library">Russian National Library</a> (RNL) in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_State_Library" title="Russian State Library">Russian State Library</a> (RSL) in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>. The libraries approached the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_of_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation">Ministry of Culture of Russia</a> with an initiative to create a nation-wide electronic library. In 2004, the personnel of the two aforementioned libraries started joint development of this library.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main purpose of the National Electronic Library was to collect, archive and describe electronic documents, that contribute to the preservation and development of national science and culture, as well as making sure that such documents are accessible to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project was formally announced on December 17, 2008, <sup id="cite_ref-create2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-create2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation included the development of the NEB as a state system in the federal target program “Culture of Russia ( 2012—2018)».<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2013, the Ministry of Culture has begun developing the project, allocating funding for the creation of a technological platform, the purchase of copyrights, and the digitization of printed books. </p><p>In 2016 the project received <a href="/wiki/Free_Knowledge_Award" title="Free Knowledge Award">Free Knowledge Award</a> from Wikipedia. </p><p>In February 2019, the Russian Government approved the Regulation on the Federal State Information System "National Electronic Library". The directive requires mandatory deposit of electronic copies of all works published in Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development_of_supporting_software_and_data_entry">Development of supporting software and data entry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Electronic_Library&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Development of supporting software and data entry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first stage of project was sponsored by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_State_Library" title="Russian State Library">Russian State Library</a>, that announced an <a href="/wiki/Invitation_to_tender" title="Invitation to tender">invitation to tender</a> for potential developers at a cost of 12 mln. roubles (ca. US$ 462,000). The project was completed jointly by two Russian companies: <a href="/wiki/CROC" title="CROC">CROC</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%9C%D0%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ЕМС (page does not exist)">ЕМС</a>. The hardware was purchased from <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a>. Document viewing software was procured from <a href="/w/index.php?title=DefView&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DefView (page does not exist)">DefView</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-endwork1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-endwork1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_statistics">Use statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Electronic_Library&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Use statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: right; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">book rentals<sup id="cite_ref-knigovidacha_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knigovidacha-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="5">reading views </th></tr> <tr> <th>total</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Russian_State_Library" title="Russian State Library">Russian State Library</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Russian_State_Library" title="Russian State Library">Russian State Library</a>-on line</th> <th>Other libraries</th> <th>Opened to everyone </th></tr> <tr class="bright"> <th>2012 </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968405_(number)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1968405 (number) (page does not exist)">1968405</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=320764_(number)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="320764 (number) (page does not exist)">320764</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=742977_(number)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="742977 (number) (page does not exist)">742977</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=116390_(number)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="116390 (number) (page does not exist)">116390</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=788274_(number)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="788274 (number) (page does not exist)">788274</a> </td></tr> <tr class="bright"> <th>2013 </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=3186695_(number)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3186695 (number) (page does not exist)">3186695</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=328475_(number)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="328475 (number) (page does not exist)">328475</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=716666_(number)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="716666 (number) (page does not exist)">716666</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=201115_(number)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="201115 (number) (page does not exist)">201115</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=1940439_(number)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1940439 (number) (page does not exist)">1940439</a> </td></tr> <tr class="bright"> <th>2014 </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=3506507_(number)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3506507 (number) (page does not exist)">3506507</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=283502_(number)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="283502 (number) (page does not exist)">283502</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=550208_(number)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="550208 (number) (page does not exist)">550208</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=193782_(number)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="193782 (number) (page does not exist)">193782</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=2479015_(number)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2479015 (number) (page does not exist)">2479015</a> </td></tr> <tr class="bright"> <th>2015 </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=9478349_(number)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="9478349 (number) (page does not exist)">9478349</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=183128_(number)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="183128 (number) (page does not exist)">183128</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=369227_(number)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="369227 (number) (page does not exist)">369227</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=147239_(number)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="147239 (number) (page does not exist)">147239</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=8810478_(number)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8810478 (number) (page does not exist)">8810478</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Electronic_Library&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The project has been criticized for the lack of well-defined goals,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> restricted access to copyrighted materials, purchase of numerous books, that have little demand from the users, poor library profile in global <a href="/wiki/Search_engines" class="mw-redirect" title="Search engines">search engines</a>, missing deadlines by its developers, and their overall underperformance.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Electronic_Library&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_digital_library_projects" title="List of digital library projects">List of digital library projects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Electronic_Library&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=ru.elar.neb.viewer">"НЭБ.РФ Национальная библиотека - Apps on Google Play"</a>. <i>play.google.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=play.google.com&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%AD%D0%91.%D0%A0%D0%A4+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0+-+Apps+on+Google+Play&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplay.google.com%2Fstore%2Fapps%2Fdetails%3Fid%3Dru.elar.neb.viewer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Electronic+Library" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unkniga.ru/biblioteki/bibdelo/6662-neb-kak-tehnologicheskaya-osnova-humanisticheskogo.html">"NEB as a technological basis for a humanistic model standard"</a>. <i>www.unkniga.ru</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org">/web/20220311133217/http://www.unkniga.ru/biblioteki/bibdelo/6662-neb-kak-tehnologicheskaya-osnova-humanisticheskogo.html Archived</a> from the original on 2022-03-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.unkniga.ru&rft.atitle=NEB+as+a+technological+basis+for+a+humanistic+model+standard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unkniga.ru%2Fbiblioteki%2Fbibdelo%2F6662-neb-kak-tehnologicheskaya-osnova-humanisticheskogo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Electronic+Library" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Check <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> value (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_url" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarysheva_O.V.,_Kazakov_V.G.,_Maistrovich_T.V.2003" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Barysheva O.V., Kazakov V.G., Maistrovich T.V. (2003). "Towards the Development of the Concept of the National Electronic Library" (magazine) (in Russian). No. 5 (Scientific and technical information. - Ser.1. Organization and methodology of information work. ed.). pp. 14–20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Towards+the+Development+of+the+Concept+of+the+National+Electronic+Library&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=14-20&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Barysheva+O.V.%2C+Kazakov+V.G.%2C+Maistrovich+T.V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Electronic+Library" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_magazine" title="Template:Cite magazine">cite magazine</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite magazine requires <code class="cs1-code">|magazine=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060425053710/http://">www.nlr.ru/inter/sovet.htm#9 Cooperation Council of the RNB and the RSL</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaistrovich_T.V.2005" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Maistrovich T.V. (2005). "Russian National Electronic Library: tasks and principles of organization" (journal) (in Russian) (1) (Library Science ed.): 44–52.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russian+National+Electronic+Library%3A+tasks+and+principles+of+organization&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=44-52&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Maistrovich+T.V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Electronic+Library" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-create2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-create2_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference <code>create2</code> was invoked but never defined (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Culture_of_the_Russian_Federation2014" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation (2014). "Decision of the Board". <i>Library Science</i> (journal) (in Russian) (3): 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Library+Science&rft.atitle=Decision+of+the+Board&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=9&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Ministry+of+Culture+of+the+Russian+Federation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Electronic+Library" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www">.pnp.ru/politics/kabmin-utverdil-polozhenie-o-nacionalnoy-elektronnoy-biblioteke.html "The Cabinet of Ministers approved the regulation on the National Electronic library"</a> (in Russian). www.pnp.ru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190226143230/">https://www.pnp.ru/politics/kabmin-utverdil-polozhenie-o-nacionalnoy-elektronnoy-biblioteke.html Archived</a> from the original on 2019-02-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Cabinet+of+Ministers+approved+the+regulation+on+the+National+Electronic+library&rft.pub=www.pnp.ru&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww+.pnp.ru%2Fpolitics%2Fkabmin-utverdil-polozhenie-o-nacionalnoy-elektronnoy-biblioteke.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Electronic+Library" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Check <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> value (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_url" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Check <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> value (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_url" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://government.ru/docs/35825/">"Об утверждении Положения о федеральной государственной информационной системе «Национальная электронная библиотека»"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D0%B1+%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BE+%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5+%C2%AB%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%C2%BB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgovernment.ru%2Fdocs%2F35825%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Electronic+Library" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-endwork1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-endwork1_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference <code>endwork1</code> was invoked but never defined (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-knigovidacha-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-knigovidacha_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference <code>knigovidacha</code> was invoked but never defined (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFСтепанов_В._К.2015" class="citation book cs1">Степанов В. К. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elis.gpntb.ru/node/1007"><i>Какую Национальную электронную библиотеку мы потеряли</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8E+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E+%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E+%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83+%D0%BC%D1%8B+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B8&rft.date=2015&rft.au=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%92.+%D0%9A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felis.gpntb.ru%2Fnode%2F1007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Electronic+Library" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://roem.ru/12-08-2015/202941/leninka-on-nel/">"Национальная электронная библиотека: национальные деньги и ненациональный контент"</a>. <i>roem.ru</i> (in Russian). 2015-08-12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200924083353/https://roem.ru/12-08-2015/202941/leninka-on-nel/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-09-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=roem.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%3A+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&rft.date=2015-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froem.ru%2F12-08-2015%2F202941%2Fleninka-on-nel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Electronic+Library" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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title="EnTourage eDGe">enTourage eDGe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanlin_eReader" title="Hanlin eReader">Hanlin eReader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRiver_Story" title="IRiver Story">iRiver Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobo_eReader" title="Kobo eReader">Kobo eReader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onyx_Boox" title="Onyx Boox">Onyx Boox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_Logic" title="Plastic Logic">Plastic Logic Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PocketBook_International" title="PocketBook International">PocketBook eReader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_eBook" title="Rocket eBook">Rocket eBook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SoftBook" title="SoftBook">SoftBook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">Tablets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Acrobat" title="Adobe Acrobat">Adobe Acrobat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Digital_Editions" title="Adobe Digital Editions">Adobe Digital Editions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldiko" title="Aldiko">Aldiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Books" title="Apple Books">Apple Books</a> <small>(iBooks)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakuten_Aquafadas" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakuten Aquafadas">Aquafadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blio" title="Blio">Blio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluefire_Reader" title="Bluefire Reader">Bluefire Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calibre_(software)" title="Calibre (software)">Calibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FBReader" title="FBReader">FBReader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foliate_(software)" title="Foliate (software)">Foliate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Play_Books" title="Google Play Books">Google Play Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindle_app" class="mw-redirect" title="Kindle app">Kindle app</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitabu" title="Kitabu">Kitabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobo_Inc." title="Kobo Inc.">Kobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lector_(software)" title="Lector (software)">Lector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lektz" title="Lektz">Lektz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucifox" title="Lucifox">Lucifox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Reader" title="Microsoft Reader">Microsoft Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MuPDF" title="MuPDF">MuPDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okular" title="Okular">Okular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OverDrive_Media_Console" title="OverDrive Media Console">OverDrive Media Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snapplify" title="Snapplify">Snapplify</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STDU_Viewer" title="STDU Viewer">STDU Viewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumatra_PDF" title="Sumatra PDF">Sumatra PDF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Editing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABBYY_FineReader" title="ABBYY FineReader">ABBYY FineReader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AbiWord" title="AbiWord">AbiWord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_InDesign" title="Adobe InDesign">Adobe InDesign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_RoboHelp" title="Adobe RoboHelp">Adobe RoboHelp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakuten_Aquafadas" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakuten Aquafadas">Aquafadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantis_Word_Processor" title="Atlantis Word Processor">Atlantis Word Processor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booktype" title="Booktype">Booktype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calibre_(software)" title="Calibre (software)">Calibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligra" title="Calligra">Calligra Author</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collabora_Online" title="Collabora Online">Collabora Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EXeLearning" title="EXeLearning">eXeLearning</a></li> <li>Help & Manual</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HelpNDoc" title="HelpNDoc">HelpNDoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBooks_Author" class="mw-redirect" title="IBooks Author">iBooks Author</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IStudio_Publisher" title="IStudio Publisher">iStudio Publisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LibreOffice" title="LibreOffice">LibreOffice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MadCap_Software" title="MadCap Software">MadCap Flare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_XML_Editor" title="Oxygen XML Editor">Oxygen XML Editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PagePlus" title="PagePlus">PagePlus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pages_(word_processor)" title="Pages (word processor)">Pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuarkXPress" title="QuarkXPress">QuarkXPress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrivener_(software)" title="Scrivener (software)">Scrivener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigil_(application)" title="Sigil (application)">Sigil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writer2epub" title="Writer2epub">Writer2epub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Ebook_suppliers" title="Category:Ebook suppliers">Vendors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commercial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Books" title="Apple Books">Apple Books Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindle_Store" title="Kindle Store">Amazon Kindle Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baen_Free_Library" title="Baen Free Library">Baen Free Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnes_%26_Noble" title="Barnes & Noble">Barnes & Noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booktrack" title="Booktrack">Booktrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BookWalker" title="BookWalker">BookWalker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feedbooks" title="Feedbooks">Feedbooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Play" title="Google Play">Google Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarir_Bookstore" title="Jarir Bookstore">Jarir.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobo_Inc." title="Kobo Inc.">Kobo Bookstore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Reader" title="Sony Reader">Sony Reader Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smashwords" title="Smashwords">Smashwords</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Noncommercial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aozora_Bunko" title="Aozora Bunko">Aozora Bunko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faded_Page" class="mw-redirect" title="Faded Page">Faded Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HathiTrust" title="HathiTrust">HathiTrust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg_Australia" title="Project Gutenberg Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg_Canada" title="Project Gutenberg Canada">Canada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Ebooks" title="Standard Ebooks">Standard Ebooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_journal_publishing_reform" title="Academic journal publishing reform">Academic journal publishing reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_e-readers" title="Comparison of e-readers">Comparison of ebook readers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_iOS_e-reader_software" title="Comparison of iOS e-reader software">Comparison of iOS ebook reader software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Android_e-reader_software" title="Comparison of Android e-reader software">Comparison of Android ebook reader software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-book_lending" title="E-book lending">E-book lending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_publishing" title="Electronic publishing">Electronic publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBooks_Author_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="IBooks Author Conference">iBooks Author Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Digital_Publishing_Forum" title="International Digital Publishing Forum">International Digital Publishing Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindle_single" title="Kindle single">Kindle single</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Publication_Distribution_System" title="Open Publication Distribution System">OPDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflowable_document" title="Reflowable document">Reflowable document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-publishing" title="Self-publishing">Self-publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_publishing" title="Semantic publishing">Semantic publishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Books" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Books" title="Template:Books"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Books" title="Template talk:Books"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Books" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Books"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Books" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">Books</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Binding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_cover" title="Book cover">Covers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dust_jacket" title="Dust jacket">dust jackets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_design" title="Book design">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Editing" title="Editing">Editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_illustration" title="Book illustration">Illustration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">Illuminated manuscripts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">Printing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edition_(book)" title="Edition (book)">edition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_printing" title="History of printing">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incunable" title="Incunable">incunabula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_book" title="Instant book">instant book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited-edition_book" class="mw-redirect" title="Limited-edition book">limited edition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">Publishing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advance_copy" title="Advance copy">advance copy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardcover" title="Hardcover">hardcover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paperback" title="Paperback">paperback</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_size" title="Book size">Size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typesetting" title="Typesetting">Typesetting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volume_(bibliography)" title="Volume (bibliography)">Volume (bibliography)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_(publishing)" title="Collection (publishing)">Collection (publishing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_series" title="Book series">Book series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consumption</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literary_award" title="Literary award">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bestseller" title="Bestseller">Bestsellers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_books" title="List of best-selling books">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography" title="Bibliography">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliomania" title="Bibliomania">Bibliomania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tsundoku" title="Tsundoku">tsundoku</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliophilia" title="Bibliophilia">Bibliophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliotherapy" title="Bibliotherapy">Bibliotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookmark" title="Bookmark">Bookmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookselling" title="Bookselling">Bookselling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blurb" title="Blurb">blurbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_town" title="Book town">book towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_bookselling" title="History of bookselling">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Used_book" title="Used book">used</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_censorship" title="Book censorship">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_discussion_club" title="Book discussion club">Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_collecting" title="Book collecting">Collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_scanning" title="Book scanning">Digitizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookworm_(insect)" title="Bookworm (insect)">Bookworm (insect)</a></li> <li>Furniture <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bookcase" title="Bookcase">bookcases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookend" title="Bookend">bookends</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Print_culture" title="Print culture">Print culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading" title="Reading">Reading</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy">literacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_review" title="Book review">Reviews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_Brazil" title="Books in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_France" title="Books in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_Germany" title="Books in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_Italy" title="Books in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Was%C5%8Dbon" title="Wasōbon">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_the_Netherlands" title="Books in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_and_publishing_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Books and publishing in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_Spain" title="Books in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Books in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_the_United_States" title="Books in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Genres <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_book" title="Fictional book">fictional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_book" title="Miniature book">miniature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop-up_book" title="Pop-up book">pop-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textbook" title="Textbook">textbook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimoire" title="Grimoire">Grimoire</a></li> <li>Formats <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audiobook" title="Audiobook">audiobooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebook" title="Ebook">Ebooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folio" title="Folio">Folio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_table_book" title="Coffee table book">Coffee table book</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_banned_books" title="Lists of banned books">Banned books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_burning" title="Book burning">Book burning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_book-burning_incidents" title="List of book-burning incidents">incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_book_burnings" title="Nazi book burnings">Nazi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_curse" title="Book curse">Book curses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_packaging" title="Book packaging">Book packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_swapping" title="Book swapping">Book swapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_tour" title="Book tour">Book tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_books,_manuscripts,_documents_and_ephemera" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation and restoration of books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera">Conservation and restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_ears" title="Dog ears">Dog ears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_books" title="History of books">History of books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scroll" title="Scroll">scroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex" title="Codex">codex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">Intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">Novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_books" title="Outline of books">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_(library_and_archive)" title="Preservation (library and archive)">Preservation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Philobiblon" title="The Philobiblon">The Philobiblon</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Book_Day" title="World Book Day">World Book Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Book_Capital" title="World Book Capital">World Book Capital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_books" title="Outline of books">Outline</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Books" title="Category:Books">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Books" title="Portal:Books">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Electronic_Library&oldid=1256285011">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Electronic_Library&oldid=1256285011</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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