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id="toc-Childhood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Childhood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Childhood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Childhood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Years_at_sea_and_vagrancy_(1920-1927)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Years_at_sea_and_vagrancy_(1920-1927)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Years at sea and vagrancy (1920-1927)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Years_at_sea_and_vagrancy_(1920-1927)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Literary career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nobel_Prize_in_Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Nobel Prize in Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nobel_Prize_in_Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_themes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_themes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Literary themes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Novels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Novels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Novels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Novels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Essays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Essays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Essays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Essays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Poems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio_plays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio_plays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Radio plays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio_plays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stage_play" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stage_play"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Stage play</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stage_play-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Psalms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psalms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Psalms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Psalms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_in_English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_in_English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Works in English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_in_English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Harry Martinson</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 76 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="هاري مارتنسون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هاري مارتنسون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harri_Martinson" title="Harri Martinson – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Harri Martinson" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="هاری مارتینسون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هاری مارتینسون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8" title="হ্যারি মার্টিনসন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হ্যারি মার্টিনসন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хары Эдмунд Марцінсан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хары Эдмунд Марцінсан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Гары Мартынсан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гары Мартынсан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Хари Мартинсон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хари Мартинсон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="هاری مارتینسون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هاری مارتینسون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%A4%BC_%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%ED%8B%B4%EC%86%90" title="하뤼 마르틴손 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하뤼 마르틴손" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Հարրի Մարտինսոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հարրի Մարտինսոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="हैरी मार्टिन्सन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हैरी मार्टिन्सन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Edmund_Martinson" title="Harry Edmund Martinson – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Harry Edmund Martinson" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F" title="הארי מרטינסון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הארי מרטינסון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჰარი მარტინსონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰარი მარტინსონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Харри Мартинсон – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Харри Мартинсон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harri_Martinsons" title="Harri Martinsons – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Harri Martinsons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Хари Мартинсон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хари Мартинсон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="हॅरी मार्टिन्सन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हॅरी मार्टिन्सन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჰარი მარტინსონი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჰარი მარტინსონი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="هارى مارتنسون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هارى مارتنسون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="هاری مارتینسون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هاری مارتینسون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3" title="ハリー・マーティンソン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハリー・マーティンソン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A8" title="ਹੈਰੀ ਮਾਰਟਿਨਸਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੈਰੀ ਮਾਰਟਿਨਸਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86" title="ہیری مارٹنسن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہیری مارٹنسن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Мартинсон, Харри – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мартинсон, Харри" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Хари Мартинсон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хари Мартинсон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B9%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஹரி மார்ட்டின்சன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஹரி மார்ட்டின்சன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D3%99%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Һәрри Мартинсон – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Һәрри Мартинсон" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D1%96_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Гаррі Мартінсон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гаррі Мартінсон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%86" title="ہیری مارٹنسن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہیری مارٹنسن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%E6%9D%BE" title="哈里·马丁松 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哈里·马丁松" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Harry Martinson" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%E6%9D%BE" title="哈里·马丁松 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哈里·马丁松" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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searchaux" style="display:none">Swedish writer</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Harry Martinson</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Harry_Martinson_001.tiff" class="mw-file-description" title="Harry Martinson"><img alt="Harry Martinson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Harry_Martinson_001.tiff/lossy-page1-220px-Harry_Martinson_001.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Harry_Martinson_001.tiff/lossy-page1-330px-Harry_Martinson_001.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Harry_Martinson_001.tiff/lossy-page1-440px-Harry_Martinson_001.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1226" data-file-height="1756" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Harry Martinson</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1904-05-06</span>)</span>6 May 1904<br /><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4msh%C3%B6g" title="Jämshög">Jämshög</a>, Sweden</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">11 February 1978<span style="display:none">(1978-02-11)</span> (aged 73)<br /><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, Sweden</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable awards</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> <br /> 1974 (shared with <a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Johnson" title="Eyvind Johnson">Eyvind Johnson</a>) <br /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Moa_Martinson" title="Moa Martinson">Moa Martinson</a> (1929–1940)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingrid_Lindcrantz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ingrid Lindcrantz (page does not exist)">Ingrid Lindcrantz</a> (1942–1978)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Harry Martinson</b> (6<span class="nowrap"> </span>May 1904 – 11<span class="nowrap"> </span>February 1978) was a Swedish writer, <a href="/wiki/Poet" title="Poet">poet</a> and former <a href="/wiki/Sailor" title="Sailor">sailor</a>. In 1949 he was elected into the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Academy" title="Swedish Academy">Swedish Academy</a>. He was awarded a joint <a href="/wiki/1974_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1974 Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature in 1974</a> together with fellow Swede <a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Johnson" title="Eyvind Johnson">Eyvind Johnson</a> "for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The choice was controversial, as both Martinson and Johnson were members of the academy.<sup id="cite_ref-A_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He has been called "the great reformer of 20th-century Swedish poetry, the most original of the writers called 'proletarian'."<sup id="cite_ref-Bibliomonde_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bibliomonde-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of his most noted works is the poetic cycle <i><a href="/wiki/Aniara" title="Aniara">Aniara</a></i>, which is a story of the spacecraft <i>Aniara</i> that during a <a href="/wiki/Spaceflight" title="Spaceflight">journey through space</a> loses its course and subsequently floats on without destination. The book was published in 1956 and became <a href="/wiki/Aniara_(opera)" title="Aniara (opera)">an opera</a> in 1959 composed by <a href="/wiki/Karl-Birger_Blomdahl" title="Karl-Birger Blomdahl">Karl-Birger Blomdahl</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stefan_Johansson_in_SvD_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stefan_Johansson_in_SvD-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kirjasto_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirjasto-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cycle has been described as "an epic story of man's fragility and folly".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Martinson&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Childhood">Childhood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Martinson&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Childhood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Martinson was born in <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4msh%C3%B6g" title="Jämshög">Jämshög</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blekinge_County" title="Blekinge County">Blekinge County</a> in south-eastern Sweden.<sup id="cite_ref-SBL_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SBL-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Born Harry Edmund Olofsson, he was the fifth child of <a href="/wiki/Middle_class" title="Middle class">middle class</a> parents who ran a small shop in the village Nyteboda and had four older and two younger sisters.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At a young age he lost both his parents, his father died of <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> in 1910 and a year later his mother emigrated to <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a> leaving behind her children, whereafter Martinson was placed as a foster child (<i>Kommunalbarn</i>) in the Swedish countryside.<sup id="cite_ref-SBL_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SBL-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was moved between different homes and alternated between working for his foster parents and attending elementary school, where he often received excellent grades.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Martinson would later depict his childhood in the novel <i><a href="/wiki/Flowering_Nettle" title="Flowering Nettle">Flowering Nettle</a></i> (1935), and its continuation <i>Vägen ut</i> ("The Way Out", 1936). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Years_at_sea_and_vagrancy_(1920-1927)"><span id="Years_at_sea_and_vagrancy_.281920-1927.29"></span>Years at sea and vagrancy (1920-1927)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Martinson&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Years at sea and vagrancy (1920-1927)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the age of sixteen Harry Martinson, as he now called himself, had run away and signed onto a ship in <a href="/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a> as an <a href="/wiki/Able_seaman" title="Able seaman">able seaman</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Steam_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Steam ship">steam ship</a>'s journey reached France, Ireland and Scotland, but after returning to Stockholm Martinson signed off as he could not afford the necessary winter clothes. He then spent eighteen months as a <a href="/wiki/Vagrancy" title="Vagrancy">vagrant</a>, eventually reaching as far as <a href="/wiki/Ume%C3%A5" title="Umeå">Umeå</a> in north-east Sweden and then <a href="/wiki/Troms%C3%B8" title="Tromsø">Tromsø</a> in northern Norway. During this time he was arrested for vagrancy in <a href="/wiki/Lundag%C3%A5rd_(park)" title="Lundagård (park)">Lundagård</a> park, <a href="/wiki/Lund" title="Lund">Lund</a>. In March 1922 he signed on as a <a href="/wiki/Stoker_(occupation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stoker (occupation)">stoker</a> on a steam ship that sailed to Norway and Iceland, but after two months he ran away in Belgium. He stayed in <a href="/wiki/Antwerpen" class="mw-redirect" title="Antwerpen">Antwerpen</a>, Belgium for a while before signing on to a ship for USA, where he hoped to meet his mother, and then to a Greek ship sailing to <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>. He spent some time as a seaman in <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> and then signed on to a ship that sailed from <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>, and then further to <a href="/wiki/Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay">Bombay</a>. In Bombay he again ran away, before signing on to another ship that sailed back to Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SBL_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SBL-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Troubled by lung problems Martinson set ashore in Sweden on his 23rd birthday in May 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Books_Abroad_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Books_Abroad-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Martinson would later depict his years as a seaman in several acclaimed books, including <i>Kap farväl!</i> (1933), which was a critical and commercial success and the first of his books to be translated to English (<i>Cape Farewell</i>, 1934).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literary_career">Literary career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Martinson&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Literary career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Authors-from-across-the-country-arrive-at-Writers-meeting-142347119180.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Authors-from-across-the-country-arrive-at-Writers-meeting-142347119180.jpg/300px-Authors-from-across-the-country-arrive-at-Writers-meeting-142347119180.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Authors-from-across-the-country-arrive-at-Writers-meeting-142347119180.jpg/450px-Authors-from-across-the-country-arrive-at-Writers-meeting-142347119180.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Authors-from-across-the-country-arrive-at-Writers-meeting-142347119180.jpg/600px-Authors-from-across-the-country-arrive-at-Writers-meeting-142347119180.jpg 2x" data-file-width="988" data-file-height="652" /></a><figcaption>Harry Martinson (second from right) at a writers meeting in <a href="/wiki/Karlstad" title="Karlstad">Karlstad</a> in 1958, with authors <a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Johnson" title="Eyvind Johnson">Eyvind Johnson</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_J%C3%B6nsson" title="Gabriel Jönsson">Gabriel Jönsson</a> (right).</figcaption></figure> <p>Around 1927, Martinson began his literary career and had several poems published in different publications. The same year he met <a href="/wiki/Artur_Lundkvist" title="Artur Lundkvist">Artur Lundkvist</a>, who introduced him to <a href="/wiki/Modernist_poetry" title="Modernist poetry">modernist</a> poets such as <a href="/wiki/Elmer_Diktonius" title="Elmer Diktonius">Elmer Diktonius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sandburg" title="Carl Sandburg">Carl Sandburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Lee_Masters" title="Edgar Lee Masters">Edgar Lee Masters</a>. In September 1929, Martinson's first book of poems called <i>Spökskepp</i> ("Ghost Ship") was published by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Bonniers_f%C3%B6rlag" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Bonniers förlag">Albert Bonniers förlag</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together with Lundkvist, <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Sandgren" title="Gustav Sandgren">Gustav Sandgren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erik_Asklund" title="Erik Asklund">Erik Asklund</a> and <a href="/wiki/Josef_Kjellgren" title="Josef Kjellgren">Josef Kjellgren</a> he authored the anthology <i><a href="/wiki/Fem_unga" title="Fem unga">Fem unga</a></i> (Five Youths),<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which introduced <a href="/wiki/Modernist_Swedish_literature" title="Modernist Swedish literature">modernism in Swedish literature</a>. His next collection of poems, <i>Nomad</i> (1931) featured a wide scope of themes and literary styles, including nature poems, impressions from his sea travels and childhood memories and mixed traditional <a href="/wiki/Rhyme" title="Rhyme">rhymed</a> verse with modernist <a href="/wiki/Free_verse" title="Free verse">free verse</a> and epic <a href="/wiki/Prose_poetry" title="Prose poetry">prose poems</a>. It was widely acclaimed by contemporary critics and is regarded as Martinson's literary breakthrough.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was followed by two prose books in which Martinson recalled his years as a seaman, <i>Resor utan mål</i> ("Aimless Journeys", 1932) and <i>Kap farväl!</i> (<i>Cape Farewell</i>, 1933) which further established Martinson as one of the leading Swedish authors of his generation.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a poorly received collection of poems, <i>Natur</i> ("Nature", 1934), Martinson found great success as a <a href="/wiki/Novelist" title="Novelist">novelist</a> with the semi-autobiographical <i>Nässlorna blomma</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Flowering_Nettle" title="Flowering Nettle">Flowering Nettle</a></i>) in 1935, in which he depicted his childhood. It was a critical and widely read success that at the end of 1935 had been published in three editions,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has since been translated into more than thirty languages. The story was continued in the novel <i>Vägen ut</i> ("The Way Out") in 1936, which was another critical and commercial success.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The commercial success of his recent books and several scholarships awarded for his writing allowed Martinson to buy a <a href="/wiki/Farm" title="Farm">farm</a> in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6dermanland" title="Södermanland">Södermanland</a>, where he lived with his wife, the <a href="/wiki/Proletarian_literature" title="Proletarian literature">proletarian</a> novelist <a href="/wiki/Moa_Martinson" title="Moa Martinson">Moa Martinson</a>, and her sons. During this time he wrote a trilogy of essay books that focused on nature: <i>Svärmare och harkrank</i> (1937), <i>Midsommardalen</i> (1938) and <i>Det enkla och det svåra</i> (1939).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late 1939, Martinson was engaged in the Finland <a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a> as a representative of the Swedish <i>Finland Committee</i>. In winter 1940 he travelled in Sweden and Finland together with five other Swedish authors in a campaign to recruit volunteers to the Finnish army. Martinson himself took part as a volunteer in the war. In March 1940 he spent nine days at the heavily attacked front in <a href="/wiki/Salla" title="Salla">Salla</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Courier" title="Courier">courier</a> for the Finnish troops.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Martinson wrote about his experiences in the book <i>Verklighet till döds</i> ("Reality to Death"), which was published in 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Passad</i> (1945), influenced by <a href="/wiki/Chinese_poetry" title="Chinese poetry">Chinese poetry</a>, was Martinson's first collection of poems in eleven years, became a critical and commercial success and his most successful book of poems to date.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The novel <i>Vägen till Klockrike</i> (<i>The Road to Klockrike</i>, 1948) was another huge success, and in 1949 Martinson became the first proletarian writer to be elected a member of the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Academy" title="Swedish Academy">Swedish Academy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bibliomonde_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bibliomonde-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1953 Martinson published <i>Cikada</i> ("Cicada"), a collection of poems which was another critical success and his best-selling poetry book to date.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of the collection featured familiar themes in Martinson's writing such as nature, <a href="/wiki/Didactic_poem" class="mw-redirect" title="Didactic poem">didactic poems</a> and criticism of the modern society, but the last section in the book was something new. The cycle "Sången om Doris och Mima" ("The Song About Doris and Mima"), a <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> like story of a <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">spacecraft</a> evacuating people from the destroyed earth which loses its course and subsequently floats on without destination. Martinson would later expand the cycle to his most famous work, <i><a href="/wiki/Aniara" title="Aniara">Aniara</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Aniara</i> was published in October 1956 to unanimous critical acclaim and much public interest. It was later adapted to <a href="/wiki/Aniara_(opera)" title="Aniara (opera)">an opera</a> by <a href="/wiki/Karl-Birger_Blomdahl" title="Karl-Birger Blomdahl">Karl-Birger Blomdahl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Erik_Lindegren" title="Erik Lindegren">Erik Lindegren</a>, and the 2018 film <i><a href="/wiki/Aniara_(film)" title="Aniara (film)">Aniara</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Aniara</i> was followed by <i>Gräsen i Thule</i> ("The Grass in Thule", 1958), a collection of mainly nature poems that was also well received by contemporary critics and readers.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His next book <i>Vagnen</i> ("The Wagon", 1960), a collection of poems which largely was a criticism of the modern society and its technology, was however not well received by contemporary critics. Sensitive to criticism, Martinson declared that no more of his poems would be published during his lifetime, but a few other works where published in the 1960's, such as the play <i>Tre knivar från Wei</i> ("Three Knives from Wei", 1964) set in 7th century <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, which was staged by <a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Dramatic_Theatre" title="Royal Dramatic Theatre">Royal Dramatic Theatre</a> in Stockholm in 1964. In 1971 Martinson returned as a poet with <i>Dikter om ljus och mörker</i> (<i>Poems About Light and Darkness</i>), which was followed by a collection of nature poems <i>Tuvor</i> (<i>Tufts</i>) in 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nobel_Prize_in_Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Martinson&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Nobel Prize in Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1974_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1974 Nobel Prize in Literature">1974 Nobel Prize in Literature</a></div> <p>On 3 October 1974 the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Academy" title="Swedish Academy">Swedish Academy</a> announced that the Nobel Prize in Literature that year should be awarded jointly to Harry Martinson and <a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Johnson" title="Eyvind Johnson">Eyvind Johnson</a>. Harry Martinson was awarded with the citation "for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos." The prize decision sparked heavy criticism in the Swedish press against the Swedish Academy for awarding the Nobel Prize to two of its own members. Although there were also positive reactions to the prize decision, the sensitive Martinson took the negative comments aimed at the Academy personally and found it hard the enjoy the recognition.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Martinson&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1929 to 1940, he was married to novelist <a href="/wiki/Moa_Martinson" title="Moa Martinson">Moa Martinson</a>, prominent as a feminist and proletarian author, whom he met through a Stockholm anarchist newspaper, <i>Brand</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bibliomonde_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bibliomonde-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He travelled to the Soviet Union in 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-Bibliomonde_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bibliomonde-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SBL_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SBL-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and Moa were divorced due to her criticism of his lack of political commitment.<sup id="cite_ref-Bibliomonde_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bibliomonde-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harry married Ingrid Lindcrantz (1916–1994) in 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-Bibliomonde_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bibliomonde-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SBL_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SBL-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Martinson&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HarryMartinsonTombstone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/HarryMartinsonTombstone.jpg/220px-HarryMartinsonTombstone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/HarryMartinsonTombstone.jpg/330px-HarryMartinsonTombstone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/HarryMartinsonTombstone.jpg/440px-HarryMartinsonTombstone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>The headstone on Martinson's grave in Silverdal, Sollentuna – north of Stockholm</figcaption></figure> <p>The sensitive Martinson found it hard to cope with the criticism following his 1974 Nobel Prize award in Literature, and died by suicide on 11<span class="nowrap"> </span>February 1978 at the <a href="/wiki/Karolinska_University_Hospital" title="Karolinska University Hospital">Karolinska University Hospital</a> in Stockholm by cutting his stomach open with a pair of scissors in what has been described as a "<a href="/wiki/Seppuku" title="Seppuku">hara-kiri</a>-like manner".<sup id="cite_ref-AH_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AH-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Minnen,_bara_minnen_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minnen,_bara_minnen-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_themes">Literary themes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Martinson&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Literary themes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Martinson's poetry, characterized by linguistic innovation and a frequent use of <a href="/wiki/Metaphor" title="Metaphor">metaphors</a>, combined an acute eye for, and love of nature, with a deeply felt <a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">humanism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nobelprize.org_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nobelprize.org-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-albertbonniersgorlag.se_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-albertbonniersgorlag.se-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His poetry was noted for rich imagery with precise observations that emphazised details. In his later writing nature and the earth became increasingly important motifs. During the 1930s he developed a mastery in describing nature in both prose and poetry and was especially noted for his short nature poems with precise observations. In the <a href="/wiki/Autobiographical_novel" title="Autobiographical novel">autobiographical novels</a> <i>Nässlorna blomma</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Flowering_Nettle" title="Flowering Nettle">Flowering Nettle</a></i>, 1935) and <i>Vägen ut</i> (<i>The Way Out</i>, 1936) Martinson tells about his childhood. Martinson had a strong interest in <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a> which was a prominent influence in his work. In his book <i>Verklighet till döds</i> (<i>Reality to Death</i>, 1940) written during World War II Martinson criticized contemporary social conditions and technological development. Criticism of modern culture is also a theme in Martinson's philosophical vagabond novel <i>Vägen till Klockrike</i> (1948; English translation <i>The Road</i>, 1950) and the collection of poems <i>Passad</i> (1945). </p><p>In his later writing Martinson developed a new major theme based on his increasing interest in outer space and the cosmic. This came to most distinct expression in <i><a href="/wiki/Aniara" title="Aniara">Aniara</a></i> (1956), a poetic space epic that became Martinson's best known work. In his late work criticism of modern life and its technology came to an even stronger expression in his 1960 poetry collection <i>Vagnen</i> (<i>The Wagon</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Martinson&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Martinson is widely regarded as the greatest Swedish author since <a href="/wiki/August_Strindberg" title="August Strindberg">August Strindberg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SBL_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SBL-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 100th anniversary of Martinson's birth was celebrated around Sweden in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Cikada_Prize" title="Cikada Prize">Cikada Prize</a> is awarded in memory of Harry Martinson since that year. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Martinson_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Martinson Society (page does not exist)">Harry Martinson Society</a> was founded in 1984 and awards the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Martinson_Prize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Martinson Prize (page does not exist)">Harry Martinson Prize</a> to individuals or organisations working in the spirit of Harry Martinson.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Academy" title="Swedish Academy">Swedish Academy</a> awards a scholarship in memory of Harry Martinson to an author writing in Swedish.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Martinson&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Titles in English where known. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Novels">Novels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Martinson&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Novels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Kap Farväl</i> (Cape Farewell) 1933</li> <li><i>Nässlorna blomma</i> (<a href="/wiki/Flowering_Nettle" title="Flowering Nettle">Flowering Nettle</a>) 1935</li> <li><i>Vägen ut</i> (The Way Out) 1936</li> <li><i>Den förlorade jaguaren</i> (The Lost Jaguar) 1941</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4gen_till_Klockrike" title="Vägen till Klockrike">Vägen till Klockrike</a></i> (The Road) 1948</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Essays">Essays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Martinson&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Essays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Resor utan mål</i> (Aimless Journeys) 1932</li> <li><i>Svärmare och harkrank</i> 1937</li> <li><i>Midsommardalen</i> (Midsommer valley) 1938</li> <li><i>Det enkla och det svåra</i> (The easy and the hard) 1938</li> <li><i>Verklighet till döds</i> (Reality to death) 1940</li> <li><i>Utsikt från en grästuva</i> (Views From A Tuft of Grass) 1963</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poems">Poems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Martinson&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Poems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Spökskepp</i> 1929</li> <li><i>Nomad</i> 1931. Illustrated edition 1943 with new poems and drawings by <a href="/wiki/Torsten_Billman" title="Torsten Billman">Torsten Billman</a></li> <li><i>Passad</i> (Trade Wind) 1945</li> <li><i>Cikada</i> 1953</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aniara" title="Aniara">Aniara</a></i> 1956</li> <li><i>Gräsen i Thule</i> 1958</li> <li><i>Vagnen</i> 1960</li> <li><i>Dikter om ljus och mörker</i> 1971</li> <li><i>Tuvor</i> 1973</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio_plays">Radio plays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Martinson&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Radio plays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Gringo</i></li> <li><i>Salvation</i> 1947</li> <li><i>Lotsen från Moluckas</i> 1948</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stage_play">Stage play</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Martinson&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Stage play"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Tre knivar från Wei</i> 1964</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Psalms">Psalms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Martinson&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Psalms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>De blomster som i marken bor</i></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_in_English">Works in English</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Martinson&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Works in English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Farewell_(Martinson)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cape Farewell (Martinson) (page does not exist)">Cape Farewell</a></i> (<i>Kap Farväl!</i>), 1934 - translated by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naomi_Walford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naomi Walford (page does not exist)">Naomi Walford</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flowering_Nettle" title="Flowering Nettle">Flowering Nettle</a></i> (<i>Nässlorna blomma</i>), 1936 - translated by Naomi Walford</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Road_(Martinson_novel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Road (Martinson novel) (page does not exist)">The Road</a></i> (<i>Vägen till Klockrike</i>), 1955 - translated by M.A. Michael</li> <li><i>Friends, you drank some darkness Three Swedish Poets: Harry Martinson, Gunnar Ekelöf and Tomas Tranströmer</i>, 1975 - translated by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bly" title="Robert Bly">Robert Bly</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aniara" title="Aniara">Aniara</a></i>, 1976 - translated by <a href="/wiki/Hugh_MacDiarmid" title="Hugh MacDiarmid">Hugh MacDiarmid</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsepeth_Harley_Schubert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elsepeth Harley Schubert (page does not exist)">Elsepeth Harley Schubert</a></li> <li><i>Wild Bouquet Nature Poems</i>, 1985 - translated by <a href="/wiki/William_Jay_Smith" title="William Jay Smith">William Jay Smith</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leif_Sj%C3%B6berg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leif Sjöberg (page does not exist)">Leif Sjöberg</a></li> <li><i>Aniara</i>, 1991 - translated by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Klass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Klass (page does not exist)">Stephen Klass</a> and Leif Sjöberg</li> <li><i>Views From a Tuft of Grass</i> (<i>Utsikt från en grästuva</i>), 2005 - translated by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lars_Nordstr%C3%B6m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lars Nordström (page does not exist)">Lars Nordström</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erland_Anderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erland Anderson (page does not exist)">Erland Anderson</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Martinson&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1974/">"The Nobel Prize in Literature 1974"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Foundation" title="Nobel Foundation">Nobel Foundation</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Literature+1974&rft.pub=Nobel+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fliterature%2Flaureates%2F1974%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Martinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-A_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Örjan Lindberger "Människan i tiden. Eyvind Johnsons liv och författarskap 1938–1976" Bonniers 1990, pp. 445–447</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bibliomonde-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bibliomonde_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bibliomonde_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bibliomonde_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bibliomonde_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bibliomonde_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bibliomonde_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bibliomonde.com/auteur/harry-martinson-1250.html">"Harry Martinson"</a> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harry+Martinson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bibliomonde.com%2Fauteur%2Fharry-martinson-1250.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Martinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stefan_Johansson_in_SvD-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stefan_Johansson_in_SvD_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohansson2009" class="citation news cs1">Johansson, Stefan (31 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.svd.se/1988668">"50-åring ur kurs når ännu fram"</a> [50 year old man of course still gets through]. <i><a href="/wiki/Svenska_Dagbladet" title="Svenska Dagbladet">Svenska Dagbladet</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Svenska+Dagbladet&rft.atitle=50-%C3%A5ring+ur+kurs+n%C3%A5r+%C3%A4nnu+fram&rft.date=2009-05-31&rft.aulast=Johansson&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.svd.se%2F1988668&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Martinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kirjasto-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kirjasto_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiukkonen" class="citation web cs1">Liukkonen, Petri. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030409202033/http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/harrymar.htm">"Harry Martinson"</a>. <i>Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi)</i>. Finland: <a href="/wiki/Kuusankoski" title="Kuusankoski">Kuusankoski</a> Public Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/harrymar.htm">the original</a> on 9 April 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Books+and+Writers+%28kirjasto.sci.fi%29&rft.atitle=Harry+Martinson&rft.aulast=Liukkonen&rft.aufirst=Petri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirjasto.sci.fi%2Fharrymar.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Martinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Critical survey of poetry. American poets</i>. Reisman, Rosemary M. Canfield. (4th. ed.). Pasadena, Calif.: Salem Press. 2011. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781587655937" title="Special:BookSources/9781587655937"><bdi>9781587655937</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/712652825">712652825</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Critical+survey+of+poetry.+American+poets.&rft.place=Pasadena%2C+Calif.&rft.edition=4th.&rft.pub=Salem+Press&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F712652825&rft.isbn=9781587655937&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Martinson" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SBL-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SBL_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SBL_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SBL_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SBL_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SBL_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SBL_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolm" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Holm, Ingvar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sok.riksarkivet.se/SBL/Mobil/Artikel/9140">"Harry Martinson"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Svenskt_biografiskt_lexikon" title="Svenskt biografiskt lexikon">Svenskt biografiskt lexikon</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_of_Sweden" title="National Archives of Sweden">National Archives of Sweden</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Harry+Martinson&rft.btitle=Svenskt+biografiskt+lexikon&rft.pub=National+Archives+of+Sweden&rft.aulast=Holm&rft.aufirst=Ingvar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsok.riksarkivet.se%2FSBL%2FMobil%2FArtikel%2F9140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Martinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohan_Svedjedal2023" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Johan Svedjedal (2023). <i>Min egen elds kurir. Harry Martinsons författarliv</i> (in Swedish). Albert Bonniers förlag. p. 23-36.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Min+egen+elds+kurir.+Harry+Martinsons+f%C3%B6rfattarliv&rft.pages=23-36&rft.pub=Albert+Bonniers+f%C3%B6rlag&rft.date=2023&rft.au=Johan+Svedjedal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Martinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Svedjedal, p.39-55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Svedjedal, p.77-93</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Svedjedal, p.94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Books_Abroad-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Books_Abroad_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSjöberg1974" class="citation journal cs1">Sjöberg, Leif (1974). "Harry Martinson: From Vagabond to Space Explorer". <i>Books Abroad</i>. <b>48</b> (3 (Summer, 1974)). Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma: <span class="nowrap">476–</span>485. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F40128696">10.2307/40128696</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40128696">40128696</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Books+Abroad&rft.atitle=Harry+Martinson%3A+From+Vagabond+to+Space+Explorer&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3+%28Summer%2C+1974%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E476-%3C%2Fspan%3E485&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F40128696&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40128696%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Sj%C3%B6berg&rft.aufirst=Leif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Martinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrandsma2021" class="citation web cs1">Brandsma, Elliott (27 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://harrymartinson.se/manadens-martinson/manadens-martinson-juni-2021-av-elliott-brandsma/">"Embracing Life's Aimless Journeys: A Reflection on Harry Martinson's "Nocturne of the Sea"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Harry Martinson-sällskapet<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Embracing+Life%27s+Aimless+Journeys%3A+A+Reflection+on+Harry+Martinson%27s+%22Nocturne+of+the+Sea%22&rft.pub=Harry+Martinson-s%C3%A4llskapet&rft.date=2021-06-27&rft.aulast=Brandsma&rft.aufirst=Elliott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fharrymartinson.se%2Fmanadens-martinson%2Fmanadens-martinson-juni-2021-av-elliott-brandsma%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Martinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Svedjedal, p.163-189</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Svedjedal, p.97-100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumm1991" class="citation news cs1">Kumm, Björn (12 December 1991). "Obituary: Artur Lundkvist". <i>[[The Independent<figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HarryMartinsonTombstone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/HarryMartinsonTombstone.jpg/220px-HarryMartinsonTombstone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/HarryMartinsonTombstone.jpg/330px-HarryMartinsonTombstone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/HarryMartinsonTombstone.jpg/440px-HarryMartinsonTombstone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>The headstone on Martinson's grave in Silverdal, Sollentuna – north of Stockholm</figcaption></figure>]]</i>. London. p. 13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BThe+Independentthumb%7C220px%7CThe+headstone+on+Martinson%27s+grave+in+Silverdal%2C+Sollentuna+%E2%80%93+north+of+Stockholm%5D%5D&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Artur+Lundkvist&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1991-12-12&rft.aulast=Kumm&rft.aufirst=Bj%C3%B6rn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Martinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Svedjedal, p.157-161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Svedjedal, p. 163-189</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Svedjedal, p.221-230</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Svedjedal, p.230-239</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Svedjedal, p. 241-262</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Svedjedal, p.275-282</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Svedjedal, p.290-297</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Svedjedal, p.331-344</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Svedjedal, p. 406</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Svedjedal, p.406-409</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Svedjedal, p. 433-461</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Svedjedal, p. 472</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Svedjedal, p. 493-608</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSvedjedal,_Johan2023" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Svedjedal, Johan (2023). "Nobelpriset (1974)". <i>Min egen elds kurir. Harry Martinsons författarliv</i> (in Swedish). Albert Bonniers förlag.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nobelpriset+%281974%29&rft.btitle=Min+egen+elds+kurir.+Harry+Martinsons+f%C3%B6rfattarliv&rft.pub=Albert+Bonniers+f%C3%B6rlag&rft.date=2023&rft.au=Svedjedal%2C+Johan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Martinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AH-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AH_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansson2000" class="citation web cs1">Hansson, Anita (31 August 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wwwc.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/0008/31/harakiri.html">"Martinson begick harakiri"</a> [Martinson committed hara-kiri]. <i>wwwc.aftonbladet.se</i>. <a href="/wiki/Aftonbladet" title="Aftonbladet">Aftonbladet</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wwwc.aftonbladet.se&rft.atitle=Martinson+begick+harakiri&rft.date=2000-08-31&rft.aulast=Hansson&rft.aufirst=Anita&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwwwc.aftonbladet.se%2Fnyheter%2F0008%2F31%2Fharakiri.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Martinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Minnen,_bara_minnen-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Minnen,_bara_minnen_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGyllensten2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gyllensten, Lars (2000). <i>Minnen, bara minnen</i> [<i>Memories, just memories</i>] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Albert Bonniers Förlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-0-057140-7" title="Special:BookSources/91-0-057140-7"><bdi>91-0-057140-7</bdi></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/SELIBR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SELIBR (identifier)">SELIBR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/bib/7150260">7150260</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Minnen%2C+bara+minnen&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Albert+Bonniers+F%C3%B6rlag&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=91-0-057140-7&rft.aulast=Gyllensten&rft.aufirst=Lars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Martinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nobelprize.org-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nobelprize.org_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1974/martinson-bio.html">"Harry Martinson – Biographical"</a>. Nobel Media AB. 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harry+Martinson+%E2%80%93+Biographical&rft.pub=Nobel+Media+AB&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fliterature%2Flaureates%2F1974%2Fmartinson-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Martinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-albertbonniersgorlag.se-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-albertbonniersgorlag.se_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albertbonniersforlag.se/Forfattare/M/harry-martinson/">"Harry Martinson"</a>. Albert Bonniers Förlag.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harry+Martinson&rft.pub=Albert+Bonniers+F%C3%B6rlag&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.albertbonniersforlag.se%2FForfattare%2FM%2Fharry-martinson%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Martinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:alvin:portal:record-9989">"Harry Martinson-sällskapets material"</a> [Material from the Harry Martinson Society]. Uppsala University Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harry+Martinson-s%C3%A4llskapets+material&rft.pub=Uppsala+University+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furn.kb.se%2Fresolve%3Furn%3Durn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Aalvin%3Aportal%3Arecord-9989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Martinson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://harrymartinson.se/pressmeddelanden/priser/">Priser</a> Harry Martinson-sällskapet</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.svenskaakademien.se/press/stipendium-till-harry-martinsons-minne-5">Stipendium till Harry Martinsons minne</a> Svenska Akademien</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Martinson&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Harry_Martinson" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Harry Martinson">Harry Martinson</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Petri Liukkonen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://authorscalendar.info/harrymar.htm">"Harry Martinson"</a>. <i>Books and Writers</i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swedishbookreview.com/article-2004-1-vinde.asp">A translator's look at <i>Flowering Nettles</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180507085605/http://www.swedishbookreview.com/article-2004-1-vinde.asp">Archived</a> 2018-05-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Swedish book review</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/650">Harry Martinson</a> on Nobelprize.org <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132695#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #99CCFF;">Cultural offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Elin_W%C3%A4gner" title="Elin Wägner">Elin Wägner</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Academy" title="Swedish Academy">Swedish Academy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Swedish_Academy#Seat_15" title="List of members of the Swedish Academy">Seat No.15</a> </b><br />1949–78 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kerstin_Ekman" title="Kerstin Ekman">Kerstin Ekman</a></span></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dobloug_Prize_winners37" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dobloug_Prize_winners" title="Template:Dobloug Prize winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dobloug_Prize_winners" title="Template talk:Dobloug Prize winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dobloug_Prize_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dobloug Prize winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dobloug_Prize_winners37" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dobloug_Prize" title="Dobloug Prize">Dobloug Prize</a> winners</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/Arnulf_%C3%98verland" title="Arnulf Øverland">Øverland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Tore_%C3%98rjas%C3%A6ter" title="Tore Ørjasæter">Ørjasæter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Reiss-Andersen" title="Gunnar Reiss-Andersen">Reiss-Andersen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Inge_Krokann" title="Inge Krokann">Krokann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Herman_Wildenvey" title="Herman Wildenvey">Wildenvey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Boyson" title="Emil Boyson">Boyson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Tarjei_Vesaas" title="Tarjei Vesaas">T. Vesaas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Johan_Falkberget" title="Johan Falkberget">Falkberget</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Aksel_Sandemose" title="Aksel Sandemose">Sandemose</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Halldis_Moren_Vesaas" title="Halldis Moren Vesaas">H.M. Vesaas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Alf_Larsen" title="Alf Larsen">A. Larsen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Inger_Hagerup" title="Inger Hagerup">Hagerup</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Jan-Magnus_Bruheim" title="Jan-Magnus Bruheim">Bruheim</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Torborg_Nedreaas" title="Torborg Nedreaas">Nedreaas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Johan_Borgen" title="Johan Borgen">Borgen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Jakob_Sande" title="Jakob Sande">Sande</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Ragnvald_Skrede" title="Ragnvald Skrede">Skrede</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Rolf_Jacobsen_(poet)" title="Rolf Jacobsen (poet)">Jacobsen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Olav_H._Hauge" title="Olav H. Hauge">O.H. Hauge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A5re_Holt" title="Kåre Holt">Holt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Stein_Mehren" title="Stein Mehren">Mehren</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/Hans_B%C3%B8rli" title="Hans Børli">Børli</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/%C3%98ivind_Bolstad" title="Øivind Bolstad">Bolstad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Jens_Bj%C3%B8rneboe" title="Jens Bjørneboe">Bjørneboe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Ragnhild_Mager%C3%B8y" title="Ragnhild Magerøy">Magerøy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Sigbj%C3%B8rn_H%C3%B8lmebakk" title="Sigbjørn Hølmebakk">Hølmebakk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/%C3%85sta_Holth" title="Åsta Holth">Holth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Harald_Sverdrup_(writer)" title="Harald Sverdrup (writer)">Sverdrup</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Nils_Johan_Rud" title="Nils Johan Rud">Rud</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Magnhild_Haalke" title="Magnhild Haalke">Haalke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Paal_Brekke" title="Paal Brekke">Brekke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Gunvor_Hofmo" title="Gunvor Hofmo">Hofmo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Takvam" title="Marie Takvam">Takvam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Astrid_Hjerten%C3%A6s_Andersen" title="Astrid Hjertenæs Andersen">Andersen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Arnljot_Eggen" title="Arnljot Eggen">Eggen</a> & <a href="/wiki/Bergljot_Hob%C3%A6k_Haff" title="Bergljot Hobæk Haff">Haff</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Finn_Carling" title="Finn Carling">Carling</a> & <a href="/wiki/Knut_Hauge_(writer)" title="Knut Hauge (writer)">K. Hauge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Paal-Helge_Haugen" title="Paal-Helge Haugen">Haugen</a> & <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rg_Vik" title="Bjørg Vik">Vik</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Hoem" title="Edvard Hoem">Hoem</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jan_Erik_Vold" title="Jan Erik Vold">Vold</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Eldrid_Lunden" title="Eldrid Lunden">Lunden</a> & <a href="/wiki/%C3%85ge_R%C3%B8nning" title="Åge Rønning">Rønning</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Heggland" title="Johannes Heggland">Heggland</a> & <a href="/wiki/Cecilie_L%C3%B8veid" title="Cecilie Løveid">Løveid</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Torill_Thorstad_Hauger" title="Torill Thorstad Hauger">Hauger</a> & <a href="/wiki/Trizt%C3%A1n_Vindtorn" title="Triztán Vindtorn">Vindtorn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Eidslott" title="Arnold Eidslott">Eidslott</a> & <a href="/wiki/%C3%98ystein_L%C3%B8nn" title="Øystein Lønn">Lønn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Saabye_Christensen" title="Lars Saabye Christensen">Christensen</a> & <a href="/wiki/Kolbein_Falkeid" title="Kolbein Falkeid">Falkeid</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/Inger_Elisabeth_Hansen" title="Inger Elisabeth Hansen">Hansen</a> & <a href="/wiki/Tor_%C3%85ge_Bringsv%C3%A6rd" title="Tor Åge Bringsværd">Bringsværd</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Kjell_Askildsen" title="Kjell Askildsen">Askildsen</a> & <a href="/wiki/Tor_Ulven" title="Tor Ulven">Ulven</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Dag_Solstad" title="Dag Solstad">Solstad</a> & <a href="/wiki/Wera_S%C3%A6ther" title="Wera Sæther">Sæther</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Kjartan_Fl%C3%B8gstad" title="Kjartan Fløgstad">Fløgstad</a> & <a href="/wiki/Lars_Amund_Vaage" title="Lars Amund Vaage">Vaage</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Karsten_Aln%C3%A6s" title="Karsten Alnæs">Alnæs</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ola_Bauer" title="Ola Bauer">Bauer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Jon_Fosse" title="Jon Fosse">Fosse</a> & <a href="/wiki/%C3%85se-Marie_Nesse" title="Åse-Marie Nesse">Nesse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Jan_Kj%C3%A6rstad" title="Jan Kjærstad">Kjærstad</a> & <a href="/wiki/Einar_%C3%98kland" title="Einar Økland">Økland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/Svein_Jarvoll" title="Svein Jarvoll">Jarvoll</a> & <a href="/wiki/Thorvald_Steen" title="Thorvald Steen">Steen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/Erling_Kittelsen" title="Erling Kittelsen">Kittelsen</a> & <a href="/wiki/Hanne_%C3%98rstavik" title="Hanne Ørstavik">Ørstavik</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rn_Aamodt" title="Bjørn Aamodt">Aamodt</a> & <a href="/wiki/Rune_Christiansen" title="Rune Christiansen">Christiansen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Trude_Marstein" title="Trude Marstein">Marstein</a> & <a href="/wiki/Marit_Tusvik" title="Marit Tusvik">Tusvik</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Herbj%C3%B8rnsrud" title="Hans Herbjørnsrud">Herbjørnsrud</a> & <a href="/wiki/Tone_H%C3%B8dneb%C3%B8" title="Tone Hødnebø">Hødnebø</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Hanne_Bramness" title="Hanne Bramness">Bramness</a> & <a href="/wiki/Karin_Gundersen" title="Karin Gundersen">Gundersen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Torgeir_Lie" title="Arvid Torgeir Lie">Lie</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jan_Jakob_T%C3%B8nseth" title="Jan Jakob Tønseth">Tønseth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Hovland" title="Ragnar Hovland">Hovland</a> & <a href="/wiki/Merethe_Lindstr%C3%B8m" title="Merethe Lindstrøm">Lindstrøm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Thure_Erik_Lund" title="Thure Erik Lund">Lund</a> & <a href="/wiki/Gunnhild_%C3%98yehaug" title="Gunnhild Øyehaug">Øyehaug</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/%C3%98yvind_Rimbereid" title="Øyvind Rimbereid">Rimbereid</a> & <a href="/wiki/Arild_Stubhaug" title="Arild Stubhaug">Stubhaug</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Knut_%C3%98deg%C3%A5rd" title="Knut Ødegård">Ødegård</a> & <a href="/wiki/Beate_Grimsrud" title="Beate Grimsrud">Grimsrud</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Roy_Jacobsen" title="Roy Jacobsen">Jacobsen</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Einan" title="Ellen Einan">Einan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Karin_Moe" title="Karin Moe">Moe</a> & <a href="/wiki/Torgeir_Rebolledo_Pedersen" title="Torgeir Rebolledo Pedersen">Pedersen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Britt_Karin_Larsen" title="Britt Karin Larsen">B.K. Larsen</a> & <a href="/wiki/Torild_Warden%C3%A6r" title="Torild Wardenær">Wardenær</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Kjersti_Annesdatter_Skomsvold" title="Kjersti Annesdatter Skomsvold">Skomsvold</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ole_Robert_Sunde" title="Ole Robert Sunde">Sunde</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Inghill_Johansen" title="Inghill Johansen">Johansen </a> & <a href="/wiki/Per_Petterson" title="Per Petterson"> Petterson </a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Steinar_Opstad" title="Steinar Opstad">Opstad </a> & <a href="/wiki/Linn_Ullmann" title="Linn Ullmann"> Ullmann </a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Helge_Torvund" title="Helge Torvund">Torvund</a> & <a href="/wiki/Vigdis_Hjorth" title="Vigdis Hjorth">Hjorth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/Johan_Harstad" title="Johan Harstad">Harstad</a> & <a href="/wiki/Olaug_Nilssen" title="Olaug Nilssen">Nilssen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Frode_Tiller" title="Carl Frode Tiller">Tiller</a> & <a href="/wiki/Nils_Christian_Moe-Repstad" title="Nils Christian Moe-Repstad">Moe-Repstad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/Kjartan_Hatl%C3%B8y" title="Kjartan Hatløy">Hatløy</a> & <a href="/wiki/Mona_H%C3%B8vring" title="Mona Høvring">Høvring</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Kielland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victoria Kielland (page does not exist)">Kielland</a> & <a href="/wiki/Lars_Mytting" title="Lars Mytting">Mytting</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023: <a href="/wiki/Brit_Bild%C3%B8en" title="Brit Bildøen">Bildøen</a> & <a href="/wiki/Gunnar_W%C3%A6rness" title="Gunnar Wærness">Wærness</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/Ingvild_H._Rish%C3%B8i" title="Ingvild H. Rishøi">Rishøi</a> & <a href="/wiki/Laila_Stien" title="Laila Stien">Stien</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sweden</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Ekel%C3%B6f" title="Gunnar Ekelöf">Ekelöf</a> & <a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Johnson" title="Eyvind Johnson">Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Sten_Selander" title="Sten Selander">Selander</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Lo-Johansson" title="Ivar Lo-Johansson">Lo-Johansson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Martinson</a> & <a href="/wiki/Erik_Lindegren" title="Erik Lindegren">Lindegren</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Asplund" title="Karl Asplund">Asplund</a> & <a href="/wiki/Sven_Barthel" title="Sven Barthel">Barthel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/Bertil_Malmberg" title="Bertil Malmberg">Malmberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Ruin" title="Hans Ruin">Ruin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Artur_Lundkvist" title="Artur Lundkvist">Lundkvist</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Hedenvind-Eriksson" title="Gustav Hedenvind-Eriksson">Hedenvind-Eriksson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Johnson" title="Eyvind Johnson">Johnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Sara_Lidman" title="Sara Lidman">Lidman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Irja_Agnes_Browallius" title="Irja Agnes Browallius">Browallius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Ahlin" title="Lars Ahlin">Ahlin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Gyllensten" title="Lars Gyllensten">Gyllensten</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Fritiof_Nilsson_Piraten" title="Fritiof Nilsson Piraten">Nilsson Piraten</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Tage_Aurell" title="Tage Aurell">Aurell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rn-Erik_H%C3%B6ijer" title="Björn-Erik Höijer">Höijer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Jan_Frideg%C3%A5rd" title="Jan Fridegård">Fridegård</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Sven_Lindqvist" title="Sven Lindqvist">Lindqvist</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Birgitta_Trotzig" title="Birgitta Trotzig">Trotzig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Sivar_Arn%C3%A9r" title="Sivar Arnér">Arnér</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/Erik_Beckman" title="Erik Beckman">Beckman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Lo-Johansson" title="Ivar Lo-Johansson">Lo-Johansson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Per_Erik_Rundquist" title="Per Erik Rundquist">Rundquist</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Tora_Dahl" title="Tora Dahl">Dahl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Sven_Barthel" title="Sven Barthel">Barthel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Margareta_Ekstr%C3%B6m" title="Margareta Ekström">Ekström</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Tore_Zetterholm" title="Tore Zetterholm">Zetterholm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Maria_Gripe" title="Maria Gripe">Gripe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Sven_Fagerberg" title="Sven Fagerberg">Fagerberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Sandgren" title="Gunnar Sandgren">Sandgren</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/P._C._Jersild" title="P. C. Jersild">Jersild</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Sandro_Key-%C3%85berg" title="Sandro Key-Åberg">Key-Åberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Sven_Rosendahl" title="Sven Rosendahl">Rosendahl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Anderberg" title="Bengt Anderberg">Anderberg</a> & <a href="/wiki/Sara_Lidman" title="Sara Lidman">Lidman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Ardelius" title="Lars Ardelius">Ardelius</a> & <a href="/wiki/Carl-Henning_Wijkmark" title="Carl-Henning Wijkmark">Wijkmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Carl-G%C3%B6ran_Ekerwald" title="Carl-Göran Ekerwald">Ekerwald</a> & <a href="/wiki/Torgny_Lindgren" title="Torgny Lindgren">Lindgren</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Per_Olov_Enquist" title="Per Olov Enquist">Enquist</a> & <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ran_Sonnevi" title="Göran Sonnevi">Sonnevi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Ulla-Britta_Lagerroth" title="Ulla-Britta Lagerroth">Lagerroth</a> & <a href="/wiki/Birger_Norman" title="Birger Norman">Norman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Comb%C3%BCchen" title="Sigrid Combüchen">Combüchen</a> & <a href="/wiki/George_Klein_(biologist)" title="George Klein (biologist)">Klein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Granlid" title="Hans Granlid">Granlid</a> & <a href="/wiki/Agneta_Pleijel" title="Agneta Pleijel">Pleijel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Berggren" title="Tobias Berggren">Berggren</a> & <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ran_Printz-P%C3%A5hlson" title="Göran Printz-Påhlson">Printz-Påhlson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Gustafsson_(writer)" title="Madeleine Gustafsson (writer)">Gustafsson</a> & <a href="/wiki/Anna_Westberg" title="Anna Westberg">Westberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertil_Romberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bertil Romberg (page does not exist)">Romberg</a> & <a href="/wiki/Eva_Runefelt" title="Eva Runefelt">Runefelt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Per_Agne_Erkelius" title="Per Agne Erkelius">Erkelius</a> & <a href="/wiki/Rita_Tornborg" title="Rita Tornborg">Tornborg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Inger_Edelfeldt" title="Inger Edelfeldt">Edelfelt</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lennart_Sj%C3%B6gren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lennart Sjögren (page does not exist)">Sjögren</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christer_Eriksson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christer Eriksson (page does not exist)">Eriksson</a> & <a href="/wiki/Stig_Larsson_(author)" title="Stig Larsson (author)">Larsson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Eriksson_(author)" title="Ulf Eriksson (author)">Eriksson</a> & <a href="/wiki/Klas_%C3%96stergren" title="Klas Östergren">Östergren</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Kristina_Lugn" title="Kristina Lugn">Lugn</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ole_S%C3%B6derstr%C3%B6m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ole Söderström (page does not exist)">Söderström</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louise_Ekelund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louise Ekelund (page does not exist)">Ekelund</a> & <a href="/wiki/Per_Odensten" title="Per Odensten">Odensten</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnus_Florin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnus Florin (page does not exist)">Florin</a> & <a href="/wiki/Birgitta_Lillpers" title="Birgitta Lillpers">Lillpers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/Anne-Marie_Berglund" title="Anne-Marie Berglund">Berglund</a> & <a href="/wiki/Claes_Hylinger" title="Claes Hylinger">Hylinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Mare_Kandre" title="Mare Kandre">Kandre</a> & <a href="/wiki/Anders_Palm" title="Anders Palm">Palm</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Ann_J%C3%A4derlund" title="Ann Jäderlund">Jäderlund</a> & <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rn_Ranelid" title="Björn Ranelid">Ranelid</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Lars_L%C3%B6nnroth" title="Lars Lönnroth">Lönnroth</a> & <a href="/wiki/Steve_Sem-Sandberg" title="Steve Sem-Sandberg">Sem-Sandberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Fehrman" title="Carl Fehrman">Fehrman</a> & <a href="/wiki/Carola_Hansson" title="Carola Hansson">Hansson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Furuland" title="Lars Furuland">Furuland</a> & <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Rynell" title="Elisabeth Rynell">Rynell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Niklas_R%C3%A5dstr%C3%B6m" title="Niklas Rådström">Rådström</a> & <a href="/wiki/Johan_Cullberg" title="Johan Cullberg">Cullberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Mattson" title="Ellen Mattson">Mattson</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ingela_Strandberg" title="Ingela Strandberg">Strandberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Kylhammar" title="Martin Kylhammar">Kylhammar</a> & <a href="/wiki/Bruno_K._%C3%96ijer" title="Bruno K. Öijer">Öijer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Harding" title="Gunnar Harding">Harding</a> & <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Hjorth" title="Daniel Hjorth">Hjorth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Helena_Eriksson" title="Helena Eriksson">Eriksson</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnus_Dahlstr%C3%B6m_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnus Dahlström (author) (page does not exist)">Dahlström</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Jakobson" title="Lars Jakobson">Jakobson</a> & <a href="/wiki/Sara_Stridsberg" title="Sara Stridsberg">Stridsberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl-Johan_Malmberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl-Johan Malmberg (page does not exist)">Malmberg</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bj%C3%B6rn_Meidal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Björn Meidal (page does not exist)">Meidal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Ylva_Eggehorn" title="Ylva Eggehorn">Eggehorn</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Cornell_(writer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Cornell (writer) (page does not exist)">Cornell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Kristina_Sandberg" title="Kristina Sandberg"> Sandberg </a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mirja_Unge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mirja Unge (page does not exist)">Unge </a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Kallifatides" title="Theodor Kallifatides"> Kallifatides </a> & <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Lundell" title="Ulf Lundell">Lundell </a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Anyuru" title="Johannes Anyuru">Anyuru</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ida_B%C3%B6rjel" title="Ida Börjel">Börjel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Brunner_(writer)" title="Ernst Brunner (writer)">Brunner</a> & <a href="/wiki/Carin_Franz%C3%A9n" title="Carin Franzén">Franzén</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Andersson_(writer)" title="Lars Andersson (writer)">Andersson</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Handberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Handberg (page does not exist)">Handberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arne_Johnsson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arne Johnsson (page does not exist)">Johnsson</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Staffan_S%C3%B6derblom_(writer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Staffan Söderblom (writer) (page does not exist)">Söderblom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Per_Odensten" title="Per Odensten">Odensten</a> & <a href="/wiki/Anna-Karin_Palm" title="Anna-Karin Palm">Palm</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krister_Gustavsson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krister Gustavsson (page does not exist)">Gustavsson</a> & <a href="/wiki/Kerstin_Norborg" title="Kerstin Norborg">Norborg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B6rgen_Lind&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jörgen Lind (page does not exist)">Lind</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Samuelsson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tony Samuelsson (page does not exist)">Samuelsson</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature168" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Template:Nobel Prize in Literature"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Template talk:Nobel Prize in Literature"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Prize in Literature"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature168" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Literature" title="List of Nobel laureates in Literature">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1920</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1901_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1901 Nobel Prize in Literature">1901</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sully_Prudhomme" title="Sully Prudhomme">Sully Prudhomme</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1902_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1902 Nobel Prize in Literature">1902</a>: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Theodor Mommsen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1903_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1903 Nobel Prize in Literature">1903</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rnstjerne_Bj%C3%B8rnson" title="Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson">Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1904_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1904 Nobel Prize in Literature">1904</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral" title="Frédéric Mistral">Frédéric Mistral</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray">José Echegaray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1905_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1905 Nobel Prize in Literature">1905</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henryk_Sienkiewicz" title="Henryk Sienkiewicz">Henryk Sienkiewicz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1906_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1906 Nobel Prize in Literature">1906</a>: <a href="/wiki/Giosu%C3%A8_Carducci" title="Giosuè Carducci">Giosuè Carducci</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1907_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1907 Nobel Prize in Literature">1907</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1908_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1908 Nobel Prize in Literature">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Christoph_Eucken" title="Rudolf Christoph Eucken">Rudolf Eucken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1909_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1909 Nobel Prize in Literature">1909</a>: <a href="/wiki/Selma_Lagerl%C3%B6f" title="Selma Lagerlöf">Selma Lagerlöf</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1910_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1910 Nobel Prize in Literature">1910</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Heyse" title="Paul Heyse">Paul Heyse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1911_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1911 Nobel Prize in Literature">1911</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Maeterlinck" title="Maurice Maeterlinck">Maurice Maeterlinck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1912_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1912 Nobel Prize in Literature">1912</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann" title="Gerhart Hauptmann">Gerhart Hauptmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1913_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1913 Nobel Prize in Literature">1913</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1914_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1914 Nobel Prize in Literature">1914</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1915_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1915 Nobel Prize in Literature">1915</a>: <a href="/wiki/Romain_Rolland" title="Romain Rolland">Romain Rolland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1916_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1916 Nobel Prize in Literature">1916</a>: <a href="/wiki/Verner_von_Heidenstam" title="Verner von Heidenstam">Verner von Heidenstam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1917_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1917 Nobel Prize in Literature">1917</a>: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Adolph_Gjellerup" title="Karl Adolph Gjellerup">Karl Gjellerup</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Pontoppidan" title="Henrik Pontoppidan">Henrik Pontoppidan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1918_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1918 Nobel Prize in Literature">1918</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1919_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1919 Nobel Prize in Literature">1919</a>: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Spitteler" title="Carl Spitteler">Carl Spitteler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1920_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1920 Nobel Prize in Literature">1920</a>: <a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Knut Hamsun</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1921–1940</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1921_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1921 Nobel Prize in Literature">1921</a>: <a href="/wiki/Anatole_France" title="Anatole France">Anatole France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1922_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1922 Nobel Prize in Literature">1922</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jacinto_Benavente" title="Jacinto Benavente">Jacinto Benavente</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1923_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1923 Nobel Prize in Literature">1923</a>: <a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1923_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1923 Nobel Prize in Literature">1924</a>: <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont">Władysław Reymont</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1925_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1925 Nobel Prize in Literature">1925</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1926_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1926 Nobel Prize in Literature">1926</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grazia_Deledda" title="Grazia Deledda">Grazia Deledda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1927_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1927 Nobel Prize in Literature">1927</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Henri Bergson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1928_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1928 Nobel Prize in Literature">1928</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Undset" title="Sigrid Undset">Sigrid Undset</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1929_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1929 Nobel Prize in Literature">1929</a>: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1930_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1930 Nobel Prize in Literature">1930</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Lewis" title="Sinclair Lewis">Sinclair Lewis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1931_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1931 Nobel Prize in Literature">1931</a>: <a href="/wiki/Erik_Axel_Karlfeldt" title="Erik Axel Karlfeldt">Erik Axel Karlfeldt</a> (<i>posthumously</i>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1932_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1932 Nobel Prize in Literature">1932</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Galsworthy" title="John Galsworthy">John Galsworthy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1933_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1933 Nobel Prize in Literature">1933</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Bunin" title="Ivan Bunin">Ivan Bunin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1934_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1934 Nobel Prize in Literature">1934</a>: <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello" title="Luigi Pirandello">Luigi Pirandello</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1935_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1935 Nobel Prize in Literature">1935</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1936_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1936 Nobel Prize in Literature">1936</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">Eugene O'Neill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1937_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1937 Nobel Prize in Literature">1937</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Martin_du_Gard" title="Roger Martin du Gard">Roger Martin du Gard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1938_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1938 Nobel Prize in Literature">1938</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1939_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1939 Nobel Prize in Literature">1939</a>: <a href="/wiki/Frans_Eemil_Sillanp%C3%A4%C3%A4" title="Frans Eemil Sillanpää">Frans Eemil Sillanpää</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1940_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1940 Nobel Prize in Literature">1940</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1941–1960</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1941_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1941 Nobel Prize in Literature">1941</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1942_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1942 Nobel Prize in Literature">1942</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey"><a href="/wiki/1943_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1943 Nobel Prize in Literature">1943</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1944_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1944 Nobel Prize in Literature">1944</a>: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_V._Jensen" title="Johannes V. Jensen">Johannes V. Jensen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1945_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1945 Nobel Prize in Literature">1945</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Mistral" title="Gabriela Mistral">Gabriela Mistral</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1946_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1946 Nobel Prize in Literature">1946</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hermann Hesse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1947_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1947 Nobel Prize in Literature">1947</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">André Gide</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1948_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1948 Nobel Prize in Literature">1948</a>: <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1949_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1949 Nobel Prize in Literature">1949</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1950_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1950 Nobel Prize in Literature">1950</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1951_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1951 Nobel Prize in Literature">1951</a>: <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4r_Lagerkvist" title="Pär Lagerkvist">Pär Lagerkvist</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1952_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1952 Nobel Prize in Literature">1952</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriac" title="François Mauriac">François Mauriac</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1953_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1953 Nobel Prize in Literature">1953</a>: <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1954_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1954 Nobel Prize in Literature">1954</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1955_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1955 Nobel Prize in Literature">1955</a>: <a href="/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness">Halldór Laxness</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1956_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1956 Nobel Prize in Literature">1956</a>: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ram%C3%B3n_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Juan Ramón Jiménez">Juan Ramón Jiménez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1957_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1957 Nobel Prize in Literature">1957</a>: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1958_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1958 Nobel Prize in Literature">1958</a>: <a href="/wiki/Boris_Pasternak" title="Boris Pasternak">Boris Pasternak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1959_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1959 Nobel Prize in Literature">1959</a>: <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Quasimodo" title="Salvatore Quasimodo">Salvatore Quasimodo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1960_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1960 Nobel Prize in Literature">1960</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saint-John_Perse" title="Saint-John Perse">Saint-John Perse</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1961–1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1961_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1961 Nobel Prize in Literature">1961</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Andri%C4%87" title="Ivo Andrić">Ivo Andrić</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1962_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1962 Nobel Prize in Literature">1962</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1963_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1963 Nobel Prize in Literature">1963</a>: <a href="/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis" title="Giorgos Seferis">Giorgos Seferis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1964_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1964 Nobel Prize in Literature">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a> (declined award)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1965_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1965 Nobel Prize in Literature">1965</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Sholokhov" title="Mikhail Sholokhov">Mikhail Sholokhov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1966_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1966 Nobel Prize in Literature">1966</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shmuel_Yosef_Agnon" title="Shmuel Yosef Agnon">Shmuel Yosef Agnon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nelly_Sachs" title="Nelly Sachs">Nelly Sachs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1967_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1967 Nobel Prize in Literature">1967</a>: <a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Asturias" title="Miguel Ángel Asturias">Miguel Ángel Asturias</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1968_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1968 Nobel Prize in Literature">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yasunari_Kawabata" title="Yasunari Kawabata">Yasunari Kawabata</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1969_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1969 Nobel Prize in Literature">1969</a>: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1970_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1970 Nobel Prize in Literature">1970</a>: <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1971_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1971 Nobel Prize in Literature">1971</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Neruda" title="Pablo Neruda">Pablo Neruda</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1972_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1972 Nobel Prize in Literature">1972</a>: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll">Heinrich Böll</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1973_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1973 Nobel Prize in Literature">1973</a>: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_White" title="Patrick White">Patrick White</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1974_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1974 Nobel Prize in Literature">1974</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Johnson" title="Eyvind Johnson">Eyvind Johnson</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harry Martinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1975_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1975 Nobel Prize in Literature">1975</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Montale" title="Eugenio Montale">Eugenio Montale</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1976_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1976 Nobel Prize in Literature">1976</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1977_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1977 Nobel Prize in Literature">1977</a>: <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Aleixandre" title="Vicente Aleixandre">Vicente Aleixandre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1978_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1978 Nobel Prize in Literature">1978</a>: <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Bashevis_Singer" title="Isaac Bashevis Singer">Isaac Bashevis Singer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1979_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1979 Nobel Prize in Literature">1979</a>: <a href="/wiki/Odysseas_Elytis" title="Odysseas Elytis">Odysseas Elytis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1980_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1980 Nobel Prize in Literature">1980</a>: <a href="/wiki/Czes%C5%82aw_Mi%C5%82osz" title="Czesław Miłosz">Czesław Miłosz</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1981_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1981 Nobel Prize in Literature">1981</a>: <a href="/wiki/Elias_Canetti" title="Elias Canetti">Elias Canetti</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1982_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1982 Nobel Prize in Literature">1982</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez" title="Gabriel García Márquez">Gabriel García Márquez</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1983_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1983 Nobel Prize in Literature">1983</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Golding" title="William Golding">William Golding</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1984_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1984 Nobel Prize in Literature">1984</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Seifert" title="Jaroslav Seifert">Jaroslav Seifert</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1985_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1985 Nobel Prize in Literature">1985</a>: <a href="/wiki/Claude_Simon" title="Claude Simon">Claude Simon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1986_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1986 Nobel Prize in Literature">1986</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wole_Soyinka" title="Wole Soyinka">Wole Soyinka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1987_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1987 Nobel Prize in Literature">1987</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky">Joseph Brodsky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1988_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1988 Nobel Prize in Literature">1988</a>: <a href="/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz">Naguib Mahfouz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1989_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1989 Nobel Prize in Literature">1989</a>: <a href="/wiki/Camilo_Jos%C3%A9_Cela" title="Camilo José Cela">Camilo José Cela</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1990_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1990 Nobel Prize in Literature">1990</a>: <a href="/wiki/Octavio_Paz" title="Octavio Paz">Octavio Paz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1991_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1991 Nobel Prize in Literature">1991</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nadine_Gordimer" title="Nadine Gordimer">Nadine Gordimer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1992_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1992 Nobel Prize in Literature">1992</a>: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Walcott" title="Derek Walcott">Derek Walcott</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1993_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1993 Nobel Prize in Literature">1993</a>: <a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1994_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1994 Nobel Prize in Literature">1994</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kenzabur%C5%8D_%C5%8Ce" title="Kenzaburō Ōe">Kenzaburō Ōe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1995_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1995 Nobel Prize in Literature">1995</a>: <a href="/wiki/Seamus_Heaney" title="Seamus Heaney">Seamus Heaney</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1996_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1996 Nobel Prize in Literature">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wis%C5%82awa_Szymborska" title="Wisława Szymborska">Wisława Szymborska</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1997_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1997 Nobel Prize in Literature">1997</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dario_Fo" title="Dario Fo">Dario Fo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1998_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1998 Nobel Prize in Literature">1998</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saramago" title="José Saramago">José Saramago</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1999_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1999 Nobel Prize in Literature">1999</a>: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass">Günter Grass</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2000_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2000 Nobel Prize in Literature">2000</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian">Gao Xingjian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2001_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2001 Nobel Prize in Literature">2001</a>: <a href="/wiki/V._S._Naipaul" title="V. S. Naipaul">V. S. Naipaul</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2002_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2002 Nobel Prize in Literature">2002</a>: <a href="/wiki/Imre_Kert%C3%A9sz" title="Imre Kertész">Imre Kertész</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2003_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2003 Nobel Prize in Literature">2003</a>: <a href="/wiki/J._M._Coetzee" title="J. M. Coetzee">J. M. Coetzee</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2004 Nobel Prize in Literature">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Elfriede_Jelinek" title="Elfriede Jelinek">Elfriede Jelinek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2005_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2005 Nobel Prize in Literature">2005</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Harold Pinter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2006 Nobel Prize in Literature">2006</a>: <a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Orhan Pamuk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2007_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2007 Nobel Prize in Literature">2007</a>: <a href="/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing">Doris Lessing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2008_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2008 Nobel Prize in Literature">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/J._M._G._Le_Cl%C3%A9zio" title="J. M. G. Le Clézio">J. M. G. Le Clézio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2009 Nobel Prize in Literature">2009</a>: <a href="/wiki/Herta_M%C3%BCller" title="Herta Müller">Herta Müller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2010 Nobel Prize in Literature">2010</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa" title="Mario Vargas Llosa">Mario Vargas Llosa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2011_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2011 Nobel Prize in Literature">2011</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Transtr%C3%B6mer" title="Tomas Tranströmer">Tomas Tranströmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2012 Nobel Prize in Literature">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mo_Yan" title="Mo Yan">Mo Yan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2013_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2013 Nobel Prize in Literature">2013</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alice_Munro" title="Alice Munro">Alice Munro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2014 Nobel Prize in Literature">2014</a>: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Modiano" title="Patrick Modiano">Patrick Modiano</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2015 Nobel Prize in Literature">2015</a>: <a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Alexievich" title="Svetlana Alexievich">Svetlana Alexievich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2016_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2016 Nobel Prize in Literature">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2017_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2017 Nobel Prize in Literature">2017</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kazuo_Ishiguro" title="Kazuo Ishiguro">Kazuo Ishiguro</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2018 Nobel Prize in Literature">2018</a>: <a href="/wiki/Olga_Tokarczuk" title="Olga Tokarczuk">Olga Tokarczuk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2019 Nobel Prize in Literature">2019</a>: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Peter Handke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2020 Nobel Prize in Literature">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Louise_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Louise Glück">Louise Glück</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2021 Nobel Prize in Literature">2021</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abdulrazak_Gurnah" title="Abdulrazak Gurnah">Abdulrazak Gurnah</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2022_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2022 Nobel Prize in Literature">2022</a>: <a href="/wiki/Annie_Ernaux" title="Annie Ernaux">Annie Ernaux</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2023_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2023 Nobel Prize in Literature">2023</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jon_Fosse" title="Jon Fosse">Jon Fosse</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2024_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2024 Nobel Prize in Literature">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Han_Kang" title="Han Kang">Han Kang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2025_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2025 Nobel Prize in Literature">2025</a>: <i>to be determined</i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1974_Nobel_Prize_laureates913" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1974_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1974 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1974_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template talk:1974 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1974_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1974 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1974_Nobel_Prize_laureates913" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1974 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Paul Flory</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/1974_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1974 Nobel Prize in Literature">1974</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Johnson" title="Eyvind Johnson">Eyvind Johnson</a> (Sweden)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harry Martinson</a> (Sweden)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_MacBride" title="Seán MacBride">Seán MacBride</a> (Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D" title="Eisaku Satō">Eisaku Satō</a> (Japan)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Martin Ryle</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Antony Hewish</a> (United Kingdom)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Albert Claude</a> (Belgium)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Duve" title="Christian de Duve">Christian de Duve</a> (Belgium)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">George Emil Palade</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Myrdal" title="Gunnar Myrdal">Gunnar Myrdal</a> (Sweden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Friedrich Hayek</a> (Austria)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1969_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1969 Nobel Prize winners">1969</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1970_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1970 Nobel Prize winners">1970</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1971_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1971 Nobel Prize winners">1971</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1972_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1972 Nobel Prize winners">1972</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1973_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1973 Nobel Prize winners">1973</a></dd> <dd><b>1974 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1975_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1975 Nobel Prize winners">1975</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1976_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1976 Nobel Prize winners">1976</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1977_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1977 Nobel Prize winners">1977</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1978_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1978 Nobel Prize winners">1978</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1979_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1979 Nobel Prize winners">1979</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Swedish_Nobel_laureates333" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Swedish_Nobel_Laureates" title="Template:Swedish Nobel Laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Swedish_Nobel_Laureates" title="Template talk:Swedish Nobel Laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Swedish_Nobel_Laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Swedish Nobel Laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Swedish_Nobel_laureates333" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Swedish <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">laureates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1903: <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Svante Arrhenius</a></li> <li>1926: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Theodor Svedberg</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">Hans von Euler-Chelpin</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Arne Tiselius</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Tomas Lindahl</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1909: <a href="/wiki/Selma_Lagerl%C3%B6f" title="Selma Lagerlöf">Selma Lagerlöf</a></li> <li>1916: <a href="/wiki/Verner_von_Heidenstam" title="Verner von Heidenstam">Verner von Heidenstam</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/Erik_Axel_Karlfeldt" title="Erik Axel Karlfeldt">Erik Axel Karlfeldt</a> <small>(posthumously)</small></li> <li>1951: <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4r_Lagerkvist" title="Pär Lagerkvist">Pär Lagerkvist</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/Nelly_Sachs" title="Nelly Sachs">Nelly Sachs</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Johnson" title="Eyvind Johnson">Eyvind Johnson</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harry Martinson</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Transtr%C3%B6mer" title="Tomas Tranströmer">Tomas Tranströmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1908: <a href="/wiki/Klas_Pontus_Arnoldson" title="Klas Pontus Arnoldson">Klas Pontus Arnoldson</a></li> <li>1921: <a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Branting" title="Hjalmar Branting">Hjalmar Branting</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/Nathan_S%C3%B6derblom" title="Nathan Söderblom">Nathan Söderblom</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" title="Dag Hammarskjöld">Dag Hammarskjöld</a> <small>(posthumously)</small></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Alva_Myrdal" title="Alva Myrdal">Alva Myrdal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1912: <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" title="Gustaf Dalén">Gustaf Dalén</a></li> <li>1924: <a href="/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn" title="Manne Siegbahn">Manne Siegbahn</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Hannes Alfvén</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">Kai Siegbahn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1911: <a href="/wiki/Allvar_Gullstrand" title="Allvar Gullstrand">Allvar Gullstrand</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Theorell" title="Hugo Theorell">Hugo Theorell</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Ragnar Granit</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Ulf_von_Euler" title="Ulf von Euler">Ulf von Euler</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Torsten_Wiesel" title="Torsten Wiesel">Torsten Wiesel</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m" title="Sune Bergström">Sune Bergström</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bengt_I._Samuelsson" title="Bengt I. Samuelsson">Bengt I. Samuelsson</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Arvid Carlsson</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Svante Pääbo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Myrdal" title="Gunnar Myrdal">Gunnar Myrdal</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Bertil_Ohlin" title="Bertil Ohlin">Bertil Ohlin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132695#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123198935">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/14773510">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/39371/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdcywbmhyyJFk4cCTHcT3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118865854">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79079441">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11914898s">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11914898s">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/001133392">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35331726">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2003169712&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Martinsons, Harry"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0273059&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000858086">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/42gjk5sn05r0tn7">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810701314205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007601562105171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000196561">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14804200">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02426105?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/b6d8dfd8-8ee1-42a3-928d-d006b9dceab6">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/11091b7d-b125-4c31-9ffd-68e80b7dff31">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/914571">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118865854.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118865854">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/034364048">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6xh1h8j">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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