CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Bahram Chobin - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"393323f1-77d2-4716-be33-1e1ba6baf8e1","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Bahram_Chobin","wgTitle":"Bahram Chobin","wgCurRevisionId":1252410410,"wgRevisionId":1252410410,"wgArticleId":3581762,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Articles containing Middle Persian-language text","Articles containing Persian-language text","Lang and lang-xx template errors","Articles containing Old Georgian-language text","Articles containing Old Armenian-language text","Articles containing Latin-language text","Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text","Articles containing Koinē Greek-language text","CS1 errors: periodical ignored", "All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from September 2023","Articles with permanently dead external links","CS1 maint: location missing publisher","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Shahnameh characters","House of Mihran","Spahbeds","591 deaths","Governors of Ray","Governors of the Sasanian Empire","People of the Roman–Sasanian Wars","Rebellions against the Sasanian Empire","6th-century Sasanian monarchs","6th-century births","People from Ray, Iran","Generals of Khosrow I","Messianism","Western Turkic Khaganate","Zoroastrian eschatology","Arsacid dynasty","Usurpers","Generals of Hormizd IV"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Bahram_Chobin","wgRelevantArticleId":3581762,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams" :{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q311283","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles": "ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents", "ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/BahramChobinCoinHistoryofIran.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1164"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/BahramChobinCoinHistoryofIran.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="776"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="621"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Bahram Chobin - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_Chobin"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_Chobin&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_Chobin"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Bahram_Chobin rootpage-Bahram_Chobin skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Bahram+Chobin" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Bahram+Chobin" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Bahram+Chobin" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Bahram+Chobin" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rebellion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rebellion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rebellion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rebellion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flight_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flight_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Flight and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flight_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fate_of_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fate_of_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Fate of family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fate_of_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_tree" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_tree"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Family tree</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_tree-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bahram Chobin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بهرام جوبين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بهرام جوبين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C9%99hram_%C3%87ubin" title="Bəhram Çubin – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bəhram Çubin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86" title="بهرام چوبین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بهرام چوبین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Бахрам Чобен – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бахрам Чобен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_VI" title="Bahram VI – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bahram VI" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahr%C4%81m_Cubine" title="Bahrām Cubine – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bahrām Cubine" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahr%C3%A1m_%C4%8C%C3%B3v%C3%A9n" title="Bahrám Čóvén – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bahrám Čóvén" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_Chobin" title="Bahram Chobin – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bahram Chobin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_Tschobin" title="Bahram Tschobin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bahram Tschobin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_VI" title="Bahram VI – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bahram VI" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86" title="بهرام چوبین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بهرام چوبین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahram_VI" title="Vahram VI – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vahram VI" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%ED%9D%90%EB%9E%8C_%EC%BD%94%EB%B9%88" title="바흐람 코빈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바흐람 코빈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4_%D5%89%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A2%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Վահրամ Չուբին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վահրամ Չուբին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_%C4%8Cobin" title="Bahram Čobin – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bahram Čobin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_VI" title="Bahram VI – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bahram VI" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/VI._Bahr%C3%A1m_sz%C3%A1sz%C3%A1nida_kir%C3%A1ly" title="VI. Bahrám szászánida király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="VI. Bahrám szászánida király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="पर्शियाचा सहावा बहराम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पर्शियाचा सहावा बहराम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بهرام جوبين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بهرام جوبين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86" title="بهرام چوبین – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بهرام چوبین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_VI" title="Bahram VI – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bahram VI" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%8F%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A06%E4%B8%96" title="バハラーム6世 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バハラーム6世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_VI_Chobin_av_Persia" title="Bahram VI Chobin av Persia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bahram VI Chobin av Persia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrom_Cho%CA%BBbin" title="Bahrom Choʻbin – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bahrom Choʻbin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_Czobin" title="Bahram Czobin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bahram Czobin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vararanes_VI" title="Vararanes VI – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vararanes VI" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бахрам Чубин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бахрам Чубин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1hr%C3%A1m_%C4%8C%C3%B3v%C3%A9n" title="Báhrám Čóvén – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Báhrám Čóvén" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_%C4%8Cobin" title="Bahram Čobin – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bahram Čobin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%86%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86" title="بارامی چۆیین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بارامی چۆیین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_VI" title="Бахрам VI – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бахрам VI" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_%C4%8Cobin" title="Bahram Čobin – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bahram Čobin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahr%C4%81m_Chobin" title="Bahrām Chobin – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bahrām Chobin" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%A7%D3%AF%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Баҳроми Чӯбин – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Баҳроми Чӯбин" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/VI._Behr%C3%A2m" title="VI. Behrâm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="VI. Behrâm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Бахрам Чубін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бахрам Чубін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86" title="بہرام چوبین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بہرام چوبین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahr%C4%81m_Chobin" title="Bahrām Chobin – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bahrām Chobin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behram_%C3%87ubin" title="Behram Çubin – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Behram Çubin" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%B5%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96" title="巴赫拉姆六世 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴赫拉姆六世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q311283#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_Chobin" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Bahram_Chobin" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_Chobin"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_Chobin&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_Chobin&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_Chobin"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_Chobin&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_Chobin&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Bahram_Chobin" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Bahram_Chobin" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_Chobin&oldid=1252410410" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_Chobin&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Bahram_Chobin&id=1252410410&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBahram_Chobin"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBahram_Chobin"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Bahram_Chobin&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_Chobin&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bahram_VI" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q311283" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sasanian general and political leader (died 591)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Bahram Chobin<br /><span title="Middle Persian-language text"><span lang="pal" dir="rtl">𐭥𐭫𐭧𐭫𐭠𐭭</span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:BahramChobinCoinHistoryofIran.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/BahramChobinCoinHistoryofIran.jpg/220px-BahramChobinCoinHistoryofIran.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/BahramChobinCoinHistoryofIran.jpg/330px-BahramChobinCoinHistoryofIran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/BahramChobinCoinHistoryofIran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="387" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_drachma" title="Ancient drachma">Drachma</a> of Bahram Chobin, minted at <a href="/wiki/Arrajan" title="Arrajan">Arrajan</a> in 590.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Kings_of_Iran_and_non-Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Kings of Iran and non-Iran">King of Kings of Iran and non-Iran</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">590–591</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_II" title="Khosrow II">Khosrow II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_II" title="Khosrow II">Khosrow II</a> (restored)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">591<br /><a href="/wiki/Fergana" title="Fergana">Fergana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Western Turkic Khaganate">Western Turkic Khaganate</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mihran_Bahram-i_Chobin" title="Mihran Bahram-i Chobin">Mihran</a></li> <li>Noshrad</li> <li>Shapur</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">Regnal name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Bahram VI</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Mihran" title="House of Mihran">House of Mihran</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_Gushnasp" title="Bahram Gushnasp">Bahram Gushnasp</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bahrām Chōbīn</b> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">بهرام چوبین</span>) or <b>Wahrām Chōbēn</b> (<a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle Persian</a>: <span title="Middle Persian-language text"><span lang="pal" dir="rtl">𐭥𐭫𐭧𐭫𐭠𐭭</span></span>; died 591), also known by his epithet <b>Mehrbandak</b> ("servant of <a href="/wiki/Mithra" title="Mithra">Mithra</a>"),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a nobleman, general, and political leader of the late <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a> and briefly its ruler as <b>Bahram VI</b> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 590–591</span>). </p><p>Son of general <a href="/wiki/Bahram_Gushnasp" title="Bahram Gushnasp">Bahram Gushnasp</a> and hailing from the noble <a href="/wiki/House_of_Mihran" title="House of Mihran">House of Mihran</a>, Bahram began his career as the governor of <a href="/wiki/Rey,_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rey, Iran">Ray</a>, and was promoted to the army chief (<i><a href="/wiki/Spahbed" title="Spahbed">spahbed</a></i>) of the northwestern portions of the empire after capturing the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> stronghold of <a href="/wiki/Dara_(Mesopotamia)" title="Dara (Mesopotamia)">Dara</a>, fighting in the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Sasanian_War_of_572%E2%80%93591" title="Byzantine–Sasanian War of 572–591">war of 572–591</a>. After a massive <a href="/wiki/First_Perso-Turkic_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Perso-Turkic War">Hephthalite-Turkic invasion</a> of the eastern Sasanian domains in 588, he was appointed as the <i>spahbed</i> in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a>, beginning a campaign that ended in a decisive Iranian victory. </p><p>Bahram earned an elevated position in Iran due to his noble descent, character, skills, and accomplishments. The Sasanian king (<a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">shah</a>) <a href="/wiki/Hormizd_IV" title="Hormizd IV">Hormizd IV</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 579–590</span>) was already distrustful of Bahram and stripped the increasingly popular general of his commands. Bahram began <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_civil_war_of_589-591" class="mw-redirect" title="Sasanian civil war of 589-591">a rebellion</a> aiming to reestablish the "more rightful" <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Arsacid Empire</a>, identifying himself with the promised savior of the <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrian</a> faith. Before he had reached the Sasanian capital of <a href="/wiki/Ctesiphon" title="Ctesiphon">Ctesiphon</a>, Hormizd was assassinated in support of his son, <a href="/wiki/Khosrow_II" title="Khosrow II">Khosrow II</a>, by another anti-Hormizd faction led by the two <a href="/wiki/House_of_Ispahbudhan" title="House of Ispahbudhan">Ispahbudhan</a> brothers, <a href="/wiki/Vistahm" title="Vistahm">Vistahm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vinduyih" title="Vinduyih">Vinduyih</a>. As Bahram captured Ctesiphon, Khosrow II fled to the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>, with the assistance of which he launched a campaign against Bahram, who was defeated with his outnumbered forces, but managed to flee to the <a href="/wiki/Western_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Western Turkic Khaganate">Western Turkic Khaganate</a> where he was well received. He was assassinated shortly thereafter at the instigation of Khosrow II, who was then the shah. </p><p>Bahram Chobin's legacy survived even after the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_invasion_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim invasion of Persia">Arab conquest of Iran</a> among Iranian nationalists, as well as in <a href="/wiki/Persian_literature" title="Persian literature">Persian literature</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_Chobin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His <a href="/wiki/Theophoric_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Theophoric names">theophoric name</a> <i>Bahram</i> is the <a href="/wiki/New_Persian" title="New Persian">New Persian</a> form of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle Persian</a> <span title="Middle Persian-language text"><i lang="pal-Latn">Warahrān</i></span> (also spelled <span title="Middle Persian-language text"><i lang="pal-Latn">Wahrām</i></span>), which is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Old_Iranian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Iranian languages">Old Iranian</a> *[Vṛθragna] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Lang}}: Non-latn text/Latn script subtag mismatch (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span>. The <a href="/wiki/Avestan" title="Avestan">Avestan</a> equivalent is <i><a href="/wiki/Verethragna" title="Verethragna">Verethragna</a></i>, the name of the god of victory, whilst the <a href="/wiki/Parthian_language" title="Parthian language">Parthian</a> version is *[Warθagn] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Lang}}: Non-latn text/Latn script subtag mismatch (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span>. Bahram's surname, Chobin ("Wooden Shaft", "Javelin-like"), was a nickname given to him due to his tall and slender appearance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016240_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKia2016240-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His appearance was also emphasized by the Persian poet <a href="/wiki/Ferdowsi" title="Ferdowsi">Ferdowsi</a>, who in his <i><a href="/wiki/Shahnameh" title="Shahnameh">Shahnameh</a></i>, described Bahram as a towering and dark-complexioned warrior with black curly hair.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016240_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKia2016240-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name Bahram Chobin is attested in <a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a> as <span title="Old Georgian-language text"><i lang="oge-Latn">Baram Č‛ubin[i]</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERapp2014195,_343_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERapp2014195,_343-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in Armenian as <span title="Old Armenian-language text"><i lang="xcl-Latn">Vahram Ch’obin</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESebeos1999168_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESebeos1999168-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first name also appears as <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Vararanes</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1971945_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1971945-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">Baram</i></span> (<span title="Koinē Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">Βαράμ</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Theophylact_Simocatta" title="Theophylact Simocatta">Theophylact Simocatta</a>) and <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">Baramos</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Βάραμος</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Joannes_Zonaras" title="Joannes Zonaras">Joannes Zonaras</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartindaleJonesMorris1992166_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartindaleJonesMorris1992166-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_Chobin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bahram was a member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Mihran" title="House of Mihran">House of Mihran</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Great_Houses_of_Iran" title="Seven Great Houses of Iran">seven Great Houses of Iran</a>. The family was of <a href="/wiki/Parthia" title="Parthia">Parthian</a> origin, and was centered in <a href="/wiki/Rey,_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rey, Iran">Ray</a>, south of <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>, the capital of present-day Iran. Bahram's father was <a href="/wiki/Bahram_Gushnasp" title="Bahram Gushnasp">Bahram Gushnasp</a>, a military officer who had <a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Sasanian_War_of_572%E2%80%93591" title="Byzantine–Sasanian War of 572–591">fought the Byzantines</a> and campaigned in <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Khosrow_I" title="Khosrow I">Khosrow I</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 531–579</span>). His grandfather <a href="/wiki/Golon_Mihran" title="Golon Mihran">Gurgin Milad</a> had served as the <i><a href="/wiki/Marzban" title="Marzban">marzban</a></i> (general of a frontier province, "<a href="/wiki/Margrave" title="Margrave">margrave</a>") of <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Armenia" title="Sasanian Armenia">Armenia</a> from 572 to 574.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008103_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008103-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bahram Chobin had three siblings whom were named: <a href="/wiki/Gordiya" title="Gordiya">Gordiya</a>, Gorduya and <a href="/wiki/Mardansina" title="Mardansina">Mardansina</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rise">Rise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_Chobin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Rise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Battle_between_Bahram_Chubina_and_Sava_Shah_LACMA_M.2009.44.1_(3_of_9).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/The_Battle_between_Bahram_Chubina_and_Sava_Shah_LACMA_M.2009.44.1_%283_of_9%29.jpg/250px-The_Battle_between_Bahram_Chubina_and_Sava_Shah_LACMA_M.2009.44.1_%283_of_9%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/The_Battle_between_Bahram_Chubina_and_Sava_Shah_LACMA_M.2009.44.1_%283_of_9%29.jpg/375px-The_Battle_between_Bahram_Chubina_and_Sava_Shah_LACMA_M.2009.44.1_%283_of_9%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/The_Battle_between_Bahram_Chubina_and_Sava_Shah_LACMA_M.2009.44.1_%283_of_9%29.jpg/500px-The_Battle_between_Bahram_Chubina_and_Sava_Shah_LACMA_M.2009.44.1_%283_of_9%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1385" /></a><figcaption>Bahram Chobin fighting <a href="/wiki/Bagha_Qaghan" title="Bagha Qaghan">Bagha Qaghan</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bahram Chobin originally started his career as <i>marzban</i> of Ray, but in 572 he commanded a cavalry force and took part in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Dara_(573)" title="Siege of Dara (573)">siege and capture</a> of the key Byzantine stronghold of <a href="/wiki/Daras" class="mw-redirect" title="Daras">Dara</a> and was promoted to army chief (<i><a href="/wiki/Spahbed" title="Spahbed">spahbed</a></i>) of the "North" (<a href="/wiki/Adurbadagan" title="Adurbadagan">Adurbadagan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Media_(region)" title="Media (region)">Greater Media</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After being promoted he fought <a href="/wiki/Byzantine%E2%80%93Sasanian_War_of_572%E2%80%93591" title="Byzantine–Sasanian War of 572–591">a long, indecisive campaign in 572–591</a> against the Byzantines in <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">northern Mesopotamia</a>. In 588, the <a href="/wiki/Western_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Western Turkic Khaganate">Turkic</a> <a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">Khagan</a> <a href="/wiki/Bagha_Qaghan" title="Bagha Qaghan">Bagha Qaghan</a> (known as Sabeh/Saba in <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> sources), together with his <a href="/wiki/Hephthalite_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hephthalite Empire">Hephthalite</a> subjects, <a href="/wiki/First_Perso-Turkic_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Perso-Turkic War">invaded</a> the Sasanian territories south of the <a href="/wiki/Oxus" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxus">Oxus</a>, where they attacked and routed the Sasanian soldiers stationed in <a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a>, and then proceeded to conquer the city along with <a href="/wiki/Taloqan" title="Taloqan">Talaqan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badghis" class="mw-redirect" title="Badghis">Badghis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Herat" title="Herat">Herat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017177_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017177-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a council of war, Bahram was chosen to lead an army against them and was given the governorship of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a>. Bahram's army supposedly consisted of 12,000 hand-picked horsemen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His army ambushed a large army of Turks and Hephthalites in April 588, at the battle of Hyrcanian rock,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaques2007463_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaques2007463-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and again in 589, re-conquering Balkh, where Bahram captured the Turkic treasury and the golden throne of the Khagan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017178_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017178-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then proceeded to cross the Oxus river and won a decisive victory over Turks, personally killing Bagha Qaghan with an arrowshot.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELitvinskyDani1996368–369_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELitvinskyDani1996368–369-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He managed to reach as far as Baykand, near <a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a>, and also contain an attack by the son of the deceased Khagan, Birmudha, whom Bahram had captured and sent to the Sasanian capital of <a href="/wiki/Ctesiphon" title="Ctesiphon">Ctesiphon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017178_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017178-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Birmudha was well received there by the Sasanian king (<a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">shah</a>) <a href="/wiki/Hormizd_IV" title="Hormizd IV">Hormizd IV</a>, who forty days later had him sent back to Bahram with the order that the Turkic prince should get sent back to Transoxiana.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017178_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017178-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sasanians now held suzerainty over the <a href="/wiki/Sogdia" title="Sogdia">Sogdian</a> cities of <a href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Chach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a>, where Hormizd minted coins.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017178_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017178-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin_of_Hormizd_IV,_Darabgerd_mint.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Coin_of_Hormizd_IV%2C_Darabgerd_mint.jpg/220px-Coin_of_Hormizd_IV%2C_Darabgerd_mint.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Coin_of_Hormizd_IV%2C_Darabgerd_mint.jpg/330px-Coin_of_Hormizd_IV%2C_Darabgerd_mint.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Coin_of_Hormizd_IV%2C_Darabgerd_mint.jpg/440px-Coin_of_Hormizd_IV%2C_Darabgerd_mint.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="393" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ancient_drachma" title="Ancient drachma">Drachma</a> of the Sasanian king (<a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">shah</a>) <a href="/wiki/Hormizd_IV" title="Hormizd IV">Hormizd IV</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 579–590</span>).</figcaption></figure> <p>After Bahram's great victory against the Turks he was sent to <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> to repel an invasion of nomads, possibly the <a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazars</a>, where he was victorious. He was later made commander of the Sasanian forces against the Byzantines once again, and successfully defeated a Byzantine force in <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>. However, he afterwards suffered a minor defeat by a Byzantine army on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Aras_(river)" title="Aras (river)">Aras</a>. Hormizd, who was jealous of Bahram, used this defeat as an excuse to dismiss him from his office, and had him humiliated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartindaleJonesMorris1992167_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartindaleJonesMorris1992167-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to another source, Bahram was the subject of jealousy after his victory against the Turks. Hormizd's minister <a href="/wiki/Azen_Gushnasp" title="Azen Gushnasp">Azen Gushnasp</a>, who was reportedly jealous of Bahram, accused him of having kept the best part of the booty for himself and only sending a small part to Hormizd.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETafazzoli1988260_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETafazzoli1988260-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to other sources, however, it was Birmudha or the courtiers that raised Hormizd's suspicion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETafazzoli1988260_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETafazzoli1988260-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regardless, Hormizd could not tolerate the rising fame of Bahram, and thus had him disgraced and removed from the Sasanian office for supposedly having kept some of the booty for himself. Furthermore, Hormizd also sent him a chain and a <a href="/wiki/Spindle_(textiles)" title="Spindle (textiles)">spindle</a> to show that he considered him as a lowly slave "as ungrateful as a woman".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enraged, Bahram, who was still in the east, rebelled against Hormizd.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The version of Bahram rebelling after his defeat against the Byzantines was supported by <a href="/wiki/Theodor_N%C3%B6ldeke" title="Theodor Nöldeke">Nöldeke</a> in 1879. However, a source found ten years later confirmed Bahram's rebellion took in fact place while he was still in the east.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rebellion">Rebellion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_Chobin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rebellion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Night_Attack_of_Bahram_Chubina_on_the_Army_of_Khusraw_Parvis_LACMA_M.2009.44.3_(2_of_8).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/The_Night_Attack_of_Bahram_Chubina_on_the_Army_of_Khusraw_Parvis_LACMA_M.2009.44.3_%282_of_8%29.jpg/250px-The_Night_Attack_of_Bahram_Chubina_on_the_Army_of_Khusraw_Parvis_LACMA_M.2009.44.3_%282_of_8%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/The_Night_Attack_of_Bahram_Chubina_on_the_Army_of_Khusraw_Parvis_LACMA_M.2009.44.3_%282_of_8%29.jpg/375px-The_Night_Attack_of_Bahram_Chubina_on_the_Army_of_Khusraw_Parvis_LACMA_M.2009.44.3_%282_of_8%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/The_Night_Attack_of_Bahram_Chubina_on_the_Army_of_Khusraw_Parvis_LACMA_M.2009.44.3_%282_of_8%29.jpg/500px-The_Night_Attack_of_Bahram_Chubina_on_the_Army_of_Khusraw_Parvis_LACMA_M.2009.44.3_%282_of_8%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1395" /></a><figcaption>Bahram Chobin's night attack against the Sasanian loyalists at <a href="/wiki/Nahrawan_Canal" title="Nahrawan Canal">Nahrawan Canal</a> near <a href="/wiki/Ctesiphon" title="Ctesiphon">Ctesiphon</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bahram, infuriated by Hormizd's actions, <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_civil_war_of_589-591" class="mw-redirect" title="Sasanian civil war of 589-591">responded by rebelling</a>, and due to his noble status and great military knowledge, was joined by his soldiers and many others. He then appointed a new governor for Khorasan, and afterwards set for Ctesiphon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This marked the first time in Sasanian history that a Parthian dynast challenged the legitimacy of the Sasanian family by rebelling.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati200896_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati200896-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Azen Gushnasp was sent to suppress to the rebellion, but was murdered in <a href="/wiki/Hamadan" title="Hamadan">Hamadan</a> by one of his own men, Zadespras. Another force under <a href="/wiki/Sarames_the_Elder" title="Sarames the Elder">Sarames the Elder</a> was also sent to stop Bahram, who defeated him and had him trampled to death by <a href="/wiki/Persian_war_elephants" title="Persian war elephants">elephants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarren26_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarren26-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, Hormizd tried to come to terms with his brothers-in-law <a href="/wiki/Vistahm" title="Vistahm">Vistahm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vinduyih" title="Vinduyih">Vinduyih</a>, "who equally hated Hormizd".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hormizd shortly had Vinduyih imprisoned, while Vistahm managed to flee from the court. After a short period of time, a palace coup under the two brothers occurred in Ctesiphon, which resulted in the blinding of Hormizd and the accession of the latter's oldest son <a href="/wiki/Khosrow_II" title="Khosrow II">Khosrow II</a> (who was their nephew through his mother's side). The two brothers shortly had Hormizd killed. Nevertheless, Bahram continued his march to Ctesiphon, now with the pretext of claiming to avenge Hormizd.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017178_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017178-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Khosrow then took a <a href="/wiki/Carrot_and_stick" title="Carrot and stick">carrot and stick</a> attitude, and wrote a message to Bahram, stressing his rightful claim to the Sasanian kingship: "Khosrow, kings of kings, ruler over the ruling, lord of the peoples, prince of peace, salvation of men, among gods the good and eternally living man, among men the most esteemed god, the highly illustrious, the victor, the one who rises with the sun and who lends the night his eyesight, the one famed through his ancestors, the king who hates, the benefactor who engaged the Sasanians and saved the Iranians their kingship—to Bahram, the general of the Iranians, our friend.... We have also taken over the royal throne in a lawful manner and have upset no Iranian customs.... We have so firmly decided not to take off the diadem that we even expected to rule over other worlds, if this were possible.... If you wish your welfare, think about what is to be done."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016241_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKia2016241-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bahram, however, ignored his warning—a few days later, he reached the <a href="/wiki/Nahrawan_Canal" title="Nahrawan Canal">Nahrawan Canal</a> near Ctesiphon, where he fought Khosrow's men, who were heavily outnumbered, but managed to hold Bahram's men back in several clashes. However, Khosrow's men eventually began losing their morale, and were in the end defeated by Bahram's forces. Khosrow, together with his two uncles, his wives, and a <a href="/wiki/Retinue" title="Retinue">retinue</a> of 30 nobles, thereafter fled to Byzantine territory, while Ctesiphon fell to Bahram.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward-Johnston2010_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoward-Johnston2010-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bahram declared himself king of kings in the summer of 590, asserting that the first Sasanian king <a href="/wiki/Ardashir_I" title="Ardashir I">Ardashir I</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 224–242</span>) had usurped the throne of the <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Arsacids</a>, and that he now was restoring their rule.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reign">Reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_Chobin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin_of_Bahram_Chobin,_Susa_mint.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Coin_of_Bahram_Chobin%2C_Susa_mint.jpg/220px-Coin_of_Bahram_Chobin%2C_Susa_mint.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Coin_of_Bahram_Chobin%2C_Susa_mint.jpg/330px-Coin_of_Bahram_Chobin%2C_Susa_mint.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Coin_of_Bahram_Chobin%2C_Susa_mint.jpg/440px-Coin_of_Bahram_Chobin%2C_Susa_mint.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gold_dinar" title="Gold dinar">Gold dinar</a> of Bahram Chobin, <a href="/wiki/Susa" title="Susa">Susa</a> mint.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bahram tried to support his cause with the <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrian</a> <a href="/wiki/Apocalypse" title="Apocalypse">apocalyptic</a> belief that by the end of <a href="/wiki/Zoroaster" title="Zoroaster">Zoroaster</a>'s millennium, chaos and destructive wars with the Hephthalites/Huns and the Romans occurs and then a savior would appear. Indeed, the Sasanians had misidentified Zoroaster's era with that of the <a href="/wiki/Seleucids" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucids">Seleucids</a> (312 BC), which put Bahram's life almost at the end of Zoroaster's millennium, he was therefore hailed by many as the promised savior Kay Bahram Varjavand.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bahram was to re-establish the <a href="/wiki/Arsacid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsacid Empire">Arsacid Empire</a> and commenced a new millennium of dynastic rule. He started minting coins, where he is on the front imitated as an exalted figure, bearded and wearing a <a href="/wiki/Crenellation" class="mw-redirect" title="Crenellation">crenellation</a>-shaped crown with two crescents of the moon, whilst the reverse shows the traditional <a href="/wiki/Fire_altar" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire altar">fire altar</a> flanked by two attendants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regardless, many nobles and priests still chose to side with the inexperienced and less dominant Khosrow II.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In order to get the attention of the Byzantine emperor <a href="/wiki/Maurice_(emperor)" title="Maurice (emperor)">Maurice</a> (r. 582–602), Khosrow II went to <a href="/wiki/Syria_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Syria (Roman province)">Syria</a>, and sent a message to the Sasanian occupied city of <a href="/wiki/Silvan,_Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="Silvan, Diyarbakır">Martyropolis</a> to stop their resistance against the Byzantines, but with no avail.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreatrexLieu2002172_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreatrexLieu2002172-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then sent a message to Maurice, and requested his help to regain the Sasanian throne, which the Byzantine emperor agreed with; in return, the Byzantines would re-gain sovereignty over the cities of <a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="Diyarbakır">Amida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carrhae" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrhae">Carrhae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dara_(Mesopotamia)" title="Dara (Mesopotamia)">Dara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silvan,_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Silvan, Turkey">Martyropolis</a>. Furthermore, Iran was required to stop intervening in the affairs of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iberia_(antiquity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Iberia (antiquity)">Iberia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, effectively ceding control of <a href="/wiki/Lazica" title="Lazica">Lazistan</a> to the Byzantines.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward-Johnston2010_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoward-Johnston2010-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_battle_between_kusrau_parvis_and_Bhram_Chubineh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/The_battle_between_kusrau_parvis_and_Bhram_Chubineh.jpg/220px-The_battle_between_kusrau_parvis_and_Bhram_Chubineh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/The_battle_between_kusrau_parvis_and_Bhram_Chubineh.jpg/330px-The_battle_between_kusrau_parvis_and_Bhram_Chubineh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/The_battle_between_kusrau_parvis_and_Bhram_Chubineh.jpg/440px-The_battle_between_kusrau_parvis_and_Bhram_Chubineh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="738" data-file-height="838" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of the forces of Bahram Chobin and <a href="/wiki/Khosrow_II" title="Khosrow II">Khosrow II</a> fighting.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 591, Khosrow moved to <a href="/wiki/Viran%C5%9Fehir" title="Viranşehir">Constantia</a> and prepared to invade Bahram's territories in Mesopotamia, while Vistahm and Vinduyih were raising an army in <a href="/wiki/Adurbadagan" title="Adurbadagan">Adurbadagan</a> under the observation of the Byzantine commander <a href="/wiki/John_Mystacon" title="John Mystacon">John Mystacon</a>, who was also raising an army in Armenia. After some time, Khosrow, along with the Byzantine commander of the south, <a href="/wiki/Comentiolus" title="Comentiolus">Comentiolus</a>, invaded Mesopotamia. During this invasion, <a href="/wiki/Nisibis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nisibis">Nisibis</a> and Martyropolis quickly defected to them,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward-Johnston2010_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoward-Johnston2010-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Bahram's commander Zatsparham was defeated and killed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreatrexLieu2002173_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreatrexLieu2002173-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of Bahram's other commanders, Bryzacius, was captured in <a href="/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul">Mosil</a> and had his nose and ears cut off, and was thereafter sent to Khosrow, where he was killed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartindaleJonesMorris1992251_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartindaleJonesMorris1992251-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERawlinson2004509_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERawlinson2004509-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khosrow II and the Byzantine general Narses then penetrated deeper into Bahram's territory, seizing Dara and then <a href="/wiki/Mardin" title="Mardin">Mardin</a> in February, where Khosrow was re-proclaimed king.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreatrexLieu2002173_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreatrexLieu2002173-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after this, Khosrow sent one of his Iranian supporters, Mahbodh, to capture Ctesiphon, which he managed to accomplish.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreatrexLieu2002174_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreatrexLieu2002174-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman-Persian_Frontier_in_Late_Antiquity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Roman-Persian_Frontier_in_Late_Antiquity.svg/280px-Roman-Persian_Frontier_in_Late_Antiquity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Roman-Persian_Frontier_in_Late_Antiquity.svg/420px-Roman-Persian_Frontier_in_Late_Antiquity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Roman-Persian_Frontier_in_Late_Antiquity.svg/560px-Roman-Persian_Frontier_in_Late_Antiquity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2710" data-file-height="1740" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Roman-Sasanian frontier during Late Antiquity, including the 591 border that was established between the two empires after Khosrow II's victory over Bahram.</figcaption></figure> <p>At the same time a force of 8,000 Iranians under Vistahm and Vinduyih and 12,000 Armenians under <a href="/wiki/Mushegh_II_Mamikonian" title="Mushegh II Mamikonian">Mushegh II Mamikonian</a> invaded Adurbadagan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bahram tried to disrupt the force by writing a letter to Mushegh II, the letter said: "As for you Armenians who demonstrate an unseasonable loyalty, did not the house of Sasan destroy your land and sovereignty? Why otherwise did your fathers rebel and extricate themselves from their service, fighting up until today for your country?"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008128–129_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008128–129-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bahram in his letter promised that the Armenians would become partners of the new Iranian empire ruled by a Parthian dynastic family if he accepted his proposal to betray Khosrow II.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008129_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008129-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mushegh, however, rejected the offer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008129_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008129-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flight_and_death">Flight and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_Chobin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Flight and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bahram was then defeated at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blarathon" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Blarathon">Battle of Blarathon</a>, forcing him to flee with 4,000 men eastwards. He marched towards <a href="/wiki/Nishapur" title="Nishapur">Nishapur</a>, where he defeated a pursuing army as well as an army led by a <a href="/wiki/House_of_Karen" title="House of Karen">Karenid</a> nobleman at <a href="/wiki/Qumis_(region)" title="Qumis (region)">Qumis</a>. Constantly troubled, he finally arrived in <a href="/wiki/Fergana" title="Fergana">Fergana</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he was received honorably by the Khagan of the Turks, who was most likely Birmudha–the same Turkic prince that Bahram had defeated and captured a few years earlier during his wars against the Turks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017178_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017178-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bahram entered his service, and was appointed as a commander in the army, achieving further military accomplishments there.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016242_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKia2016242-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bahram became a highly popular figure after saving the Khagan from a conspiracy instigated by the latter's brother Byghu (conceivably an incorrect translation of <i><a href="/wiki/Yabghu" title="Yabghu">yabghu</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017178_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017178-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khosrow II, however, could not feel safe as long as Bahram lived, and succeeded in having him assassinated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The assassination was reportedly achieved through distribution of presents and bribes between the members of the Turkic royal family, notably the queen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016242_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKia2016242-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> What remained of Bahram's supporters went back to northern Iran and joined the <a href="/wiki/Rebellion_of_Vistahm" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebellion of Vistahm">rebellion of Vistahm</a> (590/1–596 or 594/5–600).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008133-134_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008133-134-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fate_of_family">Fate of family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_Chobin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Fate of family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After Bahram's death, his sister Gordiya travelled to Khorasan, where she married <a href="/wiki/Vistahm" title="Vistahm">Vistahm</a>, who during that time was also rebelling against Khosrow II. Bahram had three sons: Shapur, <a href="/wiki/Mihran_Bahram-i_Chobin" title="Mihran Bahram-i Chobin">Mihran Bahram-i Chobin</a> and Noshrad. Shapur continued to oppose the Sasanians and later joined the <a href="/wiki/Rebellion_of_Vistahm" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebellion of Vistahm">Rebellion of Vistahm</a>. After the end of the rebellion, Shapur was executed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mihran is mentioned in 633 as a general in the Sasanian forces that fought against the Arabs at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ayn_al-Tamr" title="Battle of Ayn al-Tamr">Battle of Ayn al-Tamr</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia" title="Muslim conquest of Persia">Arab invasion of Iran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008201_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008201-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His son <a href="/wiki/Siyavakhsh" title="Siyavakhsh">Siyavakhsh</a> ruled Ray, and killed Vinduyih's son <a href="/wiki/Farrukh_Hormizd" title="Farrukh Hormizd">Farrukh Hormizd</a> in retribution for the family's role in Bahram's downfall and death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008206_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008206-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bahram's last son, Noshrad, was the ancestor of the <a href="/wiki/Samanids" class="mw-redirect" title="Samanids">Samanids</a>, who ruled the eastern Iranian lands of <a href="/wiki/Transoxiana" title="Transoxiana">Transoxiana</a> and Khorasan during most of their existence, stressing their ancestry from Bahram.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_Chobin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bahram's life is composed in the <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahlavi literature">Pahlavi romance</a> <i>Bahrām Chōbīn Nāma</i> ("Book of Bahram Chobin"), which was later translated by Jabalah bin Sālim, and found its way—mixed with a pro-Khosrow II account—into the works of <a href="/wiki/Dinawari" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinawari">Dinawari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferdowsi" title="Ferdowsi">Ferdowsi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bal%27ami" class="mw-redirect" title="Bal'ami">Bal'ami</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are many fables attributed to Bahram VI, as is the norm for many heroes in <a href="/wiki/Persian_literature" title="Persian literature">Persian literature</a>. The chapters in Volume VIII of <a href="/wiki/Ferdowsi" title="Ferdowsi">Ferdowsi</a>'s 11th-century <i><a href="/wiki/Shahnameh" title="Shahnameh">Shahnameh</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the reigns of "Hormizd, Son of Khosrow I", and "Khosrow Parviz", both of which are almost as much about Bahram Chobin as about Hormizd or his son. In his catalogue <i><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Fihrist" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitab al-Fihrist">Kitab al-Fihrist</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Nadim" title="Ibn al-Nadim">Ibn al-Nadim</a> has credited Bahram Chobin with a manual of archery.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Long after his death in the 8th century, <a href="/wiki/Sunpadh" title="Sunpadh">Sunpadh</a> claimed that <a href="/wiki/Abu_Muslim" title="Abu Muslim">Abu Muslim</a> had not died but he is with "<a href="/wiki/Al-Mahdi" title="Al-Mahdi">al-Mahdi</a>" (the Savior) in a "Brazen Hold" (that is, the residence of Bahram in Turkistan), and will return. This shows the persisting popularity of Bahram Chobin among Iranian nationalists.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the collapse of the Sasanian Empire, the Samanid dynasty formed of descendants of Bahram Chobin, became one of the first independent Iranian dynasties.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_tree">Family tree</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_Chobin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Family tree"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_Gushnasp" title="Bahram Gushnasp">Bahram Gushnasp</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Mardansina" title="Mardansina">Mardansina</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">Unknown</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><b>Bahram Chobin</b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">Gorduya</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">Gordiya</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">Noshrad</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Mihran_Bahram-i_Chobin" title="Mihran Bahram-i Chobin">Mihran Bahram-i Chobin</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">Shapur</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Siyavakhsh" title="Siyavakhsh">Siyavakhsh</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">Toghmath</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em">Jotman</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Saman_Khuda" title="Saman Khuda">Saman Khuda</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_Chobin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Sasanians only managed to retain Chach and Samarkand for a few years, until it was re-captured by the Turks, who seemingly also conquered the eastern Sasanian province of <a href="/wiki/Kadagistan" title="Kadagistan">Kadagistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017178_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017178-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_Chobin&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShahbazi1988514–522_1-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShahbazi1988">Shahbazi 1988</a>, pp. 514–522.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKia2016240-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016240_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016240_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKia2016">Kia 2016</a>, p. 240.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERapp2014195,_343-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERapp2014195,_343_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRapp2014">Rapp 2014</a>, pp. 195, 343.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESebeos1999168-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESebeos1999168_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSebeos1999">Sebeos 1999</a>, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones1971945-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones1971945_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones1971">Jones 1971</a>, p. 945.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartindaleJonesMorris1992166-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartindaleJonesMorris1992166_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartindaleJonesMorris1992">Martindale, Jones & Morris 1992</a>, p. 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008103-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008103_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPourshariati2008">Pourshariati 2008</a>, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017177-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017177_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRezakhani2017">Rezakhani 2017</a>, p. 177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaques2007463-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaques2007463_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJaques2007">Jaques 2007</a>, p. 463.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017178-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017178_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017178_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017178_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017178_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017178_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017178_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017178_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017178_10-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRezakhani2017">Rezakhani 2017</a>, p. 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELitvinskyDani1996368–369-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELitvinskyDani1996368–369_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLitvinskyDani1996">Litvinsky & Dani 1996</a>, pp. 368–369.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartindaleJonesMorris1992167-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartindaleJonesMorris1992167_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartindaleJonesMorris1992">Martindale, Jones & Morris 1992</a>, p. 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETafazzoli1988260-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETafazzoli1988260_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETafazzoli1988260_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTafazzoli1988">Tafazzoli 1988</a>, p. 260.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati200896-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati200896_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPourshariati2008">Pourshariati 2008</a>, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarren26-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarren26_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWarren">Warren</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKia2016241-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016241_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKia2016">Kia 2016</a>, p. 241.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoward-Johnston2010-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward-Johnston2010_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward-Johnston2010_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoward-Johnston2010_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoward-Johnston2010">Howard-Johnston 2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreatrexLieu2002172-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreatrexLieu2002172_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreatrexLieu2002">Greatrex & Lieu 2002</a>, p. 172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreatrexLieu2002173-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreatrexLieu2002173_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreatrexLieu2002173_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreatrexLieu2002">Greatrex & Lieu 2002</a>, p. 173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartindaleJonesMorris1992251-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartindaleJonesMorris1992251_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMartindaleJonesMorris1992">Martindale, Jones & Morris 1992</a>, p. 251.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERawlinson2004509-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERawlinson2004509_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRawlinson2004">Rawlinson 2004</a>, p. 509.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreatrexLieu2002174-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreatrexLieu2002174_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreatrexLieu2002">Greatrex & Lieu 2002</a>, p. 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008128–129-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008128–129_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPourshariati2008">Pourshariati 2008</a>, pp. 128–129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008129-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008129_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008129_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPourshariati2008">Pourshariati 2008</a>, p. 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gumilev L.N. Bahram Chubin, pp. 229 - 230</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKia2016242-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016242_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKia2016242_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKia2016">Kia 2016</a>, p. 242.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008133-134-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008133-134_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPourshariati2008">Pourshariati 2008</a>, p. 133-134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008201-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008201_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPourshariati2008">Pourshariati 2008</a>, p. 201.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008206-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPourshariati2008206_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPourshariati2008">Pourshariati 2008</a>, p. 206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">online at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://persian.packhum.org/persian/">http://persian.packhum.org/persian/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNarshakhīFrye2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Narshakhi" title="Narshakhi">Narshakhī, Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Jaʻfar</a>; <a href="/wiki/Richard_N._Frye" title="Richard N. Frye">Frye, Richard N.</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nbYp4hQhTB4C"><i>The History of Bukhara</i></a>. Markus Wiener Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55876-419-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55876-419-4"><bdi>978-1-55876-419-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Bukhara&rft.pub=Markus+Wiener+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-55876-419-4&rft.aulast=Narshakh%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=Ab%C5%AB+Bakr+Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+ibn+Ja%CA%BBfar&rft.au=Frye%2C+Richard+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnbYp4hQhTB4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+Chobin" class="Z3988"></span>, pages 77-78.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_Chobin&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrawford2013" class="citation book cs1">Crawford, Peter (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZPAHBAAAQBAJ&q=false"><i>The War of the Three Gods: Romans, Persians and the Rise of Islam</i></a>. Pen and Sword. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781848846128" title="Special:BookSources/9781848846128"><bdi>9781848846128</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+of+the+Three+Gods%3A+Romans%2C+Persians+and+the+Rise+of+Islam&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781848846128&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZPAHBAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+Chobin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoss1975" class="citation book cs1">Foss, Clive (1975). <i>The Persians in Asia Minor and the End of Antiquity</i>. Vol. 90. Oxford University Press. pp. 721–47. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fehr%2FXC.CCCLVII.721">10.1093/ehr/XC.CCCLVII.721</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Persians+in+Asia+Minor+and+the+End+of+Antiquity&rft.pages=721-47&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fehr%2FXC.CCCLVII.721&rft.aulast=Foss&rft.aufirst=Clive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+Chobin" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrye1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nelson_Frye" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Nelson Frye">Frye, Richard Nelson</a> (1984). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofancient0000frye"><i>The History of Ancient Iran</i></a></span>. C.H.Beck. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofancient0000frye/page/n20">1</a>–411. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783406093975" title="Special:BookSources/9783406093975"><bdi>9783406093975</bdi></a>. <q>The history of ancient iran.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Ancient+Iran&rft.pages=1-411&rft.pub=C.H.Beck&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=9783406093975&rft.aulast=Frye&rft.aufirst=Richard+Nelson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofancient0000frye&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+Chobin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreatrexLieu2002" class="citation book cs1">Greatrex, Geoffrey; Lieu, Samuel N. C. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zc8iAQAAIAAJ"><i>The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (Part II, 363–630 AD)</i></a>. New York, New York and London, United Kingdom: Routledge (Taylor & Francis). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-14687-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-14687-9"><bdi>0-415-14687-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Roman+Eastern+Frontier+and+the+Persian+Wars+%28Part+II%2C+363%E2%80%93630+AD%29&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York+and+London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Routledge+%28Taylor+%26+Francis%29&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-415-14687-9&rft.aulast=Greatrex&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft.au=Lieu%2C+Samuel+N.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzc8iAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+Chobin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward-Johnston2010" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Howard-Johnston, James (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/khosrow-ii">"Ḵosrow II"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E1%B8%B4osrow+II&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica%2C+Online+Edition&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Howard-Johnston&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fkhosrow-ii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+Chobin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaques2007" class="citation book cs1">Jaques, Tony (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Dh6jydKXikoC&q=false"><i>Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F-O</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 1–1354. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313335389" title="Special:BookSources/9780313335389"><bdi>9780313335389</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Battles+and+Sieges%3A+F-O&rft.pages=1-1354&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780313335389&rft.aulast=Jaques&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDh6jydKXikoC%26q%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+Chobin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKia2016" class="citation book cs1">Kia, Mehrdad (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B5BHDAAAQBAJ&q=sasanians+rhodes"><i>The Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: A Historical Encyclopedia</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1610693912" title="Special:BookSources/978-1610693912"><bdi>978-1610693912</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Persian+Empire%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia+%5B2+volumes%5D%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1610693912&rft.aulast=Kia&rft.aufirst=Mehrdad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB5BHDAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dsasanians%2Brhodes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+Chobin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLitvinskyDani1996" class="citation book cs1">Litvinsky, B. A.; Dani, Ahmad Hasan (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=883OZBe2sMYC&q=Divashtich"><i>History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750</i></a>. UNESCO. pp. 1–569. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789231032110" title="Special:BookSources/9789231032110"><bdi>9789231032110</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Civilizations+of+Central+Asia%3A+The+crossroads+of+civilizations%2C+A.D.+250+to+750&rft.pages=1-569&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9789231032110&rft.aulast=Litvinsky&rft.aufirst=B.+A.&rft.au=Dani%2C+Ahmad+Hasan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D883OZBe2sMYC%26q%3DDivashtich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+Chobin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1971" class="citation book cs1">Martindale, J. R.; Jones, A. H. M.; Morris, J. (1971). <i>The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire: Volume 1, AD 260-395</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521072335" title="Special:BookSources/9780521072335"><bdi>9780521072335</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Prosopography+of+the+Later+Roman+Empire%3A+Volume+1%2C+AD+260-395&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=9780521072335&rft.aulast=Martindale&rft.aufirst=J.+R.&rft.au=Jones%2C+A.+H.+M.&rft.au=Morris%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+Chobin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartindaleJonesMorris1992" class="citation book cs1">Martindale, John Robert; Jones, Arnold Hugh Martin; Morris, J., eds. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ElkwedRWCXkC"><i>The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Volume III: A.D. 527–641</i></a>. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-20160-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-20160-5"><bdi>978-0-521-20160-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Prosopography+of+the+Later+Roman+Empire%2C+Volume+III%3A+A.D.+527%E2%80%93641&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-521-20160-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DElkwedRWCXkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+Chobin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOman1893" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_William_Chadwick_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Charles William Chadwick Oman">Oman, Charles</a> (1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_N6A-AAAAYAAJ"><i>Europe, 476-918, Volume 1</i></a>. Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europe%2C+476-918%2C+Volume+1&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1893&rft.aulast=Oman&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_N6A-AAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+Chobin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotts2014" class="citation book cs1">Potts, Daniel T. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8c3QAgAAQBAJ"><i>Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era</i></a>. London and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–558. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199330799" title="Special:BookSources/9780199330799"><bdi>9780199330799</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nomadism+in+Iran%3A+From+Antiquity+to+the+Modern+Era&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=1-558&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780199330799&rft.aulast=Potts&rft.aufirst=Daniel+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8c3QAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+Chobin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPourshariati2008" class="citation book cs1">Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I-xtAAAAMAAJ"><i>Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran</i></a>. London and New York: I.B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-645-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-645-3"><bdi>978-1-84511-645-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Decline+and+Fall+of+the+Sasanian+Empire%3A+The+Sasanian-Parthian+Confederacy+and+the+Arab+Conquest+of+Iran&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84511-645-3&rft.aulast=Pourshariati&rft.aufirst=Parvaneh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI-xtAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+Chobin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRapp2014" class="citation book cs1">Rapp, Stephen H. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T8VIBQAAQBAJ&q=rapp+inscription+kartir"><i>The Sasanian World through Georgian Eyes: Caucasia and the Iranian Commonwealth in Late Antique Georgian Literature</i></a>. Ashgate Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1472425522" title="Special:BookSources/978-1472425522"><bdi>978-1472425522</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sasanian+World+through+Georgian+Eyes%3A+Caucasia+and+the+Iranian+Commonwealth+in+Late+Antique+Georgian+Literature&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1472425522&rft.aulast=Rapp&rft.aufirst=Stephen+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT8VIBQAAQBAJ%26q%3Drapp%2Binscription%2Bkartir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+Chobin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRawlinson2004" class="citation book cs1">Rawlinson, George (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jGDzDnwLfnAC&q=false"><i>The Seven Great Monarchies of the Ancient Eastern World</i></a>. Gorgias Press LLC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781593331719" title="Special:BookSources/9781593331719"><bdi>9781593331719</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Seven+Great+Monarchies+of+the+Ancient+Eastern+World&rft.pub=Gorgias+Press+LLC&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781593331719&rft.aulast=Rawlinson&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjGDzDnwLfnAC%26q%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+Chobin" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRezakhani2017" class="citation book cs1">Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bjRWDwAAQBAJ&q=false"><i>ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity</i></a>. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 1–256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781474400305" title="Special:BookSources/9781474400305"><bdi>9781474400305</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ReOrienting+the+Sasanians%3A+East+Iran+in+Late+Antiquity&rft.pages=1-256&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781474400305&rft.aulast=Rezakhani&rft.aufirst=Khodadad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbjRWDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+Chobin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSebeos1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sebeos" title="Sebeos">Sebeos</a> (1999). <i>The Armenian History Attributed to Sebeos, Part I: Translation and Notes</i>. Translated, with notes, by <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Thomson" title="Robert W. Thomson">R.W. Thomson</a>. Historical commentary by James Howard-Johnston. Assistance from Tim Greenwood. Liverpool University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85323-564-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-85323-564-3"><bdi>0-85323-564-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Armenian+History+Attributed+to+Sebeos%2C+Part+I%3A+Translation+and+Notes&rft.pub=Liverpool+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-85323-564-3&rft.au=Sebeos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+Chobin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShahbazi1988" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Shahbazi, A. Sh. (1988). "Bahrām VI Čōbīn". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahram-06"><i>Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 5</i></a>. London et al. pp. 514–522.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bahr%C4%81m+VI+%C4%8C%C5%8Db%C4%ABn&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica%2C+Vol.+III%2C+Fasc.+5&rft.place=London+et+al.&rft.pages=514-522&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Shahbazi&rft.aufirst=A.+Sh.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fbahram-06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+Chobin" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShahbazi1989" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Shahbazi, A. Shapur (1989). "Besṭām o Bendōy". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130922083050/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bestam-o-bendoy-maternal-uncles-of-kosrow-ii-parvez-and-leading-statesmen-and-soldiers-under-hormozd-iv-and-kosrow-p"><i>Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 2</i></a>. pp. 180–182. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bestam-o-bendoy-maternal-uncles-of-kosrow-ii-parvez-and-leading-statesmen-and-soldiers-under-hormozd-iv-and-kosrow-p">the original</a> on 22 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bes%E1%B9%AD%C4%81m+o+Bend%C5%8Dy&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica%2C+Vol.+IV%2C+Fasc.+2&rft.pages=180-182&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Shahbazi&rft.aufirst=A.+Shapur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fbestam-o-bendoy-maternal-uncles-of-kosrow-ii-parvez-and-leading-statesmen-and-soldiers-under-hormozd-iv-and-kosrow-p&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+Chobin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShahbazi2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Shahbazi, A. Shapur (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hormozd-iv">"Hormozd IV"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XII, Fasc. 5</i>. pp. 466–467.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hormozd+IV&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica%2C+Vol.+XII%2C+Fasc.+5&rft.pages=466-467&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Shahbazi&rft.aufirst=A.+Shapur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fhormozd-iv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+Chobin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShahbazi2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Shahbazi, A. Shapur (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sasanian-dynasty">"Sasanian dynasty"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sasanian+dynasty&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica%2C+Online+Edition&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Shahbazi&rft.aufirst=A.+Shapur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fsasanian-dynasty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+Chobin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTafazzoli1988" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Tafazzoli, A. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/azin-josnas-commander-of-the-sasanian-hormazd-iv">"Āzīn Jošnas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Iranica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia Iranica">Encyclopaedia Iranica</a>, Vol. III, Fasc. 3</i>. p. 260.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%C4%80z%C4%ABn+Jo%C5%A1nas&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Iranica%2C+Vol.+III%2C+Fasc.+3&rft.pages=260&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Tafazzoli&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fazin-josnas-commander-of-the-sasanian-hormazd-iv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+Chobin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarren" class="citation book cs1">Warren, Soward. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161022012325/http://www.sasanika.org/wp-content/uploads/Theophylact.pdf"><i>Theophylact Simocatta and the Persians</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Sasanika. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sasanika.org/wp-content/uploads/Theophylact.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-10-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theophylact+Simocatta+and+the+Persians&rft.pub=Sasanika&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Soward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sasanika.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FTheophylact.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+Chobin" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_Chobin&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaryaee2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Touraj_Daryaee" title="Touraj Daryaee">Daryaee, T.</a> (2015). "Wahrām Čōbīn the Rebel General and the Militarization of the Sasanian Empire". In Krasnowolska, A. (ed.). <i>Studies on the Iranian World: Before Islam: Medieval and Modern, Vol. 1</i>. Kraków: Jagiellonian University Press. pp. 193–202.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wahr%C4%81m+%C4%8C%C5%8Db%C4%ABn+the+Rebel+General+and+the+Militarization+of+the+Sasanian+Empire&rft.btitle=Studies+on+the+Iranian+World%3A+Before+Islam%3A+Medieval+and+Modern%2C+Vol.+1&rft.place=Krak%C3%B3w&rft.pages=193-202&rft.pub=Jagiellonian+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Daryaee&rft.aufirst=T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABahram+Chobin" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahram_Chobin&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bahram_VI" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bahram VI">Bahram VI</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bahram-the-name-of-six-sasanian-kings">Encyclopedia Iranica, "vii. Bahrām VI Čōbīn", Shahbazi, A.Sh</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/fryehst.html">Cited by Richard Frye</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Bahram Chobin </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Mihran" title="House of Mihran">House of Mihran</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 591</span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_II" title="Khosrow II">Khosrow II</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Kings_of_Iran_and_non-Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Kings of Iran and non-Iran">King of Kings of Iran and non-Iran</a> </b><br />590–591 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_II" title="Khosrow II">Khosrow II</a> (restored)</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rulers_of_the_Sasanian_Empire_(224–651)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sasanian_Rulers" title="Template:Sasanian Rulers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sasanian_Rulers" title="Template talk:Sasanian Rulers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sasanian_Rulers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sasanian Rulers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rulers_of_the_Sasanian_Empire_(224–651)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_the_Sasanian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kings of the Sasanian Empire">Rulers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a> <small>(224–651)</small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ardashir_I" title="Ardashir I">Ardashir I</a> <small>(224–242)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shapur_I" title="Shapur I">Shapur I</a> <small>(240–270)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_I" title="Hormizd I">Hormizd I</a> <small>(270–271)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_I" title="Bahram I">Bahram I</a> <small>(271–274)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_II" title="Bahram II">Bahram II</a> <small>(274–293)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_III" title="Bahram III">Bahram III</a> <small>(293)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Narseh" title="Narseh">Narseh</a> <small>(293–303)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_II" title="Hormizd II">Hormizd II</a> <small>(303–309)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adur_Narseh" title="Adur Narseh">Adur Narseh</a> <small>(309)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shapur_II" title="Shapur II">Shapur II</a> <small>(309–379)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ardashir_II" title="Ardashir II">Ardashir II</a> <small>(379–383)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shapur_III" title="Shapur III">Shapur III</a> <small>(383–388)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_IV" title="Bahram IV">Bahram IV</a> <small>(388–399)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yazdegerd_I" title="Yazdegerd I">Yazdegerd I</a> <small>(399–420)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shapur_IV" title="Shapur IV">Shapur IV</a> <small>(420)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_(son_of_Bahram_IV)" title="Khosrow (son of Bahram IV)">Khosrow</a> <small>(420)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_V" title="Bahram V">Bahram V</a> <small>(420–438)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yazdegerd_II" title="Yazdegerd II">Yazdegerd II</a> <small>(438–457)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_III" title="Hormizd III">Hormizd III</a> <small>(457–459)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peroz_I" title="Peroz I">Peroz I</a> <small>(459–484)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Balash" title="Balash">Balash</a> <small>(484–488)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kavad_I" title="Kavad I">Kavad I</a> <small>(488–496)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jamasp" title="Jamasp">Jamasp</a> <small>(496–498/9)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kavad_I" title="Kavad I">Kavad I</a> <small>(498/9–531)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_I" title="Khosrow I">Khosrow I</a> <small>(531–579)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_IV" title="Hormizd IV">Hormizd IV</a> <small>(579–590)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_II" title="Khosrow II">Khosrow II</a> <small>(590)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bahram VI Chobin</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(590–591)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_II" title="Khosrow II">Khosrow II</a> <small>(591–628)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vistahm" title="Vistahm">Vistahm</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(591–596)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kavad_II" title="Kavad II">Kavad II</a> <small>(628)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ardashir_III" title="Ardashir III">Ardashir III</a> <small>(628–630)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shahrbaraz" title="Shahrbaraz">Shahrbaraz</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(630)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_III" title="Khosrow III">Khosrow III</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(630)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Boran" title="Boran">Boran</a> <small>(630)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shapur-i_Shahrvaraz" title="Shapur-i Shahrvaraz">Shapur-i Shahrvaraz</a> <small>(630)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azarmidokht" title="Azarmidokht">Azarmidokht</a> <small>(630–631)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Farrukh_Hormizd" title="Farrukh Hormizd">Farrukh Hormizd</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(630–631)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hormizd_VI" title="Hormizd VI">Hormizd VI</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(630–632)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_IV" title="Khosrow IV">Khosrow IV</a><sup>§</sup> <small>(630–636)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Boran" title="Boran">Boran</a> <small>(631–632)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yazdegerd_III" title="Yazdegerd III">Yazdegerd III</a> <small>(632–651)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peroz_III" title="Peroz III">Peroz III</a> <small>(pretender)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bahram_VII" title="Bahram VII">Bahram VII</a> <small>(pretender)</small></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Narsieh" title="Narsieh">Narsieh</a> <small>(pretender)</small></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>§</sup> usurpers or rival claimants</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shahnameh_of_Ferdowsi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shahnameh" title="Template:Shahnameh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shahnameh" title="Template talk:Shahnameh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shahnameh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shahnameh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shahnameh_of_Ferdowsi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/Shahnameh" title="Shahnameh">Shahnameh</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Ferdowsi" title="Ferdowsi">Ferdowsi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pishdadian_dynasty" title="Pishdadian dynasty">Pishdadian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keyumars" title="Keyumars">Keyumars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hushang" title="Hushang">Hushang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahmuras" title="Tahmuras">Tahmuras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamshid" title="Jamshid">Jamshid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fereydun" title="Fereydun">Fereydun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraj" title="Iraj">Iraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuchehr" title="Manuchehr">Manuchehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowzar" title="Nowzar">Nowzar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaav" title="Zaav">Zaav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gershasp_(Shahnameh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gershasp (Shahnameh)">Garshasp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kayanian_dynasty" title="Kayanian dynasty">Kayanian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Kaw%C4%81d" class="mw-redirect" title="Kay Kawād">Kay Kawād</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_K%C4%81vus" title="Kay Kāvus">Kay Kāvus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Khosrow" title="Kay Khosrow">Kay Khosrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Lohrasp" title="Kay Lohrasp">Kay Lohrasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goshtasp_(Shahnameh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Goshtasp (Shahnameh)">Goshtasb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Bahman" title="Kay Bahman">Kay Bahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humay_Chehrzad" title="Humay Chehrzad">Humay Chehrzad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Darab" class="mw-redirect" title="Kay Darab">Kay Darab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dara_II" title="Dara II">Dara II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shahnameh_characters" title="List of Shahnameh characters">Male characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamasp_(sage)" title="Jamasp (sage)">Jamasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamak" title="Siamak">Siamak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrasb_(Shahnameh)" title="Shahrasb (Shahnameh)">Shahrasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abtin" title="Abtin">Abtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayanoush" class="mw-redirect" title="Kayanoush">Kayanoush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%81ve" class="mw-redirect" title="Kāve">Kāve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arash" title="Arash">Arash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salm_(Shahnameh)" title="Salm (Shahnameh)">Salm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tur_(Shahnameh)" title="Tur (Shahnameh)">Tur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qob%C3%A1d_(Shahnameh)" title="Qobád (Shahnameh)">Qobád</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaren" title="Qaren">Qaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tous_son_of_Nowzar" title="Tous son of Nowzar">Tous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gostaham" title="Gostaham">Gostaham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gershasp_(gladiator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gershasp (gladiator)">Gershasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nariman_(Shahnameh)" title="Nariman (Shahnameh)">Nariman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81m" title="Sām">Sām</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C4%81l" title="Zāl">Zāl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostam" title="Rostam">Rostam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohrab" title="Sohrab">Sohrab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esfandiy%C4%81r" title="Esfandiyār">Esfandiyār</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshotanu" title="Peshotanu">Pashotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faramarz" title="Faramarz">Faramarz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fariburz_(Shahnameh)" title="Fariburz (Shahnameh)">Fariborz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siy%C3%A2vash" title="Siyâvash">Siyâvash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farud" title="Farud">Farud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zangay-i_Shavaran" title="Zangay-i Shavaran">Zangay-i Shavaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashvad" title="Kashvad">Kashvad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goudarz" title="Goudarz">Goudarz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giv_(Shahnameh)" title="Giv (Shahnameh)">Giv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bizhan_(Shahnameh)" title="Bizhan (Shahnameh)">Bizhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohham" title="Rohham">Rohham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahram_(Shahnameh)" title="Bahram (Shahnameh)">Bahram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hojir" title="Hojir">Hojir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgin_(Shahnameh)" title="Gorgin (Shahnameh)">Gorgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zavara" title="Zavara">Zavara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaghad" title="Shaghad">Shaghad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostam_Farrokhz%C4%81d" class="mw-redirect" title="Rostam Farrokhzād">Rostam Farrokhzād</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbad" title="Barbad">Barbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Eskandar (Alexander)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_women_in_Shahnameh" title="List of women in Shahnameh">Female characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faranak" title="Faranak">Faranak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnav%C4%81z" title="Arnavāz">Arnavāz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrn%C4%81z" title="Shahrnāz">Shahrnāz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindukht" title="Sindukht">Sindukht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudaba" title="Rudaba">Rudaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudabeh" title="Sudabeh">Sudabeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahmina" title="Tahmina">Tahmina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Goshasp" title="Banu Goshasp">Banu Goshasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordafarid" title="Gordafarid">Gordafarid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farangis" title="Farangis">Farangis</a></li> <li>Manizheh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kat%C4%81youn" title="Katāyoun">Katāyoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azadeh_(Shahnameh)" title="Azadeh (Shahnameh)">Azadeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tayy" title="Tayy">Tazian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Mardas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahhak" title="Zahhak">Zahhak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehrab_Kaboli" title="Mehrab Kaboli">Mehrab Kaboli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turan" title="Turan">Turanian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zadashm" title="Zadashm">Zadashm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashang" title="Pashang">Pashang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aghrirat" title="Aghrirat">Aghrirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garsivaz" title="Garsivaz">Garsivaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrasiab" title="Afrasiab">Afrasiab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tageuo_(Shahnameh)" title="Tageuo (Shahnameh)">Tageuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shideh_(Shahnameh)" title="Shideh (Shahnameh)">Shideh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjasp" title="Arjasp">Arjasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viseh" title="Viseh">Viseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piran_Viseh" title="Piran Viseh">Piran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houman" title="Houman">Houman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barman_(Shahnameh)" title="Barman (Shahnameh)">Barman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nastihan" title="Nastihan">Nastihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biderafsh" title="Biderafsh">Biderafsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clans and<br />families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashvad" title="Kashvad">Kashvadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Goudarz" title="House of Goudarz">House of Goudarz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Viseh" title="House of Viseh">House of Viseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Nowzar" title="House of Nowzar">House of Nowzar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Sasan" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Sasan">House of Sasan</a></li> <li>House of Sām</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bahram_Gur_Fights_the_Horned_Wolf,_folio_from_the_Great_Ilkhanid_Shahnama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bahram_Gur_Fights_the_Horned_Wolf%2C_folio_from_the_Great_Ilkhanid_Shahnama.jpg/80px-Bahram_Gur_Fights_the_Horned_Wolf%2C_folio_from_the_Great_Ilkhanid_Shahnama.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bahram_Gur_Fights_the_Horned_Wolf%2C_folio_from_the_Great_Ilkhanid_Shahnama.jpg/120px-Bahram_Gur_Fights_the_Horned_Wolf%2C_folio_from_the_Great_Ilkhanid_Shahnama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bahram_Gur_Fights_the_Horned_Wolf%2C_folio_from_the_Great_Ilkhanid_Shahnama.jpg/160px-Bahram_Gur_Fights_the_Horned_Wolf%2C_folio_from_the_Great_Ilkhanid_Shahnama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4303" data-file-height="5929" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IRAN_Miniatur_by_UNESCO_1957_(8).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/IRAN_Miniatur_by_UNESCO_1957_%288%29.jpg/80px-IRAN_Miniatur_by_UNESCO_1957_%288%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/IRAN_Miniatur_by_UNESCO_1957_%288%29.jpg/120px-IRAN_Miniatur_by_UNESCO_1957_%288%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/IRAN_Miniatur_by_UNESCO_1957_%288%29.jpg/160px-IRAN_Miniatur_by_UNESCO_1957_%288%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3096" data-file-height="4128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Court_of_Gayumars_(Cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/The_Court_of_Gayumars_%28Cropped%29.jpg/80px-The_Court_of_Gayumars_%28Cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/The_Court_of_Gayumars_%28Cropped%29.jpg/120px-The_Court_of_Gayumars_%28Cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/The_Court_of_Gayumars_%28Cropped%29.jpg/160px-The_Court_of_Gayumars_%28Cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1816" data-file-height="2632" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Creatures <br />and animals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akvan_Div" title="Akvan Div">Akvan Div</a></li> <li>Kharvazan Div</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arzhang_Div" title="Arzhang Div">Arzhang Div</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Div-e_Sepid" title="Div-e Sepid">Div-e Sepid</a></li> <li>Koulad-Ghandi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huma_bird" title="Huma bird">Huma bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simurgh" title="Simurgh">Simurgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakhsh" title="Rakhsh">Rakhsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabdiz" title="Shabdiz">Shabdiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabrang" title="Shabrang">Shabrang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Elephant_(Shahnameh)" title="White Elephant (Shahnameh)">White Elephant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran_(Shahnameh)" title="Iran (Shahnameh)">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turan" title="Turan">Turan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabulistan" title="Zabulistan">Zabulistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan" title="Sistan">Sistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ctesiphon" title="Ctesiphon">Ctesiphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istakhr" title="Istakhr">Estakhr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazandaran_(Shahnameh)" title="Mazandaran (Shahnameh)">Mazandaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hara_Berezaiti" title="Hara Berezaiti">Alborzkouh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Damavand" title="Mount Damavand">Mount Damavand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammisha" title="Tammisha">Tammisha</a></li> <li>Kasa-Roud</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Shahnameh" title="List of places in Shahnameh">Other locations...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gonbadan Castle (Dez-i Gonbadan)</li> <li>Roein Castle (Dez-i Roein)</li> <li>Sepid Castle (Dezh-i Sepid</li> <li>Bahman Castle (Dezh-i Bahman)</li> <li>Alanan Castle (Dezh-i Alanan</li> <li>Gang Castle (Gang-Dez)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Shahnameh" title="Florence Shahnameh">Florence <i>Shahnameh</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Mongol_Shahnameh" title="Great Mongol Shahnameh">Great Mongol <i>Shahnameh</i></a> (or Demotte)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baysonghor_Shahnameh" class="mw-redirect" title="Baysonghor Shahnameh">Baysonghor <i>Shahnameh</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahnameh_of_Shah_Tahmasp" title="Shahnameh of Shah Tahmasp"><i>Shahnameh</i> of Shah Tahmasp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahnameh_of_Rashida" title="Shahnameh of Rashida"><i>Shahnameh</i> of Rashida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Shahnameh" title="Windsor Shahnameh">Windsor <i>Shahnameh</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davari_Shahnameh" title="Davari Shahnameh">Davari <i>Shahnameh</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daqiqi" title="Daqiqi">Daqiqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu-Mansuri_Shahnameh" title="Abu-Mansuri Shahnameh">Abu-Mansuri <i>Shahnameh</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derafsh_Kaviani" title="Derafsh Kaviani">Derafsh Kaviani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babr-e_Bayan" title="Babr-e Bayan">Babr-e Bayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zal_and_Rudabeh" title="Zal and Rudabeh">Zal and Rudabeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostam_and_Sohrab" title="Rostam and Sohrab">Rostam and Sohrab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rostam_and_Esfandiy%C4%81r" title="Battle of Rostam and Esfandiyār">Rostam and Esfandiyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostam%27s_Seven_Labours" title="Rostam's Seven Labours">Rostam's Seven Labours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davazdah_Rokh" title="Davazdah Rokh">Davazdah Rokh</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khosrow_and_Shirin" title="Khosrow and Shirin">Khosrow and Shirin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijan_and_Manijeh" title="Bijan and Manijeh">Bijan and Manijeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_mythology" title="Persian mythology">Persian mythology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Shahnameh" title="Category:Shahnameh">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311283#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311283#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311283#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/1893318">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1806224/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcwDPVrB4yfvh4mPgHKVC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/12117364X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2006020907">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987010188556805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahram_Chobin&oldid=1252410410">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahram_Chobin&oldid=1252410410</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Shahnameh_characters" title="Category:Shahnameh characters">Shahnameh characters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:House_of_Mihran" title="Category:House of Mihran">House of Mihran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spahbeds" title="Category:Spahbeds">Spahbeds</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:591_deaths" title="Category:591 deaths">591 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Governors_of_Ray" title="Category:Governors of Ray">Governors of Ray</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Governors_of_the_Sasanian_Empire" title="Category:Governors of the Sasanian Empire">Governors of the Sasanian Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_of_the_Roman%E2%80%93Sasanian_Wars" title="Category:People of the Roman–Sasanian Wars">People of the Roman–Sasanian Wars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rebellions_against_the_Sasanian_Empire" title="Category:Rebellions against the Sasanian Empire">Rebellions against the Sasanian Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:6th-century_Sasanian_monarchs" title="Category:6th-century Sasanian monarchs">6th-century Sasanian monarchs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:6th-century_births" title="Category:6th-century births">6th-century births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Ray,_Iran" title="Category:People from Ray, Iran">People from Ray, Iran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Generals_of_Khosrow_I" title="Category:Generals of Khosrow I">Generals of Khosrow I</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Messianism" title="Category:Messianism">Messianism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Western_Turkic_Khaganate" title="Category:Western Turkic Khaganate">Western Turkic Khaganate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Zoroastrian_eschatology" title="Category:Zoroastrian eschatology">Zoroastrian eschatology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arsacid_dynasty" title="Category:Arsacid dynasty">Arsacid dynasty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Usurpers" title="Category:Usurpers">Usurpers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Generals_of_Hormizd_IV" title="Category:Generals of Hormizd IV">Generals of Hormizd IV</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Middle_Persian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Middle Persian-language text">Articles containing Middle Persian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Persian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Persian-language text">Articles containing Persian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">Lang and lang-xx template errors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Old_Georgian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Old Georgian-language text">Articles containing Old Georgian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Old_Armenian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Old Armenian-language text">Articles containing Old Armenian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Koin%C4%93_Greek-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Koinē Greek-language text">Articles containing Koinē Greek-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_periodical_ignored" title="Category:CS1 errors: periodical ignored">CS1 errors: periodical ignored</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_September_2023" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2023">Articles with dead external links from September 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 October 2024, at 06:38<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahram_Chobin&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-74cc59cb9d-9pnr8","wgBackendResponseTime":164,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.057","walltime":"1.259","ppvisitednodes":{"value":9478,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":190854,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8847,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":110355,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1058.695 1 -total"," 19.31% 204.444 19 Template:Cite_book"," 18.33% 194.016 2 Template:Infobox"," 17.83% 188.751 1 Template:Infobox_royalty"," 16.45% 174.176 65 Template:Sfn"," 12.08% 127.915 2 Template:Reflist"," 11.73% 124.177 13 Template:Lang"," 10.17% 107.699 3 Template:Navbox"," 9.08% 96.112 1 Template:Sasanian_Rulers"," 6.15% 65.059 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.669","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":25972999,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFCrawford2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaryaee2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoss1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrye1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreatrexLieu2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoward-Johnston2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJaques2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKia2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLitvinskyDani1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartindaleJonesMorris1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNarshakhīFrye2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOman1893\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPotts2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPourshariati2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRapp2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRawlinson2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRezakhani2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSebeos1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShahbazi1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShahbazi1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShahbazi2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShahbazi2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTafazzoli1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWarren\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 19,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 6,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Bahram Chobin\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"End\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox royalty\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 13,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Reign\"] = 5,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 1,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 1,\n [\"S-hou\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 1,\n [\"Sasanian Rulers\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 65,\n [\"Sfnref\"] = 1,\n [\"Shahnameh\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree chart\"] = 16,\n [\"Tree chart/end\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree chart/start\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-qj8wl","timestamp":"20241128020333","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Bahram Chobin","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bahram_Chobin","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q311283","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q311283","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-12-31T21:30:52Z","dateModified":"2024-10-21T06:38:29Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/be\/BahramChobinCoinHistoryofIran.jpg","headline":"Sasanian general and political leader (died 591)"}</script> </body> </html>