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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese_cyberpunk_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_cyberpunk_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Japanese cyberpunk films</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Japanese_cyberpunk_films-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Japanese cyberpunk films 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peripheral_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Peripheral films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peripheral_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Western influences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_films_inspired_by_Japanese_cyberpunk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_films_inspired_by_Japanese_cyberpunk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Western films inspired by Japanese cyberpunk</span> </div> </a> <ul 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<span>List of cyberpunk manga and anime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_cyberpunk_manga_and_anime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Subgenre of science fiction produced in Japan</div> <p><b>Japanese cyberpunk</b> refers to <a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">cyberpunk</a> fiction produced in Japan. There are two distinct subgenres of Japanese cyberpunk: live-action Japanese cyberpunk films, and cyberpunk <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> works.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Japanese cyberpunk <a href="/wiki/Film_industry" title="Film industry">cinema</a>, also referred to as Extreme Japanese Cyberpunk, refers to a sub-genre of <a href="/wiki/Underground_film" title="Underground film">underground film</a> produced in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, starting in the 1980s. It bears some resemblance to the 'low-life high-tech' <a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">cyberpunk</a>, as understood in the West; however, it differs in its representation of industrial and metallic imagery and an incomprehensible narrative. The main directors associated with the Japanese cyberpunk movement are <a href="/wiki/Shinya_Tsukamoto" title="Shinya Tsukamoto">Shinya Tsukamoto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shozin_Fukui" title="Shozin Fukui">Shozin Fukui</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gakury%C5%AB_Ishii" title="Gakuryū Ishii">Sogo Ishii</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The origins of the genre can be traced back to the 1982 film <i><a href="/wiki/Burst_City" title="Burst City">Burst City</a></i>, before the genre was primarily defined by the 1989 film <i><a href="/wiki/Tetsuo:_The_Iron_Man" title="Tetsuo: The Iron Man">Tetsuo: The Iron Man</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has roots in the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Punk_subculture" title="Punk subculture">punk subculture</a>, which arose from the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_punk" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese punk">Japanese punk</a> music scene in the 1970s, with <a href="/wiki/Sogo_Ishii" class="mw-redirect" title="Sogo Ishii">Sogo Ishii</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Punk_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Punk film">punk films</a> of the late 1970s to early 1980s introducing this subculture to <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese cinema">Japanese cinema</a> and paving the way for Japanese cyberpunk. </p><p>Japanese cyberpunk also refers to a subgenre of manga and anime works with cyberpunk themes. This subgenre began in 1982 with the debut of <a href="/wiki/Katsuhiro_Otomo" title="Katsuhiro Otomo">Katsuhiro Otomo</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a> series <i><a href="/wiki/Akira_(manga)" title="Akira (manga)">Akira</a></i>, with its <a href="/wiki/Akira_(1988_film)" title="Akira (1988 film)">1988 anime film adaptation</a> (which Otomo directed) later popularizing the subgenre. <i><a href="/wiki/Akira_(franchise)" title="Akira (franchise)">Akira</a></i> inspired a wave of Japanese cyberpunk works, including manga and <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> series such as <i><a href="/wiki/Ghost_in_the_Shell" title="Ghost in the Shell">Ghost in the Shell</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Battle_Angel_Alita" title="Battle Angel Alita">Battle Angel Alita</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_Bebop" title="Cowboy Bebop">Cowboy Bebop</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Serial_Experiments_Lain" title="Serial Experiments Lain">Serial Experiments Lain</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-polygon_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polygon-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cyberpunk anime and manga have been influential on global <a href="/wiki/Popular_culture" title="Popular culture">popular culture</a>, inspiring numerous works in animation, comics, film, music, television and video games.<sup id="cite_ref-vice_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vice-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-filmschoolrejects_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-filmschoolrejects-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Japanese_cyberpunk_films">Japanese cyberpunk films</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_cyberpunk&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Japanese cyberpunk films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Style">Style</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_cyberpunk&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Japanese cyberpunk generally involves the characters, especially the protagonist, going through monstrous, incomprehensible <a href="/wiki/Metamorphosis" title="Metamorphosis">metamorphoses</a> in an industrial setting. Many of these films have scenes that fall into the <a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">experimental film</a> genre; they often involve purely abstract or visual sequences that may or may not relate to the characters and plot. Recurring themes include: mutation, technology, dehumanization, repression and sexual deviance.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Precursors">Precursors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_cyberpunk&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Precursors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In contrast to Western cyberpunk which has roots in <a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave science fiction</a> literature, Japanese cyberpunk has roots in <a href="/wiki/Underground_music" title="Underground music">underground music</a> culture, specifically the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Punk_subculture" title="Punk subculture">punk subculture</a> that arose from the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_punk" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese punk">Japanese punk</a> music scene in the 1970s. The filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Sogo_Ishii" class="mw-redirect" title="Sogo Ishii">Sogo Ishii</a> introduced this subculture to <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese cinema">Japanese cinema</a> with his <a href="/wiki/Punk_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Punk film">punk films</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Panic_High_School" title="Panic High School">Panic High School</a></i> (1978) and <i><a href="/wiki/Crazy_Thunder_Road" title="Crazy Thunder Road">Crazy Thunder Road</a></i> (1980), which portrayed the rebellion and anarchy associated with punk, and went on to become highly influential in <a href="/wiki/Underground_film" title="Underground film">underground film</a> circles. <i>Crazy Thunder Road</i> in particular was an influential <a href="/wiki/Biker_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Biker film">biker film</a>, with a punk <a href="/wiki/Biker_gang" class="mw-redirect" title="Biker gang">biker gang</a> aesthetic that paved the way for <a href="/wiki/Katsuhiro_Otomo" title="Katsuhiro Otomo">Katsuhiro Otomo</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Akira_(franchise)" title="Akira (franchise)">Akira</a></i>. Ishii's next film was the frenetic <i>Shuffle</i> (1981), an unofficial <a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">short film</a> adaptation of a <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a> <a href="/wiki/Comic_strip" title="Comic strip">comic strip</a> by Otomo.<sup id="cite_ref-Midnight_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Midnight-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gravett" title="Paul Gravett">Paul Gravett</a>, when Akira began to be published, cyberpunk literature had not yet been translated into Japanese, Otomo has distinct inspirations such as <a href="/wiki/Mitsuteru_Yokoyama" title="Mitsuteru Yokoyama">Mitsuteru Yokoyama</a>'s manga series <i><a href="/wiki/Tetsujin_28-go" title="Tetsujin 28-go">Tetsujin 28-go</a></i> (1956–1966) and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Giraud" title="Jean Giraud">Moebius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ishii's most influential film was <i><a href="/wiki/Burst_City" title="Burst City">Burst City</a></i> (1982).<sup id="cite_ref-Midnight_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Midnight-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since its release, it has had a strong effect on the underground Japanese film scene.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It starred <a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Izumiya" title="Shigeru Izumiya">Shigeru Izumiya</a>, who would, four years later, go on to direct his own cyberpunk film, <i><a href="/wiki/Death_Powder" title="Death Powder">Death Powder</a></i>, in 1986. The early short films of <a href="/wiki/Shinya_Tsukamoto" title="Shinya Tsukamoto">Shinya Tsukamoto</a>, such as <i>The Adventures Of Electric Rod Boy</i> (1987)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>The Phantom of Regular Size</i> (1986)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (which <i>Tetsuo</i> was a remake of), are often credited as precursors of the movement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Core_films">Core films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_cyberpunk&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Core films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some defining films in the genre include:<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Burst_City" title="Burst City">Burst City</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Death_Powder" title="Death Powder">Death Powder</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akira_(1988_film)" title="Akira (1988 film)">Akira</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tetsuo:_The_Iron_Man" title="Tetsuo: The Iron Man">Tetsuo: The Iron Man</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/964_Pinocchio" title="964 Pinocchio">964 Pinocchio</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tetsuo_II:_Body_Hammer" title="Tetsuo II: Body Hammer">Tetsuo II: Body Hammer</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghost_in_the_Shell_(1995_film)" title="Ghost in the Shell (1995 film)">Ghost in the Shell</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubber%27s_Lover" title="Rubber's Lover">Rubber's Lover</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Electric_Dragon_80.000_V" title="Electric Dragon 80.000 V">Electric Dragon 80.000 V</a></i> (2001)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peripheral_films">Peripheral films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_cyberpunk&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Peripheral films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Related films include: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Guinea_Pig_5:_Android_of_Notre_Dame" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinea Pig 5: Android of Notre Dame">Guinea Pig 5: Android of Notre Dame</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i>Anatomia Extinction</i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I.K.U." title="I.K.U.">I.K.U.</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i>Hellevator: The Bottled Fools</i> (2004)</li> <li><i>Tsuburo no gara</i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meatball_Machine" title="Meatball Machine">Meatball Machine</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Gore_Police" title="Tokyo Gore Police">Tokyo Gore Police</a></i> (2008)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_influences">Western influences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_cyberpunk&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Western influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eraserhead" title="Eraserhead">Eraserhead</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blade_Runner" title="Blade Runner">Blade Runner</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Videodrome" title="Videodrome">Videodrome</a></i> (1983)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_films_inspired_by_Japanese_cyberpunk">Western films inspired by Japanese cyberpunk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_cyberpunk&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Western films inspired by Japanese cyberpunk"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Dandy Dust</i> (1998)</li> <li><i>Ultra-Toxic</i> (2005)</li> <li><i>Zoetrope</i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Automatons_(film)" title="Automatons (film)">Automatons</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i>Hikikomori: Tokyo Plastic</i> (2004)</li> <li><i>Flesh Computer</i> (2014)</li> <li><i>Computer Hearts</i> (2015) (with direct quote from Tetsuo: The Iron Man)</li> <li><i>Difficulty Breathing</i> (2017)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cyberpunk_manga_and_anime">Cyberpunk manga and anime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_cyberpunk&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cyberpunk manga and anime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Japanese cyberpunk also refers to a subgenre of <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> works with cyberpunk themes. This subgenre began in 1982 with the debut of the <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a> series <i><a href="/wiki/Akira_(manga)" title="Akira (manga)">Akira</a></i>, with its <a href="/wiki/Akira_(1988_film)" title="Akira (1988 film)">1988 anime film adaptation</a> later popularizing the subgenre. <i><a href="/wiki/Akira_(franchise)" title="Akira (franchise)">Akira</a></i> inspired a wave of Japanese cyberpunk works, including manga and <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> series such as <i><a href="/wiki/Ghost_in_the_Shell" title="Ghost in the Shell">Ghost in the Shell</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Battle_Angel_Alita" title="Battle Angel Alita">Battle Angel Alita</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_Bebop" title="Cowboy Bebop">Cowboy Bebop</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Serial_Experiments_Lain" title="Serial Experiments Lain">Serial Experiments Lain</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-polygon_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polygon-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cyberpunk themes are widely visible in <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Cosplay" title="Cosplay">cosplay</a> is popular and not only teenagers display such fashion styles, cyberpunk has been accepted and its influence is widespread. <a href="/wiki/William_Gibson" title="William Gibson">William Gibson</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Neuromancer" title="Neuromancer">Neuromancer</a>,</i> whose influence dominated the early cyberpunk movement, was also set in <a href="/wiki/Chiba_Prefecture" title="Chiba Prefecture">Chiba</a>, one of Japan's largest industrial areas. </p><p>Cyberpunk anime and manga draw upon a futuristic vision which has elements in common with western science fiction and therefore have received wide international acceptance outside Japan. "The conceptualization involved in cyberpunk is more of forging ahead, looking at the new global culture. It is a culture that does not exist right now, so the Japanese concept of a cyberpunk future, seems just as valid as a Western one, especially as Western cyberpunk often incorporates many Japanese elements."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> William Gibson became a frequent visitor to Japan, where he came to see that many of his visions of Japan were a reality: </p> <blockquote><p>Modern Japan simply was cyberpunk. The <a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese</a> themselves knew it and delighted in it. I remember my first glimpse of <a href="/wiki/Shibuya,_Tokyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Shibuya, Tokyo">Shibuya</a>, when one of the young <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> journalists who had taken me there, his face drenched with the light of a thousand media-suns—all that towering, animated crawl of commercial information—said, "You see? You see? It is <i>Blade Runner</i> town." And it was. It so evidently was.<sup id="cite_ref-cyberpunk1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cyberpunk1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_cyberpunk_manga_and_anime">List of cyberpunk manga and anime</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_cyberpunk&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: List of cyberpunk manga and anime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cyberpunk_works" title="List of cyberpunk works">List of cyberpunk works</a></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Akira_(franchise)" title="Akira (franchise)">Akira</a></i> (1982–1990) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akira_(manga)" title="Akira (manga)">Manga series (1982–1990)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akira_(1988_film)" title="Akira (1988 film)">Anime film (1988)</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Appleseed_(manga)" title="Appleseed (manga)">Appleseed</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Megazone_23" title="Megazone 23">Megazone 23</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dirty_Pair" title="Dirty Pair">Dirty Pair</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ai_City" title="Ai City">Ai City</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bubblegum_Crisis" title="Bubblegum Crisis">Bubblegum Crisis</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goku_Midnight_Eye" title="Goku Midnight Eye">Goku Midnight Eye</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neo_Tokyo_(film)" title="Neo Tokyo (film)">Neo Tokyo</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghost_in_the_Shell" title="Ghost in the Shell">Ghost in the Shell</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/AD_Police_Files#manga" title="AD Police Files">A.D. Police: Dead End City</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cybernetics_Guardian" title="Cybernetics Guardian">Cybernetics Guardian</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/AD_Police_Files" title="AD Police Files">AD Police Files</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_Angel_Alita" title="Battle Angel Alita">Gunnm</a> (Battle Angel Alita)</i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyber_City_Oedo_808" title="Cyber City Oedo 808">Cyber City Oedo 808</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ai_no_Kusabi" title="Ai no Kusabi">Ai no Kusabi</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genocyber" title="Genocyber">Genocyber</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Armitage_III" title="Armitage III">Armitage III</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dji_Morimoto" title="Kōji Morimoto">Extra</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Virus_Buster_Serge" title="Virus Buster Serge">Virus Buster Serge</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blame!" title="Blame!">Blame!</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Serial_Experiments_Lain" title="Serial Experiments Lain">Serial Experiments Lain</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Texhnolyze" title="Texhnolyze">Texhnolyze</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paprika_(2006_film)" title="Paprika (2006 film)">Paprika</a></i> (2006)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mardock_Scramble" title="Mardock Scramble">Mardock Scramble</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psycho-Pass" title="Psycho-Pass">Psycho-Pass</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dimension_W" title="Dimension W">Dimension W</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akudama_Drive" title="Akudama Drive">Akudama Drive</a></i> (2020)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence">Influence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_cyberpunk&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Akira_(manga)" title="Akira (manga)">Akira</a></i> (1982 manga) and its <a href="/wiki/Akira_(1988_film)" title="Akira (1988 film)">1988 anime film adaptation</a> have influenced numerous works in animation, comics, film, music, television and video games.<sup id="cite_ref-vice_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vice-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-filmschoolrejects_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-filmschoolrejects-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Akira</i> has been cited as a major influence on <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood films">Hollywood films</a> such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Matrix" title="The Matrix">The Matrix</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-gaeta-empire_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaeta-empire-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Dark_City_(1998_film)" title="Dark City (1998 film)">Dark City</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicle_(film)" title="Chronicle (film)">Chronicle</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Looper_(film)" title="Looper (film)">Looper</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Special_(film)" title="Midnight Special (film)">Midnight Special</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Inception" title="Inception">Inception</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-vice_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vice-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> television shows such as <i><a href="/wiki/Stranger_Things" title="Stranger Things">Stranger Things</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and video games such as <a href="/wiki/Hideo_Kojima" title="Hideo Kojima">Hideo Kojima</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Snatcher_(video_game)" title="Snatcher (video game)">Snatcher</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Metal_Gear_(series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal Gear (series)">Metal Gear Solid</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-polygon_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polygon-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Valve_Corporation" title="Valve Corporation">Valve</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Half-Life_(series)" title="Half-Life (series)">Half-Life</a></i> series<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Dontnod_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Dontnod Entertainment">Dontnod Entertainment</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Remember_Me_(video_game)" title="Remember Me (video game)">Remember Me</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Gaeta" title="John Gaeta">John Gaeta</a> cited <i>Akira</i> as artistic inspiration for the <a href="/wiki/Bullet_time" title="Bullet time">bullet time</a> effect in <a href="/wiki/The_Matrix_(franchise)" title="The Matrix (franchise)"><i>The Matrix</i> films</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gaeta-empire_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaeta-empire-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Akira</i> has also been credited with influencing the <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a></i> franchise, including the <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_prequels" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Wars prequels">prequel film trilogy</a> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Clone_Wars_(Star_Wars)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clone Wars (Star Wars)">Clone Wars</a></i> film and television series.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Akira</i> has also influenced the work of musicians such as <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a>, who paid homage to <i>Akira</i> in the "<a href="/wiki/Stronger_(Kanye_West_song)" title="Stronger (Kanye West song)">Stronger</a>" music video,<sup id="cite_ref-vice_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vice-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Lupe_Fiasco" title="Lupe Fiasco">Lupe Fiasco</a>, whose album <i><a href="/wiki/Tetsuo_%26_Youth" title="Tetsuo & Youth">Tetsuo & Youth</a></i> is named after Tetsuo Shima.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The popular bike from the film, Kaneda's Motorbike, appears in <i><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a>'</i>s film <i><a href="/wiki/Ready_Player_One_(film)" title="Ready Player One (film)">Ready Player One</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/CD_Projekt" title="CD Projekt">CD Projekt</a>'s video game <i><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk_2077" title="Cyberpunk 2077">Cyberpunk 2077</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Deus_Ex:_Mankind_Divided" title="Deus Ex: Mankind Divided">Deus Ex: Mankind Divided</a></i> video game developer <a href="/wiki/Eidos_Montr%C3%A9al" class="mw-redirect" title="Eidos Montréal">Eidos Montréal</a> also paid homage to the film's poster.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Ghost_in_the_Shell" title="Ghost in the Shell">Ghost in the Shell</a></i> (1989) influenced a number of prominent filmmakers. <a href="/wiki/The_Wachowskis" title="The Wachowskis">The Wachowskis</a>, creators of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Matrix" title="The Matrix">The Matrix</a></i> (1999) and its sequels, showed the <a href="/wiki/Ghost_in_the_Shell_(1995_film)" title="Ghost in the Shell (1995 film)">1995 anime film adaptation of <i>Ghost in the Shell</i></a> to producer <a href="/wiki/Joel_Silver" title="Joel Silver">Joel Silver</a>, saying, "We wanna do that for real."<sup id="cite_ref-silver-anime-2_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-silver-anime-2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Matrix</i> series took several concepts from the film, including the <a href="/wiki/Matrix_digital_rain" title="Matrix digital rain">Matrix digital rain</a>, which was inspired by the opening credits of <i>Ghost in the Shell</i>, and the way characters access the Matrix through holes in the back of their necks.<sup id="cite_ref-uk_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uk-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other parallels have been drawn to <a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Avatar_(2009_film)" title="Avatar (2009 film)">Avatar</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/A.I._Artificial_Intelligence" title="A.I. Artificial Intelligence">A.I. Artificial Intelligence</a></i>, and <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Mostow" title="Jonathan Mostow">Jonathan Mostow</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Surrogates" title="Surrogates">Surrogates</a></i>;<sup id="cite_ref-uk_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uk-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cameron cited <i>Ghost in the Shell</i> as an influence on <i>Avatar</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Ghost in the Shell</i> also influenced video games such as the <i>Metal Gear Solid</i> series,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Deus_Ex" title="Deus Ex">Deus Ex</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Oni_(video_game)" title="Oni (video game)">Oni</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-SPIN_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPIN-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk_2077" title="Cyberpunk 2077">Cyberpunk 2077</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Conditt-Aug2012_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conditt-Aug2012-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Original_video_animation" title="Original video animation">original video animation</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Megazone_23" title="Megazone 23">Megazone 23</a></i> (1985), with its concept of a simulated reality, has a number of similarities to <i>The Matrix</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Dark City</i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Existenz" title="Existenz">Existenz</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Battle_Angel_Alita" title="Battle Angel Alita">Battle Angel Alita</a></i> (1990) has had a notable influence on filmmaker James Cameron, who was planning to adapt it into a film since 2000. It was an influence on his TV series <i><a href="/wiki/Dark_Angel_(2000_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark Angel (2000 TV series)">Dark Angel</a></i>, and he is the producer of the 2018 film adaptation <i><a href="/wiki/Alita:_Battle_Angel" title="Alita: Battle Angel">Alita: Battle Angel</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Comic_book" title="Comic book">Comic book</a> artist André Lima Araújo cited cyberpunk manga and anime such as <i>Akira</i>, <i>Ghost in the Shell</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Neon_Genesis_Evangelion_(franchise)" title="Neon Genesis Evangelion (franchise)">Evangelion</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_Bebop" title="Cowboy Bebop">Cowboy Bebop</a></i> as a major influence on his work, which includes <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Comics" title="Marvel Comics">Marvel Comics</a> such as <i><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Ultron" title="Age of Ultron">Age of Ultron</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Avengers_A.I." title="Avengers A.I.">Avengers A.I.</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Spider-Verse" title="Spider-Verse">Spider-Verse</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Inhumans" class="mw-redirect" title="The Inhumans">The Inhumans</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_cyberpunk&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postcyberpunk" class="mw-redirect" title="Postcyberpunk">Postcyberpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">Steampunk</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_cyberpunk&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/where-begin-japanese-cyberpunk">"Where to begin with Japanese cyberpunk"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Film+Institute&rft.atitle=Where+to+begin+with+Japanese+cyberpunk&rft.date=2019-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfi.org.uk%2Ffeatures%2Fwhere-begin-japanese-cyberpunk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+cyberpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDazed2020" class="citation web cs1">Dazed (2020-05-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dazeddigital.com/film-tv/article/49153/1/japanese-cyberpunk-cinema-guide-sogo-ishii-shinya-tsukamoto-shozin-fukui-akira">"A guide to Japanese cyberpunk cinema with three of its visionary directors"</a>. <i>Dazed</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201126044053/https://www.dazeddigital.com/film-tv/article/49153/1/japanese-cyberpunk-cinema-guide-sogo-ishii-shinya-tsukamoto-shozin-fukui-akira">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-11-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dazed&rft.atitle=A+guide+to+Japanese+cyberpunk+cinema+with+three+of+its+visionary+directors&rft.date=2020-05-08&rft.au=Dazed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dazeddigital.com%2Ffilm-tv%2Farticle%2F49153%2F1%2Fjapanese-cyberpunk-cinema-guide-sogo-ishii-shinya-tsukamoto-shozin-fukui-akira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+cyberpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080901122559/http://www.cyberpunkreview.com/japanese-cyberpunk/">"Extreme Japanese Cyberpunk"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyberpunkreview.com/japanese-cyberpunk/">the original</a> on 2008-09-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Extreme+Japanese+Cyberpunk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyberpunkreview.com%2Fjapanese-cyberpunk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+cyberpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-polygon-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-polygon_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-polygon_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-polygon_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polygon.com/features/2018/8/30/17796680/cyberpunk-2077-history-blade-runner-neuromancer">"What is cyberpunk?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Polygon_(website)" title="Polygon (website)">Polygon</a></i>. August 30, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181014091351/https://www.polygon.com/features/2018/8/30/17796680/cyberpunk-2077-history-blade-runner-neuromancer">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collider&rft.atitle=Rian+Johnson+Talks+Working+with+Joseph+Gordon-Levitt+on+LOOPER%2C+Hollywood%27s+Lack+of+Originality%2C+Future+Projects+and+More&rft.date=2012-09-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollider.com%2Frian-johnson-reddit-ama%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+cyberpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/08/07/inside-stranger-things-the-duffer-bros-on-how-they-made-the-tv-hit-of-the-summer.html">Inside ‘Stranger Things’: The Duffer Bros. on How They Made the TV Hit of the Summer</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170506153310/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/08/07/inside-stranger-things-the-duffer-bros-on-how-they-made-the-tv-hit-of-the-summer.html">Archived</a> 2017-05-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a></i>, August 7, 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopper2001" class="citation web cs1">Hopper, Ben (February 20, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamecritics.com/great-games-snatcher">"Great Games Snatcher"</a>. <i>GameCritics.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111021214258/http://www.gamecritics.com/great-games-snatcher">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-10-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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August 29, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181014010144/https://as.com/meristation/2018/08/29/noticias/1535543681_545901.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MeriStation&rft.atitle=Half-Life+tiene+varias+referencias+a+Akira&rft.date=2018-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fas.com%2Fmeristation%2F2018%2F08%2F29%2Fnoticias%2F1535543681_545901.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+cyberpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.techradar.com/news/the-most-impressive-pc-mods-ever-made">"The most impressive PC mods ever made"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TechRadar" title="TechRadar">TechRadar</a></i>. June 14, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180616224054/https://www.techradar.com/news/the-most-impressive-pc-mods-ever-made">Archived</a> from the original on June 16, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TechRadar&rft.atitle=The+most+impressive+PC+mods+ever+made&rft.date=2018-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.techradar.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-most-impressive-pc-mods-ever-made&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+cyberpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-feature/2015/01/28/feature-life-is-strange-interview-and-hands-on-impressions">"FEATURE: "Life is Strange" Interview and Hands-on Impressions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Crunchyroll" title="Crunchyroll">Crunchyroll</a></i>. January 28, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181014053106/https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-feature/2015/01/28/feature-life-is-strange-interview-and-hands-on-impressions">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crunchyroll&rft.atitle=FEATURE%3A+%22Life+is+Strange%22+Interview+and+Hands-on+Impressions&rft.date=2015-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crunchyroll.com%2Fanime-feature%2F2015%2F01%2F28%2Ffeature-life-is-strange-interview-and-hands-on-impressions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+cyberpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.starwars.com/news/cinema-behind-star-wars-akira">"THE CINEMA BEHIND STAR WARS: AKIRA"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">StarWars.com</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170730203627/http://www.starwars.com/news/cinema-behind-star-wars-akira">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-07-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=StarWars.com&rft.atitle=THE+CINEMA+BEHIND+STAR+WARS%3A+AKIRA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.starwars.com%2Fnews%2Fcinema-behind-star-wars-akira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+cyberpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/lupe-fiasco-is-avoiding-politics-on-tetsuo-youth-20131025">"Lupe Fiasco's 'Tetsuo & Youth' Avoiding Politics – Rolling Stone"</a>. <i>Rolling Stone</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141117113659/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/lupe-fiasco-is-avoiding-politics-on-tetsuo-youth-20131025">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Lupe+Fiasco%27s+%27Tetsuo+%26+Youth%27+Avoiding+Politics+%E2%80%93+Rolling+Stone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fnews%2Flupe-fiasco-is-avoiding-politics-on-tetsuo-youth-20131025&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+cyberpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancisco" class="citation web cs1">Francisco, Eric. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inverse.com/article/42981-ready-player-one-anime-easter-eggs-gundam">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Ready Player One' Anime Easter Eggs Include Gundam, Voltron and Much More"</a>. <i>inverse.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180822050245/https://www.inverse.com/article/42981-ready-player-one-anime-easter-eggs-gundam">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-08-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=inverse.com&rft.atitle=%27Ready+Player+One%27+Anime+Easter+Eggs+Include+Gundam%2C+Voltron+and+Much+More&rft.aulast=Francisco&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inverse.com%2Farticle%2F42981-ready-player-one-anime-easter-eggs-gundam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+cyberpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcgamesn.com/cyberpunk-2077/cyberpunk-2077-announcement-future">"Cyberpunk 2077 devs "will be significantly more open"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PCGamesN" title="PCGamesN">PCGamesN</a></i>. June 12, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181014093101/https://www.pcgamesn.com/cyberpunk-2077/cyberpunk-2077-announcement-future">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PCGamesN&rft.atitle=Cyberpunk+2077+devs+%22will+be+significantly+more+open%22&rft.date=2018-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcgamesn.com%2Fcyberpunk-2077%2Fcyberpunk-2077-announcement-future&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+cyberpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kotaku.co.uk/2017/07/17/heres-some-spiffy-unused-deus-ex-mankind-art-inspired-by-akira">"Here's Some Spiffy Unused Deus Ex: Mankind Divided Art, Inspired by Akira"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Kotaku" title="Kotaku">Kotaku</a></i>. July 17, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181014091607/http://www.kotaku.co.uk/2017/07/17/heres-some-spiffy-unused-deus-ex-mankind-art-inspired-by-akira">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kotaku&rft.atitle=Here%27s+Some+Spiffy+Unused+Deus+Ex%3A+Mankind+Divided+Art%2C+Inspired+by+Akira&rft.date=2017-07-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kotaku.co.uk%2F2017%2F07%2F17%2Fheres-some-spiffy-unused-deus-ex-mankind-art-inspired-by-akira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+cyberpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-silver-anime-2-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-silver-anime-2_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Joel_Silver" title="Joel Silver">Joel Silver</a>, interviewed in "Making <i>The Matrix</i>" featurette on <i>The Matrix</i> DVD.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uk-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uk_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uk_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose2009" class="citation web cs1">Rose, Steve (19 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2009/oct/19/hollywood-ghost-in-the-shell">"Hollywood is haunted by Ghost in the Shell"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130308101232/http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2009/oct/19/hollywood-ghost-in-the-shell">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Hollywood+is+haunted+by+Ghost+in+the+Shell&rft.date=2009-10-19&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2009%2Foct%2F19%2Fhollywood-ghost-in-the-shell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+cyberpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchrodt2017" class="citation news cs1">Schrodt, Paul (1 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/original-ghost-in-the-shell-movie-influence-2017-3">"How the original 'Ghost in the Shell' changed sci-fi and the way we think about the future"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190826142138/https://www.businessinsider.com/original-ghost-in-the-shell-movie-influence-2017-3">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=How+the+original+%27Ghost+in+the+Shell%27+changed+sci-fi+and+the+way+we+think+about+the+future&rft.date=2017-04-01&rft.aulast=Schrodt&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Foriginal-ghost-in-the-shell-movie-influence-2017-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+cyberpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170410032850/http://www.glixel.com/news/hideo-kojima-on-the-philosophy-behind-ghost-in-the-shell-w475805">"Hideo Kojima on the Philosophy Behind 'Ghost in the Shell'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Glixel" class="mw-redirect" title="Glixel">Glixel</a></i>. April 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glixel.com/news/hideo-kojima-on-the-philosophy-behind-ghost-in-the-shell-w475805">the original</a> on 2017-04-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Bungie.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171024095440/http://oni.bungie.org/special/part1/brent.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-10-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Bungie.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160314055709/http://oni.bungie.org/special/part1/alex.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-03-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+concept+artist+Alex+Okita&rft.pub=Bungie.org&rft.aulast=Al-Shakarchi&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foni.bungie.org%2Fspecial%2Fpart1%2Falex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+cyberpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gamingbolt.com/cyberpunk-2077-devs-looked-at-blade-runner-and-ghost-in-the-shell-for-inspiration">"Cyberpunk 2077 Devs Looked at Blade Runner and Ghost in the Shell for Inspiration"</a>. <i>GamingBolt</i>. 13 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190227141102/https://gamingbolt.com/cyberpunk-2077-devs-looked-at-blade-runner-and-ghost-in-the-shell-for-inspiration">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Vision">A.D. Vision</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.advfilms.com/titles/megazone/">the original</a> on 2005-02-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-03-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Megazone+23+-+Retroactive+Influence&rft.pub=A.D.+Vision&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.advfilms.com%2Ftitles%2Fmegazone%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+cyberpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPellitteriBouissouFrattaMartorella2010" class="citation book cs1">Pellitteri, Marco; Bouissou, Jean-Marie; Fratta, Gianluca Di; Martorella, Cristiano; Suvilay, Bounthavy (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FxUZHy9MXgoC&pg=PT607"><i>The Dragon and the Dazzle: Models, Strategies, and Identities of Japanese Imagination : a European Perspective</i></a>. Tunué. p. 607. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788889613894" title="Special:BookSources/9788889613894"><bdi>9788889613894</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dragon+and+the+Dazzle%3A+Models%2C+Strategies%2C+and+Identities+of+Japanese+Imagination+%3A+a+European+Perspective&rft.pages=607&rft.pub=Tunu%C3%A9&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9788889613894&rft.aulast=Pellitteri&rft.aufirst=Marco&rft.au=Bouissou%2C+Jean-Marie&rft.au=Fratta%2C+Gianluca+Di&rft.au=Martorella%2C+Cristiano&rft.au=Suvilay%2C+Bounthavy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFxUZHy9MXgoC%26pg%3DPT607&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+cyberpunk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200116063802/https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2017/12/08-1/live-action-alita-battle-angel-finally-shows-its-hand">"Live-Action "Alita: Battle Angel" Finally Shows Its Hand"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Crunchyroll" title="Crunchyroll">Crunchyroll</a></i>. December 8, 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2017/12/08-1/live-action-alita-battle-angel-finally-shows-its-hand">the original</a> on January 16, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cyberpunk" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cyberpunk"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cyberpunk" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_cyberpunk_works" title="List of cyberpunk works">List of cyberpunk works</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contributors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Bethke" title="Bruce Bethke">Bruce Bethke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Cadigan" title="Pat Cadigan">Pat Cadigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_K._Dick" title="Philip K. Dick">Philip K. Dick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gibson" title="William Gibson">William Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gakury%C5%AB_Ishii" title="Gakuryū Ishii">Sogo Ishii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Maddox" title="Tom Maddox">Tom Maddox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamoru_Oshii" title="Mamoru Oshii">Mamoru Oshii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katsuhiro_Otomo" title="Katsuhiro Otomo">Katsuhiro Otomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Rucker" title="Rudy Rucker">Rudy Rucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Shirley" title="John Shirley">John Shirley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masamune_Shirow" title="Masamune Shirow">Masamune Shirow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_Stephenson" title="Neal Stephenson">Neal Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Sterling" title="Bruce Sterling">Bruce Sterling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subcultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Japanese cyberpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberdelic" title="Cyberdelic">Cyberdelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybergoth" title="Cybergoth">Cybergoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypherpunk" title="Cypherpunk">Cypherpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrohippies" title="Electrohippies">Electrohippies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Philosophy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanism" title="Transhumanism">Transhumanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_liberty" title="Cognitive liberty">Cognitive liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphological_freedom" title="Morphological freedom">Morphological freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_enhancement" title="Human enhancement">Human enhancement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_in_fiction" title="Artificial intelligence in fiction">AI in fiction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberspace" title="Cyberspace">Cyberspace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybercrime" title="Cybercrime">Cybercrime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_culture" title="Internet culture">Cyberculture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Revolution">Digital Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Information_Age" title="Information Age">Information Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Information revolution">Information revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">Information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megacorporation" title="Megacorporation">Megacorporation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evil_corporation" title="Evil corporation">Evil corporation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">Virtual reality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augmented_reality" title="Augmented reality">Augmented reality</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk_derivatives" title="Cyberpunk derivatives">Derivative genres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postcyberpunk" class="mw-redirect" title="Postcyberpunk">Postcyberpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_noir" title="Tech noir">Tech noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">Steampunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_steampunk_works" title="List of steampunk works">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieselpunk" title="Dieselpunk">Dieselpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biopunk" title="Biopunk">Biopunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biopunk_works" title="List of biopunk works">works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanopunk" title="Nanopunk">Nanopunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solarpunk" title="Solarpunk">Solarpunk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span></b> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Cyberpunk" title="Category:Cyberpunk">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Science_fiction" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Science_fiction" title="Template:Science fiction"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Science_fiction" title="Template talk:Science fiction"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Science_fiction" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Science fiction"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Science_fiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science fiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_science_fiction" title="Outline of science fiction">Outline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science-fiction_authors" title="List of science-fiction authors">Authors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definitions_of_science_fiction" title="Definitions of science fiction">Definitions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropological_science_fiction" title="Anthropological science fiction">Anthropological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_science_fiction" title="Hard science fiction">Hard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_romance" title="Scientific romance">Scientific romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_science_fiction" title="Soft science fiction">Soft</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Science_Fiction" title="Golden Age of Science Fiction">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_fiction" title="History of science fiction">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_science_fiction" title="Timeline of science fiction">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subgenres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_sitcoms" class="mw-redirect" title="List of science fiction sitcoms">Sitcoms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_science_fiction" title="Feminist science fiction">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimdark" title="Grimdark">Grimdark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_space_(science_fiction)" title="Inner space (science fiction)">Inner space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_anime_and_manga" title="Mecha anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundane_science_fiction" title="Mundane science fiction">Mundane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_warfare_in_science_fiction" title="Space warfare in science fiction">Space warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">Space opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Space Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_universes_in_fiction" title="Parallel universes in fiction">Parallel universes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dying_Earth_(genre)" title="Dying Earth (genre)">Dying Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_romance" title="Planetary romance">Planetary romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_fiction" title="Superhero fiction">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sword and planet">Sword and planet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_science_fiction" title="Social science fiction">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_fiction" title="Climate fiction">Climate fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_science_fiction" title="Christian science fiction">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_science_fiction" title="Libertarian science fiction">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_and_dystopian_fiction" title="Utopian and dystopian fiction">Utopian and dystopian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_noir" title="Tech noir">Tech noir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spy-Fi_(subgenre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spy-Fi (subgenre)">Spy-Fi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-thriller" title="Techno-thriller">Techno-thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_underwater_science_fiction_works" title="List of underwater science fiction works">Underwater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk_derivatives" title="Cyberpunk derivatives">Cyberpunk derivatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Japanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biopunk" title="Biopunk">Biopunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieselpunk" title="Dieselpunk">Dieselpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanopunk" title="Nanopunk">Nanopunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solarpunk" title="Solarpunk">Solarpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">Steampunk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_convention" title="Science fiction convention">Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_fandom" title="Science fiction fandom">Fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science-fiction_fanzine" title="Science-fiction fanzine">Fanzines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">ISFDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_libraries_and_museums" title="Science fiction libraries and museums">Libraries and museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMP_Museum#Science_Fiction_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="EMP Museum">Science Fiction Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_studies" title="Science fiction studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_speculative_fiction" title="Women in speculative fiction">Women in SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldcon" title="Worldcon">Worldcon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_science_fiction" title="Australian science fiction">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_science_fiction" title="Bengali science fiction">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_science_fiction" title="Brazilian science fiction">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_science_fiction" title="Canadian science fiction">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_science_fiction" title="Chilean science fiction">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_science_fiction" title="Chinese science fiction">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_science_fiction" title="Croatian science fiction">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_science_fiction_and_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech science fiction and fantasy">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_science_fiction" title="Estonian science fiction">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_science_fiction" title="French science fiction">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_science_fiction" title="Hungarian science fiction">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_science_fiction" title="Japanese science fiction">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_science_fiction" title="Norwegian science fiction">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_and_fantasy_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Science fiction and fantasy in Poland">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_science_fiction" title="Romanian science fiction">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_science_fiction_and_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian science fiction and fantasy">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_science_fiction" title="Serbian science fiction">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_science_fiction" title="Spanish science fiction">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_science_fiction" title="Yugoslav science fiction">Yugoslav</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cinematic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne_Awards" title="Jules Verne Awards">Jules Verne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Awards" title="Saturn Awards">Saturn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literary, art,<br />and audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astounding_Award_for_Best_New_Writer" title="Astounding Award for Best New Writer">Astounding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurealis_Award" title="Aurealis Award">Aurealis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSFA_Award" title="BSFA Award">BSFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Campbell_Memorial_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Novel" title="John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel">Campbell Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesley_Awards" title="Chesley Awards">Chesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke_Award" title="Arthur C. Clarke Award">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton_Crook_Award" title="Compton Crook Award">Crook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Science_Fiction_Preis" title="Deutscher Science Fiction Preis">Deutscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_K._Dick_Award" title="Philip K. Dick Award">Dick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditmar_Award" title="Ditmar Award">Ditmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endeavour_Award" title="Endeavour Award">Endeavor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FantLab%27s_Book_of_the_Year_Award" title="FantLab's Book of the Year Award">FantLab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Award_(China)" title="Galaxy Award (China)">Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Gaughan_Award" title="Jack Gaughan Award">Gaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geffen_Award" title="Geffen Award">Geffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Duck_Award" title="Golden Duck Award">Golden Duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damon_Knight_Memorial_Grand_Master_Award" title="Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award">Grand Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_prix_de_l%27Imaginaire" title="Grand prix de l'Imaginaire">Grand Prix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Harland_Prize" title="Paul Harland Prize">Harland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein_Award" title="Robert A. Heinlein Award">Heinlein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premio_Ignotus" title="Premio Ignotus">Ignotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitschies" title="Kitschies">Kitschies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lambda_Literary_Awards_winners_and_nominees_for_science_fiction,_fantasy_and_horror" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Lambda Literary Awards winners and nominees for science fiction, fantasy and horror">Lambda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurd_La%C3%9Fwitz_Award" title="Kurd Laßwitz Award">Laßwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award" title="Locus Award">Locus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautilus_Award" title="Nautilus Award">Nautilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award" title="Nebula Award">Nebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nommo_Awards" title="Nommo Awards">Nommo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Norton_Award" title="Andre Norton Award">Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsec_Awards" title="Parsec Awards">Parsec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Award" title="Prometheus Award">Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhysling_Award" title="Rhysling Award">Rhysling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SFERA_Award" title="SFERA Award">SFERA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidewise_Award_for_Alternate_History" title="Sidewise Award for Alternate History">Sidewise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_E._Smith_Memorial_Award" title="Edward E. Smith Memorial Award">Skylark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sturgeon_Award" title="Theodore Sturgeon Award">Sturgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunburst_Award" title="Sunburst Award">Sunburst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A4htivaeltaja_Award" title="Tähtivaeltaja Award">Tähtivaeltaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBD_Science_Fiction_Story_Award" title="TBD Science Fiction Story Award">TBD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tiptree_Jr._Award" class="mw-redirect" title="James Tiptree Jr. Award">Tiptree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Apollo_Award" title="Prix Apollo Award">Tour-Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_%26_Fantasy_Translation_Awards" title="Science Fiction & Fantasy Translation Awards">Translation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urania_Award" title="Urania Award">Urania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Julius_Vogel_Award" title="Sir Julius Vogel Award">Vogel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writers_of_the_Future" class="mw-redirect" title="Writers of the Future">Writers and Illustrators of the Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_A._Zajdel_Award" title="Janusz A. Zajdel Award">Zajdel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multimedia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Awards" title="Aurora Awards">Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandler_Award" title="Chandler Award">Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Awards" title="Dragon Awards">Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiun_Award" title="Seiun Award">Seiun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaylactic_Spectrum_Awards" title="Gaylactic Spectrum Awards">Spectrum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">Film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_fiction_films" title="History of science fiction films">Film history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_science_fiction_films" title="Lists of science fiction films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_films_in_India" title="Science fiction films in India">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_science_fiction" title="Japanese science fiction">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_anime" title="List of science fiction anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comics" title="Science fiction comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_magazine" title="Science fiction magazine">Magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_novels" title="List of science fiction novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_publishers" title="List of science fiction publishers">Publishers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_short_stories" title="List of science fiction short stories">Short stories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_opera" title="Science fiction opera">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_theatre" title="Science fiction theatre">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_on_television" title="Science fiction on television">Television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_television_programs" title="List of science fiction television programs">List of TV shows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_science_fiction_television" title="Australian science fiction television">Australasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_television_science_fiction" title="British television science fiction">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_science_fiction_television" title="Canadian science fiction television">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_on_television#Continental_European_science_fiction_series" title="Science fiction on television">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_science_fiction" title="Japanese science fiction">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_anime" title="List of science fiction anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Live-action</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._television_science_fiction" title="U.S. television science fiction">U.S.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_themes" title="List of science fiction themes">Themes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_architecture" title="Space architecture">Architectural</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_colonization" title="Space colonization">Colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyson_sphere" title="Dyson sphere">Dyson sphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrioshka_brain" title="Matrioshka brain">Matrioshka brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_stations_and_habitats_in_fiction" title="Space stations and habitats in fiction">Space stations and habitats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_engine" title="Stellar engine">Stellar engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terraforming_in_popular_culture" title="Terraforming in popular culture">Terraforming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biology_in_fiction" title="Biology in fiction">Biological</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare_in_popular_culture" title="Biological warfare in popular culture">Biological warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_being" title="Energy being">Energy being</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_in_fiction" title="Evolution in fiction">Evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrials_in_fiction" title="Extraterrestrials in fiction">Extraterrestrials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_fictional_extraterrestrials" title="Lists of fictional extraterrestrials">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_speculative_fiction" title="Gender in speculative fiction">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_engineering_in_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic engineering in science fiction">Genetic engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisibility_in_fiction" title="Invisibility in fiction">Invisibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanotechnology_in_fiction" title="Nanotechnology in fiction">Nanotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_transplantation_in_fiction" title="Organ transplantation in fiction">Organ transplantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasites_in_fiction" title="Parasites in fiction">Parasites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosthetics_in_fiction" title="Prosthetics in fiction">Prosthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction" title="Sex and sexuality in speculative fiction">Sex and sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbiosis_in_fiction" title="Symbiosis in fiction">Symbiosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansible" title="Ansible">Ansible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_holes_in_fiction" title="Black holes in fiction">Black holes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrasolar_planets_in_fiction" title="Extrasolar planets in fiction">Extrasolar planets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_field_(technology)" title="Force field (technology)">Force field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperspace" title="Hyperspace">Hyperspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inertialess_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Inertialess drive">Inertialess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiverse" title="Multiverse">Multiverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_universes_in_fiction" title="Parallel universes in fiction">Parallel universes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_hole" title="Portable hole">Portable hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_travel_in_science_fiction" title="Space travel in science fiction">Space travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stargate_(device)" title="Stargate (device)">Stargate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stars_in_fiction" title="Stars in fiction">Stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleportation_in_fiction" title="Teleportation in fiction">Teleportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_travel_in_fiction" title="Time travel in fiction">Time travel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_viewer" title="Time viewer">Viewer</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warp_drive" title="Warp drive">Warp drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wormholes_in_fiction" title="Wormholes in fiction">Wormhole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Psychological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_mind_(science_fiction)" title="Group mind (science fiction)">Group mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind_uploading_in_fiction" title="Mind uploading in fiction">Mind uploading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psionics" title="Psionics">Psionics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulated_consciousness_in_fiction" title="Simulated consciousness in fiction">Simulated consciousness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africanfuturism" title="Africanfuturism">Africanfuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">Afrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_invasion" title="Alien invasion">Alien invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_language" title="Alien language">Alien language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_astronauts_in_popular_culture" title="Ancient astronauts in popular culture">Ancient astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_science_fiction" title="Black science fiction">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_corporation" title="Evil corporation">Evil corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_contact_(science_fiction)" title="First contact (science fiction)">First contact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_complex" title="Frankenstein complex">Frankenstein complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_empire" title="Galactic empire">Galactic empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_speculative_fiction" title="LGBT themes in speculative fiction">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_from_space_(science_fiction)" title="Message from space (science fiction)">Message from space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanism_in_fiction" title="Transhumanism in fiction">Transhumanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uplift_(science_fiction)" title="Uplift (science fiction)">Uplift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenoarchaeology" title="Xenoarchaeology">Xenoarchaeology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_in_fiction" title="Artificial intelligence in fiction">Artificial intelligence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AI_takeover_in_popular_culture" title="AI takeover in popular culture">AI takeover</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_engineering" title="Astronomical engineering">Astroengineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holography_in_fiction" title="Holography in fiction">Holography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_robots_and_androids" title="List of fictional robots and androids">Robots</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyborgs_in_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyborgs in fiction">Cyborgs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-replicating_machines_in_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-replicating machines in fiction">Self-replicating machines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulated_reality" title="Simulated reality">Simulated reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_spacecraft" title="List of fictional spacecraft">Spacecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachyons_in_fiction" title="Tachyons in fiction">Tachyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapons_in_science_fiction" title="Weapons in science fiction">Weapons</a></li></ul> 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