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.stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Operation Dragon Rouge</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Simba_rebellion" title="Simba rebellion">Simba rebellion</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Congo_Crisis_dead_hostages.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Congo_Crisis_dead_hostages.jpg/300px-Congo_Crisis_dead_hostages.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" 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style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul></div> <b>Supported by:</b><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo"><img alt="Democratic Republic of the Congo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281963%E2%80%931966%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281963%E2%80%931966%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281963%E2%80%931966%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281963%E2%80%931966%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281963%E2%80%931966%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281963%E2%80%931966%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_(L%C3%A9opoldville)" title="Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/23px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/35px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/45px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Simba_rebels" class="mw-redirect" title="Simba rebels">Simba rebels</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> Charles Laurent</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo"><img alt="Democratic Republic of the Congo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281963%E2%80%931966%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281963%E2%80%931966%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281963%E2%80%931966%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281963%E2%80%931966%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281963%E2%80%931966%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281963%E2%80%931966%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Vandewalle" title="Frédéric Vandewalle">Frédéric Vandewalle</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> Burgess Gradwell</li></ul></div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/23px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/35px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/45px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Christophe_Gbenye" title="Christophe Gbenye">Christophe Gbenye</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/23px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/35px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/45px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mulele" title="Pierre Mulele">Pierre Mulele</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> 350 paratroopers<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdom198851_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdom198851-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> 15 C-130 aircraft<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> ~200 Anti-Castro Cuban infantry (CIA sponsored)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott201418_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbott201418-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 500-600 rebels</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 2 killed<br />12 wounded</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 99 killed<br />134 wounded<br />20 captured</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> 24 hostages killed</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Congo_Crisis" title="Template:Campaignbox Congo Crisis"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Congo_Crisis" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Congo Crisis"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Congo_Crisis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Congo Crisis"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Congo_Crisis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Force_Publique_mutinies" title="1960 Force Publique mutinies">Force Publique mutinies</a></li> <li>Secession crisis <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Katanga" title="State of Katanga">Katanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Kasai" title="South Kasai">South Kasai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_South_Kasai" title="Invasion of South Kasai">Invasion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Free Republic of the Congo">Congo-Stanleyville</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Operation_in_the_Congo" title="United Nations Operation in the Congo">UN intervention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Rum_Punch" title="Operation Rum Punch"><i>Rum Punch</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niemba_ambush" title="Niemba ambush">Niemba ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kabalo" title="Battle of Kabalo">Battle of Kabalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jadotville" title="Siege of Jadotville">Jadotville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Unokat" title="Operation Unokat"><i>UNOKAT</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Camp_Massart" title="Attack on Camp Massart">Camp Massart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Grandslam" title="Operation Grandslam"><i>Grandslam</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindu_atrocity" title="Kindu atrocity">Kindu atrocity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Francqui_incident" title="Port Francqui incident">Port Francqui incident</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanyarwanda_War" title="Kanyarwanda War">Kanyarwanda War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwilu_rebellion" title="Kwilu rebellion">Kwilu rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simba_rebellion" title="Simba rebellion">Simba rebellion</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Dragon Rouge</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Dragon_Noir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Dragon Noir (page does not exist)"><i>Dragon Noir</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_White_Giant" title="Operation White Giant"><i>White Giant</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Violettes_Imperiales" title="Operation Violettes Imperiales"><i>Violettes Imperiales</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_South" title="Operation South"><i>South</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b>Other major events</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Lumumba_Government" title="Dissolution of the Lumumba Government">Dissolution of the Lumumba Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba#Final_days_and_assassination" title="Patrice Lumumba">Torture and killing of Lumumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Dag Hammarskjöld">Death of Dag Hammarskjöld</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p><b>Operation Dragon Rouge</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Opération Dragon Rouge</i>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ɔpeɾasjõ<span class="wrap"> </span>dɾagõ<span class="wrap"> </span>ɾuʒə]</a></span>, meaning "Operation Red Dragon") was a <a href="/wiki/Hostage_rescue" class="mw-redirect" title="Hostage rescue">hostage rescue</a> operation in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_(L%C3%A9opoldville)" title="Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> conducted jointly by Belgium and the United States in 1964. The operation was led by the Belgian <a href="/wiki/Immediate_Reaction_Cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Immediate Reaction Cell">Paracommando Regiment</a> to rescue hostages held by <a href="/wiki/Simba_rebels" class="mw-redirect" title="Simba rebels">Simba rebels</a> in the city of <a href="/wiki/Kisangani" title="Kisangani">Stanleyville</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Dragon_Rouge&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Simba_rebellion" title="Simba rebellion">Simba rebellion</a></div> <p>By 1964, the Léopoldville government, supported by Western powers, was gaining a foothold in its fight to suppress the communist-backed <a href="/wiki/Simba_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Simba Rebellion">Simba rebellion</a>. Fearing an inevitable defeat, the rebels resorted to taking hostages of the local white population in areas under their control. On 28 October the Simba rebels arrested all Belgians and Americans in Stanleyville.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdom198840_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdom198840-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several hundred hostages were taken to Stanleyville and placed under guard in the Victoria Hotel. </p><p>The Léopoldville government turned to Belgium and the United States for help. In response, the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Land_Component" title="Belgian Land Component">Belgian army</a> sent a task force to Léopoldville, airlifted by the <a href="/wiki/322d_Air_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="322d Air Division">U.S. 322nd Air Division</a>. Washington and Brussels worked jointly on a rescue plan. Several ideas were considered and discarded, and all attempts at negotiating with the Simbas had failed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation">Operation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Dragon_Rouge&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Belgian task force was led by Colonel Charles Laurent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdom198846_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdom198846-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the early morning of 24 November 1964, five American <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">C-130 Hercules</a> planes dropped 320 Belgian paratroopers of the <a href="/wiki/Immediate_Reaction_Cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Immediate Reaction Cell">Paracommando Regiment</a> onto the airfield at <a href="/wiki/Kisangani" title="Kisangani">Stanleyville</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdom198851_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdom198851-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once the paratroopers had secured the airfield and cleared the runway they made their way to the Victoria Hotel, prevented Simbas from killing most of the 60 hostages, and evacuated them via the airfield. </p><p>At 7:00 hrs, the hostages at Residence Victoria were rounded up by the Simba guards and ordered into the street. Around 50 of them had barricaded themselves in their rooms, after having heard the order on Radio Stanleyville at 6:30 to kill all foreigners, but most obediently moved into the street, as they were heading for the airfield. After a short march, when the Simba rebels got word that the airport of Stanleyville was now under Belgian control, the hostages were ordered to sit down in the street.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdom198894_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdom198894-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a few minutes, when heavy firing was heard nearby, some of the Simbas opened fire on the seated Belgians and Americans. The Paracommandos intervened and stabilized the situation by killing and/or driving away the Simbas. Of the 250 hostages gathered by the rebels, 18 were dead, and 40 were heavily wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdom198894_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdom198894-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Paul_Carlson" title="Paul Carlson">Paul Carlson</a>, an American medical missionary, was among those killed during the raid.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdom1988102_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdom1988102-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 1,600 foreign nationals and 150 Congolese civilians were evacuated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdom1988180_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdom1988180-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWagoner1980182_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagoner1980182-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the direct victims during the raid, several others were killed as a reaction to the arrival of the Belgian troops. Among these victims were many <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionaries</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Dox" title="Pieter Dox">Dox brothers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By mid-December, about one month after Operation Dragon Rouge, a total of 185 foreign hostages left behind in various Simba controlled areas of the Congo, along with a few thousand Congolese civilians, had been executed by the Simba rebels.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWagoner1980198_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagoner1980198-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Dragon_Rouge&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The operation coincided with the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo"><i>Armée nationale congolaise</i></a> (ANC) and other foreign mercenary units—which likely included the hastily-formed <a href="/w/index.php?title=5th_Mechanised_Brigade_(Congo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5th Mechanised Brigade (Congo) (page does not exist)">5th Mechanised Brigade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mike_Hoare" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike Hoare">Mike Hoare</a>'s <a href="/wiki/5_Commando_(Congo)" class="mw-redirect" title="5 Commando (Congo)">5 Commando</a>—at Stanleyville, which was quickly captured. Because of growing international pressure, Belgium and the U.S. decided to abandon plans for follow-on operations in Bunia and Watsa. A second rescue operation, Operation Dragon Noir, was carried out in <a href="/wiki/Isiro" title="Isiro">Paulis</a> on 26 November.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdom1988122_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdom1988122-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It took the central government until the end of the year to completely put down the remaining areas of the Simba rebellion. </p><p>Despite the success of the raid, <a href="/wiki/Moise_Tshombe" class="mw-redirect" title="Moise Tshombe">Moise Tshombe</a>'s prestige was damaged by the joint Belgian–U.S. operation which saw white mercenaries and Western forces intervene once again in the Congo. In particular, Tshombe lost the support of President <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kasa-Vubu" title="Joseph Kasa-Vubu">Joseph Kasa-Vubu</a> and Chief of the Army <a href="/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko">Joseph-Desiré Mobutu</a>. Tshombe was dismissed from his post as prime minister in October 1965.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In Burundi, protests occurred outside the Belgian and United States embassies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinstein1976258_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinstein1976258-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Dragon_Rouge&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuanten2014109-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuanten2014109_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuanten2014">Quanten 2014</a>, p. 109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdom198851-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdom198851_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdom198851_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdom1988">Odom 1988</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbott201418-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbott201418_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbbott2014">Abbott (2014)</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdom198840-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdom198840_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdom1988">Odom 1988</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdom198846-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdom198846_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdom1988">Odom 1988</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdom198894-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdom198894_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdom198894_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdom1988">Odom 1988</a>, p. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdom1988102-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdom1988102_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdom1988">Odom 1988</a>, p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdom1988180-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdom1988180_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdom1988">Odom 1988</a>, p. 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagoner1980182-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWagoner1980182_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWagoner1980">Wagoner 1980</a>, p. 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLamberigtsde_CaluweMilh2016" class="citation book cs1">Lamberigts, Mathijs; de Caluwe, Mark; Milh, Anton (2016). <i>Predikbroeders in woord en daad : Dominicanen in Vlaanderen in de twintigste eeuw</i> (first ed.). Halewijn. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-8528-393-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-8528-393-5"><bdi>978-90-8528-393-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Predikbroeders+in+woord+en+daad+%3A+Dominicanen+in+Vlaanderen+in+de+twintigste+eeuw&rft.pages=98&rft.edition=first&rft.pub=Halewijn&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-90-8528-393-5&rft.aulast=Lamberigts&rft.aufirst=Mathijs&rft.au=de+Caluwe%2C+Mark&rft.au=Milh%2C+Anton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Dragon+Rouge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagoner1980198-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWagoner1980198_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWagoner1980">Wagoner 1980</a>, p. 198.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOdom1988122-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOdom1988122_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOdom1988">Odom 1988</a>, p. 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeinstein1976258-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeinstein1976258_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeinstein1976">Weinstein 1976</a>, p. 258.</span> </li> </ol></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vandewalle was a Belgian national, but was personally asked by Prime Minister Tshombe to become his personal military adviser on 5 August 1964 and, later, take the command to retake the rebellious region.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuanten2014109_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuanten2014109-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Dragon_Rouge&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbott2014" class="citation book cs1">Abbott, Peter (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j6ajCwAAQBAJ"><i>Modern African Wars (4): The Congo 1960–2002</i></a>. Oxford; New York City: <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78200-076-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78200-076-1"><bdi>978-1-78200-076-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230111170046/https://books.google.com/books?id=j6ajCwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-01-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+African+Wars+%284%29%3A+The+Congo+1960%E2%80%932002&rft.place=Oxford%3B+New+York+City&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-78200-076-1&rft.aulast=Abbott&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj6ajCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Dragon+Rouge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClosset1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Closset, A. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181029030834/http://mukanda.univ-lorraine.fr/biblio/closset-andre-col-hon-bem-les-compagnons-de-lommegang-stanleyville-1964-preface-de-patrick"><i>Les Compagnons de l'Ommegang</i></a> (in French). Avin-en-Hesbaye: Aronde. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/123907589">123907589</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mukanda.univ-lorraine.fr/biblio/closset-andre-col-hon-bem-les-compagnons-de-lommegang-stanleyville-1964-preface-de-patrick">the original</a> on 2018-10-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Compagnons+de+l%27Ommegang&rft.place=Avin-en-Hesbaye&rft.pub=Aronde&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F123907589&rft.aulast=Closset&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmukanda.univ-lorraine.fr%2Fbiblio%2Fclosset-andre-col-hon-bem-les-compagnons-de-lommegang-stanleyville-1964-preface-de-patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Dragon+Rouge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEwing1965" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Ewing, J. R. (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/rms-archive/V50/V50-Mags/Airman/Airman_1965_11.pdf">"Congo Rescue"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Airman_Magazine" title="Airman Magazine">The Airman</a></i>. Vol. IX. No. 11. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">GPO</a>. pp. 10–13. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-2756">0002-2756</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220213152800/https://s3.amazonaws.com/rms-archive/V50/V50-Mags/Airman/Airman_1965_11.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-02-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Airman&rft.atitle=Congo+Rescue&rft.volume=IX.+No.+11&rft.pages=10-13&rft.date=1965&rft.issn=0002-2756&rft.aulast=Ewing&rft.aufirst=J.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fs3.amazonaws.com%2Frms-archive%2FV50%2FV50-Mags%2FAirman%2FAirman_1965_11.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Dragon+Rouge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoyt2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hoyt" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Hoyt">Hoyt, M. P. E.</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fk1zAAAAMAAJ"><i>Captive in the Congo: a Consul's Return to the Heart of Darkness</i></a>. Annapolis: <a href="/wiki/Naval_Institute_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Institute Press">Naval Institute Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781557503237" title="Special:BookSources/9781557503237"><bdi>9781557503237</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Captive+in+the+Congo%3A+a+Consul%27s+Return+to+the+Heart+of+Darkness&rft.place=Annapolis&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9781557503237&rft.aulast=Hoyt&rft.aufirst=M.+P.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dfk1zAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Dragon+Rouge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNothomb1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nothomb, P. (1993). <i>Dans Stanleyville: Journal d'une Prise d'Otage</i> (in French). Louvain-la-Neuve: Duculot. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/716112136">716112136</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dans+Stanleyville%3A+Journal+d%27une+Prise+d%27Otage&rft.place=Louvain-la-Neuve&rft.pub=Duculot&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F716112136&rft.aulast=Nothomb&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Dragon+Rouge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOdom1988" class="citation book cs1">Odom, T. P. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/102212379"><i>Dragon Operations: Hostage Rescues in the Congo 1964-1965</i></a>. Leavenworth papers, No. 14. Fort Leavenworth: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Combined_Arms_Center" title="United States Army Combined Arms Center">CSI Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780160016950" title="Special:BookSources/9780160016950"><bdi>9780160016950</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0195-3451">0195-3451</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/58396475">58396475</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dragon+Operations%3A+Hostage+Rescues+in+the+Congo+1964-1965&rft.place=Fort+Leavenworth&rft.series=Leavenworth+papers%2C+No.+14&rft.pub=CSI+Press&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F58396475&rft.issn=0195-3451&rft.isbn=9780160016950&rft.aulast=Odom&rft.aufirst=T.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F102212379&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Dragon+Rouge" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/odom/odom.asp">Web version</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090403174529/http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/odom/odom.asp">Dragon Operations: Hostage Rescues in the Congo, 1964-1965</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 2009-04-03)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuanten2014" class="citation book cs1">Quanten, Kris (2014). <i>Operatie rode draak: De bevrijding van 1800 blanken door Belgische para's in Congo in 1964</i>. Antwerp: Manteau.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operatie+rode+draak%3A+De+bevrijding+van+1800+blanken+door+Belgische+para%27s+in+Congo+in+1964&rft.place=Antwerp&rft.pub=Manteau&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Quanten&rft.aufirst=Kris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Dragon+Rouge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReed1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_E._Reed" title="David E. Reed">Reed, D. E.</a> (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001259686"><i>One Hundred and Eleven Days in Stanleyville</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Harper_%26_Row" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper & Row">Harper & Row</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/860117853">860117853</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Hundred+and+Eleven+Days+in+Stanleyville&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F860117853&rft.aulast=Reed&rft.aufirst=D.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F001259686&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Dragon+Rouge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVandewalle1970" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Vandewalle" title="Frédéric Vandewalle">Vandewalle, F.</a> (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t_cMAQAAIAAJ"><i>Odyssée et Reconquête de Stanleyville</i></a> (in French). Brussels: Le Livre Africain. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/586066343">586066343</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231115105615/https://books.google.com/books?id=t_cMAQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-11-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Odyss%C3%A9e+et+Reconqu%C3%AAte+de+Stanleyville&rft.place=Brussels&rft.pub=Le+Livre+Africain&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F586066343&rft.aulast=Vandewalle&rft.aufirst=F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt_cMAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Dragon+Rouge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerhaegen1967" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Verhaegen" title="Benoît Verhaegen">Verhaegen, B.</a> (1967). "Les rébellions populaires au Congo en 1964". <i><a href="/wiki/Cahiers_d%27%C3%89tudes_Africaines" title="Cahiers d'Études Africaines">Cah. Études Afr.</a></i> (in French). <b>7</b> (26): 345–59. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fcea.1967.3100">10.3406/cea.1967.3100</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cah.+%C3%89tudes+Afr.&rft.atitle=Les+r%C3%A9bellions+populaires+au+Congo+en+1964&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=26&rft.pages=345-59&rft.date=1967&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fcea.1967.3100&rft.aulast=Verhaegen&rft.aufirst=B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Dragon+Rouge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVillafana2011" class="citation book cs1">Villafana, F. R. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Audrt8ePNNAC"><i>Cold War in the Congo: The Confrontation of Cuban Military Forces</i></a>. Piscataway: <a href="/wiki/Transaction_Publishers" title="Transaction Publishers">Transaction</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781412815222" title="Special:BookSources/9781412815222"><bdi>9781412815222</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cold+War+in+the+Congo%3A+The+Confrontation+of+Cuban+Military+Forces&rft.place=Piscataway&rft.pub=Transaction&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781412815222&rft.aulast=Villafana&rft.aufirst=F.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAudrt8ePNNAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Dragon+Rouge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagoner1980" class="citation book cs1">Wagoner, F. E. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000763133"><i>Dragon Rouge: The Rescue of Hostages in the Congo</i></a>. Fort Belvoir: <a href="/wiki/Defense_Technical_Information_Center" title="Defense Technical Information Center">DTIC</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1017224836">1017224836</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181029031041/https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000763133">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-10-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dragon+Rouge%3A+The+Rescue+of+Hostages+in+the+Congo&rft.place=Fort+Belvoir&rft.pub=DTIC&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1017224836&rft.aulast=Wagoner&rft.aufirst=F.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F000763133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Dragon+Rouge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinstein1976" class="citation book cs1">Weinstein, Warren (1976). <i>Historical Dictionary of Burundi</i>. Metuchen: Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810809628" title="Special:BookSources/9780810809628"><bdi>9780810809628</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Burundi&rft.place=Metuchen&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=9780810809628&rft.aulast=Weinstein&rft.aufirst=Warren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Dragon+Rouge" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Dragon_Rouge&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Operation_Dragon_Rouge" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Operation Dragon Rouge">Operation Dragon Rouge</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lalibre.be/actu/international/il-y-a-50-ans-a-stanleyville-la-plus-grande-prise-d-otages-du-20e-siecle-53dde2ac35702004f7db4802">Il y a 50 ans, à Stanleyville</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/La_Libre_Belgique" title="La Libre Belgique">La Libre Belgique</a></i>, 3 August 2014 <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Congo_Crisis_(1960–1965)" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Congo_Crisis_footer" title="Template:Congo Crisis footer"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Congo_Crisis_footer" title="Template talk:Congo Crisis footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Congo_Crisis_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Congo Crisis footer"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Congo_Crisis_(1960–1965)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a> (1960–1965)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:center;">Political leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cyrille_Adoula" title="Cyrille Adoula">Cyrille Adoula</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egide_Bocheley-Davidson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egide Bocheley-Davidson (page does not exist)">Egide Bocheley-Davidson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Eyskens" title="Gaston Eyskens">Gaston Eyskens</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Gbenye" title="Christophe Gbenye">Christophe Gbenye</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" title="Dag Hammarskjöld">Dag Hammarskjöld</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Kalonji" title="Albert Kalonji">Albert Kalonji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kasa-Vubu" title="Joseph Kasa-Vubu">Joseph Kasa-Vubu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9o_Lef%C3%A8vre" title="Théo Lefèvre">Théo Lefèvre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba">Patrice Lumumba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko">Joseph-Désiré Mobutu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mulele" title="Pierre Mulele">Pierre Mulele</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaston_Soumialot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaston Soumialot (page does not exist)">Gaston Soumialot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/U_Thant" title="U Thant">U Thant</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mo%C3%AFse_Tshombe" title="Moïse Tshombe">Moïse Tshombe</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:center;">Congolese<br />government forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Congolese_National_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Congolese National Army">Armée Nationale Congolaise (ANC)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:center;">Rebel forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Katangese_Gendarmerie" title="Katangese Gendarmerie">Katangese Gendarmerie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_Kasai" title="South Kasai">South Kasai forces</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simba_rebellion" title="Simba rebellion">Armée Populaire de Libération ("Simbas")</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:center;">UN contingent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Operation_in_the_Congo" title="United Nations Operation in the Congo">United Nations Operation in the Congo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Operation_in_the_Congo#Canadian_Army_involvement" title="United Nations Operation in the Congo">Canada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Operation_in_the_Congo#Irish_Army_involvement" title="United Nations Operation in the Congo">Ireland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Operation_in_the_Congo#Swedish_Army_involvement" title="United Nations Operation in the Congo">Sweden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Operation_in_the_Congo#Indian_Army_leadership_and_involvement" title="United Nations Operation in the Congo">India</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Operation_in_the_Congo#Ethiopia" title="United Nations Operation in the Congo">Ethiopia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Operation_in_the_Congo#Ghana,_Nigeria,_Egypt" title="United Nations Operation in the Congo">Ghana, Nigeria and Egypt</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:center;">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CIA_activities_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="CIA activities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">CIA</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:center;">Belgian /<br />mercenary units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/White_mercenaries_in_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="White mercenaries in the Congo">White mercenaries</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2nd_Commando_Battalion_(Belgium)" title="2nd Commando Battalion (Belgium)">2nd Commando Battalion (Belgium)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/4th_Commando_Battalion_(Belgium)" title="4th Commando Battalion (Belgium)">4th Commando Battalion (Belgium)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Commando_Battalion_(Belgium)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Commando Battalion (Belgium) (page does not exist)">6th Commando Battalion (Belgium)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Legion_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="White Legion (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (page does not exist)">White Legion (Compagnie Internationale)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=5_Mechanised_Brigade_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5 Mechanised Brigade (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (page does not exist)">5 Mechanised Brigade</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/4_Commando_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="4 Commando (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">4 Commando</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/5_Commando_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="5 Commando (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">5 Commando</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/6_Commando_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="6 Commando (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">6 Commando</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=9_Commando_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="9 Commando (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (page does not exist)">9 Commando</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=11_Commando_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11 Commando (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (page does not exist)">11 Commando</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=12_Commando_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="12 Commando (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (page does not exist)">12 Commando</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=13_Commando_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13 Commando (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (page does not exist)">13 Commando</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=14_Commando_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14 Commando (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (page does not exist)">14 Commando</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=15_Commando_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="15 Commando (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (page does not exist)">15 Commando</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=211_Makasi_Squadron_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="211 Makasi Squadron (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (page does not exist)">211th Makasi Squadron</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuban_Exile_Naval_Force&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuban Exile Naval Force (page does not exist)">Cuban Exile Naval Force</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:center;">Commanders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">United Nations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conor_Cruise_O%27Brien" title="Conor Cruise O'Brien">Conor Cruise O'Brien</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/K.A.S._Raja" title="K.A.S. Raja">K.A.S. Raja</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Prem_Chand" title="Dewan Prem Chand">Dewan Prem Chand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pat_Quinlan_(Irish_Army_officer)" title="Pat Quinlan (Irish Army officer)">Pat Quinlan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Congolese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bobozo" title="Louis Bobozo">Louis Bobozo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mobutu_Sese_Seko" title="Mobutu Sese Seko">Joseph-Désiré Mobutu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norbert_Moke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norbert Moke (page does not exist)">Norbert Moke</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Belgian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Marie_Cr%C3%A8vecoeur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Marie Crèvecoeur (page does not exist)">Jean-Marie Crèvecoeur</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Cr%C3%A8vecoeur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jules Crèvecoeur (page does not exist)">Jules Crèvecoeur</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Goosens" title="Marc Goosens">Marc Goosens</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Schramme" title="Jean Schramme">Jean Schramme</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Vandewalle" title="Frédéric Vandewalle">Frédéric Vandewalle</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Mercenary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Denard" title="Bob Denard">Bob Denard</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Faulques" title="Roger Faulques">Roger Faulques</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Gardien_(mercenary)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Gardien (mercenary) (page does not exist)">Charles Gardien</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Germani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Germani (page does not exist)">Hans Germani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mad_Mike_Hoare" title="Mad Mike Hoare">Mike Hoare</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Fauntleroy_Julian" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubert Fauntleroy Julian">Hubert Fauntleroy Julian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Malloch" title="Jack Malloch">Jack Malloch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_M%C3%BCller_(mercenary)" title="Siegfried Müller (mercenary)">Siegfried Müller</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Peters_(mercenary)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Peters (mercenary) (page does not exist)">John Peters</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerry_Puren_(mercenary)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerry Puren (mercenary) (page does not exist)">Jerry Puren</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Trinquier" title="Roger Trinquier">Roger Trinquier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_van_Oppen_(Mercenary)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh van Oppen (Mercenary) (page does not exist)">Hugh van Oppen</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Devlin" title="Larry Devlin">Larry Devlin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_%22Rip%22_Robertson" title="William "Rip" Robertson">William "Rip" Robertson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Che_Guevara#African_Congo" title="Che Guevara">Che Guevara</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:center;">Main operations /<br />battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1960_Force_Publique_mutinies" title="1960 Force Publique mutinies">Force Publique mutinies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Secession crisis</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Katanga" title="State of Katanga">Katanga</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_Kasai" title="South Kasai">South Kasai</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_South_Kasai" title="Invasion of South Kasai">Invasion</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Free Republic of the Congo">Congo-Stanleyville</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Operation_in_the_Congo" title="United Nations Operation in the Congo">UN intervention</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Rum_Punch" title="Operation Rum Punch"><i>Rum Punch</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Niemba_ambush" title="Niemba ambush">Niemba ambush</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kabalo" title="Battle of Kabalo">Battle of Kabalo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jadotville" title="Siege of Jadotville">Jadotville</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Unokat" title="Operation Unokat"><i>UNOKAT</i></a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Camp_Massart" title="Attack on Camp Massart">Camp Massart</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Grandslam" title="Operation Grandslam"><i>Grandslam</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kindu_atrocity" title="Kindu atrocity">Kindu atrocity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Port_Francqui_incident" title="Port Francqui incident">Port Francqui incident</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kanyarwanda_War" title="Kanyarwanda War">Kanyarwanda War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kwilu_rebellion" title="Kwilu rebellion">Kwilu rebellion</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simba_rebellion" title="Simba rebellion">Simba rebellion</a> </span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Dragon Rouge</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Dragon_Noir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Dragon Noir (page does not exist)"><i>Dragon Noir</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_White_Giant" title="Operation White Giant"><i>White Giant</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Violettes_Imperiales" title="Operation Violettes Imperiales"><i>Violettes Imperiales</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_South" title="Operation South"><i>South</i></a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanleyville_mutinies" title="Stanleyville mutinies">Stanleyville mutinies</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:center;">Other major events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Lumumba_Government" title="Dissolution of the Lumumba Government">Dissolution of the Lumumba Government</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba#Final_days_and_execution" title="Patrice Lumumba">Torture and killing of Lumumba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Dag Hammarskjöld">Death of Dag Hammarskjöld</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgian_general_strike_of_1960%E2%80%931961" title="Belgian general strike of 1960–1961">Belgian general strike of 1960–1961</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decolonisation_of_Africa" title="Decolonisation of Africa">Decolonisation of Africa</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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