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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arrival_of_the_Portuguese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arrival_of_the_Portuguese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Arrival of the Portuguese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arrival_of_the_Portuguese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Established_trading_base" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Established_trading_base"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Established trading base</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Established_trading_base-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Piracy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Piracy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Piracy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Piracy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slavery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slavery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Slavery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slavery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>End of settlement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_settlements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_settlements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Other settlements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_settlements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spreading_of_Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spreading_of_Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Spreading of Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spreading_of_Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portuguese_attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portuguese_attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Portuguese attractions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portuguese_attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" 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.mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Grand Harbor of Bengal</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Porto Grande de Bengala</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1528–1666</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Portugal_(1521).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Portuguese settlement in Chittagong"><img alt="Flag of Portuguese settlement in Chittagong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Portugal_%281521%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281521%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Portugal_%281521%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281521%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Portugal_%281521%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281521%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div><div style="padding: 2px 0px 3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Portugal_(1640).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_Portugal_%281640%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281640%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_Portugal_%281640%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281640%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_Portugal_%281640%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281640%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Portugal" title="Flag of Portugal">Top: Flag of Portugal (1521-1578)</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Portugal" title="Flag of Portugal">Bottom: Flag of Portugal (1640-1667)</a><br /></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bras%C3%A3o_de_armas_do_reino_de_Portugal_(1485).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Portuguese settlement in Chittagong"><img alt="Coat of arms of Portuguese settlement in Chittagong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Bras%C3%A3o_de_armas_do_reino_de_Portugal_%281485%29.svg/85px-Bras%C3%A3o_de_armas_do_reino_de_Portugal_%281485%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Bras%C3%A3o_de_armas_do_reino_de_Portugal_%281485%29.svg/128px-Bras%C3%A3o_de_armas_do_reino_de_Portugal_%281485%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Bras%C3%A3o_de_armas_do_reino_de_Portugal_%281485%29.svg/170px-Bras%C3%A3o_de_armas_do_reino_de_Portugal_%281485%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="479" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Portugal" title="Coat of arms of Portugal">Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Portuguese_India.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Portuguese Chittagong (at top right corner) with other Portuguese settlements in India"><img alt="Portuguese Chittagong (at top right corner) with other Portuguese settlements in India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Map_of_Portuguese_India.png/250px-Map_of_Portuguese_India.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Map_of_Portuguese_India.png/375px-Map_of_Portuguese_India.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Map_of_Portuguese_India.png/500px-Map_of_Portuguese_India.png 2x" data-file-width="1709" data-file-height="1404" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Portuguese Chittagong (at top right corner) with other <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese settlements</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indian_Subcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Subcontinent">India</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Trading post</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Firingi_Bunder" class="mw-redirect" title="Firingi Bunder">Firingi Bunder</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Portuguese_monarchs" title="List of Portuguese monarchs">King of Portugal</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1528-1557 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_III_of_Portugal" title="John III of Portugal">John III</a> (first)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1656-1666 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Afonso_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Afonso VI">Afonso VI</a> (last)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Permission from the <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate" title="Bengal Sultanate">Bengal Sultanate</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1528</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Mughal_annexation_of_Chittagong" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal annexation of Chittagong">Mughal annexation</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1666</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate" title="Bengal Sultanate">Bengal Sultanate</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mrauk_U" title="Kingdom of Mrauk U">Kingdom of Mrauk U</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a>, the second largest city and main port of <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, was home to a thriving <a href="/wiki/Trading_post" title="Trading post">trading post</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire_in_the_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Empire in the East">Portuguese Empire in the East</a> in the 16th and 17th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERahman201024_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERahman201024-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Portuguese first arrived in Chittagong around 1528,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhaduri201322_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhaduri201322-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and left in 1666<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrudySalkin1994188_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrudySalkin1994188-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> conquest.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEaton1996235_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEaton1996235-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the first European colonial enclave in the historic region of <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasgupta2005258_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasgupta2005258-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Chittagong" title="Port of Chittagong">Chittagong</a> was the largest seaport in the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Bengal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Bengal">Sultanate of Bengal</a>, which was termed as the "Shahi Bangalah" (Imperial Bengal) in Persian and Bengali. The Portuguese referred to the port city as <i>Porto Grande de Bengala</i>, which meant "the Grand Harbor of Bengal". The term was often simplified as <i>Porto Grande</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendirattaRossa2015_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendirattaRossa2015-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Chittagong" title="History of Chittagong">History of Chittagong</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arrival_of_the_Portuguese">Arrival of the Portuguese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Arrival of the Portuguese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bengale_Tir%C3%A9_de_%22Oud_en_nieuw_Oost-Indien%22_par_Fran%C3%A7ois_Valentyn_(1724-26).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bengale_Tir%C3%A9_de_%22Oud_en_nieuw_Oost-Indien%22_par_Fran%C3%A7ois_Valentyn_%281724-26%29.jpg/250px-Bengale_Tir%C3%A9_de_%22Oud_en_nieuw_Oost-Indien%22_par_Fran%C3%A7ois_Valentyn_%281724-26%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bengale_Tir%C3%A9_de_%22Oud_en_nieuw_Oost-Indien%22_par_Fran%C3%A7ois_Valentyn_%281724-26%29.jpg/375px-Bengale_Tir%C3%A9_de_%22Oud_en_nieuw_Oost-Indien%22_par_Fran%C3%A7ois_Valentyn_%281724-26%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Bengale_Tir%C3%A9_de_%22Oud_en_nieuw_Oost-Indien%22_par_Fran%C3%A7ois_Valentyn_%281724-26%29.jpg/500px-Bengale_Tir%C3%A9_de_%22Oud_en_nieuw_Oost-Indien%22_par_Fran%C3%A7ois_Valentyn_%281724-26%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3150" data-file-height="1873" /></a><figcaption>Early Dutch map of Bengal</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Minar-of-portuguese-bhaban-5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Minar-of-portuguese-bhaban-5.jpg/220px-Minar-of-portuguese-bhaban-5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Minar-of-portuguese-bhaban-5.jpg/330px-Minar-of-portuguese-bhaban-5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Minar-of-portuguese-bhaban-5.jpg/440px-Minar-of-portuguese-bhaban-5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="722" /></a><figcaption>The first court building of Chittagong known as <i>Darul Adalat</i> located in <a href="/wiki/Government_Hazi_Mohammad_Mohshin_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Hazi Mohammad Mohshin College">Government Hazi Mohammad Mohshin College</a> is a testimony of the Portuguese settlement.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 9 May 1518, a fleet of four ships commanded by <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_da_Silveira" title="João da Silveira">João da Silveira</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Estado_da_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Estado da India">Estado da India</a> arrived in <a href="/wiki/Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a> from <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERay2012_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERay2012-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were followed by several <a href="/wiki/Embassies" class="mw-redirect" title="Embassies">embassies</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a> to the Sultanate of Bengal, then reputed as the wealthiest region in the Indian subcontinent. He set up the first Portuguese factory in Bengal at Chittagong in 1517.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasgupta2005259_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasgupta2005259-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traders from <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Malacca" title="Portuguese Malacca">Portuguese Malacca</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Bombay_under_Portuguese_rule_(1534-1661)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Bombay under Portuguese rule (1534-1661)">Bombay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Ceylon" title="Portuguese Ceylon">Ceylon</a> also frequented the region.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERay2012_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERay2012-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some sources indicate that Joao Coelho had arrived in Chittagong before João da Silveira. Many Malaccan Portuguese had come to the Bengal before Silveira in <a href="/wiki/Moorish" class="mw-redirect" title="Moorish">Moorish</a> ships as traders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWallcousins1993169_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWallcousins1993169-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, some of the Portuguese settled in Pipli (present day <a href="/wiki/Orissa,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Orissa, India">Orissa</a>) in 1514 and had visited Western Bengal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Established_trading_base">Established trading base</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Established trading base"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1528, the <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Bengal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan of Bengal">Sultan of Bengal</a> permitted the Portuguese to establish factories and <a href="/wiki/Customs_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Customs house">customs houses</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Chittagong" title="Port of Chittagong">Port of Chittagong</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERay2012_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERay2012-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fort and naval base was established in Firingi Bandar. The settlement grew into the most prominent Eurasian port on the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Discovery" title="Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamerini2014_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamerini2014-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>cartaz</i> system was introduced and required all ships in the area to purchase naval trading licenses from the Portuguese.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGin2004870_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGin2004870-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson200678_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson200678-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1590, the Portuguese conquered the nearby islands of <a href="/wiki/Sandwip" title="Sandwip">Sandwip</a> under the leadership of António de Sousa Godinho.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhaduri201323_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhaduri201323-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1602, the Sandwip island of Chittagong was conquered by the Portuguese from Kedar Rai of Sripur.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMandal200344_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMandal200344-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Portuguese pirates, named Gonçalves and Carvalho, ruled the island of Sandwip for several years. Each year about 300 salt loaded ships sailed for Liverpool from Sandwip. Sandwip was very famous for its <a href="/wiki/Ship-building" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship-building">ship-building</a> and salt industries at that time. In 1616, after the arrival of Delwar Khan, a high-ranking Mughal naval officer, the Portuguese pirates were driven away from Sandwip and Delwar Khan ruled the island independently for about 50 years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Guardian_Editorial2013_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Guardian_Editorial2013-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The harbour of Chittagong became the most important port to the Portuguese because of its location, navigational facilities and safe anchorage. The port is very close to the mouth of the Meghna which was the principal route to the <a href="/wiki/Gau%E1%B8%8Da_(city)" title="Gauḍa (city)">Royal capital of Gouda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELahore_University2007_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELahore_University2007-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Evidently the Portuguese found Chittagong a congenial place to live. By the end of the sixteenth century, the <a href="/wiki/Chittagong_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Chittagong port">Chittagong port</a> had emerged as a thriving port, which attracted both unofficial Portuguese trade and settlement. According to a 1567 note of Caesar Federeci, every year thirty or thirty five ships, great and small, anchored in Chittagong port.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoy200712_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoy200712-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1598 there lived about 2,500 Portuguese and Eurasians in Chittagong and Arakan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHasan2012125_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHasan2012125-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamerini2014_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamerini2014-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The increased commercial presence included <a href="/wiki/Bureaucrat" title="Bureaucrat">bureaucrats</a>, merchants, <a href="/wiki/Missionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Missionaries">missionaries</a>, soldiers, adventurers, sailors and <a href="/wiki/Pirate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirate">pirates</a>. The enclave had a highly <a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire" title="Laissez-faire">laissez-faire</a> administration led by traders. <a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery" title="History of slavery">Slave trade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Piracy" title="Piracy">piracy</a> flourished.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERay2012_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERay2012-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major traded products included fine silk, cotton <a href="/wiki/Muslin" title="Muslin">muslin</a> textiles, <a href="/wiki/Bullion" title="Bullion">bullion</a>, spices, rice, timber, salt and <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">gunpowder</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mughal-Arakanese_battle_on_the_Karnaphuli_river_in_1666.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Mughal-Arakanese_battle_on_the_Karnaphuli_river_in_1666.jpg/247px-Mughal-Arakanese_battle_on_the_Karnaphuli_river_in_1666.jpg" decoding="async" width="247" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Mughal-Arakanese_battle_on_the_Karnaphuli_river_in_1666.jpg/371px-Mughal-Arakanese_battle_on_the_Karnaphuli_river_in_1666.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Mughal-Arakanese_battle_on_the_Karnaphuli_river_in_1666.jpg/494px-Mughal-Arakanese_battle_on_the_Karnaphuli_river_in_1666.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2969" data-file-height="1766" /></a><figcaption>A painting indicating the battle between the Arakanese and the <a href="/wiki/Mughals" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughals">Mughals</a> in <a href="/wiki/Karnaphuli_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Karnaphuli River">Karnaphuli River</a> in 1666 in which, the Mughal received help from the Portuguese.</figcaption></figure><p>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> was established in Bengal during Portuguese rule in Chittagong. The port city was the seat of the first <a href="/wiki/Vicar_Apostolic" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicar Apostolic">Vicar Apostolic</a> of Bengal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECatholic_Diocese_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECatholic_Diocese-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Portuguese also encouraged intermarriage with the local population.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAgnihotri2010B-276_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgnihotri2010B-276-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1615, the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Navy" title="Portuguese Navy">Portuguese Navy</a> defeated an <a href="/wiki/Rakhine_people" title="Rakhine people">Arakanese</a>-<a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch VOC fleet</a> near the port city.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamerini2014_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamerini2014-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Piracy">Piracy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Piracy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Portuguese presence in Chittagong was ultimately ephemeral. The fall of the <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate" title="Bengal Sultanate">Bengal Sultanate</a> and the rise of the Arakanese <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mrauk_U" title="Kingdom of Mrauk U">Kingdom of Mrauk U</a> changed the geopolitical landscape. Chittagong became a major bone of contention between the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>, the Kingdom of Mrauk U, the <a href="/wiki/Taungoo_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Taungoo Dynasty">Burmese Empire</a> and the Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERay2012_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERay2012-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The King of <a href="/wiki/Mrauk_U" title="Mrauk U">Mrauk U</a> massacred 600 members of the Portuguese community in Dianga in 1607.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamerini2014_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamerini2014-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, the Portuguese allied with <a href="/wiki/Rakhine_State" title="Rakhine State">Arakan</a>. Portuguese-Arakanese <a href="/wiki/Piracy" title="Piracy">piracy</a> increased against <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Bengal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal Bengal">Mughal Bengal</a> in the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKonstam2008250_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKonstam2008250-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, the Portuguese ravaged the Arakan coast and carried off the booty to the king of <a href="/wiki/Barisal" title="Barisal">Barisal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slavery">Slavery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Slavery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Portuguese took over the eastern portion of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_slave_trade" title="Arab slave trade">Arab slave trade</a> networks and sold their slaves in <a href="/wiki/Tamluk" title="Tamluk">Tamluk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balasore" title="Balasore">Balasore</a>, and in Deccan ports. Slaves were sold at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diang_Hills&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diang Hills (page does not exist)">Dianga</a> and Pipli, and transported by ship. The Portuguese built a fort at Pipli in 1599 for prisoners brought by the Arakanese.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasgupta2005267_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasgupta2005267-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1629 the Portuguese under the command of Diego Da Sa raided <a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a> and took many prisoners including a Syed woman, the wife of a Mughal military officer and carried her off in chains to Dianga. The prisoners were converted to Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="End_of_settlement">End of settlement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: End of settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1632, the Mughal army expelled the Portuguese from the <a href="/wiki/Satgaon" class="mw-redirect" title="Satgaon">Satgaon</a> (Hooghly), owing to Portuguese association with the <a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery" title="History of slavery">slave trade</a>, kidnapping and refusal to support <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoy200713_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoy200713-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChatterjee_and_Eaton200613_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChatterjee_and_Eaton200613-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1666, the Mughal viceroy <a href="/wiki/Shaista_Khan" title="Shaista Khan">Shaista Khan</a> retook control of Chittagong after defeating the Arakanese in a naval war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETavernier2012129_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETavernier2012129-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mughal conquest of Chittagong brought an end to the Portuguese dominance of more than 130 years in the port city.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnston2008442_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnston2008442-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conquest of the port of Chittagong was similarly aimed mainly at driving Arakanese slave raiders out of Bengal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChatterjee_and_Eaton200613_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChatterjee_and_Eaton200613-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Mughals attacked the Arakanese from the jungle with a 6500-man army supported by 288 ships of war bound for the seizure of Chittagong harbour. After three days of battle, the Arakanese surrendered. Chittagong promptly became the capital of the new Government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrudySalkin1994188_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrudySalkin1994188-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This battle involved movement across both land and water. To combat the pirates' skill over water, the Mughals called for the support of Dutch ships from <a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a>. Before the Dutch ships reached the coast of Chittagong, the battle had already ended. To carry soldiers, <a href="/wiki/Shaista_Khan" title="Shaista Khan">Shaista Khan</a> constructed several large ships and a large number of galleys.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasgupta2005264_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasgupta2005264-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the Mughals took Chittagong, the Portuguese moved to the Ferengi Bazaar in Dhaka. Descendants of the Portuguese still reside in these places.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHasan2012125_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHasan2012125-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_settlements">Other settlements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other settlements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From <a href="/wiki/Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a>, the Portuguese proceeded to establish settlements in other Bengali ports and cities, notably <a href="/wiki/Satgaon" class="mw-redirect" title="Satgaon">Satgaon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bandel" title="Bandel">Bandel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a>. Satgaon became known as <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Porto_Pequeno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Porto Pequeno (page does not exist)">Porto Pequeno</a></i> (Little Haven). Portogola in <a href="/wiki/Old_Dhaka" title="Old Dhaka">Old Dhaka</a> hosted the city's Portuguese community.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamerini2014_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamerini2014-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spreading_of_Christianity">Spreading of Christianity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Spreading of Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Christianity spread across Bengal by the Portuguese traders along with the <a href="/wiki/Christian_missionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian missionaries">Christian missionaries</a>. Although Christianity had already reached <a href="/wiki/Ancient_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient India">Ancient India</a> with <a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas the Apostle</a> in 52 CE, the Portuguese set up the first Christian churches in Chittagong.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeungMeggitt2012223_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeungMeggitt2012223-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1498, Christian explorer <a href="/wiki/Vasco_de_Gama" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasco de Gama">Vasco de Gama</a> travelled Bengal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTER._Islam_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTER._Islam-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The descendants of the Portuguese traders in Chittagong are known as <i><a href="/wiki/Farang" title="Farang">Firingis</a></i>. They live in the areas of Patharghata and <a href="/wiki/Firingi_Bazar" title="Firingi Bazar">Firingi Bazar</a> in Old Chittagong.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBangladesh_Channel_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBangladesh_Channel-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are numerous <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanwords</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali language</a>, including many common household terms, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Chittagonian_language" title="Chittagonian language">Chittagonian language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEA.K._Rahim_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEA.K._Rahim-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Portuguese brought many exotic fruits, flowers and plants, especially from their <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin American</a> <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Brazil" title="Colonial Brazil">Brazilian colony</a>. They introduced chillies, <a href="/wiki/Delonix_regia" title="Delonix regia">delonix regia</a>, guavas, pineapples, papayas and <a href="/wiki/Alphonso_mango" title="Alphonso mango">Alfonso mangoes</a> to <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERay2012_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERay2012-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A Portuguese missionary in <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a> published the first book on <a href="/wiki/Bengali_grammar" title="Bengali grammar">Bengali grammar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEA.K._Rahim_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEA.K._Rahim-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oldest churches in Bangladesh and <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a> trace their origins to Portuguese missionary missions which arrived in Chittagong in the 16th century. Most <a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladeshi Christian">Bangladeshi Christians</a> have <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> <a href="/wiki/Surnames" class="mw-redirect" title="Surnames">surnames</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEA.K._Rahim_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEA.K._Rahim-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Bangladesh" title="Independence of Bangladesh">independence of Bangladesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> recognised it on 20 December 1974 following the <a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a>, when it established relations with many decolonised nations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPortuguese_in_Bangladesh_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPortuguese_in_Bangladesh-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Portuguese have had a great influence on trade, culture, character and language of the people of Chittagong.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeungMeggitt2012223_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeungMeggitt2012223-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Portuguese_attractions">Portuguese attractions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Portuguese attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Very few physical vestiges of the Portuguese presence are found at present in Chittagong and Bengal, generally. <i>Darul Adalat</i>, the first court building of Chittagong is located in the Government <a href="/wiki/Hazi_Mohammad_Mohshin_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazi Mohammad Mohshin College">Hazi Mohammad Mohshin College</a> campus, is a structure built by the Portuguese. The structure is locally known as Portuguese Fort. Initiative has been taken by the Department of Archaeology of Bangladesh to preserve the vestige.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are few <a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">churches</a> and ruins. Some geographical place names remain, like Dom Manik Islands, Point Palmyras on the <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Orissa</a> coast, <a href="/wiki/Firingi_Bazar" title="Firingi Bazar">Firingi Bazar</a> in Dhaka and Chittagong.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHosking2009290_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHosking2009290-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_settlement_in_Rajshahi" title="Dutch settlement in Rajshahi">Dutch settlement in Rajshahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_community_of_Dhaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian community of Dhaka">Armenian community of Dhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bombay_under_Portuguese_rule_(1534-1661)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Bombay under Portuguese rule (1534-1661)">History of Bombay under Portuguese rule (1534-1661)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERahman201024-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERahman201024_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRahman2010">Rahman 2010</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhaduri201322-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhaduri201322_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBhaduri2013">Bhaduri 2013</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrudySalkin1994188-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrudySalkin1994188_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrudySalkin1994188_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrudySalkin1994">Trudy & Salkin 1994</a>, p. 188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEaton1996235-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEaton1996235_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEaton1996">Eaton 1996</a>, p. 235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasgupta2005258-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasgupta2005258_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDasgupta2005">Dasgupta 2005</a>, p. 258.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendirattaRossa2015-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendirattaRossa2015_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMendirattaRossa2015">Mendiratta & Rossa 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERay2012-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERay2012_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERay2012_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERay2012_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERay2012_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERay2012_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERay2012_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRay2012">Ray 2012</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDasgupta2005259-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDasgupta2005259_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDasgupta2005">Dasgupta 2005</a>, p. 259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWallcousins1993169-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWallcousins1993169_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWallcousins1993">Wallcousins 1993</a>, p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamerini2014-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamerini2014_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamerini2014_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamerini2014_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamerini2014_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamerini2014_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamerini2014">Ramerini 2014</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGin2004870-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGin2004870_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGin2004">Gin 2004</a>, p. 870.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson200678-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson200678_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPearson2006">Pearson 2006</a>, p. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhaduri201323-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhaduri201323_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBhaduri2013">Bhaduri 2013</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMandal200344-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMandal200344_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMandal2003">Mandal 2003</a>, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Guardian_Editorial2013-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Guardian_Editorial2013_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Guardian_Editorial2013">The Guardian Editorial 2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELahore_University2007-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELahore_University2007_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLahore_University2007">Lahore University 2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoy200712-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoy200712_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoy2007">Roy 2007</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHasan2012125-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHasan2012125_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHasan2012125_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHasan2012">Hasan 2012</a>, p. 125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECatholic_Diocese-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECatholic_Diocese_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCatholic_Diocese">Catholic Diocese</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAgnihotri2010B-276-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAgnihotri2010B-276_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAgnihotri2010">Agnihotri 2010</a>, p. B-276.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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.id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRizvi1965" 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Rahim</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPortuguese_in_Bangladesh-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPortuguese_in_Bangladesh_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPortuguese_in_Bangladesh">Portuguese in Bangladesh</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUddin2014" class="citation news cs1">Uddin, Minhaj (23 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailystar.net/centuries-old-darul-adalats-existence-hangs-in-balance-25388">"Centuries-old Darul Adalat's existence hangs in balance"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Star_(Bangladesh)" title="The Daily Star (Bangladesh)">The Daily Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dhaka+Tribune&rft.atitle=Voc%C3%AA+fala+Bangla%3F&rft.date=2014-01-25&rft.aulast=Rahim&rft.aufirst=AK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhakatribune.com%2Ffeature%2F2014%2Fjan%2F25%2Fvoc%2525C3%2525AA-fala-bangla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+settlement+in+Chittagong" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR._Islam" class="citation news cs1">Islam, Reema (18 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dhakatribune.com/weekend/2014/dec/18/christian-community">"The Christian community"</a>. <i>The Dhaka Tribune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Dhaka+Tribune&rft.atitle=The+Christian+community&rft.date=2014-12-18&rft.aulast=Islam&rft.aufirst=Reema&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhakatribune.com%2Fweekend%2F2014%2Fdec%2F18%2Fchristian-community&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+settlement+in+Chittagong" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPortuguese_in_Bangladesh" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150712163741/http://www.portugalconsulatebd.com/bilateral_relations.html">"Bangladesh Portugal Bilateral Relations"</a>. Honorary Consulate of Portugal. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portugalconsulatebd.com/bilateral_relations.html">the original</a> on 12 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bangladesh+Portugal+Bilateral+Relations&rft.pub=Honorary+Consulate+of+Portugal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portugalconsulatebd.com%2Fbilateral_relations.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+settlement+in+Chittagong" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallcousins1993" class="citation book cs1">Wallcousins, Harry Johnston (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AfQUY9NzZfsC"><i>Pioneers in India</i></a> (Nouvelle édition. ed.). New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8120608437" title="Special:BookSources/8120608437"><bdi>8120608437</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pioneers+in+India&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.edition=Nouvelle+%C3%A9dition.&rft.pub=Asian+Educational+Services&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=8120608437&rft.aulast=Wallcousins&rft.aufirst=Harry+Johnston&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAfQUY9NzZfsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+settlement+in+Chittagong" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBangladesh_Channel" class="citation web cs1">Bangladesh Channel Services. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bangladesh.com/chittagong-division/chittagong/">"Explore the wonders of Chittagong in Bangladesh"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Chalfont St. Peter: Bradt Travel Guides. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1841624099" title="Special:BookSources/978-1841624099"><bdi>978-1841624099</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bangladesh+%3A+the+Bradt+travel+guide&rft.place=Chalfont+St.+Peter&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Bradt+Travel+Guides&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1841624099&rft.aulast=Leung&rft.aufirst=Mikey&rft.au=Meggitt%2C+Belinda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcdkILWIONLQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+settlement+in+Chittagong" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHosking2009" class="citation book cs1">Hosking, Richard, ed. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uYqTiD7SbcQC"><i>Food and language : proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 2009</i></a>. Totnes: Prospect Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1903018798" title="Special:BookSources/978-1903018798"><bdi>978-1903018798</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+and+language+%3A+proceedings+of+the+Oxford+Symposium+on+Food+and+Cookery+2009&rft.place=Totnes&rft.pub=Prospect+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1903018798&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuYqTiD7SbcQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+settlement+in+Chittagong" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Guardian_Editorial2013" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theguardianbd.com/sandwipees-should-respond-to-the-call-of-master-shahjahan-for-development-of-sandwip/">"Sandwipees should respond to the call of Master Shahjahan for development of Sandwip"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> (Editorial)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Sandwipees+should+respond+to+the+call+of+Master+Shahjahan+for+development+of+Sandwip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardianbd.com%2Fsandwipees-should-respond-to-the-call-of-master-shahjahan-for-development-of-sandwip%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+settlement+in+Chittagong" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLahore_University2007" class="citation journal cs1">Lahore University, Department of Geography. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pyhNAAAAIAAJ">"Pakistan geographical review"</a>. <i>Journal of University of the Punjab</i>. <b>62</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0030-9788">0030-9788</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/655502543">655502543</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+University+of+the+Punjab&rft.atitle=Pakistan+geographical+review&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=2&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F655502543&rft.issn=0030-9788&rft.aulast=Lahore+University&rft.aufirst=Department+of+Geography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpyhNAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+settlement+in+Chittagong" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoy2007" class="citation book cs1">Ray, Jayanta Kumar (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nyk6oA2nOlgC"><i>Aspects of India's International relations, 1700 to 2000 : South Asia and the World</i></a>. New Delhi: Pearson Longman, an imprint of Pearson Education. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8131708347" title="Special:BookSources/978-8131708347"><bdi>978-8131708347</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aspects+of+India%27s+International+relations%2C+1700+to+2000+%3A+South+Asia+and+the+World&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Pearson+Longman%2C+an+imprint+of+Pearson+Education&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-8131708347&rft.aulast=Ray&rft.aufirst=Jayanta+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNyk6oA2nOlgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+settlement+in+Chittagong" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChatterjee_and_Eaton2006" class="citation book cs1">Indrani, Chatterjee; Richard, M. Eaton, eds. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nsh8NHDQHlcC"><i>Slavery and South Asian History</i></a>. Bloomington: <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0253116716" title="Special:BookSources/0253116716"><bdi>0253116716</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slavery+and+South+Asian+History.&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0253116716&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNsh8NHDQHlcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+settlement+in+Chittagong" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasan2012" class="citation book cs1">Samiul Hasan, ed. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SaG8GIBTIGAC"><i>The Muslim world in the 21st century : space, power, and human development</i></a>. New York: Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9400726321" title="Special:BookSources/978-9400726321"><bdi>978-9400726321</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Muslim+world+in+the+21st+century+%3A+space%2C+power%2C+and+human+development&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-9400726321&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSaG8GIBTIGAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APortuguese+settlement+in+Chittagong" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chittagong" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chittagong"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chittagong_related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a> related topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chittagong" title="History of Chittagong">History of Chittagong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bangladesh" title="History of Bangladesh">History of Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bengal" title="History of Bengal">History of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Route" class="mw-redirect" title="Silk Route">Maritime silk route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road#Routes_taken#South-west_route" title="Silk Road">Southeastern Silk Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_trade" title="Indian Ocean trade">Indian Ocean trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samatata" title="Samatata">Samatata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harikela" title="Harikela">Harikela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamarupa" title="Kamarupa">Kamarupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sena_dynasty" title="Sena dynasty">Sena dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate" title="Bengal Sultanate">Bengal Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mrauk_U" title="Kingdom of Mrauk U">Kingdom of Mrauk U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Portuguese settlement in Chittagong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_armoury_raid" title="Chittagong armoury raid">Chittagong armoury raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bengal" title="East Bengal">East Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Hill_Tracts_conflict" title="Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict">Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Chittagong_earthquake" title="1997 Chittagong earthquake">1997 Chittagong earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_arms_and_ammunition_haul_in_Chittagong" title="2004 arms and ammunition haul in Chittagong">2004 arms and ammunition haul in Chittagong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government<br /> and localities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chattogram_City_Corporation" title="Chattogram City Corporation">Chattogram City Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Development_Authority" title="Chittagong Development Authority">Chittagong Development Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattogram_Metropolitan_Police" title="Chattogram Metropolitan Police">Chattogram Metropolitan Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrabad" title="Agrabad">Agrabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahartali_Thana" title="Pahartali Thana">Pahartali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halishahar_Thana" title="Halishahar Thana">Halishahar|</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchlaish_Thana" title="Panchlaish Thana">Panchlaish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotwali_Thana_(Chittagong)" title="Kotwali Thana (Chittagong)">Kotwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandgaon_Thana" title="Chandgaon Thana">Changaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Thana" title="Bandar Thana">Bandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Mooring_Thana" title="Double Mooring Thana">Double Mooring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhujpur_Thana" title="Bhujpur Thana">Bhujpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbarshah_Thana" title="Akbarshah Thana">Akbarshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadarghat,_Chittagong" title="Sadarghat, Chittagong">Sadarghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khulshi_Thana" title="Khulshi Thana">Khulshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakoliya_Thana" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakoliya Thana">Bakoliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayazid_Thana" title="Bayazid Thana">Bayazid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnaphuli_Upazila" title="Karnaphuli Upazila">Karnaphuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPZ_Thana" title="EPZ Thana">EPZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chawkbazar_Thana" title="Chawkbazar Thana">Chawkbazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strand_Road,_Chittagong" title="Strand Road, Chittagong">Strand Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Mujib_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheikh Mujib Road">Sheikh Mujib Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_R_Nizam_Road" title="O R Nizam Road">O R Nizam Road</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamiatul_Falah_Mosque" title="Jamiatul Falah Mosque">Jamiatul Falah Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batali_Hill" title="Batali Hill">Batali Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheragi_Pahar" title="Cheragi Pahar">Cheragi Pahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_War_Cemetery" title="Chittagong War Cemetery">War Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnological_Museum,_Chittagong" title="Ethnological Museum, Chittagong">Ethnological Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foy%27s_Lake" title="Foy's Lake">Foy's Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patenga" title="Patenga">Patenga beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wali_Khan_Mosque" title="Wali Khan Mosque">Wali Khan Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cox%27s_Bazar" title="Cox's Bazar">Cox's Bazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Hill_Tracts" title="Chittagong Hill Tracts">Chittagong Hill Tracts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_Bayazid_Bostami" title="Shrine of Bayazid Bostami">Shrine of Bayazid Bostami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatteshwari_Temple" title="Chatteshwari Temple">Chatteshwari Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Amanat_Bridge" title="Shah Amanat Bridge">Shah Amanat Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botanical_Garden_and_Eco-Park,_Sitakunda" title="Botanical Garden and Eco-Park, Sitakunda">Botanical Garden and Eco-Park, Sitakunda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy<br />and transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Chittagong" title="Economy of Chittagong">Economy of Chittagong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Stock_Exchange" title="Chittagong Stock Exchange">Chittagong Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Chittagong" title="Port of Chittagong">Port of Chittagong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Export_Processing_Zone" title="Chittagong Export Processing Zone">Chittagong Export Processing Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnaphuli_Export_Processing_Zone" title="Karnaphuli Export Processing Zone">Karnaphuli Export Processing Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Tea_Auction" title="Chittagong Tea Auction">Chittagong Tea Auction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnaphuli_Paper_Mills" title="Karnaphuli Paper Mills">Karnaphuli Paper Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_Chittagong" title="World Trade Center Chittagong">World Trade Center Chittagong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Circular_Railway" title="Chittagong Circular Railway">Chittagong Circular Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Ship_Breaking_Yard" title="Chittagong Ship Breaking Yard">Chittagong Ship Breaking Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Road_Transport_Corporation" title="Bangladesh Road Transport Corporation">Bangladesh Road Transport Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Railway" title="Bangladesh Railway">Bangladesh Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragoti" title="Pragoti">Pragoti Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biman_Bangladesh_Airlines" title="Biman Bangladesh Airlines">Biman Bangladesh Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupali_Bank_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Rupali Bank Limited">Rupali Bank Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Bank" title="Bangladesh Bank">Bangladesh Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaw" title="Auto rickshaw">Auto rickshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_rickshaw" title="Cycle rickshaw">Cycle rickshaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Military_Academy" title="Bangladesh Military Academy">Bangladesh Military Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Marine_Academy" title="Bangladesh Marine Academy">Bangladesh Marine Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Marine_Fisheries_Academy" title="Bangladesh Marine Fisheries Academy">Bangladesh Marine Fisheries Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chittagong" title="University of Chittagong">University of Chittagong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_University_of_Engineering_%26_Technology" title="Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology">Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_University" title="Premier University">Premier University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Intermediate_and_Secondary_Education,_Chattogram" title="Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Chattogram">Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Veterinary_and_Animal_Sciences_University" title="Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University">Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Science_and_Technology_Chittagong" title="University of Science and Technology Chittagong">University of Science and Technology Chittagong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Islamic_University_Chittagong" title="International Islamic University Chittagong">International Islamic University Chittagong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Medical_College" title="Chittagong Medical College">Chittagong Medical College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_University_for_Women" title="Asian University for Women">Asian University for Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Delta_University" title="East Delta University">East Delta University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_University,_Bangladesh" title="Southern University, Bangladesh">Southern University, Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_City_International_University" title="Port City International University">Port City International University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture and sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boli_Khela" class="mw-redirect" title="Boli Khela">Boli Khela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Bangladesh)" title="Independence Day (Bangladesh)">Independence Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezban" title="Mezban">Mezban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pohela_Boishakh" title="Pohela Boishakh">Pohela Boishakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_Day_(Bangladesh)" title="Victory Day (Bangladesh)">Victory Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zohur_Ahmed_Chowdhury_Stadium" title="Zohur Ahmed Chowdhury Stadium">Zohur Ahmed Chowdhury Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Abahani_Limited" title="Chittagong Abahani Limited">Abahani Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattogram_Challengers" class="mw-redirect" title="Chattogram Challengers">Chattogram Challengers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Division_cricket_team" title="Chittagong Division cricket team">Chittagong Division cricket team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._A._Aziz_Stadium" title="M. A. Aziz Stadium">M. A. Aziz Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammedan_SC_(Chittagong)" title="Mohammedan SC (Chittagong)">Mohammedan SC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banshkhali_power_plant_movement" title="Banshkhali power plant movement">Banshkhali power plant movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Bangladesh" title="List of cities and towns in Bangladesh">List of cities and towns in Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_in_Chittagong" title="List of colleges in Chittagong">List of colleges in Chittagong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Chittagong" title="Category:Chittagong">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Portuguese_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Portuguese_overseas_empire" title="Template:Portuguese overseas empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Portuguese_overseas_empire" title="Template talk:Portuguese overseas empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Portuguese_overseas_empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Portuguese overseas empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Portuguese_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="North_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1415–1640</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1458–1550</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ksar_es-Seghir" title="Ksar es-Seghir">Alcácer Ceguer <span style="font-size:85%;">(El Qsar es Seghir)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1471–1550</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Asilah" title="Portuguese Asilah">Arzila <span style="font-size:85%;">(Asilah)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1471–1662</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Tangier" title="Portuguese Tangier">Tangier</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1485–1550</td><td> <a href="/wiki/El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Mazagan <span style="font-size:85%;">(El Jadida)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1487–16th century</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ouadane" title="Ouadane">Ouadane</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1488–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Safi,_Morocco" title="Safi, Morocco">Safim <span style="font-size:85%;">(Safi)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1489</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Graciosa_fortress" title="Graciosa fortress">Graciosa</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1505–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Agadir" title="Agadir">Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué <span style="font-size:85%;">(Agadir)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1525</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Essaouira" title="Essaouira">Mogador <span style="font-size:85%;">(Essaouira)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1525</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Souira_Guedima" title="Souira Guedima">Aguz <span style="font-size:85%;">(Souira Guedima)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1769</td><td> <a href="/wiki/El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Mazagan <span style="font-size:85%;">(El Jadida)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1513–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Azemmour" title="Azemmour">Azamor <span style="font-size:85%;">(Azemmour)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mehdya,_Morocco" title="Mehdya, Morocco">São João da Mamora <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mehdya)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1577–1589</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Asilah" title="Asilah">Arzila <span style="font-size:85%;">(Asilah)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999)"><img alt="Anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png/300px-Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png/450px-Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png/600px-Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="Sub-Saharan_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Sub-Saharan Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1455–1633</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Arguin" title="Arguin">Arguim</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1462–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Cape_Verde" title="Portuguese Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1470–1975</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_Island" title="São Tomé Island">São Tomé</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1471–1975</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Príncipe">Príncipe</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1474–1778</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Annob%C3%B3n" title="Annobón">Annobón</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1478–1778</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Bioko" title="Bioko">Fernando Poo <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bioko)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1482–1637</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Elmina" title="Elmina">Elmina <span style="font-size:85%;">(São Jorge da Mina)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1482–1642</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Gold_Coast" title="Portuguese Gold Coast">Portuguese Gold Coast</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1498–1540</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mascarene_Islands" title="Mascarene Islands">Mascarene Islands</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1630</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Malindi" title="Malindi">Malindi</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1501–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Portuguese Mozambique</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1502–1659</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1503–1698</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1505–1512</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kilwa_Kisiwani" title="Kilwa Kisiwani">Quíloa <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kilwa)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1511</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1508–1547<sup><small>2</small></sup></td><td> <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1557–1578</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1575–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Portuguese Angola</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1588–1974</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Cacheu" title="Cacheu">Cacheu</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1593–1698</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombassa <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mombasa)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1645–1888</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ziguinchor" title="Ziguinchor">Ziguinchor</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1680–1961</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Fort_of_S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o_Baptista_de_Ajud%C3%A1" title="Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá">São João Baptista de Ajudá, Benin</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1687–1974</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>18th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1728–1729</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombassa <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mombasa)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1753–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe">Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>19th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1879–1974</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1885–1974</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Cabinda_Province" title="Cabinda Province">Portuguese Congo</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="plainlist" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.75em 0.25em;font-size:90%;line-height:1.2em;"><ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Part of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a> from 1753.</li><li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Or 1600.</li><li><sup><small>3</small></sup> A factory (<a href="/wiki/Anosy" title="Anosy">Anosy Region</a>) and small temporary coastal bases.</li><li><sup><small>4</small></sup> Part of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a> from 1879.</li><li><sup><small>5</small></sup> Part of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Portuguese Angola</a> from the 1920s.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="Middle_East_&#91;Persian_Gulf&#93;" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Middle East [Persian Gulf]</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1615</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Abbas" title="Bandar Abbas">Gamru <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bandar Abbas)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1507–1643</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Sohar" title="Sohar">Sohar</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1622</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ormus" title="Ormus">Hormuz <span style="font-size:85%;">(Ormus)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1648</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qurayyat,_Oman" title="Qurayyat, Oman">Quriyat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qalhat" title="Qalhat">Qalhat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1650</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515?–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Barka,_Oman" title="Barka, Oman">Barka</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1633?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ras_Al_Khaimah" title="Ras Al Khaimah">Julfar (Ras al-Khaimah)</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1521–1602</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Muharraq" title="Muharraq">Muharraq</a> • <a href="/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a>)</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1521–1529?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qatif" title="Qatif">Qatif</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1521?–1551?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Tarout_Island" title="Tarout Island">Tarut Island</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1550–1551</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qatif" title="Qatif">Qatif</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1588–1648</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Muttrah" title="Muttrah">Matrah</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1620–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Khor_Fakkan" title="Khor Fakkan">Khor Fakkan</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1621?–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Seeb" title="Seeb">As Sib</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1621–1622</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qeshm_Island" title="Qeshm Island">Qeshm</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1623–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Khasab" title="Khasab">Khasab</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1623–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Al_Badiyah" title="Al Badiyah">Libedia</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kalba" title="Kalba">Kalba</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Madha" title="Madha">Madha</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624–1648</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Dibba_Al-Hisn" title="Dibba Al-Hisn">Dibba Al-Hisn</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624?–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kong,_Iran" title="Kong, Iran">Bandar-e Kong</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="South_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South Asia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1498–1545</td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Laccadive Islands<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Lakshadweep)</span></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1500–1663</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Cochim <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kochi)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1501–1663</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Cannanore <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kannur)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"> • 1502–1658<br /><span style="padding-left:0.65em;"> </span>1659–1661</div></td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Quilon<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Coulão / Kollam)</span></a></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1502–1661</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Pallippuram,_Ernakulam" title="Pallippuram, Ernakulam">Pallipuram <span style="font-size:85%;">(Cochin de Cima)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1507–1657</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Negapatam" title="Portuguese Negapatam">Negapatam <span style="font-size:85%;">(Nagapatnam)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1510–1961</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"> • 1512–1525<br /><span style="padding-left:0.65em;"> </span>1750</div></td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Calicut<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Kozhikode)</span></a></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1518–1619</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Pulicat" title="Pulicat">Portuguese Paliacate outpost <span style="font-size:85%;">(Pulicat)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1521–1740</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Chaul" title="Chaul">Chaul</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  </td><td> (Portuguese India)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1523–1662</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mylapore" title="Mylapore">Mylapore</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1528–1666</td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chittagong<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Porto Grande De Bengala)</span></a></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1531–1571</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Chaul" title="Chaul">Chaul</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1531–1571</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Chaliyam" title="Chaliyam">Chalé</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1534–1601</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Salsette_Island" title="Salsette Island">Salsette Island</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1534–1661</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Bombay <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mumbai)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1535</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ponnani" title="Ponnani">Ponnani</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1535–1739</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Vasai-Virar" title="Vasai-Virar">Baçaím <span style="font-size:85%;">(Vasai-Virar)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1536–1662</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Cranganore <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kodungallur)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1540–1612</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Surat" title="Surat">Surat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1548–1658</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Thoothukudi" title="Thoothukudi">Tuticorin <span style="font-size:85%;">(Thoothukudi)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1559–1961</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Daman_and_Diu" title="Daman and Diu">Daman and Diu</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1568–1659</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  </td><td> (Portuguese India)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1579–1632</td><td><a href="/wiki/Hugli-Chuchura" title="Hugli-Chuchura">Hugli</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1598–1610</td><td><a href="/wiki/Machilipatnam" title="Machilipatnam">Masulipatnam <span style="font-size:85%;">(Machilipatnam)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1518–1521</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1518–1658</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Ceylon" title="Portuguese Ceylon">Portuguese Ceylon <span style="font-size:85%;">(Sri Lanka)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1558–1573</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> <br />Portuguese India </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1687–1749</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mylapore" title="Mylapore">Mylapore</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>18th century</b></span> <br />Portuguese India </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1779–1954</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli">Dadra and Nagar Haveli</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="East_Asia_and_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">East Asia and Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1511–1641</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Malacca" title="Portuguese Malacca">Portuguese Malacca</a> [Malaysia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1512–1621</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku</a> [Indonesia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1522–1575</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Ternate" title="Ternate">Ternate</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1576–1605</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Ambon_Island" title="Ambon Island">Ambon</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1578–1650</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Tidore" title="Tidore">Tidore</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1512–1665</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Makassar" title="Makassar">Makassar</a> [Indonesia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1859</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Larantuka" title="Kingdom of Larantuka">Larantuka</a> [Indonesia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1557–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Macau</a> [China]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1580–1586</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Nagasaki" title="Portuguese Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a> [Japan]</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1642–1975</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Timor" title="Portuguese Timor">Portuguese Timor</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a>)</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>19th century</b></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Portuguese Macau</a> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1864–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Coloane" title="Coloane">Coloane</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1851–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Taipa" title="Taipa">Taipa</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1890–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ilha_Verde" title="Ilha Verde">Ilha Verde</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>20th century</b></span> <br />Portuguese Macau </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1938–1941</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Hengqin" title="Hengqin">Lapa and Montanha <span style="font-size:85%;">(Hengqin)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="plainlist" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.75em 0.25em;font-size:90%;line-height:1.2em;"><ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> 1975 is the year of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and subsequent <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_invasion_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian invasion of East Timor">invasion by Indonesia</a>. In 2002, East Timor's independence was fully recognized.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="North_America_and_North_Atlantic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North America and North Atlantic</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b> [Atlantic islands]</span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1420</td><td> <i><b><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></b></i></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1432</td><td> <i><b><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></b></i></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b> [Canada]</span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1579?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Terra Nova <span style="font-size:85%;">(Newfoundland)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1579?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Labrador" title="Labrador">Labrador</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1516–1579?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="South_America_and_Caribbean" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South America and Caribbean</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1822</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Brazil" title="Colonial Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1534–1549</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_Colonies_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Captaincy Colonies of Brazil">Captaincy Colonies of Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1549–1572</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Brazil" title="Governorate General of Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1572–1578</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Bahia" title="Governorate General of Bahia">Bahia</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1572–1578</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Governorate General of Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1578–1607</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Brazil" title="Governorate General of Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1621–1815</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/State_of_Brazil" title="State of Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1536–1620</td><td> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Barbados" title="History of Barbados">Barbados</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1621–1751</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Maranh%C3%A3o_(colonial)" title="State of Maranhão (colonial)">Maranhão</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1680–1777</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Colonia_del_Sacramento" title="Colonia del Sacramento">Nova Colónia do Sacramento</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>18th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1751–1772</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Gr%C3%A3o-Par%C3%A1_and_Maranh%C3%A3o" title="State of Grão-Pará and Maranhão">Grão-Pará and Maranhão</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1772–1775</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Gr%C3%A3o-Par%C3%A1_and_Rio_Negro" title="State of Grão-Pará and Rio Negro">Grão-Pará and Rio Negro</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1772–1775</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Maranh%C3%A3o_and_Piau%C3%AD" title="State of Maranhão and Piauí">Maranhão and Piauí</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>19th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1808–1822</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Cisplatina" title="Cisplatina">Cisplatina <span style="font-size:85%;">(Uruguay)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1809–1817</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá">Portuguese Guiana <span style="font-size:85%;">(Amapá)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1822</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Upper_Peru" title="Upper Peru">Upper Peru <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bolivia)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background:#efefef;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.2em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Portuguese_colonies" class="mw-redirect" title="Armorial of Portuguese colonies">Armorial of Portuguese colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_the_Portuguese_Empire" title="Evolution of the Portuguese Empire">Evolution of the Portuguese Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonial_architecture" title="Portuguese colonial architecture">Portuguese colonial architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Portuguese colonization of the Americas">Portuguese colonization of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire_in_the_Indonesian_Archipelago" title="Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago">Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_the_Portuguese_discovery_of_Australia" title="Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia">Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bangladesh_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bangladesh_topics" title="Template:Bangladesh topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bangladesh_topics" title="Template talk:Bangladesh topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bangladesh_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bangladesh topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bangladesh_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Bangladesh" title="Outline of Bangladesh">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bangladesh" title="History of Bangladesh">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Bangladeshi_history" title="Timeline of Bangladeshi history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Bangladesh#History_of_Bangladesh" title="Outline of Bangladesh">Outline</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangladesh-related_topics" title="List of Bangladesh-related topics">Topics</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bengal" title="History of Bengal">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_aviation_in_Bangladesh" title="History of aviation in Bangladesh">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_literature" title="Bengali literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Bangladesh" title="Military history of Bangladesh">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Bangladesh" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Bangladesh">Postal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Bengal" title="List of rulers of Bengal">Rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangladesh_tropical_cyclones" title="List of Bangladesh tropical cyclones">Cyclones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Bangladesh" title="List of years in Bangladesh">Years</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_period" title="Vedic period">Vedic period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anga" title="Anga">Anga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanga_kingdom" title="Vanga kingdom">Vanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pundra_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pundra Kingdom">Pundra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suhma_kingdom" title="Suhma kingdom">Suhma kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magadha_(Mahajanapada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magadha (Mahajanapada)">Magadha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradyota_dynasty" title="Pradyota dynasty">Pradyota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaishunaga_dynasty" title="Shaishunaga dynasty">Shaishunaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanda_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanda Empire">Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangaridai" title="Gangaridai">Gangaridai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunga_Empire" title="Shunga Empire">Shunga Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanva_dynasty" title="Kanva dynasty">Kanva dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Gupta Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classical and Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Founding kingdom:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gauda_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauda Kingdom">Gauda Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Classical empires:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamboja_Pala_dynasty" title="Kamboja Pala dynasty">Kamboja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sena_dynasty" title="Sena dynasty">Sena</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Sultanates:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_rulers_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic rulers in the Indian subcontinent">Islamic rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalji_dynasty" title="Khalji dynasty">Khalji dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate" title="Bengal Sultanate">Bengal Sultanate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sur_Empire" title="Sur Empire">Sur Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baro-Bhuyan" title="Baro-Bhuyan">Baro-Bhuyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal period:</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Subah" title="Bengal Subah">Bengal Subah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawabs_of_Bengal" title="Nawabs of Bengal">Nawabs of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plassey" title="Battle of Plassey">Battle of Plassey</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Raj" title="History of the British Raj">Colonial</a> and Pakistan era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Portuguese Bengala</a></li> <li><i>British Bengal:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Bengal_famine_of_1770" title="Great Bengal famine of 1770">Famine of 1770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Sepoy Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Renaissance" title="Bengal Renaissance">Bengal Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1905)" title="Partition of Bengal (1905)">Partition of Bengal (1905)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bengal" title="Prime Minister of Bengal">Prime Minister of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Resolution" title="Lahore Resolution">Lahore Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943" title="Bengal famine of 1943">Famine of 1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1947)" title="Partition of Bengal (1947)">Partition of Bengal (1947)</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language_movement" title="Bengali language movement">Language Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bengali_legislative_election,_1954" class="mw-redirect" title="East Bengali legislative election, 1954">Legislative election in 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_point_movement" title="Six point movement">Six point movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Mass_uprising_in_East_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="1969 Mass uprising in East Pakistan">1969 Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_general_election,_1970" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani general election, 1970">General election in 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Bangladeshi_Independence" title="Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence">Proclamation of Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Bangladesh" title="Provisional Government of Bangladesh">Provisional Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Bangladesh_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="1971 Bangladesh genocide">Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Rape during the Bangladesh Liberation War">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Timeline of the Bangladesh Liberation War">Timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bangladesh_after_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Bangladesh after independence">Republic of Bangladesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_famine_of_1974" title="Bangladesh famine of 1974">Famine of 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_coups_in_Bangladesh" title="Military coups in Bangladesh">Military coups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman" title="Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Ziaur_Rahman" title="Assassination of Ziaur Rahman">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Bangladesh_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1982 Bangladesh coup d'état">1982</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Mass_Uprising_in_Bangladesh" title="1990 Mass Uprising in Bangladesh">1990 Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006%E2%80%9308_Bangladeshi_political_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2006–08 Bangladeshi political crisis">Political crisis in 2006–08</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Rifles_revolt" title="Bangladesh Rifles revolt">Bangladesh Rifles revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Begums" title="Battle of Begums">Battle of Begums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Bangladesh_violence" title="2013 Bangladesh violence">Protests in 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student%E2%80%93People%27s_uprising" title="Student–People's uprising">Student–People's uprising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Bangladesh_quota_reform_movement" title="2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement">Quota reform movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(2024)" title="Non-cooperation movement (2024)">Non-cooperation movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_massacre" title="July massacre">Massacre</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Bangladesh">Regional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chittagong" title="History of Chittagong">Chittagong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Dhaka" title="History of Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jessore" title="History of Jessore">Jessore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Noakhali" title="History of Noakhali">Noakhali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Rangpur" title="History of Rangpur">Rangpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sylhet" title="History of Sylhet">Sylhet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bangladesh" title="Geography of Bangladesh">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_geography_of_Bangladesh" title="Administrative geography of Bangladesh">Administrative:</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_Bangladesh" title="Divisions of Bangladesh">Divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of districts of Bangladesh">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upazilas_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Upazilas of Bangladesh">Sub-districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Bangladesh" title="List of cities and towns in Bangladesh">Cities and towns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Bangladesh" title="Template:Borders of Bangladesh">Borders</a></li> <li><i>Nature:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Islands of Bangladesh">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Lakes of Bangladesh">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Mountains of Bangladesh">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Parks_in_Bangladesh" title="Category:Parks in Bangladesh">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Bangladesh" title="List of rivers of Bangladesh">Rivers</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Places:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Fan" title="Bengal Fan">Bengal Fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Hill_Tracts" title="Chittagong Hill Tracts">Chittagong Hill Tracts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cox%27s_Bazar" title="Cox's Bazar">Cox's Bazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_Basin" title="Ganges Basin">Ganges Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_Delta" title="Ganges Delta">Ganges Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatirjheel" title="Hatirjheel">Hatirjheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundarbans" title="Sundarbans">Sundarbans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Bangladesh" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Bangladesh">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bangladesh" title="Politics of Bangladesh">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bangladesh" title="Government of Bangladesh">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Executive:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Bangladesh" title="President of Bangladesh">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Bangladesh" title="List of presidents of Bangladesh">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh" title="Prime Minister of Bangladesh">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Bangladesh" title="List of prime ministers of Bangladesh">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Bangladesh" title="Cabinet of Bangladesh">Cabinet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bangladesh" title="Elections in Bangladesh">Elections</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Election_Commission" title="Bangladesh Election Commission">Election Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:General_elections_in_Bangladesh" title="Category:General elections in Bangladesh">General elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_elections_in_Bangladesh" title="Presidential elections in Bangladesh">Presidential elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Bangladesh" title="List of political parties in Bangladesh">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bangladesh" title="Foreign relations of Bangladesh">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign policy of Bangladesh">Foreign policies</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Jatiya Sangsad">Jatiya Sangsad</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(parliament)</span>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in Bangladesh">Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad">Speaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Bangladesh" title="Local government in Bangladesh">Local government</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_City_Corporations_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of City Corporations of Bangladesh">City corporations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Municipal_Corporations_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Municipal Corporations of Bangladesh">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upazilas_of_Bangladesh#Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Upazilas of Bangladesh">Upazila Parishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_councils_of_Bangladesh" title="Union councils of Bangladesh">Union councils</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laws_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Laws in Bangladesh">Law</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bangladesh" title="Constitution of Bangladesh">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Bangladesh" title="Supreme Court of Bangladesh">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="High Court Division">High Court Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Crimes_Tribunal_(Bangladesh)" title="International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh)">International Crimes Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Bangladesh" title="Chief Justice of Bangladesh">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Bangladesh" title="Attorney General of Bangladesh">Attorney General</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Bangladesh" title="Human rights in Bangladesh">Human rights</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forced_disappearance_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced disappearance in Bangladesh">Forced disappearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bangladesh" title="Freedom of religion in Bangladesh">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Bangladesh">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Bangladesh" title="Women in Bangladesh">Women</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">Military</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Law_enforcement_in_Bangladesh" title="Category:Law enforcement in Bangladesh">enforcement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Armed_Forces" title="Bangladesh Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Army" title="Bangladesh Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Navy" title="Bangladesh Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Air_Force" title="Bangladesh Air Force">Air Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Paramilitary_forces_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Paramilitary forces of Bangladesh">Paramilitary</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_Guards_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Border Guards Bangladesh">Border Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Coast_Guard" title="Bangladesh Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Ansar" title="Bangladesh Ansar">Ansar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village_Defence_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Village Defence Party">Village Defence Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Guard_Regiment" title="President Guard Regiment">President Guard Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Security_Force" title="Special Security Force">Special Security Force</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_intelligence_community" title="Bangladeshi intelligence community">Intelligence</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Intelligence" title="National Security Intelligence">NSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_General_of_Forces_Intelligence" title="Directorate General of Forces Intelligence">DGFI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter_Terrorism_and_Intelligence_Bureau" title="Counter Terrorism and Intelligence Bureau">CTIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Branch_(Bangladesh)" title="Special Branch (Bangladesh)">Special Branch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Police" title="Bangladesh Police">Police</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Police_Battalion" title="Armed Police Battalion">APBn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Investigation_Department_(Bangladesh)" title="Criminal Investigation Department (Bangladesh)">CID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter_Terrorism_and_Transnational_Crime" title="Counter Terrorism and Transnational Crime">CTTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Police Bureau of Investigation">PBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_Action_Battalion" title="Rapid Action Battalion">RAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Security_and_Protection_Battalion" title="Special Security and Protection Battalion">SPBn</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh" title="Economy of Bangladesh">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Planning_Commission" title="Bangladesh Planning Commission">Bangladesh Planning Commission</a></li> <li><i>Industries:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Automotive industry in Bangladesh">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramics_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Ceramics industry in Bangladesh">Ceramics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Electronics industry in Bangladesh">Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Food industry in Bangladesh">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Pharmaceutical industry in Bangladesh">Pharmaceutical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Textile industry in Bangladesh">Textile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding_in_Bangladesh" title="Shipbuilding in Bangladesh">Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Steel industry in Bangladesh">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_Bangladesh" title="Tea production in Bangladesh">Tea production</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Finance sectors:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Bangladesh" title="Banking in Bangladesh">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Bank" title="Bangladesh Bank">Bangladesh Bank <span style="font-size:85%;">(central bank)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_taka" title="Bangladeshi taka">Bangladeshi taka <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_system_in_Bangladesh" title="Financial system in Bangladesh">Financial system</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Stock Exchange:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Stock_Exchange" title="Chittagong Stock Exchange">Chittagong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaka_Stock_Exchange" title="Dhaka Stock Exchange">Dhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Bangladesh_share_market_scam" title="2011 Bangladesh share market scam">2011 scam</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Energy and resources:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Bangladesh" title="Energy policy of Bangladesh">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Bangladesh" title="Electricity sector in Bangladesh">Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_and_petroleum_in_Bangladesh" title="Natural gas and petroleum in Bangladesh">Natural gas and petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Bangladesh">Nuclear energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Bangladesh" title="Renewable energy in Bangladesh">Renewable energy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Export_Processing_Zone_Authority" title="Bangladesh Export Processing Zone Authority">Export Processing Zones</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Bangladesh" title="Agriculture in Bangladesh">Agriculture</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rice_production_in_Bangladesh" title="Rice production in Bangladesh">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poultry_farming_in_Bangladesh" title="Poultry farming in Bangladesh">Poultry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Bangladesh">Fishing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Bangladesh" title="Forestry in Bangladesh">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Bangladesh" title="Tourism in Bangladesh">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Bangladesh" title="Poverty in Bangladesh">Poverty</a></li> <li><i>Infrastructure:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Post_Office" title="Bangladesh Post Office">Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bangladesh" title="Telecommunications in Bangladesh">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_in_Bangladesh" title="Real estate in Bangladesh">Real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Bangladesh" title="Water supply and sanitation in Bangladesh">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Bangladesh" title="Transport in Bangladesh">Transport</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Bangladesh" title="List of airports in Bangladesh">Airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airlines_of_Bangladesh" title="List of airlines of Bangladesh">Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Railway" title="Bangladesh Railway">Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_roads_in_Bangladesh" title="List of roads in Bangladesh">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ports_and_harbours_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Ports and harbours of Bangladesh">Ports</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Society of Bangladesh">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh" title="Demographics of Bangladesh">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Bangladesh">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshis" title="Bangladeshis">Bangladeshis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis">Bengalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladeshi name">Names</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Bangladesh" title="Crime in Bangladesh">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Bangladesh" title="Corruption in Bangladesh">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Bangladesh" title="Human trafficking in Bangladesh">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorism in Bangladesh">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Bangladesh" title="Education in Bangladesh">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Bangladesh" title="List of schools in Bangladesh">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Bangladesh" title="List of universities in Bangladesh">Universities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Bangladesh" title="Health in Bangladesh">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_in_Bangladesh" title="Hunger in Bangladesh">Hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bangladesh" title="Religion in Bangladesh">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_society" title="Bangladeshi society">Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bangladesh" title="Culture of Bangladesh">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Bangladesh" title="Architecture of Bangladesh">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangaliana" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangaliana">Bangaliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baul" title="Baul">Baul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_nationalism" title="Bangladeshi nationalism">Bangladeshi nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_nationalism" title="Bengali nationalism">Bengalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendars" title="Bengali calendars">Calendars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bangladesh" title="Cinema of Bangladesh">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_cuisine" title="Bangladeshi cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_studies" title="Bengal studies">Bengal studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_literature" title="Bengali literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bangladesh" title="Music of Bangladesh">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Bangladesh" title="Public holidays in Bangladesh">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Bangladesh" title="Sport in Bangladesh">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_traditional_games" title="Bengali traditional games">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_theatre" title="Bengali theatre">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Bangladesh" title="List of radio stations in Bangladesh">Radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Bangladesh" title="Television in Bangladesh">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Bangladesh" title="Sexuality in Bangladesh">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage in Bangladesh">Marriage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Bangladesh" title="National symbols of Bangladesh">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amar_Shonar_Bangla" class="mw-redirect" title="Amar Shonar Bangla">Amar Shonar Bangla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangamata" title="Bangamata">Bangamata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengal fire">Bengal fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_tiger" title="Bengal tiger">Bengal tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungalow" title="Bungalow">Bungalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bangladesh" title="Flag of Bangladesh">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh" title="Government Seal of Bangladesh">Government Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilish" title="Ilish">Ilish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackfruit" title="Jackfruit">Jackfruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_cat" title="Bengal cat">Bengal cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangifera_indica" title="Mangifera indica">Mango tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Emblem_of_Bangladesh" title="National Emblem of Bangladesh">National Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Martyrs%27_Memorial" title="National Martyrs' Memorial">National Martyrs' Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notuner_Gaan" title="Notuner Gaan">Notuner Gaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_magpie-robin" title="Oriental magpie-robin">Oriental magpie-robin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaea_nouchali" title="Nymphaea nouchali">Water lily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangladeshi_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Bangladeshi inventions and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Bangladesh" title="Outline of Bangladesh">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Bangladesh" title="Outline of Bangladesh">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bangladesh" title="Category:Bangladesh">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bangladesh" title="Portal:Bangladesh">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indian_independence_movement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_Independence_Movement" title="Template:Indian Independence Movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_Independence_Movement" title="Template talk:Indian Independence Movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_Independence_Movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian Independence Movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indian_independence_movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_India#Indian_independence_movement_(1885–1947)" title="History of India">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_India" title="Colonial India">Colonisation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Porto Grande de Bengala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Bengal" title="Dutch Bengal">Dutch Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_India" title="French India">French India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plassey" title="Battle of Plassey">Battle of Plassey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buxar" title="Battle of Buxar">Battle of Buxar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Mysore_Wars" title="Anglo-Mysore Wars">Anglo-Mysore Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="First Anglo-Mysore War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Second Anglo-Mysore War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Third Anglo-Mysore War">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Fourth Anglo-Mysore War">Fourth</a></li></ul></li> <li>Anglo-Maratha Wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="First Anglo-Maratha War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Second Anglo-Maratha War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Third Anglo-Maratha War">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwalior_campaign" title="Gwalior campaign">Gwalior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygar_Wars" title="Polygar Wars">Polygar Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellore_Mutiny" title="Vellore Mutiny">Vellore Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sannyasi_rebellion" title="Sannyasi rebellion">Sannyasi rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Rebellion of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radcliffe_Line" title="Radcliffe Line">Radcliffe Line</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:British_India" title="Category:British India">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophies<br />and ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">Ambedkarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhism" title="Gandhism">Gandhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">Indian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khilafat_Movement" title="Khilafat Movement">Khilafat Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_nationalism_in_South_Asia" title="Muslim nationalism in South Asia">Muslim nationalism in South Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha" title="Satyagraha">Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_India" title="Socialism in India">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swadeshi_movement" title="Swadeshi movement">Swadeshi movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaraj" title="Swaraj">Swaraj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events and<br /> movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1905)" title="Partition of Bengal (1905)">Partition of Bengal (1905)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1947)" title="Partition of Bengal (1947)">Partition of Bengal (1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_movement_for_Indian_independence" title="Revolutionary movement for Indian independence">Revolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_conspiracy_case" title="Delhi conspiracy case">Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Sociologist" title="The Indian Sociologist">The Indian Sociologist</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Singapore_Mutiny" title="1915 Singapore Mutiny">Singapore Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93German_Conspiracy" title="Hindu–German Conspiracy">Hindu–German Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champaran_Satyagraha" title="Champaran Satyagraha">Champaran Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kheda_Satyagraha_of_1918" title="Kheda Satyagraha of 1918">Kheda Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowlatt_Committee" title="Rowlatt Committee">Rowlatt Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowlatt_Act" title="Rowlatt Act">Rowlatt Bills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jallianwala_Bagh_massacre" title="Jallianwala Bagh massacre">Jallianwala Bagh massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noakhali_riots" title="Noakhali riots">Noakhali riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Non-cooperation movement (1919–1922)">Non-cooperation movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day_Plot" title="Christmas Day Plot">Christmas Day Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolie-Begar_movement" title="Coolie-Begar movement">Coolie-Begar movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauri_Chaura_incident" title="Chauri Chaura incident">Chauri Chaura incident, 1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakori_conspiracy" title="Kakori conspiracy">Kakori conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qissa_Khwani_massacre" title="Qissa Khwani massacre">Qissa Khwani massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Satyagraha" title="Flag Satyagraha">Flag Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardoli_Satyagraha" title="Bardoli Satyagraha">Bardoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Commission" title="Simon Commission">1928 Protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehru_Report" title="Nehru Report">Nehru Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Points_of_Jinnah" title="Fourteen Points of Jinnah">Fourteen Points of Jinnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purna_Swaraj" title="Purna Swaraj">Purna Swaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_March" title="Salt March">Salt March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharasana_Satyagraha" title="Dharasana Satyagraha">Dharasana Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedaranyam_March" title="Vedaranyam March">Vedaranyam March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_armoury_raid" title="Chittagong armoury raid">Chittagong armoury raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi%E2%80%93Irwin_Pact" title="Gandhi–Irwin Pact">Gandhi–Irwin Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Table_Conferences_(India)" title="Round Table Conferences (India)">Round table conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India_Act_1935" title="Government of India Act 1935">Act of 1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aundh_Experiment" title="Aundh Experiment">Aundh Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Legion" title="Indian Legion">Indian Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cripps_Mission" title="Cripps Mission">Cripps Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quit_India_Movement" title="Quit India Movement">Quit India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Navy_mutiny" title="Royal Indian Navy mutiny">Bombay Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_strikes_of_1946" title="Royal Air Force strikes of 1946">Royal Air Force strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_of_Yanaon" title="Coup d'état of Yanaon">Coup d'état of Yanaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_India" title="Provisional Government of India">Provisional Government of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(India)" title="Independence Day (India)">Independence Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_States_Peoples%27_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="All India States Peoples' Conference">Praja Mandala movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow_Pact" title="Lucknow Pact">Lucknow Pact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Kisan_Sabha" title="All India Kisan Sabha">All India Kisan Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">All-India Muslim League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anushilan_Samiti" title="Anushilan Samiti">Anushilan Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj">Arya Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Committee" title="Berlin Committee">Berlin Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadar_Movement" title="Ghadar Movement">Ghadar Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association" title="Hindustan Socialist Republican Association">Hindustan Socialist Republican Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Indian_National_Congress" title="History of the Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_House" title="India House">India House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Home_Rule_movement" title="Indian Home Rule movement">Indian Home Rule movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_League" title="Indian Independence League">Indian Independence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Army" title="Indian National Army">Indian National Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugantar" title="Jugantar">Jugantar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaksar_movement" title="Khaksar movement">Khaksar movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudai_Khidmatgar" title="Khudai Khidmatgar">Khudai Khidmatgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaraj_Party" title="Swaraj Party">Swaraj Party</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_independence_movement" title="Category:Indian independence movement">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social<br />reformers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashfaqulla_Khan" title="Ashfaqulla Khan">Ashfaqulla Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Vaidyanatha_Iyer" title="A. Vaidyanatha Iyer">A. Vaidyanatha Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayya_Vaikundar" title="Ayya Vaikundar">Ayya Vaikundar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyankali" title="Ayyankali">Ayyankali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Amte" title="Baba Amte">Baba Amte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Bal Gangadhar Tilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhondo_Keshav_Karve" title="Dhondo Keshav Karve">Dhondo Keshav Karve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Subramania_Iyer" title="G. Subramania Iyer">G. Subramania Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazulu_Lakshminarasu_Chetty" title="Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty">Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Ganesh_Agarkar" title="Gopal Ganesh Agarkar">Gopal Ganesh Agarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Hari_Deshmukh" title="Gopal Hari Deshmukh">Gopal Hari Deshmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopaldas_Ambaidas_Desai" title="Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai">Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishwar_Chandra_Vidyasagar" title="Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar">Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._Kripalani" title="J. B. Kripalani">J. B. Kripalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotirao_Phule" title="Jyotirao Phule">Jyotirao Phule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandukuri_Veeresalingam" title="Kandukuri Veeresalingam">Kandukuri Veeresalingam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadev_Govind_Ranade" title="Mahadev Govind Ranade">Mahadev Govind Ranade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muthulakshmi_Reddy" title="Muthulakshmi Reddy">Muthulakshmi Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana_Guru" title="Narayana Guru">Narayana Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niralamba_Swami" title="Niralamba Swami">Niralamba Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandita_Ramabai" title="Pandita Ramabai">Pandita Ramabai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periyar" title="Periyar">Periyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Mohan_Roy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Mohan Roy">Ram Mohan Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rettamalai_Srinivasan" title="Rettamalai Srinivasan">Rettamalai Srinivasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahajanand_Saraswati" title="Sahajanand Saraswati">Sahajanand Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savitribai_Phule" title="Savitribai Phule">Savitribai Phule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahu_of_Kolhapur" title="Shahu of Kolhapur">Shahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Nivedita" title="Sister Nivedita">Sister Nivedita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Khan" title="Syed Ahmad Khan">Syed Ahmad Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vakkom_Moulavi" title="Vakkom Moulavi">Vakkom Moulavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinoba_Bhave" title="Vinoba Bhave">Vinoba Bhave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitthal_Ramji_Shinde" title="Vitthal Ramji Shinde">Vitthal Ramji Shinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence<br /> activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Kalam_Azad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Kalam Azad">Abul Kalam Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accamma_Cherian" title="Accamma Cherian">Accamma Cherian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achyut_Patwardhan" title="Achyut Patwardhan">Achyut Patwardhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Fazlul_Huq" title="A. K. Fazlul Huq">A. K. Fazlul Huq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alluri_Sitarama_Raju" title="Alluri Sitarama Raju">Alluri Sitarama Raju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapurna_Maharana" title="Annapurna Maharana">Annapurna Maharana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Besant" title="Annie Besant">Annie Besant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashfaqulla_Khan" title="Ashfaqulla Khan">Ashfaqulla Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunwar_Singh" title="Kunwar Singh">Babu Kunwar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagha_Jatin" title="Bagha Jatin">Bagha Jatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafar" title="Bahadur Shah Zafar">Bahadur Shah II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakht_Khan" title="Bakht Khan">Bakht Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Bal Gangadhar Tilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basawon_Singh" title="Basawon Singh">Basawon Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begum_Hazrat_Mahal" title="Begum Hazrat Mahal">Begum Hazrat Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh" title="Bhagat Singh">Bhagat Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharathidasan" title="Bharathidasan">Bharathidasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavabhushan_Mitra" title="Bhavabhushan Mitra">Bhavabhushan Mitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhikaiji_Cama" title="Bhikaiji Cama">Bhikaiji Cama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhupendra_Kumar_Datta" title="Bhupendra Kumar Datta">Bhupendra Kumar Datta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidhan_Chandra_Roy" title="Bidhan Chandra Roy">Bidhan Chandra Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bipin_Chandra_Pal" title="Bipin Chandra Pal">Bipin Chandra Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">C. Rajagopalachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar_Azad" title="Chandra Shekhar Azad">Chandra Shekhar Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetram_Jatav" title="Chetram Jatav">Chetram Jatav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittaranjan_Das" title="Chittaranjan Das">Chittaranjan Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadabhai_Naoroji" title="Dadabhai Naoroji">Dadabhai Naoroji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhan_Singh" title="Dhan Singh">Dhan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukkipati_Nageswara_Rao" title="Dukkipati Nageswara Rao">Dukkipati Nageswara Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Krishna_Gokhale" title="Gopal Krishna Gokhale">Gopal Krishna Gokhale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Ballabh_Pant" title="Govind Ballabh Pant">Govind Ballabh Pant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har_Dayal" title="Har Dayal">Har Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemu_Kalani" title="Hemu Kalani">Hemu Kalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inayatullah_Khan_Mashriqi" title="Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi">Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatindra_Mohan_Sengupta" title="Jatindra Mohan Sengupta">Jatindra Mohan Sengupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatindra_Nath_Das" title="Jatindra Nath Das">Jatindra Nath Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Kamaraj" title="K. Kamaraj">K. Kamaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaiyalal_Maneklal_Munshi" title="Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi">Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghaffar_Khan" title="Abdul Ghaffar Khan">Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudiram_Bose" title="Khudiram Bose">Khudiram Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Krishna_Sinha" title="Shri Krishna Sinha">Shri Krishna Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Rai" title="Lala Lajpat Rai">Lala Lajpat Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Bhaktavatsalam" title="M. Bhaktavatsalam">M. Bhaktavatsalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._N._Roy" title="M. N. Roy">M. N. Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghfoor_Ahmad_Ajazi" title="Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi">Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadaji_Shinde" title="Mahadaji Shinde">Mahadaji Shinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangal_Pandey" title="Mangal Pandey">Mangal Pandey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Qasim" title="Mir Qasim">Mir Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithuben_Petit" title="Mithuben Petit">Mithuben Petit‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Jauhar" title="Mohammad Ali Jauhar">Mohammad Ali Jauhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mian_Mansoor_Ansari" title="Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari">Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagnath_Naikwadi" title="Nagnath Naikwadi">Nagnath Naikwadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_Fadnavis" title="Nana Fadnavis">Nana Fadnavis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_Saheb_Peshwa_II" title="Nana Saheb Peshwa II">Nana Saheb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Kakkan" title="P. Kakkan">P. Kakkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prafulla_Chaki" title="Prafulla Chaki">Prafulla Chaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pritilata_Waddedar" title="Pritilata Waddedar">Pritilata Waddedar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purushottam_Das_Tandon" title="Purushottam Das Tandon">Purushottam Das Tandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafi_Ahmed_Kidwai" title="Rafi Ahmed Kidwai">Rafi Ahmed Kidwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaswamy_Venkataraman" title="Ramaswamy Venkataraman">R. Venkataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Sankrityayan" title="Rahul Sankrityayan">Rahul Sankrityayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Prasad" title="Rajendra Prasad">Rajendra Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Prasad_Bismil" title="Ram Prasad Bismil">Ram Prasad Bismil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rani_of_Jhansi" title="Rani of Jhansi">Rani Lakshmibai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rash_Behari_Bose" title="Rash Behari Bose">Rash Behari Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahajanand_Saraswati" title="Sahajanand Saraswati">Sahajanand Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangolli_Rayanna" title="Sangolli Rayanna">Sangolli Rayanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu">Sarojini Naidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyapal_Dang" title="Satyapal Dang">Satyapal Dang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuja-ud-Daula" title="Shuja-ud-Daula">Shuja-ud-Daula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyamji_Krishna_Varma" title="Shyamji Krishna Varma">Shyamji Krishna Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_of_Pagaro_VI" title="Pir of Pagaro VI">Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_ud-Daulah" class="mw-redirect" title="Siraj ud-Daulah">Siraj ud-Daulah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramania_Bharati" title="Subramania Bharati">Subramania Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramaniya_Siva" title="Subramaniya Siva">Subramaniya Siva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya_Sen" title="Surya Sen">Surya Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mukherjee" title="Syama Prasad Mukherjee">Syama Prasad Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_Rani_Srivastava" title="Tara Rani Srivastava">Tara Rani Srivastava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarak_Nath_Das" title="Tarak Nath Das">Tarak Nath Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatya_Tope" title="Tatya Tope">Tatya Tope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruppur_Kumaran" title="Tiruppur Kumaran">Tiruppur Kumaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._O._Chidambaram_Pillai" title="V. O. Chidambaram Pillai">V. O. Chidamabaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Krishna_Menon" title="V. K. Krishna Menon">V. K. Krishna Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanchinathan" title="Vanchinathan">Vanchinathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veeran_Sundaralingam" title="Veeran Sundaralingam">Veeran Sundaralingam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virendranath_Chattopadhyaya" title="Virendranath Chattopadhyaya">Virendranath Chattopadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Holkar" title="Yashwantrao Holkar">Yashwantrao Holkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogendra_Shukla" title="Yogendra Shukla">Yogendra Shukla</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_independence_activists" title="Category:Indian independence activists">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">British leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Wavell,_1st_Earl_Wavell" title="Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell">Wavell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Canning,_1st_Earl_Canning" title="Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis">Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax">Irwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Thesiger,_1st_Viscount_Chelmsford" title="Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Curzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Robinson,_1st_Marquess_of_Ripon" title="George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon">Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound,_1st_Earl_of_Minto" title="Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto">Minto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Broun-Ramsay,_1st_Marquess_of_Dalhousie" title="James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie">Dalhousie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_William_Bentinck" title="Lord William Bentinck">Bentinck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mountbatten" title="Lord Mountbatten">Mountbatten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wellesley,_1st_Marquess_Wellesley" title="Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley">Wellesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bulwer-Lytton,_1st_Earl_of_Lytton" title="Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton">Lytton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Clive" title="Robert Clive">Clive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_James_Outram,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet">Outram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Cripps" title="Stafford Cripps">Cripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hope,_2nd_Marquess_of_Linlithgow" title="Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow">Linlithgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Hastings" title="Warren Hastings">Hastings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_Cabinet_Mission_to_India" title="1946 Cabinet Mission to India">Cabinet Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_India_(1947%E2%80%93present)" title="History of India (1947–present)">Republic of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Indian annexation of Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">Indian Independence Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_integration_of_India" title="Political integration of India">Political integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simla_Conference" title="Simla Conference">Simla Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong&oldid=1258357659">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong&oldid=1258357659</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Chittagong" title="Category:History of 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