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id="toc-Education_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_curriculum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_curriculum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>National curriculum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_curriculum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upcoming_national_curriculum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upcoming_national_curriculum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Upcoming national curriculum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upcoming_national_curriculum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primary_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Primary education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Secondary education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tertiary_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tertiary_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Tertiary education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tertiary_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_and_vocational_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_and_vocational_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Technical and vocational education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_and_vocational_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternative_education_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_education_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Alternative education system</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Alternative_education_system-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Alternative education system subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Alternative_education_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>International schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Madrasah_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Madrasah_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Madrasah education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Madrasah_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Profile_of_madrasa_education_in_Bangladesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Profile_of_madrasa_education_in_Bangladesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Profile of madrasa education in Bangladesh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Profile_of_madrasa_education_in_Bangladesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Refugee_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Refugee_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Refugee education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Refugee_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grading_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grading_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Grading system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grading_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-formal_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-formal_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Non-formal education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-formal_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Religious education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_issues_and_areas_for_improvement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_issues_and_areas_for_improvement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Current issues and areas for improvement</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Current_issues_and_areas_for_improvement-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Current issues and areas for improvement subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Current_issues_and_areas_for_improvement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education_expenditure_as_percentage_of_GDP" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_expenditure_as_percentage_of_GDP"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Education expenditure as percentage of GDP</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_expenditure_as_percentage_of_GDP-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qualitative_dimension" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qualitative_dimension"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Qualitative dimension</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qualitative_dimension-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gender_disparity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gender_disparity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Gender disparity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gender_disparity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-School_attendance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#School_attendance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>School attendance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-School_attendance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literacy_rate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literacy_rate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Literacy rate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literacy_rate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE" title="বাংলাদেশের শিক্ষা ব্যবস্থা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাংলাদেশের শিক্ষা ব্যবস্থা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82" title="ബംഗ്ലാദേശിലെ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബംഗ്ലാദേശിലെ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" 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Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Education in <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh.svg/220px-Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh.svg/330px-Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh.svg/440px-Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ccccff"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Bangladesh)" title="Ministry of Education (Bangladesh)">Ministry of Education</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Primary_and_Mass_Education" title="Ministry of Primary and Mass Education">Ministry of Primary and Mass Education</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Minister for Education<br /><br /> State Minister for Primary and Mass Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unavailable" class="mw-redirect" title="Unavailable">Unavailable</a><br /><br /><br /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rumana_Ali" title="Rumana Ali">Rumana Ali</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ccccff">National education budget (2020)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 7.832 billion<br /> (6,640 crore <a href="/wiki/Taka" class="mw-redirect" title="Taka">Taka</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ccccff">General details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>, English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">System type</th><td class="infobox-data">National</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established<br />compulsory education</th><td class="infobox-data">4 November 1972</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ccccff">Literacy (2022<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total</th><td class="infobox-data">74.66%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Male</th><td class="infobox-data">76.56%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Female</th><td class="infobox-data">72.82%</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ccccff">Enrollment</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total</th><td class="infobox-data">23,907,151 <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2019)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary</th><td class="infobox-data">16,230,000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Secondary</th><td class="infobox-data">7,400,000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Post secondary</th><td class="infobox-data">277,151</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ccccff">Attainment</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">Secondary diploma</a></th><td class="infobox-data">335,454</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">Post-secondary diploma</a></th><td class="infobox-data">86,948</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="text-align: left;background:#e6e6ff;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/profiles/Bangladesh/Education">"Bangladesh Education Stats"</a>. NationMaster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bangladesh+Education+Stats&rft.pub=NationMaster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationmaster.com%2Fcountry-info%2Fprofiles%2FBangladesh%2FEducation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span><br /> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928093839/http://www.bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/pb_wb_page.pdf">"Statistical Pocket Book-2006"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics">Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics</a>. 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/pb_wb_page.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+Pocket+Book-2006&rft.pub=Bangladesh+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbs.gov.bd%2Fdataindex%2Fpb_wb_page.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span><br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bangladesh/">"Bangladesh"</a>. <i>The World Factbook</i>. <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Bangladesh&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fbangladesh%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://data.unicef.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Bangladesh-Education-Fact-Sheets_V7.pdf">https://data.unicef.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Bangladesh-Education-Fact-Sheets_V7.pdf</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Education in Bangladesh</b> is administered by the country's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Bangladesh)" title="Ministry of Education (Bangladesh)">Ministry of Education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Education_in_Bangladesh_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Education_in_Bangladesh-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Primary_and_Mass_Education" title="Ministry of Primary and Mass Education">Ministry of Primary and Mass Education</a> implements policies for <a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">primary education</a> and <a href="/wiki/State-funded_school" class="mw-redirect" title="State-funded school">state-funded schools</a> at a local level.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Education in Bangladesh</i> is <a href="/wiki/Compulsory_education" title="Compulsory education">compulsory</a> for all citizens until the end of grade eight.<sup id="cite_ref-Education_in_Bangladesh_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Education_in_Bangladesh-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Primary and <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">secondary education</a> is funded by the state and free of charge in public schools.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bangladesh conforms fully to the UN's <a href="/wiki/Education_For_All" class="mw-redirect" title="Education For All">Education For All</a> (EFA) objectives<sup id="cite_ref-EFA2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EFA2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Development_Goals" title="Millennium Development Goals">Millennium Development Goals</a> (MDG)<sup id="cite_ref-MDG2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MDG2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as other education-related international declarations. Now, the government of Bangladesh tends to align the curriculum that meets the "Goal: SDG-4" that is the "Quality Education" characterized in the charter of "<a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_4" title="Sustainable Development Goal 4">Sustainable Development Goal 4</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Article 17 of the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Constitution">Bangladesh Constitution</a> provides that all children receive free and compulsory education.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Measurement_Initiative" title="Human Rights Measurement Initiative">The Human Rights Measurement Initiative (HRMI)</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> finds that Bangladesh is fulfilling only 67.4% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to education based on the country's level of income.<sup id="cite_ref-Bangladesh_–_HRMI_Rights_Tracker22_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bangladesh_–_HRMI_Rights_Tracker22-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> HRMI breaks down the right to education by looking at the rights to both primary education and secondary education. While taking into consideration Bangladesh's income level, the nation is achieving 99.2% of what should be possible based on its resources (income) for primary education but only 63.7% for secondary education.<sup id="cite_ref-Bangladesh_–_HRMI_Rights_Tracker22_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bangladesh_–_HRMI_Rights_Tracker22-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Again, the budgetary allocation is too inadequate that the following source reiterates "Out of the total budget of taka 678,064 crore (approximately 62.6 billion dollars) for FY23, the allocation for the education sector is taka 81,449 crore (approximately 7.5 billion dollars) or 12 percent of the total, compared to 11.9 percent in FY22. In terms of GDP ratio, it is 1.83 percent, lower than the outgoing fiscal year's allocation. This is one of the lowest in the world – far below the recommended minimum of 4–6% of GDP and 20% of the national budget."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the course of the past five decades, Bangladesh has achieved commendable advancements in the domain of education. As education stands as an indispensable human right, dedicated efforts are being exerted to guarantee its accessibility for every individual. Looking ahead to the next decade, it is conceivable that Bangladesh will attain a full literacy rate of 100 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A noteworthy facet in Bangladesh is the near-universal enrollment of children in schools, evident through a primary school net enrollment rate of 98%. Additionally, an increasing number of female students are enrolling in school, subsequently entering the workforce and making substantial contributions to the expansion of various economic sectors.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government in recent years has made notable efforts at improving women's educational condition in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_system">Education system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Education system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BangEduSys.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/BangEduSys.png/260px-BangEduSys.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/BangEduSys.png/390px-BangEduSys.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/BangEduSys.png/520px-BangEduSys.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="657" /></a><figcaption>A Bangladesh education system chart</figcaption></figure> <p>The main education system is divided into three levels: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-primary_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-primary education">Pre-primary level</a> (class k-2)<sup id="cite_ref-thedailystarviii_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thedailystarviii-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">Primary level</a> (class 3–8)<sup id="cite_ref-thedailystarviii_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thedailystarviii-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">Secondary level</a> (class 9–12)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">Tertiary level</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>At all levels of schooling, students can choose to receive their education either in English or <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bangladesh has allocated 60 percent of primary school teaching positions specifically for women.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is no <a href="/wiki/Middle_school" title="Middle school">middle school</a> in Bangladesh.<sup id="cite_ref-thedailystarIX_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thedailystarIX-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_curriculum">National curriculum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: National curriculum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Curriculum_and_Textbook_Board" title="National Curriculum and Textbook Board">National Curriculum and Textbook Board</a> (NCTB) provides textbooks, takes standardized tests via one of two languages: English<sup id="cite_ref-:1_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Bengali. Bengali and English are mandatory subjects for all students following the national curriculum irrespective of their chosen medium of instruction.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bengali version of the national curriculum is called "Bangla version" and the English version of the national curriculum is called "<a href="/wiki/English_version_schools_(Bangladesh)" title="English version schools (Bangladesh)">English version</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-:12_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those who follow these individual curriculums are called "Bangla version students" and "English version students" respectively. Bangla version of alternate curriculums are called "Bangla Medium" and English version of alternate curriculums are called "<a href="/wiki/English-medium_education" title="English-medium education">English medium</a>". Those who follow these individual alternate curriculums are called "Bangla medium students" and "English medium students" respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A student is expected to complete 12 years of education up to class 12. The curriculum does not include pre-school. </p><p>There is no choice of subjects offered to students under this curriculum until class 9 and again at class 11 when a student is expected to choose between 3 streams of education. The 3 streams of education are as following: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_arts" title="The arts">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_studies" title="Business studies">Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">Science</a> (Total 11 subjects must be studied for science students).<sup id="cite_ref-:12_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In class 9–10 and 11–12, each has its own pre-selected set of subjects with one optional subject which can be changed. For instance, a student studying in science group can't replace chemistry, Bangla or religion for accounting or history. But he can replace <a href="/wiki/Higher_math" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher math">higher math</a> or <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a> for <a href="/wiki/Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Arts">arts & crafts</a>. In other words, a student of this curriculum has to study a pre-set group of subjects with having only one choice of replacing an elective subject to another elective subject. Science is the most sought-after stream of education in urban areas.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A standardized exam is held in class 8 called <a href="/wiki/Junior_School_Certificate" title="Junior School Certificate">Junior School Certificate</a> (JSC) examination; schools often restrict students getting less than their set grade point average (GPA) from pursuing the science stream of education.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>100% of the mark obtained in certificates of <a href="/wiki/Primary_Education_Certificate" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary Education Certificate">PSC</a> (class 5), JSC (class 8), <a href="/wiki/Secondary_School_Certificate" title="Secondary School Certificate">SSC</a> (class 10), and <a href="/wiki/Higher_Secondary_School_Certificate" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher Secondary School Certificate">HSC</a> (class 12) examinations is obtained from standardized <a href="/wiki/Exam" title="Exam">written tests, multiple choice questions, practical part, and viva-voice involved with practical part</a>. Classroom performance, <a href="/wiki/Homework" title="Homework">homework and assignments</a> play no part in a <a href="/wiki/Academic_certificate" title="Academic certificate">student's certificate</a>. Standardized written tests (Creative part) and <a href="/wiki/Multiple_choice" title="Multiple choice">multiple-choice questions (MCQ)</a> are taken in a single sitting without breaks. A student is given a blank answer script separate from the question paper to answer the creative part, and a separate <a href="/wiki/Optical_mark_recognition" title="Optical mark recognition">Optical Mark Reader (OMR)</a> sheet to mark answers to Multiple Choice Questions. Time allocation for MCQ and <a href="/wiki/Question" title="Question">CQ (Creative Questions)</a> parts are separate and strictly enforced, OMR sheet is taken away after the allocated time, and CQ question is provided. Practical part is taken in another sitting on a separate day, <a href="/wiki/Oral_exam" title="Oral exam">viva-voice</a> is taken during practical exam simultaneously.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Concerning lesser than expected outcome of this curriculum, the ministry of education along with the NCTB are about to implement a completely reformed curriculum starting from 2023 and completely implemented in 2027. The new curriculum is approved by <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Bangladesh)" title="Ministry of Education (Bangladesh)">Ministry of Education</a> and is currently under use for classes 6–7.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Upcoming_national_curriculum">Upcoming national curriculum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Upcoming national curriculum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The approved major overhaul of the current <a href="/wiki/Curriculum" title="Curriculum">curriculum</a> is about to be implemented nationwide for classes 1–12 starting from classes 6 and 7 in 2023,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> classes 8 and 9 in 2024, class 10 in 2025, class 11 in 2026, and class 12 in 2027. The new curriculum is expected to reduce the need of <a href="/wiki/Tuition_centre" title="Tuition centre">school coaching centers</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as there will be various activities involved in the learning process<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> offering students a better understanding of each topic. It is expected to shift our curriculum from an outcome-centric one to a competency-based one with 10 selected competencies a student is supposed to possess at completion of class 12 with emphasis on character building.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the initiative, newly written books will be provided to all students of the national curriculum. Number of subjects will decrease, there will be topics covering <a href="/wiki/Health" title="Health">mental and physical health</a> under a subject called "Wellbeing" or "Bhalo Thaka / ভালো থাকা (Staying well)". Separate streams of education (<a href="/wiki/The_arts" title="The arts">Arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">Commerce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">Science</a>) will be eliminated for only 10 uniform subjects for classes 6–10 and SSC candidates, but such streams will remain for classes 11–12 or HSC candidates. Standardized board exams PEC (class 5) and JSC (class 8) will be abolished to reduce exam centric teaching and learning.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A significant part of the evaluation will come from class performance. There will be no standardized tests at schools or board up to class 3, students of classes one to three will be evaluated on the basis of their classroom performance alone. Besides a significant percentage of marks will come from classroom performance and continuous evaluation in their own schools to further reduce exam centric learning, however the percentage keeps reducing as a student is promoted to a higher class. </p><p>The question pattern is also expected to be changed under the new curriculum in accordance with international standards, but official declaration has not come yet detailing the new question pattern. The new question pattern is expected to replace current creative type questions as it could not fill up its purpose of introduction completely in current curriculum. </p><p><b><big>New curriculum criticism</big></b> </p><p>A few educationists have critically acclaimed the new education curriculum for classes VI and VII as modern and something that will not put excessive exam pressure on students. However, the curriculum has mostly faced backlash from parents, teachers and students all over the country.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A handful of conferences and non-violent protests have been held, with an aim to partially change the latest curriculum or return to the older one. The latest development in the assessment system fosters the idea that the total assessment system will be divided into two portions where a greater part will be done through written tests and the other (40%) part of the assessment will be done around the year.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schools">Schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> There are schools in Bangladesh that educates people of different backgrounds. This include International Schools with English or French as a medium of instruction, religiously affiliated schools, and schools teaching the national curriculum using Bengali or English as a medium of instruction. <i>French International School of Dhaka</i> <i>(Ecole Française Internationale de Dacca)</i> is a bilingual international school that offers 60% of its courses in French.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Aga Khan Academy, Dhaka</i> is an international school by Aga Khan Development Network which is an English only school with Bangla and French courses. <a href="/wiki/Cadet_Colleges_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadet Colleges in Bangladesh">Cadet Colleges</a> are important schools in the education system of Bangladesh which follows the national curriculum. A cadet <a href="/wiki/College" title="College">college</a> is a room and <a href="/wiki/Examination_board" title="Examination board">board</a> collegiate administered by the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Armed_Forces" title="Bangladesh Armed Forces">Bangladesh Military</a>. <a href="/wiki/Discipline" title="Discipline">Discipline</a> is compulsory at all cadet colleges. <a href="/wiki/Faujdarhat_Cadet_College" title="Faujdarhat Cadet College">Faujdarhat Cadet College</a> is the first cadet college in Bangladesh, established in 1958 over an area of 185 acres (0.75 km<sup>2</sup>) at <a href="/wiki/Faujdarhat" title="Faujdarhat">Faujdarhat</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Bangladesh" title="Districts of Bangladesh">district</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a>. At present, there are 12 cadet colleges in Bangladesh, including three for girls. Four Cadet Colleges were established before 1971. Other cadet colleges were built after the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Liberation War of Bangladesh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Feni_Girls_Cadet_College_classroom.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Feni_Girls_Cadet_College_classroom.JPG/260px-Feni_Girls_Cadet_College_classroom.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Feni_Girls_Cadet_College_classroom.JPG/390px-Feni_Girls_Cadet_College_classroom.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Feni_Girls_Cadet_College_classroom.JPG/520px-Feni_Girls_Cadet_College_classroom.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1486" data-file-height="1047" /></a><figcaption>Cadets in a classroom</figcaption></figure><p>Govt of <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> plans to build 1,000 primary <a href="/wiki/School" title="School">schools</a> in char areas.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of September 2019, <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">tertiary education</a> in Bangladesh takes place at 44 government, 101 private and 3 international universities. Students can choose to further their studies in chartered accountancy, engineering, technology, agriculture and medicine at a variety of universities and colleges.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Table: Number of Primary Education Institutions, Teachers and Students, 2018</b> </p><p>{An updated data chart January 2020 on the Primary Education can be retrieved from the following link} <sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="2"><b>School type</b> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b>No. of school</b> </td> <td colspan="3"><b>Total teachers</b> </td> <td colspan="3"><b>Total students</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>Female</b> </td> <td><b>% of female</b> </td> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>Girls</b> </td> <td><b>% of girls</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Govt. Primary School </td> <td>38033 </td> <td>222652 </td> <td>144434 </td> <td>64.9 </td> <td>10188129 </td> <td>5252022 </td> <td>51.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Nationalized PS </td> <td>25008 </td> <td>96460 </td> <td>47396 </td> <td>49.1 </td> <td>4483785 </td> <td>2278239 </td> <td>50.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total government school</b> </td> <td><b>63041</b> </td> <td><b>319112</b> </td> <td><b>191830</b> </td> <td><b>60.11</b> </td> <td><b>14671914</b> </td> <td><b>7530261</b> </td> <td><b>51.32</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Regd. NGPS </td> <td>193 </td> <td>771 </td> <td>464 </td> <td>60.2 </td> <td>38282 </td> <td>19611 </td> <td>51.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Non-regd. NGPS </td> <td>1744 </td> <td>6649 </td> <td>4716 </td> <td>70.9 </td> <td>256268 </td> <td>127112 </td> <td>49.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>School for Autistic </td> <td>33 </td> <td>282 </td> <td>246 </td> <td>89.2 </td> <td>10652 </td> <td>5250 </td> <td>49.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ebtadaee Madrasah </td> <td>2673 </td> <td>11673 </td> <td>2300 </td> <td>19.7 </td> <td>372277 </td> <td>181341 </td> <td>48.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kindergarten </td> <td>16170 </td> <td>93799 </td> <td>54813 </td> <td>58.4 </td> <td>1988365 </td> <td>914016 </td> <td>46.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>NGO School </td> <td>2512 </td> <td>5454 </td> <td>3764 </td> <td>69.0 </td> <td>210170 </td> <td>107898 </td> <td>51.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Community School </td> <td>120 </td> <td>405 </td> <td>322 </td> <td>79.5 </td> <td>16747 </td> <td>8679 </td> <td>51.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Attached to High Madrasah </td> <td>5526 </td> <td>19764 </td> <td>2812 </td> <td>14.2 </td> <td>871047 </td> <td>427341 </td> <td>49.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Primary Sections of High School </td> <td>1511 </td> <td>8301 </td> <td>4450 </td> <td>53.6 </td> <td>572751 </td> <td>295659 </td> <td>51.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>BRAC </td> <td>7779 </td> <td>7798 </td> <td>7277 </td> <td>93.3 </td> <td>324438 </td> <td>185873 </td> <td>57.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ROSC School </td> <td>3818 </td> <td>3591 </td> <td>2867 </td> <td>79.8 </td> <td>106884 </td> <td>53751 </td> <td>50.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sishu Kollyan Primary School </td> <td>133 </td> <td>410 </td> <td>277 </td> <td>67.6 </td> <td>15665 </td> <td>8284 </td> <td>52.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other Schools </td> <td>3262 </td> <td>4875 </td> <td>2967 </td> <td>60.9 </td> <td>97519 </td> <td>48808 </td> <td>50.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total:</b> </td> <td><b>108515</b> </td> <td><b>482884</b> </td> <td><b>279105</b> </td> <td><b>57.8</b> </td> <td><b>19552979</b> </td> <td><b>9913884</b> </td> <td><b>50.7</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>Non-English medium school </td> <td>108515 </td></tr> <tr> <td>English medium school </td> <td>196 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Age </th> <th>Grade </th> <th colspan="12">Educational Board </th> <th>Qawmi <p>Education Board </p> </th> <th>Alia Education Board </th></tr> <tr> <td>3+ </td> <td rowspan="2">Nursery </td> <td colspan="12" rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;">Pre-Primary Education </td> <td rowspan="3">Tahfeez ul Quran </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>5+ </td> <td>KG </td></tr> <tr> <td>6+ </td> <td>I </td> <td colspan="12" rowspan="5" style="text-align: center;">Primary Education </td> <td rowspan="5">Ibtedayi </td> <td rowspan="5" style="text-align: center;">Ebtedayee </td></tr> <tr> <td>7+ </td> <td>II </td></tr> <tr> <td>8+ </td> <td>III </td></tr> <tr> <td>9+ </td> <td>IV </td></tr> <tr> <td>10+ </td> <td>V </td></tr> <tr> <td>11+ </td> <td>VI </td> <td rowspan="7" style="text-align: center;">Secondary Education </td> <td colspan="11" rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;">Junior Secondary Education </td> <td rowspan="3">Mutawassitah </td> <td rowspan="5" style="text-align: center;">Dakhil </td></tr> <tr> <td>12+ </td> <td>VII </td></tr> <tr> <td>13+ </td> <td>VIII </td></tr> <tr> <td>14+ </td> <td>IX </td> <td colspan="4" rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Secondary Education </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;">SSC (Vocational) </td> <td colspan="5" rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Artisan Course </td> <td rowspan="2">Sanaria ammah </td></tr> <tr> <td>15+ </td> <td>X </td></tr> <tr> <td>16+ </td> <td>XI </td> <td colspan="4" rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Higher Secondary Education </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="4" style="text-align: center;">Diploma <p>(Engg.) </p> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;">HSC <p>(Vocational) </p> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;">C in Edu </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;">C in Agri </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Diploma<br />in Comm </td> <td rowspan="4" style="text-align: center;">Diploma in Nursing </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Alim </td></tr> <tr> <td>17+ </td> <td>XII </td></tr> <tr> <td>18+ </td> <td>XIII </td> <td rowspan="4" style="text-align: center;">Masters (Prel) </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;">Bachelor <p>(Pass) </p> </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="4" style="text-align: center;">LLB (Hons) </td> <td rowspan="4" style="text-align: center;"> <p>BSc(Hons) </p> </td> <td rowspan="4" style="text-align: center;">BBA </td> <td colspan="3" rowspan="3"> </td> <td rowspan="2">Fazilat </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Fazil </td></tr> <tr> <td>19+ </td> <td>XIV </td></tr> <tr> <td>20+ </td> <td>XV </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;">BSc <p>(Engg.) </p> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;">(BEngg.) </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="2">Takmil </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Kamil </td></tr> <tr> <td>21+ </td> <td>XVI </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Masters (Prel) </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">BEd & Dip.Ed </td> <td style="text-align: center;">B.P. Ed </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Dip (Lsc) </td></tr> <tr> <td>22+ </td> <td>XVII </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">MA/MSc/Mcom/MSS </td> <td style="text-align: center;">LLM </td> <td style="text-align: center;">MBBS BDS </td> <td style="text-align: center;">MSc </td> <td style="text-align: center;">MBA </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">MEd<br />& MA </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">MA (Lsc) </td> <td rowspan="4"> </td> <td rowspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23+ </td> <td>XVIII </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;">PhD </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">MPhil (Med.) </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;">PhD </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">MSc (Engg.) </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;">PhD (Edu.) </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24+ </td> <td>XIX </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Mphil </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Post MBBS </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;">PhD (Engg.) </td></tr> <tr> <td>25+ </td> <td>XX </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26+ </td> <td>XIX </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_education">Primary education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Primary education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Primary_school_at_Haor_by_Balaram_Mahalder.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Rural primary school." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Primary_school_at_Haor_by_Balaram_Mahalder.jpg/214px-Primary_school_at_Haor_by_Balaram_Mahalder.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Primary_school_at_Haor_by_Balaram_Mahalder.jpg/321px-Primary_school_at_Haor_by_Balaram_Mahalder.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Primary_school_at_Haor_by_Balaram_Mahalder.jpg/428px-Primary_school_at_Haor_by_Balaram_Mahalder.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A primary school in haor area, Bangladesh.</figcaption></figure> <p>The overall responsibility of management of <a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">primary education</a> lies with the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Primary_and_Mass_Education" title="Ministry of Primary and Mass Education">Ministry of Primary and Mass Education (MOPME)</a>, set up as a Ministry in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While MOPME is involved in formulation of policies, the responsibility of implementation rests with the Directorate of Primary Education (DPE) headed by a Director General.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Directorate of Primary Education (DPE) and its subordinate offices in the district and <a href="/wiki/Upazila" title="Upazila">Upazila</a> are solely responsible for management and supervision of primary education. Their responsibilities include recruitment, posting, and transfer of teachers and other staff; arranging in-service training of teachers; distribution of free textbooks; and supervision of schools. The responsibility of school construction, repair and supply of school furniture lies with the DPE executed through the Local Government Engineering Department (LGED).<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The National Curriculum and Textbook Board (NCTB) is responsible for the development of curriculum and production of textbooks. According to the National Curriculum and Textbook Board, this year (2022), 34,70,16,277 textbooks have been distributed among 4,17,26,856 pre-primary, primary, secondary, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Madrasah_Education_Board" title="Bangladesh Madrasah Education Board">Ebtedayee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Madrasah_Education_Board" title="Bangladesh Madrasah Education Board">Dakhil</a>, vocational, SSC vocational, ethnic minority groups and visually challenged students across the country. Of the total textbooks, 24,71,63,256 are for secondary and 9,98,53,021 for primary level students.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Bangladesh)" title="Ministry of Education (Bangladesh)">Ministry of Education (MOE)</a> is responsible for formulation of policies, the Directorate of Secondary and Higher Education (DSHE) under the Ministry of Education is responsible for implementing the same at secondary and higher education levels.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NCTB is responsible for developing curriculum and publishing standard textbooks. </p><p>The Directorate of Primary Education (DPE) are responsible for conducting the two public examinations: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_Education_Certificate" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary Education Certificate">Primary Education Certificate</a> (PEC) (<a href="/wiki/Fifth_grade" title="Fifth grade">5 grade</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_School_Certificate" title="Junior School Certificate">Junior School Certificate</a> (JSC) (<a href="/wiki/Eighth_grade" title="Eighth grade">8th grade</a>) <sup id="cite_ref-:0_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The recent update on the <a href="/wiki/Primary_School_Certificate" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary School Certificate">PEC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Junior_School_Certificate" title="Junior School Certificate">JSC</a> examinations are that <i>"There will be no Primary Education Completion (PEC) and Junior School Certificate (JSC) examinations from 2023"</i>, disclosed Education Minister <a href="/wiki/Dipu_Moni" title="Dipu Moni">Dipu Moni</a> at a Secretariat Press Conference in September 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Joseph_Higher_Secondary_School_-_North_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="St Joseph School" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Saint_Joseph_Higher_Secondary_School_-_North_building.jpg/259px-Saint_Joseph_Higher_Secondary_School_-_North_building.jpg" decoding="async" width="259" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Saint_Joseph_Higher_Secondary_School_-_North_building.jpg/389px-Saint_Joseph_Higher_Secondary_School_-_North_building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Saint_Joseph_Higher_Secondary_School_-_North_building.jpg/518px-Saint_Joseph_Higher_Secondary_School_-_North_building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3104" data-file-height="2328" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph_Higher_Secondary_School" title="St. Joseph Higher Secondary School">St Joseph Higher Secondary School, Dhaka</a>, one of the most prestigious Educational Institutions in Bangladesh providing both secondary and higher secondary education.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_education">Secondary education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Secondary education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/High_Schools_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="High Schools in Bangladesh">High Schools in Bangladesh</a></div> <p>The secondary level of education is controlled by the ten general education boards: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Madrasah_Education_Board" title="Bangladesh Madrasah Education Board">Bangladesh Madrasah Education Board</a> for <a href="/wiki/Alia_Madrasah_Education_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Alia Madrasah Education Board">Alia Madrasah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Intermediate_and_Secondary_Education,_Barisal" title="Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Barisal">Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Barishal</a> for <a href="/wiki/Barisal_Division" title="Barisal Division">Barisal Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Intermediate_and_Secondary_Education,_Chittagong" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Chittagong">Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Chittagong</a> for <a href="/wiki/Greater_Chittagong" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Chittagong">Chittagong Region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Division" title="Chittagong Division">Chittagong Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Intermediate_and_Secondary_Education,_Comilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Comilla">Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Comilla</a> for <a href="/wiki/Greater_Comilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Comilla">Cumilla region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Division" title="Chittagong Division">Chittagong Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Intermediate_and_Secondary_Education,_Dhaka" title="Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Dhaka">Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Dhaka</a> for <a href="/wiki/Dhaka_Division" title="Dhaka Division">Dhaka Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Intermediate_and_Secondary_Education,_Dinajpur" title="Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Dinajpur">Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Dinajpur</a> for <a href="/wiki/Rangpur_Division" title="Rangpur Division">Rangpur Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Intermediate_and_Secondary_Education,_Jessore" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Jessore">Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Jessore</a> for <a href="/wiki/Khulna_Division" title="Khulna Division">Khulna Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Intermediate_and_Secondary_Education,_Mymensingh" title="Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Mymensingh">Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Mymensingh</a> for <a href="/wiki/Mymensingh_Division" title="Mymensingh Division">Mymensingh Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Intermediate_and_Secondary_Education,_Rajshahi" title="Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Rajshahi">Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Rajshahi</a> for <a href="/wiki/Rajshahi_Division" title="Rajshahi Division">Rajshahi Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Intermediate_and_Secondary_Education,_Sylhet" title="Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Sylhet">Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Sylhet</a> for <a href="/wiki/Sylhet_Division" title="Sylhet Division">Sylhet Division</a></li></ul> <p>The boards' headquarters are located in <a href="/wiki/Barisal" title="Barisal">Barisal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comilla" title="Comilla">Comilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinajpur_District,_Bangladesh" title="Dinajpur District, Bangladesh">Dinajpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jessore_District" title="Jessore District">Jessore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mymensingh" title="Mymensingh">Mymensingh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajshahi" title="Rajshahi">Rajshahi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sylhet" title="Sylhet">Sylhet</a>. </p><p>Nine region-based Boards of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE) are responsible for conducting the two public examinations: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_School_Certificate" title="Secondary School Certificate">Secondary School Certificate</a> (SSC) (<a href="/wiki/Tenth_grade" title="Tenth grade">10th grade</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_Secondary_School_Certificate" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher Secondary School Certificate">Higher Secondary School Certificate</a> (HSC) (<a href="/wiki/Twelfth_grade" title="Twelfth grade">12th grade</a>)</li></ul> <p>At the school level, in the case of non-government secondary schools, School Management Committees (SMC), and at the intermediate college level, in the case of non-government colleges, Governing Bodies (GB), formed as per government directives, are responsible for mobilizing resources, approving budgets, controlling expenditures, and appointing and disciplining staff. While teachers at non-government secondary schools are recruited by concerned SMCs observing relevant government rules, teachers at government secondary schools are recruited centrally by the DSHE through a competitive examination. </p><p>In government secondary schools, there is not an SMC. The <a href="/wiki/Head_teacher" title="Head teacher">headmaster</a> is solely responsible for running the school and is supervised by the deputy director of the respective zone. <a href="/wiki/Parent%E2%80%93teacher_association" title="Parent–teacher association">Parent Teachers Associations</a> (PTAs), however, exist to ensure a better teaching and learning environment.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EFA_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EFA-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tertiary_education">Tertiary education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Tertiary education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Universities_in_Bangladesh" title="Universities in Bangladesh">Universities in Bangladesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_Grants_Commission_(Bangladesh)" class="mw-redirect" title="University Grants Commission (Bangladesh)">University Grants Commission (Bangladesh)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Bangladesh" title="List of universities in Bangladesh">List of universities in Bangladesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_medical_colleges_in_Bangladesh" title="List of medical colleges in Bangladesh">List of medical colleges in Bangladesh</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nightview-AIUB_permanent_campus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="AIUB, Dhaka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nightview-AIUB_permanent_campus.jpg/220px-Nightview-AIUB_permanent_campus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nightview-AIUB_permanent_campus.jpg/330px-Nightview-AIUB_permanent_campus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nightview-AIUB_permanent_campus.jpg/440px-Nightview-AIUB_permanent_campus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2803" data-file-height="1869" /></a><figcaption>Night View, <a href="/wiki/American_International_University-Bangladesh" title="American International University-Bangladesh">American International University Bangladesh</a> (Private University), Dhaka</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Department_of_Computer_Science_and_Engineering_at_University_of_Chittagong_(10).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="CUET" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Department_of_Computer_Science_and_Engineering_at_University_of_Chittagong_%2810%29.jpg/220px-Department_of_Computer_Science_and_Engineering_at_University_of_Chittagong_%2810%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Department_of_Computer_Science_and_Engineering_at_University_of_Chittagong_%2810%29.jpg/330px-Department_of_Computer_Science_and_Engineering_at_University_of_Chittagong_%2810%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Department_of_Computer_Science_and_Engineering_at_University_of_Chittagong_%2810%29.jpg/440px-Department_of_Computer_Science_and_Engineering_at_University_of_Chittagong_%2810%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Department of Computer Science and Engineering at <a href="/wiki/Chittagong_University_of_Engineering_%26_Technology" title="Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology">Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curzon_Hall_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Curzon Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Curzon_Hall_Panorama.jpg/230px-Curzon_Hall_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Curzon_Hall_Panorama.jpg/345px-Curzon_Hall_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Curzon_Hall_Panorama.jpg/460px-Curzon_Hall_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1630" /></a><figcaption>Curzon Hall, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Dhaka" title="University of Dhaka">University of Dhaka</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dhaka_Medical_College_and_Hospital_1940s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="DMCH 1940s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Dhaka_Medical_College_and_Hospital_1940s.jpg/220px-Dhaka_Medical_College_and_Hospital_1940s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Dhaka_Medical_College_and_Hospital_1940s.jpg/330px-Dhaka_Medical_College_and_Hospital_1940s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Dhaka_Medical_College_and_Hospital_1940s.jpg/440px-Dhaka_Medical_College_and_Hospital_1940s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1069" data-file-height="728" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Dhaka_Medical_College_and_Hospital" title="Dhaka Medical College and Hospital">Dhaka Medical College and Hospital</a> (1940s), Dhaka</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NSU-Front_View_by_xergone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/NSU-Front_View_by_xergone.jpg/220px-NSU-Front_View_by_xergone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/NSU-Front_View_by_xergone.jpg/330px-NSU-Front_View_by_xergone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/NSU-Front_View_by_xergone.jpg/440px-NSU-Front_View_by_xergone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="301" /></a><figcaption>Front view of <a href="/wiki/North_South_University" title="North South University">North South University</a> (Private University), Dhaka</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shahbag_PG_Hospital_2_by_Ragib_Hasan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="BSMMU/ PG" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Shahbag_PG_Hospital_2_by_Ragib_Hasan.jpg/220px-Shahbag_PG_Hospital_2_by_Ragib_Hasan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Shahbag_PG_Hospital_2_by_Ragib_Hasan.jpg/330px-Shahbag_PG_Hospital_2_by_Ragib_Hasan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Shahbag_PG_Hospital_2_by_Ragib_Hasan.jpg/440px-Shahbag_PG_Hospital_2_by_Ragib_Hasan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bangabandhu_Sheikh_Mujib_Medical_University" title="Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University">Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University</a>, Dhaka</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Civil_Engineering_Building_of_BUET_seen_from_EME_Building.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Civil_Engineering_Building_of_BUET_seen_from_EME_Building.JPG/220px-Civil_Engineering_Building_of_BUET_seen_from_EME_Building.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Civil_Engineering_Building_of_BUET_seen_from_EME_Building.JPG/330px-Civil_Engineering_Building_of_BUET_seen_from_EME_Building.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Civil_Engineering_Building_of_BUET_seen_from_EME_Building.JPG/440px-Civil_Engineering_Building_of_BUET_seen_from_EME_Building.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Civil_Engineering,_BUET" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Civil Engineering, BUET">Civil Engineering Building</a> of <a href="/wiki/BUET" class="mw-redirect" title="BUET">BUET</a></figcaption></figure> <p>At the tertiary level, <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">universities</a> are regulated by the <a href="/wiki/University_Grants_Commission_(Bangladesh)" class="mw-redirect" title="University Grants Commission (Bangladesh)">University Grants Commission</a>. There are three types of Universities in Bangladesh; Public, Private, and International.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some colleges providing tertiary education are affiliated under the National University. Each of the private medical colleges is affiliated with a public university. Universities in Bangladesh are autonomous bodies administered by statutory bodies such as Syndicate, Senate, Academic Council, etc. in accordance with provisions laid down in their respective acts.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Universities in Bangladesh represent about 150 academic bodies of the conventional higher education institution (HEI) in Bangladesh. Segmented by management and financial structure, these include 43 public universities, 103 private universities, 2 international universities, 31 specialized colleges, and 2 special universities. There are specialized universities in all categories offering courses principally in technological studies, medical studies, business studies and Islamic studies. There are two private universities dedicated solely to female students. The number of universities is growing mostly in and around the capital city of Dhaka. </p><p><b>Public University</b> </p><p>Public universities are heavily subsidized by Government of Bangladesh to let students from most financial conditions study in these institutes. They admit students via competitive written standardized tests after meeting eligible High School grade criteria with little to no regards for extracurricular activities. Number of foreign teachers and students in these universities are very limited although many of them accept students passing from alternative curriculums.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Private University</b> </p><p>Most of the Universities of Bangladesh are private. Unlike public universities they're not given financial support by government. They're regulated by the University Grants Commission along with public universities. By law, all private universities must get a permanent campus within 12 years of starting operations.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Foreign students and teachers are more often found in private universities due to more flexible requirements than their public counterparts. Private medical colleges must be under a public university, currently no private medical college in Bangladesh is providing post graduate degrees, and other private universities are allowed to provide <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">master's degree</a> but not <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Philosophy" title="Master of Philosophy">MPhil</a> or <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technical_and_vocational_education">Technical and vocational education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Technical and vocational education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jessore_Polytechic_Istitute_awesome_place_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Jessore Polytechnic Institute" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Jessore_Polytechic_Istitute_awesome_place_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Jessore_Polytechic_Istitute_awesome_place_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Jessore_Polytechic_Istitute_awesome_place_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Jessore_Polytechic_Istitute_awesome_place_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Jessore_Polytechic_Istitute_awesome_place_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Jessore_Polytechic_Istitute_awesome_place_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jessore_Polytechnic_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Jessore Polytechnic Institute">Jessore Polytechnic Institute</a>, Jessore.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Technical and Vocational Education System provides courses related to various applied and practical areas of science, technology and engineering, or focuses on a specific specialized area. Course duration ranges from one month to four years. The <a href="/wiki/Technical_Education_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical Education Board">Technical Education Board</a> controls technical and vocational training in the secondary level and also Two years HSC BM/Vocational in higher secondary level. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Technical_Education" title="Directorate of Technical Education">Directorate of Technical Education</a> (DTE) is responsible for the planning, development, and implementation of technical and vocational education in the country. Curriculum is implemented by BTEB. In the Technical Education System, after obtaining a <a href="/wiki/Diploma" title="Diploma">Diploma</a>-in-Engineering degree (four-year curriculum) from the institutes listed below, students can further pursue their educational career by obtaining a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a> from Engineering & Technology Universities. It normally it takes an additional two and a half to three years of coursework to obtain a bachelor's degree, although some students take more than three years to do so. They can then enroll in post-graduate studies. Students can also study CA (Chartered Accounting) after passing <a href="/wiki/Secondary_School_Certificate" title="Secondary School Certificate">HSC</a> or bachelor's degree and subject to fulfilling the entry criteria of the <a href="/wiki/The_Institute_of_Chartered_Accountants_of_Bangladesh" title="The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Bangladesh">Institute of Chartered Accountants of Bangladesh (ICAB)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Bank" title="Bangladesh Bank">Bangladesh Bank</a>, there are 39 C.A firms in Bangladesh eligible for auditing banks and finance companies.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Sweden_Polytechnic_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Sweden Polytechnic Institute">Bangladesh Sweden Polytechnic Institute</a> Bangladesh Sweden Polytechnic Institute or Swedish as it is commonly known, is a government Diploma Engineering College located in Kaptai, Rangamati Hill Tracts in Bangladesh which Established in 1963.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barisal_Polytechnic_Institute" title="Barisal Polytechnic Institute">Barishal Polytechnic Institute</a> – one of the largest polytechnic institutes in Bangladesh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BCMC_College_of_Engineering_%26_Technology" title="BCMC College of Engineering & Technology">BCMC College of Engineering & Technology</a> – ISO certified and the largest private engineering college in Bangladesh, situated in Jessore</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogra_Polytechnic_Institute" title="Bogra Polytechnic Institute">Bogura Polytechnic Institute</a> – one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_technology" title="Institute of technology">polytechnic</a> institutes in Bangladesh</li> <li><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F" class="extiw" title="bn:ব্রাহ্মণবাড়িয়া পলিটেকনিক ইনস্টিটিউট">Brahmanbaria Polytechnic Institute</a> – a government technical institute in Brahmanbaria a state-supported technical academic institute, established in 2005</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comilla_Polytechnic_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Comilla Polytechnic Institute">Comilla Polytechnic Institute</a> – founded in 1962, one of the largest and well-reputed government polytechnic institutes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Polytechnic_Institute" title="Chittagong Polytechnic Institute">Chittagong Polytechnic Institute</a> – provides theoretical and practical education of basic Engineering and technology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaka_Polytechnic_Institute" title="Dhaka Polytechnic Institute">Dhaka Polytechnic Institute</a> – a government technical institute in Dhaka</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feni_Polytechnic_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Feni Polytechnic Institute">Feni Polytechnic Institute</a> – created on 29 February 1964, has around 2,000 students</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_Arts_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphic Arts Institute">Graphic Arts Institute</a> – the only government printing and graphic design institute in Bangladesh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessore_Polytechnic_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Jessore Polytechnic Institute">Jessore Polytechnic Institute</a> a government engineering institute located in Jashore</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khulna_Polytechnic_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Khulna Polytechnic Institute">Khulna Polytechnic Institute</a> – a government technical institute in <a href="/wiki/Khulna" title="Khulna">Khulna</a></li> <li>Kushtia Polytechnic Institute – a government polytechnic institute in Kushtia</li> <li><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F" class="extiw" title="bn:কিশোরগঞ্জ পলিটেকনিক ইনস্টিটিউট">Kishoreganj Polytechnic Institute</a> – a government polytechnic institute in Kishoreganj</li> <li><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F" class="extiw" title="bn:মাগুরা পলিটেকনিক ইনস্টিটিউট">Magura polytechnic institute</a> - a government technical institute located in Magura</li> <li>Mangrove Institute of Science and Technology – a <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">non-government</a> technical institute in Khulna</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mymensingh_Polytechnic_Institute" title="Mymensingh Polytechnic Institute">Mymensingh Polytechnic Institute</a> – established in 1963 by the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patuakhali_Polytechnic_Institute" title="Patuakhali Polytechnic Institute">Patuakhali Polytechnic Institute</a> – one of the largest polytechnic institutes in Bangladesh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajshahi_Polytechnic_Institute" title="Rajshahi Polytechnic Institute">Rajshahi Polytechnic Institute</a> – a government technical institute in Rajshahi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylhet_Polytechnic_Institute" title="Sylhet Polytechnic Institute">Sylhet Polytechnic Institute</a> – a state-supported technical academic institute, established in 1955 by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Pakistani Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satkhira_Polytechnic_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Satkhira Polytechnic Institute">Satkhira Polytechnic Institute</a> a government technical institute located in Satkhira</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternative_education_system">Alternative education system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Alternative education system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_schools">International schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: International schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ISD_Admin_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/ISD_Admin_Building.jpg/220px-ISD_Admin_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/ISD_Admin_Building.jpg/330px-ISD_Admin_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/ISD_Admin_Building.jpg/440px-ISD_Admin_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2888" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/International_School_Dhaka" title="International School Dhaka">International School Dhaka</a>, an IB World school in Dhaka</figcaption></figure> <p>International Schools are mainly private schools where all the courses are taught in English and in international curriculums except language subjects i.e., <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bangla</a> or <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>. These schools in Bangladesh follow the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Assessment_International_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Assessment International Education">Cambridge Assessment International Education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edexcel" title="Edexcel">Pearson Edexcel</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate">International Baccalaureate</a> and some other curriculums where students are prepared for taking their <a href="/wiki/GCE_Ordinary_Level" title="GCE Ordinary Level">Ordinary Level (O Level)</a> <a href="/wiki/International_General_Certificate_of_Secondary_Education" title="International General Certificate of Secondary Education">IGCSE (Cambridge)</a>/ <a href="/wiki/International_GCSE" class="mw-redirect" title="International GCSE">International GCSE</a> (Edexcel), <a href="/wiki/A-Level" class="mw-redirect" title="A-Level">Advanced Level (A Level)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/IB_Diploma_Programme" title="IB Diploma Programme">IBDP</a> examinations. The Ordinary level / IGCSE, International GCSE / <a href="/wiki/GCE_Advanced_Level_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="GCE Advanced Level (United Kingdom)">Advanced Level</a> / IBDP examinations are considered international equivalent to the <a href="/wiki/Secondary_School_Certificate" title="Secondary School Certificate">Secondary School Certificate</a> (SSC) and <a href="/wiki/Higher_Secondary_School_Certificate" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher Secondary School Certificate">Higher Secondary School Certificate</a> (HSC) examinations respectively and accepted by local Colleges and Universities. </p><p>Most students sit for these exams through attending the registered schools in Bangladesh who follow the curriculums. Those who do not attend a school that follows the British curriculums (not International Baccalaureate) may also sit for their Ordinary, IGCSE and Advanced Level examinations from the <a href="/wiki/British_Council_Bangladesh" title="British Council Bangladesh">British Council</a> as a private candidate. These examinations are conducted under the supervision of the British Council in Bangladesh. The school examinations conducted by the British Council takes place twice a year. Currently, there are two boards operating from Bangladesh for Ordinary and Advanced Level Examinations, which are Pearson Edexcel and Cambridge Assessment International Education. However, Bangladesh has recently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (September 2020)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> opened <a href="/wiki/English_version_schools_(Bangladesh)" title="English version schools (Bangladesh)">English version schools</a> translating National Curriculum textbooks into English except the mandatory Bangla subject.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Madrasah_education">Madrasah education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Madrasah education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Bangladesh" title="Islam in Bangladesh">Islam in Bangladesh</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Madrasah" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrasah">Madrasah</a> Education System focuses on <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Islam" title="Education in Islam">Islamic education</a>, teaching all the basics of education in a religious environment. Islamic studies are taught in <a href="/wiki/Classical_Arabic" title="Classical Arabic">Arabic</a>, Bengali, and sometimes even in English. During the <a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan era</a>, religious education was also taught in <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The students in some areas also serve the local area <a href="/wiki/Masjid" class="mw-redirect" title="Masjid">masjids</a>. Students also have to complete all the courses from the General Education System. Many privately licensed Madrasas take in homeless children and provide them with food, shelter and education, e.g., <a href="/wiki/Jamia_Tawakkulia_Renga_Madrasah" title="Jamia Tawakkulia Renga Madrasah">Jamia Tawakkulia Renga Madrasah</a> in Sylhet. </p><p>There are two types of madrasas in Bangladesh. One, the "Qawmi" madrasas, are privately funded.<sup id="cite_ref-Mumtaz2008_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mumtaz2008-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other, the "Alia" madrasas, are privately owned but subsidized by the government (the government spends 11.5% of its education budget on alia madrasahs, paying 80% of teacher and administrator salaries).<sup id="cite_ref-Mumtaz2008_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mumtaz2008-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Qawmi madrasahs account for 1.9% of total primary enrollment and 2.2% of secondary enrollment; Alia madrasahs account for 8.4% of primary and 19% of secondary enrollment.<sup id="cite_ref-DavisMiroshnikova2013_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DavisMiroshnikova2013-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The alia system is like the general education system, except that Arabic is taught in addition to general education. The <a href="/wiki/Madrasah_Education_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrasah Education Board">Madrasah Education Board</a> covers religious education in government-registered Madrasahs in the secondary level. After passing "Alim", a student can enroll for three additional years to obtain a "Fazil" level. Students can go for further general education and earn a university degree. After passing successfully, they can further enroll for another two years to obtain a "Kamil" level degree. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The following table provides a statistical comparison of the "Qawmi" and "Alia" madrasah systems.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Profile_of_madrasa_education_in_Bangladesh">Profile of madrasa education in Bangladesh</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Profile of madrasa education in Bangladesh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Madrasa type </th> <th>No. of Madrasa </th> <th>No. of Students </th> <th>No. of Teachers </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><b>Government-funded (Alia) Madrasa</b> </td> <td align="center">10,450<sup id="cite_ref-dstar1_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dstar1-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="center">2 million </td> <td align="center">100,732 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><b>Private (Qawmi) Madrasa</b> </td> <td align="center">15000<sup id="cite_ref-dstar2_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dstar2-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="center">4 million </td> <td align="center">200,000 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Refugee_education">Refugee education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Refugee education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Rohingya_people" title="Rohingya people">Rohingya people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rohingya_refugees_in_Bangladesh" title="Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh">Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rohingya_genocide" title="Rohingya genocide">Rohingya genocide</a></div> <p>Due to the <a href="/wiki/Rohingya_genocide" title="Rohingya genocide">Rohingya genocide</a>, thousands of <a href="/wiki/Rohingya_people" title="Rohingya people">Rohingyas</a> fled to Bangladesh in order to survive the <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnic cleansing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government has had hard times managing the refugees, particularly when it comes to their education since Rohingyas are mostly illiterate because they were denied their right to education as a part of the <a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">persecution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2020, approximately one-third of <a href="/wiki/Rohingya_refugees_in_Bangladesh" title="Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh">Rohingya children refugees</a> were able to access <a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">primary education</a>, primarily through temporary centers run by international organizations. <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a> runs approximately 1,600 learning centers across the country, educating around 145,000 children.<sup id="cite_ref-AJE_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJE-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in April 2020, UNICEF and the government of Bangladesh were scheduled to enroll 10,000 Rohingya children in schools where they will be taught the Myanmar school curriculum.<sup id="cite_ref-AJE_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJE-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grading_system">Grading system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Grading system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Bangladesh, grades equal or above 33% (or one third) is considered as a passing grade. </p><p>Since the education system of Bangladesh is completely controlled by the government up to higher secondary level (or grade 12), the grading system up to this point is more or less the same. For each subject, grades are converted into 'grade points (GP)' and are summed up and divided by the total number of subjects, and thus is called 'grade point average (GPA)'. The highest achievable GPA is 5.0. There is also a 'letter grade (LG)' that indicates a range of GPA for total result, or a single GP for a single subject. The grading system is shown below. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align:center;"> <caption>Letter grade system of individual subject<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Class interval </th> <th>Grade point </th> <th>Letter grade </th></tr> <tr> <td>100-80 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>A+ </td></tr> <tr> <td>79 -70 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>A </td></tr> <tr> <td>69–60 </td> <td>3.5 </td> <td>A- </td></tr> <tr> <td>59–50 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>B </td></tr> <tr> <td>49 -40 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>C </td></tr> <tr> <td>39–33 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>D </td></tr> <tr> <td>32–0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>F </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>However, in secondary and higher secondary Level, a fourth subject or optional subject system is introduced. Although failing in the fourth subject will not be judged as a failure for the whole, doing good in it can contribute to gain additional grade points. The additional grade points received is simply (GP in 4th subject) – 2. While counting GPA the algorithm can be simply written as: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle GPA={\tfrac {TGP+OGP}{N}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>G</mi> <mi>P</mi> <mi>A</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mi>G</mi> <mi>P</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>O</mi> <mi>G</mi> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle GPA={\tfrac {TGP+OGP}{N}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3d8634080cd3936da7263889eecfbdc92dcf8bf0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:17.991ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle GPA={\tfrac {TGP+OGP}{N}}}"></span> </p><p>Here, TGP is the total grade points gained in subjects other than optional. OGP is the additional GP gained in 4th subject. N is the number of total subjects of course without optional. </p><p>Note that GPA cannot be above 5. Additional GP gained from the optional subject will not be counted if the GP of the subject is less than or equal to 2. </p><p>Gaining a GPA of 5.0 or A+ is naturally considered as a good result. However, since a student can gain grade far above the required 80% to receive a GPA of 5.0, the actual grades received in each subject is also included in the official mark sheets given by the education board for PSC, JSC, SSC and HSC exams. There is also an unofficial term called Golden A+ which means receiving A+ in all subjects, since a student can receive a perfect GPA also without gaining more than 80% marks in all subjects thanks to the fourth subject system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-formal_education">Non-formal education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Non-formal education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There exists a substantial number of NGO-run non-formal schools, catering mainly to the dropouts of the government and non-government primary schools. Very few NGOs, however, impart education for the full five-year primary education cycle. Because of this, on completion of their two-to-three-year non-formal primary education in NGO-run schools, students normally re-enter into government/non-government primary schools at higher classes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There are Non-Governmental Schools (NGO) and Non-Formal Education Centers (NFE) and many of these are funded by the government. The largest NFE program is the much reputed <a href="/wiki/BRAC_(NGO)" class="mw-redirect" title="BRAC (NGO)">BRAC</a> program.<sup id="cite_ref-Ardt20052_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ardt20052-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Glance2012_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glance2012-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AR2014_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR2014-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, not all NFE graduates continue on to secondary school. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">NGO</a>-run schools differ from other non-government private schools. While the private schools operate like private enterprises often guided by commercial interests, NGO schools operate mainly in areas not served either by the government or private schools, essentially to meet the educational needs of vulnerable groups in the society. They usually follow an informal approach to suit the special needs of children from these vulnerable groups. But nowadays, some NGO schools are operating into places where there are both private and government schools. </p><p>Similarly, in NGO-run schools there does not exist any SMC. The style of management differs depending upon differences in policies pursued by different NGOs. Some are centrally managed within a highly bureaucratic set-up, while others enjoy considerable autonomy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Different NGOs pursue different policies regarding recruitment of teachers. Some prepare a panel of prospective teachers on the basis of a rigorous test and recruit teachers from this panel. Other NGOs recruit teachers rather informally from locally available interested persons.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_education">Religious education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Religious education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Religious education is also included in the country's national curriculum.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The national curriculum offers religious education for four of the most dominant religions in Bangladesh. It includes <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>. Despite the fact that non-Muslims receive their own respective religious education in Bangladesh, a lot of schools don't have non-Muslim religion teachers. Due to this, a lot of non-Muslims students in Bangladesh have to study their religious subjects solo. Non-Muslim students tend to study their religious subjects alongside their parents, or study in <a href="/wiki/Tuition_centre" title="Tuition centre">coaching centers</a>, or study alongside a <a href="/wiki/Tutoring" title="Tutoring">tutor</a>, or study with a local <a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">religious scholar</a>, or study in their local <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">religious monasteries or institutions</a>. The schools that have religion teachers of different beliefs separate students to take class on their respective religions for the class period, then they mix up together again after finishing the class. In the country's national curriculum, <a href="/wiki/Prophet_Muhammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophet Muhammad">Prophet Muhammad</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Farewell_Sermon" title="Farewell Sermon">Farewell Sermon</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Prophetic_biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophetic biography">life</a> is taught to all students regardless of their religions, beliefs and caste in different <a href="/wiki/Educational_stage" title="Educational stage">classes</a> in different subjects. <a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam" title="History of Islam">Islamic History and Heritage</a> is also included in <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">humanities</a> at college level. Islamic education in Bangladesh is heavily influenced by madrasahs.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_issues_and_areas_for_improvement">Current issues and areas for improvement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Current issues and areas for improvement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:10_years_old_Dipa_and_12_years_old_Laboni_study_in_class_2_at_%22Unique_Child_learning_Center%22,_Mirmur-Dhaka,_Bangladesh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/10_years_old_Dipa_and_12_years_old_Laboni_study_in_class_2_at_%22Unique_Child_learning_Center%22%2C_Mirmur-Dhaka%2C_Bangladesh.jpg/220px-10_years_old_Dipa_and_12_years_old_Laboni_study_in_class_2_at_%22Unique_Child_learning_Center%22%2C_Mirmur-Dhaka%2C_Bangladesh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/10_years_old_Dipa_and_12_years_old_Laboni_study_in_class_2_at_%22Unique_Child_learning_Center%22%2C_Mirmur-Dhaka%2C_Bangladesh.jpg/330px-10_years_old_Dipa_and_12_years_old_Laboni_study_in_class_2_at_%22Unique_Child_learning_Center%22%2C_Mirmur-Dhaka%2C_Bangladesh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/10_years_old_Dipa_and_12_years_old_Laboni_study_in_class_2_at_%22Unique_Child_learning_Center%22%2C_Mirmur-Dhaka%2C_Bangladesh.jpg/440px-10_years_old_Dipa_and_12_years_old_Laboni_study_in_class_2_at_%22Unique_Child_learning_Center%22%2C_Mirmur-Dhaka%2C_Bangladesh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Girls studying at the Unique Child Learning Center in Mirpur-Dhaka</figcaption></figure> <p>Current government projects to promote the education of children in Bangladesh include compulsory primary education for all, free education for girls up to class 10,<sup id="cite_ref-:12_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stipends for female students, a nationwide integrated education system and a food-for-education literacy movement. A large section of the country's national budget is set aside to help put these programs into action and to promote education and make it more accessible. Recent years have seen these efforts pay off and the Bangladesh education system is strides ahead of what it was only a few years ago. Now even national curriculum books from class 5 to class 12 are distributed freely among all students and schools. </p><p>The educational system of Bangladesh faces several problems. In the past, Bangladesh education was primarily a British modelled upper-class affair with all courses given in English and very little being done for the common people. The Bangladesh education board has taken steps to leave such practices in the past and is looking forward to education as a way to provide a poverty-stricken nation with a brighter future. As Bangladesh is an overpopulated country, there is a huge demand to turn its population into labor, which is why proper education is needed and proper help from government in the educational sectors of Bangladesh is crucial. </p><p>Universities and the existing system of academic curricula in Bangladesh are not still observed to be encouraging industry-oriented critical thinking and primarily utilizing rote-learning which encourages passivity under a corporatized model as well as the country has not implemented Outcome-based-Education (OBE) blended system yet, encompassing classroom and laboratory-based teachings with industry-oriented practical learnings for undergraduate and postgraduate engineering academic degrees.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education_expenditure_as_percentage_of_GDP">Education expenditure as percentage of GDP</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Education expenditure as percentage of GDP"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Public expenditure on education lies on the fringes of 2 percent of GDP with a minimum of 0.94 percent in 1980 and a maximum of 2.2 percent in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qualitative_dimension">Qualitative dimension</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Qualitative dimension"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The education system lacks a sound Human Resource Development and deployment system,<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and this has demoralized the primary education sector personnel, including teachers, and contributes to poor performance. Poverty is a big threat to primary education. In Bangladesh, the population is very high. The number of seats available in colleges is less than the number of students who want to enroll, and the number of seats available in universities is also less than the number of students who passed higher secondary level and want to join in a university. The cost of education is increasing day by day, and as a result many students are unable to afford it. </p><p>One study found a 15.5% primary school teacher absence rate.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gender_disparity">Gender disparity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Gender disparity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Bangladesh, gender discrimination in education occurs amongst the rural households but is non-existent amongst mid to rich households. Bangladesh has achieved gender parity in Primary and Secondary education with significant progress made in higher education<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is great difference in the success rates of boys, as compared to girls in Bangladesh. Girls do much better and outperform boys in almost every field of Education. However, in recent years some progress has been made in trying to fix this problem.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="School_attendance">School attendance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: School attendance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The low performance in primary education is a matter of concern, mostly in rural areas.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> School drop-out rates and grade repetition rates are high in rural areas.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poor school attendance and low contact time in school are factors contributing to low level of learning achievement. However, the situation is very different in urban areas like Dhaka.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_82-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literacy_rate">Literacy rate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Literacy rate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/2022_Census_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Census of Bangladesh">2022 Census of Bangladesh</a>, the literacy rate of Bangladesh was 74.66% in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to this national census, Bangladesh's literacy rate was 51.77% in 2011 according to the <a href="/wiki/2011_Census_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Census of Bangladesh">2011 Census of Bangladesh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The literacy rate of Bangladesh increased by 23.11% in 2022 compared to 2011. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_in_Bangladesh" title="List of colleges in Bangladesh">List of colleges in Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_institutes_in_Bangladesh" title="List of institutes in Bangladesh">List of institutes in Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cadet_colleges_in_Bangladesh" title="List of cadet colleges in Bangladesh">List of cadet colleges in Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medical_colleges_in_Bangladesh" title="List of medical colleges in Bangladesh">List of medical colleges in Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dental_schools_in_Bangladesh" title="List of dental schools in Bangladesh">List of dental schools in Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_schools_in_Bangladesh" title="Textile schools in Bangladesh">Textile schools in Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_architecture_schools_in_Bangladesh" title="List of architecture schools in Bangladesh">List of architecture schools in Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Bangladesh" title="List of universities in Bangladesh">List of universities in Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Grants_Commission_(Bangladesh)" class="mw-redirect" title="University Grants Commission (Bangladesh)">University Grants Commission (Bangladesh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intermediate_and_Secondary_Education_Boards_in_Bangladesh" title="List of Intermediate and Secondary Education Boards in Bangladesh">List of Intermediate and Secondary Education Boards in Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Madrasah_Education_Board" title="Bangladesh Madrasah Education Board">Bangladesh Madrasah Education Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Technical_Education_Board" title="Bangladesh Technical Education Board">Bangladesh Technical Education Board</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBin_HabibAdhikary2016" class="citation news cs1">Bin Habib, Wasim; Adhikary, Tuhin Shubhra (31 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/bangladesh-budget-2020-21-for-education-sector-unchanged-1912649">"Budget for coronavirus-battered education sector unchanged"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nctb.gov.bd&rft.atitle=%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC+%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE+%E0%A6%93+%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%95+%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1+%28%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nctb.gov.bd%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2022/05/31/ministry-approves-new-education-curriculum-no-exams-till-3rd-grade">"Ministry approves new education curriculum, no exams till 3rd grade"</a>. <i>Dhaka Tribune</i>. 31 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108065436/https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2022/05/31/ministry-approves-new-education-curriculum-no-exams-till-3rd-grade">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dhaka+Tribune&rft.atitle=Ministry+approves+new+education+curriculum%2C+no+exams+till+3rd+grade&rft.date=2022-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhakatribune.com%2Fbangladesh%2F2022%2F05%2F31%2Fministry-approves-new-education-curriculum-no-exams-till-3rd-grade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/education/new-school-curriculum-delayed-another-year-239329">"New school curriculum delayed by another year"</a>. <i>The Business Standard</i>. 29 April 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108065439/https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/education/new-school-curriculum-delayed-another-year-239329">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Business+Standard&rft.atitle=New+school+curriculum+delayed+by+another+year&rft.date=2021-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tbsnews.net%2Fbangladesh%2Feducation%2Fnew-school-curriculum-delayed-another-year-239329&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/youth/education/news/no-need-coaching-centres-after-new-curriculum-adopted-3161806">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"No need for coaching centres after adoption of new curriculum"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. 6 November 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108065447/https://www.thedailystar.net/youth/education/news/no-need-coaching-centres-after-new-curriculum-adopted-3161806">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=%22No+need+for+coaching+centres+after+adoption+of+new+curriculum%22&rft.date=2022-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fyouth%2Feducation%2Fnews%2Fno-need-coaching-centres-after-new-curriculum-adopted-3161806&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhakatribune.com/education/2022/02/12/education-minister-new-curriculum-to-be-enjoyable">"Education minister: New curriculum to be enjoyable"</a>. <i>Dhaka Tribune</i>. 12 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108065438/https://www.dhakatribune.com/education/2022/02/12/education-minister-new-curriculum-to-be-enjoyable">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dhaka+Tribune&rft.atitle=Education+minister%3A+New+curriculum+to+be+enjoyable&rft.date=2022-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhakatribune.com%2Feducation%2F2022%2F02%2F12%2Feducation-minister-new-curriculum-to-be-enjoyable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/roles-teachers-change-new-curriculum-dipu-moni-3103981">"Roles of Teachers to change in new curriculum: Dipu Moni"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i>. BSS. 27 August 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108065435/https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/roles-teachers-change-new-curriculum-dipu-moni-3103981">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Roles+of+Teachers+to+change+in+new+curriculum%3A+Dipu+Moni&rft.date=2022-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fnews%2Fbangladesh%2Fnews%2Froles-teachers-change-new-curriculum-dipu-moni-3103981&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/education/major-changes-coming-bangladeshs-education-system-2023-301804">"No public exams before SSC as new curriculum launches in 2023"</a>. <i>The Business Standard</i>. 13 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221108065437/https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/education/major-changes-coming-bangladeshs-education-system-2023-301804">Archived</a> from the original on 8 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Business+Standard&rft.atitle=No+public+exams+before+SSC+as+new+curriculum+launches+in+2023&rft.date=2021-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tbsnews.net%2Fbangladesh%2Feducation%2Fmajor-changes-coming-bangladeshs-education-system-2023-301804&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tbsnews.net/features/panorama/students-revel-new-nctb-curriculum-teachers-and-guardians-not-so-much-687626">"Students revel in new NCTB curriculum, teachers and guardians not so much"</a>. <i>The Business Standard</i>. 24 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Business+Standard&rft.atitle=Students+revel+in+new+NCTB+curriculum%2C+teachers+and+guardians+not+so+much&rft.date=2023-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tbsnews.net%2Ffeatures%2Fpanorama%2Fstudents-revel-new-nctb-curriculum-teachers-and-guardians-not-so-much-687626&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed2023" class="citation news cs1">Ahmed, Manzoor (6 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/views/news/new-school-curriculum-great-opportunity-or-looming-disaster-3462861">"New school curriculum: A great opportunity or a looming disaster?"</a>. <i>The Daily Star</i> (Opinion)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ilo.org&rft.atitle=Technical+and+Vocational+Education+and+Training+%28TVET%29+Reform+in+Bangladesh&rft.date=2007-12-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilo.org%2Fdhaka%2FWhatwedo%2FProjects%2FWCMS_106485%2Flang--en%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bteb.gov.bd/"><bdi lang="bn">বাংলাদেশ কারিগরি শিক্ষা বোর্ড-গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ সরকার</bdi></a>. <i>www.bteb.gov.bd</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230607154317/http://bteb.gov.bd/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=John+Catt%27s+School+Search&rft.atitle=International+schools+in+Bangladesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.internationalschoolsearch.com%2Finternational-schools-in-bangladesh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mumtaz2008-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mumtaz2008_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mumtaz2008_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmad2008" class="citation book cs1">Ahmad, Mumtaz (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9-8HrM55XfgC&pg=PA56">"Islam, state, and society in Bangladesh"</a>. 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(2000). "Institutional Capacity Building Through Human Resource Development". Directorate of Primary Education/PEDPQI Project of NORAD, Bangladesh.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOUTHASIA/Resources/Roll_Call_Teacher_Absence_Bangladesh.pdf">"Roll Call: Teacher Absence in Bangladesh"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Site resources.world bank.org. 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130605141306/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSOUTHASIA/Resources/Roll_Call_Teacher_Absence_Bangladesh.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 5 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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SHONCHOY* and Mehnaz RABBANI: The Bangladesh Gender Gap in Education: Biased Intra-household Educational Expenditures, at ide.go.jp</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170423062036/http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Download/Dp/pdf/522.pdf">Archived</a> 23 April 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed 26 April 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol32/6/32-6.pdf">Niels-Hugo Blunch, Maitreyi Bordia Das: Changing norms about gender inequality in education: Evidence from Bangladesh</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906015814/http://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol32/6/32-6.pdf">Archived</a> 6 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Accessed 1 May 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_82-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uis.unesco.org/DataCentre/Pages/country-profile.aspx?code=500&SPSLanguage=EN">"Country Profiles: Bangladesh"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Docs&rft.atitle=PHC_Preliminary_Report_%28English%29_August_2022.pdf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F1Vhn2t_PbEzo5-NDGBeoFJq4XCoSzOVKg%2Fview%3Fusp%3Dembed_facebook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/7b7b171a_731a_4854_8e0a_f8f7dede4a4a/PHC2011PreliminaryReport.pdf">"Population and Housing census 2011"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230504055113/http://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/7b7b171a_731a_4854_8e0a_f8f7dede4a4a/PHC2011PreliminaryReport.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+and+Housing+census+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbbs.portal.gov.bd%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffiles%2Fbbs.portal.gov.bd%2Fpage%2F7b7b171a_731a_4854_8e0a_f8f7dede4a4a%2FPHC2011PreliminaryReport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEducation+in+Bangladesh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>Sedere, Upali M. (2000). "Institutional Capacity Building Through Human Resource Development". Directorate of Primary Education/PEDPQI Project of NORAD, Bangladesh.</li> <li>Sedere, Upali M. (1996). "General Education Project (CR2118BD) Report". World Bank.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060519212555/http://www.campebd.org/download/PopularEW2002English.pdf">Literacy In Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060524043628/http://www.infosciencetoday.org/infolit.pdf">Information Literacy: Bangladesh perspective</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080528064033/http://www.infosciencetoday.org/infoliteracybd.pdf">Information Literacy: A challenge for Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927022852/http://poverty2.forumone.com/files/14828_Bangladesh-web.pdf">Female Secondary School Assistance Project: Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927214325/http://www.literacyonline.org/PDFs/OP0001.pdf">Literacy and Adult Education</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.equip123.net/JEID/articles/3/Bangladesh.pdf">The Girls' Stipend Program in Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061229102406/http://globalmarch.org/images/bangladesh-report.pdf">Country Report 2006 Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040219232646/http://www.jbic.go.jp/english/oec/environ/report/pdf/eban.pdf">Bangladesh Education Sector Overview</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070609230732/http://www.uis.unesco.org/template/pdf/scb/StateReports/InformationAndMonitoringSheet/Bangladesh.pdf">UNESCO Information and Monitoring Sheet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.unesco.org/education/en/files/55595/11999600665Bangladesh.pdf/Bangladesh.pdf">UNESCO Survey</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/bangladesh_bangladesh_statistics.html">UNICEF Statistics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151219134729/http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/bangladesh_bangladesh_statistics.html">Archived</a> 19 December 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002330/233004e.pdf">Bangladesh, pre-primary education and the school learning improvement plan: promising EFA practices in the Asia-Pacific region; case study</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002305/230507e.pdf">Education for All 2015 National Review</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Bangladesh&#124;link=Bangladesh_Education_in_Bangladesh" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Education_in_Bangladesh" title="Template:Education in Bangladesh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Education_in_Bangladesh" title="Template talk:Education in Bangladesh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Education_in_Bangladesh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Education in Bangladesh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Bangladesh&#124;link=Bangladesh_Education_in_Bangladesh" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh"><img alt="Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Education in Bangladesh</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Bangladesh)" title="Ministry of Education (Bangladesh)">Ministry of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Primary_and_Mass_Education" title="Ministry of Primary and Mass Education">Ministry of Primary and Mass Education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em">Higher education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulating organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Bangladesh)" title="Ministry of Education (Bangladesh)">Ministry of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Grants_Commission_(Bangladesh)" class="mw-redirect" title="University Grants Commission (Bangladesh)">University Grants Commission </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public academies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universities_in_Bangladesh" title="Universities in Bangladesh">Universities</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Bangladesh" title="List of universities in Bangladesh">List</a>)</li> <li>Colleges <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medical_colleges_in_Bangladesh" title="List of medical colleges in Bangladesh">Medical </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dental_schools_in_Bangladesh" title="List of dental schools in Bangladesh">Dental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_architecture_schools_in_Bangladesh" title="List of architecture schools in Bangladesh">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_business_schools_in_Bangladesh" title="List of business schools in Bangladesh">Business</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_institutes_in_Bangladesh" title="List of institutes in Bangladesh">Institutes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Research_institutes_in_Bangladesh" title="Category:Research institutes in Bangladesh">Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Polytechnic_institutes_in_Bangladesh" title="Category:Polytechnic institutes in Bangladesh">Polytechnic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Learned_societies_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Learned societies of Bangladesh">Learned societies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangla_Academy" title="Bangla Academy">Bangla Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Medical_and_Dental_Council" title="Bangladesh Medical and Dental Council">Bangladesh Medical and Dental Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmacy_Council_of_Bangladesh" title="Pharmacy Council of Bangladesh">Pharmacy Council of Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Bangladesh Academy of Sciences">Bangladesh Academy of Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Computer_Society" title="Bangladesh Computer Society">Bangladesh Computer Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Computer_Samity" title="Bangladesh Computer Samity">Bangladesh Computer Samity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Society_of_Microbiologists" title="Bangladesh Society of Microbiologists">Bangladesh Society of Microbiologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoological_Society_of_Bangladesh" title="Zoological Society of Bangladesh">Zoological Society of Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Council_of_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research" title="Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research">Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Academy_for_Rural_Development" title="Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development">Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Education_and_Research_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Education and Research Network">Bangladesh Education and Research Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh" title="Asiatic Society of Bangladesh">Asiatic Society of Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishwo_Shahitto_Kendro" title="Bishwo Shahitto Kendro">Bishwo Shahitto Kendro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilpakala_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Shilpakala Academy">Shilpakala Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazrul_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazrul Institute">Nazrul Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Student_Politics_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Student Politics of Bangladesh">Political organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_clubs" title="Leo clubs">Leo clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Bangla" title="Young Bangla">Young Bangla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Government Seal of Bangladesh"><img alt="Government Seal of Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh.svg/100px-Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh.svg/150px-Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh.svg/200px-Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12em">School education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Boards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intermediate_and_Secondary_Education_Boards_in_Bangladesh" title="List of Intermediate and Secondary Education Boards in Bangladesh">General Education Boards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Intermediate_and_Secondary_Education,_Barisal" title="Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Barisal">Barisal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Intermediate_and_Secondary_Education,_Chittagong" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Chittagong">Chittagong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Intermediate_and_Secondary_Education,_Comilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Comilla">Comilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Intermediate_and_Secondary_Education,_Dhaka" title="Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Intermediate_and_Secondary_Education,_Dinajpur" title="Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Dinajpur">Dinajpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Intermediate_and_Secondary_Education,_Jessore" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Jessore">Jessore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Intermediate_and_Secondary_Education,_Mymensingh" title="Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Mymensingh">Mymensingh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Intermediate_and_Secondary_Education,_Rajshahi" title="Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Rajshahi">Rajshahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Intermediate_and_Secondary_Education,_Sylhet" title="Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Sylhet">Sylhet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasah_Education_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrasah Education Board">Madrasah Education Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_Education_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical Education Board">Technical Education Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Curriculum_and_Textbook_Board" title="National Curriculum and Textbook Board">National Curriculum and Textbook Board</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Bangladesh" title="List of schools in Bangladesh">Schools</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primary_schools_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primary schools in Bangladesh (page does not exist)">Primary school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_schools_in_Bangladesh" title="High schools in Bangladesh">High school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadet_Colleges_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadet Colleges in Bangladesh">Cadet Colleges</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Junior_college_(Bangladesh)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Junior college (Bangladesh) (page does not exist)">Junior college</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Examinations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_Education_Completion" title="Primary Education Completion">Primary Education Completion (PEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_School_Certificate" title="Junior School Certificate">Junior School Certificate (JSC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_School_Certificate" title="Secondary School Certificate">Secondary School Certificate (SSC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_Secondary_Certificate" title="Higher Secondary Certificate">Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Co-curriculars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Scouts" title="Bangladesh Scouts">Scouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Mathematical_Olympiad" title="Bangladesh Mathematical Olympiad">Mathematical Olympiad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangla_Olympiad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangla Olympiad (page does not exist)">Bangla Olympiad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HSBC-Prothom_Alo_Language_Competition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HSBC-Prothom Alo Language Competition (page does not exist)">HSBC-Prothom Alo Language Competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Debate_Federation_Bangladesh" title="National Debate Federation Bangladesh">National Debate Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Girl_Guides_Association" title="Bangladesh Girl Guides Association">Girl Guides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishu_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Shishu Academy">Shishu Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anushandhitshu_Chokro_Science_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anushandhitshu Chokro Science Organization (page does not exist)">Anushandhitshu Chokro Science Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Child_Award" title="National Child Award">National Child Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notun_Kuri" title="Notun Kuri">Notun Kuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_education" title="Alternative education">Alternative education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English-medium_schools_in_Bangladesh" title="English-medium schools in Bangladesh">English-medium school</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrasas_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madrasas in Bangladesh (page does not exist)">Madrasas</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Alia_Madrasas_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Alia Madrasas in Bangladesh (page does not exist)">Alia Madrasas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qawmi_madrasa" title="Qawmi madrasa">Qawmi Charity Madrasas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Qawmi_Madrasas_in_Bangladesh" title="List of Qawmi Madrasas in Bangladesh">List</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Bangladesh_education_templates" title="Category:Bangladesh education templates">Templates</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_Bangladesh" title="Category:Education in Bangladesh">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Education_in_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Education_in_Asia" title="Template:Education in Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Education_in_Asia" title="Template talk:Education in Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Education_in_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Education in Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Education_in_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Education in Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Afghanistan" title="Education in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Armenia" title="Education in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Azerbaijan" title="Education in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Bahrain" title="Education in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Bhutan" title="Education in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Brunei" title="Education in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Cambodia" title="Education in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_China" title="Education in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Cyprus" title="Education in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Egypt" title="Education in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Education in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_India" title="Education in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Indonesia" title="Education in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Iran" title="Education in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Iraq" title="Education in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Israel" title="Education in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Japan" title="Education in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Jordan" title="Education in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Kazakhstan" title="Education in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_North_Korea" title="Education in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_South_Korea" title="Education in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Kuwait" title="Education in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Education in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Laos" title="Education in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Lebanon" title="Education in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Malaysia" title="Education in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Maldives" title="Education in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Mongolia" title="Education in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Myanmar" title="Education in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Nepal" title="Education in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Oman" title="Education in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan" title="Education in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Philippines" title="Education in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Qatar" title="Education in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Russia" title="Education in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Education in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Singapore" title="Education in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Education in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Syria" title="Education in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Tajikistan" title="Education in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Thailand" title="Education in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Turkey" title="Education in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Turkmenistan" title="Education in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Education in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Uzbekistan" title="Education in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Vietnam" title="Education in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Yemen" title="Education in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Education in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Education in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Taiwan" title="Education in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Hong_Kong" title="Education in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Macau" title="Education in Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bangladesh_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bangladesh_topics" title="Template:Bangladesh topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bangladesh_topics" title="Template talk:Bangladesh topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bangladesh_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bangladesh topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bangladesh_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Bangladesh" title="Outline of Bangladesh">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bangladesh" title="History of Bangladesh">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Bangladeshi_history" title="Timeline of Bangladeshi history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Bangladesh#History_of_Bangladesh" title="Outline of Bangladesh">Outline</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangladesh-related_topics" title="List of Bangladesh-related topics">Topics</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bengal" title="History of Bengal">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_aviation_in_Bangladesh" title="History of aviation in Bangladesh">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_literature" title="Bengali literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Bangladesh" title="Military history of Bangladesh">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Bangladesh" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Bangladesh">Postal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Bengal" title="List of rulers of Bengal">Rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangladesh_tropical_cyclones" title="List of Bangladesh tropical cyclones">Cyclones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Bangladesh" title="List of years in Bangladesh">Years</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_period" title="Vedic period">Vedic period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anga" title="Anga">Anga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanga_kingdom" title="Vanga kingdom">Vanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pundra_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pundra Kingdom">Pundra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suhma_kingdom" title="Suhma kingdom">Suhma kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magadha_(Mahajanapada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magadha (Mahajanapada)">Magadha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradyota_dynasty" title="Pradyota dynasty">Pradyota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaishunaga_dynasty" title="Shaishunaga dynasty">Shaishunaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanda_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanda Empire">Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangaridai" title="Gangaridai">Gangaridai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunga_Empire" title="Shunga Empire">Shunga Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanva_dynasty" title="Kanva dynasty">Kanva dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Gupta Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classical and Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Founding kingdom:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gauda_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauda Kingdom">Gauda Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Classical empires:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamboja_Pala_dynasty" title="Kamboja Pala dynasty">Kamboja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sena_dynasty" title="Sena dynasty">Sena</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Sultanates:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_rulers_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic rulers in the Indian subcontinent">Islamic rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalji_dynasty" title="Khalji dynasty">Khalji dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate" title="Bengal Sultanate">Bengal Sultanate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sur_Empire" title="Sur Empire">Sur Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baro-Bhuyan" title="Baro-Bhuyan">Baro-Bhuyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal period:</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Subah" title="Bengal Subah">Bengal Subah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawabs_of_Bengal" title="Nawabs of Bengal">Nawabs of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plassey" title="Battle of Plassey">Battle of Plassey</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Raj" title="History of the British Raj">Colonial</a> and Pakistan era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong" title="Portuguese settlement in Chittagong">Portuguese Bengala</a></li> <li><i>British Bengal:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Bengal_famine_of_1770" title="Great Bengal famine of 1770">Famine of 1770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Sepoy Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Renaissance" title="Bengal Renaissance">Bengal Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1905)" title="Partition of Bengal (1905)">Partition of Bengal (1905)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bengal" title="Prime Minister of Bengal">Prime Minister of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Resolution" title="Lahore Resolution">Lahore Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943" title="Bengal famine of 1943">Famine of 1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1947)" title="Partition of Bengal (1947)">Partition of Bengal (1947)</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language_movement" title="Bengali language movement">Language Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bengali_legislative_election,_1954" class="mw-redirect" title="East Bengali legislative election, 1954">Legislative election in 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_point_movement" title="Six point movement">Six point movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Mass_uprising_in_East_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="1969 Mass uprising in East Pakistan">1969 Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_general_election,_1970" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani general election, 1970">General election in 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Bangladeshi_Independence" title="Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence">Proclamation of Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Bangladesh" title="Provisional Government of Bangladesh">Provisional Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Bangladesh_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="1971 Bangladesh genocide">Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Rape during the Bangladesh Liberation War">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Timeline of the Bangladesh Liberation War">Timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bangladesh_after_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Bangladesh after independence">Republic of Bangladesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_famine_of_1974" title="Bangladesh famine of 1974">Famine of 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_coups_in_Bangladesh" title="Military coups in Bangladesh">Military coups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman" title="Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Ziaur_Rahman" title="Assassination of Ziaur Rahman">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Bangladesh_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1982 Bangladesh coup d'état">1982</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Mass_Uprising_in_Bangladesh" title="1990 Mass Uprising in Bangladesh">1990 Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006%E2%80%9308_Bangladeshi_political_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2006–08 Bangladeshi political crisis">Political crisis in 2006–08</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Rifles_revolt" title="Bangladesh Rifles revolt">Bangladesh Rifles revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Begums" title="Battle of Begums">Battle of Begums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Bangladesh_violence" title="2013 Bangladesh violence">Protests in 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student%E2%80%93People%27s_uprising" title="Student–People's uprising">Student–People's uprising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Bangladesh_quota_reform_movement" title="2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement">Quota reform movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(2024)" title="Non-cooperation movement (2024)">Non-cooperation movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_massacre" title="July massacre">Massacre</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Bangladesh">Regional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chittagong" title="History of Chittagong">Chittagong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Dhaka" title="History of Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jessore" title="History of Jessore">Jessore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Noakhali" title="History of Noakhali">Noakhali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Rangpur" title="History of Rangpur">Rangpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sylhet" title="History of Sylhet">Sylhet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bangladesh" title="Geography of Bangladesh">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_geography_of_Bangladesh" title="Administrative geography of Bangladesh">Administrative:</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_Bangladesh" title="Divisions of Bangladesh">Divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of districts of Bangladesh">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upazilas_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Upazilas of Bangladesh">Sub-districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Bangladesh" title="List of cities and towns in Bangladesh">Cities and towns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Bangladesh" title="Template:Borders of Bangladesh">Borders</a></li> <li><i>Nature:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Islands of Bangladesh">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Lakes of Bangladesh">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Mountains of Bangladesh">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Parks_in_Bangladesh" title="Category:Parks in Bangladesh">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Bangladesh" title="List of rivers of Bangladesh">Rivers</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Places:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Fan" title="Bengal Fan">Bengal Fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Hill_Tracts" title="Chittagong Hill Tracts">Chittagong Hill Tracts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cox%27s_Bazar" title="Cox's Bazar">Cox's Bazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_Basin" title="Ganges Basin">Ganges Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_Delta" title="Ganges Delta">Ganges Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatirjheel" title="Hatirjheel">Hatirjheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundarbans" title="Sundarbans">Sundarbans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Bangladesh" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Bangladesh">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bangladesh" title="Politics of Bangladesh">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bangladesh" title="Government of Bangladesh">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Executive:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Bangladesh" title="President of Bangladesh">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Bangladesh" title="List of presidents of Bangladesh">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh" title="Prime Minister of Bangladesh">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Bangladesh" title="List of prime ministers of Bangladesh">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Bangladesh" title="Cabinet of Bangladesh">Cabinet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bangladesh" title="Elections in Bangladesh">Elections</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Election_Commission" title="Bangladesh Election Commission">Election Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:General_elections_in_Bangladesh" title="Category:General elections in Bangladesh">General elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_elections_in_Bangladesh" title="Presidential elections in Bangladesh">Presidential elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Bangladesh" title="List of political parties in Bangladesh">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Bangladesh" title="Foreign relations of Bangladesh">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign policy of Bangladesh">Foreign policies</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Jatiya Sangsad">Jatiya Sangsad</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(parliament)</span>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in Bangladesh">Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad">Speaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Bangladesh" title="Local government in Bangladesh">Local government</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_City_Corporations_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of City Corporations of Bangladesh">City corporations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Municipal_Corporations_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Municipal Corporations of Bangladesh">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upazilas_of_Bangladesh#Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Upazilas of Bangladesh">Upazila Parishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_councils_of_Bangladesh" title="Union councils of Bangladesh">Union councils</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laws_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Laws in Bangladesh">Law</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bangladesh" title="Constitution of Bangladesh">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Bangladesh" title="Supreme Court of Bangladesh">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="High Court Division">High Court Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Crimes_Tribunal_(Bangladesh)" title="International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh)">International Crimes Tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Bangladesh" title="Chief Justice of Bangladesh">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Bangladesh" title="Attorney General of Bangladesh">Attorney General</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Bangladesh" title="Human rights in Bangladesh">Human rights</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forced_disappearance_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced disappearance in Bangladesh">Forced disappearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bangladesh" title="Freedom of religion in Bangladesh">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Bangladesh">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Bangladesh" title="Women in Bangladesh">Women</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">Military</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Law_enforcement_in_Bangladesh" title="Category:Law enforcement in Bangladesh">enforcement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Armed_Forces" title="Bangladesh Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Army" title="Bangladesh Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Navy" title="Bangladesh Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Air_Force" title="Bangladesh Air Force">Air Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Paramilitary_forces_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Paramilitary forces of Bangladesh">Paramilitary</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_Guards_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Border Guards Bangladesh">Border Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Coast_Guard" title="Bangladesh Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Ansar" title="Bangladesh Ansar">Ansar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village_Defence_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Village Defence Party">Village Defence Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Guard_Regiment" title="President Guard Regiment">President Guard Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Security_Force" title="Special Security Force">Special Security Force</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_intelligence_community" title="Bangladeshi intelligence community">Intelligence</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Intelligence" title="National Security Intelligence">NSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_General_of_Forces_Intelligence" title="Directorate General of Forces Intelligence">DGFI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter_Terrorism_and_Intelligence_Bureau" title="Counter Terrorism and Intelligence Bureau">CTIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Branch_(Bangladesh)" title="Special Branch (Bangladesh)">Special Branch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Police" title="Bangladesh Police">Police</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Police_Battalion" title="Armed Police Battalion">APBn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Investigation_Department_(Bangladesh)" title="Criminal Investigation Department (Bangladesh)">CID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter_Terrorism_and_Transnational_Crime" title="Counter Terrorism and Transnational Crime">CTTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Police Bureau of Investigation">PBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_Action_Battalion" title="Rapid Action Battalion">RAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Security_and_Protection_Battalion" title="Special Security and Protection Battalion">SPBn</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh" title="Economy of Bangladesh">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Planning_Commission" title="Bangladesh Planning Commission">Bangladesh Planning Commission</a></li> <li><i>Industries:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Automotive industry in Bangladesh">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramics_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Ceramics industry in Bangladesh">Ceramics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Electronics industry in Bangladesh">Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Food industry in Bangladesh">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Pharmaceutical industry in Bangladesh">Pharmaceutical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Textile industry in Bangladesh">Textile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding_in_Bangladesh" title="Shipbuilding in Bangladesh">Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Steel industry in Bangladesh">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_Bangladesh" title="Tea production in Bangladesh">Tea production</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Finance sectors:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Bangladesh" title="Banking in Bangladesh">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Bank" title="Bangladesh Bank">Bangladesh Bank <span style="font-size:85%;">(central bank)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_taka" title="Bangladeshi taka">Bangladeshi taka <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_system_in_Bangladesh" title="Financial system in Bangladesh">Financial system</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Stock Exchange:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Stock_Exchange" title="Chittagong Stock Exchange">Chittagong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaka_Stock_Exchange" title="Dhaka Stock Exchange">Dhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Bangladesh_share_market_scam" title="2011 Bangladesh share market scam">2011 scam</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Energy and resources:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Bangladesh" title="Energy policy of Bangladesh">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Bangladesh" title="Electricity sector in Bangladesh">Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_and_petroleum_in_Bangladesh" title="Natural gas and petroleum in Bangladesh">Natural gas and petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_energy_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear energy in Bangladesh">Nuclear energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Bangladesh" title="Renewable energy in Bangladesh">Renewable energy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Export_Processing_Zone_Authority" title="Bangladesh Export Processing Zone Authority">Export Processing Zones</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Bangladesh" title="Agriculture in Bangladesh">Agriculture</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rice_production_in_Bangladesh" title="Rice production in Bangladesh">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poultry_farming_in_Bangladesh" title="Poultry farming in Bangladesh">Poultry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Bangladesh">Fishing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Bangladesh" title="Forestry in Bangladesh">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Bangladesh" title="Tourism in Bangladesh">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Bangladesh" title="Poverty in Bangladesh">Poverty</a></li> <li><i>Infrastructure:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Post_Office" title="Bangladesh Post Office">Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bangladesh" title="Telecommunications in Bangladesh">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_in_Bangladesh" title="Real estate in Bangladesh">Real estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Bangladesh" title="Water supply and sanitation in Bangladesh">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Bangladesh" title="Transport in Bangladesh">Transport</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Bangladesh" title="List of airports in Bangladesh">Airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airlines_of_Bangladesh" title="List of airlines of Bangladesh">Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Railway" title="Bangladesh Railway">Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_roads_in_Bangladesh" title="List of roads in Bangladesh">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ports_and_harbours_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Ports and harbours of Bangladesh">Ports</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Bangladesh" title="Category:Society of Bangladesh">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh" title="Demographics of Bangladesh">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Bangladesh">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshis" title="Bangladeshis">Bangladeshis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis">Bengalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladeshi name">Names</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Bangladesh" title="Crime in Bangladesh">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Bangladesh" title="Corruption in Bangladesh">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Bangladesh" title="Human trafficking in Bangladesh">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Bangladesh" title="Terrorism in Bangladesh">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Bangladesh" title="List of schools in Bangladesh">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Bangladesh" title="List of universities in Bangladesh">Universities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Bangladesh" title="Health in Bangladesh">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_in_Bangladesh" title="Hunger in Bangladesh">Hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bangladesh" title="Religion in Bangladesh">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_society" title="Bangladeshi society">Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bangladesh" title="Culture of Bangladesh">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Bangladesh" title="Architecture of Bangladesh">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangaliana" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangaliana">Bangaliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baul" title="Baul">Baul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_nationalism" title="Bangladeshi nationalism">Bangladeshi nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_nationalism" title="Bengali nationalism">Bengalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendars" title="Bengali calendars">Calendars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bangladesh" title="Cinema of Bangladesh">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_cuisine" title="Bangladeshi cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_studies" title="Bengal studies">Bengal studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_literature" title="Bengali literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bangladesh" title="Music of Bangladesh">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Bangladesh" title="Public holidays in Bangladesh">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Bangladesh" title="Sport in Bangladesh">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_traditional_games" title="Bengali traditional games">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_theatre" title="Bengali theatre">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Bangladesh" title="List of radio stations in Bangladesh">Radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Bangladesh" title="Television in Bangladesh">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Bangladesh" title="Sexuality in Bangladesh">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage in Bangladesh">Marriage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Bangladesh" title="National symbols of Bangladesh">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amar_Shonar_Bangla" class="mw-redirect" title="Amar Shonar Bangla">Amar Shonar Bangla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangamata" title="Bangamata">Bangamata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengal fire">Bengal fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_tiger" title="Bengal tiger">Bengal tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungalow" title="Bungalow">Bungalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bangladesh" title="Flag of Bangladesh">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Seal_of_Bangladesh" title="Government Seal of Bangladesh">Government Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilish" title="Ilish">Ilish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackfruit" title="Jackfruit">Jackfruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_cat" title="Bengal cat">Bengal cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangifera_indica" title="Mangifera indica">Mango tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Emblem_of_Bangladesh" title="National Emblem of Bangladesh">National Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Martyrs%27_Memorial" title="National Martyrs' Memorial">National Martyrs' Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notuner_Gaan" title="Notuner Gaan">Notuner Gaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_magpie-robin" title="Oriental magpie-robin">Oriental magpie-robin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymphaea_nouchali" title="Nymphaea nouchali">Water lily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangladeshi_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Bangladeshi inventions and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li></ul> 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