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Tillgänglig på 17 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8" title="فلسفة الطب – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فلسفة الطب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibbin_f%C9%99ls%C9%99f%C9%99si" title="Tibbin fəlsəfəsi – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tibbin fəlsəfəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinsk_filosofi" title="Medicinsk filosofi – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Medicinsk filosofi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medizintheorie" title="Medizintheorie – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Medizintheorie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_medicine" title="Philosophy of medicine – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Philosophy of medicine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosof%C3%ADa_de_la_medicina" title="Filosofía de la medicina – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Filosofía de la medicina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medikuntzaren_filosofia" title="Medikuntzaren filosofia – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Medikuntzaren filosofia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%87_%D9%BE%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="فلسفه پزشکی – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فلسفه پزشکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophie_de_la_m%C3%A9decine" title="Philosophie de la médecine – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Philosophie de la médecine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8" title="चिकित्सा दर्शन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चिकित्सा दर्शन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofia_della_medicina" title="Filosofia della medicina – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Filosofia della medicina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsafah_perubatan" title="Falsafah perubatan – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Falsafah perubatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filozofia_medycyny" title="Filozofia medycyny – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Filozofia medycyny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filosofia_da_medicina" title="Filosofia da medicina – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Filosofia da medicina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><p><b>Medicinsk filosofi</b> är ett delämne av <a href="/wiki/Filosofi" title="Filosofi">filosofin</a> som särskilt ägnar sig åt den <a href="/wiki/Medicinska_vetenskapen" class="mw-redirect" title="Medicinska vetenskapen">medicinska vetenskapen</a>. Ett framträdande delämne av den medicinska filosofin är <a href="/wiki/Medicinsk_etik" title="Medicinsk etik">medicinsk etik</a>. Andra viktiga delämnen är <a href="/wiki/Ontologi" title="Ontologi">ontologi</a> och <a href="/wiki/Epistemologi" title="Epistemologi">epistemologi</a>. </p><p>Liksom de flesta grenar av filosofin, kan den medicinska filosofin spåras till <a href="/wiki/Antikens_filosofi" class="mw-redirect" title="Antikens filosofi">den grekiska antiken</a>. Dock har det som självständigt ämne inte äldre historia än 1800-talet. Ett av de tidigaste verken i ämnet är Elisha Bartletts <i>Essay on the Philosophy of Medical Science</i> från 1844.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Metafysik" title="Metafysik">Metafysiska</a> frågeställningar inom ämnet är t.ex. att definiera grundläggande begrepp såsom <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4lsa" title="Hälsa">hälsa</a> samt dess betingelser. Den metafysiska skolbildningen kan vara <a href="/wiki/Reduktionism" title="Reduktionism">reduktionistisk</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Holism" title="Holism">holistisk</a>, och antingen härleda ett tillstånd till ingående delar eller se delarna i större sammanhang. <a href="/wiki/Kausalitet" title="Kausalitet">Kausalitet</a> är ett viktigt område, som studerar korrelationer, slump och orsakssamband.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Allmänna filosofiska frågeställningar, metoder och teorier påverkar också den medicinska filosofin, till exempel valet av <a href="/wiki/Vetenskapsteori" title="Vetenskapsteori">vetenskapsteori</a> och <a href="/wiki/Vetenskaplig_metod" title="Vetenskaplig metod">vetenskaplig metod</a>. Dock har <a href="/wiki/Ockhams_rakkniv" title="Ockhams rakkniv">Ockhams rakkniv</a> varit svårare att tillämpa inom medicinen, i synnerhet för <a href="/wiki/Patofysiologi" title="Patofysiologi">patofysiologin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frågor om den <a href="/wiki/Fria_viljan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fria viljan">fria viljan</a> är återkommande dryftat, till exempel vård till <a href="/wiki/Psykiatrisk_tv%C3%A5ngsv%C3%A5rd" title="Psykiatrisk tvångsvård">tvångsintagna</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, avslutande av livsuppehållande behandling, och vård vid livets slutskede<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medicinsk_filosofi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medicinsk_filosofi&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medicinsk_sociologi" title="Medicinsk sociologi">Medicinsk sociologi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medicinsk_filosofi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medicinsk_filosofi&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.iep.utm.edu/medicine/">http://www.iep.utm.edu/medicine/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.iep.utm.edu/medicine/#SH1b">http://www.iep.utm.edu/medicine/#SH1b</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1079566/">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1079566/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Annette Rid et al, Treatment Decision Making for Incapacitated Patients: Is Development and Use of a Patient Preference Predictor Feasible?, J Med Philos (2014) 39 (2):130-152</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Peter H. Ditto et al, Predicting End-of-Life Treatment Preferences: Perils and Practicalities, J Med Philos (2014) 39 (2): 196-204</span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output 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title="Socialfilosofi">Social</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kfilosofi" title="Språkfilosofi">Språk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Politisk_filosofi" title="Politisk filosofi">Politik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Religionsfilosofi" title="Religionsfilosofi">Religion</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vetenskapsteori" title="Vetenskapsteori">Vetenskap</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;">Skolor</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Filosofins_historia#Antikens_filosofi" title="Filosofins historia">Antiken</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Kinesisk_filosofi" title="Kinesisk filosofi">Kinesisk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Konfucianism" title="Konfucianism">Konfucianism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Legalism_(kinesisk_filosofi)" title="Legalism (kinesisk filosofi)">Legalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mohism" title="Mohism">Mohism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Namnskolan" title="Namnskolan">Namnskolan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Daoism" title="Daoism">Taoism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Yin-yang-skolan" title="Yin-yang-skolan">Yin-yang-skolan</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;">Grekisk-romersk</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Aristotelism" title="Aristotelism">Aristotelism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Atomism" title="Atomism">Atomism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Eleaterna" title="Eleaterna">Eleaterna</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Epikurism" title="Epikurism">Epikurism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rsokratisk_filosofi" title="Försokratisk filosofi">Försokrater</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/De_joniska_naturfilosoferna" title="De joniska naturfilosoferna">Joniska skolan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Efesiska_skolan" title="Efesiska skolan">Efesiska skolan</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kyniska_skolan" title="Kyniska skolan">Kyniska skolan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kyrenaiker" title="Kyrenaiker">Kyrenaiker</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Mithraism" title="Mithraism">Mithraism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Peripatetiska_skolan" title="Peripatetiska skolan">Peripatetiska skolan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Platonism" title="Platonism">Platonism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nyplatonism" title="Nyplatonism">Ny</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pythagor%C3%A9erna" title="Pythagoréerna">Pytagoreism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nypytagoreism" title="Nypytagoreism">Ny</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sofister" title="Sofister">Sofister</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Stoicism" title="Stoicism">Stoicism</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Indisk_filosofi" title="Indisk filosofi">Indisk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ajivika" title="Ajivika">Ajivika</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Madhyamaka" title="Madhyamaka">Madhyamaka</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sautrantika" title="Sautrantika">Sautrantika</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Yogacara" title="Yogacara">Yogacara</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Yoga_sutra" title="Yoga sutra">Yoga sutra</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Medeltidens_filosofi" title="Medeltidens filosofi">Medeltiden</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4sterl%C3%A4ndsk_filosofi" title="Västerländsk filosofi">Västerländsk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kristen_filosofi" title="Kristen filosofi">Kristen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Skolastik" title="Skolastik">Skolastik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Thomism" title="Thomism">Thomism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A4ssanshumanism" title="Renässanshumanism">Renässanshumanism</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Islamisk_filosofi" title="Islamisk filosofi">Islamisk</a> och <a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterl%C3%A4ndsk_filosofi" title="Österländsk filosofi">österländsk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Advaita" title="Advaita">Advaita</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Dvaita" title="Dvaita">Dvaita</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Neokonfucianism" title="Neokonfucianism">Neokonfucianism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;">Modern tid</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;">Allmänt</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anarkism" title="Anarkism">Anarkism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Cartesianism" title="Cartesianism">Cartesianism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Determinism" title="Determinism">Determinism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Empirism" title="Empirism">Empirism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Existentialism" title="Existentialism">Existentialism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fenomenologi" title="Fenomenologi">Fenomenologi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fundamentism" title="Fundamentism">Fundamentism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Historicism_(filosofi_och_historia)" title="Historicism (filosofi och historia)">Historicism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Holism" title="Holism">Holism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Antihumanism" title="Antihumanism">Anti-</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Idealism" title="Idealism">Idealism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kollektivism" title="Kollektivism">Kollektivism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Konservatism" title="Konservatism">Konservatism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kontraktualism" title="Kontraktualism">Kontraktualism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism">Materialism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Monism" title="Monism">Monism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Naturalism_(filosofi)" title="Naturalism (filosofi)">Naturalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism">Nihilism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nykantianism" title="Nykantianism">Nykantianism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nyskolastik" title="Nyskolastik">Nyskolastik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Positivism" title="Positivism">Positivism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Pragmatism" title="Pragmatism">Pragmatism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">Rationalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Transcendentalism" title="Transcendentalism">Transcendentalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Utilitarism" title="Utilitarism">Utilitarism</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Nutidens_filosofi" title="Nutidens filosofi">Nutid</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Analytisk_filosofi" title="Analytisk filosofi">Analytisk</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Analytisk_marxism" title="Analytisk marxism">Analytisk marxism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Experimentell_filosofi" title="Experimentell filosofi">Experimentell filosofi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Filosofisk_kvietism" title="Filosofisk kvietism">Filosofisk kvietism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Internalism_och_externalism" title="Internalism och externalism">Internalism och externalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Koherentism" title="Koherentism">Koherentism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kommunitarism" title="Kommunitarism">Kommunitarism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Konsekventialism" title="Konsekventialism">Konsekventialism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Logisk_positivism" title="Logisk positivism">Logisk positivism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Metaetik" title="Metaetik">Metaetik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Normativ_etik" title="Normativ etik">Normativ etik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4ttspositivism" title="Rättspositivism">Rättspositivism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Scientism" title="Scientism">Scientism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Till%C3%A4mpad_etik" title="Tillämpad etik">Tillämpad etik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vardagsspr%C3%A5ksfilosofi" title="Vardagsspråksfilosofi">Vardagsspråksfilosofi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vetenskaplig_skepticism" title="Vetenskaplig skepticism">Vetenskaplig skepticism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rderealism" title="Värderealism">Värderealism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Wienkretsen" title="Wienkretsen">Wienkretsen</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;"><a href="/wiki/Kontinental_filosofi" title="Kontinental filosofi">Kontinental</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dekonstruktion" title="Dekonstruktion">Dekonstruktion</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Existentialism" title="Existentialism">Existentialism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Feministisk_filosofi" title="Feministisk filosofi">Feministisk</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fenomenologi" title="Fenomenologi">Fenomenologi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Frankfurtskolan" title="Frankfurtskolan">Frankfurtskolan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Kritisk_teori" title="Kritisk teori">Kritisk teori</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Hermeneutik" title="Hermeneutik">Hermeneutik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nymarxism" title="Nymarxism">Ny</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4sterl%C3%A4ndsk_marxism" title="Västerländsk marxism">Västerländsk</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Socialkonstruktivism" title="Socialkonstruktivism">Socialkonstruktivism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Strukturalism" title="Strukturalism">Strukturalism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Poststrukturalism" title="Poststrukturalism">Post</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style="background:#ceecee;;;">Övrigt</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"></div><table class="navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dialektik" title="Dialektik">Dialektik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Formalism" title="Formalism">Formalism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Nythomism" title="Nythomism">Nythomism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Objektivism_(Ayn_Rand)" title="Objektivism (Ayn Rand)">Objektivism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Relativism" title="Relativism">Relativism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Filosofisk_skepticism" title="Filosofisk skepticism">Skepticism</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" 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