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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ingia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tovuti"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Yaliyomo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Yaliyomo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ficha</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Mwanzo</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Shabaha_ya_mtindo_wa_Kigothi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shabaha_ya_mtindo_wa_Kigothi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Shabaha ya mtindo wa 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href="#Tanbihi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tanbihi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tanbihi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marejeo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marejeo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Marejeo</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Marejeo-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Marejeo subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Marejeo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marejeo_mengine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marejeo_mengine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Marejeo mengine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marejeo_mengine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viungo_vya_nje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viungo_vya_nje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Viungo vya nje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viungo_vya_nje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Yaliyomo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mtindo wa Kigothi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Nenda kwenye makala kwa lugha nyingine. Lugha 79 zinapatikana" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lugha 79</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotiese_argitektuur" title="Gotiese argitektuur – Kiafrikana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gotiese argitektuur" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Kiafrikana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="عمارة قوطية – Kiarabu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عمارة قوطية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Kiarabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%87" title="عماره قوطيه – Kiarabu cha Misri" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عماره قوطيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Kiarabu cha Misri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquiteutura_g%C3%B3tica" title="Arquiteutura gótica – Kiasturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Arquiteutura gótica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Kiasturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qotika_(memarl%C4%B1q)" title="Qotika (memarlıq) – Kiazerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qotika (memarlıq)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Kiazerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Гатычная архітэктура – Kibelarusi" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гатычная архітэктура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Kibelarusi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Гатычная архітэктура – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гатычная архітэктура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Готическа архитектура – Kibulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Готическа архитектура" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Kibulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="গথিক স্থাপত্য – Kibengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গথিক স্থাপত্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Kibengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitektouriezh_c%27hotek" title="Arkitektouriezh c'hotek – Kibretoni" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Arkitektouriezh c'hotek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Kibretoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitectura_g%C3%B2tica" title="Arquitectura gòtica – Kikatalani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arquitectura gòtica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Kikatalani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotick%C3%A1_architektura" title="Gotická architektura – Kicheki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gotická architektura" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Kicheki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pensaern%C3%AFaeth_Gothig" title="Pensaernïaeth Gothig – Kiwelisi" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pensaernïaeth Gothig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Kiwelisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotische_Baukunst" title="Gotische Baukunst – Kijerumani" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gotische Baukunst" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Kijerumani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B8%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Γοτθική αρχιτεκτονική – Kigiriki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γοτθική αρχιτεκτονική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Kigiriki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture – Kiingereza" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gothic architecture" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Kiingereza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotika_arkitekturo" title="Gotika arkitekturo – Kiesperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gotika arkitekturo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Kiesperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitectura_g%C3%B3tica" title="Arquitectura gótica – Kihispania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arquitectura gótica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Kihispania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gooti_arhitektuur" title="Gooti arhitektuur – Kiestonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gooti arhitektuur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Kiestonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitektura_gotikoa" title="Arkitektura gotikoa – Kibaski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arkitektura gotikoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Kibaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="معماری گوتیک – Kiajemi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="معماری گوتیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Kiajemi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotiikka" title="Gotiikka – Kifini" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gotiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Kifini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_gothique" title="Architecture gothique – Kifaransa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Architecture gothique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Kifaransa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotyk" title="Gotyk – Kifrisia cha Magharibi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Gotyk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Kifrisia cha Magharibi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailtireacht_Ghotach" title="Ailtireacht Ghotach – Kiayalandi" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ailtireacht Ghotach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Kiayalandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitectura_g%C3%B3tica" title="Arquitectura gótica – Kigalisi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Arquitectura gótica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Kigalisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%92%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אדריכלות גותית – Kiebrania" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אדריכלות גותית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Kiebrania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="गॉथिक वास्तुकला – Kihindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गॉथिक वास्तुकला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Kihindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goti%C4%8Dka_arhitektura" title="Gotička arhitektura – Kikorasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gotička arhitektura" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kikorasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B8%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B3%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Գոթական ճարտարապետություն – Kiarmenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գոթական ճարտարապետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Kiarmenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectura_gothic" title="Architectura gothic – Kiintalingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Architectura gothic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Kiintalingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsitektur_Gotik" title="Arsitektur Gotik – Kiindonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Arsitektur Gotik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Kiindonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotik_arkitekturo" title="Gotik arkitekturo – Kiido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gotik arkitekturo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Kiido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architettura_gotica" title="Architettura gotica – Kiitaliano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Architettura gotica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Kiitaliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B4%E3%82%B7%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="ゴシック建築 – Kijapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゴシック建築" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Kijapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="გოტიკური არქიტექტურა – Kijojia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გოტიკური არქიტექტურა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Kijojia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF" title="ಗಾತಿಕ್ ವಾಸ್ತು ಶೈಲಿ – Kikannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗಾತಿಕ್ ವಾಸ್ತು ಶೈಲಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kikannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%94%95_%EA%B1%B4%EC%B6%95" title="고딕 건축 – Kikorea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고딕 건축" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Kikorea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opus_francigenum" title="Opus francigenum – Kilatini" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Opus francigenum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Kilatini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotik" title="Gotik – Kilasembagi" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gotik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Kilasembagi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arciteta_gotica" title="Arciteta gotica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Arciteta gotica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotiek" title="Gotiek – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Gotiek" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotikin%C4%97_architekt%C5%ABra" title="Gotikinė architektūra – Kilithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gotikinė architektūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Kilithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotika_(arhitekt%C5%ABra)" title="Gotika (arhitektūra) – Kilatvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gotika (arhitektūra)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Kilatvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Готска архитектура – Kimacedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Готска архитектура" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Kimacedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2" title="ഗോത്തിക് വാസ്തുകല – Kimalayalamu" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗോത്തിക് വാസ്തുകല" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Kimalayalamu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seni_bina_Goth" title="Seni bina Goth – Kimalei" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Seni bina Goth" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Kimalei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotiek_(bouwkunst)" title="Gotiek (bouwkunst) – Kiholanzi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gotiek (bouwkunst)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Kiholanzi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotisk_arkitektur" title="Gotisk arkitektur – Kinorwe cha Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gotisk arkitektur" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Kinorwe cha Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotisk_arkitektur" title="Gotisk arkitektur – Kinorwe cha Bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gotisk arkitektur" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Kinorwe cha Bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estyle_gothique" title="Estyle gothique – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Estyle gothique" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitectura_gotica" title="Arquitectura gotica – Kiokitani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Arquitectura gotica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Kiokitani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architektura_gotycka" title="Architektura gotycka – Kipolandi" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Architektura gotycka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Kipolandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architetura_g%C3%B2tica" title="Architetura gòtica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Architetura gòtica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%DA%BE%DA%A9_%D9%81%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="گوتھک فن تعمیر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گوتھک فن تعمیر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitetura_g%C3%B3tica" title="Arquitetura gótica – Kireno" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arquitetura gótica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Kireno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhitectura_gotic%C4%83" title="Arhitectura gotică – Kiromania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Arhitectura gotică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Kiromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Готическая архитектура – Kirusi" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Готическая архитектура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Kirusi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Готична архитектура – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Готична архитектура" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_airchitectur" title="Gothic airchitectur – Kiskoti" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Gothic airchitectur" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Kiskoti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goti%C4%8Dka_arhitektura" title="Gotička arhitektura – Kiserbia-kroeshia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gotička arhitektura" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Kiserbia-kroeshia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_cathedrals" title="Gothic cathedrals – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gothic cathedrals" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotick%C3%A1_architekt%C3%BAra" title="Gotická architektúra – Kislovakia" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gotická architektúra" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Kislovakia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotska_arhitektura" title="Gotska arhitektura – Kislovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gotska arhitektura" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Kislovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Готичка архитектура – Kiserbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Готичка архитектура" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Kiserbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotisk_arkitektur" title="Gotisk arkitektur – Kiswidi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gotisk arkitektur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Kiswidi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="கோதிக் கட்டிடக்கலை – Kitamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கோதிக் கட்டிடக்கலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Kitamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="สถาปัตยกรรมกอทิก – Kithai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สถาปัตยกรรมกอทิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Kithai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkitekturang_Gotiko" title="Arkitekturang Gotiko – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Arkitekturang Gotiko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotik_mimari" title="Gotik mimari – Kituruki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gotik mimari" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Kituruki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Готична архітектура – Kiukraini" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Готична архітектура" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Kiukraini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%DA%BE%DA%A9_%D9%81%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="گوتھک فن تعمیر – Kiurdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گوتھک فن تعمیر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Kiurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arxitekturada_gotika_uslubi" title="Arxitekturada gotika uslubi – Kiuzbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Arxitekturada gotika uslubi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Kiuzbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%E1%BA%BFn_tr%C3%BAc_Gothic" title="Kiến trúc Gothic – Kivietinamu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kiến trúc Gothic" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Kivietinamu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotiek" title="Gotiek – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Gotiek" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E5%BC%8F%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" title="哥特式建筑 – Kichina cha Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哥特式建筑" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Kichina cha Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E5%BC%8F%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" title="哥特式建筑 – Kichina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哥特式建筑" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kichina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_ki%C3%A0n-tio%CC%8Dk" title="Gothic kiàn-tio̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gothic kiàn-tio̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E5%BC%8F%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="哥德式建築 – Kikantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="哥德式建築" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kikantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q176483#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Hariri viungo vya lugha zingine" class="wbc-editpage">Hariri viungo</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Maeneo ya wiki"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mandhari</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ficha</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Kutoka Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sw" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Catedrala_din_Reims6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Catedrala_din_Reims6.jpg/230px-Catedrala_din_Reims6.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Catedrala_din_Reims6.jpg/345px-Catedrala_din_Reims6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Catedrala_din_Reims6.jpg/460px-Catedrala_din_Reims6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kanisa_kuu" title="Kanisa kuu">Kanisa Kuu</a> la <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ufaransa" title="Ufaransa">Ufaransa</a>) ni kielelezo cha mtindo wa Kigothi</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Domchor_Prag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Domchor_Prag.jpg/220px-Domchor_Prag.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="340" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Domchor_Prag.jpg/330px-Domchor_Prag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Domchor_Prag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="629" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nuru" title="Nuru">Nuru</a> inajaza nafasi zote ndani ya Kanisa Kuu la <a href="/wiki/Prague" class="mw-redirect" title="Prague">Prague</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ucheki" title="Ucheki">Ucheki</a>) ikipita kwenye madirisha makubwa. <a href="/wiki/Tao_(usanifu)" title="Tao (usanifu)">Tao</a> la kuchongoka linatumiwa kote.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mtindo wa Kigothi</b> (pia: <b>Gotiki</b>, kwa <a href="/wiki/Kiingereza" title="Kiingereza">Kiingereza</a>: <i>Gothic style</i>, <i>Gothic architecture</i>) katika <a href="/wiki/Usanifu_majengo" title="Usanifu majengo">usanifu majengo</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Ulaya" title="Ulaya">Ulaya</a> ni <a href="/wiki/Mitindo" title="Mitindo">mtindo</a> ulioanza katika <a href="/wiki/Karne_ya_12" title="Karne ya 12">karne ya 12</a> na kutumika hadi mnamo <a href="/wiki/1500" title="1500">1500</a>. Mtindo huo ulichukua nafasi ya <a href="/wiki/Mtindo_wa_Kiroma" title="Mtindo wa Kiroma">mtindo wa Kiroma</a> uliotumika kabla yake. Ulionekana pia katika <a href="/wiki/Tawi" title="Tawi">matawi</a> mengine ya <a href="/wiki/Sanaa" title="Sanaa">sanaa</a>. Katika <a href="/wiki/Karne_ya_19" title="Karne ya 19">karne ya 19</a> ulitumika upya kwa <a href="/wiki/Jengo" title="Jengo">majengo</a> makubwa katika <a href="/wiki/Mtindo_wa_Kigothi_mamboleo" title="Mtindo wa Kigothi mamboleo">mtindo wa Kigothi mamboleo</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shabaha_ya_mtindo_wa_Kigothi">Shabaha ya mtindo wa Kigothi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mtindo_wa_Kigothi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Hariri sehemu: Shabaha ya mtindo wa Kigothi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mtindo_wa_Kigothi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Shabaha ya mtindo wa Kigothi"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vyanzo vya mtindo huo vilipatikana katika mabadiliko ya majengo yaliyobuniwa kufuatana na mtindo wa Kiroma na pia <a href="/wiki/Ubunifu" title="Ubunifu">ubunifu</a> wa nchi za <a href="/wiki/Uislamu" title="Uislamu">Kiislamu</a>. </p><p>Badiliko kubwa lilikuwa ni kupatikana kwa <a href="/wiki/Mwanga_wa_jua" class="mw-redirect" title="Mwanga wa jua">mwanga</a> ulioweza kufika ndani ya jengo kupitia <a href="/wiki/Dirisha" title="Dirisha">madirisha</a> makubwa. Hapo <a href="/wiki/Ujenzi" title="Ujenzi">wajenzi</a> walihitaji kubuni njia za kupunguza <a href="/wiki/Unene" class="mw-redirect" title="Unene">unene</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Ukuta" title="Ukuta">kuta</a> na <a href="/wiki/Nguzo" title="Nguzo">nguzo</a> bila kuhatarisha uthabiti wa jengo. </p><p>Shabaha ya ubunifu huo kwenye majengo ya <a href="/wiki/Dini" title="Dini">kidini</a> ilikuwa kuvuta <a href="/wiki/Roho" title="Roho">roho</a> ya waumini kuelekea juu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viashiria_vya_mtindo_wa_Kigothi">Viashiria vya mtindo wa Kigothi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mtindo_wa_Kigothi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Hariri sehemu: Viashiria vya mtindo wa Kigothi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mtindo_wa_Kigothi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Viashiria vya mtindo wa Kigothi"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:L%C3%BCbeck_Marienkirche_Strebeb%C3%B6gen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/L%C3%BCbeck_Marienkirche_Strebeb%C3%B6gen.jpg/220px-L%C3%BCbeck_Marienkirche_Strebeb%C3%B6gen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/L%C3%BCbeck_Marienkirche_Strebeb%C3%B6gen.jpg/330px-L%C3%BCbeck_Marienkirche_Strebeb%C3%B6gen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/L%C3%BCbeck_Marienkirche_Strebeb%C3%B6gen.jpg/440px-L%C3%BCbeck_Marienkirche_Strebeb%C3%B6gen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3175" data-file-height="2385" /></a><figcaption>Viegemezo vya kuimarisha sehemu ya <a href="/wiki/Paa" title="Paa">paa</a> ya <a href="/wiki/Kanisa" title="Kanisa">kanisa</a> la Kigothi huko <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ujerumani" title="Ujerumani">Ujerumani</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Oleviste_kirik2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Oleviste_kirik2.JPG/220px-Oleviste_kirik2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Oleviste_kirik2.JPG/330px-Oleviste_kirik2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Oleviste_kirik2.JPG/440px-Oleviste_kirik2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Kuba ubavu za dari ya ukumbi wa kigothi</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Gotic3d2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Gotic3d2.jpg/220px-Gotic3d2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Gotic3d2.jpg/330px-Gotic3d2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Gotic3d2.jpg/440px-Gotic3d2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Sehemu za uundaji wa jengo kubwa la Kigothi</figcaption></figure> <p>Kuna viashiria vitatu ambavyo vyote kwa pamoja vinatofautisha majengo makubwa ya Kigothi na mitindo mingine: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tao_(usanifu)" title="Tao (usanifu)">tao la kuchongoka</a> (ing. <i>pointed arch</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuba_(jengo)" title="Kuba (jengo)">Kuba ubavu</a> (ing. <i>rib vault</i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiegemezo_cha_nje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiegemezo cha nje (bado haujaandikwa)">Kiegemezo cha nje</a> (ing. <i>flying buttress</i>) yaani gadimu za nje za kuhimili <a href="/wiki/Uzito" title="Uzito">uzito</a> wa ukuta na paa.</li></ul> <p>Viashiria hivyo viliwawezesha wajenzi wa karne ya 12-<a href="/wiki/Karne_ya_13" title="Karne ya 13">13</a> kujenga majengo makubwa yenye nafasi kubwa ndani yake yaliyoruhusu kuingia kwa nuru nyingi iwezekanavyo kutokea nje. Madirisha yalipambwa kwa <a href="/wiki/Kioo_cha_rangi" title="Kioo cha rangi">vioo vya rangi</a> vilivyowapa <a href="/wiki/Wasanii" title="Wasanii">wasanii</a> nafasi ya kuonyesha habari za <a href="/wiki/Biblia" class="mw-disambig" title="Biblia">Biblia</a>, za <a href="/wiki/Mtakatifu" title="Mtakatifu">watakatifu</a> au watu muhimu katika kanisa na <a href="/wiki/Serikali" title="Serikali">serikali</a> na hivyo kuwaelimisha waumini. </p><p>Changamoto ya kujenga ukumbi mkubwa wenye nuru ndani yake ilikuwa kuweka madirisha makubwa, ambayo kimsingi ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tundu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tundu (bado haujaandikwa)">matundu</a> yanayodhoofisha ukuta, bila kuhatarisha uthabiti wa jengo lote. Katika mitindo ya awali kama ya Kiroma kuongezeka kwa <a href="/wiki/Kimo" class="mw-disambig" title="Kimo">kimo</a> kulihitaji kuwa na ukuta mnene na nguzo kubwa. Mifumo iliyotajwa iliruhusu kugawa uzito wa <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">dari</a> na jengo lote kugawiwa na kubebwa kupitia <a href="/wiki/Tao_(usanifu)" title="Tao (usanifu)">matao ya kuchongoka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuba_(jengo)" title="Kuba (jengo)">bavu za kuba</a> na gadimu za nje zilizokopea <a href="/wiki/Kani" title="Kani">kani</a> za <a href="/wiki/Masi" class="mw-redirect" title="Masi">masi</a> ya juu. Wajenzi walihitaji <a href="/wiki/Elimu" title="Elimu">elimu</a> kubwa kuhusu mahitaji ya mahali pa jengo na misingi yake pamoja na <a href="/wiki/Kanuni" title="Kanuni">kanuni</a> za <a href="/wiki/Fizikia" title="Fizikia">fizikia</a> ya jengo. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tabia" title="Tabia">Tabia</a> zilizotajwa zinapatikana hasa katika makanisa mengi yaliyojengwa kote Ulaya katika <a href="/wiki/Karne_za_kati" class="mw-redirect" title="Karne za kati">karne za kati</a>, lakini ilitumiwa pia kwenye majengo mengine kama <a href="/wiki/Monasteri" title="Monasteri">kumbi za monasteri</a> au <a href="/wiki/Shirika" title="Shirika">shirika</a> za <a href="/wiki/Mfanyabiashara" title="Mfanyabiashara">wafanyabiashara</a> kwenye <a href="/wiki/Miji" class="mw-redirect" title="Miji">miji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boma" title="Boma">maboma</a> ya <a href="/wiki/Kiongozi" title="Kiongozi">watawala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chuo_Kikuu" title="Chuo Kikuu">vyuo vikuu</a> au kwa kiasi tu kwenye majengo ya watu binafsi waliokuwa na <a href="/wiki/Utajiri" title="Utajiri">utajiri</a> wa kutosha wa kujenga kwa <a href="/wiki/Jiwe" title="Jiwe">mawe</a> na kwa kumwajiri mjenzi hodari. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jina_"Kigothi""><span id="Jina_.22Kigothi.22"></span>Jina "Kigothi"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mtindo_wa_Kigothi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Hariri sehemu: Jina "Kigothi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mtindo_wa_Kigothi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Jina "Kigothi""><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wakati wake (kwenye karne za kati) mtindo huo uliitwa mara nyingi "wa Kifaransa" kwa sababu mifano yake ya kwanza ilitokea nchini Ufaransa. Baadaye wakati wa <a href="/wiki/Zama_za_mwamko" class="mw-redirect" title="Zama za mwamko">zama za mwamko</a> (<i>renaissance</i>) kulikuwa na kipindi ambako watu waliona ni mtindo ambao haupendezi maana walilenga kurudia roho na ubunifu wa nyakati za kale. Hapo waliita mtindo mkuu wa karne za kati "wa Kigothi" kwa maana ya "wa kishenzi" maana waliamini ya kwamba <a href="/wiki/Uzuri" title="Uzuri">uzuri</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Dola_la_Roma" title="Dola la Roma">Dola la Roma</a> ya Kale uliharibiwa na <a href="/wiki/Wagermanik" title="Wagermanik">makabila ya Kigermanik</a> kama <a href="/wiki/Wagothi" class="mw-redirect" title="Wagothi">Wagothi</a> na tokeo la uharibifu huo ni mtindo waliouita "wa Kigothi". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tanbihi">Tanbihi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mtindo_wa_Kigothi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Hariri sehemu: Tanbihi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mtindo_wa_Kigothi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Tanbihi"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marejeo">Marejeo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mtindo_wa_Kigothi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Hariri sehemu: Marejeo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mtindo_wa_Kigothi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Marejeo"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="margin-left:1.5em;"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1346650">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite id="Kigezo:Sfnref" class="citation book cs1">Bony, Jean (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k7ytJ-gXonMC&printsec=frontcover"><i>French Gothic Architecture of the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="United States">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>): <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="University of California">University of California</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_California_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of California Press (bado haujaandikwa)">Press</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-520-02831-7" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-520-02831-7"><bdi>0-520-02831-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=French+Gothic+Architecture+of+the+Twelfth+and+Thirteenth+Centuries&rft.place=Oakland%2C+United+States+%28California%29&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-520-02831-7&rft.aulast=Bony&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk7ytJ-gXonMC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="Kigezo:Sfnref" class="citation book cs1">Ching, Francis D.K. (2012). <i>A Visual Dictionary of Architecture</i> (tol. la 2nd). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0-470-64885-8" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0-470-64885-8"><bdi>978-0-470-64885-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Visual+Dictionary+of+Architecture&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-470-64885-8&rft.aulast=Ching&rft.aufirst=Francis+D.K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="Kigezo:Sfnref" class="citation book cs1">Der Manuelian, Lucy (2001). "Ani: The Fabled Capital of Armenia". Katika <a href="/w/index.php?title=S._Peter_Cowe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S. Peter Cowe (bado haujaandikwa)">Cowe, S. Peter</a> (mhr.). <i>Ani: World Architectural Heritage of a Medieval Armenian Capital</i>. Peeters: Leuven Sterling. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-90-429-1038-6" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-90-429-1038-6"><bdi>978-90-429-1038-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ani%3A+The+Fabled+Capital+of+Armenia&rft.btitle=Ani%3A+World+Architectural+Heritage+of+a+Medieval+Armenian+Capital&rft.place=Peeters&rft.pub=Leuven+Sterling&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-90-429-1038-6&rft.aulast=Der+Manuelian&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="Kigezo:Sfnref" class="citation book cs1">Fiske, Kimball (1943). <i>The Creation of the Rococo</i>. <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="United States">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philadelphia Museum of Art (bado haujaandikwa)">Philadelphia Museum of Art</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Creation+of+the+Rococo&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+United+States+%28Pennsylvania%29&rft.pub=Philadelphia+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=1943&rft.aulast=Fiske&rft.aufirst=Kimball&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="Kigezo:Sfnref" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banister_Fletcher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banister Fletcher (bado haujaandikwa)">Fletcher, Banister</a> (2001). <i>A History of Architecture on the Comparative Method</i>. <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsevier_Science_%26_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elsevier Science & Technology (bado haujaandikwa)">Elsevier Science & Technology</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-7506-2267-9" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-7506-2267-9"><bdi>0-7506-2267-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Architecture+on+the+Comparative+Method&rft.place=Amsterdam%2C+Netherlands&rft.pub=Elsevier+Science+%26+Technology&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7506-2267-9&rft.aulast=Fletcher&rft.aufirst=Banister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="Kigezo:Sfnref" class="citation book cs1">Garsoïan, Nina G. (2015). "Sirarpie Der Nersessian (1896–1989)". Katika <a href="/w/index.php?title=Helen_Damico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helen Damico (bado haujaandikwa)">Damico, Helen</a> (mhr.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4XZACwAAQBAJ&pg=PT316"><i>Medieval Scholarship: Biographical Studies on the Formation of a Discipline: Religion and Art</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abingdon-on-Thames&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abingdon-on-Thames (bado haujaandikwa)">Abingdon-on-Thames</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/England" class="mw-redirect" title="England">England</a>): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Routledge (bado haujaandikwa)">Routledge</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-1-317-77636-9" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-1-317-77636-9"><bdi>978-1-317-77636-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sirarpie+Der+Nersessian+%281896%E2%80%931989%29&rft.btitle=Medieval+Scholarship%3A+Biographical+Studies+on+the+Formation+of+a+Discipline%3A+Religion+and+Art&rft.place=Abingdon-on-Thames%2C+United+Kingdom+%28England%29&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-317-77636-9&rft.aulast=Garso%C3%AFan&rft.aufirst=Nina+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4XZACwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="Kigezo:Sfnref" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Grodecki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Grodecki (bado haujaandikwa)">Grodecki, Louis</a> (1977). Nervi, Luigi (mhr.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gothicarchitectu0000grod_n2y9"><i>Gothic Architecture</i></a>. In collaboration with Anne Prache and Roland Recht, translated from <a href="/wiki/French_language" class="mw-redirect" title="French language">French</a> by I. Mark Paris. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="United States">United States</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_(state)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New York (state) (bado haujaandikwa)">New York</a>): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abrams_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abrams Books (bado haujaandikwa)">Abrams Books</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-8109-1008-X" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-8109-1008-X"><bdi>0-8109-1008-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gothic+Architecture&rft.place=New+York+City%2C+United+States+%28New+York%29&rft.pub=Abrams+Books&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-8109-1008-X&rft.aulast=Grodecki&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgothicarchitectu0000grod_n2y9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="Kigezo:Snfref" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Harvey_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Harvey (author) (bado haujaandikwa)">Harvey, John</a> (1950). <i>The Gothic World, 1100–1600</i>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, United Kingdom (England): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batsford_(publisher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batsford (publisher) (bado haujaandikwa)">Batsford</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/9780002552288" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/9780002552288"><bdi>9780002552288</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gothic+World%2C+1100%E2%80%931600&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom+%28England%29&rft.pub=Batsford&rft.date=1950&rft.isbn=9780002552288&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="Kigezo:Sfnref" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Marshall_Lang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Marshall Lang (bado haujaandikwa)">Lang, David Marshall</a> (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/armenianspeoplei00lang"><i>Armenia: Cradle of Civilization</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crows_Nest,_New_South_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crows Nest, New South Wales (bado haujaandikwa)">Crows Nest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allen_%26_Unwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allen & Unwin (bado haujaandikwa)">Allen & Unwin</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armenia%3A+Cradle+of+Civilization&rft.place=Crows+Nest%2C+Australia+%28New+South+Wales%29&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Lang&rft.aufirst=David+Marshall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farmenianspeoplei00lang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="Kigezo:Sfnref" class="citation book cs1">Mitchell, Ann (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cathedralsofeuro00mitc"><i>Cathedrals of Europe</i></a>. Great Buildings of the World. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Feltham,_Middlesex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feltham, Middlesex (bado haujaandikwa)">Feltham, Middlesex</a>, United Kingdom (England): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamlyn_(publishers)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamlyn (publishers) (bado haujaandikwa)">Hamlyn</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ASIN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASIN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0006C19ES">B0006C19ES</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cathedrals+of+Europe&rft.place=Feltham%2C+Middlesex%2C+United+Kingdom+%28England%29&rft.series=Great+Buildings+of+the+World&rft.pub=Hamlyn&rft.date=1968&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB0006C19ES%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcathedralsofeuro00mitc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="Kigezo:Sfnref" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolaus_Pevsner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolaus Pevsner (bado haujaandikwa)">Pevsner, Nikolaus</a> (1964). <i>An Outline of European Architecture</i>. London, United Kingdom (England): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelican_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelican Books (bado haujaandikwa)">Pelican Books</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-14-061613-6" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-14-061613-6"><bdi>0-14-061613-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Outline+of+European+Architecture&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom+%28England%29&rft.pub=Pelican+Books&rft.date=1964&rft.isbn=0-14-061613-6&rft.aulast=Pevsner&rft.aufirst=Nikolaus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="Kigezo:Sfnref" class="citation book cs1">Raeburn, Michael (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/architectureofwe0000unse"><i>Architecture of the Western World</i></a>. With a forward by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir_Hugh_Casson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sir Hugh Casson (bado haujaandikwa)">Sir Hugh Casson</a>. New York City, United States (New York): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rizzoli_(publisher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rizzoli (publisher) (bado haujaandikwa)">Rizzoli International</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-8478-0349-X" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-8478-0349-X"><bdi>0-8478-0349-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architecture+of+the+Western+World&rft.place=New+York+City%2C+United+States+%28New+York%29&rft.pub=Rizzoli+International&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-8478-0349-X&rft.aulast=Raeburn&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farchitectureofwe0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li>Chapter: <i>The Middle Ages</i>, written by Nicola Coldstream</li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="Kigezo:Sfnref" class="citation book cs1">Scott, Robert A. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=26dGzdsX49gC&printsec=frontcover"><i>The Gothic enterprise: a guide to understanding the Medieval cathedral</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a>, United States (California): University of California Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-520-23177-5" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-520-23177-5"><bdi>0-520-23177-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gothic+enterprise%3A+a+guide+to+understanding+the+Medieval+cathedral&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+United+States+%28California%29&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-520-23177-5&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D26dGzdsX49gC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="Kigezo:Sfnref" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, Cecil (1959). <i>History of Architectural Development: Early Christian, Byzantine and Romanesque Architecture</i>. London, United Kingdom (England): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Longman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Longman (bado haujaandikwa)">Longman</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Architectural+Development%3A+Early+Christian%2C+Byzantine+and+Romanesque+Architecture&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom+%28England%29&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Cecil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="Kigezo:Sfnref" class="citation book cs1">Swaan, Wim (1988). <i>The Gothic Cathedral</i>. Omega Books. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/090785348X" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/090785348X"><bdi>090785348X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gothic+Cathedral&rft.pub=Omega+Books&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=090785348X&rft.aulast=Swaan&rft.aufirst=Wim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="Kigezo:Sfnref" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Talbot_Rice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Talbot Rice (bado haujaandikwa)">Talbot Rice, David Talbot</a> (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/appreciationofby0000rice"><i>The Appreciation of Byzantine Art</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, United Kingdom (England): <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxford University Press (bado haujaandikwa)">Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Appreciation+of+Byzantine+Art&rft.place=Oxford%2C+United+Kingdom+%28England%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Talbot+Rice&rft.aufirst=David+Talbot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fappreciationofby0000rice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="Kigezo:Sfnref" class="citation book cs1">Vasari, Giorgio (1907). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerard_Baldwin_Brown&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerard Baldwin Brown (bado haujaandikwa)">Brown, Gerald Baldwin</a>; Maclehose, Louisa (whr.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vasariontechniqu1907vasa"><i>Vasari on Technique: Being the Introduction to the Three Arts of Design, Architecture, Sculpture and Painting, Prefixed to the Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors and Architects</i></a>. London, United Kingdom (England): <a href="/w/index.php?title=J._M._Dent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. M. Dent (bado haujaandikwa)">J. M. Dent</a> & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vasari+on+Technique%3A+Being+the+Introduction+to+the+Three+Arts+of+Design%2C+Architecture%2C+Sculpture+and+Painting%2C+Prefixed+to+the+Lives+of+the+Most+Excellent+Painters%2C+Sculptors+and+Architects&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom+%28England%29&rft.pub=J.+M.+Dent+%26+Co.&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Vasari&rft.aufirst=Giorgio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvasariontechniqu1907vasa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="Kigezo:Sfnref" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giorgio_Vasari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giorgio Vasari (bado haujaandikwa)">Vasari, Giorgio</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/livesofartists0000vasa"><i>The Lives of the Artists</i></a>. Translated with an introduction and notes by J.C. and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Bondanella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Bondanella (bado haujaandikwa)">P. Bondanella</a>. Oxford, United Kingdom (England): <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxford University Press (bado haujaandikwa)">Press</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/9780199537198" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/9780199537198"><bdi>9780199537198</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lives+of+the+Artists&rft.place=Oxford%2C+United+Kingdom+%28England%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780199537198&rft.aulast=Vasari&rft.aufirst=Giorgio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flivesofartists0000vasa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marejeo_mengine">Marejeo mengine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mtindo_wa_Kigothi&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Hariri sehemu: Marejeo mengine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mtindo_wa_Kigothi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Marejeo mengine"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banister_Fletcher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banister Fletcher (bado haujaandikwa)">Fletcher, Banister</a>; Cruickshank, Dan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gt1jTpXAThwC&printsec=frontcover"><i>Sir Banister Fletcher's a History of Architecture</i></a>, Architectural Press, 20th edition, 1996 (first published 1896). <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0750622679" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7506-2267-9</a>. Cf. Part Two, Chapter 14.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="Kigezo:Sfnref" class="citation book cs1">Bumpus, T. Francis (1928). <i>The Cathedrals and Churches of Belgium</i>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/England" class="mw-redirect" title="England">England</a>): <a href="/w/index.php?title=T._Werner_Laurie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T. Werner Laurie (bado haujaandikwa)">T. Werner Laurie</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/9781313401852" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/9781313401852"><bdi>9781313401852</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cathedrals+and+Churches+of+Belgium&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom+%28England%29&rft.pub=T.+Werner+Laurie&rft.date=1928&rft.isbn=9781313401852&rft.aulast=Bumpus&rft.aufirst=T.+Francis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="Kigezo:Sfnref" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alec_Clifton-Taylor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alec Clifton-Taylor (bado haujaandikwa)">Clifton-Taylor, Alec</a> (1967). <i>The Cathedrals of England</i>. London, United Kingdom (England): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thames_and_Hudson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thames and Hudson (bado haujaandikwa)">Thames and Hudson</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-500-18070-9" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-500-18070-9"><bdi>0-500-18070-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cathedrals+of+England&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom+%28England%29&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=0-500-18070-9&rft.aulast=Clifton-Taylor&rft.aufirst=Alec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="Kigezo:Sfnref" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helen_Gardner_(art_historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helen Gardner (art historian) (bado haujaandikwa)">Gardner, Helen</a>; Kleiner, Fred S.; Mamiya, Christin J. (2004). <i>Gardner's Art Through the Ages</i>. <a href="/wiki/Stamford,_Connecticut" title="Stamford, Connecticut">Stamford</a>, United States (<a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomson_Wadsworth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomson Wadsworth (bado haujaandikwa)">Thomson Wadsworth</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-15-505090-7" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-15-505090-7"><bdi>0-15-505090-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gardner%27s+Art+Through+the+Ages&rft.place=Stamford%2C+United+States+%28Connecticut%29&rft.pub=Thomson+Wadsworth&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-15-505090-7&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft.au=Kleiner%2C+Fred+S.&rft.au=Mamiya%2C+Christin+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="Kigezo:Sfnref" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Harvey_(author)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Harvey (author) (bado haujaandikwa)">Harvey, John</a> (1961). <i>English Cathedrals</i>. United Kingdom (England): Batsford. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ASIN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASIN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0000CL4S8">B0000CL4S8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Cathedrals&rft.place=United+Kingdom+%28England%29&rft.pub=Batsford&rft.date=1961&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB0000CL4S8%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" id="Kigezo:Sfnref">Huyghe, René, ed. (1963). "Larousse Encyclopedia of Byzantine and Medieval Art". <i>Larousse Encyclopedia of Byzantine and Medieval Art</i>. London, United Kingdom (England): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamlyn_(publishers)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamlyn (publishers) (bado haujaandikwa)">Hamlyn</a>. <span class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/9780600023579" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/9780600023579">9780600023579</a></span></span></li></ul> <pre> . </pre> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="Kigezo:Sfnref" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francois_Icher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francois Icher (bado haujaandikwa)">Icher, Francois</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/buildinggreatcat00iche"><i>Building the Great Cathedrals</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City">New York City</a>, United States (<a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_(state)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New York (state) (bado haujaandikwa)">New York</a>): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abrams_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abrams Books (bado haujaandikwa)">Abrams Books</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-8109-4017-5" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-8109-4017-5"><bdi>0-8109-4017-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Building+the+Great+Cathedrals&rft.place=New+York+City%2C+United+States+%28New+York%29&rft.pub=Abrams+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-8109-4017-5&rft.aulast=Icher&rft.aufirst=Francois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbuildinggreatcat00iche&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Simson1988" class="citation book cs1">von Simson, Otto Georg (1988). <i>The Gothic cathedral: origins of Gothic architecture and the medieval concept of order</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-691-09959-6" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-691-09959-6"><bdi>0-691-09959-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gothic+cathedral%3A+origins+of+Gothic+architecture+and+the+medieval+concept+of+order&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-691-09959-6&rft.aulast=von+Simson&rft.aufirst=Otto+Georg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Glaser, Stephanie, "The Gothic Cathedral and Medievalism," in: <i>Falling into Medievalism</i>, ed. Anne Lair and Richard Utz. Special Issue of <i>UNIversitas: The University of Northern Iowa Journal of Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activity</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720093046/http://www.uni.edu/universitas/spring06/default.htm">2.1 (2006)</a>. (on the Gothic revival of the 19th century and the depictions of Gothic cathedrals in the Arts)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFMoore1890" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Charles (1890). <i>Development & Character of Gothic Architecture</i>. Macmillan and Co. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/1-4102-0763-3" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/1-4102-0763-3"><bdi>1-4102-0763-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Development+%26+Character+of+Gothic+Architecture&rft.pub=Macmillan+and+Co.&rft.date=1890&rft.isbn=1-4102-0763-3&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Rudolph, Conrad ed., <i>A Companion to Medieval Art: Romanesque and Gothic in Northern Europe</i>, 2nd ed. (2016)</li> <li>Tonazzi, Pascal (2007) <i>Florilège de Notre-Dame de Paris (anthologie)</i>, Editions <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arl%C3%A9a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arléa (bado haujaandikwa)">Arléa</a>, Paris, <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/2869597959" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2-86959-795-9</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2005" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Christopher (2005). <i>The Gothic Cathedral - Architecture of the Great Church</i>. Thames and Hudson. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0500276815" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/978-0500276815"><bdi>978-0500276815</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gothic+Cathedral+-+Architecture+of+the+Great+Church&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0500276815&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="Kigezo:Sfnref" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Summerson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Summerson (bado haujaandikwa)">Summerson, John</a> (1983). Pelican Books (mhr.). <i>Architecture in Britain, 1530–1830</i>. London, United Kingdom (England). <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-14-056003-3" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-14-056003-3"><bdi>0-14-056003-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architecture+in+Britain%2C+1530%E2%80%931830&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom+%28England%29&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-14-056003-3&rft.aulast=Summerson&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Kigezo:Cite_book" title="Kigezo:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamii:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamii:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (bado haujaandikwa)">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="Kigezo:Snfref" class="citation book cs1">Swaan, Wim. <i>Art and Architecture of the Late Middle Ages</i>. Omega Books. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-907853-35-8" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/0-907853-35-8"><bdi>0-907853-35-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+and+Architecture+of+the+Late+Middle+Ages&rft.pub=Omega+Books&rft.isbn=0-907853-35-8&rft.aulast=Swaan&rft.aufirst=Wim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="Kigezo:Sfnref" class="citation book cs1">Tatton-Brown, Tim; Crook, John (2002). <i>The English Cathedral</i>. New Holland Publishers. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (bado haujaandikwa)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/1-84330-120-2" title="Maalum:ZuiaChanzo/1-84330-120-2"><bdi>1-84330-120-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+English+Cathedral&rft.pub=New+Holland+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-84330-120-2&rft.aulast=Tatton-Brown&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Crook%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viungo_vya_nje">Viungo vya nje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mtindo_wa_Kigothi&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Hariri sehemu: Viungo vya nje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mtindo_wa_Kigothi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Viungo vya nje"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit; width: 250px; padding: 4px; spacing: 0px; text-align: left; float: right;"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="WikiMedia Commons"><img alt="WikiMedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/75px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/100px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>WikiMedia Commons</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 60px;"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> ina media kuhusu: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><i><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gothic_architecture?uselang=sw">Gothic architecture</a></b></i></div> </div> </div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Gothic_architecture" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Gothic architecture"> Gothic architecture travel guide</a> kutoka Wikisafiri </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mappinggothic.org">Mapping Gothic France</a>, a project by Columbia University and Vassar College with a database of images, 360° panoramas, texts, charts and historical maps</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/239678/Gothic-architecture">Gothic Architecture</a> Encyclopædia Britannica</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFHolbeche_Bloxam1841" class="citation book cs1">Holbeche Bloxam, Matthew (1841). <i>Gothic Ecclesiastical Architecture, Elucidated by Question and Answer</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gothic+Ecclesiastical+Architecture%2C+Elucidated+by+Question+and+Answer&rft.date=1841&rft.aulast=Holbeche+Bloxam&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/19737">Gutenberg.org</a>, from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Gutenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Project Gutenberg (bado haujaandikwa)">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1346650"><cite id="CITEREFBrandonBrandon1849" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Raphael_Rodrigues_Brandon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Raphael Rodrigues Brandon (bado haujaandikwa)">Brandon, Raphael</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joshua_Arthur_Rodrigues_Brandon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joshua Arthur Rodrigues Brandon (bado haujaandikwa)">Brandon, Arthur</a> (1849). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/analysisofgothic02branuoft"><i>An analysis of Gothick architecture: illustrated by a series of upwards of seven hundred examples of doorways, windows, etc., and accompanied with remarks on the several details of an ecclesiastical edifice</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+analysis+of+Gothick+architecture%3A+illustrated+by+a+series+of+upwards+of+seven+hundred+examples+of+doorways%2C+windows%2C+etc.%2C+and+accompanied+with+remarks+on+the+several+details+of+an+ecclesiastical+edifice&rft.date=1849&rft.aulast=Brandon&rft.aufirst=Raphael&rft.au=Brandon%2C+Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanalysisofgothic02branuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%3AMtindo+wa+Kigothi" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/analysisofgothic01branuoft">Archive.org</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" style="background: transparent;"><tbody><tr> <td><i>Makala bado ni <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mbegu" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Mbegu">mbegu</a>. 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