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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Siste endringar</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Tilfeldig_side" title="Vis ei tilfeldig side [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Tilfeldig side</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Innhald" title="Hjelp til å bruke alle funksjonane."><span>Hjelp</span></a></li><li id="n-kontakt" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-query" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-query emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Eksterne søk </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bantu_languages" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33146" title="Lenkje til tilknytt element [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hovudside" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logg inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fleire val" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personlege verktøy" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personlege verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brukarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nn.wikipedia.org&uselang=nn"><span>Gåver</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Bantuspr%C3%A5k" title="Me oppfordrar til at du oppretter ein konto og loggar inn, men det er ikkje påkravd."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opprett konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Bantuspr%C3%A5k" title="Det er ikkje obligatorisk å logga inn, men medfører mange fordelar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sider for utlogga bidragsytarar <a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Introduksjon" aria-label="Lær meir om redigering"><span>lær meir</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bidraga_mine" title="Liste over endringar gjorde frå denne IP-adressa [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Diskusjonssida_mi" title="Diskusjon om endringar gjorde av denne ip-adressa [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettstad"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhald" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhald</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gøym</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Byrjinga</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geografisk_område" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografisk_område"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geografisk område</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografisk_område-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viktige_bantuspråk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viktige_bantuspråk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Viktige bantuspråk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viktige_bantuspråk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grammatikk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammatikk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Grammatikk</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammatikk-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Grammatikk</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammatikk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fonologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Fonologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morfologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morfologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Morfologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morfologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Språkhistorie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Språkhistorie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Språkhistorie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Språkhistorie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forskingshistorie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forskingshistorie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Forskingshistorie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forskingshistorie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inndeling_etter_Guthrie-nummer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inndeling_etter_Guthrie-nummer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Inndeling etter Guthrie-nummer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inndeling_etter_Guthrie-nummer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bakgrunnsstoff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bakgrunnsstoff</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Bakgrunnsstoff</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bakgrunnsstoff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhald" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innhaldslista" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innhaldslista</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bantuspråk</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til ein artikkel på eit anna språk. Tilgjengeleg på 78 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuspr%C3%A5k" title="Bantuspråk – norsk bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bantuspråk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norsk bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuspr%C3%A5k" title="Bantuspråk – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bantuspråk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantusprog" title="Bantusprog – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bantusprog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantoetale" title="Bantoetale – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bantoetale" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="لغات البانتو – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغات البانتو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_bant%C3%BAs" title="Llingües bantús – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingües bantús" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vantu_%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BDngu%C3%A9ra" title="Vantu ñe'ẽnguéra – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Vantu ñe'ẽnguéra" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_dill%C9%99ri" title="Bantu dilləri – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bantu dilləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="بانتو دیللری – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بانتو دیللری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B)" title="Банту (мовы) – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Банту (мовы)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezho%C3%B9_bantouek" title="Yezhoù bantouek – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezhoù bantouek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_bantus" title="Llengües bantus – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengües bantus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantusk%C3%A9_jazyky" title="Bantuské jazyky – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bantuské jazyky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitauro_ye_Chibantu" title="Mitauro ye Chibantu – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mitauro ye Chibantu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viyowoyelo_vachi_Bantu" title="Viyowoyelo vachi Bantu – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Viyowoyelo vachi Bantu" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieithoedd_Bantu" title="Ieithoedd Bantu – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ieithoedd Bantu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="betre artikkel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantusprachen" title="Bantusprachen – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bantusprachen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_keeled" title="Bantu keeled – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bantu keeled" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Γλώσσες Μπαντού – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γλώσσες Μπαντού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bantu languages" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_bant%C3%BAes" title="Lenguas bantúes – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas bantúes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantua_lingvaro" title="Bantua lingvaro – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bantua lingvaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_hizkuntzak" title="Bantu hizkuntzak – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bantu hizkuntzak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="زبان‌های بانتو – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان‌های بانتو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_bantoues" title="Langues bantoues – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues bantoues" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_bant%C3%BAs" title="Linguas bantús – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Linguas bantús" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_ng%C3%AE-chhu%CC%8Dk" title="Bantu ngî-chhu̍k – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Bantu ngî-chhu̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%98%ED%88%AC%EC%96%B4%EA%B5%B0" title="반투어군 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="반투어군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Բանտու լեզուներ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բանտու լեզուներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="बांटू भाषा परिवार – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बांटू भाषा परिवार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="betre artikkel"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuske_r%C4%9B%C4%8De" title="Bantuske rěče – høgsorbisk" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Bantuske rěče" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="høgsorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuski_jezici" title="Bantuski jezici – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bantuski jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu-lingui" title="Bantu-lingui – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bantu-lingui" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Bantu" title="Rumpun bahasa Bantu – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rumpun bahasa Bantu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bant%C3%BAm%C3%A1l" title="Bantúmál – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bantúmál" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingue_bantu" title="Lingue bantu – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingue bantu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95" title="שפות בנטו – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפות בנטו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ბანტუს ენები – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბანტუს ენები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Банту тілдері – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Банту тілдері" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugha_za_Kibantu" title="Lugha za Kibantu – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lugha za Kibantu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandinga_ya_kibantu" title="Bandinga ya kibantu – kikongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Bandinga ya kibantu" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kikongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Банту тилдери – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Банту тилдери" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_valodas" title="Bantu valodas – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bantu valodas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bant%C5%B3_kalbos" title="Bantų kalbos – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bantų kalbos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_nyelvek" title="Bantu nyelvek – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bantu nyelvek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83-%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Банту-јазици – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Банту-јазици" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianakaviam-piteny_banto" title="Fianakaviam-piteny banto – madagassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fianakaviam-piteny banto" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="madagassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ബാണ്ടു ഭാഷകൾ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബാണ്ടു ഭാഷകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Bantu" title="Bahasa Bantu – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Bantu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantoetalen" title="Bantoetalen – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bantoetalen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%83%BC%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%A4" title="バントゥー語群 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バントゥー語群" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuspriaken" title="Bantuspriaken – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bantuspriaken" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantual_lingues" title="Bantual lingues – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Bantual lingues" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengas_bantos" title="Lengas bantos – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lengas bantos" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_tillari" title="Bantu tillari – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bantu tillari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="بانتو زباناں – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بانتو زباناں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88_%DA%98%D8%A8%DB%90" title="بانتو ژبې – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بانتو ژبې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_bantu" title="Języki bantu – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki bantu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_bantas" title="Línguas bantas – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Línguas bantas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbi_bantu" title="Limbi bantu – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limbi bantu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantu_simikuna" title="Pantu simikuna – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pantu simikuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8)" title="Банту (языки) – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Банту (языки)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbas_bantu" title="Limbas bantu – sardinsk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limbas bantu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bantu languages" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantusk%C3%A9_jazyky" title="Bantuské jazyky – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bantuské jazyky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Банту језици – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Банту језици" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_jezici" title="Bantu jezici – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bantu jezici" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantukielet" title="Bantukielet – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bantukielet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="பண்டு மொழிகள் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பண்டு மொழிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Банту телләре – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Банту телләре" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_dilleri" title="Bantu dilleri – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bantu dilleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8)" title="Банту (мови) – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Банту (мови)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="بانتو زبانیں – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بانتو زبانیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_Bantu" title="Nhóm ngôn ngữ Bantu – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhóm ngôn ngữ Bantu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="班图语支 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="班图语支" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_%C3%A8d%C3%A8_B%C3%A0nt%C3%BA" title="Àwọn èdè Bàntú – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwọn èdè Bàntú" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9C%96%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="班圖語族 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="班圖語族" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="班图语支 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="班图语支" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33146#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Endra mellomspråklege lenkjer" class="wbc-editpage">Endra lenkjer</a></span></div> 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</div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utsjånad"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utsjånad</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">gøym</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Frå Wikipedia – det frie oppslagsverket</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nn" dir="ltr"><p><b>Bantuspråk</b> er ei undergruppe av <a href="/wiki/Niger-kongo-spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Niger-kongo-språk">niger-kongo-språka</a>, som blir snakka i <a href="/wiki/Aust-Afrika" title="Aust-Afrika">Aust-</a> og <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8rlege_Afrika" title="Sørlege Afrika">sørlege Afrika</a>. Det finst fleire hundre bantuspråk, kor mange er ikkje lett å seie, i og med at skiljet mellom språk og dialekt er vanskeleg å dra. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografisk_område"><span id="Geografisk_omr.C3.A5de"></span>Geografisk område</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuspr%C3%A5k&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Endre bolk: Geografisk område" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuspr%C3%A5k&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Geografisk område"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Viktige land med bantutalarar er mellom anna (dei sørlege delane av) <a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kongo" class="mw-disambig" title="Kongo">Kongo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik">Mosambik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> og <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Afrika" title="Sør-Afrika">Sør-Afrika</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viktige_bantuspråk"><span id="Viktige_bantuspr.C3.A5k"></span>Viktige bantuspråk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuspr%C3%A5k&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Endre bolk: Viktige bantuspråk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuspr%C3%A5k&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Viktige bantuspråk"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det viktigaste bantuspråket er <a href="/wiki/Swahili" title="Swahili">swahili</a>. Sjølv om det ikkje har meir enn rundt 6 millionar talarar, er det <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> i store delar av Aust-Afrika, og det er offisielt språk i <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>. Eit anna bantuspråk som har status som lingua franca er <a href="/wiki/Lingala" title="Lingala">lingala</a>, som blir brukt som handelsspråk i Kongobekkenet. <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5ket_zulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Språket zulu">Zulu</a> og <a href="/wiki/Xhosa" title="Xhosa">xhosa</a> er viktige språk i Sør-Afrika. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammatikk">Grammatikk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuspr%C3%A5k&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Endre bolk: Grammatikk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuspr%C3%A5k&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Grammatikk"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fonologi">Fonologi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuspr%C3%A5k&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Endre bolk: Fonologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuspr%C3%A5k&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Fonologi"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dei fleste bantuspråka er <a href="/wiki/Tonespr%C3%A5k" title="Tonespråk">tonespråk</a>, men ikkje alle er det. <a href="/wiki/Swahili" title="Swahili">Swahili</a> har ikkje tone, kanskje på grunn av at det har vore sterkt påverka av <a href="/wiki/Arabisk" title="Arabisk">arabisk</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morfologi">Morfologi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuspr%C3%A5k&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Endre bolk: Morfologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuspr%C3%A5k&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Morfologi"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bantuspråka er morfologisk sett relativt like, dei er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agglutinerande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agglutinerande (sida finst ikkje)">agglutinerande</a> språk som i hovudsak har <a href="/wiki/Prefiks" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefiks">prefiks</a>. Særleg verbbøyinga er godt utbygd, eit verb kan ha opp til femten prefiks (og eitt eller to suffiks]]. Affiksa er inndelt i klassar, slik at nokre av suffiksa står i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komplement%C3%A6r_distribusjon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komplementær distribusjon (sida finst ikkje)">komplementær distribusjon</a>, og desse affiksklassene kjem i ei bestemt rekkjefølgje i ordforma. Verba kongruerer både med subjekt og objekt i tal og person, og i tillegg blir dei bøygd både i tempus, modus og negasjon. Eit døme på det siste er den kjende swahilifrasen <i>hakuna matata</i> «ingen problem», der <i>ha-</i> er eit negasjonsprefiks, og <i>-kuna</i> er hjelpeverbet «å vere». </p><p>Substantiva blir delt inn i klasser etter eit system tilsvarande <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> i norsk, og verb og adjektiv kongruerer med substantiva i klasser. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Språkhistorie"><span id="Spr.C3.A5khistorie"></span>Språkhistorie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuspr%C3%A5k&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Endre bolk: Språkhistorie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuspr%C3%A5k&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Språkhistorie"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bantu sine slektspråk ligg i Vest-Afrika, dei fleste nord for <a href="/wiki/Ekvator" title="Ekvator">ekvator</a>. Bantuspråka er resultat av ei folkevandring av hovudsakleg kvegbønder i løpet av dei siste 1500 åra. Jf. kart over bantu-ekspansjonen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forskingshistorie">Forskingshistorie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuspr%C3%A5k&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Endre bolk: Forskingshistorie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuspr%C3%A5k&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Forskingshistorie"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grunnlaget for den vitskaplege utforskinga av bantuspråka vart lagt på <a href="/wiki/1800-talet" title="1800-talet">1800-talet</a>, av tyske forskarar innanfor det <a href="/w/index.php?title=Junggrammatikk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Junggrammatikk (sida finst ikkje)">junggrammatiske</a> paradigmet. Målet for desse forskarane var å avdekke den historiske prosessen som hadde ført fram til dagens bantuspråk. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Bleek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Bleek (sida finst ikkje)">Wilhelm Bleek</a> var den første som skildra <a href="/wiki/Nominalklasse" title="Nominalklasse">nominalklassesystemet</a> til bantuspråka. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Meinhof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Meinhof (sida finst ikkje)">Carl Meinhof</a> utarbeidde den første samanliknande <a href="/wiki/Grammatikk" title="Grammatikk">grammatikken</a> over bantuspråka. </p><p>Etter <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8rste_verdskrigen" class="mw-redirect" title="Første verdskrigen">første verdskrigen</a> mista <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a> dei afrikanske koloniane sine, og meir av bantuforskinga vart utført av britar. Bantulogen <a href="/w/index.php?title=M._Guthrie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. Guthrie (sida finst ikkje)">M. Guthrie</a> har rekonstruert <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ur-bantu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ur-bantu (sida finst ikkje)">ur-bantu</a>, og han har også laga eit klassifiseringsspråk over bantuspråk. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inndeling_etter_Guthrie-nummer">Inndeling etter Guthrie-nummer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuspr%C3%A5k&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Endre bolk: Inndeling etter Guthrie-nummer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuspr%C3%A5k&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Inndeling etter Guthrie-nummer"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bantulogar refererer til bantuspråk med det såkalla <a href="/wiki/Guthrie-nummer" title="Guthrie-nummer">Guthrie-nummeret</a>. Vanlegvis blir språkfamiliar ordna genetisk i grupper slik at dei språka som har felles urspråk kjem i same gruppe. For bantuspråka har det vist seg å vere vanskeleg å setje opp ein genetisk definert indre struktur. I staden sette bantulogen <a href="/w/index.php?title=M._Guthrie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. Guthrie (sida finst ikkje)">M. Guthrie</a> opp eit system der han delte opp det bantuspråklege området inn i femten soner, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, L, M, N, P, R, S, kvar sone med omtrent like stor språkleg variasjon. Sonene er geografisk bestemt, slik at språk som ligg attmed kvarandre kjem i same sone. Jf. Guthrie sitt kart i referanselista nedanfor. Seinare har særleg belgiske bantulogar argumentert for ein sekstande sone, J, som består av ein del språk frå sonene D og E (språka J = D40, D50, D60, E10, E20, E30). Her er ei liste over bantustpråkgrupper ordna etter Guthrie-nummer. </p> <ol><li>Sone A (Sør-Kamerun & nord-Gabon)</li> <li>Sone B (Sør-Gabon & vest-Kongo-B)</li> <li>Sone C (Nordvest, nord- & Sentral-Kongo)</li> <li>Sone D (Nordaust, aust-Kongo-K & Rwanda-Burundi)</li> <li>Sone E (Sør-Uganda, Sørvest-Kenya & nordvest- Tanzania)</li> <li>Sone F (Nord- & Vest-Tanzania)</li> <li>Sone G (Sentral-, aust Tanzania & <a href="/wiki/Swahili" title="Swahili">swahilikysten</a>)</li> <li>Sone H (Sørvest-Kongo-B & Nord-Angola)</li> <li>Sone J (Kombinert D/E-klasse)</li> <li>Sone K (Aust-Angola & Vest-Zambia)</li> <li>Sone L (Sør-Kongo-K & Vest-, Sentral-Zambia)</li> <li>Sone M (Aust-, Sentral-Zambia, Sørvest-Tanzania & Søraust-Kongo-K)</li> <li>Sone N (Malawi, Sentrale Mosambik & Søraust-Zambia)</li> <li>Sone P (Sør-Tanzania & Nord-Mosambik)</li> <li>Sone R (Sørvest-Angola & Nordvest-Namibia)</li> <li>Sone S (Zimbabwe, Sør-Mosambik & aust i Sør-Africa)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakgrunnsstoff">Bakgrunnsstoff</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuspr%C3%A5k&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Endre bolk: Bakgrunnsstoff" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuspr%C3%A5k&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Bakgrunnsstoff"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bantu-languages.com/en/bantu_intro.html">Guthrie si liste over bantuspråk</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bantu-languages.com/zones.html">Guthrie sitt kart over soner for bantuspråk</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuspr%C3%A5k&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Endre bolk: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>endre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bantuspr%C3%A5k&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>endre wikiteksten</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bryan, M. A. ed. 1959: The Bantu Languages of Africa</li> <li>Guthrie, M 1948 (1967):, The Classification of the Bantu Languages (1948, repr. 1967)</li> <li>Guthrie, M 1967–71: Comparative Bantu (4 vol).</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3515230">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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