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id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-名称" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#名称"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>名称</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-名称-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-最常用的班图语言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#最常用的班图语言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>最常用的班图语言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-最常用的班图语言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-分支" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#分支"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>分支</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-分支-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-研究历史和今天的地位" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#研究历史和今天的地位"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>研究历史和今天的地位</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-研究历史和今天的地位-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关研究历史和今天的地位子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-研究历史和今天的地位-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-研究历史概述" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#研究历史概述"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>研究历史概述</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-研究历史概述-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-班图语言来源理论的发展" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#班图语言来源理论的发展"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>班图语言来源理论的发展</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-班图语言来源理论的发展-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-卡尔·理查德·莱普修斯" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#卡尔·理查德·莱普修斯"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>卡尔·理查德·莱普修斯</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-卡尔·理查德·莱普修斯-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-奥古斯特·施莱谢尔" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#奥古斯特·施莱谢尔"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>奥古斯特·施莱谢尔</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-奥古斯特·施莱谢尔-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-卡尔·曼霍夫" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#卡尔·曼霍夫"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>卡尔·曼霍夫</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-卡尔·曼霍夫-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-狄尔里奇·威斯特曼和約瑟·哈羅德·格林伯格" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#狄尔里奇·威斯特曼和約瑟·哈羅德·格林伯格"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.4</span> <span>狄尔里奇·威斯特曼和約瑟·哈羅德·格林伯格</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-狄尔里奇·威斯特曼和約瑟·哈羅德·格林伯格-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-在尼日尔-刚果语系中的位置" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#在尼日尔-刚果语系中的位置"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>在尼日尔-刚果语系中的位置</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-在尼日尔-刚果语系中的位置-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-发源地和普及" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#发源地和普及"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>发源地和普及</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-发源地和普及-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关发源地和普及子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-发源地和普及-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-发源地" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#发源地"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>发源地</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-发源地-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-普及" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#普及"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>普及</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-普及-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-东西向扩张" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#东西向扩张"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>东西向扩张</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-东西向扩张-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-扩张过程" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#扩张过程"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>扩张过程</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-扩张过程-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-语言特征" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#语言特征"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>语言特征</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-语言特征-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关语言特征子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-语言特征-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-语音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#语音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>语音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-语音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-类名词变形" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#类名词变形"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>类名词变形</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-类名词变形-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-类名词" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#类名词"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>类名词</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-类名词-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-举例" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#举例"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span>举例</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-举例-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-名词与形容词的一致性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#名词与形容词的一致性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.3</span> <span>名词与形容词的一致性</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-名词与形容词的一致性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-主语与谓语的一致性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#主语与谓语的一致性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.4</span> <span>主语与谓语的一致性</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-主语与谓语的一致性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-物主关系" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#物主关系"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.5</span> <span>物主关系</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-物主关系-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-类的意义" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#类的意义"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.6</span> <span>类的意义</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-类的意义-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-代词" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#代词"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.7</span> <span>代词</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-代词-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-数量词" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#数量词"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.8</span> <span>数量词</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-数量词-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-动词变位" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#动词变位"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>动词变位</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-动词变位-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-动词衍生、体和时态" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#动词衍生、体和时态"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.1</span> <span>动词衍生、体和时态</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-动词衍生、体和时态-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-派生" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#派生"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.1.1</span> <span>派生</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-派生-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-体、语气和时态" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#体、语气和时态"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.1.2</span> <span>体、语气和时态</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-体、语气和时态-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-斯瓦希里语中的动词变位" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#斯瓦希里语中的动词变位"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.2</span> <span>斯瓦希里语中的动词变位</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-斯瓦希里语中的动词变位-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-动词不定式" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#动词不定式"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.2.1</span> <span>动词不定式</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-动词不定式-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-祈使語氣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#祈使語氣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.2.2</span> <span>祈使語氣</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-祈使語氣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-直陳語氣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#直陳語氣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.2.3</span> <span>直陳語氣</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-直陳語氣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-直陈语气的例子" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#直陈语气的例子"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.2.4</span> <span>直陈语气的例子</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-直陈语气的例子-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-受益格" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#受益格"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.2.5</span> <span>受益格</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-受益格-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-从句" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#从句"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.2.6</span> <span>从句</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-从句-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-被动式" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#被动式"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.2.7</span> <span>被动式</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-被动式-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-使役语气" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#使役语气"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.2.8</span> <span>使役语气</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-使役语气-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文字和文学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文字和文学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>文字和文学</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文字和文学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关参考资料子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-非洲語言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#非洲語言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>非洲語言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-非洲語言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-班圖語言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#班圖語言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>班圖語言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-班圖語言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-語法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#語法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>語法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-語法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">班图语支</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。78种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantoetale" title="Bantoetale – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bantoetale" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="لغات البانتو – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغات البانتو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_bant%C3%BAs" title="Llingües bantús – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingües bantús" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_dill%C9%99ri" title="Bantu dilləri – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bantu dilləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="بانتو دیللری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بانتو دیللری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B)" title="Банту (мовы) – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Банту (мовы)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezho%C3%B9_bantouek" title="Yezhoù bantouek – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezhoù bantouek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_bantus" title="Llengües bantus – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengües bantus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantusk%C3%A9_jazyky" title="Bantuské jazyky – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bantuské jazyky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieithoedd_Bantu" title="Ieithoedd Bantu – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ieithoedd Bantu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantusprog" title="Bantusprog – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bantusprog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantusprachen" title="Bantusprachen – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bantusprachen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Γλώσσες Μπαντού – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γλώσσες Μπαντού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bantu languages" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantua_lingvaro" title="Bantua lingvaro – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bantua lingvaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_bant%C3%BAes" title="Lenguas bantúes – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas bantúes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_keeled" title="Bantu keeled – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bantu keeled" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_hizkuntzak" title="Bantu hizkuntzak – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bantu hizkuntzak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88" title="زبان‌های بانتو – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان‌های بانتو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantukielet" title="Bantukielet – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bantukielet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_bantoues" title="Langues bantoues – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues bantoues" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuspriaken" title="Bantuspriaken – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bantuspriaken" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_bant%C3%BAs" title="Linguas bantús – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Linguas bantús" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vantu_%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BDngu%C3%A9ra" title="Vantu ñe'ẽnguéra – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Vantu ñe'ẽnguéra" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_ng%C3%AE-chhu%CC%8Dk" title="Bantu ngî-chhu̍k – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Bantu ngî-chhu̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95" title="שפות בנטו – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפות בנטו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="बांटू भाषा परिवार – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बांटू भाषा परिवार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuski_jezici" title="Bantuski jezici – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bantuski jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuske_r%C4%9B%C4%8De" title="Bantuske rěče – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Bantuske rěče" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_nyelvek" title="Bantu nyelvek – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bantu nyelvek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Բանտու լեզուներ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բանտու լեզուներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Bantu" title="Rumpun bahasa Bantu – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rumpun bahasa Bantu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu-lingui" title="Bantu-lingui – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bantu-lingui" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bant%C3%BAm%C3%A1l" title="Bantúmál – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bantúmál" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingue_bantu" title="Lingue bantu – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingue bantu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%83%BC%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%A4" title="バントゥー語群 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バントゥー語群" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ბანტუს ენები – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბანტუს ენები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandinga_ya_kibantu" title="Bandinga ya kibantu – 刚果语" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Bandinga ya kibantu" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="刚果语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Банту тілдері – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Банту тілдері" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%98%ED%88%AC%EC%96%B4%EA%B5%B0" title="반투어군 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="반투어군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Банту тилдери – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Банту тилдери" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bant%C5%B3_kalbos" title="Bantų kalbos – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bantų kalbos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_valodas" title="Bantu valodas – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bantu valodas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianakaviam-piteny_banto" title="Fianakaviam-piteny banto – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fianakaviam-piteny banto" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83-%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Банту-јазици – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Банту-јазици" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ബാണ്ടു ഭാഷകൾ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബാണ്ടു ഭാഷകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Bantu" title="Bahasa Bantu – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Bantu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantoetalen" title="Bantoetalen – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bantoetalen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuspr%C3%A5k" title="Bantuspråk – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bantuspråk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuspr%C3%A5k" title="Bantuspråk – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bantuspråk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantual_lingues" title="Bantual lingues – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Bantual lingues" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengas_bantos" title="Lengas bantos – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lengas bantos" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_bantu" title="Języki bantu – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki bantu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="بانتو زباناں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بانتو زباناں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88_%DA%98%D8%A8%DB%90" title="بانتو ژبې – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بانتو ژبې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_bantas" title="Línguas bantas – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Línguas bantas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantu_simikuna" title="Pantu simikuna – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pantu simikuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbi_bantu" title="Limbi bantu – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limbi bantu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8)" title="Банту (языки) – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Банту (языки)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbas_bantu" title="Limbas bantu – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limbas bantu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_jezici" title="Bantu jezici – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bantu jezici" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bantu languages" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantusk%C3%A9_jazyky" title="Bantuské jazyky – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bantuské jazyky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitauro_ye_Chibantu" title="Mitauro ye Chibantu – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mitauro ye Chibantu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Банту језици – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Банту језици" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuspr%C3%A5k" title="Bantuspråk – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bantuspråk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugha_za_Kibantu" title="Lugha za Kibantu – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lugha za Kibantu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="பண்டு மொழிகள் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பண்டு மொழிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_dilleri" title="Bantu dilleri – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bantu dilleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Банту телләре – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Банту телләре" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viyowoyelo_vachi_Bantu" title="Viyowoyelo vachi Bantu – 通布卡语" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Viyowoyelo vachi Bantu" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="通布卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8)" title="Банту (мови) – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Банту (мови)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="بانتو زبانیں – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بانتو زبانیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_tillari" title="Bantu tillari – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bantu tillari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_Bantu" title="Nhóm ngôn ngữ Bantu – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhóm ngôn ngữ Bantu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="班图语支 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="班图语支" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%E1%BB%8Dn_%C3%A8d%C3%A8_B%C3%A0nt%C3%BA" title="Àwọn èdè Bàntú – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwọn èdè Bàntú" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9C%96%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="班圖語族 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="班圖語族" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33146#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&oldid=79628440" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&id=79628440&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E7%258F%25AD%25E5%259B%25BE%25E8%25AF%25AD%25E6%2594%25AF"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E7%258F%25AD%25E5%259B%25BE%25E8%25AF%25AD%25E6%2594%25AF"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bantu_languages" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q33146" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Veil plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">本條目<b>有<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C#滚动列表与折叠元素" title="Wikipedia:格式手册">隱藏内容</a></b>，或許有礙讀者閱覽。請協助<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit">改善</a>條目，以符合维基百科标准。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2015年9月12日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>一般應該僅由特定標準化模板提供摺疊資料表格，勿因<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SPOIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SPOIL">故事劇情</a>或項目混雜而隱藏；內容應該考慮其他方式呈現。重複記載、過度細節與<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOT">無助了解主題的堆砌內容</a>等需要考慮除去。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-No_footnotes plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" 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td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:22em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: orange;">班图语支</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:35%;;">地理分佈</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%A5%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="撒哈拉以南非洲">撒哈拉以南非洲</a>，主要在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%8A%E7%90%83" title="南半球">南半球</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:35%;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%B3%BB%E5%B1%9E%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="语言系属分类">谱系学分类</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E5%B0%94-%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="尼日尔-刚果语系">尼日尔-刚果语系</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B-%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="大西洋-刚果语族">大西洋-刚果语族</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%8A%AA%E5%9F%83-%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="贝努埃-刚果语支">贝努埃-刚果语支</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%BB%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="类班图语支">类班图语支</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E7%B1%BB%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南类班图语支（页面不存在）">南类班图语支</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><b>班图语支</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:35%;;">分支</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div></div> <div>—</div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: orange;;">语言代码</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:35%;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a> / <a href="/wiki/ISO_639-5" title="ISO 639-5">5</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><samp><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/bnt" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:bnt">bnt</a></samp></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">–</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Niger-Congo_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Niger-Congo_map.png/200px-Niger-Congo_map.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Niger-Congo_map.png/300px-Niger-Congo_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Niger-Congo_map.png/400px-Niger-Congo_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1207" data-file-height="1139" /></a></span><br /><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E5%B0%94-%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="尼日尔-刚果语系">尼日尔-刚果语系</a>分布圖，棕色為班圖語支分布</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bantu_zones.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bantu_zones.png/200px-Bantu_zones.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bantu_zones.png/300px-Bantu_zones.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bantu_zones.png/400px-Bantu_zones.png 2x" data-file-width="782" data-file-height="790" /></a></span><br /><div style="text-align:left;">班圖語支的分區，共可分為A～S等區域</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>班图语支</b>是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="非洲语言">非洲</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%A5%E5%B0%94-%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="尼日尔-刚果语系">尼日尔-刚果语系</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B-%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="大西洋-刚果语族">大西洋-刚果语族</a>中的一个语支，其中包含约600种语言，有约两亿母语者。在整个<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a>中部和南部很普及，尽管在中非和南非国家中<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语">法语</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="葡萄牙语">葡萄牙语</a>一般为<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="官方语言">官方语言</a>，但是班图语支是这些国家中最普及的语言。 </p><p>在西北方<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="班图">班图</a>地区与其它尼日尔-刚果语系接壤，在东北方它与<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E7%BD%97-%E6%92%92%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="尼罗-撒哈拉语系">尼罗-撒哈拉语系</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%9D%9E%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="亚非语系">亚非语系</a>（其中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E5%B8%8C%E7%89%B9%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="庫希特語族">庫希特語族</a>）相邻。在西南方有一个<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E4%BE%9D%E6%A1%91%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="科依桑语系">科依桑语系</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%B2%9B" title="语言岛">語言島</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="名称"><span id=".E5.90.8D.E7.A7.B0"></span>名称</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：名称"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E8%AF%AD" title="刚果语">刚果语</a>中班图意为“人”。1856年<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Bleek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Bleek（页面不存在）">威廉·布莱克</a>在语言学讨论中用它来称呼一个普及很广的非洲语支。这些语言有许多共同点，其中包括非常明显的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%BB%E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="类名词（页面不存在）">类名词</a>系统，此外在<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E6%B1%87" title="词汇">词汇</a>上也有许多共同点。下表显示“人”这个词的在一些重要班图语言中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E6%95%B8_(%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8)" class="mw-redirect" title="單數 (語言學)">单数</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E6%95%B0_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" class="mw-redirect" title="复数 (语法)">众数</a>形式： </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#COFOFO;"> <th>语言 </th> <th>单数 </th> <th>众数 </th></tr> <tr> <td>刚果语、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E5%B9%B2%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD" title="卢干达语">卢干达语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD" title="卢旺达语">卢旺达语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E9%B2%81%E8%AF%AD" title="祖鲁语">祖鲁语</a></td> <td>mu-ntu</td> <td>ba-ntu </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E9%9B%B7%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="赫雷罗语">赫雷罗语</a></td> <td>mu-ndu</td> <td>va-ndu </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="林加拉语">林加拉语</a></td> <td>mo-to</td> <td>ba-to </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%B4%A2%E6%89%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="南索托語">南索托语</a></td> <td>mō-thō</td> <td>bā-thō </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B8%8C%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="斯瓦希里语">斯瓦希里语</a></td> <td>m-tu</td> <td>wa-tu </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>似乎单数形式是通过<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E7%BC%80" class="mw-redirect" title="前缀">前缀</a><span lang="en">mu-</span>，众数形式通过前缀<span lang="en">ba-</span>来标志的。事实上这是两个几乎在所有班图语言中都有的类名词，它们分别用来表示人的单数和众数。在书写班图语言的时候不使用上面的连接号，但是在本文中为了显示类名词的使用而使用了。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="最常用的班图语言"><span id=".E6.9C.80.E5.B8.B8.E7.94.A8.E7.9A.84.E7.8F.AD.E5.9B.BE.E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80"></span>最常用的班图语言</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：最常用的班图语言"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>最著名也是最为<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="通用语">通用</a>与最常用的班图语言是斯瓦希里语。以下列表列出所有至少有三百万人说的班图语言、使用者数量以及使用者的居住区。有些这些语言是所谓的通用语，不仅<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="母语">母语</a>用者学它们，而且许多其他人也学它们作为<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="第二语言">第二语言</a>或者第三语言，用它们作为一个大地区内不同民族共同使用的语言。 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#COFOFO;"> <th>语言 </th> <th>使用者数量 </th> <th>主要分布区域 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B8%8C%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="斯瓦希里语">斯瓦希里语</a></td> <td align="right">7.5-8千万</td> <td>坦桑尼亚、肯尼亚、乌干达、卢旺达、布隆迪、刚果民主共和国、莫桑比克 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B9%E7%B4%8D%E8%AA%9E" title="紹納語">绍纳语</a></td> <td align="right">1.1千万</td> <td>津巴布韦、赞比亚 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E9%B2%81%E8%AF%AD" title="祖鲁语">祖鲁语</a></td> <td align="right">1千万</td> <td>南非、莱索托、斯威士兰、马拉维 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E5%88%87%E7%93%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="齐切瓦语">齐切瓦语</a></td> <td align="right">1千万</td> <td>马拉维、赞比亚、莫桑比克 </td></tr> <tr> <td>林加拉语</td> <td align="right">9百万</td> <td>刚果民主共和国、刚果共和国 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%97%BA%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD" title="卢旺达语">盧安達語</a></td> <td align="right">8百万</td> <td>卢旺达、布隆迪、乌干达、刚果民主共和国 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E8%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="科薩語">科薩語</a></td> <td align="right">7.5百万</td> <td>南非、莱索托 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%87%E5%8D%A2%E4%BC%AF%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奇卢伯语（页面不存在）">奇卢伯语</a></td> <td align="right">6.5百万</td> <td>刚果民主共和国 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%86%E7%8F%AD%E6%9D%9C%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="姆班杜語">姆班杜語</a></td> <td align="right">6百万</td> <td>安哥拉 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%BA%AB%E5%B0%A4%E8%AA%9E" title="基庫尤語">基库尤语</a></td> <td align="right">5.5百万</td> <td>肯尼亚 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%9C%9F%E5%B7%B4%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="吉土巴语">吉土巴语</a></td> <td align="right">5百万</td> <td>刚果民主共和国、刚果共和国 </td></tr> <tr> <td>卢干达语</td> <td align="right">5百万</td> <td>乌干达 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E9%9A%86%E8%BF%AA%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="基隆迪语">基隆迪语</a></td> <td align="right">5百万</td> <td>布隆迪、卢旺达、乌干达 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%BA%93%E9%98%BF%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马库阿语（页面不存在）">马库阿语</a></td> <td align="right">5百万</td> <td>莫桑比克 </td></tr> <tr> <td>南索托语</td> <td align="right">5百万</td> <td>莱索托、南非 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%A8%E7%93%A6%E7%BA%B3%E8%AF%AD" title="茨瓦纳语">茨瓦纳语</a></td> <td align="right">5百万</td> <td>博茨瓦纳、南非 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%A2%E6%89%98%E8%AA%9E" title="北索托語">北索托语</a></td> <td align="right">4百万</td> <td>南非、博茨瓦纳 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%82%A6%E6%9D%9C%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="金邦杜语">金邦杜語</a></td> <td align="right">4百万</td> <td>安哥拉 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E5%B8%8C%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卢希亚语（页面不存在）">卢希亚语</a></td> <td align="right">3.6百万</td> <td>肯尼亚 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%B7%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="本巴语">本巴语</a></td> <td align="right">3.6百万</td> <td>赞比亚、刚果民主共和国 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AA%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%AD" title="聪加语">聪加语</a></td> <td align="right">3.3百万</td> <td>南非、莫桑比克、津巴布韦 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E5%BA%93%E9%A9%AC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏库马语（页面不存在）">苏库马语</a></td> <td align="right">3.2百万</td> <td>坦桑尼亚 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A7%86%E5%B7%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="卡姆巴语">卡姆巴语</a></td> <td align="right">3百万</td> <td>肯尼亚 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>除此之外还有许多有上百万使用者的语言。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="分支"><span id=".E5.88.86.E6.94.AF"></span>分支</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：分支"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84318674">@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-div{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-div mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 4px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1); text-align: center; font-size: 95%; color: inherit;"> <div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color collapsible-title" style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background-color: #ccf; color: var(--color-emphasized,#000); width: 100%; position: relative; ;">班图语支，521种语言<span style="position: absolute; top: 0; right: 3px;"><span class="mw-collapsible-toggle-placeholder"></span></span> </div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;"> <p><b>班图语支</b> (Narrow Bantu，521) </p> <ul><li>中部班图语 Central Narrow Bantu (345) <ul><li>Central Narrow Bantu D (32) <ul><li>Bembe (D.50) (2) <ul><li>Bembe (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bmb">bmb</a></span>)</li> <li>Buyu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=byi">byi</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>比拉-胡库语 Bira-Huku (D.30) (14) <ul><li>Bhele (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bhy">bhy</a></span>)</li> <li>比拉语 Bila (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bip">bip</a></span>)</li> <li>Bodo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=boy">boy</a></span>)</li> <li>Bera (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=brf">brf</a></span>)</li> <li>Budu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=buu">buu</a></span>)</li> <li>Homa (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=hom">hom</a></span>)</li> <li>Kaiku (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kkq">kkq</a></span>)</li> <li>Komo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kmw">kmw</a></span>)</li> <li>Kango (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kzy">kzy</a></span>)</li> <li>Ndaka (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ndk">ndk</a></span>)</li> <li>Nyali (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nlj">nlj</a></span>)</li> <li>Amba (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=rwm">rwm</a></span>)</li> <li>Vanuma (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=vau">vau</a></span>)</li> <li>Mbo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=zmw">zmw</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Enya (D.10) (4) <ul><li>Enya (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=gey">gey</a></span>)</li> <li>Lengola (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lej">lej</a></span>)</li> <li>Mbole (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mdq">mdq</a></span>)</li> <li>Mituku (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=zmq">zmq</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Lega-Kalanga (D.20) (11) <ul><li>Bali (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bcp">bcp</a></span>)</li> <li>Beeke (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bkf">bkf</a></span>)</li> <li>Hamba (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=hba">hba</a></span>)</li> <li>Holoholo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=hoo">hoo</a></span>)</li> <li>Kanu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=khx">khx</a></span>)</li> <li>Kwami (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ktf">ktf</a></span>)</li> <li>Lega-Shabunda (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lea">lea</a></span>)</li> <li>Lega-Mwenga (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lgm">lgm</a></span>)</li> <li>Lika (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lik">lik</a></span>)</li> <li>Songoora (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sod">sod</a></span>)</li> <li>津巴语 Zimba (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=zmb">zmb</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Nyanga (D.40) (1) <ul><li>Nyanga (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nyj">nyj</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Central Narrow Bantu E (36) <ul><li>Chaga (E.30) (7) <ul><li>Gweno (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=gwe">gwe</a></span>)</li> <li>Kahe (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=hka">hka</a></span>)</li> <li>Machame (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=jmc">jmc</a></span>)</li> <li>Mochi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=old">old</a></span>)</li> <li>Rombo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=rof">rof</a></span>)</li> <li>Rwa (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=rwk">rwk</a></span>)</li> <li>Vunjo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=vun">vun</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>基库尤-卡姆巴语 Kikuyu-Kamba (E.20) (8) <ul><li>Dhaiso (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=dhs">dhs</a></span>)</li> <li>恩布语（Embu）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ebu">ebu</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A7%86%E5%B7%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="卡姆巴语">卡姆巴语</a>（Kamba）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kam">kam</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%BA%AB%E5%B0%A4%E8%AA%9E" title="基庫尤語">基库尤语</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%89%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%A4%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="吉库尤语（页面不存在）">吉库尤语</a>（Gikuyu）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kik">kik</a></span>)</li> <li>梅鲁语 (Meru，4) <ul><li>Chuka (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=cuh">cuh</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E9%B2%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅鲁语（页面不存在）">梅鲁语</a>（Meru）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mer">mer</a></span>)</li> <li>Mwimbi-Muthambi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mws">mws</a></span>)</li> <li>Tharaka (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=thk">thk</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Kuria (E.10) (11) <ul><li>Kabwa (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=cwa">cwa</a></span>)</li> <li>Gusii (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=guz">guz</a></span>)</li> <li>Ikizu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ikz">ikz</a></span>)</li> <li>Kuria (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kuj">kuj</a></span>)</li> <li>Ngurimi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ngq">ngq</a></span>)</li> <li>Ikoma (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ntk">ntk</a></span>)</li> <li>Temi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=soz">soz</a></span>)</li> <li>Suba (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=suh">suh</a></span>)</li> <li>Sizaki (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=szk">szk</a></span>)</li> <li>Ware (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=wre">wre</a></span>)</li> <li>Zanaki (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=zak">zak</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Nyika (E.40) (10) <ul><li>Malakote (1) <ul><li>Malakote (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mlk">mlk</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Mijikenda (5) <ul><li>Chonyi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=coh">coh</a></span>)</li> <li>迪戈语 Digo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=dig">dig</a></span>)</li> <li>Duruma (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=dug">dug</a></span>)</li> <li>Giryama (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nyf">nyf</a></span>)</li> <li>Segeju (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=seg">seg</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>波科莫语 Pokomo (2) <ul><li>上波科莫语 Pokomo, Upper (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=pkb">pkb</a></span>)</li> <li>下波科莫语 Pokomo, Lower (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=poj">poj</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>泰塔语 Taita (2) <ul><li>泰塔语 Taita (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=dav">dav</a></span>)</li> <li>萨加拉语 Sagalla (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=tga">tga</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Central Narrow Bantu F (16) <ul><li>Nyilamba-Langi (F.30) (4) <ul><li>Langi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lag">lag</a></span>)</li> <li>姆布圭语 Mbugwe (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mgz">mgz</a></span>)</li> <li>Nilamba (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nim">nim</a></span>)</li> <li>尼亚图鲁语 Nyaturu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=rim">rim</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>苏库马-尼扬韦齐语 Sukuma-Nyamwezi (F.20) (6) <ul><li>Konongo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kcz">kcz</a></span>)</li> <li>Kimbu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kiv">kiv</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%AC%E9%9F%A6%E9%BD%90%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼扬韦齐语（页面不存在）">尼扬韦齐语</a>（Nyamwezi）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nym">nym</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E5%BA%93%E9%A9%AC%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏库马语（页面不存在）">苏库马语</a>（Sukuma）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=suk">suk</a></span>)</li> <li>Sumbwa (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=suw">suw</a></span>)</li> <li>Bungu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=wun">wun</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Tongwe (F.10) (6) <ul><li>Bende (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bdp">bdp</a></span>)</li> <li>菲帕语 Fipa (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=fip">fip</a></span>)</li> <li>Mambwe-Lungu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mgr">mgr</a></span>)</li> <li>Pimbwe (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=piw">piw</a></span>)</li> <li>Rungwa (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=rnw">rnw</a></span>)</li> <li>Tongwe (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=tny">tny</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Central Narrow Bantu G (36) <ul><li>贝纳-金加语 Bena-Kinga (G.60) (9) <ul><li>贝纳语（Bena）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bez">bez</a></span>)</li> <li>Magoma (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=gmx">gmx</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%AB%E8%B5%AB%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赫赫语（页面不存在）">赫赫语</a>（Hehe）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=heh">heh</a></span>)</li> <li>基西语 Kisi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kiz">kiz</a></span>)</li> <li>Manda (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mgs">mgs</a></span>)</li> <li>Pangwa (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=pbr">pbr</a></span>)</li> <li>Sangu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sbp">sbp</a></span>)</li> <li>Wanji (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=wbi">wbi</a></span>)</li> <li>金加语（Kinga）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=zga">zga</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>戈戈语 Gogo (G.10) (2) <ul><li>戈戈语 Gogo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=gog">gog</a></span>)</li> <li>Kagulu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kki">kki</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>波戈罗语 Pogoro (G.50) (2) <ul><li>Ndamba (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ndj">ndj</a></span>)</li> <li>波戈罗语 Pogolo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=poy">poy</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>申巴拉语 Shambala (G.20) (4) <ul><li>阿苏语 Asu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=asa">asa</a></span>)</li> <li>Bondei (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bou">bou</a></span>)</li> <li>申巴拉语 Shambala (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ksb">ksb</a></span>)</li> <li>Taveta (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=tvs">tvs</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>斯瓦希里语 (Swahili (G.40)，8) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%91%A9%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="科摩罗语">科摩罗语</a>（Comorian）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=swb">swb</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B8%8C%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD" title="斯瓦希里语">斯瓦希里语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="斯瓦西里语">斯瓦西里语</a>（Swahili）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=swh">swh</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B8%8C%E9%87%8C%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="刚果斯瓦希里语（页面不存在）">刚果斯瓦希里语</a>（Swahili, Congo）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=swc">swc</a></span>)</li> <li>Comorian, Mwali (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=wlc">wlc</a></span>)</li> <li>Mwani (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=wmw">wmw</a></span>)</li> <li>科摩罗恩兹瓦尼方言（Comorian, Ndzwani)(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=wni">wni</a></span>)</li> <li>Makwe (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ymk">ymk</a></span>)</li> <li>科摩罗恩加齐加方言（Comorian, Ngazidja）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=zdj">zdj</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>齐瓜-扎拉莫语 Zigula-Zaramo (G.30) (11) <ul><li>Kwere (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=cwe">cwe</a></span>)</li> <li>Doe (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=doe">doe</a></span>)</li> <li>Kami (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kcu">kcu</a></span>)</li> <li>Kutu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kdc">kdc</a></span>)</li> <li>Ngulu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ngp">ngp</a></span>)</li> <li>卢古鲁语 Luguru (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ruf">ruf</a></span>)</li> <li>萨加拉语 Sagala (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sbm">sbm</a></span>)</li> <li>Vidunda (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=vid">vid</a></span>)</li> <li>Mushungulu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=xma">xma</a></span>)</li> <li>扎拉莫语 Zaramo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=zaj">zaj</a></span>)</li> <li>齐瓜语 Zigula (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ziw">ziw</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Central Narrow Bantu H (22) <ul><li>Hungana (H.40) (1) <ul><li>Hungana (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=hum">hum</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>刚果语 Kongo (H.10) (10) <ul><li>Beembe (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=beq">beq</a></span>)</li> <li>Doondo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=dde">dde</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E8%AF%AD" title="刚果语">刚果语</a> Koongo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kng">kng</a></span>)</li> <li>圣萨尔瓦多刚果语 Kongo, San Salvador (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kwy">kwy</a></span>)</li> <li>Laari (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ldi">ldi</a></span>)</li> <li>Kunyi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=njx">njx</a></span>)</li> <li>Suundi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sdj">sdj</a></span>)</li> <li>维利语 Vili (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=vif">vif</a></span>)</li> <li>Kaamba (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=xku">xku</a></span>)</li> <li>Yombe (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=yom">yom</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>姆本杜语 (Mbundu (H.20)，4) <ul><li>Bolo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=blv">blv</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%86%E6%9C%AC%E6%9D%9C%E8%AF%AD" title="姆本杜语">姆本杜语</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A7%86%E5%B4%A9%E6%9D%9C%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="姆崩杜语（页面不存在）">姆崩杜语</a>（Mbundu）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kmb">kmb</a></span>)</li> <li>Nsongo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nsx">nsx</a></span>)</li> <li>Sama (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=smd">smd</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Yaka (H.30) (7) <ul><li>Lonzo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lnz">lnz</a></span>)</li> <li>Mbangala (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mxg">mxg</a></span>)</li> <li>Ngongo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=noq">noq</a></span>)</li> <li>Pelende (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ppp">ppp</a></span>)</li> <li>Sonde (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=shc">shc</a></span>)</li> <li>苏库语 Suku (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sub">sub</a></span>)</li> <li>Yaka (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=yaf">yaf</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Central Narrow Bantu J (53) <ul><li>哈亚-吉塔语 Haya-Jita (J.20) (9) <ul><li>哈亚语 Haya (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=hay">hay</a></span>)</li> <li>吉塔语 Jita (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=jit">jit</a></span>)</li> <li>克雷维语 Kerewe (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ked">ked</a></span>)</li> <li>Kwaya (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kya">kya</a></span>)</li> <li>Nyambo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=now">now</a></span>)</li> <li>Kara (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=reg">reg</a></span>)</li> <li>Talinga-Bwisi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=tlj">tlj</a></span>)</li> <li>苏比语 Subi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=xsj">xsj</a></span>)</li> <li>津扎语 Zinza (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=zin">zin</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>康佐语 Konzo (J.40) (2) <ul><li>Konjo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=koo">koo</a></span>)</li> <li>Nande (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nnb">nnb</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>马萨巴-卢西亚语 Masaba-Luyia (J.30) (16) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E5%B8%8C%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卢希亚语（页面不存在）">卢希亚语</a> (Luyia，14) (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=luy">luy</a></span>) <ul><li>Bukusu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bxk">bxk</a></span>)</li> <li>Idakho-Isukha-Tiriki (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ida">ida</a></span>)</li> <li>Kabras (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lkb">lkb</a></span>)</li> <li>Khayo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lko">lko</a></span>)</li> <li>Kisa (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lks">lks</a></span>)</li> <li>Logooli (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=rag">rag</a></span>)</li> <li>Marachi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lri">lri</a></span>)</li> <li>Marama (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lrm">lrm</a></span>)</li> <li>Nyala, East (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nle">nle</a></span>)</li> <li>Nyore (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nyd">nyd</a></span>)</li> <li>Saamia (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lsm">lsm</a></span>)</li> <li>Tachoni (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lts">lts</a></span>)</li> <li>Tsotso (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lto">lto</a></span>)</li> <li>Wanga (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lwg">lwg</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>马萨巴语 Masaba (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=myx">myx</a></span>)</li> <li>Nyole (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nuj">nuj</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>尼奥罗-干达语 Nyoro-Ganda (J.10) (12) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%87%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奇加语（页面不存在）">奇加语</a>（Chiga）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=cgg">cgg</a></span>)</li> <li>Gwere (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=gwr">gwr</a></span>)</li> <li>Kenyi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lke">lke</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B2%E9%81%94%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="干達語">干达语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E5%B9%B2%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD" title="卢干达语">卢干达语</a>（Ganda）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lug">lug</a></span>)</li> <li>Hema (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nix">nix</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%AC%E7%A7%91%E5%8B%92%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼扬科勒语（页面不存在）">尼扬科勒语</a>（Nyankore）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nyn">nyn</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼奥罗语（页面不存在）">尼奥罗语</a>（Nyoro）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nyo">nyo</a></span>)</li> <li>Gungu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=rub">rub</a></span>)</li> <li>Ruli (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ruc">ruc</a></span>)</li> <li>Singa (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sgm">sgm</a></span>)</li> <li>托罗语 Tooro (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ttj">ttj</a></span>)</li> <li>索加语 Soga (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=xog">xog</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>卢旺达-隆迪语Rwanda-Rundi (J.60) (6) <ul><li>Hangaza (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=han">han</a></span>)</li> <li>哈语 Ha (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=haq">haq</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%BC%E9%98%BF%E4%B8%87%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="基尼阿万达语">基尼阿万达语</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E5%AE%89%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卢安达语（页面不存在）">卢安达语</a>（Rwanda）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kin">kin</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E9%9A%86%E8%BF%AA%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="基隆迪语">基隆迪语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%80%AB%E5%9C%B0%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="克倫地語">克伦地语</a>（Rundi）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=run">run</a></span>)</li> <li>Shubi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=suj">suj</a></span>)</li> <li>Vinza (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=vin">vin</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Shi-Havu (J.50) (8) <ul><li>富力罗语 Fuliiru (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=flr">flr</a></span>)</li> <li>哈武语 Havu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=hav">hav</a></span>)</li> <li>洪德语 Hunde (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=hke">hke</a></span>)</li> <li>Joba (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=job">job</a></span>)</li> <li>Kabwari (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kcw">kcw</a></span>)</li> <li>Nyindu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nyg">nyg</a></span>)</li> <li>Shi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=shr">shr</a></span>)</li> <li>Tembo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=tbt">tbt</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Central Narrow Bantu K (27) <ul><li>Chokwe-Luchazi (K.20) (9) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%94%E5%85%8B%E7%BB%B4%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乔克维语（页面不存在）">乔克维语</a>（Chokwe）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=cjk">cjk</a></span>)</li> <li>Luchazi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lch">lch</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E7%93%A6%E5%8B%92%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卢瓦勒语（页面不存在）">卢瓦勒语</a>（Luvale）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lue">lue</a></span>)</li> <li>Luimbi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lum">lum</a></span>)</li> <li>Mbunda (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mck">mck</a></span>)</li> <li>Mbwela (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mfu">mfu</a></span>)</li> <li>Nyemba (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nba">nba</a></span>)</li> <li>Nkangala (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nkn">nkn</a></span>)</li> <li>Nyengo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nye">nye</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Diriku (K.70) (1) <ul><li>Diriku (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=diu">diu</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Holu (K.10) (4) <ul><li>Holu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=hol">hol</a></span>)</li> <li>Kwese (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kws">kws</a></span>)</li> <li>Phende (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=pem">pem</a></span>)</li> <li>Samba (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=smx">smx</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Kwangwa (K.40) (6) <ul><li>Kwangali (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kwn">kwn</a></span>)</li> <li>Luyana (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lyn">lyn</a></span>)</li> <li>Mashi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mho">mho</a></span>)</li> <li>Mbukushu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mhw">mhw</a></span>)</li> <li>Mbowe (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mxo">mxo</a></span>)</li> <li>Simaa (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sie">sie</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Mbala (K.60) (1) <ul><li>Mbala (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mdp">mdp</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Salampasu-Ndembo (K.30) (3) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%86%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="隆达语（页面不存在）">隆达语</a>（Lunda）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lun">lun</a></span>)</li> <li>Ruund (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=rnd">rnd</a></span>)</li> <li>Salampasu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=slx">slx</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Subia (K.50) (3) <ul><li>Fwe (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=fwe">fwe</a></span>)</li> <li>Subiya (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sbs">sbs</a></span>)</li> <li>Totela (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ttl">ttl</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Central Narrow Bantu L (14) <ul><li>Bwile (L.10) (1) <ul><li>Bwile (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bwc">bwc</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Kaonde (L.40) (1) <ul><li>Kaonde (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kqn">kqn</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>卢巴语 Luba (L.30) (6) <ul><li>亨巴语 Hemba (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=hem">hem</a></span>)</li> <li>Kanyok (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kny">kny</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E5%B7%B4-%E5%8D%A2%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卢巴-卢拉语（页面不存在）">卢巴-卢拉语</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%87%E5%8D%A2%E4%BC%AF%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奇卢伯语（页面不存在）">奇卢伯语</a>（Luba-Kasai）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lua">lua</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E5%B7%B4-%E5%8A%A0%E4%B8%B9%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卢巴-加丹加语（页面不存在）">卢巴-加丹加语</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E5%B7%B4%E5%8D%A1%E4%B8%B9%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卢巴卡丹加语（页面不存在）">卢巴卡丹加语</a>（Luba-Katanga）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lub">lub</a></span>)</li> <li>Lwalu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lwa">lwa</a></span>)</li> <li>Sanga (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sng">sng</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Nkoya (L.50) (1) <ul><li>Nkoya (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nka">nka</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Songye (L.20) (5) <ul><li>Bangubangu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bnx">bnx</a></span>)</li> <li>Binji (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bpj">bpj</a></span>)</li> <li>Kete (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kcv">kcv</a></span>)</li> <li>Luna (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=luj">luj</a></span>)</li> <li>松格语 Songe (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sop">sop</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Central Narrow Bantu M (20) <ul><li>本巴语 (Bemba (M.40)，3) <ul><li>Aushi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=auh">auh</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%B7%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="本巴语">本巴语</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%AB%E5%A7%86%E5%B7%B4%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="别姆巴语（页面不存在）">别姆巴语</a>（Bemba）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bem">bem</a></span>)</li> <li>Taabwa (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=tap">tap</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>比萨-兰巴语 Bisa-Lamba (M.50) (3) <ul><li>比萨语 Bisa (2) <ul><li>Seba (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kdg">kdg</a></span>)</li> <li>拉拉-比萨语 Lala-Bisa (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=leb">leb</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>兰巴语 (Lamba，1) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B0%E5%B7%B4%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="兰巴语（页面不存在）">兰巴语</a>（Lamba）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lam">lam</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Lenje-Tonga (M.60) (6) <ul><li>Lenje (1) <ul><li>Lenje (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=leh">leh</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>通加语 Tonga (5) <ul><li>Dombe (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=dov">dov</a></span>)</li> <li>Ila (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ilb">ilb</a></span>)</li> <li>Soli (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sby">sby</a></span>)</li> <li>Sala (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=shq">shq</a></span>)</li> <li>通加语 Tonga (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=toi">toi</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Nyakyusa (M.30) (1) <ul><li>Nyakyusa-Ngonde (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nyy">nyy</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Nyika-Safwa (M.20) (6) <ul><li>Malila (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mgq">mgq</a></span>)</li> <li>Nyamwanga (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mwn">mwn</a></span>)</li> <li>Ndali (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ndh">ndh</a></span>)</li> <li>Nyiha (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nih">nih</a></span>)</li> <li>Safwa (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sbk">sbk</a></span>)</li> <li>Wanda (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=wbh">wbh</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Nyika-Safwa (N.20) (1) <ul><li>Lambya (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lai">lai</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Central Narrow Bantu N (13) <ul><li>Manda (N.10) (3) <ul><li>Matengo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mgv">mgv</a></span>)</li> <li>Ngoni (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ngo">ngo</a></span>)</li> <li>通加 Tonga (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=tog">tog</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Manda (N.12) (1) <ul><li>Mpoto (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mpa">mpa</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>尼昂加语 (Nyanja (N.30)，1) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E6%98%82%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼昂加语（页面不存在）">尼昂加语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E5%88%87%E7%93%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="齐切瓦语">齐切瓦语</a>（Nyanja）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nya">nya</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>森加-塞纳语 Senga-Sena (N.40) (7) <ul><li>塞纳语 Sena (6) <ul><li>Barwe (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bwg">bwg</a></span>)</li> <li>昆达语 Kunda (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kdn">kdn</a></span>)</li> <li>Nyungwe (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nyu">nyu</a></span>)</li> <li>Phimbi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=phm">phm</a></span>)</li> <li>塞纳语 Sena (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=seh">seh</a></span>)</li> <li>马拉维塞纳语 Sena, Malawi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=swk">swk</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>森加语 Senga (1) <ul><li>恩森加语 Nsenga (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nse">nse</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>奇图姆布卡语 (Tumbuka (N.20)，1) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%87%E5%9B%BE%E5%A7%86%E5%B8%83%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奇图姆布卡语（页面不存在）">奇图姆布卡语</a>（Tumbuka）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=tum">tum</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Central Narrow Bantu P (29) <ul><li>马库阿语 (Makua (P.30，16) <ul><li>楚瓦博语 Chuwabu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=chw">chw</a></span>)</li> <li>Maindo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=cwb">cwb</a></span>)</li> <li>Koti (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=eko">eko</a></span>)</li> <li>Kokola (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kzn">kzn</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%9B%E6%B4%9B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洛洛语（页面不存在）">洛洛语</a>（Lolo）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=llb">llb</a></span>)</li> <li>Makhuwa-Meetto (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mgh">mgh</a></span>)</li> <li>Makhuwa-Moniga (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mhm">mhm</a></span>)</li> <li>Manyawa (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mny">mny</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%86%E9%9F%A6%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="隆韦语（页面不存在）">隆韦语</a>（Lomwe）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ngl">ngl</a></span>)</li> <li>Nathembo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nte">nte</a></span>)</li> <li>Takwane (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=tke">tke</a></span>)</li> <li>Makhuwa-Shirima (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=vmk">vmk</a></span>)</li> <li>Marenje (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=vmr">vmr</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%BA%93%E9%98%BF%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马库阿语（页面不存在）">马库阿语</a>（Makhuwa）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=vmw">vmw</a></span>)</li> <li>Makhuwa-Marrevone (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=xmc">xmc</a></span>)</li> <li>Makhuwa-Saka (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=xsq">xsq</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Matumbi (P.10) (7) <ul><li>Ndendeule (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=dne">dne</a></span>)</li> <li>Matumbi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mgw">mgw</a></span>)</li> <li>Mbunga (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mgy">mgy</a></span>)</li> <li>Ndengereko (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ndg">ndg</a></span>)</li> <li>Ngindo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nnq">nnq</a></span>)</li> <li>Nindi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nxi">nxi</a></span>)</li> <li>Rufiji (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=rui">rui</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>尧语 Yao (P.20) (6) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%94%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马孔德语（页面不存在）">马孔德语</a>（Makonde）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kde">kde</a></span>)</li> <li>Mwera (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mjh">mjh</a></span>)</li> <li>Machinga (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mvw">mvw</a></span>)</li> <li>Mwera (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mwe">mwe</a></span>)</li> <li>Ndonde Hamba (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=njd">njd</a></span>)</li> <li>尧语 Yao (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=yao">yao</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Central Narrow Bantu R (12) <ul><li>赫雷罗语 (Herero (R.30)，2) <ul><li>津巴语 Zemba (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=dhm">dhm</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E9%9B%B7%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="赫雷罗语">赫雷罗语</a>（Herero）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=her">her</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Ndonga (R.20) (5) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%AC%E4%BA%9E%E7%91%AA%E8%AA%9E" title="寬亞瑪語">宽亚玛语</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%A1%E8%80%B6%E7%8E%9B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贡耶玛语（页面不存在）">贡耶玛语</a>（Kwanyama）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kua">kua</a></span>)</li> <li>Kwambi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kwm">kwm</a></span>)</li> <li>Mbalanhu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lnb">lnb</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E6%95%A6%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="恩敦加语">恩敦加语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E4%B8%9C%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%AD" title="恩东加语">恩东加语</a>（Ndonga）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ndo">ndo</a></span>)</li> <li>Ngandyera (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nne">nne</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>南姆本杜语 South Mbundu (R.10) (4) <ul><li>Nkhumbi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=khu">khu</a></span>)</li> <li>Ndombe (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ndq">ndq</a></span>)</li> <li>Nyaneka (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nyk">nyk</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%81%E6%9C%AC%E6%9D%9C%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="翁本杜語">翁本杜语</a>（Umbundu）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=umb">umb</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>耶耶语 Yeye (R.40) (1) <ul><li>Yeyi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=yey">yey</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Central Narrow Bantu S (26) <ul><li>Chopi (S.60) (2) <ul><li>Chopi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=cce">cce</a></span>)</li> <li>通加 Tonga (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=toh">toh</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>恩古尼语 Nguni (S.40) (4) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%81%A9%E5%BE%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%8B%92%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北恩德贝勒语（页面不存在）">北恩德贝勒语</a>（Ndebele）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nde">nde</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E7%89%B9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="斯瓦特語">斯瓦特语</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E7%93%A6%E6%B5%8E%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="史瓦济兰语（页面不存在）">史瓦济兰语</a>（Swati）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ssw">ssw</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="科萨语">科萨语</a>（Xhosa）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=xho">xho</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E9%B2%81%E8%AF%AD" title="祖鲁语">祖鲁语</a>（Zulu）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=zul">zul</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>绍纳语 (Shona (S.10)，8) <ul><li>Dema (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=dmx">dmx</a></span>)</li> <li>Kalanga (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kck">kck</a></span>)</li> <li>Manyika (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mxc">mxc</a></span>)</li> <li>Ndau (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ndc">ndc</a></span>)</li> <li>Nambya (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nmq">nmq</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E7%B4%8D%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="修納語">修纳语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B9%E7%B4%8D%E8%AA%9E" title="紹納語">绍纳语</a>（Shona）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sna">sna</a></span>)</li> <li>Tawara (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=twl">twl</a></span>)</li> <li>Tewe (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=twx">twx</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>索托-茨瓦纳语 Sotho-Tswana (S.30) (8) <ul><li>Kgalagadi (1) <ul><li>Kgalagadi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=xkv">xkv</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>索托语 Sotho (4) <ul><li>Birwa (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=brl">brl</a></span>)</li> <li>北部 Northern (2) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%81%A9%E5%BE%B7%E8%B2%9D%E5%8B%92%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="南恩德貝勒語">南恩德贝勒语</a>（Ndebele）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nbl">nbl</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%A2%E6%89%98%E8%AA%9E" title="北索托語">北索托语</a>（Sotho, Northern）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nso">nso</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>南部 Southern (1) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%B4%A2%E6%89%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="南索托語">南索托语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%A2%AD%E8%98%87%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="南梭蘇語">南梭苏语</a>（Sotho, Southern）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sot">sot</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>茨瓦纳语 (Tswana，1) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%A8%E7%93%A6%E7%BA%B3%E8%AF%AD" title="茨瓦纳语">茨瓦纳语</a>（Tswana）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=tsn">tsn</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%9B%E9%BD%90%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洛齐语（页面不存在）">洛齐语</a>（Lozi）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=loz">loz</a></span>)</li> <li>Tswapong (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=two">two</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Tswa-Ronga (S.50) (3) <ul><li>Ronga (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=rng">rng</a></span>)</li> <li>Tswa (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=tsc">tsc</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AA%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%AD" title="聪加语">聪加语</a>（Tsonga）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=tso">tso</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>文达语 (Venda (S.20)，1) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E9%81%94%E8%AA%9E" title="文達語">文达语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E9%81%94%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="溫達語">温达语</a>（Venda）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ven">ven</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>未分类的 Central Narrow Bantu 语言 (9) <ul><li>Boguru (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bqu">bqu</a></span>)</li> <li>Gbati-ri (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=gti">gti</a></span>)</li> <li>Isanzu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=isn">isn</a></span>)</li> <li>Ngbee (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=jgb">jgb</a></span>)</li> <li>Kari (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kbj">kbj</a></span>)</li> <li>Mayeka (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=myc">myc</a></span>)</li> <li>Ngbinda (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nbd">nbd</a></span>)</li> <li>Nyanga-li (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nyc">nyc</a></span>)</li> <li>松戈语 Songo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=soo">soo</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>西北班图语 Northwest Narrow Bantu (174) <ul><li>Northwest Narrow Bantu A (53) <ul><li>Bafia (A.50) (5) <ul><li>Dimbong (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=dii">dii</a></span>)</li> <li>Hijuk (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=hij">hij</a></span>)</li> <li>Bafia (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ksf">ksf</a></span>)</li> <li>Lefa (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lfa">lfa</a></span>)</li> <li>Tibea (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ngy">ngy</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>巴萨语 (Basaa (A.40)，4) <ul><li>Bankon (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=abb">abb</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴萨语（页面不存在）">巴萨语</a>（Basaa）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bas">bas</a></span>)</li> <li>Barombi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bbi">bbi</a></span>)</li> <li>Bakoko (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bkh">bkh</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Bube-Benga (A.30) (5) <ul><li>Benga (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bng">bng</a></span>)</li> <li>Batanga (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bnm">bnm</a></span>)</li> <li>Bube (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bvb">bvb</a></span>)</li> <li>Yasa (2) <ul><li>Ngumbi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nui">nui</a></span>)</li> <li>Yasa (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=yko">yko</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>杜亚拉语 (Duala (A.20，7) <ul><li>Bubia (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bbx">bbx</a></span>)</li> <li>Wumboko (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bqm">bqm</a></span>)</li> <li>Mokpwe (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bri">bri</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%9C%E4%BA%9A%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="杜亚拉语（页面不存在）">杜亚拉语</a>（Duala）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=dua">dua</a></span>)</li> <li>Bakole (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kme">kme</a></span>)</li> <li>Malimba (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mzd">mzd</a></span>)</li> <li>Isu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=szv">szv</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Kako (A.90) (3) <ul><li>Kako (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kkj">kkj</a></span>)</li> <li>Kwakum (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kwu">kwu</a></span>)</li> <li>Pol (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=pmm">pmm</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Lundu-Balong (A.10) (8) <ul><li>Ngoe (5) <ul><li>Bakaka (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bqz">bqz</a></span>)</li> <li>Bassossi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bsi">bsi</a></span>)</li> <li>Akoose (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bss">bss</a></span>)</li> <li>Bafaw-Balong (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bwt">bwt</a></span>)</li> <li>Mbo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mbo">mbo</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Oroko (1) <ul><li>Oroko (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bdu">bdu</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Bonkeng (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bvg">bvg</a></span>)</li> <li>Nkongho (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nkc">nkc</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Makaa-Njem (A.80) (13) <ul><li>Kol (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=biw">biw</a></span>)</li> <li>Bekwil (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bkw">bkw</a></span>)</li> <li>Bomwali (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bmw">bmw</a></span>)</li> <li>Gyele (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=gyi">gyi</a></span>)</li> <li>Makaa (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mcp">mcp</a></span>)</li> <li>Mpiemo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mcx">mcx</a></span>)</li> <li>Mpongmpong (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mgg">mgg</a></span>)</li> <li>Byep (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mkk">mkk</a></span>)</li> <li>Njyem (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=njy">njy</a></span>)</li> <li>Ngumba (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nmg">nmg</a></span>)</li> <li>Koonzime (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ozm">ozm</a></span>)</li> <li>So (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sox">sox</a></span>)</li> <li>Ukhwejo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ukh">ukh</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>雅温得-芳语 Yaunde-Fang (A.70) (8) <ul><li>Bebele (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=beb">beb</a></span>)</li> <li>Beti (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=btb">btb</a></span>)</li> <li>Bulu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bum">bum</a></span>)</li> <li>Bebil (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bxp">bxp</a></span>)</li> <li>Eton (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=eto">eto</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E7%BF%81%E5%A4%9A%E8%AA%9E" title="埃翁多語">埃翁多语</a>（Ewondo）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ewo">ewo</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%B3%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="芳语（页面不存在）">芳语</a>（Fang）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=fan">fan</a></span>)</li> <li>Mengisa (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mct">mct</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Northwest Narrow Bantu B (52) <ul><li>Kele (B.20) (10) <ul><li>Kélé (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=keb">keb</a></span>)</li> <li>Kota (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=koq">koq</a></span>)</li> <li>Mahongwe (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mhb">mhb</a></span>)</li> <li>Ndasa (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nda">nda</a></span>)</li> <li>Ngom (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nra">nra</a></span>)</li> <li>Sake (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sak">sak</a></span>)</li> <li>Sighu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sxe">sxe</a></span>)</li> <li>Seki (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=syi">syi</a></span>)</li> <li>Wumbvu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=wum">wum</a></span>)</li> <li>Mbangwe (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=zmn">zmn</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Mbere (B.60) (6) <ul><li>Kaningi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kzo">kzo</a></span>)</li> <li>Ombamba (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mbm">mbm</a></span>)</li> <li>Mbere (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mdt">mdt</a></span>)</li> <li>Ngul (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nlo">nlo</a></span>)</li> <li>Ndumu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nmd">nmd</a></span>)</li> <li>Yangho (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ynh">ynh</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Myene (B.10) (1) <ul><li>Myene (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mye">mye</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Njebi (B.50) (4) <ul><li>Duma (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=dma">dma</a></span>)</li> <li>Njebi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nzb">nzb</a></span>)</li> <li>Tsaangi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=tsa">tsa</a></span>)</li> <li>Wandji (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=wdd">wdd</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Sira (B.40) (7) <ul><li>Barama (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bbg">bbg</a></span>)</li> <li>Bwisi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bwz">bwz</a></span>)</li> <li>Lumbu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lup">lup</a></span>)</li> <li>Punu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=puu">puu</a></span>)</li> <li>Sangu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=snq">snq</a></span>)</li> <li>Sira (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=swj">swj</a></span>)</li> <li>Vumbu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=vum">vum</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>特克语 Teke (B.70) (12) <ul><li>Teke-Eboo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ebo">ebo</a></span>)</li> <li>特克-富穆语 Teke-Fuumu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ifm">ifm</a></span>)</li> <li>Yaka (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=iyx">iyx</a></span>)</li> <li>Teke-Kukuya (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kkw">kkw</a></span>)</li> <li>特克-拉利语 Teke-Laali (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lli">lli</a></span>)</li> <li>恩甘古卢语 Ngungwel (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ngz">ngz</a></span>)</li> <li>Teke-Nzikou (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nzu">nzu</a></span>)</li> <li>Tchitchege (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=tck">tck</a></span>)</li> <li>Teke-Tege (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=teg">teg</a></span>)</li> <li>Teke, Ibali (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=tek">tek</a></span>)</li> <li>Teke-Tsaayi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=tyi">tyi</a></span>)</li> <li>Teke-Tyee (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=tyx">tyx</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Tsogo (B.30) (5) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E6%AF%94%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布比语（页面不存在）">布比语</a>（Bubi）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=buw">buw</a></span>)</li> <li>Kande (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kbs">kbs</a></span>)</li> <li>Pinji (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=pic">pic</a></span>)</li> <li>Simba (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sbw">sbw</a></span>)</li> <li>Tsogo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=tsv">tsv</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>未分类的 Northwest Narrow Bantu B 语言 (1) <ul><li>Molengue (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bxc">bxc</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Yanzi (B.80) (6) <ul><li>Boma (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=boh">boh</a></span>)</li> <li>Ding (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=diz">diz</a></span>)</li> <li>Tiene (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=tii">tii</a></span>)</li> <li>Yansi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=yns">yns</a></span>)</li> <li>Mfinu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=zmf">zmf</a></span>)</li> <li>Mpuono (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=zmp">zmp</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Northwest Narrow Bantu C (69) <ul><li>班吉-恩通巴语 Bangi-Ntomba (C.40) (27) <ul><li>Lusengo (7) <ul><li>Babango (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bbm">bbm</a></span>)</li> <li>Budza (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bja">bja</a></span>)</li> <li>Boloki (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bkt">bkt</a></span>)</li> <li>班加拉语 Bangala (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bxg">bxg</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="林加拉语">林加拉语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="林格拉語">林格拉语</a>（Lingala）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lin">lin</a></span>)</li> <li>Lusengo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lse">lse</a></span>)</li> <li>Ndolo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ndl">ndl</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Ngiri (4) <ul><li>Baloi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=biz">biz</a></span>)</li> <li>Likila (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lie">lie</a></span>)</li> <li>Libinza (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=liz">liz</a></span>)</li> <li>Ndobo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ndw">ndw</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Bamwe (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bmg">bmg</a></span>)</li> <li>Bangi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bni">bni</a></span>)</li> <li>Boko (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bkp">bkp</a></span>)</li> <li>Bolia (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bli">bli</a></span>)</li> <li>Bolondo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bzm">bzm</a></span>)</li> <li>Bomboli (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bml">bml</a></span>)</li> <li>Bomboma (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bws">bws</a></span>)</li> <li>Bozaba (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bzo">bzo</a></span>)</li> <li>Dzando (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=dzn">dzn</a></span>)</li> <li>Lobala (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=loq">loq</a></span>)</li> <li>Mabaale (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mmz">mmz</a></span>)</li> <li>Moi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mow">mow</a></span>)</li> <li>Ntomba (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nto">nto</a></span>)</li> <li>Sakata (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=skt">skt</a></span>)</li> <li>Sengele (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=szg">szg</a></span>)</li> <li>Yamongeri (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ymg">ymg</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Bushong (C.90) (5) <ul><li>Bushoong (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=buf">buf</a></span>)</li> <li>Dengese (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=dez">dez</a></span>)</li> <li>Lele (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lel">lel</a></span>)</li> <li>Songomeno (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=soe">soe</a></span>)</li> <li>Wongo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=won">won</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Kele (C.60) (6) <ul><li>Foma (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=fom">fom</a></span>)</li> <li>Kele (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=khy">khy</a></span>)</li> <li>Lombo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=loo">loo</a></span>)</li> <li>Poke (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=pof">pof</a></span>)</li> <li>So (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=soc">soc</a></span>)</li> <li>Mbesa (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=zms">zms</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Mbosi (C.30) (6) <ul><li>Akwa (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=akw">akw</a></span>)</li> <li>Koyo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=koh">koh</a></span>)</li> <li>Likwala (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kwc">kwc</a></span>)</li> <li>Likuba (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kxx">kxx</a></span>)</li> <li>Mboko (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mdu">mdu</a></span>)</li> <li>Mbosi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mdw">mdw</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>芒戈语 (Mongo (C.70)，4) <ul><li>Lalia (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lal">lal</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%92%E6%88%88%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="芒戈语（页面不存在）">芒戈语</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%99%E6%88%88%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒙戈语（页面不存在）">蒙戈语</a>（Mongo-Nkundu）(<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lol">lol</a></span>)</li> <li>Ngando (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nxd">nxd</a></span>)</li> <li>Ombo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=oml">oml</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Ngando (C.10) (2) <ul><li>Yaka (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=axk">axk</a></span>)</li> <li>Ngando (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ngd">ngd</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Ngombe (C.50) (8) <ul><li>Ngelima (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=agh">agh</a></span>)</li> <li>Bwela (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bwl">bwl</a></span>)</li> <li>Bwa (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bww">bww</a></span>)</li> <li>Kango (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kty">kty</a></span>)</li> <li>Ligenza (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=lgz">lgz</a></span>)</li> <li>Ngombe (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ngc">ngc</a></span>)</li> <li>Pagibete (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=pae">pae</a></span>)</li> <li>Tembo (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=tmv">tmv</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Ngundi (C.20) (6) <ul><li>Pande (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bkj">bkj</a></span>)</li> <li>Bongili (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bui">bui</a></span>)</li> <li>Dibole (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bvx">bvx</a></span>)</li> <li>Mbati (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=mdn">mdn</a></span>)</li> <li>Ngundi (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ndn">ndn</a></span>)</li> <li>Bomitaba (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=zmx">zmx</a></span>)</li></ul></li> <li>Tetela (C.80) (5) <ul><li>Kela (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=kel">kel</a></span>)</li> <li>Kusu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=ksv">ksv</a></span>)</li> <li>Nkutu (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=nkw">nkw</a></span>)</li> <li>Tetela (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=tll">tll</a></span>)</li> <li>Yela (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=yel">yel</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>未分类的班图语支语言 (2) <ul><li>Bemba (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=bmy">bmy</a></span>)</li> <li>Songa (<span class="mw-code mw-editfont-monospace" style="padding: 1px 1px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-01.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=sgo">sgo</a></span>)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="研究历史和今天的地位"><span id=".E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6.E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2.E5.92.8C.E4.BB.8A.E5.A4.A9.E7.9A.84.E5.9C.B0.E4.BD.8D"></span>研究历史和今天的地位</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：研究历史和今天的地位"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="研究历史概述"><span id=".E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6.E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2.E6.A6.82.E8.BF.B0"></span>研究历史概述</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：研究历史概述"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>早在1659年的时候<span lang="it">Giacinto Brusciotto</span>就发表了一部关于刚果语<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95" title="语法">语法</a>的拉丁文著作。1856年威廉·布雷克首次描写了班图语言中的类名词，他也是引入班图语言这个名称的人。1901年<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡尔·曼霍夫（页面不存在）">卡尔·曼霍夫</a>（<span lang="de">Carl Meinhof</span>）首次进行比较语法分析。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E6%9F%AF%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马尔柯姆·古特里（页面不存在）">马尔柯姆·古特里</a>（<span lang="en">Malcolm Guthrie</span>）于1948年对班图语言进行分类并在1967年至71年间将它分成16个地区。他还设计了架设的今天所有班图语言的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="祖语">祖语</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原班图语（页面不存在）">原班图语</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC" title="約瑟·哈羅德·格林伯格">約瑟·哈羅德·格林伯格</a>将班图语言定位为尼日尔-刚果语系下的一个语支。此前尤其是曼霍夫及其学生把班图语言看作是一个自己的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="语族">语族</a>，把它与<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏丹语族（页面不存在）">苏丹语族</a>并列在非洲语言中。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="班图语言来源理论的发展"><span id=".E7.8F.AD.E5.9B.BE.E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80.E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90.E7.90.86.E8.AE.BA.E7.9A.84.E5.8F.91.E5.B1.95"></span>班图语言来源理论的发展</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：班图语言来源理论的发展"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>从1860年开始许多语言学家对班图语言的来源和产生进行研究。以下列出一些在历史上重要的假设来显示今天理论的发展过程。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="卡尔·理查德·莱普修斯"><span id=".E5.8D.A1.E5.B0.94.C2.B7.E7.90.86.E6.9F.A5.E5.BE.B7.C2.B7.E8.8E.B1.E6.99.AE.E4.BF.AE.E6.96.AF"></span>卡尔·理查德·莱普修斯</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：卡尔·理查德·莱普修斯"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1880年埃及学家<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E6%99%AE%E4%BF%AE%E6%96%AF" title="卡尔·理查德·莱普修斯">卡尔·理查德·莱普修斯</a>在他的《努比亚语言语法》中认为非洲可以分为三个语言区，不过在这个分类中他没有顾及<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E4%BC%8A%E6%A1%91%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="科伊桑语系">科伊桑语言</a>：第一个区域是南非洲的班图语言，真正<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E4%BA%BA" title="黑人">黑人</a>的语言。第二个区域是赤道与撒哈拉沙漠之间的混合“黑人语言”，所谓的苏丹语言。第三个区域是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%AB%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="含米特语言（页面不存在）">含米特语言</a>，这里包括北非的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E8%AF%AD" title="埃及语">埃及语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E5%B8%8C%E7%89%B9%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="庫希特語族">庫希特語族</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9F%8F%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="柏柏尔语族">柏柏尔语族</a>。 </p><p>这些分类的主要特征是班图语言的类名词系统和从西亚传入非洲的含米特语言的性系统。由于含米特语言的传入它把部分当地居民排挤到南非去了（即保持了纯种原始性的班图语言），其他居民则与含米特语言混合形成了被称为苏丹语言的混合语言，这些语言即有性也有类名次。莱普修斯称苏丹语言的语法“缺乏形式”、“退化”和“简化”。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="奥古斯特·施莱谢尔"><span id=".E5.A5.A5.E5.8F.A4.E6.96.AF.E7.89.B9.C2.B7.E6.96.BD.E8.8E.B1.E8.B0.A2.E5.B0.94"></span>奥古斯特·施莱谢尔</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：奥古斯特·施莱谢尔"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>印度日耳曼语言学家<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E8%8E%B1%E8%B0%A2%E5%B0%94" title="奥古斯特·施莱谢尔">奥古斯特·施莱谢尔</a>1891年发表的看法与此不同。他认为非洲本来没有人居住，而是被从西南亚分四波殖民的：第一波是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%A1%BB%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="布须曼人">布须曼人</a>，第二波是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E4%B8%B9" title="苏丹">苏丹</a>的黑人，第三波是操班图语言的人，第四波是操含米特语言的人。 </p><p>他假设苏丹黑人语言就已经有原始的、还不完整的类名次系统，这个系统后来被操班图语的民族完整化和突出了。对于他来说苏丹语言是班图语言的一个革命性的前身，而不是像莱普修斯想的那样是其退化。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="卡尔·曼霍夫"><span id=".E5.8D.A1.E5.B0.94.C2.B7.E6.9B.BC.E9.9C.8D.E5.A4.AB"></span>卡尔·曼霍夫</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：卡尔·曼霍夫"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>非洲学家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡尔·曼霍夫（页面不存在）">卡尔·曼霍夫</a>在1905年至1935年间多次就班图语言的来源发表论文，他的理论与莱普修斯和施莱谢尔的很不一样。对于他来说班图语言不是原黑人语言，而是苏丹语言是原黑人语言。班图语言是黑人语言作为“母亲”、含米特语言作为“父亲”产生的。按照曼霍夫的理论非洲是被三个语言层殖民的：黑人的苏丹语言、含米特语言和班图语言作为前两者的融合。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="狄尔里奇·威斯特曼和約瑟·哈羅德·格林伯格"><span id=".E7.8B.84.E5.B0.94.E9.87.8C.E5.A5.87.C2.B7.E5.A8.81.E6.96.AF.E7.89.B9.E6.9B.BC.E5.92.8C.E7.B4.84.E7.91.9F.C2.B7.E5.93.88.E7.BE.85.E5.BE.B7.C2.B7.E6.A0.BC.E6.9E.97.E4.BC.AF.E6.A0.BC"></span>狄尔里奇·威斯特曼和約瑟·哈羅德·格林伯格</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：狄尔里奇·威斯特曼和約瑟·哈羅德·格林伯格"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>狄尔里奇·威斯特曼（<span lang="de">Diedrich Westermann</span>）是曼霍夫的学生，他的出发点是苏丹语言与班图语言同出于一个黑人语言。从1948年开始他越来越相信西部苏丹语言与班图语言之间的遗传关系。他对此发表了多篇文章。他的这些研究为格林伯格的尼日尔-刚果理论打定了基础。 </p><p>格林伯格在威斯特曼的基础上继续发展，于1949年提出非洲西部和南部的尼日尔-刚果语系，这个语系包括班图语言，它们是一起从苏丹以西的一个黑人语言的核心中发展出来的。这个理论提出后该语系的结构还发生了多次变化，格林伯格的最后一个版本是在他1963年发表的《非洲语言》中提出的。 </p><p>格林伯格去世后尼日尔-刚果语系内部的结构也被多次改变，但是在所有这些变动中（包括目前的版本）班图语支始终被看作一个语支，与<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="奈及利亞">尼日利亚</a>东部和<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E9%BA%A6%E9%9A%86" title="喀麦隆">喀麦隆</a>西部的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%BB%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="类班图语支">类班图语支</a>比较接近。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="在尼日尔-刚果语系中的位置"><span id=".E5.9C.A8.E5.B0.BC.E6.97.A5.E5.B0.94-.E5.88.9A.E6.9E.9C.E8.AF.AD.E7.B3.BB.E4.B8.AD.E7.9A.84.E4.BD.8D.E7.BD.AE"></span>在尼日尔-刚果语系中的位置</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：在尼日尔-刚果语系中的位置"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>尼日尔-刚果语系约有1400种语言，其中约500种属于班图语支，占总数的三分之一多。尼日尔-刚果语系约有3.5亿人口，其中两亿说班图语支，占总数的近60%。由此可见班图语支在尼日尔-刚果语系（以及非洲语言）中的地位。 </p><p>虽然如此按照今天流行的理论班图语言只是尼日尔-刚果语系中的一个语支。下表简化地表示了班图语支在尼日尔-刚果语系中的遗传关系： </p> <ul><li><b>尼日尔-刚果语系</b> <ul><li>科尔多凡语言</li> <li>曼德语言</li> <li>大西洋語言</li> <li>多贡语言（<span lang="en">Dogon</span>）</li> <li><span lang="en">Ijoid</span>语言</li> <li>沃尔特-刚果语言 <ul><li>北沃尔特-刚果语言</li> <li>南沃尔特-刚果语言 <ul><li>瓦语</li> <li>贝努埃-刚果语言 <ul><li>西贝努埃-刚果语言</li> <li>东贝努埃-刚果语言 <ul><li>高原语言（尼日尔中部语言，<span lang="en">Plateau languages</span>）</li> <li>类班图-克罗斯河语言（<span lang="en">Bantoid-Cross-River</span>） <ul><li>克罗斯河语言（<span lang="en">Cross-River</span>）</li> <li>类班图语言 <ul><li>北类班图语言</li> <li>南类班图语言 <ul><li><i>众多小语言群</i></li> <li>草原语言（<span lang="en">Grasland</span>）</li> <li><b>班图语支</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p>按照上面这个遗传关系班图语支的整个复杂的来源系列为： </p> <ul><li><b>尼日尔-刚果语系</b> > 沃尔特-刚果语言 > 南沃尔特-刚果语言 > 贝努埃-刚果语言 > 东贝努埃-刚果语言 > 类班图-克罗斯河语言 > 类班图语言 > 南类班图语言 > <b>班图语支</b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="发源地和普及"><span id=".E5.8F.91.E6.BA.90.E5.9C.B0.E5.92.8C.E6.99.AE.E5.8F.8A"></span>发源地和普及</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：发源地和普及"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>所有关于班图语支来源的理论也都外涵地或者内涵地涉及到其<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%91%E6%BA%90%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="发源地（页面不存在）">发源地</a>以及它是如何普及到今天操班图语言的民族居住的地方的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="发源地"><span id=".E5.8F.91.E6.BA.90.E5.9C.B0"></span>发源地</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：发源地"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>格林伯格把班图语支分为今天在尼日利亚和喀麦隆分布很广的类班图语言下面。由此他把班图语支的发源地定为<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E5%8A%AA%E5%9F%83%E6%B2%B3" title="貝努埃河">貝努埃河</a>谷（尼日利亚东部）和喀麦隆西部。今天大多数学者同意这个理论。 </p><p>马尔柯姆·古特里则于1962年依然认为原班图语是在<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93" title="赤道">赤道</a>东南的<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E9%9B%A8%E6%9E%97" title="热带雨林">热带雨林</a>中产生的。从这里班图语言放射状地向今天的普及地区传播。他认为今天非洲西部远处类似的类班图语言的存在是因为一些操前班图语言的人坐船向北离开了原始森林。今天这个理论没有追随者了。一般认为班图语支的发源地在赤道热带雨林以北，大多数学者支持格林伯格的东尼日利亚-西喀麦隆理论。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="普及"><span id=".E6.99.AE.E5.8F.8A"></span>普及</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：普及"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bantu_Phillipson.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Bantu_Phillipson.png/280px-Bantu_Phillipson.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="573" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Bantu_Phillipson.png 1.5x" data-file-width="332" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>1 = 前3000–1500年，发源地<br />2 = 前1500年，普及开始<br />2a = 东班图，2b = 西班图<br />3 = 前1000–500年。东班图-<span lang="en">Urewe</span>核心<br />4–7 = 继续向南蔓延<br />9 = 前500–0年。刚果核心<br />10 = 0–1000年，最后蔓延期</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="东西向扩张"><span id=".E4.B8.9C.E8.A5.BF.E5.90.91.E6.89.A9.E5.BC.A0"></span>东西向扩张</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：东西向扩张"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>班图民族从其非洲西部的家乡蔓延到整个撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲的迁徙运动是人类最大的迁徙运动之一。就班图民族是从哪条路走出他们的家乡的问题有两个理论，这两个理论互相之间不排除，而是从两个不同的重点出发。第一个理论认为班图民族主要是沿海岸线绕过热带雨林的西边向南迁徙的。另一支则演雨林北边向东，然后向南迁徙的。向西迁徙的人群在<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E6%B2%B3" title="刚果河">刚果河</a>的下游形成了一个新的核心，从这里形成了<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B8%B6%E4%B9%BE%E6%BF%95%E5%AD%A3%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" title="熱帶乾濕季氣候">草原</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%83%A8%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="东部非洲">东部非洲</a>高原上的班图部落。第二个理论则认为班图民族主要是从北绕过雨林的。从这里他们殖民了非洲东南部和南部。一般认为最初的班图迁徙是东西向的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="扩张过程"><span id=".E6.89.A9.E5.BC.A0.E8.BF.87.E7.A8.8B"></span>扩张过程</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：扩张过程"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>通过重新推导原班图词汇（农业、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7" class="mw-disambig" title="陶瓷">陶瓷</a>制造）、考古发现（尤其是陶瓷）和早期班图人群使用的农业作物（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E6%A3%95" title="油棕">油棕</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%AF%E8%93%A3%E5%B1%9E" title="薯蓣属">薯蓣属</a>，但还没有谷物）可以得出以下结论：最早从非洲西部东尼日利亚迁徙的时候当地人已经知道使用农业和制造陶瓷了。由此对于东尼日利亚和西喀麦隆来说应该是在约前3000至2500年间开始迁徙的。最初早期班图人群迁入喀麦隆的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F" title="草原">草原</a>，在这里他们的词汇中添加了更多的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A" title="农业">农业</a>概念以及<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%9C%E7%89%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="畜牧业">畜牧业</a>（羊，牛）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%A2%E9%A4%8A%E6%AE%96" title="水產養殖">水產養殖</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E8%88%B9" title="造船">造船</a>的概念。 </p><p>前1500至1000年间由于气候变化，热带雨林不断干燥，一些西部的班图人群向南迁徙到刚果河下游。在那里考古可以发现约前500至400年以后的班图遗迹。这些人还不知道<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91%E5%AD%A6" title="冶金学">冶金</a>。他们中的一些人继续向南前夕到<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="纳米比亚">纳米比亚</a>北部，另一些则向东穿过河谷与东部的刚果核心联合。 </p><p>向东迁徙的（可能两股中比较大的那股）从前1500年开始从喀麦隆沿雨林北缘一直迁徙到非洲东部的大湖地区。从前1000年开始那里有最早的种植谷物（<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%B2%B1" title="高粱">高粱</a>）和大量的畜牧业的考古发现，从前800年开始也有最早的冶金和炼<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">铁</a>（在卢旺达荷美坦桑尼亚发现的<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%89" class="mw-redirect" title="熔炉">熔炉</a>）的考古迹象。从原西班图语言中也反映出<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="金属">金属</a>和冶金的概念，而原班图语言中还没有这些概念呢。也许班图民族在农业、畜牧业和冶金上的文化升级是受到<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E7%BD%97%E6%B2%B3" title="尼罗河">尼罗河</a>上游的尼罗-撒哈拉语系的人群影响产生的，在尼罗河上游这些文化在此前很早的时候就已经达到了。因此班图民族显然是铁器时代在非洲东部的大湖周围分布的<span lang="en">Urewe</span>文化的核心。由于<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%80%E8%80%95%E7%81%AB%E7%A7%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="刀耕火种">火耕</a>和炼铁需要的大量木材燃料非洲东部湖泊地区的森林在这段时间大量被<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97%E9%96%8B%E4%BC%90" class="mw-redirect" title="森林開伐">开伐</a>。这是人类首次大面积改变非洲的自然。 </p><p>约前500年<span lang="en">Urewe</span>班图民族（通过他们特有的陶瓷作为标志）从非洲东部的大湖地区逐渐迁徙到整个非洲东部和南部。约前300年可以在<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9E%E6%AF%94%E8%A5%BF%E6%B2%B3" title="赞比西河">赞比西河</a>找到<span lang="en">Urewe</span>的遗迹。公元1世纪他们到达<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%93%A5%E6%8B%89" title="安哥拉">安哥拉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4" title="马拉维">马拉维</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9E%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="赞比亚">赞比亚</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E9%9F%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="津巴布韦">津巴布韦</a>。公元2世纪他们达到<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B" title="莫桑比克">莫桑比克</a>，最后约公元500年他们到达<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a>。直到约1000年开始班图民族才开始定居生活。此前火耕技术迫使他们不断放弃失效的耕地，不断继续迁徙。 </p><p>班图民族的迁徙对布须曼人的冲击很大。本来他们在非洲南部的居住区比他们今天的居住区大很多。他们被逐渐向安哥拉南部、纳米比亚和博茨瓦纳的沙漠和干旱草原地带排挤。这些地方不适宜种植高粱，因此对于班图民族来说没有用途。被称为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%BE%E6%A0%BC%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%BA" title="俾格米人">俾格米人</a>的人本来在非洲中部有连续的居住区，也被班图民族逐渐排挤到少数不连续的居住区。他们今天使用的语言是附近班图民族的语言，但是在语音和词汇上稍微有些不同，这些特征可能来自过去他们自己的语言。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="语言特征"><span id=".E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80.E7.89.B9.E5.BE.81"></span>语言特征</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：语言特征"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>虽然班图语言的分布区非常大，但是在<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95" title="语法">语法</a>上它们非常相似。尤其是类名词是一个非常明显的特征。名词被分为十到二十个不同的类，不同的语言类的数量不同。每个类由一个前缀标志。这些类影响所有语法结构的一致性以及在所有班图语言中类似的、复杂的动词变态。类名词以及动词变态都是<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD" title="黏着语">黏着</a>形成的，其中既有前缀也有<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E7%BC%80" class="mw-redirect" title="后缀">后缀</a>的使用。 </p><p>班图语言之间有许多词汇是一样的，因此语言学家可以重新设计出数百个原班图语根，这些语根今天几乎在所有班图语言中都被使用。在班图语言中<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="词性">词性</a>是根据一个词的语法使用，而不是根据外貌来区别的。除名词和动词外只有少数<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E5%AE%B9%E8%AF%8D" title="形容词">形容词</a>（大多数是从<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D" title="动词">动词</a>引来的），<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="数量词（页面不存在）">数量词</a>系统不完全（7、8和9一般是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="外来词">外来词</a>），<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%A9%9E" title="代詞">代词</a>非常丰富，尤其<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%87%E7%A4%BA%E4%BB%A3%E8%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="指示代词">指示代词</a>可以从远到近表现出四个不同的等级。 </p><p>由于类名词的使用以及它所导致的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8D%E8%AF%8D%E7%9F%AD%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="名词短语（页面不存在）">名词短语</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="主语">主语</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%93%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="谓语">谓语</a>之间的一致性整个语法的词汇变态非常强烈。一般的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E5%BA%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="语序">语序</a>为主语、谓语、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%BE%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="宾语">宾语</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="语音"><span id=".E8.AF.AD.E9.9F.B3"></span>语音</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：语音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>历史上班图语言的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%A6" title="语音学">语音学</a>简单。词汇由开<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82" title="音节">音节</a>组成，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="塞音">塞音</a>可以是<a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3_(%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3)" title="鼻音 (辅音)">鼻音</a>（比如<span lang="en">mb-</span>或者<span lang="en">nd-</span>）。本来<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3" title="辅音">辅音</a>包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清濁音">清音</a>、浊音、鼻音和鼻塞音：<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">p, b, m, mp, mb; t, d, n, nt, nd</span>以及<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tʃ</span>。今天的班图语言大多也包含这些语音。原班图语显然没有其它<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="擦音">擦音</a>了，今天的班图语言中<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">s, ʃ, z, h, f, v</span>很普及。由此可以得出今天的班图语言包括以下这些辅音，不过不是每个班图语言拥有全部这些辅音： </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#COFOFO;"> <th> </th> <th>唇音 </th> <th>齿龈音 </th> <th>硬颚音 </th> <th>软腭音 </th></tr> <tr> <td>清塞音</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">p</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">t</span></td> <td>.</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">k</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>浊挤音</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">b</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">d</span></td> <td>.</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">g</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>浊内爆音</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɓ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɗ</span></td> <td>.</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɠ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>塞擦音</td> <td>.</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ts/dz</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">tʃ/dʒ</span></td> <td>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>近音</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">β</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">l</span></td> <td>.</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɣ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>鼻音</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">m</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">n</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɲ</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>鼻塞音1</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">mp</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">nt</span></td> <td>.</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋk</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>鼻塞音2</td> <td>.</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">nts</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ntʃ</span></td> <td>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>鼻塞音3</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">mb</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">nd</span></td> <td>.</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋg</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>鼻塞音4</td> <td>.</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ndz</span></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ndʒ</span></td> <td>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>挤音的发音相当于中文中的<span lang="en">b</span>、<span lang="en">d</span>和<span lang="en">g</span>，内爆音（斯瓦希里语有三个，绍纳语有两个，科萨语和祖鲁语只有<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɓ</span>）在书写的时候和挤音用同一字母，有时通过在后面加一个<span lang="en">h</span>或依靠其它拼写差异作为区分。 </p><p>一些南部的班图语言与科依桑语系语言接触，引入了<a href="/wiki/%E6%90%AD%E5%98%B4%E9%9F%B3" title="搭嘴音">搭嘴音</a>，尤其祖鲁语（12个搭嘴音）和科萨语（15个搭嘴音），<span lang="en">Yeye</span>甚至有多达20个搭嘴音，而一些亲近的和邻近的，同样与科依桑语言有接触的语言（比如赫雷罗语）则一个搭嘴音也没有引入。也许这是因为赫雷罗语比科萨语和其它喀拉哈里沙漠以东的民族与科依桑语言接触的时间要晚得多。 </p><p>原班图语有七个<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="元音">元音</a>：<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">i, e, ɛ, a, ɔ, o, u</span>。今天在东北和西北中部的班图语言依然保持了这七个元音，而其它班图语言（约60%）的元音系统则蜕化为五个元音了：<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">i, ɛ, a, ɔ, u</span>。在大多数这些蜕化的班图语言中元音发音的长短有语音学的意义。至今为止对于这是否是原班图语言的一个特征，还是一些语言的新发明，没有定论。 </p><p>原班图语可能是一个<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF" title="聲調">聲調</a>语言，也就是说一个音节的声调是决定词汇意义的。今天绝大多数班图语言（约97%）保持了这个特征。大多数班图语言只有最多两个声调，一个为“升降调”，另一个为“升平调”。也有些班图语言的声调可以复杂到四个声调。有些少数语言（其中包括斯瓦希里语）丧失了它们的声调区分。 </p><p>一些班图语言有一种<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E5%92%8C%E8%B0%90%E5%BE%8B" title="元音和谐律">元音和谐律</a>，它影响到一定的后缀的发音。比如在吉库尤语中的反义后缀<span lang="en">-ura</span>在动词<span lang="en">hing</span>（开）的后面为<span lang="en">hing-ura</span>（关），在动词<span lang="en">oh</span>（绑）的后面则成为<span lang="en">oh-ora</span>（解）。吉库尤语（<span lang="en">Gi-kuyu</span>）这个名称本身也显示出了类名词前缀与名词词根之间辅音的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%86%E5%BC%82%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="分异化（页面不存在）">分异化</a>，按照规则它本来应该为<span lang="en">Ki-kuyu</span>。 </p><p>几乎在所有的班图语言中<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="重音">重音</a>放在第二个音节上。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="类名词变形"><span id=".E7.B1.BB.E5.90.8D.E8.AF.8D.E5.8F.98.E5.BD.A2"></span>类名词变形</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：类名词变形"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="类名词"><span id=".E7.B1.BB.E5.90.8D.E8.AF.8D"></span>类名词</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：类名词"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>班图语言的一个特征是把名词分为不同的类。不过许多其它尼日尔-刚果语言以及一些完全不同来源的语言如<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E8%AF%B8%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="高加索诸语言">高加索诸语言</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E5%B0%BC%E5%A1%9E%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="叶尼塞语系">叶尼塞语系</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="澳大利亚原住民语言">澳大利亚原住民语言</a>也有这个特征。本来一个名词的类是按照该名词的意义分的，今天的班图语言的分类却已经变得很随意了。在一定程度上名词的类与其它语言中名词的性类似（比如<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="拉丁语">拉丁语</a>可以人为地被看作是一个六类语言：阳性类、中性类、阴性类，然后每类还有单数和众数的区分）。 </p><p>原班图语约有20个类。一些今天的班图语言保持了这个数目（比如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E5%B9%B2%E8%BE%BE%E8%AF%AD" title="卢干达语">卢干达语</a>），其它的则减少到约十个类。名词的类仅通过前缀标志。在一句话里形容词必须与名词的类以及谓语必须与主语的类相符合，但是同一个类的名词、数量词、代词和动词的前缀可以不一样。在大多数班图语言中单数和众数成一对类。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="举例"><span id=".E4.B8.BE.E4.BE.8B"></span>举例</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：举例"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>比如卢干达语的类名词： </p> <ul><li>词根<span lang="en">-ganda</span>： <ul><li><span lang="en">mu-ganda</span>（一个干达人）</li> <li><span lang="en">ba-ganda</span>（干达人，众数）</li> <li><span lang="en">bu-ganda</span>（干达人的地方）</li> <li><span lang="en">lu-ganda</span>（干达人的语言）</li> <li><span lang="en">ki-ganda</span>（干达人文化中的物件）</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>词根<span lang="en">-ntu</span>： <ul><li><span lang="en">mu-ntu</span>（人）</li> <li><span lang="en">ba-ntu</span>（人们）</li> <li><span lang="en">ka-ntu</span>（小东西）</li> <li><span lang="en">gu-ntu</span>（巨人）</li> <li><span lang="en">ga-ntu</span>（巨人们）</li></ul></li></ul> <p>请注意在这篇文章中为了注明词干与前缀之间的关系它们之间加了一个连接号，在正式的书写中这些连接号是没有的。 </p><p>以下斯瓦希里语的例子显示了每个类通过出现一个单数类和一个众数类而成为两个类： </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#COFOFO;"> <th>单数 </th> <th> </th> <th>众数 </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="en">m-tu</span></td> <td>一个人</td> <td><span lang="en">wa-tu</span></td> <td>人们 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="en">m-toto</span></td> <td>一个孩子</td> <td><span lang="en">wa-toto</span></td> <td>孩子们 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="en">m-ji</span></td> <td>一座城市</td> <td><span lang="en">mi-ji</span></td> <td>多座城市 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="en">ki-tu</span></td> <td>一个东西</td> <td><span lang="en">vi-tu</span></td> <td>多个东西 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="en">ki-kapu</span></td> <td>一个篮子</td> <td><span lang="en">vi-kapu</span></td> <td>多个篮子 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="en">ji-cho</span></td> <td>一张眼睛</td> <td><span lang="en">ma-cho</span></td> <td>多张眼睛 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="en">Ø-gari</span></td> <td>一辆汽车</td> <td><span lang="en">ma-gari</span></td> <td>多辆汽车 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="en">n-jia</span></td> <td>一条街道</td> <td><span lang="en">n-jia</span></td> <td>多条街道 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="en">u-so</span></td> <td>一张脸</td> <td><span lang="en">ny-uso</span></td> <td>多张脸 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="en">u-chaga</span></td> <td>一张床</td> <td><span lang="en">Ø-chaga</span></td> <td>多张床 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="en">u-fumbi</span></td> <td>一条山谷</td> <td><span lang="en">ma-fumbi</span></td> <td>多条山谷 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="en">pa-hali</span></td> <td>一个地方</td> <td><span lang="en">pa-hali</span></td> <td>多个地方 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="名词与形容词的一致性"><span id=".E5.90.8D.E8.AF.8D.E4.B8.8E.E5.BD.A2.E5.AE.B9.E8.AF.8D.E7.9A.84.E4.B8.80.E8.87.B4.E6.80.A7"></span>名词与形容词的一致性</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：名词与形容词的一致性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>班图语言只有很少真正的形容词词根，这些词根显然是从其祖先语言遗传下来的。大多数形容词是从动词引导过来的。在许多情况下班图语言使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E8%AF%AD%E4%BB%8E%E5%8F%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="定语从句">定语从句</a>，比如他们说“人之强壮者”，而不是说“强壮的人”。定语形容词根据其名词变形，获得名词的类的前缀，也就是说两者的类必须一致。比如以下斯瓦希里语中的例子： </p> <ul><li><span lang="en">m-tu m-kubwa</span>（一个高大的人，<span lang="en">m-tu</span>，一个人，<span lang="en">kubwa</span>，高大）</li> <li><span lang="en">wa-tu wa-kubwa</span>（高大的人们，<span lang="en">wa-</span>是<span lang="en">m-</span>类的众数类）</li> <li><span lang="en">ki-kapu ki-kubwa</span>（一个大篮子，<span lang="en">ki-kapu</span>，一个篮子）</li> <li><span lang="en">vi-kapu vi-kubwa</span>（许多大篮子，<span lang="en">vi-</span>是<span lang="en">ki-</span>类的众数类）</li></ul> <p>以下为斯瓦希里语数量词、定语和名词的顺序，它和中文的顺序正好相反： </p> <ul><li>名词+定语形容词+数量词</li></ul> <p>一个名词的所有形容词全部按照一致性转化（少数外来的数量词例外）。这里是几个例子： </p> <ul><li><span lang="en">wa-tu wa-zuri wa-wili wa-le</span>，那（<span lang="en">-le</span>）两个（<span lang="en">-wili</span>）好（<span lang="en">-zuri</span>）人</li> <li><span lang="en">ki-kapu ki-dogo ki-le</span>，那个小（<span lang="en">-dogo</span>）篮子</li> <li><span lang="en">vi-kapu vi-dogo vi-tatu vi-le</span>，那三（<span lang="en">-tatu</span>）小篮子</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="主语与谓语的一致性"><span id=".E4.B8.BB.E8.AF.AD.E4.B8.8E.E8.B0.93.E8.AF.AD.E7.9A.84.E4.B8.80.E8.87.B4.E6.80.A7"></span>主语与谓语的一致性</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：主语与谓语的一致性"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>一句话的主语和谓语必须一致。以下斯瓦希里语的例子显示这个原理： </p> <ul><li><span lang="en">ki-kapu ki-kubwa ki-me-fika</span>，大篮子到了（<span lang="en">ki-kapu</span>，篮子；<span lang="en">-fika</span>，来到；<span lang="en">-me-</span>完成时，注意在这句话里名词和动词的类前缀都是<span lang="en">ki-</span>，也就是说两者成<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B4%E9%9F%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="头韵">头韵</a>）</li> <li><span lang="en">m-toto m-kubwa a-me-fika</span>，大孩子到了（<span lang="en">m-toto</span>，孩子，在这句话里名词的类前缀是<span lang="en">m-</span>，而相应的动词类前缀则是<span lang="en">a-</span>，两者类同但是前缀不同）</li> <li><span lang="en">wa-tu wa-zuri wa-wili wa-le wa-me-anguka</span>，那两个好人跌倒了（<span lang="en">wa-le</span>，那个；<span lang="en">wa-wili</span>，两个；<span lang="en">wa-zuri</span>好；<span lang="en">-anguka</span>，跌倒）</li> <li><span lang="en">wa-geni wa-zungu w-engi wa-li-fika Kenya</span> <ul><li>词译：陌生人（<span lang="en">wa-geni</span>，欧洲的（<span lang="en">wa-zungu</span>，许多（<span lang="en">w-engi</span>，来到（<span lang="en">-li-</span>，过去时），肯雅</li> <li>意译：过去许多欧洲人到肯雅来</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="物主关系"><span id=".E7.89.A9.E4.B8.BB.E5.85.B3.E7.B3.BB"></span>物主关系</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：物主关系"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在班图语言中类似“某人的房子”这样的物主关系的顺序一般是这样的： </p> <ul><li>物+[物的定语形容词]+（物的类前缀+<span lang="en">a</span>）+物主</li></ul> <p>其中物的类前缀与<span lang="en">-a</span>往往被缩写。 </p><p>一些斯瓦希里语的例子： </p> <ul><li><span lang="en">wa-tu wa Tanzania</span>，<span lang="en">wa</span>是<span lang="en">wa-a</span>的缩写，坦桑尼亚的人民</li> <li><span lang="en">ki-tabu cha m-toto</span>，<span lang="en">cha</span>是<span lang="en">ki-a</span>的缩写，孩子的书</li> <li><span lang="en">vi-tabu vya wa-toto</span>，<span lang="en">vya</span>是<span lang="en">vi-a</span>的缩写，孩子们的书籍</li> <li><span lang="en">ny-umba ya m-tu</span>，<span lang="en">ya</span>是<span lang="en">ny-a</span>的缩写，一个人的房子</li> <li><span lang="en">ny-umba n-dogo ya m-tu</span>，一个人的小（<span lang="en">-dogo</span>）房子</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="类的意义"><span id=".E7.B1.BB.E7.9A.84.E6.84.8F.E4.B9.89"></span>类的意义</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：类的意义"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>虽然在今天的班图语言中一个名词属于哪个类很难从它的含义中来推测，但是通过众多研究工作每个类名词的意义还是被推导出来了。以下的列表中不但列出了原班图语的前缀，而且作为今天班图语言的代表还列出了卢干达语中的前缀以及每个类的意义 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#COFOFO;"> <th>类 </th> <th>原班图语前缀 </th> <th>卢干达语前缀 </th> <th>卢干达语例子 </th> <th>例子的意思 </th> <th>类所包含的范围 </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><span lang="en">mu-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">o.mu-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">o.mu-ntu</span></td> <td>人</td> <td>人类，人物，亲属关系 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><span lang="en">ba-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">a.ba-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">a.ba-ntu</span></td> <td>人们</td> <td>第一类的众数 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><span lang="en">mu-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">o.mu-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">o.mu-ti</span></td> <td>树</td> <td>自然现象，身体部位，植物，动物 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><span lang="en">mi-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">e.mi-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">e.mi-ti</span></td> <td>树木</td> <td>第三类的众数 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><span lang="en">(l)i-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">li-/e.ri</span></td> <td><span lang="en">ej-jinja</span></td> <td>石头</td> <td>自然现象，动物，身体部位，成对的东西，讨厌的任务，限制 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><span lang="en">ma-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">a.ma-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">a.ma-yinya</span></td> <td>石头（众数）</td> <td>第五和第14类的众数，众数概念，液体，时间概念 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><span lang="en">ki-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">e.ki-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">e.ki-zimbe</span></td> <td>房子</td> <td>身体部位，工具，昆虫，疾病等 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><span lang="en">bi-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">e.bi-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">e.bi-zimde</span></td> <td>房子（众数）</td> <td>第七类的众数 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><span lang="en">n-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">e.n-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">e.n-jovu</span></td> <td>大象</td> <td>动物，人，身体部位，工具 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><span lang="en">(li-)n-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">zi-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">zi-jovu</span></td> <td>大象（众数）</td> <td>第九和第11类的众数 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><span lang="en">lu-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">o.lu-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">o.lu-tindo</span></td> <td>桥</td> <td>长的东西，细的东西，长的身体部位，语言，自然现象等 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><span lang="en">tu-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">o.tu-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">o.tu-zzi</span></td> <td>许多滴</td> <td>第13和第19类的众数 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td><span lang="en">ka-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">a.ka-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">a.ka-zzi</span></td> <td>一滴</td> <td>小化，限制，大化 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><span lang="en">bu-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">o.bu-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">o.bu-mwa</span></td> <td>许多嘴</td> <td>抽象概念，特征，集体概念 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td><span lang="en">ku-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">o.ku-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">o.ku-genda</span></td> <td>走</td> <td>动词名词化，一些身体部位如手臂和腿 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td><span lang="en">pa-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">a.wa-</span></td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>地名，在某处 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td><span lang="en">ku-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">o.ku-</span></td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>地名，在某处周围 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td><span lang="en">mu-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">o.mu-</span></td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>地名，在某处内 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td><span lang="en">pi-</span></td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>小形化 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɣu-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">o.gu-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">o.gu-ntu</span></td> <td>巨人</td> <td>限制，大形化 </td></tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɣi</span>-</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>大形化，限制 </td></tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɣa</span>-</td> <td><span lang="en">a.ga-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">a.ga-ntu</span></td> <td>巨人们</td> <td>第20类的众数 </td></tr> <tr> <td>23</td> <td><span lang="en">i-</span></td> <td><span lang="en">e-</span></td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>地名，老的名词化类 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>这个表格也显明各个类的含义有重复，比如3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10类均含有动物的概念，因此一个名词属于哪个类实际上无法预言。只有第1和2类完全是人物的含义。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="代词"><span id=".E4.BB.A3.E8.AF.8D"></span>代词</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：代词"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>主语和宾语代词的<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%84%E8%91%97%E8%A9%9E%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="附著詞素">附著詞素</a>与动词结合使用，除此之外在班图语言中还有独立的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%A8%B1%E4%BB%A3%E8%A9%9E" title="人稱代詞">人称代词</a>。它们被用来强调人物，但是一般只被用来强调主语。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%BB%E4%BB%A3%E8%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="物主代词（页面不存在）">物主代词</a>不是附著詞素，而是根据名词的类（见上）用独立的词来表达的。以下的例子为斯瓦希里语中的代词： </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#COFOFO;"> <th>人物 </th> <th>人称代词 </th> <th> </th> <th>物主代词 </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td>第一人称单数</td> <td><span lang="en">mimi</span></td> <td>我</td> <td><span lang="en">-angu</span></td> <td>我的 </td></tr> <tr> <td>第二人称单数</td> <td><span lang="en">wewe</span></td> <td>你</td> <td><span lang="en">-ako</span></td> <td>你的 </td></tr> <tr> <td>第三人称单数</td> <td><span lang="en">yeye</span></td> <td>他，她</td> <td><span lang="en">-ake</span></td> <td>他的，她的 </td></tr> <tr> <td>第一人称众数</td> <td><span lang="en">sisi</span></td> <td>我们</td> <td><span lang="en">-etu</span></td> <td>我们的 </td></tr> <tr> <td>第二人称众数</td> <td><span lang="en">ninyi</span></td> <td>你们</td> <td><span lang="en">-enu</span></td> <td>你们的 </td></tr> <tr> <td>第三人称众数</td> <td><span lang="en">wao</span></td> <td>他们</td> <td><span lang="en">-ao</span></td> <td>他们的 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>以下为一些物主代词的例子： </p> <ul><li><span lang="en">vi-tabu vi-angu</span>，我的书</li> <li><span lang="en">ki-tabu ki-le ch-angu</span>，那本书是我的</li> <li><span lang="en">ny-umba y-etu</span>，我们的房子</li> <li><span lang="en">rafiki w-ema w-angu</span>，我的好（<span lang="en">-ema</span>）朋友们（<span lang="en">-rafiki</span>）</li></ul> <p>在原班图语中指示代词可以显示从近到原三至四个不同等级的距离（在中文里只有“这里”和“那里”两个等级）： </p> <ul><li>第一级：表示说话者的周边：这里</li> <li>第二级：表示离说话者比较近的地方：这边</li> <li>第三级：表示对话对方的周边：那附近</li> <li>第四级：表示离对话双方远处的地方：那里附近</li></ul> <p>比如在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E9%81%94%E8%AA%9E" title="文達語">文达语</a>中所有四个等级都保留下来了。通过与类前缀之间的语音联系每个指示代词对于每个类都有一个特殊的形势。比如在文达语中对于第一和第二类： </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#COFOFO;"> <th> </th> <th>第一级 </th> <th>第二级 </th> <th>第三级 </th> <th>第四级 </th></tr> <tr> <td>第一类</td> <td><span lang="en">ula</span></td> <td><span lang="en">uyu</span></td> <td><span lang="en">uyo</span></td> <td><span lang="en">uno</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>第二类</td> <td><span lang="en">bala</span></td> <td><span lang="en">aba</span></td> <td><span lang="en">abo</span></td> <td><span lang="en">bano</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>不过在许多班图语言中只保留了两个等级，比如在斯瓦希里语中只剩下“那里”（类前缀+<span lang="en">le</span>）和“这里”（<span lang="en">hV</span>+类前缀），而且近处指示代词把类前缀当作后缀使用。以下为一些例子： </p> <ul><li><span lang="en">ki-jiji hi-ki</span>，这座村庄（<span lang="en">-jiji</span>）</li> <li><span lang="en">vi-jiji hi-vi</span>，这些村庄</li> <li><span lang="en">wa-toto ha-wa</span>，这些孩子</li> <li><span lang="en">ki-jiji ki-le</span>，那座村庄</li> <li><span lang="en">vi-jiji vi-le</span>，那些村庄</li> <li><span lang="en">wa-toto wa-le</span>，那些孩子</li></ul> <p>物主代词和指示代词必须与类一致，但是在班图语言中<a href="/wiki/%E7%96%91%E9%97%AE%E8%AF%8D" title="疑问词">疑问词</a>则只有“人”和“物”的区分。比如在斯瓦希里语中分<span lang="en">nani</span>（谁）和<span lang="en">nini</span>（什么）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="数量词"><span id=".E6.95.B0.E9.87.8F.E8.AF.8D"></span>数量词</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：数量词"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>大多数班图语言中保留了原班图语中1到5以及10这几个数量词，它们在不同语言中都很近似。6到9的来源非常不同（有来自阿拉伯语、欧洲语言和其它非班图非洲语言的），因此在不同语言中差别很大。斯瓦希里语中的数量词为： </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#COFOFO;"> <th>数字 </th> <th>斯瓦希里语 </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><span lang="en">-moja</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><span lang="en">-mbili/ -wili</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><span lang="en">-tatu</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><span lang="en">-nne</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><span lang="en">-tano</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><span lang="en">sita</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><span lang="en">saba</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><span lang="en">nane</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><span lang="en">tisa</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><span lang="en">kumi</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><span lang="en">kumi na -moja</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><span lang="en">kumi na -wili</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>1-5以及8像形容词一样被使用，必须与名词的类一致。6、7和9来自<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="阿拉伯语">阿拉伯语</a>，它们不必与名词的类一致，在使用时不加类前缀。10和100也来自阿拉伯语。 </p><p>以下为斯瓦希里语中的例子： </p> <ul><li><span lang="sw">vi-su vi-tatu</span>，三把刀</li> <li><span lang="sw">vi-su saba</span>，七把刀</li> <li><span lang="sw">wa-toto wa-nne</span>，四个孩子</li> <li><span lang="sw">wa-toto kumi na m-moja</span>，11个孩子</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="动词变位"><span id=".E5.8A.A8.E8.AF.8D.E5.8F.98.E4.BD.8D"></span>动词<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%98%E4%BD%8D" title="变位">变位</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：动词变位"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="动词衍生、体和时态"><span id=".E5.8A.A8.E8.AF.8D.E8.A1.8D.E7.94.9F.E3.80.81.E4.BD.93.E5.92.8C.E6.97.B6.E6.80.81"></span>动词衍生、体和时态</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：动词衍生、体和时态"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="派生"><span id=".E6.B4.BE.E7.94.9F"></span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BE%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="派生">派生</a></h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节：派生"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>许多班图语言通过在动词词根上加不同的后缀引申出新的动词。一些引申后缀是从原班图语言演变过来的。以下为一些例子： </p><p>比如原班图语中的互相后缀<span lang="sw">-ana</span>在许多今天的班图语言中被保留下来了，比如 </p> <ul><li>斯瓦希里语：<span lang="sw">pend-ana</span>，相爱</li> <li>林加拉语：<span lang="ln">ling-ana</span>，相爱</li> <li>祖鲁语：<span lang="zu">bon-ana</span>，对视</li> <li>卢干达语：<span lang="lg">yombag-ana</span>，对打</li></ul> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%BF%E5%BD%B9%E8%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="使役词（页面不存在）">使役后缀</a><span lang="sw">-Vsha</span>在斯瓦希里语中为<span lang="sw">Vsha</span>，在基庫尤语中为<span lang="ki">-ithia</span>，在祖鲁语中为<span lang="zu">-isa</span>，在绍纳语中为<span lang="sn">-Vtsa</span>，在南索托语中为<span lang="st">-Vsa</span>，在林加拉语中为<span lang="ln">-isa</span>（在这里<span lang="en">V</span>代表任何一个元音）。 </p><p>以下表格列出一些这样的后缀： </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#COFOFO;"> <th>形式 </th> <th>意义 </th> <th>功能 </th> <th>举例 </th></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="sw">-ana</span></td> <td>互相</td> <td>互相之间的行动</td> <td>斯瓦希里语：<span lang="sw">pend-ana</span>，相爱 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="sw">-Vsha</span></td> <td>使役关系</td> <td>促使一个行动发生</td> <td>斯瓦希里语：<span lang="sw">fung-isha</span>，让……绑住 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="sw">-ama</span></td> <td>位置</td> <td>占据一个位置</td> <td>赫雷罗语：<span lang="hz">hend-ama</span>，斜放 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="sw">-ata</span></td> <td>接触</td> <td>使两个物件接触</td> <td>斯瓦希里语：<span lang="sw">kama</span>，压，引导为<span lang="sw">kam-ata</span>，合并 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="sw">-ula/-ura</span></td> <td>反</td> <td>一个动作的反动作</td> <td>吉库尤语：<span lang="ki">hinga</span>，打开，引导为<span lang="en">hing-ura</span>，关上 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="sw">-wa</span></td> <td>被动</td> <td>被动动作</td> <td>斯瓦希里语：<span lang="sw">piga</span>，打，引导为<span lang="sw">pig-wa</span>，挨打 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="体、语气和时态"><span id=".E4.BD.93.E3.80.81.E8.AF.AD.E6.B0.94.E5.92.8C.E6.97.B6.E6.80.81"></span>体、语气和时态</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节：体、语气和时态"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%93_(%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95)" title="体 (语法)">体</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%B0%94" title="语气">语气</a>是通过后缀来标志的。大多数班图语言有七个体或语气：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D%E4%B8%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="动词不定式">动词不定式</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E9%99%B3%E8%AA%9E%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="直陳語氣">直陳語氣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%88%E4%BD%BF%E8%AA%9E%E6%B0%A3" title="祈使語氣">祈使語氣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E8%AA%9E%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="虛擬語氣">虛擬語氣</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%8C%E5%85%A8%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="完全体（页面不存在）">完全体</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="持续体（页面不存在）">持续体</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%81%87%E8%AE%BE%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="假设体（页面不存在）">假设体</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E6%80%81" title="时态">时态</a>是通过前缀来表示的，它被放在类前缀与词根之间。不同的班图语言间其时态和标志时态的前缀之间的差别很大，因此它们不太可能是从一个原语言发展出来的，而是后来由不同的语言度多少独立发展出来的，互相之间多少无关。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="斯瓦希里语中的动词变位"><span id=".E6.96.AF.E7.93.A6.E5.B8.8C.E9.87.8C.E8.AF.AD.E4.B8.AD.E7.9A.84.E5.8A.A8.E8.AF.8D.E5.8F.98.E4.BD.8D"></span>斯瓦希里语中的动词<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%98%E4%BD%8D" title="变位">变位</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=32" title="编辑章节：斯瓦希里语中的动词变位"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>以下为斯瓦希里语中的一些动词<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%98%E4%BD%8D" title="变位">变位</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="动词不定式"><span id=".E5.8A.A8.E8.AF.8D.E4.B8.8D.E5.AE.9A.E5.BC.8F"></span>动词不定式</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=33" title="编辑章节：动词不定式"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>不定式的形式为“<span lang="sw">ku</span>+词干+词尾元音”。假如词干是一个原班图语词干的话词尾元音为<span lang="sw">-a</span>，假如词干是一个外来词的话则为<span lang="sw">-e/-i/-u</span>。比如： </p> <ul><li><span lang="sw">ku-fany-a</span>，做，干</li> <li><span lang="sw">ku-fikr-i</span>，想</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="祈使語氣"><span id=".E7.A5.88.E4.BD.BF.E8.AA.9E.E6.B0.A3"></span>祈使語氣</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=34" title="编辑章节：祈使語氣"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在单数情况下祈使語氣为“词干+词尾元音”，在众数情况下为加后缀<span lang="sw">-eni</span>。 </p> <ul><li><span lang="sw">som-a</span>，你读！</li> <li><span lang="sw">som-eni</span>，你们读！</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="直陳語氣"><span id=".E7.9B.B4.E9.99.B3.E8.AA.9E.E6.B0.A3"></span>直陳語氣</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=35" title="编辑章节：直陳語氣"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E9%99%90%E5%AE%9A%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D" title="非限定动词">非限定动词</a>的直陈语气为 </p> <ul><li>主语前缀+时态前缀+宾语前缀+词干</li></ul> <p>主语前缀是主语的类前缀，但假如主语是第一或第二类（前缀为<span lang="sw">m-</span>或者<span lang="sw">wa-</span>）的话这里使用特殊的主语前缀。同样的规则也适合于宾语前缀，宾语前缀可以是直接宾语或者间接宾语的前缀。以下表格里显示第一和第二类名词所使用的特殊的主语和宾语前缀： </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#COFOFO;"> <th>人称 </th> <th>主语 </th> <th>宾语 </th></tr> <tr> <td>第一人称单数</td> <td><span lang="sw">ni-</span></td> <td><span lang="sw">-ni-</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>第二人称单数</td> <td><span lang="sw">u-</span></td> <td><span lang="sw">-ku-</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>第三人称单数</td> <td><span lang="sw">a-</span></td> <td><span lang="sw">-m-</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>第一人称众数</td> <td><span lang="sw">tu-</span></td> <td><span lang="sw">-tu-</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>第二人称众数</td> <td><span lang="sw">m-</span></td> <td><span lang="sw">-wa-</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>第三人称众数</td> <td><span lang="sw">wa-</span></td> <td><span lang="sw">-wa-</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>对于其它所有类来说其主语和宾语前缀均与类前缀一样。以下为斯瓦希里语中的时态前缀： </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#COFOFO;"> <th>时态 </th> <th>前缀 </th></tr> <tr> <td>现代时</td> <td><span lang="sw">-na-</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>过去时</td> <td><span lang="sw">-li-</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>未来时</td> <td><span lang="sw">-ta-</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>完成时</td> <td><span lang="sw">-me-</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>条件语气</td> <td><span lang="sw">-ki-</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>常惯语气</td> <td><span lang="sw">-hu-</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>叙述语气</td> <td><span lang="sw">-ka-</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="直陈语气的例子"><span id=".E7.9B.B4.E9.99.88.E8.AF.AD.E6.B0.94.E7.9A.84.E4.BE.8B.E5.AD.90"></span>直陈语气的例子</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=36" title="编辑章节：直陈语气的例子"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span lang="sw">a-li-ni-pa</span>，主语前缀（他）-时态前缀（过去时）-宾语前缀（我）-词干，他给了我</li> <li><span lang="sw">ni-li-ki-nunua</span>，主语前缀（我）-时态前缀（过去时）-宾语前缀（东西）-词干（买），我买了东西</li> <li><span lang="sw">ni-li-m-wona</span>，我看到了他（<span lang="en">-wona</span>，看到）</li> <li><span lang="sw">a-li-ni-wona</span>，他看到了我</li> <li><span lang="sw">ni-na-soma</span>，我正在（<span lang="sw">-na-</span>，现在时）读（<span lang="sw">-soma</span>）</li> <li><span lang="sw">ni-ta-soma</span>，我将（<span lang="sw">-ta-</span>，将来时）读</li> <li><span lang="sw">ki-me-fika</span>，它（<span lang="sw">ki-</span>，它）已经（<span lang="sw">-me-</span>，完成时）到了（<span lang="sw">-fika</span>）</li> <li><span lang="sw">ni-ki-kaa</span>，我如果（<span lang="sw">-ki-</span>，条件语气）等（<span lang="sw">-kaa</span>）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="受益格"><span id=".E5.8F.97.E7.9B.8A.E6.A0.BC"></span>受益格</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=37" title="编辑章节：受益格"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>为了强调一个行动对某人有益可以在动词词干后（但是在词尾原因<span lang="sw">-a</span>前）加一个受益前缀<span lang="sw">-i-</span>或者<span lang="sw">-e-</span>。比如： </p> <ul><li><span lang="sw">a-li-ni-andik-i-a barua</span> <ul><li>句法分析：主语（他）-时态（过去时）-间接宾语（我）-词干（<span lang="sw">andik</span>，写）-受益后缀-词尾元音+直接宾语（<span lang="sw">barua</span>，信）</li> <li>他给我写了一封信</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="从句"><span id=".E4.BB.8E.E5.8F.A5"></span>从句</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=38" title="编辑章节：从句"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>像“读书的孩子”这样的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8E%E5%8F%A5" title="从句">从句</a>在斯瓦希里语中是通过放在时态前缀后面的从句前缀<span lang="sw">-ye-</span>来表示的。比如： </p> <ul><li><span lang="sw">m-toto a-li-ye-soma kitabu</span>，读书的孩子</li> <li><span lang="sw">ni-ta-ye-soma</span>，将读这本书的我</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="被动式"><span id=".E8.A2.AB.E5.8A.A8.E5.BC.8F"></span>被动式</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=39" title="编辑章节：被动式"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="物性">物性</a>动词的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8A%A8%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="被动式">被动式</a>是通过在词尾元音（<span lang="sw">-a</span>）前加<span lang="sw">-w-</span>或者<span lang="se">-uliw-</span>来表示的。比如： </p> <ul><li><span lang="sw">ku-som-a</span>，读，<span lang="sw">ku-som-w-a</span>，被读</li> <li><span lang="sw">ku-ju-a</span>，知道，<span lang="sw">ku-ju-liw-a</span>，被知道</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="使役语气"><span id=".E4.BD.BF.E5.BD.B9.E8.AF.AD.E6.B0.94"></span>使役语气</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=40" title="编辑章节：使役语气"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%BF%E5%BD%B9%E8%AF%AD%E6%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="使役语气（页面不存在）">使役语气</a>是通过在词干后面加<span lang="sw">-sha</span>这个后缀形成的。例如： </p> <ul><li><span lang="sw">ku-telem-ka</span>，向下走，<span lang="sw">ku-telem-sha</span>，屈辱</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文字和文学"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.97.E5.92.8C.E6.96.87.E5.AD.A6"></span>文字和文学</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=41" title="编辑章节：文字和文学"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>所有的班图语言都没有发展出自己的文字。斯瓦希里语在殖民时期前（可能早在10世纪开始）就已经使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="阿拉伯文字">阿拉伯文字</a>来记录主要是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a>的宗教文学了。除<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="神学">神学</a>文字外还有法律文字、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%96%E5%B9%B4%E4%BD%93" title="编年体">编年史</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="地理">地理</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A5%E8%AF%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="童话">童话</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C" title="诗歌">诗歌</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%AF%97" title="史诗">史诗</a>。其中史诗是按照阿拉伯榜样写的，但是其中也包括了非洲东部班图文化的影响。班图阿拉伯文字文学的意义可以与<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%AA%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="豪萨语">豪萨语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96%E8%AF%AD" title="马耳他语">马耳他语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%8A%AA%E9%87%8C%E8%AA%9E" title="卡努里語">卡努里语</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9F%8F%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="柏柏爾語">柏柏尔语</a>等早期的阿拉伯文字文学一样。19世纪后半页以来斯瓦希里语和其它引入文字的班图语言一样使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a>。 </p><p>即使没有文字班图民族依然拥有大量<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E5%A4%B4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="口头文学">口头文学</a>如<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="神话">神话</a>、童话、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%93%E8%A8%80" title="寓言">寓言</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E8%AF%AD" title="成语">成语</a>、诗歌和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E7%B3%BB%E5%8F%91%E7%94%9F%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="种系发生学">部落故事</a>等。在欧洲，尤其是传教士的影响下从19世纪中开始大的班图语言开始引入拉丁字母。《圣经》译本往往是这些语言的第一部文字书写。从这个时候开始传教士、官员和语言学者也开始收集班图民族神事或者民用的诗歌、谚语、谜语、神话、童话和史诗，并使用它们的本来语言把它们记录下来。 </p><p>现在在黑非洲已经产生了数量和内容都非常丰富的文学，但是大多数现代非洲作家依然喜欢使用殖民语言来写他们的作品，来让他们的作品被更多的人阅读。在新的非洲文学中，班图口头文学在内容上和形式上都拥有非常大的影响。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=42" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="非洲語言"><span id=".E9.9D.9E.E6.B4.B2.E8.AA.9E.E8.A8.80"></span>非洲語言</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=43" title="编辑章节：非洲語言"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>George L. Campbell: <i>Compendium of the World’s Languages.</i> Routledge, London 2000 (2. Auflage).</li> <li>Joseph Greenberg: <i>The Languages of Africa.</i> Mouton, The Hague and Indiana University Center, Bloomington 1963.</li> <li>Bernd Heine und andere (Hrsg.): <i>Die Sprachen Afrikas.</i> Buske, Hamburg 1981.</li> <li>Bernd Heine und Derek Nurse (Hrsg.): <i>African Languages. An Introduction.</i> Cambridge University Press 2000.</li> <li>John Iliffe: <i>Geschichte Afrikas.</i> Beck, München 1997.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="班圖語言"><span id=".E7.8F.AD.E5.9C.96.E8.AA.9E.E8.A8.80"></span>班圖語言</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=44" title="编辑章节：班圖語言"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r80540462"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Rev. F. W. Kolbe: <i>A Language-Study based on Bantu.</i> Trübner & Co., London 1888. Reprint 1972.</li> <li>Malcolm Guthrie: <i>The Classification of the Bantu Languages.</i> London 1948. Reprint 1967.</li> <li>Bernd Heine, H. Hoff und R. Vossen: <i>Neuere Ergebnisse zur Territorialgeschichte der Bantu. Zur Sprachgeschichte und Ethnohistorie in Afrika.</i>  In: W.J.G. Möhlig u. a. (Hrsg.): <i>Neue Beiträge afrikanistischer Forschung.</i> Reimer, Berlin 1977.</li> <li>Derek Nurse und Gérard Philippson: <i>The Bantu Languages.</i> Routledge, London 2003.</li> <li>A.P. Hendrikse und G. Poulos: <i>A Continuum Interpretation of the Bantu Noun Class System.</i> <br />In: D.F. Gowlett: <i>African Linguistic Contributions.</i> Pretoria 1992.</li> <li>A.E. Meeussen: <i>Bantu Grammatical Reconstructions.</i> Africana Linguistica 3:80–122, 1967.</li> <li>Wilhelm J.G. Möhlig: <i>Die Bantusprachen im engeren Sinne.</i><br />In: Bernd Heine u. a. (Hrsg.): <i>Die Sprachen Afrikas.</i> Buske, Hamburg 1981.</li> <li>David Phillipson: <i>Die Wanderungen der Bantuvölker.</i><br />In: Marion Kälke (Hrsg.): <i>Die Evolution der Sprachen.</i> Spektrum der Wissenschaft, Heidelberg 2000.</li> <li>J. Vansina: <i>New Linguistic Evidence and ‚The Bantu Expansion‘.</i> Journal of African History (JAH) 36, 1995.</li> <li>Benji Wald: <i>Swahili and the Bantu Languages.</i><br />In: Bernard Comrie (Hrsg.): <i>The World’s Major Languages.</i> Oxford University Press 1990.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="語法"><span id=".E8.AA.9E.E6.B3.95"></span>語法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=45" title="编辑章节：語法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r80540462"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>A.E. Meeussen: <i>Bantu Lexical Reconstructions.</i> Tervuren, MRAC 1969, Reprint 1980.</li> <li>A. Coupez, Y. Bastin und E. Mumba: <i>Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 2.</i> 1998. Siehe: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070523025613/http://www.cbold.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/">Comparative Proto Bantu Online Dictionary</a></li> <li>Nicholas Awde: <i>Swahili – English / English – Swahili Dictionary.</i> Hippocrene Books, New York 2000.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF&action=edit&section=46" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r80540462"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepages.fh-giessen.de/kausen/klassifikationen/Niger-Kongo.doc">Ernst Kausen, Die Klassifikation sämtlicher Bantusprachen innerhalb der Niger-Kongo-Sprachen</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20070814180557/http://homepages.fh-giessen.de/kausen/klassifikationen/Niger-Kongo.doc">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） (DOC)<br />2007 aktualisierte Klassifikation sämtlicher Bantusprachen nach Guthrie mit Sprecherzahlen aus Ethnologue 2005.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070523025613/http://www.cbold.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/">Comparative Proto Bantu Online Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121120223537/http://www.linguistics.berkeley.edu/CBOLD/Lgs/LgsbyGN.html">List of Bantu Language Names with Synonyms ordered by Guthrie Number</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/">Jacky Maniacky, Les langues bantoues – The Bantu Languages</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121126010236/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） (französische und englische Version)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://salanguages.com/">Introduction to the Languages of South Africa</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20060829152336/http://salanguages.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.journalofwestafricanlanguages.org/">Journal of West African Languages</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20120531001129/http://www.journalofwestafricanlanguages.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" 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