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href="https://www.academia.edu/67224412/Effects_of_Parental_Socioeconomic_Status_on_the_Academic_Achievement_of_Secondary_School_Students_in_District_Karak_Pakistan_">Effects of Parental Socioeconomic Status on the Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in District Karak (Pakistan)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The purpose of this research study was to investigate the effects of parental socioeconomic status on the academic achievement of secondary school students in District Karak (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) Pakistan. The objectives of the study were:... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67224412" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The purpose of this research study was to investigate the effects of parental socioeconomic status on the academic achievement of secondary school students in District Karak (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) Pakistan. The objectives of the study were: (a) to find out the effect of parental socioeconomic status on the academic achievement of secondary school students (b) to determine the effect of parental educational level on the academic achievement of secondary school students (c) to find out the effect of parental occupational level on the academic achievement of secondary school students and (d) to suggest workable recommendations for the enhancement of the students’ academic achievement. All the students studying at secondary school level in District Karak constituted the population of the study. The study was delimited to only sixty government boys’ high schools in District Karak. The study was further delimited to the students of 10th Class. In order to represent adequate representation o...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67224412" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e550fc3676d3a273be25d374753f4a6f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78121305,"asset_id":67224412,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78121305/download_file?st=MTczMzAxNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2465968" href="https://kust.academia.edu/QAISERSULEMAN">QAISER SULEMAN</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2465968" type="text/json">{"id":2465968,"first_name":"QAISER","last_name":"SULEMAN","domain_name":"kust","page_name":"QAISERSULEMAN","display_name":"QAISER SULEMAN","profile_url":"https://kust.academia.edu/QAISERSULEMAN?f_ri=226330","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67224412 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67224412"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67224412, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67224412", }); 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The objectives of the study were: (a) to find out the effect of parental socioeconomic status on the academic achievement of secondary school students (b) to determine the effect of parental educational level on the academic achievement of secondary school students (c) to find out the effect of parental occupational level on the academic achievement of secondary school students and (d) to suggest workable recommendations for the enhancement of the students’ academic achievement. All the students studying at secondary school level in District Karak constituted the population of the study. The study was delimited to only sixty government boys’ high schools in District Karak. The study was further delimited to the students of 10th Class. 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$(".js-view-count-work_5134577").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5134577"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="974" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Education">Sociology of Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="974" type="text/json">{"id":974,"name":"Sociology of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Education?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25436" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stratification">Stratification</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25436" type="text/json">{"id":25436,"name":"Stratification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stratification?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49557" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_expectations">Educational expectations</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49557" type="text/json">{"id":49557,"name":"Educational expectations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_expectations?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5134577]'), work: {"id":5134577,"title":"Stratification and the formation of expectations in highly differentiated educational systems","created_at":"2013-11-17T19:17:59.439-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5134577/Stratification_and_the_formation_of_expectations_in_highly_differentiated_educational_systems?f_ri=226330","dom_id":"work_5134577","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32337518,"asset_id":5134577,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6918325,"first_name":"Ed","last_name":"Silverman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EdSilverman","display_name":"Ed Silverman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EdSilverman?f_ri=226330","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":974,"name":"Sociology of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Education?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":25436,"name":"Stratification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stratification?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":49557,"name":"Educational expectations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_expectations?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status?f_ri=226330"},{"id":978626,"name":"Social Origins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Origins?f_ri=226330"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68678729" data-work_id="68678729" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68678729/How_Do_Epistemological_Beliefs_Differ_by_Gender_and_Socio_Economic_Status">How Do Epistemological Beliefs Differ by Gender and Socio-Economic Status?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The present study explores the differences in students’ epistemological beliefs by gender and socio-economic status (SES). The Epistemological Beliefs Questionnaire (Conley, Pintrich, Vekiri, & Harrison, 2004) was adapted and administered... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68678729" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The present study explores the differences in students’ epistemological beliefs by gender and socio-economic status (SES). The Epistemological Beliefs Questionnaire (Conley, Pintrich, Vekiri, & Harrison, 2004) was adapted and administered to 1230 seventh grade students. The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed differences in epistemological beliefs among students by gender and SES. While girls had more sophisticated beliefs in justification of knowledge than boys, girls and boys appeared to be similar in their beliefs in the Source/Certainty and Development dimensions. According to the results, students having medium and high SES had more sophisticated beliefs on the Source/Certainty dimensions when compared with low SES group.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68678729" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6650b50dc4fe1cf3c60ecf9c131cf514" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79075759,"asset_id":68678729,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79075759/download_file?st=MTczMzAxNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="122505259" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%C5%9EuleA%C4%9Fayar%C3%96zkan">Şule Ağayar Özkan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="122505259" type="text/json">{"id":122505259,"first_name":"Şule Ağayar","last_name":"Özkan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ŞuleAğayarÖzkan","display_name":"Şule Ağayar Özkan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/%C5%9EuleA%C4%9Fayar%C3%96zkan?f_ri=226330","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68678729 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68678729"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68678729, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68678729", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68678729]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68678729").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68678729").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68678729"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="815" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology">Epistemology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="815" type="text/json">{"id":815,"name":"Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18866" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beliefs">Beliefs</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18866" type="text/json">{"id":18866,"name":"Beliefs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beliefs?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41482" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis">Multivariate Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="41482" type="text/json">{"id":41482,"name":"Multivariate Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="226330" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status">Socioeconomic Status</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="226330" type="text/json">{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68678729]'), work: {"id":68678729,"title":"How Do Epistemological Beliefs Differ by Gender and Socio-Economic Status?","created_at":"2022-01-19T05:02:35.268-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68678729/How_Do_Epistemological_Beliefs_Differ_by_Gender_and_Socio_Economic_Status?f_ri=226330","dom_id":"work_68678729","summary":"The present study explores the differences in students’ epistemological beliefs by gender and socio-economic status (SES). The Epistemological Beliefs Questionnaire (Conley, Pintrich, Vekiri, \u0026 Harrison, 2004) was adapted and administered to 1230 seventh grade students. The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed differences in epistemological beliefs among students by gender and SES. While girls had more sophisticated beliefs in justification of knowledge than boys, girls and boys appeared to be similar in their beliefs in the Source/Certainty and Development dimensions. According to the results, students having medium and high SES had more sophisticated beliefs on the Source/Certainty dimensions when compared with low SES group.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79075759,"asset_id":68678729,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":122505259,"first_name":"Şule Ağayar","last_name":"Özkan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ŞuleAğayarÖzkan","display_name":"Şule Ağayar Özkan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/%C5%9EuleA%C4%9Fayar%C3%96zkan?f_ri=226330","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":815,"name":"Epistemology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemology?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":18866,"name":"Beliefs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beliefs?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":41482,"name":"Multivariate Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=226330"},{"id":434215,"name":"Economic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Status?f_ri=226330"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_58635297" data-work_id="58635297" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58635297/Dimensions_of_concerns_the_case_of_Turkish_adolescents">Dimensions of concerns: the case of Turkish adolescents</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/58635297" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="03bff80e8652c782450ababed0a5c6fd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72950129,"asset_id":58635297,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72950129/download_file?st=MTczMzAxNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="643009" href="https://fdu.academia.edu/NesrinHisliSahin">Nesrin Hisli Sahin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="643009" type="text/json">{"id":643009,"first_name":"Nesrin","last_name":"Hisli Sahin","domain_name":"fdu","page_name":"NesrinHisliSahin","display_name":"Nesrin Hisli Sahin","profile_url":"https://fdu.academia.edu/NesrinHisliSahin?f_ri=226330","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/643009/221321/258767/s65_nesrin.hisli_sahin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_58635297 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="58635297"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 58635297, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_58635297", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_58635297 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 58635297; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_58635297"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_58635297 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="58635297"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 58635297; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=58635297]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_58635297").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_58635297").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="58635297"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2089" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Identity">Social Identity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2089" type="text/json">{"id":2089,"name":"Social Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Identity?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="82944" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescence">Adolescence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="82944" type="text/json">{"id":82944,"name":"Adolescence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescence?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="151407" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exploratory_Factor_Analysis">Exploratory Factor Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="151407" type="text/json">{"id":151407,"name":"Exploratory Factor Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exploratory_Factor_Analysis?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=58635297]'), work: {"id":58635297,"title":"Dimensions of concerns: the case of Turkish adolescents","created_at":"2021-10-17T11:11:20.744-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/58635297/Dimensions_of_concerns_the_case_of_Turkish_adolescents?f_ri=226330","dom_id":"work_58635297","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72950129,"asset_id":58635297,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":643009,"first_name":"Nesrin","last_name":"Hisli Sahin","domain_name":"fdu","page_name":"NesrinHisliSahin","display_name":"Nesrin Hisli Sahin","profile_url":"https://fdu.academia.edu/NesrinHisliSahin?f_ri=226330","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/643009/221321/258767/s65_nesrin.hisli_sahin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":2089,"name":"Social Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Identity?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":82944,"name":"Adolescence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescence?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":151407,"name":"Exploratory Factor Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exploratory_Factor_Analysis?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":172809,"name":"Interpersonal Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interpersonal_Relations?f_ri=226330"},{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status?f_ri=226330"},{"id":3506535,"name":"Factor model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Factor_model?f_ri=226330"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76120017" data-work_id="76120017" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76120017/Racial_Differences_in_the_Transition_to_Adulthood_A_Follow_Up_Study_of_the_Philadelphia_Youth_Study">Racial Differences in the Transition to Adulthood: A Follow-Up Study of the Philadelphia Youth Study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This research derives from the most recent wave of a longitudinal study of nearly 500 families in urban Philadelphia neighborhoods collected over a 9-year time span. Earlier findings revealed remarkable continuity in success trajectories... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_76120017" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This research derives from the most recent wave of a longitudinal study of nearly 500 families in urban Philadelphia neighborhoods collected over a 9-year time span. Earlier findings revealed remarkable continuity in success trajectories from early to mid-adolescence despite hazards imposed by poor neighborhoods, low economic standing, and poor schooling opportunities. Despite this stability, qualitative interviews with the adolescents suggested a flattening scope of success and an increasing scope of failure and risk during the transition to adulthood for minority men. This paper describes the association between the youths &apos; performance in 1991 and their socioeconomic standing in 1999 for different race and gender subgroups. Findings from logistic regressions support the premonition of a growing racial divergence for minority men. The findings also suggest that early and late adolescent attributes do not mediate the effect of race on early adult success. The research highligh...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76120017" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1f1658cce40477f209342f80df242f42" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83791943,"asset_id":76120017,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83791943/download_file?st=MTczMzAxNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33204553" href="https://upenn.academia.edu/FrankFurstenberg">Frank Furstenberg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33204553" type="text/json">{"id":33204553,"first_name":"Frank","last_name":"Furstenberg","domain_name":"upenn","page_name":"FrankFurstenberg","display_name":"Frank Furstenberg","profile_url":"https://upenn.academia.edu/FrankFurstenberg?f_ri=226330","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76120017 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76120017"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76120017, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76120017", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76120017]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_76120017").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_76120017").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="76120017"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2808" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty">Poverty</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2808" type="text/json">{"id":2808,"name":"Poverty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="104446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academic_achievement">Academic achievement</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="104446" type="text/json">{"id":104446,"name":"Academic achievement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academic_achievement?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="226330" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status">Socioeconomic Status</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="226330" type="text/json">{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=76120017]'), work: {"id":76120017,"title":"Racial Differences in the Transition to Adulthood: A Follow-Up Study of the Philadelphia Youth Study","created_at":"2022-04-11T06:56:45.743-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/76120017/Racial_Differences_in_the_Transition_to_Adulthood_A_Follow_Up_Study_of_the_Philadelphia_Youth_Study?f_ri=226330","dom_id":"work_76120017","summary":"This research derives from the most recent wave of a longitudinal study of nearly 500 families in urban Philadelphia neighborhoods collected over a 9-year time span. Earlier findings revealed remarkable continuity in success trajectories from early to mid-adolescence despite hazards imposed by poor neighborhoods, low economic standing, and poor schooling opportunities. Despite this stability, qualitative interviews with the adolescents suggested a flattening scope of success and an increasing scope of failure and risk during the transition to adulthood for minority men. This paper describes the association between the youths \u0026apos; performance in 1991 and their socioeconomic standing in 1999 for different race and gender subgroups. Findings from logistic regressions support the premonition of a growing racial divergence for minority men. The findings also suggest that early and late adolescent attributes do not mediate the effect of race on early adult success. The research highligh...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83791943,"asset_id":76120017,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33204553,"first_name":"Frank","last_name":"Furstenberg","domain_name":"upenn","page_name":"FrankFurstenberg","display_name":"Frank Furstenberg","profile_url":"https://upenn.academia.edu/FrankFurstenberg?f_ri=226330","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2808,"name":"Poverty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":104446,"name":"Academic achievement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academic_achievement?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_51800487" data-work_id="51800487" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51800487/Tastes_Ties_and_Time_A_New_Social_Network_Dataset_Using_Facebook_Com">Tastes, Ties, and Time: A New Social Network Dataset Using Facebook. Com</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Scholars have long recognized the potential of Internet-based communication technologies for improving network researchpotential that, to date, remains largely underexploited. In the first half of this paper, we introduce a new public... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_51800487" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Scholars have long recognized the potential of Internet-based communication technologies for improving network researchpotential that, to date, remains largely underexploited. In the first half of this paper, we introduce a new public dataset based on manipulations and ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51800487" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1b418d401ad9fb5309968fea1856b727" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69362737,"asset_id":51800487,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69362737/download_file?st=MTczMzAxNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="180448035" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ContrerasGonzalezMarcoAntonio">Marco Antonio Contreras Gonzalez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="180448035" type="text/json">{"id":180448035,"first_name":"Marco Antonio","last_name":"Contreras Gonzalez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ContrerasGonzalezMarcoAntonio","display_name":"Marco Antonio Contreras Gonzalez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ContrerasGonzalezMarcoAntonio?f_ri=226330","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51800487 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51800487"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51800487, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51800487", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_51800487 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51800487; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_51800487"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_51800487 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="51800487"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51800487; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51800487]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_51800487").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_51800487").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="51800487"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1233" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networks">Social Networks</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1233" type="text/json">{"id":1233,"name":"Social Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networks?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2621" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education">Higher Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2621" type="text/json">{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=51800487]'), work: {"id":51800487,"title":"Tastes, Ties, and Time: A New Social Network Dataset Using Facebook. Com","created_at":"2021-09-10T22:25:14.287-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/51800487/Tastes_Ties_and_Time_A_New_Social_Network_Dataset_Using_Facebook_Com?f_ri=226330","dom_id":"work_51800487","summary":"Scholars have long recognized the potential of Internet-based communication technologies for improving network researchpotential that, to date, remains largely underexploited. In the first half of this paper, we introduce a new public dataset based on manipulations and ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69362737,"asset_id":51800487,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":180448035,"first_name":"Marco Antonio","last_name":"Contreras Gonzalez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ContrerasGonzalezMarcoAntonio","display_name":"Marco Antonio Contreras Gonzalez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ContrerasGonzalezMarcoAntonio?f_ri=226330","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":1233,"name":"Social Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networks?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=226330"},{"id":55190,"name":"Communication Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication_Technology?f_ri=226330"},{"id":165437,"name":"Taste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taste?f_ri=226330"},{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status?f_ri=226330"},{"id":544766,"name":"Social Relationship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Relationship?f_ri=226330"},{"id":930920,"name":"Tastes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tastes?f_ri=226330"},{"id":1191356,"name":"Internet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet?f_ri=226330"},{"id":1199379,"name":"Social Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Network?f_ri=226330"},{"id":1425636,"name":"Social Networking Sites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networking_Sites?f_ri=226330"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5327233" data-work_id="5327233" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5327233/Equitable_science_education_in_urban_middle_schools_Do_reform_efforts_make_a_difference">Equitable science education in urban middle schools: Do reform efforts make a difference</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A central commitment of current reforms in science education is that all students, regardless of culture, gender, race, and/ or socioeconomic status, are capable of understanding and doing science. The study “Bridging the Gap: Equity in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5327233" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A central commitment of current reforms in science education is that all students, regardless of culture, gender, race, and/ or socioeconomic status, are capable of understanding and doing science. The study “Bridging the Gap: Equity in Systemic Reform” assessed equity in systemic reform using a nested research design that drew on both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. As part of the study, case studies were conducted in two urban middle schools in large Ohio cities. The purpose of the case studies was to identify factors affecting equity in urban science education reform. Data were analyzed using Kahle's (1998) equity metric. That model allowed us to assess progress toward equity using a range of research-based indicators grouped into three categories critical for equitable education: access to, retention in, and achievement in quality science education. In addition, a fourth category was defined for systemic indicators of equity. Analyses indicated that the culture and climate of the case study schools differentially affected their progress toward equitable reform in science education. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 1130–1144, 2001</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5327233" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="17b3a6264cd163aa63a75e13b4ca7c40" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49341890,"asset_id":5327233,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49341890/download_file?st=MTczMzAxNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7362355" href="https://udel.academia.edu/KathrynScantlebury">Kathryn Scantlebury</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7362355" type="text/json">{"id":7362355,"first_name":"Kathryn","last_name":"Scantlebury","domain_name":"udel","page_name":"KathrynScantlebury","display_name":"Kathryn Scantlebury","profile_url":"https://udel.academia.edu/KathrynScantlebury?f_ri=226330","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5327233 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5327233"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5327233, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5327233", }); 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The study “Bridging the Gap: Equity in Systemic Reform” assessed equity in systemic reform using a nested research design that drew on both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. As part of the study, case studies were conducted in two urban middle schools in large Ohio cities. The purpose of the case studies was to identify factors affecting equity in urban science education reform. Data were analyzed using Kahle's (1998) equity metric. That model allowed us to assess progress toward equity using a range of research-based indicators grouped into three categories critical for equitable education: access to, retention in, and achievement in quality science education. In addition, a fourth category was defined for systemic indicators of equity. Analyses indicated that the culture and climate of the case study schools differentially affected their progress toward equitable reform in science education. © 2001 John Wiley \u0026 Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 1130–1144, 2001","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49341890,"asset_id":5327233,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7362355,"first_name":"Kathryn","last_name":"Scantlebury","domain_name":"udel","page_name":"KathrynScantlebury","display_name":"Kathryn Scantlebury","profile_url":"https://udel.academia.edu/KathrynScantlebury?f_ri=226330","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1736,"name":"Science Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Education?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":2066,"name":"Research Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Design?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":7099,"name":"Case Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Studies?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":90333,"name":"SCIENCE TEACHING","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SCIENCE_TEACHING?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":96047,"name":"Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study?f_ri=226330"},{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status?f_ri=226330"},{"id":508371,"name":"Curriculum and Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curriculum_and_Pedagogy?f_ri=226330"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10103111" data-work_id="10103111" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10103111/Relationship_Between_Sensory_Deficits_and_Externalizing_Behaviors_in_an_Urban_Latino_Preschool_Population">Relationship Between Sensory Deficits and Externalizing Behaviors in an Urban, Latino Preschool Population</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study examined the relationship between sensory deficits and externalizing behavior problems in preschool children. Parents of 179 urban, Latino preschool children completed two parent-report measures, the Short Sensory Profile... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10103111" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study examined the relationship between sensory deficits and externalizing behavior problems in preschool children. Parents of 179 urban, Latino preschool children completed two parent-report measures, the Short Sensory Profile (SSP), as a checklist for sensory symptoms, and the Achenbach Checklist for Ages 1½–5 (CBCL/1½–5) to assess externalizing behavior problems. Measures were available in Spanish or English depending on the parent’s preference. Correlations were performed between the total sensory deficits scale of the SSP and the Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Externalizing Problems scales of the CBCL. Significant correlations were found between increasing levels of sensory deficits and increasing externalizing behavior problems. Correlations were also examined in subcategories of age, gender and socioeconomic status. Five-year-old children showed stronger correlations than 4-year-old children, while males showed stronger correlations than females, and the highest correlations were found in children of families reporting between $18,001 and $24,000 per year annual income. Findings suggest that Latino preschool children with externalizing behavior problems may suffer from delays in sensory development that impact their behavior. Clinical interventions should promote strategies that either reduce or increase environmental stimuli in accordance with the sensory abilities of the individual child.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10103111" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a199d447233f2c5cf7a5e26882a84877" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47530487,"asset_id":10103111,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47530487/download_file?st=MTczMzAxNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24628187" href="https://azusa.academia.edu/JoyBustrum">Joy Bustrum</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24628187" type="text/json">{"id":24628187,"first_name":"Joy","last_name":"Bustrum","domain_name":"azusa","page_name":"JoyBustrum","display_name":"Joy Bustrum","profile_url":"https://azusa.academia.edu/JoyBustrum?f_ri=226330","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10103111 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10103111"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10103111, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10103111", }); 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Parents of 179 urban, Latino preschool children completed two parent-report measures, the Short Sensory Profile (SSP), as a checklist for sensory symptoms, and the Achenbach Checklist for Ages 1½–5 (CBCL/1½–5) to assess externalizing behavior problems. Measures were available in Spanish or English depending on the parent’s preference. Correlations were performed between the total sensory deficits scale of the SSP and the Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Externalizing Problems scales of the CBCL. Significant correlations were found between increasing levels of sensory deficits and increasing externalizing behavior problems. Correlations were also examined in subcategories of age, gender and socioeconomic status. Five-year-old children showed stronger correlations than 4-year-old children, while males showed stronger correlations than females, and the highest correlations were found in children of families reporting between $18,001 and $24,000 per year annual income. Findings suggest that Latino preschool children with externalizing behavior problems may suffer from delays in sensory development that impact their behavior. Clinical interventions should promote strategies that either reduce or increase environmental stimuli in accordance with the sensory abilities of the individual child.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47530487,"asset_id":10103111,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24628187,"first_name":"Joy","last_name":"Bustrum","domain_name":"azusa","page_name":"JoyBustrum","display_name":"Joy Bustrum","profile_url":"https://azusa.academia.edu/JoyBustrum?f_ri=226330","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":1238,"name":"Spanish","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":2350,"name":"Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention-Deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":15674,"name":"Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistics?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":52586,"name":"Oppositional Defiant Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oppositional_Defiant_Disorder?f_ri=226330"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=226330"},{"id":81504,"name":"Correlation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Correlation?f_ri=226330"},{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status?f_ri=226330"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=226330"},{"id":444020,"name":"Behavior Problems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior_Problems?f_ri=226330"},{"id":546345,"name":"Preschool Children","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Preschool_Children?f_ri=226330"},{"id":617692,"name":"Family and child studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_and_child_studies?f_ri=226330"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18720287" data-work_id="18720287" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18720287/Poverty_Grown_Up_How_Childhood_Socioeconomic_Status_Impacts_Adult_Health">Poverty Grown Up: How Childhood Socioeconomic Status Impacts Adult Health</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primary_Care">Primary Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="633" type="text/json">{"id":633,"name":"Primary Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primary_Care?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2350" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention-Deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder">Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2350" type="text/json">{"id":2350,"name":"Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention-Deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2808" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty">Poverty</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2808" 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class="summarized">CERIN, E., B. E. SAELENS, J. F. SALLIS, and L. D. FRANK. Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale: Validity and Development of a Short Form. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 38, No. 9, pp. 1682-1691, 2006. Purpose: The aim of this study... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20998680" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">CERIN, E., B. E. SAELENS, J. F. SALLIS, and L. D. FRANK. Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale: Validity and Development of a Short Form. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 38, No. 9, pp. 1682-1691, 2006. Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the factorial and criterion validity of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS) and to develop an abbreviated</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20998680" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e830cf84c2262733b09638542810f110" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41664157,"asset_id":20998680,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41664157/download_file?st=MTczMzAxNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42236829" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BrianSaelens">Violet Lee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42236829" type="text/json">{"id":42236829,"first_name":"Violet","last_name":"Lee","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BrianSaelens","display_name":"Violet Lee","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BrianSaelens?f_ri=226330","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42236829/168942062/158910594/s65_brian.saelens.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20998680 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20998680"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20998680, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20998680", }); 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E. SAELENS, J. F. SALLIS, and L. D. FRANK. Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale: Validity and Development of a Short Form. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 38, No. 9, pp. 1682-1691, 2006. Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the factorial and criterion validity of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS) and to develop an abbreviated","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41664157,"asset_id":20998680,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42236829,"first_name":"Violet","last_name":"Lee","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BrianSaelens","display_name":"Violet Lee","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BrianSaelens?f_ri=226330","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42236829/168942062/158910594/s65_brian.saelens.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9112,"name":"Physical Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Activity?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":10050,"name":"Built Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Built_Environment?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":49161,"name":"Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":51195,"name":"Esthetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Esthetics?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":61243,"name":"Medicine Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine_Science?f_ri=226330"},{"id":67360,"name":"Crime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crime?f_ri=226330"},{"id":71258,"name":"Traffic Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traffic_Safety?f_ri=226330"},{"id":73118,"name":"Walking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Walking?f_ri=226330"},{"id":95108,"name":"RECREATION","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RECREATION?f_ri=226330"},{"id":104428,"name":"Confirmatory factor analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confirmatory_factor_analysis?f_ri=226330"},{"id":153168,"name":"Data Collection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Collection?f_ri=226330"},{"id":163143,"name":"STEM (short form)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/STEM_short_form_?f_ri=226330"},{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status?f_ri=226330"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=226330"},{"id":535415,"name":"Environment Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment_Design?f_ri=226330"},{"id":992395,"name":"Medicine and Science In Sports and Exercise","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine_and_Science_In_Sports_and_Exercise?f_ri=226330"},{"id":1128737,"name":"Cluster Sampling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cluster_Sampling?f_ri=226330"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_46913331" data-work_id="46913331" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/46913331/Socioeconomic_Relation_with_Plastic_Consumption_on_61_Countries_Classified_by_Continent_Income_Status_and_Coastal_Regions">Socioeconomic Relation with Plastic Consumption on 61 Countries Classified by Continent, Income Status and Coastal Regions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this study, World Bank socioeconomic data of 61 countries during 2009-2015 combine with a semi-systematic literature review was applied to analyze the relationship between plastic consumptions and socioeconomic levels statistically.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_46913331" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this study, World Bank socioeconomic data of 61 countries during 2009-2015 combine with a semi-systematic literature review was applied to analyze the relationship between plastic consumptions and socioeconomic levels statistically. Based on a total data volume of 5551, we found that all countries can be divided into different groups like the continent, income status, and coastal countries. It is showed that most plastics were consumed by North America, Europe, high-income countries, and coastal countries in the Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean. A potential relation occurred in plastic consumptions with different socioeconomic parameters like Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, life expectancy, agriculture land use, etc. The results indicated the need should continue to support initiatives to cover identified gaps, either geographic or thematic, to address plastic consumptions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/46913331" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6f532cdeea04dda1ae6e41db2f1ed546" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66285185,"asset_id":46913331,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66285185/download_file?st=MTczMzAxNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28047010" href="https://chula.academia.edu/DrKaziBelayetHossain">Dr. Kazi Belayet Hossain</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28047010" type="text/json">{"id":28047010,"first_name":"Dr. Kazi Belayet","last_name":"Hossain","domain_name":"chula","page_name":"DrKaziBelayetHossain","display_name":"Dr. Kazi Belayet Hossain","profile_url":"https://chula.academia.edu/DrKaziBelayetHossain?f_ri=226330","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28047010/19886108/19699384/s65_kazi_belayet.hossain.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_46913331 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="46913331"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 46913331, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_46913331", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_46913331 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 46913331; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_46913331"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_46913331 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="46913331"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 46913331; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=46913331]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_46913331").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_46913331").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="46913331"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="226330" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status">Socioeconomic Status</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="226330" type="text/json">{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1261288" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Principle_Components_Analysis">Principle Components Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1261288" type="text/json">{"id":1261288,"name":"Principle Components Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Principle_Components_Analysis?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=46913331]'), work: {"id":46913331,"title":"Socioeconomic Relation with Plastic Consumption on 61 Countries Classified by Continent, Income Status and Coastal Regions","created_at":"2021-04-16T22:56:10.307-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/46913331/Socioeconomic_Relation_with_Plastic_Consumption_on_61_Countries_Classified_by_Continent_Income_Status_and_Coastal_Regions?f_ri=226330","dom_id":"work_46913331","summary":"In this study, World Bank socioeconomic data of 61 countries during 2009-2015 combine with a semi-systematic literature review was applied to analyze the relationship between plastic consumptions and socioeconomic levels statistically. Based on a total data volume of 5551, we found that all countries can be divided into different groups like the continent, income status, and coastal countries. It is showed that most plastics were consumed by North America, Europe, high-income countries, and coastal countries in the Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean. A potential relation occurred in plastic consumptions with different socioeconomic parameters like Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, life expectancy, agriculture land use, etc. The results indicated the need should continue to support initiatives to cover identified gaps, either geographic or thematic, to address plastic consumptions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66285185,"asset_id":46913331,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28047010,"first_name":"Dr. Kazi Belayet","last_name":"Hossain","domain_name":"chula","page_name":"DrKaziBelayetHossain","display_name":"Dr. Kazi Belayet Hossain","profile_url":"https://chula.academia.edu/DrKaziBelayetHossain?f_ri=226330","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28047010/19886108/19699384/s65_kazi_belayet.hossain.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":1261288,"name":"Principle Components Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Principle_Components_Analysis?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72965043" data-work_id="72965043" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72965043/Promoting_a_Culture_of_Parent_Collaboration_and_Trust_An_Empirical_Study">Promoting a Culture of Parent Collaboration and Trust: An Empirical Study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study investigated the effects of formalized and centralized school structures on two emergent concepts in the study of school reform, trust and collaboration. Trust and collaboration were examined from the perspective of parents, as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72965043" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study investigated the effects of formalized and centralized school structures on two emergent concepts in the study of school reform, trust and collaboration. Trust and collaboration were examined from the perspective of parents, as opposed to internal school agents such as teachers or students. Three hierarchical multiple regressions identified the effects of an enabling school structure on parent-school trust, parent-principal trust, and parent collaboration. Authors found that rules and formal control structures can be applied in ways that foster a culture supportive of parent trust and collaboration. Further, such structures mitigate the negative influence of non-manipuable contextual conditions. Parent Collaboration and Trust 3</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72965043" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="14798c2cefa2c03c99d017cd6516f996" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81676252,"asset_id":72965043,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81676252/download_file?st=MTczMzAxNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38331208" href="https://ou.academia.edu/CurtAdams">Curt Adams</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38331208" type="text/json">{"id":38331208,"first_name":"Curt","last_name":"Adams","domain_name":"ou","page_name":"CurtAdams","display_name":"Curt Adams","profile_url":"https://ou.academia.edu/CurtAdams?f_ri=226330","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38331208/10679327/11922088/s65_curt.adams.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72965043 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72965043"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72965043, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72965043", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_72965043 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72965043; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_72965043"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_72965043 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72965043"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72965043; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72965043]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72965043").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72965043").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72965043"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="226330" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status">Socioeconomic Status</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="226330" type="text/json">{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1223700" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/School-Public_Relations">School-Public Relations</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1223700" type="text/json">{"id":1223700,"name":"School-Public Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/School-Public_Relations?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72965043]'), work: {"id":72965043,"title":"Promoting a Culture of Parent Collaboration and Trust: An Empirical Study","created_at":"2022-03-03T15:46:37.569-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72965043/Promoting_a_Culture_of_Parent_Collaboration_and_Trust_An_Empirical_Study?f_ri=226330","dom_id":"work_72965043","summary":"This study investigated the effects of formalized and centralized school structures on two emergent concepts in the study of school reform, trust and collaboration. Trust and collaboration were examined from the perspective of parents, as opposed to internal school agents such as teachers or students. Three hierarchical multiple regressions identified the effects of an enabling school structure on parent-school trust, parent-principal trust, and parent collaboration. Authors found that rules and formal control structures can be applied in ways that foster a culture supportive of parent trust and collaboration. Further, such structures mitigate the negative influence of non-manipuable contextual conditions. Parent Collaboration and Trust 3","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81676252,"asset_id":72965043,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38331208,"first_name":"Curt","last_name":"Adams","domain_name":"ou","page_name":"CurtAdams","display_name":"Curt Adams","profile_url":"https://ou.academia.edu/CurtAdams?f_ri=226330","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38331208/10679327/11922088/s65_curt.adams.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":1223700,"name":"School-Public Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/School-Public_Relations?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63500238" data-work_id="63500238" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63500238/Unproven_Links_Can_Poverty_Explain_Ethnic_Disproportionality_in_Special_Education">Unproven Links: Can Poverty Explain Ethnic Disproportionality in Special Education</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The high degree of overlap of race and poverty in our society has led to the presumption in both research and practice that ethnic disproportionality in special education is in large measure an artifact of the effects of poverty. This... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_63500238" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The high degree of overlap of race and poverty in our society has led to the presumption in both research and practice that ethnic disproportionality in special education is in large measure an artifact of the effects of poverty. This article explores relationships among race, poverty, and special education identification to arrive at a more precise estimate of the contribution of poverty to racial disparities. District-level data for all 295 school corporations in a midwestern state were analyzed for this study. Records included information on disability category, general and special education enrollment by race, socioeconomic level, local resources, and academic and social outcomes for 1 school year. Simple correlations among the variables demonstrate that correlations between race and poverty of even moderate strength do not guarantee that the 2 variables will function in the same way with respect to outcome variables, such as identification for special education services. Result...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63500238" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1e04a15ac1289770db34797d668074bf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75912237,"asset_id":63500238,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75912237/download_file?st=MTczMzAxNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46991626" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RussSkiba">Russ Skiba</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46991626" type="text/json">{"id":46991626,"first_name":"Russ","last_name":"Skiba","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RussSkiba","display_name":"Russ Skiba","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RussSkiba?f_ri=226330","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46991626/86083206/74742388/s65_russ.skiba.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63500238 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63500238"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63500238, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63500238", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_63500238 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 63500238; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_63500238"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_63500238 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="63500238"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 63500238; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=63500238]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_63500238").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_63500238").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63500238"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1062" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Special_Education">Special Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1062" type="text/json">{"id":1062,"name":"Special Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Special_Education?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2808" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty">Poverty</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2808" type="text/json">{"id":2808,"name":"Poverty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="226330" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status">Socioeconomic Status</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="226330" type="text/json">{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="299815" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Suspension">Suspension</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="299815" type="text/json">{"id":299815,"name":"Suspension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Suspension?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63500238]'), work: {"id":63500238,"title":"Unproven Links: Can Poverty Explain Ethnic Disproportionality in Special Education","created_at":"2021-12-07T20:19:59.794-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63500238/Unproven_Links_Can_Poverty_Explain_Ethnic_Disproportionality_in_Special_Education?f_ri=226330","dom_id":"work_63500238","summary":"The high degree of overlap of race and poverty in our society has led to the presumption in both research and practice that ethnic disproportionality in special education is in large measure an artifact of the effects of poverty. This article explores relationships among race, poverty, and special education identification to arrive at a more precise estimate of the contribution of poverty to racial disparities. District-level data for all 295 school corporations in a midwestern state were analyzed for this study. Records included information on disability category, general and special education enrollment by race, socioeconomic level, local resources, and academic and social outcomes for 1 school year. Simple correlations among the variables demonstrate that correlations between race and poverty of even moderate strength do not guarantee that the 2 variables will function in the same way with respect to outcome variables, such as identification for special education services. Result...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75912237,"asset_id":63500238,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46991626,"first_name":"Russ","last_name":"Skiba","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RussSkiba","display_name":"Russ Skiba","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RussSkiba?f_ri=226330","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46991626/86083206/74742388/s65_russ.skiba.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1062,"name":"Special Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Special_Education?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":2808,"name":"Poverty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":299815,"name":"Suspension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Suspension?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53405041" data-work_id="53405041" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53405041/Learning_and_Academic_Engagement_in_the_Multiversity_Student_Experience_in_the_Research_University_21st_Century_SERU21_Project_Results_of_the_First_University_of_California_Undergraduate_Experience_Survey">Learning and Academic Engagement in the Multiversity: Student Experience in the Research University--21st Century (SERU21) Project. Results of the First University of California Undergraduate Experience Survey</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53405041" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3e8663a7d7ff0bf8cc285ac0a6fa6e14" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70265299,"asset_id":53405041,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70265299/download_file?st=MTczMzAxNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30788505" href="https://ucsb.academia.edu/RichardFlacks">Richard Flacks</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30788505" type="text/json">{"id":30788505,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Flacks","domain_name":"ucsb","page_name":"RichardFlacks","display_name":"Richard Flacks","profile_url":"https://ucsb.academia.edu/RichardFlacks?f_ri=226330","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30788505/8985632/10026429/s65_richard.flacks.jpg_oh_c32c294e5e34fd3f40822ca4a1b3081f_oe_55d474f5___gda___1439347826_8bddaec803ed3688e7d503082dedd8e0"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53405041 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53405041"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53405041, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53405041", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_53405041 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53405041; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_53405041"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_53405041 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53405041"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53405041; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53405041]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_53405041").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_53405041").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="53405041"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1003" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Technology">Educational Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1003" type="text/json">{"id":1003,"name":"Educational Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Technology?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26879" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Class">Social Class</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26879" type="text/json">{"id":26879,"name":"Social Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Class?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54318" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigrants">Immigrants</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="54318" type="text/json">{"id":54318,"name":"Immigrants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigrants?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="89488" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Methods">Teaching Methods</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="89488" type="text/json">{"id":89488,"name":"Teaching Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Methods?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=53405041]'), work: {"id":53405041,"title":"Learning and Academic Engagement in the Multiversity: Student Experience in the Research University--21st Century (SERU21) Project. Results of the First University of California Undergraduate Experience Survey","created_at":"2021-09-26T11:42:22.482-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/53405041/Learning_and_Academic_Engagement_in_the_Multiversity_Student_Experience_in_the_Research_University_21st_Century_SERU21_Project_Results_of_the_First_University_of_California_Undergraduate_Experience_Survey?f_ri=226330","dom_id":"work_53405041","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70265299,"asset_id":53405041,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30788505,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Flacks","domain_name":"ucsb","page_name":"RichardFlacks","display_name":"Richard Flacks","profile_url":"https://ucsb.academia.edu/RichardFlacks?f_ri=226330","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30788505/8985632/10026429/s65_richard.flacks.jpg_oh_c32c294e5e34fd3f40822ca4a1b3081f_oe_55d474f5___gda___1439347826_8bddaec803ed3688e7d503082dedd8e0"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1003,"name":"Educational Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Technology?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":26879,"name":"Social Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Class?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":54318,"name":"Immigrants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immigrants?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":89488,"name":"Teaching Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_Methods?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":167483,"name":"Income","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Income?f_ri=226330"},{"id":203753,"name":"Goal Orientation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Goal_Orientation?f_ri=226330"},{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status?f_ri=226330"},{"id":2973636,"name":"Grade point average","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grade_point_average?f_ri=226330"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44553916" data-work_id="44553916" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44553916/Critical_Analyses_of_Outcomes_of_Marginalized_Undergraduate_Engineering_Students">Critical Analyses of Outcomes of Marginalized Undergraduate Engineering Students</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The authors present a Research Full Paper on the application of critical and liberative theories in understanding the disproportionately low student outcomes of marginalized undergraduate students studying engineering at a large, highly... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44553916" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The authors present a Research Full Paper on the application of critical and liberative theories in understanding the disproportionately low student outcomes of marginalized undergraduate students studying engineering at a large, highly selective public university in the United States. In addition to looking at women students and students of color, we also examine the effects of social class on educational opportunity and performance, hypothesizing that access to financial capital is correlated to student success. In recognition of class-related structural oppression, this study introduces the framework of Freirean critical theory and other anti-oppressive frameworks as lenses through which we observe and analyze student experiences and outcomes.<br /><br />We pursue a quantitative study in which we investigate engineering student outcomes based on reported gender, ethnicity, and household income level. Dependent variables include degree completion rates, time to graduation, and grade point average after the first four semesters of study. We find that students of color and working class students experience lower rates of graduation , prolonged time to degree, and lower grade point averages than students who do not fall into either of these categories. These results are heavily influenced by the intersectionality of students of color and working class students, as the two groups largely overlap both in the United States population and in the engineering student body at this institution.<br /><br />The results support liberative theoretical claims that societal structures, such as patriarchalism, racism, and capitalism, have filtering effects that impact the opportunities available to individuals with marginalized identities throughout their lives. As incremental interventions fail to address the roots of these problems, they cannot entirely remove the debilitating obstacles facing students from marginalized identity groups; the only true solution lies in liberation from oppressive social structures. In accordance with critical and liberative theories, engineering educators can and should contribute to liberative efforts by employing pedagogical methods that challenge structural oppression.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44553916" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0fd82c38d3970d48c16c6b1b64e9cf98" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65031314,"asset_id":44553916,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65031314/download_file?st=MTczMzAxNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="131472087" href="https://calstatela.academia.edu/CorinBowen">Corin L . Bowen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="131472087" type="text/json">{"id":131472087,"first_name":"Corin","last_name":"Bowen","domain_name":"calstatela","page_name":"CorinBowen","display_name":"Corin L . Bowen","profile_url":"https://calstatela.academia.edu/CorinBowen?f_ri=226330","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/131472087/34889191/30478852/s65_corin.bowen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44553916 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44553916"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44553916, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44553916", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44553916 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44553916; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44553916"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44553916 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44553916"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44553916; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44553916]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44553916").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44553916").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44553916"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory">Critical Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8" type="text/json">{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2023" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_Education">Engineering Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2023" type="text/json">{"id":2023,"name":"Engineering Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_Education?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2613" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diversity">Diversity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2613" type="text/json">{"id":2613,"name":"Diversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diversity?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5453" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity">Race and Ethnicity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5453" type="text/json">{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44553916]'), work: {"id":44553916,"title":"Critical Analyses of Outcomes of Marginalized Undergraduate Engineering Students","created_at":"2020-11-22T09:15:16.231-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44553916/Critical_Analyses_of_Outcomes_of_Marginalized_Undergraduate_Engineering_Students?f_ri=226330","dom_id":"work_44553916","summary":"The authors present a Research Full Paper on the application of critical and liberative theories in understanding the disproportionately low student outcomes of marginalized undergraduate students studying engineering at a large, highly selective public university in the United States. In addition to looking at women students and students of color, we also examine the effects of social class on educational opportunity and performance, hypothesizing that access to financial capital is correlated to student success. In recognition of class-related structural oppression, this study introduces the framework of Freirean critical theory and other anti-oppressive frameworks as lenses through which we observe and analyze student experiences and outcomes.\n\nWe pursue a quantitative study in which we investigate engineering student outcomes based on reported gender, ethnicity, and household income level. Dependent variables include degree completion rates, time to graduation, and grade point average after the first four semesters of study. We find that students of color and working class students experience lower rates of graduation , prolonged time to degree, and lower grade point averages than students who do not fall into either of these categories. These results are heavily influenced by the intersectionality of students of color and working class students, as the two groups largely overlap both in the United States population and in the engineering student body at this institution.\n\nThe results support liberative theoretical claims that societal structures, such as patriarchalism, racism, and capitalism, have filtering effects that impact the opportunities available to individuals with marginalized identities throughout their lives. As incremental interventions fail to address the roots of these problems, they cannot entirely remove the debilitating obstacles facing students from marginalized identity groups; the only true solution lies in liberation from oppressive social structures. In accordance with critical and liberative theories, engineering educators can and should contribute to liberative efforts by employing pedagogical methods that challenge structural oppression.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65031314,"asset_id":44553916,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":131472087,"first_name":"Corin","last_name":"Bowen","domain_name":"calstatela","page_name":"CorinBowen","display_name":"Corin L . Bowen","profile_url":"https://calstatela.academia.edu/CorinBowen?f_ri=226330","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/131472087/34889191/30478852/s65_corin.bowen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":2023,"name":"Engineering Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_Education?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":2613,"name":"Diversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diversity?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":5453,"name":"Race and Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race_and_Ethnicity?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":7024,"name":"Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender?f_ri=226330"},{"id":27991,"name":"Equity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Equity?f_ri=226330"},{"id":175427,"name":"Undergraduate Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Undergraduate_Education?f_ri=226330"},{"id":195912,"name":"Grades","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grades?f_ri=226330"},{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status?f_ri=226330"},{"id":481955,"name":"Graduation Rates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graduation_Rates?f_ri=226330"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31357517" data-work_id="31357517" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31357517/Non_familial_Alzheimer_s_disease_is_mainly_due_to_genetic_factors_JAD">Non-familial Alzheimer’s disease is mainly due to genetic factors. JAD</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31357517" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5f1aa6d40fa929ae8031af6a03ce463b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51737608,"asset_id":31357517,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51737608/download_file?st=MTczMzAxNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32481470" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JamesMortimer">James Mortimer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32481470" type="text/json">{"id":32481470,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Mortimer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JamesMortimer","display_name":"James Mortimer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JamesMortimer?f_ri=226330","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31357517 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31357517"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31357517, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31357517", }); 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Breastfeeding Pattern Among Working Women in Sao Paulo</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The needs of breastfeeding women who work away from home differ from those of other women, particularly those who breastfeed exclusively. Sixty-nine factory workers were interviewed in Sao Paulo, both during pregnancy and when they... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13314884" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The needs of breastfeeding women who work away from home differ from those of other women, particularly those who breastfeed exclusively. Sixty-nine factory workers were interviewed in Sao Paulo, both during pregnancy and when they returned to work. Median durations of exclusive (EBF), predominant (PBF), and any breastfeeding (BF) were found to be 10 days, 70 days, and 150 days, respectively. Despite having used the 4-month leave to which they were entitled, by 1 month, 86% of the respondents had given tea, 50% water, and 42% artificial baby milk. Only 2 women were still exclusively breastfeeding when they returned to work. Various personal characteristics were associated with longer duration of breastfeeding. Maternity ward routines were generally not supportive, but duration of PBF was longer where better support was received. Duration of EBF was longer among women with support for breastfeeding at work, and shorter for those working on weekends or doing shift work. Thus, women may have adjusted their feeding patterns based on whether or not they anticipated workplace support. Only weekend work and socioeconomic status were linked to shorter duration of breastfeeding. Stronger social and health care support for EBF may be needed before the full impact of workplace support can be usefully studied in Brazil.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13314884" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bed62da737a682009822cdf3c8c4d38e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45481269,"asset_id":13314884,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45481269/download_file?st=MTczMzAxNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32633843" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SoniaVenancio">Sonia Venancio</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32633843" type="text/json">{"id":32633843,"first_name":"Sonia","last_name":"Venancio","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SoniaVenancio","display_name":"Sonia Venancio","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SoniaVenancio?f_ri=226330","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13314884">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13314884"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://hanyang.academia.edu/MyformeruniversityNowretired">Ted Greiner</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13314884'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13314884').html(); 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Sixty-nine factory workers were interviewed in Sao Paulo, both during pregnancy and when they returned to work. Median durations of exclusive (EBF), predominant (PBF), and any breastfeeding (BF) were found to be 10 days, 70 days, and 150 days, respectively. Despite having used the 4-month leave to which they were entitled, by 1 month, 86% of the respondents had given tea, 50% water, and 42% artificial baby milk. Only 2 women were still exclusively breastfeeding when they returned to work. Various personal characteristics were associated with longer duration of breastfeeding. Maternity ward routines were generally not supportive, but duration of PBF was longer where better support was received. Duration of EBF was longer among women with support for breastfeeding at work, and shorter for those working on weekends or doing shift work. Thus, women may have adjusted their feeding patterns based on whether or not they anticipated workplace support. Only weekend work and socioeconomic status were linked to shorter duration of breastfeeding. Stronger social and health care support for EBF may be needed before the full impact of workplace support can be usefully studied in Brazil.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45481269,"asset_id":13314884,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32633843,"first_name":"Sonia","last_name":"Venancio","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SoniaVenancio","display_name":"Sonia Venancio","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SoniaVenancio?f_ri=226330","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32562000,"first_name":"Ted","last_name":"Greiner","domain_name":"hanyang","page_name":"MyformeruniversityNowretired","display_name":"Ted 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InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-19961315">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-19961315"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/IvetteM%C3%A9ndez">Ivette Méndez</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://usf.academia.edu/DHimmelgreen">David Himmelgreen</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-19961315'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-19961315').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19961315 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19961315"><i 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1907" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition">Nutrition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1907" type="text/json">{"id":1907,"name":"Nutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrition?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3540" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Policy">Food Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3540" type="text/json">{"id":3540,"name":"Food Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Policy?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="65981" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Needs_Assessment">Needs Assessment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="65981" type="text/json">{"id":65981,"name":"Needs Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Needs_Assessment?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19961315]'), work: {"id":19961315,"title":"Development of a Color-Coded Bilingual Food Label for Low-Literacy Latino 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js-work-more-authors-6861862">+4</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-6861862"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://northwestern.academia.edu/DennisLi">Dennis H Li</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ua-birmingham.academia.edu/DavidSchwebel">David Schwebel</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/SchusterMark1">Schuster Mark</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/YoshimiYamakawa">Yoshimi Yamakawa</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-6861862'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return 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class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="65896550" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FrancisJohnston">Francis Johnston</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="65896550" type="text/json">{"id":65896550,"first_name":"Francis","last_name":"Johnston","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrancisJohnston","display_name":"Francis Johnston","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FrancisJohnston?f_ri=226330","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-33522740">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-33522740"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/YetiluDeBaessa">Yetilu De Baessa</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-33522740'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-33522740').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33522740 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33522740"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33522740, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33522740", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33522740 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33522740; 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$(".js-view-count-work_33522740").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33522740"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2971" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_development">Cognitive development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2971" type="text/json">{"id":2971,"name":"Cognitive development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_development?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33522740]'), work: {"id":33522740,"title":"Interaction of 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tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intelligence_tests?f_ri=226330"},{"id":2345130,"name":"Socioeconomic Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Factors?f_ri=226330"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=226330"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20235335" data-work_id="20235335" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20235335/Playing_linear_numerical_board_games_promotes_low_income_childrens_numerical_development">Playing linear numerical board games promotes low-income children's numerical development</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20235335" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4cdc8756d5bd6f1f174fad7d61b75430" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41350891,"asset_id":20235335,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41350891/download_file?st=MTczMzAxNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2808" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty">Poverty</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2808" type="text/json">{"id":2808,"name":"Poverty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2892" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_games">Experimental games</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2892" type="text/json">{"id":2892,"name":"Experimental games","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_games?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20235335]'), work: {"id":20235335,"title":"Playing linear numerical board games promotes low-income children's numerical 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href="https://www.academia.edu/79579662/The_association_between_neighborhood_socioeconomic_status_and_exposure_to_supermarkets_and_fast_food_outlets">The association between neighborhood socioeconomic status and exposure to supermarkets and fast food outlets</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79579662" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9539975a98986b1f7199910e80e436bb" rel="nofollow" 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Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Factors?f_ri=226330"},{"id":3604190,"name":"healthcare disparities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/healthcare_disparities?f_ri=226330"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_57296082" data-work_id="57296082" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57296082/The_Impact_of_Parental_Death_on_School_Outcomes_Longitudinal_Evidence_From_South_Africa">The Impact of Parental Death on School Outcomes: Longitudinal Evidence From South Africa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We analyze longitudinal data from a demographic surveillance area (DSA) in KwaZulu-Natal to examine the impact of parental death on children’s outcomes. The results show significant differences in the impact of mothers’ and fathers’... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_57296082" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We analyze longitudinal data from a demographic surveillance area (DSA) in KwaZulu-Natal to examine the impact of parental death on children’s outcomes. The results show significant differences in the impact of mothers’ and fathers’ deaths. The loss of a child’s mother is a strong predictor of poor schooling outcomes. Maternal orphans are significantly less likely to be enrolled in school and have completed significantly fewer years of schooling, conditional on age, than children whose mothers are alive. Less money is spent on maternal orphans’ educations, on average, conditional on enrollment. Moreover, children whose mothers have died appear to be at an educational disadvantage when compared with non-orphaned children with whom they live. We use the timing of mothers’ deaths relative to children’s educational shortfalls to argue that mothers’ deaths have a causal effect on children’s educations. The loss of a child’s father is a significant correlate of poor household socioeconomi...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/57296082" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c520b1267d548d92b2f3a02bb7bac202" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72265555,"asset_id":57296082,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72265555/download_file?st=MTczMzAxNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68938652" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CallyArdington">Cally Ardington</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68938652" type="text/json">{"id":68938652,"first_name":"Cally","last_name":"Ardington","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CallyArdington","display_name":"Cally Ardington","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CallyArdington?f_ri=226330","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/68938652/150599976/140180965/s65_cally.ardington.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_57296082 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="57296082"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 57296082, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_57296082", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_57296082 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57296082; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_57296082"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_57296082 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="57296082"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57296082; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57296082]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_57296082").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_57296082").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="57296082"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="310" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography">Demography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="310" type="text/json">{"id":310,"name":"Demography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2122" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death">Death</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2122" type="text/json">{"id":2122,"name":"Death","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54279" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_making">Policy making</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="54279" type="text/json">{"id":54279,"name":"Policy making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_making?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=57296082]'), work: {"id":57296082,"title":"The Impact of Parental Death on School Outcomes: Longitudinal Evidence From South Africa","created_at":"2021-10-11T23:17:50.349-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/57296082/The_Impact_of_Parental_Death_on_School_Outcomes_Longitudinal_Evidence_From_South_Africa?f_ri=226330","dom_id":"work_57296082","summary":"We analyze longitudinal data from a demographic surveillance area (DSA) in KwaZulu-Natal to examine the impact of parental death on children’s outcomes. The results show significant differences in the impact of mothers’ and fathers’ deaths. The loss of a child’s mother is a strong predictor of poor schooling outcomes. Maternal orphans are significantly less likely to be enrolled in school and have completed significantly fewer years of schooling, conditional on age, than children whose mothers are alive. Less money is spent on maternal orphans’ educations, on average, conditional on enrollment. Moreover, children whose mothers have died appear to be at an educational disadvantage when compared with non-orphaned children with whom they live. We use the timing of mothers’ deaths relative to children’s educational shortfalls to argue that mothers’ deaths have a causal effect on children’s educations. The loss of a child’s father is a significant correlate of poor household socioeconomi...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72265555,"asset_id":57296082,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":68938652,"first_name":"Cally","last_name":"Ardington","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CallyArdington","display_name":"Cally Ardington","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CallyArdington?f_ri=226330","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/68938652/150599976/140180965/s65_cally.ardington.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":310,"name":"Demography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":2122,"name":"Death","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":54279,"name":"Policy making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_making?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":56132,"name":"Students","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Students?f_ri=226330"},{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=226330"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=226330"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=226330"},{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status?f_ri=226330"},{"id":251111,"name":"South African","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_African?f_ri=226330"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=226330"},{"id":303598,"name":"Parents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parents?f_ri=226330"},{"id":330953,"name":"Longitudinal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Longitudinal_Studies?f_ri=226330"},{"id":439627,"name":"Longitudinal data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Longitudinal_data?f_ri=226330"},{"id":546421,"name":"Educational Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Status?f_ri=226330"},{"id":996485,"name":"Causal Effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_Effect?f_ri=226330"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=226330"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53033993" data-work_id="53033993" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53033993/Defining_equity_in_health">Defining equity in health</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53033993" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5baad7a514e3d72331f07d670a859607" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70008072,"asset_id":53033993,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70008072/download_file?st=MTczMzAxNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34883927" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PaulaBraveman">Paula Braveman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34883927" type="text/json">{"id":34883927,"first_name":"Paula","last_name":"Braveman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PaulaBraveman","display_name":"Paula Braveman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PaulaBraveman?f_ri=226330","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53033993 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53033993"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53033993, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53033993", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_53033993 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53033993; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_53033993"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_53033993 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53033993"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53033993; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53033993]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_53033993").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_53033993").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="53033993"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="262" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography">Human Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="262" type="text/json">{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1414" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics">Bioethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1414" type="text/json">{"id":1414,"name":"Bioethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioethics?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2592" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights">Human Rights</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2592" type="text/json">{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=53033993]'), work: {"id":53033993,"title":"Defining equity in 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Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":2808,"name":"Poverty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty?f_ri=226330"},{"id":5792,"name":"Social Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Justice?f_ri=226330"},{"id":13085,"name":"Health Equity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Equity?f_ri=226330"},{"id":14406,"name":"Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health?f_ri=226330"},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=226330"},{"id":17969,"name":"Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Policy?f_ri=226330"},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=226330"},{"id":26879,"name":"Social Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Class?f_ri=226330"},{"id":27991,"name":"Equity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Equity?f_ri=226330"},{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status?f_ri=226330"},{"id":232534,"name":"Health Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Status?f_ri=226330"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=226330"},{"id":413189,"name":"Ethnic Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Group?f_ri=226330"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42973138 coauthored" data-work_id="42973138" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42973138/Letter_teaching_in_parent_child_conversations">Letter teaching in parent–child conversations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Talk about letters is an important part of the home literacy environment. Such talk has been studied primarily through questionnaires, but these are limited in the amount of information they provide. Here we analyzed conversations between... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42973138" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Talk about letters is an important part of the home literacy environment. Such talk has been studied primarily through questionnaires, but these are limited in the amount of information they provide. Here we analyzed conversations between 55 U.S. children and their parents who were visited in their homes every 4 months when the child was between 1.2 and 4.8 years old. We examined the aspects of alphabet knowledge that parents and children discussed, the materials they used, and how these varied with the age of the child and the socioeconomic status of the family. Children primarily focused on identifying letters, while parents also emphasized letter writing and spelling. Talk about the associations between letters and sounds, which is critical in learning to read and write, was less common than anticipated based on the results of questionnaire studies. Teachers should thus not overestimate the knowledge of letter sounds that children acquire at home.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42973138" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f5bd4d84483eadd419a6b8dc5cdd8ef1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63231776,"asset_id":42973138,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63231776/download_file?st=MTczMzAxNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="65172153" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MollyEFarryThorn">Molly E. Farry-Thorn</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="65172153" type="text/json">{"id":65172153,"first_name":"Molly E.","last_name":"Farry-Thorn","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MollyEFarryThorn","display_name":"Molly E. Farry-Thorn","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MollyEFarryThorn?f_ri=226330","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/65172153/27251249/25639622/s65_molly_e..farry-thorn.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-42973138">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-42973138"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://wustl.academia.edu/RebeccaTreiman">Rebecca Treiman</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-42973138'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-42973138').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42973138 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42973138"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42973138, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42973138", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_42973138 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42973138; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_42973138"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_42973138 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42973138"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42973138; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42973138]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42973138").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42973138").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42973138"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20013" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parent_Child_Relationships">Parent Child Relationships</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20013" type="text/json">{"id":20013,"name":"Parent Child Relationships","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parent_Child_Relationships?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="93502" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Home_Literacy_Environment">Home Literacy Environment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="93502" type="text/json">{"id":93502,"name":"Home Literacy Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Home_Literacy_Environment?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="226330" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status">Socioeconomic Status</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="226330" type="text/json">{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="316839" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alphabet">Alphabet</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="316839" type="text/json">{"id":316839,"name":"Alphabet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alphabet?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42973138]'), work: {"id":42973138,"title":"Letter teaching in parent–child conversations","created_at":"2020-05-07T12:16:17.699-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42973138/Letter_teaching_in_parent_child_conversations?f_ri=226330","dom_id":"work_42973138","summary":"Talk about letters is an important part of the home literacy environment. Such talk has been studied primarily through questionnaires, but these are limited in the amount of information they provide. Here we analyzed conversations between 55 U.S. children and their parents who were visited in their homes every 4 months when the child was between 1.2 and 4.8 years old. We examined the aspects of alphabet knowledge that parents and children discussed, the materials they used, and how these varied with the age of the child and the socioeconomic status of the family. Children primarily focused on identifying letters, while parents also emphasized letter writing and spelling. Talk about the associations between letters and sounds, which is critical in learning to read and write, was less common than anticipated based on the results of questionnaire studies. Teachers should thus not overestimate the knowledge of letter sounds that children acquire at home.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63231776,"asset_id":42973138,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":65172153,"first_name":"Molly E.","last_name":"Farry-Thorn","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MollyEFarryThorn","display_name":"Molly E. Farry-Thorn","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MollyEFarryThorn?f_ri=226330","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/65172153/27251249/25639622/s65_molly_e..farry-thorn.jpg"},{"id":29808287,"first_name":"Rebecca","last_name":"Treiman","domain_name":"wustl","page_name":"RebeccaTreiman","display_name":"Rebecca Treiman","profile_url":"https://wustl.academia.edu/RebeccaTreiman?f_ri=226330","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29808287/8577337/9582240/s65_rebecca.treiman.jpg_oh_66a7e9431c887bd347932124def8ff91_oe_55dbaa3c___gda___1437391122_7d8caaebcaf2e42a628de220c7c3a57c"}],"research_interests":[{"id":20013,"name":"Parent Child Relationships","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parent_Child_Relationships?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":93502,"name":"Home Literacy Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Home_Literacy_Environment?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":316839,"name":"Alphabet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alphabet?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":1839652,"name":"Letter Sounds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Letter_Sounds?f_ri=226330"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1004890" data-work_id="1004890" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1004890/Prevalence_and_risk_factors_for_domestic_violence_against_infertile_women_in_an_Iranian_setting">Prevalence and risk factors for domestic violence against infertile women in an Iranian setting</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1004890" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3867c743945f7c4288bd7bf62fc8357b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51135687,"asset_id":1004890,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51135687/download_file?st=MTczMzAxNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology">Criminology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="189" type="text/json">{"id":189,"name":"Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1663" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestic_Violence">Domestic Violence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1663" type="text/json">{"id":1663,"name":"Domestic Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestic_Violence?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2065" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology">Research Methodology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2065" type="text/json">{"id":2065,"name":"Research Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1004890]'), work: {"id":1004890,"title":"Prevalence and risk factors for domestic violence against infertile women in an Iranian setting","created_at":"2011-10-12T16:40:37.792-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1004890/Prevalence_and_risk_factors_for_domestic_violence_against_infertile_women_in_an_Iranian_setting?f_ri=226330","dom_id":"work_1004890","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51135687,"asset_id":1004890,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":837334,"first_name":"Saharnaz","last_name":"Nedjat","domain_name":"tums","page_name":"SaharnazNedjat","display_name":"Saharnaz Nedjat","profile_url":"https://tums.academia.edu/SaharnazNedjat?f_ri=226330","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":189,"name":"Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":1663,"name":"Domestic Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestic_Violence?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":2065,"name":"Research Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":3464,"name":"Social Problems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Problems?f_ri=226330"},{"id":4307,"name":"Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior?f_ri=226330"},{"id":4559,"name":"Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction?f_ri=226330"},{"id":9815,"name":"Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries?f_ri=226330"},{"id":14406,"name":"Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health?f_ri=226330"},{"id":21318,"name":"Nigeria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nigeria?f_ri=226330"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=226330"},{"id":41274,"name":"Iran","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iran?f_ri=226330"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=226330"},{"id":64336,"name":"Population","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population?f_ri=226330"},{"id":96446,"name":"Measurement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Measurement?f_ri=226330"},{"id":103289,"name":"Gynecology and Obstetrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gynecology_and_Obstetrics?f_ri=226330"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=226330"},{"id":149990,"name":"Battered Women","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Battered_Women?f_ri=226330"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=226330"},{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status?f_ri=226330"},{"id":289330,"name":"Prevalence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevalence?f_ri=226330"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=226330"},{"id":474927,"name":"Interpersonal Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interpersonal_Violence?f_ri=226330"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=226330"},{"id":957189,"name":"Cross Sectional Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional_Analysis?f_ri=226330"},{"id":999436,"name":"Female Infertility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female_Infertility?f_ri=226330"},{"id":1034181,"name":"Cross Sectional Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional_Studies?f_ri=226330"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3488150" data-work_id="3488150" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3488150/Knowledge_attitudes_and_practices_with_respect_to_risk_factors_for_otitis_media_in_a_rural_South_Indian_community">Knowledge, attitudes and practices with respect to risk factors for otitis media in a rural South Indian community</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">(a) To study knowledge, attitudes and practices with respect to risk factors of otitis media in a rural South Indian Community where the prevalence of otitis media is high. (b) To discover the association between parental education,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3488150" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">(a) To study knowledge, attitudes and practices with respect to risk factors of otitis media in a rural South Indian Community where the prevalence of otitis media is high. (b) To discover the association between parental education, socioeconomic status (SES) and family type (nuclear or joint) with knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding risk factors for otitis media.Using a cluster sampling design, the caregivers of 150 children attending daycare were interviewed to note knowledge, attitudes and practices with respect to risk factors for otitis media. Data on level of education of the caregiver, house type (an indicator of SES) and type of family structure were noted. A questionnaire was administered to collect all the relevant data. Statistical analysis of the data obtained was performed to note frequencies. Correlations between sociodemographic parameters and knowledge, attitudes and practices were studied using Chi-square test of proportions.Over 50% of the population showed knowledge deficits with regard to the various risk factors for otitis media. Caregivers from nuclear families were slightly less knowledgeable regarding lack of immunization and household smoke as risk factors for the disease. There was no correlation between any of the sociodemographic factors and attitudes. However, educated mothers were more likely than illiterate mothers to clean their children's ears of wax on a regular basis with the belief that it would prevent ear disease (p = 0.05). Treatment practices in the community were more or less uniform in that earache was either disregarded (26.4%) or treated with home remedies (67.2%) by most caregivers, while a doctor's opinion was often sought for ear discharge (50%). Parents of higher SES were more likely to use home remedies than those of lower SES (p = 0.008).Sociodemographic factors as well as poor knowledge and attitudes and unhealthy practices with respect to risk factors of otitis media contribute to the high prevalence of otitis media in this rural South Indian community. Health education regarding risk factors and provision of accessible health care is essential to reduce the disease burden.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3488150" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a8376e30928404edd7ce5e677a7331a0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50264711,"asset_id":3488150,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50264711/download_file?st=MTczMzAxNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3058855" href="https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/GraceRebekah">Grace Rebekah</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3058855" type="text/json">{"id":3058855,"first_name":"Grace","last_name":"Rebekah","domain_name":"cmcvellore","page_name":"GraceRebekah","display_name":"Grace Rebekah","profile_url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/GraceRebekah?f_ri=226330","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3058855/1005698/1909761/s65_grace.rebekah.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3488150 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3488150"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3488150, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3488150", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3488150]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3488150").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3488150").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3488150"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7428" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Education">Health Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7428" type="text/json">{"id":7428,"name":"Health Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Education?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43838" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India">India</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43838" type="text/json">{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62112" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies">Prospective studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62112" type="text/json">{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="131237" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cluster_Analysis">Cluster Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="131237" type="text/json">{"id":131237,"name":"Cluster Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cluster_Analysis?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3488150]'), work: {"id":3488150,"title":"Knowledge, attitudes and practices with respect to risk factors for otitis media in a rural South Indian community","created_at":"2013-05-07T20:32:49.923-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3488150/Knowledge_attitudes_and_practices_with_respect_to_risk_factors_for_otitis_media_in_a_rural_South_Indian_community?f_ri=226330","dom_id":"work_3488150","summary":"(a) To study knowledge, attitudes and practices with respect to risk factors of otitis media in a rural South Indian Community where the prevalence of otitis media is high. (b) To discover the association between parental education, socioeconomic status (SES) and family type (nuclear or joint) with knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding risk factors for otitis media.Using a cluster sampling design, the caregivers of 150 children attending daycare were interviewed to note knowledge, attitudes and practices with respect to risk factors for otitis media. Data on level of education of the caregiver, house type (an indicator of SES) and type of family structure were noted. A questionnaire was administered to collect all the relevant data. Statistical analysis of the data obtained was performed to note frequencies. Correlations between sociodemographic parameters and knowledge, attitudes and practices were studied using Chi-square test of proportions.Over 50% of the population showed knowledge deficits with regard to the various risk factors for otitis media. Caregivers from nuclear families were slightly less knowledgeable regarding lack of immunization and household smoke as risk factors for the disease. There was no correlation between any of the sociodemographic factors and attitudes. However, educated mothers were more likely than illiterate mothers to clean their children's ears of wax on a regular basis with the belief that it would prevent ear disease (p = 0.05). Treatment practices in the community were more or less uniform in that earache was either disregarded (26.4%) or treated with home remedies (67.2%) by most caregivers, while a doctor's opinion was often sought for ear discharge (50%). Parents of higher SES were more likely to use home remedies than those of lower SES (p = 0.008).Sociodemographic factors as well as poor knowledge and attitudes and unhealthy practices with respect to risk factors of otitis media contribute to the high prevalence of otitis media in this rural South Indian community. Health education regarding risk factors and provision of accessible health care is essential to reduce the disease burden.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50264711,"asset_id":3488150,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3058855,"first_name":"Grace","last_name":"Rebekah","domain_name":"cmcvellore","page_name":"GraceRebekah","display_name":"Grace Rebekah","profile_url":"https://cmcvellore.academia.edu/GraceRebekah?f_ri=226330","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3058855/1005698/1909761/s65_grace.rebekah.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7428,"name":"Health Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Education?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":131237,"name":"Cluster Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cluster_Analysis?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":174502,"name":"Incidence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incidence?f_ri=226330"},{"id":189576,"name":"Pediatric","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pediatric?f_ri=226330"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=226330"},{"id":201441,"name":"Caregivers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caregivers?f_ri=226330"},{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status?f_ri=226330"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=226330"},{"id":303598,"name":"Parents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parents?f_ri=226330"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=226330"},{"id":509607,"name":"Otitis Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Otitis_Media?f_ri=226330"},{"id":546421,"name":"Educational Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Status?f_ri=226330"},{"id":584601,"name":"Chi Square Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chi_Square_Distribution?f_ri=226330"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=226330"},{"id":653722,"name":"Rural Community","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Community?f_ri=226330"},{"id":1312021,"name":"Environmental Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Exposure?f_ri=226330"},{"id":2345130,"name":"Socioeconomic Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Factors?f_ri=226330"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=226330"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4180124 coauthored" data-work_id="4180124" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4180124/You_Gotta_Represent_Ethnic_Identity_Development_among_Hispanic_Adolescents">You Gotta Represent¡ Ethnic Identity Development among Hispanic Adolescents</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4180124" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="acda246e8e9a565486a4625fa045040a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49994981,"asset_id":4180124,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49994981/download_file?st=MTczMzAxNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5056564" href="https://utrgv.academia.edu/PatriciaAlvarezMcHatton">Patricia Alvarez McHatton</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5056564" type="text/json">{"id":5056564,"first_name":"Patricia","last_name":"Alvarez McHatton","domain_name":"utrgv","page_name":"PatriciaAlvarezMcHatton","display_name":"Patricia Alvarez McHatton","profile_url":"https://utrgv.academia.edu/PatriciaAlvarezMcHatton?f_ri=226330","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5056564/2204293/2582162/s65_patricia.alvarez_mchatton.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-4180124">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-4180124"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/RatliffMary">Mary Ratliff</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-4180124'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-4180124').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4180124 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4180124"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4180124, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4180124", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4180124 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4180124; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4180124"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4180124 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4180124"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4180124; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4180124]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4180124").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4180124").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4180124"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="931" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interpersonal_Communication">Interpersonal Communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="931" type="text/json">{"id":931,"name":"Interpersonal Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interpersonal_Communication?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12098" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Identity">Ethnic Identity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12098" type="text/json">{"id":12098,"name":"Ethnic Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Identity?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24748" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnicity">Ethnicity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24748" type="text/json">{"id":24748,"name":"Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnicity?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4180124]'), work: {"id":4180124,"title":"You Gotta Represent¡ Ethnic Identity Development among Hispanic Adolescents","created_at":"2013-08-05T22:23:31.290-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4180124/You_Gotta_Represent_Ethnic_Identity_Development_among_Hispanic_Adolescents?f_ri=226330","dom_id":"work_4180124","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49994981,"asset_id":4180124,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5056564,"first_name":"Patricia","last_name":"Alvarez McHatton","domain_name":"utrgv","page_name":"PatriciaAlvarezMcHatton","display_name":"Patricia Alvarez McHatton","profile_url":"https://utrgv.academia.edu/PatriciaAlvarezMcHatton?f_ri=226330","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5056564/2204293/2582162/s65_patricia.alvarez_mchatton.jpg"},{"id":44237690,"first_name":"Mary","last_name":"Ratliff","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RatliffMary","display_name":"Mary Ratliff","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RatliffMary?f_ri=226330","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":931,"name":"Interpersonal Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interpersonal_Communication?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":12098,"name":"Ethnic Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Identity?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":24748,"name":"Ethnicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnicity?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":31468,"name":"Interpersonal Relationship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interpersonal_Relationship?f_ri=226330"},{"id":47268,"name":"Bilingualism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bilingualism?f_ri=226330"},{"id":56990,"name":"Racial discrimination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Racial_discrimination?f_ri=226330"},{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status?f_ri=226330"},{"id":245813,"name":"Multicultural","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multicultural?f_ri=226330"},{"id":371661,"name":"Native Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Native_Language?f_ri=226330"},{"id":862679,"name":"Intelligence quotient","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intelligence_quotient?f_ri=226330"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28562061" data-work_id="28562061" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28562061/Perceived_barriers_and_facilitators_to_dental_treatment_among_female_caregivers_of_children_with_and_without_HIV_and_their_health_care_providers">Perceived barriers and facilitators to dental treatment among female caregivers of children with and without HIV and their health care providers</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study sought to identify barriers and facilitators to dental care among families of predominately low socioeconomic status having children with and without HIV. Twelve focus group sessions with African-American and Hispanic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28562061" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study sought to identify barriers and facilitators to dental care among families of predominately low socioeconomic status having children with and without HIV. Twelve focus group sessions with African-American and Hispanic caregivers and 18 individual semistructured interviews with key informant health care providers were held at two sites: a hospital-based program (HBP) and a dental school-based program (DSBP), that provide pediatric dental services. SPSS Textsmart software was used to analyze qualitative data within and across group types and sites. Focus group participants (n = 72, averaging 6 women per group) included: HIV-seropositive biological mothers of HIV-seropositive children (4 groups); HIV-seronegative caregivers of HIV-seropositive children (4 groups); and Medicaid-eligible, HIV-seronegative caregivers of HIV-seronegative children (4 groups). The most commonly expressed barrier to dental care across groups was poor interpersonal communication between dental staff...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28562061" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="efa7ad901385020cc2fcfd6c97bd1cbe" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48918926,"asset_id":28562061,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48918926/download_file?st=MTczMzAxNjU0OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32913103" href="https://nyu.academia.edu/HillaryBroder">Hillary Broder</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32913103" type="text/json">{"id":32913103,"first_name":"Hillary","last_name":"Broder","domain_name":"nyu","page_name":"HillaryBroder","display_name":"Hillary Broder","profile_url":"https://nyu.academia.edu/HillaryBroder?f_ri=226330","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28562061 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28562061"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28562061, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28562061", }); 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Twelve focus group sessions with African-American and Hispanic caregivers and 18 individual semistructured interviews with key informant health care providers were held at two sites: a hospital-based program (HBP) and a dental school-based program (DSBP), that provide pediatric dental services. SPSS Textsmart software was used to analyze qualitative data within and across group types and sites. Focus group participants (n = 72, averaging 6 women per group) included: HIV-seropositive biological mothers of HIV-seropositive children (4 groups); HIV-seronegative caregivers of HIV-seropositive children (4 groups); and Medicaid-eligible, HIV-seronegative caregivers of HIV-seronegative children (4 groups). 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This study was conducted to profile the first-year student cohort at a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73854542" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Of the challenges facing universities, the need to attract and accommodate students of increasingly varied demographic backgrounds is perhaps one of the most pressing. This study was conducted to profile the first-year student cohort at a new university campus characterised by the non-traditional students typical of a rapidly changing tertiary sector. 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90</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Vários estudos epidemiológicos avaliaram a associação entre saúde bucal e desenvolvimento social. Entretanto, o uso de diferentes variáveis mensurando condição sócio-econômica dificulta a análise comparativa de seus achados. O presente... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48947596" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Vários estudos epidemiológicos avaliaram a associação entre saúde bucal e desenvolvimento social. Entretanto, o uso de diferentes variáveis mensurando condição sócio-econômica dificulta a análise comparativa de seus achados. O presente estudo descreveu as formas mais usadas por estudos recentes de saúde bucal para a classificação de segmentos de população segundo categorias de estratificação social. Foram selecionados 86 artigos publicados em periódicos indexados no MEDLINE, entre 1990 e 2001. Embora esses estudos tenham empregado diferentes estratégias para estratificar a população, ocupação, escolaridade e renda, foram as variáveis mais freqüentemente utilizadas. Diferenciais étnicos, características dos domicílios e das escolas e acesso a bens materiais também foram usadas com freqüência. Foi também observada grande participação de estudos brasileiros sobre diferenciais sócio-econômicos na distribuição de cáries e doença periodontal. O conhecimento das estratégias para a estratif...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48947596" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="412beb1354236c486f7cd9276af8d2e5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67345467,"asset_id":48947596,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67345467/download_file?st=MTczMzAxNjU0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36660684" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DouglasKovaleski">Douglas Kovaleski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36660684" type="text/json">{"id":36660684,"first_name":"Douglas","last_name":"Kovaleski","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DouglasKovaleski","display_name":"Douglas Kovaleski","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DouglasKovaleski?f_ri=226330","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36660684/11401101/12717086/s65_douglas.kovaleski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48947596 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48947596"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48947596, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48947596", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48947596]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48947596").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48947596").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48947596"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8577" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Stratification">Social Stratification</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8577" type="text/json">{"id":8577,"name":"Social Stratification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Stratification?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64987" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Development">Social Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64987" type="text/json">{"id":64987,"name":"Social Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Development?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="74319" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Periodontal_Disease">Periodontal Disease</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="74319" type="text/json">{"id":74319,"name":"Periodontal Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Periodontal_Disease?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="77677" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_health">Oral health</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="77677" type="text/json">{"id":77677,"name":"Oral health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_health?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48947596]'), work: {"id":48947596,"title":"Estratificação sócio-econômica em estudos epidemiológicos de cárie dentária e doenças periodontais: características da produção na década de 90","created_at":"2021-05-17T04:38:21.591-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48947596/Estratifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_s%C3%B3cio_econ%C3%B4mica_em_estudos_epidemiol%C3%B3gicos_de_c%C3%A1rie_dent%C3%A1ria_e_doen%C3%A7as_periodontais_caracter%C3%ADsticas_da_produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o_na_d%C3%A9cada_de_90?f_ri=226330","dom_id":"work_48947596","summary":"Vários estudos epidemiológicos avaliaram a associação entre saúde bucal e desenvolvimento social. 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O conhecimento das estratégias para a estratif...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67345467,"asset_id":48947596,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36660684,"first_name":"Douglas","last_name":"Kovaleski","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DouglasKovaleski","display_name":"Douglas Kovaleski","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DouglasKovaleski?f_ri=226330","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36660684/11401101/12717086/s65_douglas.kovaleski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8577,"name":"Social Stratification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Stratification?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":64987,"name":"Social Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Development?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":74319,"name":"Periodontal Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Periodontal_Disease?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":77677,"name":"Oral health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_health?f_ri=226330","nofollow":false},{"id":152553,"name":"Comparative Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Analysis?f_ri=226330"},{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status?f_ri=226330"},{"id":749302,"name":"Indexation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indexation?f_ri=226330"},{"id":1036777,"name":"Epidemiologic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiologic_Studies?f_ri=226330"},{"id":3699209,"name":"Cadernos de Saude Publica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cadernos_de_Saude_Publica?f_ri=226330"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37119408" data-work_id="37119408" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37119408/Un_an%C3%A1lisis_sociocupacional_para_el_caso_de_las_ocupaciones_TIC">Un análisis sociocupacional para el caso de las ocupaciones TIC</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">El estudio de las ocupaciones TIC se vuelve relevante en la actualidad donde la información y el conocimiento resultan cruciales para el desarrollo económico y social. El cambio tecnológico avanzado requiere de trabajadores altamente... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37119408" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">El estudio de las ocupaciones TIC se vuelve relevante en la actualidad donde la información y el conocimiento resultan cruciales para el desarrollo económico y social. El cambio tecnológico avanzado requiere de trabajadores altamente calificados, capaces de desarrollar las denominadas habilidades del siglo XXI (WEF, 2016). En este contexto<br />el artículo presenta una primera aproximación al análisis de las denominadas ocupaciones en Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) para el caso de Uruguay. Para su caracterización, se realiza una comparación entre los años 2011 (año a partir del cual se cuenta con datos para las ocupaciones TIC en Uruguay), y 2016. Se<br />aplica la escala internacional SES (Socioeconomic Scale de Nam y Powers, 2004), la cual permite realizar análisis más “micro” o individualizado para cada ocupación (Grusky y Ku, 2008). A la vez que se analizan los resultados según componentes atributivos de la desigualdad como la edad y el género. Entre los resultados se identifican mayores niveles de mejora en términos socioeconómicos para las ocupaciones TIC, así como un crecimiento del 12% sobre el<br />total de ocupados. Dichos resultados impactan positivamente en la reducción de las desigualdades etarias. En el caso del género, se observa una correlación de tipo positiva que se debilita al año 2016. Estos resultados muestran la importancia de dar continuidad<br />y seguir profundizando las políticas sociales tanto educativas como laborales, para la promoción del empleo en el sector, sobretodo juvenil. Finalmente, se presentan insumos para la revisión de la clasificación del grupo ocupacional TIC según ISCO, con el objetivo de perfeccionar el análisis a futuro, y adaptarlo a las características del mercado actual.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37119408" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b63342678284c2e0782884a3bb36e352" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57070877,"asset_id":37119408,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57070877/download_file?st=MTczMzAxNjU0OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="58547425" href="https://udelar.academia.edu/SofiaDoccetti">Sofia Doccetti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="58547425" type="text/json">{"id":58547425,"first_name":"Sofia","last_name":"Doccetti","domain_name":"udelar","page_name":"SofiaDoccetti","display_name":"Sofia Doccetti","profile_url":"https://udelar.academia.edu/SofiaDoccetti?f_ri=226330","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/58547425/18372210/18330131/s65_sofia.doccetti.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37119408 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37119408"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37119408, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37119408", }); 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El cambio tecnológico avanzado requiere de trabajadores altamente calificados, capaces de desarrollar las denominadas habilidades del siglo XXI (WEF, 2016). En este contexto\nel artículo presenta una primera aproximación al análisis de las denominadas ocupaciones en Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) para el caso de Uruguay. Para su caracterización, se realiza una comparación entre los años 2011 (año a partir del cual se cuenta con datos para las ocupaciones TIC en Uruguay), y 2016. Se\naplica la escala internacional SES (Socioeconomic Scale de Nam y Powers, 2004), la cual permite realizar análisis más “micro” o individualizado para cada ocupación (Grusky y Ku, 2008). A la vez que se analizan los resultados según componentes atributivos de la desigualdad como la edad y el género. Entre los resultados se identifican mayores niveles de mejora en términos socioeconómicos para las ocupaciones TIC, así como un crecimiento del 12% sobre el\ntotal de ocupados. Dichos resultados impactan positivamente en la reducción de las desigualdades etarias. En el caso del género, se observa una correlación de tipo positiva que se debilita al año 2016. Estos resultados muestran la importancia de dar continuidad\ny seguir profundizando las políticas sociales tanto educativas como laborales, para la promoción del empleo en el sector, sobretodo juvenil. 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