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Basilar part of pons - Wikipedia

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class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:lemonchiffon">Basilar part of pons</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pons_section_at_facial_colliculus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pons_section_at_facial_colliculus.png/250px-Pons_section_at_facial_colliculus.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pons_section_at_facial_colliculus.png/375px-Pons_section_at_facial_colliculus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Pons_section_at_facial_colliculus.png/500px-Pons_section_at_facial_colliculus.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="715" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Brainstem (basilar part of pons not labeled, but is visible at bottom)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Pars basilaris pontis, basis pontis</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/NeuroNames" title="NeuroNames">NeuroNames</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=616">616</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/NeuroLex" title="NeuroLex">NeuroLex</a> ID</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uri.neuinfo.org/nif/nifstd/birnlex_1043">birnlex_1043</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/14.1.05.101%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A14.1.05.101</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=5925">5925</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&amp;conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma72244">72244</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_neuroanatomy" title="Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy">Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">&#91;<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4867297" class="extiw" title="d:Q4867297">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>basilar part of pons</b>, also known as <b>basis pontis</b>, or <b>basilar pons</b>, is the ventral part of the <a href="/wiki/Pons" title="Pons">pons</a> (<b>ventral pons</b>) in the <a href="/wiki/Brainstem" title="Brainstem">brainstem</a>; the dorsal part (dorsal pons) is known as the <a href="/wiki/Pontine_tegmentum" title="Pontine tegmentum">pontine tegmentum</a>. </p><p>The basilar part of the pons makes up two thirds of the pons.<sup id="cite_ref-Johns-2014_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johns-2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It has a ridged appearance with a shallow <a href="/wiki/Sulcus_(neuroanatomy)" title="Sulcus (neuroanatomy)">groove</a> at the midline. This groove is the <a href="/wiki/Basilar_sulcus" title="Basilar sulcus">basilar sulcus</a> and is covered by the <a href="/wiki/Basilar_artery" title="Basilar artery">basilar artery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Michael-Titus-2010_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michael-Titus-2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The basilar artery feeds into the <a href="/wiki/Circle_of_Willis" title="Circle of Willis">circle of Willis</a> providing blood supply to the brainstem and <a href="/wiki/Cerebellum" title="Cerebellum">cerebellum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The ridged appearance is due to the fibers that come out of the pons to enter the cerebellum.<sup id="cite_ref-Michael-Titus-2010_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michael-Titus-2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The basilar pons contains fibers from the <a href="/wiki/Corticospinal_tract" title="Corticospinal tract">corticospinal tract</a> (a descending pathway for neurons to reach other structures in the body), <a href="/wiki/Pontine_nuclei" title="Pontine nuclei">pontine nuclei</a>, and transverse pontine fibers.<sup id="cite_ref-Johns-2014_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johns-2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The corticospinal tract carries fibres from the <a href="/wiki/Primary_motor_cortex" title="Primary motor cortex">primary motor cortex</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Spinal_cord" title="Spinal cord">spinal cord</a>, aiding in voluntary motor movement of the body. In addition to passing through the ventral pons, corticospinal tract fibers go through other structures of the brainstem, including the <a href="/wiki/Internal_capsule" title="Internal capsule">internal capsule</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Crus_cerebri" class="mw-redirect" title="Crus cerebri">crus cerebri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Integral to the basilar pons are the <a href="/wiki/Pontine_nuclei" title="Pontine nuclei">pontine nuclei</a>. The pontine nuclei are responsible for projecting fibers that go to the opposite cerebellar hemisphere through the <a href="/wiki/Middle_cerebellar_peduncle" title="Middle cerebellar peduncle">middle cerebellar peduncle</a>, changing the fibers into transverse pontine fibers. <sup id="cite_ref-Johns-2014_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johns-2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The fibers of the pontine nuclei are all important to motor function, including fiber bundles such as the corticospinal fibers and corticopontine-pontocerebellar system.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Specifically, the basilar part of the pons contains all the <b>corticofugal fibers</b>, which include the <a href="/wiki/Corticospinal_tract" title="Corticospinal tract">corticospinal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corticobulbar_tract" title="Corticobulbar tract">corticobulbar </a> (or corticonuclear), and <a href="/wiki/Corticopontine_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Corticopontine tract">corticopontine fibers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The basal pontine nuclei provides most of the cortical information to the cerebellum received from the corticopontine fibers.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilar_part_of_pons&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tissue death (infarction), in this region can impair motor functioning.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15128614_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15128614-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Lacunar_stroke" title="Lacunar stroke">lacunar stroke</a> of the base of the pons is known to cause contralateral <a href="/wiki/Lacunar_stroke#Signs_and_symptoms" title="Lacunar stroke">dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrome</a>. </p><p>The basilar pons undergoes <a href="/wiki/Demyelination" class="mw-redirect" title="Demyelination">demyelination</a> in the condition known as <a href="/wiki/Central_pontine_myelinolysis" title="Central pontine myelinolysis">central pontine myelinolysis</a>. This disorder is due to the rapid intravenous correction of <a href="/wiki/Hyponatremia" title="Hyponatremia">hyponatremia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilar_part_of_pons&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/anatomyofhumanbo1918gray#page/785/mode/2up">page 785</a> of&#160;the 20th edition of</i> <a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray&#39;s Anatomy">Gray's Anatomy</a> <i>(1918)</i> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Johns-2014-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Johns-2014_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johns-2014_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johns-2014_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJohns2014" class="citation book cs1">Johns, P. (2014). <i>Clinical Neuroscience</i>. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp.&#160;27–47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Clinical+Neuroscience&amp;rft.pages=27-47&amp;rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.aulast=Johns&amp;rft.aufirst=P.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABasilar+part+of+pons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Michael-Titus-2010-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Michael-Titus-2010_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Michael-Titus-2010_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael-Titus2010" class="citation book cs1">Michael-Titus, A. (2010). <i>The Nervous System: Second Edition</i>. 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StatPearls Publishing. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29083786">29083786</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Anatomy%2C+Head+and+Neck%2C+Basilar+Artery&amp;rft.pub=StatPearls+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2020&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29083786&amp;rft.aulast=Adigun&amp;rft.aufirst=O.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABasilar+part+of+pons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGould2016" class="citation book cs1">Gould, D.J. (2016). <i>Nolte's the Human Brain: An Introduction to its Functional Anatomy</i>. Elsevier Health Sciences.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Nolte%27s+the+Human+Brain%3A+An+Introduction+to+its+Functional+Anatomy&amp;rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.aulast=Gould&amp;rft.aufirst=D.J.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABasilar+part+of+pons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMihailoffHaines2018" class="citation cs2">Mihailoff, G.A.; Haines, D.E. (2018), "The Pons and Cerebellum", <i>Fundamental Neuroscience for Basic and Clinical Applications</i>, Elsevier, pp.&#160;172–182, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-0-323-39632-5.00012-8">10.1016/b978-0-323-39632-5.00012-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-323-39632-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-323-39632-5"><bdi>978-0-323-39632-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Fundamental+Neuroscience+for+Basic+and+Clinical+Applications&amp;rft.atitle=The+Pons+and+Cerebellum&amp;rft.pages=172-182&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fb978-0-323-39632-5.00012-8&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-323-39632-5&amp;rft.aulast=Mihailoff&amp;rft.aufirst=G.A.&amp;rft.au=Haines%2C+D.E.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABasilar+part+of+pons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nba.uth.tmc.edu/neuroanatomy/L9/Lab09p05_index.html">"The Corticospinal Pathway--Pons"</a>. <i>Neuroanatomy Online</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Neuroanatomy+Online&amp;rft.atitle=The+Corticospinal+Pathway--Pons&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnba.uth.tmc.edu%2Fneuroanatomy%2FL9%2FLab09p05_index.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABasilar+part+of+pons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmahmannPandya1995" class="citation journal cs1">Schmahmann, Jeremy D.; Pandya, Deepak N. (October 1995). "Prefrontal cortex projections to the basilar pons in rhesus monkey: implications for the cerebellar contribution to higher function". <i>Neuroscience Letters</i>. <b>199</b> (3): 175–178. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0304-3940%2895%2912056-A">10.1016/0304-3940(95)12056-A</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8577391">8577391</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:42572383">42572383</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Neuroscience+Letters&amp;rft.atitle=Prefrontal+cortex+projections+to+the+basilar+pons+in+rhesus+monkey%3A+implications+for+the+cerebellar+contribution+to+higher+function&amp;rft.volume=199&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=175-178&amp;rft.date=1995-10&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A42572383%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8577391&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0304-3940%2895%2912056-A&amp;rft.aulast=Schmahmann&amp;rft.aufirst=Jeremy+D.&amp;rft.au=Pandya%2C+Deepak+N.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABasilar+part+of+pons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid15128614-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid15128614_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmahmannKoMacMore2004" class="citation journal cs1">Schmahmann JD, Ko R, MacMore J (June 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbrain%2Fawh138">"The human basis pontis: motor syndromes and topographic organization"</a>. <i>Brain</i>. <b>127</b> (Pt 6): 1269–91. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbrain%2Fawh138">10.1093/brain/awh138</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15128614">15128614</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Brain&amp;rft.atitle=The+human+basis+pontis%3A+motor+syndromes+and+topographic+organization&amp;rft.volume=127&amp;rft.issue=Pt+6&amp;rft.pages=1269-91&amp;rft.date=2004-06&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fbrain%2Fawh138&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15128614&amp;rft.aulast=Schmahmann&amp;rft.aufirst=JD&amp;rft.au=Ko%2C+R&amp;rft.au=MacMore%2C+J&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fbrain%252Fawh138&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABasilar+part+of+pons" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basilar_part_of_pons&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080221222726/http://isc.temple.edu/neuroanatomy/lab/atlas/pmjdc/">https://web.archive.org/web/20080221222726/http://isc.temple.edu/neuroanatomy/lab/atlas/pmjdc/</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080602013108/http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/cns1/cns1140.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20080602013108/http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/cns1/cns1140.htm</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080829001215/http://isc.temple.edu/neuroanatomy/lab/atlas/panfc/">https://web.archive.org/web/20080829001215/http://isc.temple.edu/neuroanatomy/lab/atlas/panfc/</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080526141946/http://www.sci.uidaho.edu/med532/pons.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20080526141946/http://www.sci.uidaho.edu/med532/pons.htm</a></li></ul> <div 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anatomy_of_the_pons" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pons" title="Template:Pons"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pons" title="Template talk:Pons"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pons" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pons"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anatomy_of_the_pons" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Anatomy of the <a href="/wiki/Pons" title="Pons">pons</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dorsal/<br />(<a href="/wiki/Pontine_tegmentum" title="Pontine tegmentum">tegmentum</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Surface" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surface</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cerebellopontine_angle" title="Cerebellopontine angle">Cerebellopontine angle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_medullary_velum" title="Superior medullary velum">Superior medullary velum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulcus_limitans" title="Sulcus limitans">Sulcus limitans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medial_eminence_of_floor_of_fourth_ventricle" title="Medial eminence of floor of fourth ventricle">Medial eminence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facial_colliculus" title="Facial colliculus">Facial colliculus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_matter" title="White matter">White</a>: Sensory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trapezoid_body" title="Trapezoid body">Trapezoid body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigeminal_lemniscus" title="Trigeminal lemniscus">Trigeminal lemniscus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_trigeminal_tract" title="Dorsal trigeminal tract">Dorsal trigeminal tract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_trigeminothalamic_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterior trigeminothalamic tract">Ventral trigeminal tract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medial_lemniscus" title="Medial lemniscus">Medial lemniscus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_lemniscus" title="Lateral lemniscus">Lateral lemniscus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_tegmental_tract" title="Central tegmental tract">Central tegmental tract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus" title="Medial longitudinal fasciculus">Medial longitudinal fasciculus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vestibulo-oculomotor_fibers" title="Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers">Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_matter" title="White matter">White</a>: Motor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_cerebellar_peduncle" title="Inferior cerebellar peduncle">Inferior cerebellar peduncle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vestibulocerebellar_tract" title="Vestibulocerebellar tract">Vestibulocerebellar tract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus" title="Medial longitudinal fasciculus">Medial longitudinal fasciculus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vestibulospinal_tract" title="Vestibulospinal tract">Vestibulospinal tract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medial_vestibulospinal_tract" title="Medial vestibulospinal tract">Medial vestibulospinal tract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_vestibulospinal_tract" title="Lateral vestibulospinal tract">Lateral vestibulospinal tract</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grey_matter" title="Grey matter">Grey</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cranial_nerve_nucleus" title="Cranial nerve nucleus">Cranial nuclei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>afferent:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_somatic_afferent_fibers" class="mw-redirect" title="General somatic afferent fibers">GSA</a> <ul><li>Trigeminal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principal_sensory_nucleus_of_trigeminal_nerve" title="Principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve">Principal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_trigeminal_nucleus" title="Spinal trigeminal nucleus">Spinal</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochlear_nucleus" title="Cochlear nucleus">Cochlear nucleus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_cochlear_nucleus" title="Dorsal cochlear nucleus">Dorsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_cochlear_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterior cochlear nucleus">Anterior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestibular_nuclei" title="Vestibular nuclei">Vestibular nuclei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_vestibular_nucleus" title="Superior vestibular nucleus">Superior</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>efferent:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_visceral_efferent" class="mw-redirect" title="Special visceral efferent">SVE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Trigeminal_motor_nucleus" title="Trigeminal motor nucleus">Trigeminal motor nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facial_motor_nucleus" title="Facial motor nucleus">Facial motor nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_somatic_efferent_fibers" class="mw-redirect" title="General somatic efferent fibers">GSE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abducens_nucleus" title="Abducens nucleus">Abducens nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_visceral_efferent_fibers" class="mw-redirect" title="General visceral efferent fibers">GVE</a>: <a href="/wiki/Superior_salivary_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior salivary nucleus">Superior salivary nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_salivary_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior salivary nucleus">Inferior salivary nucleus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grey: Other nuclei</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedunculopontine_nucleus" title="Pedunculopontine nucleus">Pedunculopontine nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apneustic_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Apneustic center">Apneustic center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumotaxic_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Pneumotaxic center">Pneumotaxic center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parabrachial_nuclei" title="Parabrachial nuclei">Parabrachial nuclei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subparabrachial_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Subparabrachial nucleus">Subparabrachial nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medial_parabrachial_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Medial parabrachial nucleus">Medial parabrachial nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_parabrachial_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateral parabrachial nucleus">Lateral parabrachial nucleus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_olivary_complex" title="Superior olivary complex">Superior olivary nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_coeruleus" title="Locus coeruleus">Locus coeruleus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ventral/<br />(<a class="mw-selflink selflink">base</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grey_matter" title="Grey matter">Grey</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontine_nuclei" title="Pontine nuclei">Pontine nuclei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_matter" title="White matter">White</a>: Motor/descending</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyramidal_tracts" title="Pyramidal tracts">Corticospinal tract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corticobulbar_tract" title="Corticobulbar tract">Corticobulbar tract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corticopontine_fibers" title="Corticopontine fibers">Corticopontine fibers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_cerebellar_peduncle" title="Middle cerebellar peduncle">MCP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontocerebellar_fibers" title="Pontocerebellar fibers">Pontocerebellar fibers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surface</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilar_sulcus" title="Basilar sulcus">Basilar sulcus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other grey: Raphe/<br />reticular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reticular_formation" title="Reticular formation">Reticular formation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caudal_pontine_reticular_nucleus" title="Caudal pontine reticular nucleus">Caudal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_pontine_reticular_nucleus" title="Oral pontine reticular nucleus">Oral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegmental_pontine_reticular_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tegmental pontine reticular nucleus">Tegmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramedian_pontine_reticular_formation" title="Paramedian pontine reticular formation">Paramedian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphe_nuclei" title="Raphe nuclei">Raphe nuclei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Median_raphe_nucleus" title="Median raphe nucleus">Median</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Anatomy_posture_and_body_mechanics_08.jpg/18px-Anatomy_posture_and_body_mechanics_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Anatomy_posture_and_body_mechanics_08.jpg/24px-Anatomy_posture_and_body_mechanics_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="653" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Anatomy" title="Portal:Anatomy">Anatomy</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4867297#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" 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