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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Legend</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legend-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legend subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legend-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Sword_in_the_Stone_and_the_Sword_in_the_Lake" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Sword_in_the_Stone_and_the_Sword_in_the_Lake"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>The Sword in the Stone and the Sword in the Lake</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Sword_in_the_Stone_and_the_Sword_in_the_Lake-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_roles_and_attributes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_roles_and_attributes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Other roles and attributes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_roles_and_attributes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Connections_and_analogues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Connections_and_analogues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Connections and analogues</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Connections_and_analogues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Connections and analogues subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Connections_and_analogues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Similar_weapons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similar_weapons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Similar weapons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similar_weapons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arthur's_other_weapons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arthur's_other_weapons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Arthur's other weapons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arthur's_other_weapons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Excalibur_as_a_relic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Excalibur_as_a_relic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Excalibur as a relic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Excalibur_as_a_relic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Excalibur</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="إكسكاليبر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إكسكاليبر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80" title="Экскалібур – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Экскалібур" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80" title="Экскалібур – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Экскалібур" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80" title="Екскалибур – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Екскалибур" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaledvoulc%27h" title="Kaledvoulc'h – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kaledvoulc'h" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exc%C3%A0libur" title="Excàlibur – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Excàlibur" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Excalibur" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caledfwlch" title="Caledfwlch – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Caledfwlch" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Excalibur" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Excalibur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Excalibur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BE%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Εξκάλιμπερ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εξκάλιμπερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exc%C3%A1libur" title="Excálibur – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Excálibur" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekskaliburo" title="Ekskaliburo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ekskaliburo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Excalibur" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1" title="اکس‌کالیبور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اکس‌کالیبور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Excalibur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Excalibur" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Excalibur" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%91%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%BC%EB%A6%AC%EB%B2%84" title="엑스칼리버 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="엑스칼리버" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80" title="Էքսկալիբուր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էքսկալիբուր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Excalibur" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exkalibur" title="Exkalibur – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Exkalibur" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Excalibur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Excalibur" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8" title="אקסקליבר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אקסקליבר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliburnus" title="Caliburnus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Caliburnus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur_(kard)" title="Excalibur (kard) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Excalibur (kard)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80" title="Екскалибур – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Екскалибур" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Excalibur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Excalibur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC" title="エクスカリバー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エクスカリバー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Excalibur" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Excalibur" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Excalibur" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80" title="Экскалибур – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Экскалибур" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Excalibur" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekskaliburi" title="Ekskaliburi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ekskaliburi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Excalibur" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur_(me%C4%8D)" title="Excalibur (meč) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Excalibur (meč)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Excalibur" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80" title="Екскалибур – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Екскалибур" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Excalibur" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Excalibur" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Excalibur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เอกซ์แคลิเบอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอกซ์แคลิเบอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekskalibur" title="Ekskalibur – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ekskalibur" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80" title="Екскалібур – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Екскалібур" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Excalibur" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Excalibur" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E8%80%85%E4%B9%8B%E5%8A%8D" title="王者之劍 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="王者之劍" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clarent&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarent">Clarent</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Legendary sword of King Arthur</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Excalibur_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Excalibur (disambiguation)">Excalibur (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #DEDEE2;">Excalibur</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Matter of Britain</a></i> element</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Arthur-Pyle_Excalibur_the_Sword.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Arthur-Pyle_Excalibur_the_Sword.JPG/220px-Arthur-Pyle_Excalibur_the_Sword.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Arthur-Pyle_Excalibur_the_Sword.JPG/330px-Arthur-Pyle_Excalibur_the_Sword.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Arthur-Pyle_Excalibur_the_Sword.JPG/440px-Arthur-Pyle_Excalibur_the_Sword.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1188" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>Excalibur the Sword</i> by <a href="/wiki/Howard_Pyle" title="Howard Pyle">Howard Pyle</a> (1903)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #DEDEE2;">In-universe information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Legendary_sword" class="mw-redirect" title="Legendary sword">Legendary sword</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owners</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merlin" title="Merlin">Merlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lady_of_the_Lake" title="Lady of the Lake">Lady of the Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morgan_le_Fay" title="Morgan le Fay">Morgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bedivere" title="Bedivere">Bedivere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Griflet" class="mw-redirect" title="Griflet">Griflet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gawain" title="Gawain">Gawain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Function</th><td class="infobox-data">Proof of Arthur's <a href="/wiki/Divine_right_of_kings" title="Divine right of kings">divine right</a>, magic weapon, ritual item</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Avalon" title="Avalon">Avalon</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Excalibur</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Legendary_swords" class="mw-redirect" title="Legendary swords">mythical sword</a> of <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a> that may <a href="/wiki/Magic_sword" title="Magic sword">possess magical powers</a> or be associated with the rightful <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> of Britain. Its first reliably datable appearance is found in <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Geoffrey of Monmouth">Geoffrey of Monmouth</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae" title="Historia Regum Britanniae">Historia Regum Britanniae</a></i>. Excalibur as the "sword in the stone" functioning as the proof of <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur%27s_family" title="King Arthur's family">Arthur's lineage</a> is an iconic motif featured throughout most works dealing with Arthur's youth since its introduction in <a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Boron" title="Robert de Boron">Robert de Boron</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Merlin_(Robert_de_Boron_poem)" title="Merlin (Robert de Boron poem)"><i>Merlin</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sword given to the young Arthur by the <a href="/wiki/Lady_of_the_Lake" title="Lady of the Lake">Lady of the Lake</a> in the tradition that began soon afterwards with the <i><a href="/wiki/Post-Vulgate_Cycle" title="Post-Vulgate Cycle">Post-Vulgate Cycle</a></i> is not the same weapon, but in <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Morte_d%27Arthur" title="Le Morte d'Arthur">Le Morte d'Arthur</a></i> both of them share the name of Excalibur. Several similar swords and other weapons also appear within Arthurian texts, as well as in other legends. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forms_and_etymology">Forms and etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Excalibur&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Forms and etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>Excalibur</i> ultimately derives from the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy"><b>Caledfwlch</b></i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a> <span title="Breton-language text"><i lang="br"><b>Kaledvoulc'h</b></i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_Cornish" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Cornish">Middle Cornish</a> <span title="Middle Cornish-language text"><i lang="cnx"><b>Calesvol</b></i></span>), which is a <a href="/wiki/Compound_(linguistics)" title="Compound (linguistics)">compound</a> of <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">caled</i></span>, <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">hard</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>, and <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">bwlch</i></span>, <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">breach, cleft</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBromwichSimon_Evans199264–65_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBromwichSimon_Evans199264–65-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caledfwlch appears in several early Welsh works, including the prose tale <i><a href="/wiki/Culhwch_and_Olwen" title="Culhwch and Olwen">Culhwch and Olwen</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 11th–12th century</span>). The name was later used in Welsh adaptations of foreign material such as the <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Brut</i></span>s (chronicles), which were based on <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Geoffrey of Monmouth">Geoffrey of Monmouth</a>. It is often considered to be related to the phonetically similar <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy"><a href="/wiki/Caladbolg" title="Caladbolg">Caladbolg</a></i></span>, a sword borne by several figures from <a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish mythology</a>, although a borrowing of <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Caledfwlch</i></span> from the Irish <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Caladbolg</i></span> has been considered unlikely by <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Bromwich" title="Rachel Bromwich">Rachel Bromwich</a> and D. Simon Evans. They suggest instead that both names "may have similarly arisen at a very early date as generic names for a sword".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBromwichSimon_Evans199264–65_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBromwichSimon_Evans199264–65-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen2007156_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen2007156-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 15th to early 16th-century Middle Cornish play <span title="Middle Cornish-language text"><i lang="cnx"><a href="/wiki/Beunans_Ke" class="mw-redirect" title="Beunans Ke">Beunans Ke</a></i></span>, Arthur's sword is called <span title="Middle Cornish-language text"><i lang="cnx">Calesvol</i></span>, which is etymologically an exact Middle Cornish cognate of the Welsh <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Caledfwlch</i></span>. It is unclear if the name was borrowed from the Welsh (if so, it must have been an early loan, for phonological reasons), or represents an early, <a href="/wiki/Common_Brittonic" title="Common Brittonic">pan-Brittonic</a> traditional name for Arthur's sword.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Welsh author Geoffrey of Monmouth, in his Latin chronicle <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae" title="Historia Regum Britanniae">Historia Regum Britanniae</a></i></span> (<i>The History of the Kings of Britain</i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1136</span>), <a href="/wiki/Latinisation_(literature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinisation (literature)">Latinised</a> the name of Arthur's sword as <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><b>Caliburnus</b></i></span> (possibly influenced by the Medieval Latin spelling <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">calibs</i></span> of <a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin" title="Classical Latin">Classical Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">chalybs</i></span>, from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">chályps</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">χάλυψ</span></span>), <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">steel</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>). Most Celticists consider Geoffrey's <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Caliburnus</i></span> to be derivative of a <a href="/wiki/Lost_literary_work" title="Lost literary work">lost</a> <a href="/wiki/Old_Welsh" title="Old Welsh">Old Welsh</a> text in which <span title="Old Welsh-language text"><i lang="owl">bwlch</i></span> (Old Welsh <span title="Old Welsh-language text"><i lang="owl">bulc[h]</i></span>) had not yet been <a href="/wiki/Lenition" title="Lenition">lenited</a> to <span title="Middle Welsh-language text"><i lang="wlm">fwlch</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Middle_Welsh" title="Middle Welsh">Middle Welsh</a> <span title="Middle Welsh-language text"><i lang="wlm">vwlch</i></span> or <span title="Middle Welsh-language text"><i lang="wlm">uwlch</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFord1983271_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFord1983271-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacKillop199864–65,_174_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacKillop199864–65,_174-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBromwichSimon_Evans199264–65_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBromwichSimon_Evans199264–65-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Gaimar" title="Geoffrey Gaimar">Geoffrey Gaimar</a>, in his <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> chronicle <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro"><a href="/wiki/Estoire_des_Engleis" title="Estoire des Engleis">Estoire des Engleis</a></i></span> (1134–1140), mentions Arthur and his sword: "this Constantine was the nephew of Arthur, who had the sword <b>Caliburc</b>" ("<span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">Cil Costentin, li niès Artur, Ki out l'espée Caliburc</i></span>").<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Wace" title="Wace">Wace</a>'s <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro"><a href="/wiki/Roman_de_Brut" title="Roman de Brut">Roman de Brut</a></i></span> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1150–1155</span>), composed in Old French, the sword is called <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro"><b>Caliburn</b></i></span> (<span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">Chaliburne</i></span>, <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">Caliburne</i></span>, <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">Calibuerne</i></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro"><b>Calabrum</b></i></span>, <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro"><b>Callibourc</b></i></span>, <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro"><b>Calabrun</b></i></span>, <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">Chalabrun</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro"><b>Escalibor</b></i></span> (with additional variant spellings such as <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">Chalabrum</i></span>, <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">Calibore</i></span>, <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">Callibor</i></span>, <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">Caliborne</i></span>, <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">Calliborc</i></span>, <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">Escallibore</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> found in various continental manuscripts).<sup id="cite_ref-lerouxde_lincy1838_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lerouxde_lincy1838-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zimmer1890_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zimmer1890-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various other spellings in the later medieval Arthurian literature have included <i>Calibourch</i>, <i>Calibourn</i>, <i>Calibourne</i>, <i>Caliburc</i>, <i>Escaliber</i>, <i>Escalibur</i>, <i>Excalibor</i>, and finally the familiar <i>Excalibur</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legend">Legend</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Excalibur&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legend"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Sword_in_the_Stone_and_the_Sword_in_the_Lake">The Sword in the Stone and the Sword in the Lake</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Excalibur&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Sword in the Stone and the Sword in the Lake"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:414px;max-width:414px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:208px;max-width:208px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:An_island_story;_a_child%27s_history_of_England_(1906)_(14801002423).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/An_island_story%3B_a_child%27s_history_of_England_%281906%29_%2814801002423%29.jpg/250px-An_island_story%3B_a_child%27s_history_of_England_%281906%29_%2814801002423%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="206" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/An_island_story%3B_a_child%27s_history_of_England_%281906%29_%2814801002423%29.jpg/330px-An_island_story%3B_a_child%27s_history_of_England_%281906%29_%2814801002423%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/An_island_story%3B_a_child%27s_history_of_England_%281906%29_%2814801002423%29.jpg/500px-An_island_story%3B_a_child%27s_history_of_England_%281906%29_%2814801002423%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2289" data-file-height="3103" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Arthur draws the sword from the stone in <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Elizabeth_Marshall" title="Henrietta Elizabeth Marshall">Henrietta Elizabeth Marshall</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Our_Island_Story" title="Our Island Story">Our Island Story</a></i> (1906). Here, as in many more modern depictions of this scene, there is no anvil and the sword is lodged directly within the stone itself</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CRANE_King_Arthur_asks_the_lady_of_the_lake_for_the_sword_Excalibur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/CRANE_King_Arthur_asks_the_lady_of_the_lake_for_the_sword_Excalibur.jpg/250px-CRANE_King_Arthur_asks_the_lady_of_the_lake_for_the_sword_Excalibur.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/CRANE_King_Arthur_asks_the_lady_of_the_lake_for_the_sword_Excalibur.jpg/330px-CRANE_King_Arthur_asks_the_lady_of_the_lake_for_the_sword_Excalibur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/CRANE_King_Arthur_asks_the_lady_of_the_lake_for_the_sword_Excalibur.jpg/500px-CRANE_King_Arthur_asks_the_lady_of_the_lake_for_the_sword_Excalibur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1355" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">"King Arthur asks the Lady of the Lake for the sword Excalibur". <a href="/wiki/Walter_Crane" title="Walter Crane">Walter Crane</a>'s illustration for <a href="/wiki/Henry_Gilbert_(author)" title="Henry Gilbert (author)">Henry Gilbert</a>'s <i>King Arthur's Knights: The Tales Retold for Boys and Girls</i> (1911)</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Romance tradition elaborates on how Arthur came into possession of Excalibur. In <a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Boron" title="Robert de Boron">Robert de Boron's</a> c. 1200 French poem <i><a href="/wiki/Merlin_(Robert_de_Boron_poem)" title="Merlin (Robert de Boron poem)">Merlin</a></i>, the first known tale to mention the "sword in the stone" motif, Arthur obtained the British throne by pulling a sword from an anvil sitting atop a stone that appeared in a churchyard on Christmas Eve.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this account, as foretold by <a href="/wiki/Merlin" title="Merlin">Merlin</a>, the act could not be performed except by "the true king", meaning the <a href="/wiki/Divine_right_of_kings" title="Divine right of kings">divinely appointed king</a> or true heir of <a href="/wiki/Uther_Pendragon" title="Uther Pendragon">Uther Pendragon</a>. (As <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Malory" title="Thomas Malory">Thomas Malory</a> related in his English-language Arthurian compilation, the 15th-century <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Morte_d%27Arthur" title="Le Morte d'Arthur">Le Morte d'Arthur</a></i>, "whoso pulleth out this sword of this stone and anvil, is rightwise king born of all England."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) The scene is set by different authors at either explicitly London (historical <a href="/wiki/Londinium" title="Londinium">Londinium</a>) or generally in the land of <a href="/wiki/Logres" title="Logres">Logres</a> (which can be a city and also associated with London<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), and might have been inspired by a miracle attributed to the 11th-century bishop <a href="/wiki/Wulfstan_(died_1095)" title="Wulfstan (died 1095)">Wulfstan of Worcester</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After many of the gathered nobles try and fail to complete Merlin's challenge, the teenage Arthur, who up to this point had believed himself to be biological son of <a href="/wiki/Sir_Ector" title="Sir Ector">Ector</a> and went there as a squire to his foster brother <a href="/wiki/Sir_Kay" title="Sir Kay">Kay</a>, succeeds effortlessly. Arthur first achieves this feat by accident while unaware of the contest and unseen. He then returns the sword to its place in the anvil on a stone, and later repeats the act publicly as Merlin comes to announce his true parentage. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dozmary_Pool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1570107.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Dozmary_Pool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1570107.jpg/220px-Dozmary_Pool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1570107.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Dozmary_Pool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1570107.jpg/330px-Dozmary_Pool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1570107.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Dozmary_Pool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1570107.jpg/440px-Dozmary_Pool_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1570107.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dozmary_Pool" title="Dozmary Pool">Dozmary Pool</a>, a lake in Cornwall associated with the legend of Excalibur due to its proximity to <a href="/wiki/Slaughterbridge" title="Slaughterbridge">Slaughterbridge</a>, a potential location of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camlann" title="Battle of Camlann">Battle of Camlann</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The identity of this sword as Excalibur is made explicit in the Prose <i>Merlin</i>, a part of the 13th-century <i><a href="/wiki/Lancelot-Grail" title="Lancelot-Grail">Lancelot-Grail</a></i> cycle of French romances also known as the <a href="/wiki/Vulgate_Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulgate Cycle">Vulgate Cycle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually, in the cycle's finale Vulgate <i>Mort Artu</i>, when Arthur is at the brink of death, he enigmatically orders his surviving knight <a href="/wiki/Griflet" class="mw-redirect" title="Griflet">Griflet</a> to cast Excalibur into a nearby lake. After two failed attempts to deceive Arthur, since Griflet felt that such a great sword should not be thrown away, he finally does comply with the wounded king's request. A woman's hand emerges from the lake to catch Excalibur, after which <a href="/wiki/Morgan_le_Fay" title="Morgan le Fay">Morgan</a> appears in a boat to take Arthur to <a href="/wiki/Avalon" title="Avalon">Avalon</a>. This motif then became attached to <a href="/wiki/Bedivere" title="Bedivere">Bedivere</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Yvain" class="mw-redirect" title="Yvain">Yvain</a> in the chronicle <i><a href="/wiki/Scalacronica" title="Scalacronica">Scalacronica</a></i>), instead of Griflet, in the English Arthurian tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELacy1996_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELacy1996-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, in the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Post-Vulgate_Cycle" title="Post-Vulgate Cycle">Post-Vulgate Cycle</a> variants of the <i>Merlin</i> and the <i>Merlin Continuation</i>, written soon afterwards, Arthur's sword drawn from the stone is unnamed. Furthermore, the young Arthur promptly breaks it in his duel against King <a href="/wiki/Pellinore" class="mw-redirect" title="Pellinore">Pellinore</a> very early in his reign. On Merlin's advice, Arthur then goes with him to be given the actual Excalibur by a <a href="/wiki/Lady_of_the_Lake" title="Lady of the Lake">Lady of the Lake</a> in exchange for a later boon for her (some time later, she arrives at Arthur's court to demand the head of <a href="/wiki/Sir_Balin" title="Sir Balin">Balin</a>). In the Post-Vulgate <i>Mort Artu</i>, it is this sword that is eventually hurled into the pool <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camlann" title="Battle of Camlann">at Camlann</a> (or actually <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Plain" title="Salisbury Plain">Salisbury Plain</a> where both cycles locate the battle, as do the English romances) by Griflet in the same circumstances as told in the story's Vulgate version. Malory included both of these stories in his now-iconic <i>Le Morte d'Arthur</i> while naming each of the swords as Excalibur: both the first one (from the stone), soon shattered in combat in a story taken from the Post-Vulgate <i>Merlin Continuation</i>, and its replacement (from the lake), returned by Bedivere in the end.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalory1997[httpquodlibumicheduccmeMaloryWks212rgndiv1viewfulltext_7]_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalory1997[httpquodlibumicheduccmeMaloryWks212rgndiv1viewfulltext_7]-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalory1997[httpquodlibumicheduccmeMaloryWks2137rgndiv2viewfulltext_46]_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalory1997[httpquodlibumicheduccmeMaloryWks2137rgndiv2viewfulltext_46]-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_roles_and_attributes">Other roles and attributes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Excalibur&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other roles and attributes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Welsh tales, Arthur's sword is known as <i>Caledfwlch</i>. In <i>Culhwch and Olwen</i>, it is one of Arthur's most valuable possessions and is used by Arthur's warrior <a href="/wiki/Llenlleawg" class="mw-redirect" title="Llenlleawg">Llenlleawg</a> the Irishman to kill the Irish king Diwrnach while stealing his magical cauldron. Though not named as Caledfwlch, Arthur's sword is described vividly in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dream_of_Rhonabwy" title="The Dream of Rhonabwy">The Dream of Rhonabwy</a></i>, one of the tales associated with the <i><a href="/wiki/Mabinogion" title="Mabinogion">Mabinogion</a></i> (as translated by Jeffrey Gantz): "Then they heard <a href="/wiki/Cador" title="Cador">Cadwr Earl of Cornwall</a> being summoned, and saw him rise with Arthur's sword in his hand, with a design of two <a href="/wiki/Chimera_(mythology)" title="Chimera (mythology)">chimeras</a> on the golden hilt; when the sword was unsheathed what was seen from the mouths of the two chimeras was like two flames of fire, so dreadful that it was not easy for anyone to look."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGantz1987184_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGantz1987184-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Geoffrey's <i>Historia</i> is the first non-Welsh text to speak of the sword. Geoffrey says the sword was forged in Avalon and Latinises the name Caledfwlch as <i>Caliburnus</i>. When his influential pseudo-history made it to continental Europe, writers altered the name further until it finally took on the popular form <i>Excalibur</i>. Its role was expanded upon in the Vulgate Cycle and in the Post-Vulgate Cycle which emerged in its wake. Both of these prose cycles incorporated the Prose <i>Merlin</i>. However, the Post-Vulgate authors left out the original <i>Merlin</i> continuation from the earlier cycle, choosing to add an original account of Arthur's early days including a new origin for Excalibur. In some versions, Excalibur's blade was engraved with phrases on opposite sides: "Take me up" and "Cast me away" (or similar). In addition, it said that when Excalibur was first drawn in combat, in the first battle testing Arthur's sovereignty, its blade shone so bright it blinded his enemies.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Troyes" title="Chrétien de Troyes">Chrétien de Troyes</a>' late 12th-century Old French <a href="/wiki/Perceval,_the_Story_of_the_Grail" title="Perceval, the Story of the Grail"><i>Perceval</i></a>, Arthur's nephew and best knight <a href="/wiki/Gawain" title="Gawain">Gawain</a> carries Excalibur, "for at his belt hung Escalibor, the finest sword that there was, which sliced through iron as through wood"<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ("<span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">Qu'il avoit cainte Escalibor, la meillor espee qui fust, qu'ele trenche fer come fust</i></span>"<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). This statement was probably picked up by the author of the <i>Estoire Merlin</i>, or Vulgate <i>Merlin</i>, where the author asserts that Escalibor "is a <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> name which means in French 'cuts iron, steel, and wood<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ("<span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">c'est non Ebrieu qui dist en franchois trenche fer & achier et fust</i></span>"; the word for 'steel' here, <i>achier</i>, also means 'blade' or 'sword') and comes from medieval Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">aciarium</i></span>, a derivative of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">acies</i></span> 'sharp', so there is no direct connection with Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">chalybs</i></span>). It is from this fanciful etymological musing that Thomas Malory got the notion that Excalibur meant 'cut steel'<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span style="padding-right:.15em;">"</span>'<i>the name of it,' said the lady, 'is Excalibur, that is as moche to say, as cut stele</i><span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arthur-Pyle_Queen_Morgana_loses_Excalibur_His_Sheath.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Arthur-Pyle_Queen_Morgana_loses_Excalibur_His_Sheath.JPG/240px-Arthur-Pyle_Queen_Morgana_loses_Excalibur_His_Sheath.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Arthur-Pyle_Queen_Morgana_loses_Excalibur_His_Sheath.JPG/360px-Arthur-Pyle_Queen_Morgana_loses_Excalibur_His_Sheath.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Arthur-Pyle_Queen_Morgana_loses_Excalibur_His_Sheath.JPG/480px-Arthur-Pyle_Queen_Morgana_loses_Excalibur_His_Sheath.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1271" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>"Queen Morgana Loses Excalibur His Sheath." <a href="/wiki/Howard_Pyle" title="Howard Pyle">Howard Pyle</a>'s illustration for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_King_Arthur_and_His_Knights" title="The Story of King Arthur and His Knights">The Story of King Arthur and His Knights</a></i> (1903)</figcaption></figure> <p>In the Post-Vulgate version, used in Malory's <i>Le Morte d'Arthur</i> for the second Excalibur, the sword's <a href="/wiki/Scabbard" title="Scabbard">scabbard</a> is also said to have powers of its own, as any wounds received while wearing it would not bleed at all, thus preventing the wearer from ever bleeding to death in battle. For this reason, Merlin chides Arthur for preferring Excalibur over its sheath, saying that the latter is the greater treasure. The scabbard is, however, soon stolen from Arthur by his half-sister <a href="/wiki/Morgan_le_Fay" title="Morgan le Fay">Morgan le Fay</a> in revenge for the death of her beloved <a href="/wiki/Accolon" title="Accolon">Accolon</a>, he having been slain by Arthur with Excalibur in a duel involving a false Excalibur (Morgan also secretly makes at least one duplicate of Excalibur during the time when the sword is entrusted to her by Arthur earlier in the different French, Iberian and English variants of that story). During Morgan's flight from the pursuit by Arthur, the sheath is then thrown by her into a deep lake and lost. This act later enables the death of Arthur, deprived of its magical protection, many years later in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camlann" title="Battle of Camlann">his final battle</a>. In Malory's telling, the scabbard is never found again. In the Post-Vulgate, however, it is recovered and claimed by another fay, Marsique, who then briefly gives it to Gawain to help him fight Naborn the Enchanter (a <a href="/wiki/Mabon_ap_Modron" title="Mabon ap Modron">Mabon</a> figure).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As mentioned above, Excalibur is wielded also by Gawain in some French romances, including the Vulgate <i>Lancelot</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Prose <i>Merlin</i> also uniquely tells of Gawain killing the Roman leader <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Tiberius" title="Lucius Tiberius">Lucius</a> with Excalibur.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is, however, in contrast to most versions, where Excalibur belongs solely to Arthur. A few texts, such as the English <a href="/wiki/Alliterative_Morte_Arthure" title="Alliterative Morte Arthure">Alliterative <i>Morte Arthure</i></a> and one copy of the Welsh <i>Ymddiddan Arthur a'r Eryr</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tell of Arthur using Excalibur to kill his son <a href="/wiki/Mordred" title="Mordred">Mordred</a> (in the first of these, he also uses it to kill Lucius). In the Iberian post-Arthurian romance <i>Florambel de Lucea</i>, Morgan later gifts Excalibur (<i>Esclariber</i>) to the eponymous hero.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another late Iberian romance, <i><a href="/wiki/Tirant_lo_Blanch" title="Tirant lo Blanch">Tirant lo Blanch</a></i>, features Arthur who was brought back to life by Morgan and then wandered the world for a long time while mad and able to talk only when having Excalibur in his hands. Finally, Morgan finds her brother imprisoned in the contemporary (15th-century) <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, where she restores him to his mind by making him gaze upon his reflection in Excalibur's blade. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Connections_and_analogues">Connections and analogues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Excalibur&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Connections and analogues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Similar_weapons">Similar weapons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Excalibur&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Similar weapons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:326_The_Romance_of_King_Arthur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/326_The_Romance_of_King_Arthur.jpg/330px-326_The_Romance_of_King_Arthur.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="369" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/326_The_Romance_of_King_Arthur.jpg/500px-326_The_Romance_of_King_Arthur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/326_The_Romance_of_King_Arthur.jpg/520px-326_The_Romance_of_King_Arthur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1136" /></a><figcaption>"How Galahad drew out the sword from the floating stone at Camelot." <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rackham" title="Arthur Rackham">Arthur Rackham</a>'s illustration for <a href="/wiki/Alfred_W._Pollard" title="Alfred W. Pollard">Alfred W. Pollard</a>'s <i>The Romance of King Arthur</i> (1917)</figcaption></figure> <p>The challenge of drawing a sword from a stone (placed on the river just outside <a href="/wiki/Camelot" title="Camelot">Camelot</a>) also appears in the later Arthurian story of <a href="/wiki/Galahad" title="Galahad">Galahad</a>, whose achievement of the task indicates that he is destined to find the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Grail" title="Holy Grail">Holy Grail</a>, as also foretold in Merlin's prophecies. This powerful yet cursed weapon, known as the Adventurous Sword among other names, has also come from Avalon; it is first stolen and wielded by Balin until his death while killing his own brother, then is briefly taken up by Galahad, and eventually is used by <a href="/wiki/Lancelot" title="Lancelot">Lancelot</a> to give his former friend Gawain a mortal wound in their long final duel. In the <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Perlesvaus" title="Perlesvaus">Perlesvaus</a></i>, Lancelot pulls other weapons from stone on two occasions. In the Post-Vulgate <i>Merlin</i>, Morgan creates the copies of Excalibur itself as well as of its scabbard. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Welsh_mythology" title="Welsh mythology">Welsh mythology</a>, the Dyrnwyn ("White-Hilt"), one of the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Treasures_of_the_Island_of_Britain" title="Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain">Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain</a>, is said to be a powerful sword belonging to <a href="/wiki/Rhydderch_Hael" title="Rhydderch Hael">Rhydderch Hael</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one of the Three Generous Men of Britain mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Triads" title="Welsh Triads">Welsh Triads</a>. When drawn by a worthy or well-born man, the entire blade would blaze with fire. Rhydderch was never reluctant to hand the weapon to anyone, hence his nickname Hael "the Generous", but the recipients, as soon as they had learned of its peculiar properties, always rejected the sword. There are other similar weapons described in other mythologies as well. Irish mythology features Caladbolg, the sword of <a href="/wiki/Fergus_mac_R%C3%B3ich" title="Fergus mac Róich">Fergus mac Róich</a>, which was also known for its incredible power and was carried by some of Ireland's greatest heroes. The name, which can also mean "hard cleft" in Irish, appears in the plural, <i>caladbuilc</i>, as a generic term for "great swords" in <i>Togail Troi</i> ("The Destruction of <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a>"), a 10th-century Irish translation of the classical tale.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A sword named <a href="/wiki/Cla%C3%ADomh_Solais" title="Claíomh Solais">Claíomh Solais</a>, which is an Irish term meaning "sword of light", or "shining sword", appears in a number of orally transmitted Irish folk-tales. The Sword in the Stone has an analogue in some versions of the story of <a href="/wiki/Sigurd" title="Sigurd">Sigurd</a>, whose father, <a href="/wiki/Sigmund" title="Sigmund">Sigmund</a>, draws the sword <a href="/wiki/Gram_(mythology)" title="Gram (mythology)">Gram</a> out of the tree <a href="/wiki/Barnstokkr" title="Barnstokkr">Barnstokkr</a> where it is embedded by the Norse god <a href="/wiki/Odin" title="Odin">Odin</a>. Apart from legendary swords, the only real ancient Sword in the Stone which still exists nowadays is kept since the medieval ages in the Chapel of <a href="/wiki/Galgano_Guidotti" title="Galgano Guidotti">Saint Galgano</a> at Montesiepi in Tuscany, Italy; it is associated with the 12th-century Italian legend of that saint in the tale of "Tuscany's Excalibur".<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arthur's_other_weapons"><span id="Arthur.27s_other_weapons"></span>Arthur's other weapons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Excalibur&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Arthur's other weapons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of different swords and other weapons have been also associated with Arthur. In the Alliterative <i>Morte Arthure</i>, Clarent is the royal sword of peace meant for knighting and ceremonies as opposed to battle, which Mordred stole and then used to kill Arthur at Camlann.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Prose <i>Lancelot</i> of the Vulgate Cycle mentions a sword called Sequence (also <i>Secace</i> or <i>Seure</i>) as borrowed from Arthur by Lancelot.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Vulgate <i>Merlin</i>, Arthur captures Marmiadoise (Marmydoyse), the marvelous sword of <a href="/wiki/Hercules" title="Hercules">Hercules</a>, from the latter's descendant <a href="/wiki/King_Rience" title="King Rience">King Rions</a>. Marmiadoise's powers (such as causing wounds that would never heal) are in fact so superior compared to those of Excalibur that Arthur gives his old sword to Gawain.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early-Arthurian Welsh tradition knew of a dagger named <a href="/wiki/Carnwennan" title="Carnwennan">Carnwennan</a> and a spear named <a href="/wiki/Rhongomyniad" title="Rhongomyniad">Rhongomyniad</a> that belonged to him. Carnwennan ("little white-hilt") first appears in <i>Culhwch and Olwen</i>, where Arthur uses it to slice the witch Orddu in half.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBromwichSimon_Evans199264–65_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBromwichSimon_Evans199264–65-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesJones1949136_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesJones1949136-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rhongomyniad ("spear" + "striker, slayer") is also mentioned in <i>Culhwch</i>, although only in passing; it appears as simply Ron ("spear") in Geoffrey's <i>Historia</i>. Geoffrey also names Arthur's shield as <a href="/wiki/Pridwen" title="Pridwen">Pridwen</a>; in <i>Culhwch</i>, however, <a href="/wiki/Prydwen" title="Prydwen">Prydwen</a> ("fair face") is the name of Arthur's ship while his shield is named Wynebgwrthucher ("face of evening").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBromwichSimon_Evans199264–65_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBromwichSimon_Evans199264–65-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFord1983271_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFord1983271-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Excalibur_as_a_relic">Excalibur as a relic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Excalibur&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Excalibur as a relic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, a sword identified as Excalibur (Caliburn) was supposedly discovered during the exhumation of Arthur's purported grave at <a href="/wiki/Glastonbury_Abbey" title="Glastonbury Abbey">Glastonbury Abbey</a> in 1191.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 6 March 1191, after the Treaty of Messina, either this or another claimed Excalibur was given as a gift of goodwill by the English king <a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard I of England</a> (Richard the Lionheart) to his ally <a href="/wiki/Tancred,_King_of_Sicily" title="Tancred, King of Sicily">Tancred, King of Sicily</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was one of a series of symbolic Arthurian acts by the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Normans" title="Anglo-Normans">Anglo-Norman</a> monarchs, such as their association of the crown of King Arthur with the crown they won from the slain Welsh prince <a href="/wiki/Llywelyn_ap_Gruffudd" title="Llywelyn ap Gruffudd">Llywelyn ap Gruffudd</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Excalibur&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_magical_weapons" title="List of magical weapons">List of magical weapons</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Excalibur&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zimmer omits "Chalabrun" counting it as inclusive in 3 occurrences of "Calabrun ".<sup id="cite_ref-zimmer1890_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zimmer1890-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Misspelt "Escaliborc" (at v. 13330) by Zimmer.<sup id="cite_ref-zimmer1890_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zimmer1890-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Le Roux de Lincy relied on continental manuscripts,<sup id="cite_ref-lerouxde_lincy1838-mss_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lerouxde_lincy1838-mss-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but there were insular (Anglo-Norman) copies as well.<sup id="cite_ref-blacker1996_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blacker1996-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This line from Malory is also quoted in the 1938 Arthurian novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sword_in_the_Stone_(novel)" title="The Sword in the Stone (novel)">The Sword in the Stone</a></i> by British author <a href="/wiki/T._H._White" title="T. H. White">T. H. White</a> as well as its <a href="/wiki/The_Sword_in_the_Stone_(1963_film)" title="The Sword in the Stone (1963 film)">Disney adaptation</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nineteenth-century poet <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Tennyson,_1st_Baron_Tennyson" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson">Alfred, Lord Tennyson</a>, described the sword in full <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romantic</a> detail in his poem "Morte d'Arthur", later rewritten as "The Passing of Arthur", one of the <i><a href="/wiki/Idylls_of_the_King" title="Idylls of the King">Idylls of the King</a></i>: "<i>There drew he forth the brand Excalibur, / And o'er him, drawing it, the winter moon, / Brightening the skirts of a long cloud, ran forth / And sparkled keen with frost against the hilt / For all the haft twinkled with <a href="/wiki/Diamond" title="Diamond">diamond</a> sparks, / Myriads of <a href="/wiki/Topaz" title="Topaz">topaz</a>-lights, and <a href="/wiki/Jacinth" title="Jacinth">jacinth</a>-work / Of subtlest jewellery."</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Excalibur&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Excalibur&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStock2015" class="citation journal cs1">Stock, Lorraine K. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44697440">"Reinventing an Iconic Arthurian Moment: The Sword in the Stone in Films and Television"</a>. <i>Arthuriana</i>. <b>25</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">66–</span>83. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fart.2015.0047">10.1353/art.2015.0047</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44697440">44697440</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arthuriana&rft.atitle=Reinventing+an+Iconic+Arthurian+Moment%3A+The+Sword+in+the+Stone+in+Films+and+Television&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E66-%3C%2Fspan%3E83&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fart.2015.0047&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44697440%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Stock&rft.aufirst=Lorraine+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44697440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExcalibur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBromwichSimon_Evans199264–65-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBromwichSimon_Evans199264–65_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBromwichSimon_Evans199264–65_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBromwichSimon_Evans199264–65_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBromwichSimon_Evans199264–65_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBromwichSimon_Evans199264–65_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBromwichSimon_Evans1992">Bromwich & Simon Evans 1992</a>, pp. 64–65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreen2007156-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreen2007156_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGreen2007">Green 2007</a>, p. 156.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Koch, John. <i>Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia</i>, Volume 1, ABC-CLIO, 2006, p. 329.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFord1983271-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFord1983271_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFord1983271_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFord1983">Ford 1983</a>, p. 271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacKillop199864–65,_174-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacKillop199864–65,_174_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacKillop1998">MacKillop 1998</a>, pp. 64–65, 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hardy, T. D. and Martin, C. T. (eds./trans.), Gaimar, Geoffrey. <i>L'Estoire des Engles</i> (lines 45–46), Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1889, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wright, T. (ed.); Gaimar, Geoffrey. <i>Gaimar, Havelok et Herward</i>, <a href="/wiki/Caxton_Society" title="Caxton Society">Caxton Society</a>, London, 1850, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arnold-t2-1940-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-arnold-t2-1940_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArnold1938" class="citation book cs1">Arnold, Ivor, ed. (1938). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BBQtAAAAIAAJ&q=Caliburn"><i>Le roman de Brut de Wace</i></a>. Vol. 2. Paris: Société des anciens textes français. vv.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+roman+de+Brut+de+Wace&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=vv.&rft.pub=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+des+anciens+textes+fran%C3%A7ais&rft.date=1938&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBBQtAAAAIAAJ%26q%3DCaliburn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExcalibur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chaliburne v. 9279, Caliburne v. 10083 Caliburn 11547 Calibuerne 12891 12910 12926.<sup id="cite_ref-arnold-t2-1940_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arnold-t2-1940-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arnold-t1-1938-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-arnold-t1-1938_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArnold1938" class="citation book cs1">Arnold, Ivor, ed. (1938). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/LeRomanDeBrutTome1/page/n61/mode/2up">"Introduction I.—Les mauscrit; V.—Choix du manuscrit base"</a>. <i>Le roman de Brut de Wace</i>. Vol. 1. Paris: Société des anciens textes français. pp. <span class="nowrap">i–</span>xiv, <span class="nowrap">lix–</span>lxvi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction+I.%E2%80%94Les+mauscrit%3B+V.%E2%80%94Choix+du+manuscrit+base&rft.btitle=Le+roman+de+Brut+de+Wace&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3Ei-%3C%2Fspan%3Exiv%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3Elix-%3C%2Fspan%3Elxvi&rft.pub=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+des+anciens+textes+fran%C3%A7ais&rft.date=1938&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FLeRomanDeBrutTome1%2Fpage%2Fn61%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExcalibur" class="Z3988"></span> Text in tome 1 (vv. 1–9004) does not yet mention sword, but Cf. birth of "Artus" at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/LeRomanDeBrutTome1/page/n563/mode/2up?q=Artus">v. 8735n</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ivor Arnold's edition uses 22 manuscripts including fragments, and as to base text, considers the continental <i>N</i> (BnF français 1454) best, and <i>D</i> (Durham, Cathedral Library, C. IV. 27) and <i>P</i> (Penrose) best among the insular (Anglo-Norman) copies.<sup id="cite_ref-arnold-t1-1938_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arnold-t1-1938-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zimmer1890-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zimmer1890_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zimmer1890_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zimmer1890_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">(Caveat misspellings, misnumberings, etc. in:) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZimmer1890" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Zimmer_(Celticist)" title="Heinrich Zimmer (Celticist)">Zimmer, H.</a> (1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jwJQGfYZr-MC&pg=PA2363">"Bretonische Elemente in der Arthursage des Gottfried von Monmouth"</a>. <i>Zeitschrift für französische Sprache und Literatur</i>. <b>12</b>: 236. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40612250">40612250</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+franz%C3%B6sische+Sprache+und+Literatur&rft.atitle=Bretonische+Elemente+in+der+Arthursage+des+Gottfried+von+Monmouth&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=236&rft.date=1890&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40612250%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Zimmer&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjwJQGfYZr-MC%26pg%3DPA2363&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExcalibur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lerouxde_lincy1838-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lerouxde_lincy1838_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLe_Roux_de_Lincy1836–1838" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Le_Roux_de_Lincy" title="Antoine Le Roux de Lincy">Le Roux de Lincy, Antoine</a>, ed. (1836–1838). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PqoZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA51"><i>Le roman de Brut</i></a>. Vol. 2. Rouen: Édouard Frère.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+roman+de+Brut&rft.place=Rouen&rft.pub=%C3%89douard+Fr%C3%A8re&rft.date=1836%2F1838&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPqoZAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExcalibur" class="Z3988"></span>, <b>2</b>: 51, 88, 213, 215 according to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PqoZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA323&q=calabrum">index</a>, but this was not exhaustive. The forms found were:<br /> <ul><li><span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">Calabrum</i></span>. v. 9514, p. 51 [var. Calibore (Cangé 73)]</li> <li><span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">Callibourc</i></span>, v. 10323, p. 88</li> <li><span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">Calabrun</i></span> v. 10341, p. 89; v. 13330, p. 215 [var. Caliborne (No. III/Cangé 73=K), both times and Escallibore (No. IV/7515<sup>3・3</sup>=J) at 13330]</li> <li><span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">Escalibor</i></span>, v. 11938, p. 155</li> <li><span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">Chalabrun</i></span>, v. 13295, p. 213 [var. Calliborc (No. II/Cangé 69=H), Chalabrum, Callibor]</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-lerouxde_lincy1838-mss-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lerouxde_lincy1838-mss_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLe_Roux_de_Lincy1836–1838">Le Roux de Lincy (1836–1838)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6qkZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR17">Tome <b>1</b>, pp. xvii–</a>. The four 13th cent. mss. he lists are : <ul><li>No I, Bibl. du Roi, No 27 (olim 7535<sup>s</sup>, Cangé 69)→BnF fr. 1450, Arnold's "H"</li> <li>No. II, Bibl. du Roi, No 73 (olim Cangé 600)→BnF fr. 794, "K"</li> <li>No. III, Bibl. du Roi, No 180, Suppl. franç. (olim Cangé 600)</li> <li>No. IV, Bibl. du Roi, No 180 (olim Cangé 600)→ (olim 7515<sup>3・3</sup>, Colbert 2132 )→BnF fr. 1416, "J"</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-blacker1996-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-blacker1996_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlacker1996" class="citation journal cs1">Blacker, Jean (1996). "Will the Real Brut Please Stand Up? Wace's Roman de Brut in Anglo-Norman and Continental Manuscripts". <i>Text</i>. <b>9</b>. Indiana University Press. pp. 175–176 and note2, 177, etc. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20698018">20698018</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Text&rft.atitle=Will+the+Real+Brut+Please+Stand+Up%3F+Wace%27s+Roman+de+Brut+in+Anglo-Norman+and+Continental+Manuscripts&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=pp.+175-176+and+note2%2C+177%2C+etc.&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20698018%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Blacker&rft.aufirst=Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExcalibur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zimmer, Heinrich. "Bretonische Elemente in der Arthursage des Gottfried von Monmouth", <i>Zeitschrift für französische Sprache und Literatur</i>, Volume 12, E. Franck's, 1890, p. 236.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSullivan2022" class="citation book cs1">Sullivan, Tony (July 14, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_LF4EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT178"><i>The Roman King Arthur?: Lucius Artorius Castus</i></a>. Pen and Sword Military. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781399084031" title="Special:BookSources/9781399084031"><bdi>9781399084031</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Roman+King+Arthur%3F%3A+Lucius+Artorius+Castus&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword+Military&rft.date=2022-07-14&rft.isbn=9781399084031&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_LF4EAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExcalibur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bryant, Nigel (ed, trans), Merlin and the Grail: Joseph of Arimathea, Merlin, Perceval: the Trilogy of Prose Romances Attributed to Robert de Boron, DS Brewer, 2001, p. 107ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sir Thomas Malory, William Caxton. <i>Morte Darthur: Sir Thomas Malory's Book of King Arthur and of His Noble Knights of the Round Table</i>. p. 28. J. B. Lippincott and Company, 1868.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8ywEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA267"><i>The Arthur of the French: The Arthurian Legend in Medieval French and Occitan Literature</i></a>. University of Wales Press. 15 October 2020. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78683-743-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78683-743-1"><bdi>978-1-78683-743-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arthur+of+the+French%3A+The+Arthurian+Legend+in+Medieval+French+and+Occitan+Literature&rft.pub=University+of+Wales+Press&rft.date=2020-10-15&rft.isbn=978-1-78683-743-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8ywEEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExcalibur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDutton2007" class="citation journal cs1">Dutton, Marsha L. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27870843">"The Staff in the Stone: Finding Arthur's Sword in the 'Vita Sancti Edwardi' of Aelred of Rievaulx"</a>. <i>Arthuriana</i>. <b>17</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">3–</span>30. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fart.2007.0018">10.1353/art.2007.0018</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27870843">27870843</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162363447">162363447</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arthuriana&rft.atitle=The+Staff+in+the+Stone%3A+Finding+Arthur%27s+Sword+in+the+%27Vita+Sancti+Edwardi%27+of+Aelred+of+Rievaulx&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E30&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162363447%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27870843%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fart.2007.0018&rft.aulast=Dutton&rft.aufirst=Marsha+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27870843&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExcalibur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPhillips2016" class="citation book cs1">Phillips, Graham (11 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mVkoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT66"><i>The Lost Tomb of King Arthur: The Search for Camelot and the Isle of Avalon</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781591437581" title="Special:BookSources/9781591437581"><bdi>9781591437581</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lost+Tomb+of+King+Arthur%3A+The+Search+for+Camelot+and+the+Isle+of+Avalon&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2016-04-11&rft.isbn=9781591437581&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmVkoDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExcalibur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Micha, Alexandre (ed.). <i>Merlin: roman du XIIIe siècle</i> (Geneva: Droz, 1979).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELacy1996-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELacy1996_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLacy1996">Lacy 1996</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalory1997[httpquodlibumicheduccmeMaloryWks212rgndiv1viewfulltext_7]-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalory1997[httpquodlibumicheduccmeMaloryWks212rgndiv1viewfulltext_7]_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMalory1997">Malory 1997</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/c/cme/MaloryWks2/1:2?rgn=div1;view=fulltext">7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalory1997[httpquodlibumicheduccmeMaloryWks2137rgndiv2viewfulltext_46]-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalory1997[httpquodlibumicheduccmeMaloryWks2137rgndiv2viewfulltext_46]_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMalory1997">Malory 1997</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/c/cme/MaloryWks2/1:3.7?rgn=div2;view=fulltext">46</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGantz1987184-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGantz1987184_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGantz1987">Gantz 1987</a>, p. 184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Malory writes in the <a href="/wiki/Winchester_Manuscript" class="mw-redirect" title="Winchester Manuscript">Winchester Manuscript</a>: "<i>thenne he drewe his swerd Excalibur, but it was so breyght in his enemyes eyen that it gaf light lyke thirty torchys.</i>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bryant, Nigel (trans., ed.). <i>Perceval: The Story of the Grail</i>, DS Brewer, 2006, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roach, William. <i>Chrétien De Troyes: Le Roman De Perceval ou Le Conte Du Graal</i>, Librairie Droz, 1959, p. 173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Loomis, R. S. <i>Arthurian Tradition and Chrétien de Troyes</i>, Columbia, 1949, p. 424.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vinaver, Eugène (ed.) <i>The works of Sir Thomas Malory</i>, Volume 3. Clarendon, 1990, p. 1301.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLacy2010" class="citation book cs1">Lacy, Norris J. (August 6, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=klsMZ41xAREC&pg=PA203"><i>Lancelot-Grail</i></a>. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843842385" title="Special:BookSources/9781843842385"><bdi>9781843842385</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lancelot-Grail&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer+Ltd&rft.date=2010-08-06&rft.isbn=9781843842385&rft.aulast=Lacy&rft.aufirst=Norris+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DklsMZ41xAREC%26pg%3DPA203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExcalibur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMatthews2003" class="citation book cs1">Matthews, John (March 25, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CzxyQLoj3a8C&pg=PA188"><i>Sir Gawain: Knight of the Goddess</i></a>. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780892819706" title="Special:BookSources/9780892819706"><bdi>9780892819706</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sir+Gawain%3A+Knight+of+the+Goddess&rft.pub=Inner+Traditions+%2F+Bear+%26+Co&rft.date=2003-03-25&rft.isbn=9780892819706&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCzxyQLoj3a8C%26pg%3DPA188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExcalibur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFConlee1998" class="citation book cs1">Conlee, John (September 1, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UTNrEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA383"><i>Prose Merlin</i></a>. ISD LLC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781580444163" title="Special:BookSources/9781580444163"><bdi>9781580444163</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prose+Merlin&rft.pub=ISD+LLC&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.isbn=9781580444163&rft.aulast=Conlee&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUTNrEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA383&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExcalibur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heroicage.org/issues/1/habcg.htm">"Brigantia, Cartimandua and Gwenhwyfar"</a>. The Heroic Age<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brigantia%2C+Cartimandua+and+Gwenhwyfar&rft.pub=The+Heroic+Age&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heroicage.org%2Fissues%2F1%2Fhabcg.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExcalibur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHook2015" class="citation book cs1">Hook, David (15 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BcAmDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT184"><i>The Arthur of the Iberians: The Arthurian Legends in the Spanish and Portuguese Worlds</i></a>. University of Wales Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781783162437" title="Special:BookSources/9781783162437"><bdi>9781783162437</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arthur+of+the+Iberians%3A+The+Arthurian+Legends+in+the+Spanish+and+Portuguese+Worlds&rft.pub=University+of+Wales+Press&rft.date=2015-06-15&rft.isbn=9781783162437&rft.aulast=Hook&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBcAmDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExcalibur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tri Thlws ar Ddeg, ed. and tr. Bromwich (1978): pp. 240–1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thurneysen, R. "Zur Keltischen Literatur und Grammatik", <i>Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie</i>, Volume 12, p. 281ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Rahilly, T. F. <i>Early Irish history and mythology</i>, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1957, p. 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/sep/16/rorycarroll.theobserver">"Tuscany's Excalibur is the real thing, say scientists"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. Retrieved 1 August 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/teams/alstint.htm"><i>Alliterative Morte Arthure</i></a>, TEAMS, retrieved 26-02-2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren, Michelle. <i>History On The Edge: Excalibur and the Borders of Britain, 1100–1300</i> (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press) p. 212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBane2020" class="citation book cs1">Bane, Theresa (May 29, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QAnoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA108"><i>Encyclopedia of Mythological Objects</i></a>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781476639208" title="Special:BookSources/9781476639208"><bdi>9781476639208</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Mythological+Objects&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2020-05-29&rft.isbn=9781476639208&rft.aulast=Bane&rft.aufirst=Theresa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQAnoDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExcalibur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJonesJones1949136-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJonesJones1949136_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJonesJones1949">Jones & Jones 1949</a>, p. 136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarper-BillVincent2007" class="citation book cs1">Harper-Bill, Christopher; Vincent, Nicholas (August 20, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T_Ong1PZq_QC&pg=PA389"><i>Henry II: New Interpretations</i></a>. Boydell Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843833406" title="Special:BookSources/9781843833406"><bdi>9781843833406</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+II%3A+New+Interpretations&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=2007-08-20&rft.isbn=9781843833406&rft.aulast=Harper-Bill&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.au=Vincent%2C+Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT_Ong1PZq_QC%26pg%3DPA389&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExcalibur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarper-Bill1999" class="citation book cs1">Harper-Bill, Christopher (August 20, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rYbFIh92OQsC&pg=PA261"><i>Anglo-Norman Studies XXI: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1998</i></a>. Boydell & Brewer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780851157450" title="Special:BookSources/9780851157450"><bdi>9780851157450</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anglo-Norman+Studies+XXI%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Battle+Conference+1998&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer&rft.date=1999-08-20&rft.isbn=9780851157450&rft.aulast=Harper-Bill&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrYbFIh92OQsC%26pg%3DPA261&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExcalibur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.medievalists.net/2020/09/king-arthur-edward/">“In Search of the Once and Future King: Arthur and Edward I”</a>. Medievalists.net. Retrieved 1 August 2021</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Excalibur&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><i>The Works of Sir Thomas Malory,</i> Ed. <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Vinaver" title="Eugène Vinaver">Vinaver, Eugène</a>, 3rd ed. Field, Rev. P. J. C. (1990). 3 vol. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-812344-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-812344-2">0-19-812344-2</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-812345-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-812345-0">0-19-812345-0</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-812346-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-812346-9">0-19-812346-9</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBromwichSimon_Evans1992" class="citation book cs1">Bromwich, R.; Simon Evans, D. (1992). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/culhwcholwenedit00brom"><i>Culhwch and Olwen. An Edition and Study of the Oldest Arthurian Tale</i></a></span>. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780708311271" title="Special:BookSources/9780708311271"><bdi>9780708311271</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culhwch+and+Olwen.+An+Edition+and+Study+of+the+Oldest+Arthurian+Tale&rft.place=Cardiff&rft.pub=University+of+Wales+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780708311271&rft.aulast=Bromwich&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Simon+Evans%2C+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fculhwcholwenedit00brom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExcalibur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFord1983" class="citation journal cs1">Ford, P.K. (1983). "On the Significance of some Arthurian Names in Welsh". <i><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_Board_of_Celtic_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies">Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies</a></i>. <b>30</b>: <span class="nowrap">268–</span>73.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Board+of+Celtic+Studies&rft.atitle=On+the+Significance+of+some+Arthurian+Names+in+Welsh&rft.volume=30&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E268-%3C%2Fspan%3E73&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=P.K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExcalibur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGantz1987" class="citation book cs1">Gantz, Jeffrey (1987). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mabinogion0000gant"><i>The Mabinogion</i></a></span>. New York: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-044322-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-044322-3"><bdi>0-14-044322-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mabinogion&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-14-044322-3&rft.aulast=Gantz&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmabinogion0000gant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExcalibur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGreen2007" class="citation book cs1">Green, T. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arthuriana.co.uk/concepts"><i>Concepts of Arthur</i></a>. Stroud: Tempus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-4461-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-4461-1"><bdi>978-0-7524-4461-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concepts+of+Arthur&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pub=Tempus&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7524-4461-1&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arthuriana.co.uk%2Fconcepts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExcalibur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJonesJones1949" class="citation book cs1">Jones, T.; Jones, G. (1949). <i>The Mabinogion</i>. London: Dent.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mabinogion&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Dent&rft.date=1949&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=T.&rft.au=Jones%2C+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExcalibur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLacy1996" class="citation book cs1">Lacy, Norris J. (1996). <i>Lancelot-Grail: The Old French Arthurian Vulgate and Post-Vulgate in Translation</i>. New York: Garland.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lancelot-Grail%3A+The+Old+French+Arthurian+Vulgate+and+Post-Vulgate+in+Translation&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Garland&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Lacy&rft.aufirst=Norris+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExcalibur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMacKillop1998" class="citation book cs1">MacKillop, James (1998). <i>Dictionary of Celtic Mythology</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Celtic+Mythology&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=MacKillop&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExcalibur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMalory1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Malory" title="Thomas Malory">Malory, Thomas</a> (1997). <i>Le Morte D'Arthur</i>. University of Michigan Humanities Text Initiative.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Morte+D%27Arthur&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Humanities+Text+Initiative&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Malory&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExcalibur" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMicha1979" class="citation book cs1">Micha, Alexandre (1979). <i>Merlin: roman du XIIIe siècle</i>. Geneva: Droz.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merlin%3A+roman+du+XIIIe+si%C3%A8cle&rft.place=Geneva&rft.pub=Droz&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Micha&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExcalibur" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Excalibur&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Lacy, N. J (ed). <i>The New Arthurian Encyclopedia.</i> (London: Garland. 1996). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8153-2303-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8153-2303-4">0-8153-2303-4</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Excalibur&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Excalibur" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Excalibur">Excalibur</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/swrdmenu.htm">The Camelot Project at the University of Rochester: Excalibur and the Sword in the Stone</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="King_Arthur_and_the_Matter_of_Britain285" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arthurian_legend" title="Template:Arthurian legend"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arthurian_legend" title="Template talk:Arthurian legend"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arthurian_legend" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arthurian legend"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="King_Arthur_and_the_Matter_of_Britain285" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Matter of Britain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur%27s_family" title="King Arthur's family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agravain" title="Agravain">Agravain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cador" title="Cador">Cador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_(Briton)" title="Constantine (Briton)">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culhwch" title="Culhwch">Culhwch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Ector" title="Sir Ector">Ector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_(legend)" title="Elaine (legend)">Elaine of Garlot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoel">Hoel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaheris" title="Gaheris">Gaheris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gareth" title="Gareth">Gareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawain" title="Gawain">Gawain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingalain" title="Gingalain">Gingalain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinevere" title="Guinevere">Guinevere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igraine" title="Igraine">Igraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Kay" title="Sir Kay">Kay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordred" title="Mordred">Mordred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_le_Fay" title="Morgan le Fay">Morgan le Fay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgause" title="Morgause">Morgause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosius_Aurelianus" title="Ambrosius Aurelianus">Ambrosius Aurelianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uther_Pendragon" title="Uther Pendragon">Uther Pendragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urien" title="Urien">Urien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ywain" title="Ywain">Yvain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_Round_Table" title="Knights of the Round Table">Knights of the<br /> Round Table</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagdemagus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagdemagus">Bagdemagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedivere" title="Bedivere">Bedivere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bors" title="Bors">Bors the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunor" title="Brunor">Brunor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clig%C3%A8s" title="Cligès">Cligès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caradoc" title="Caradoc">Caradoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagonet" title="Dagonet">Dagonet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_von_dem_bl%C3%BChenden_Tal" title="Daniel von dem blühenden Tal">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinadan" title="Dinadan">Dinadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galahad" title="Galahad">Galahad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galehaut" title="Galehaut">Galehaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraint" title="Geraint">Geraint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griflet" class="mw-redirect" title="Griflet">Griflet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamorak" title="Lamorak">Lamorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancelot" title="Lancelot">Lancelot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanval" title="Lanval">Lanval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Lionel" title="Sir Lionel">Lionel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriaen" title="Moriaen">Moriaen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palamedes_(Arthurian_legend)" title="Palamedes (Arthurian legend)">Palamedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelleas" title="Pelleas">Pelleas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellinore" class="mw-redirect" title="Pellinore">Pellinore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival" title="Percival">Percival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagramore" title="Sagramore">Sagramore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan" title="Tristan">Tristan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arthurian_characters" title="List of Arthurian characters">Other characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accolon" title="Accolon">Accolon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrestes" title="Agrestes">Agrestes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angharad_Golden-Hand" title="Angharad Golden-Hand">Angharad Golden-Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguish_of_Ireland" title="Anguish of Ireland">Anguish of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annowre" title="Annowre">Annowre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Balin" title="Sir Balin">Balin and Balan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Ban" title="King Ban">Ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Bertilak" title="Lady Bertilak">Lady Bertilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Knight_(Arthurian_legend)" title="Black Knight (Arthurian legend)">Black Knight(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanchefleur" title="Blanchefleur">Blanchefleur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bors" title="Bors">Bors the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brangaine" title="Brangaine">Brangaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunor" title="Brunor">Brunor(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catigern" title="Catigern">Catigern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudas" title="Claudas">Claudas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_of_Astolat" title="Elaine of Astolat">Elaine of Astolat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_(legend)" title="Elaine (legend)">Elaine of Benoic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_of_Corbenic" title="Elaine of Corbenic">Elaine of Corbenic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enide" title="Enide">Enide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feirefiz" title="Feirefiz">Feirefiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_King" title="Fisher King">Fisher King(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garel" title="Garel">Garel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlois" title="Gorlois">Gorlois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Knight" title="Green Knight">Green Knight(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiomar_(Arthurian_legend)" title="Guiomar (Arthurian legend)">Guiomar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiron_le_Courtois" title="Guiron le Courtois">Guiron le Courtois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwenhwyfach" title="Gwenhwyfach">Gwenhwyfach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellawes_(sorceress)" title="Hellawes (sorceress)">Hellawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengist_and_Horsa" title="Hengist and Horsa">Hengist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iseult" title="Iseult">Iseult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_of_the_Lake" title="Lady of the Lake">Lady/Ladies of the Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laudine" title="Laudine">Laudine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leodegrance" class="mw-redirect" title="Leodegrance">Leodegrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lohengrin" title="Lohengrin">Lohengrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Lot" title="King Lot">Lot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Tiberius" title="Lucius Tiberius">Lucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunete" title="Lunete">Lunete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynette_and_Lyonesse" title="Lynette and Lyonesse">Lynette and Lyonesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maleagant" title="Maleagant">Maleagant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_of_Cornwall" title="Mark of Cornwall">Mark of Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meliodas" title="Meliodas">Meliodas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlin" title="Merlin">Merlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budic_II_of_Brittany" title="Budic II of Brittany">Nentres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_sorceresses" title="Nine sorceresses">Nine sorceresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olwen" title="Olwen">Olwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival%27s_sister" title="Percival's sister">Percival's sister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Knight" title="Red Knight">Red Knight(s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rience" class="mw-redirect" title="Rience">Rience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebile" title="Sebile">Sebile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin">Taliesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegau_Eurfron" title="Tegau Eurfron">Tegau Eurfron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortigern" title="Vortigern">Vortigern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yniol" class="mw-redirect" title="Yniol">Yniol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animal characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cavall" title="Cavall">Cavall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gringolet" title="Gringolet">Gringolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petitcrieu" title="Petitcrieu">Petitcrieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Questing_Beast" title="Questing Beast">Questing Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twrch_Trwyth" title="Twrch Trwyth">Twrch Trwyth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carnwennan" title="Carnwennan">Carnwennan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Excalibur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Grail" title="Holy Grail">Holy Grail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pridwen" title="Pridwen">Pridwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prydwen" title="Prydwen">Prydwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhongomyniad" title="Rhongomyniad">Rhongomyniad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Table" title="Round Table">Round Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_Perilous" title="Siege Perilous">Siege Perilous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_locations_associated_with_Arthurian_legend" title="List of locations associated with Arthurian legend">Places</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astolat" title="Astolat">Astolat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalon" title="Avalon">Avalon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glastonbury_Tor" title="Glastonbury Tor">Glastonbury Tor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broc%C3%A9liande" title="Brocéliande">Brocéliande</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Val_sans_retour" title="Val sans retour">Val sans retour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caerleon" title="Caerleon">Caerleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camelot" title="Camelot">Camelot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celliwig" title="Celliwig">Celliwig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_perilous" title="Chapel perilous">Chapel perilous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbenic" title="Corbenic">Corbenic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esplumoir_Merlin" title="Esplumoir Merlin">Esplumoir Merlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyous_Gard" title="Joyous Gard">Joyous Gard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Maidens" title="Land of Maidens">Land/Castle of Maidens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logres" title="Logres">Logres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyonesse" title="Lyonesse">Lyonesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarras" title="Sarras">Sarras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tintagel" title="Tintagel">Tintagel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tintagel_Castle" title="Tintagel Castle">Tintagel Castle</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_King_Arthur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliography of King Arthur">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_based_on_Arthurian_legends" title="List of works based on Arthurian legends">List of works</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur_in_comics" title="King Arthur in comics">comics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badon" title="Battle of Badon">Battle of Badon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camlann" title="Battle of Camlann">Battle of Camlann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolorous_Stroke" title="Dolorous Stroke">Dolorous Stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loathly_lady" title="Loathly lady">Loathly lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_King_Arthur" title="Historicity of King Arthur">Historicity of King Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur%27s_messianic_return" title="King Arthur's messianic return">King Arthur's messianic return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendragon" title="Pendragon">Pendragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Swan" title="Knight of the Swan">Knight of the Swan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_and_Iseult" title="Tristan and Iseult">Tristan and Iseult</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Celtic_mythology_series116" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#c1e6c1;;background:#90db90;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Welsh_mythology" title="Template:Welsh mythology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Welsh_mythology" title="Template talk:Welsh mythology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Welsh_mythology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Welsh mythology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Celtic_mythology_series116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_mythology" title="Celtic mythology">Celtic mythology</a> series</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#c1e6c1;"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Welsh_mythology" title="Welsh mythology">Welsh mythology</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Texts and tales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Four_Branches_of_the_Mabinogi" title="Four Branches of the Mabinogi">Four Branches of the <i>Mabinogi</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pwyll_Pendefig_Dyfed" title="Pwyll Pendefig Dyfed">Pwyll Pendefig Dyfed</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Branwen_ferch_Ll%C5%B7r" title="Branwen ferch Llŷr">Branwen ferch Llŷr</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manawydan_fab_Ll%C5%B7r" title="Manawydan fab Llŷr">Manawydan fab Llŷr</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Math_fab_Mathonwy_(branch)" title="Math fab Mathonwy (branch)">Math fab Mathonwy</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Arthurian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Culhwch_and_Olwen" title="Culhwch and Olwen">Culhwch and Olwen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Preiddeu_Annwfn" title="Preiddeu Annwfn">Preiddeu Annwfn</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pa_gur" title="Pa gur">Pa gur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Welsh_Romances#Owain,_or_the_Lady_of_the_Fountain" title="Three Welsh Romances">Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Welsh_Romances#Geraint_and_Enid" title="Three Welsh Romances">Geraint and Enid</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peredur_son_of_Efrawg" title="Peredur son of Efrawg">Peredur son of Efrawg</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dream_of_Rhonabwy" title="The Dream of Rhonabwy">The Dream of Rhonabwy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geraint_son_of_Erbin" title="Geraint son of Erbin">Geraint son of Erbin</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin">Taliesin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cad_Goddeu" title="Cad Goddeu">Cad Goddeu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Triads" title="Welsh Triads">Welsh Triads</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Welsh_mythology#The_Dream_of_Macsen_Wledig" title="Welsh mythology">The Dream of Macsen Wledig</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Englynion_y_Beddau" title="Englynion y Beddau">Englynion y Beddau</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giants_(Welsh_folklore)" title="Giants (Welsh folklore)">Giant tales</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lludd_and_Llefelys" title="Lludd and Llefelys">Lludd and Llefelys</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afaon_fab_Taliesin" title="Afaon fab Taliesin">Afaon fab Taliesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaethon" title="Amaethon">Amaethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arawn" title="Arawn">Arawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arianrhod" title="Arianrhod">Arianrhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afallach" title="Afallach">Afallach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beli_Mawr" title="Beli Mawr">Beli Mawr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleiddwn" title="Bleiddwn">Bleiddwn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blodeuwedd" title="Blodeuwedd">Blodeuwedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedivere" title="Bedivere">Bedwyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A2n_the_Blessed" title="Brân the Blessed">Bendigeidfran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branwen" title="Branwen">Branwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Kay" title="Sir Kay">Cai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caradog_ap_Bran" title="Caradog ap Bran">Caradog ap Bran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassivellaunus" title="Cassivellaunus">Caswallawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceridwen" title="Ceridwen">Ceridwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cigfa" title="Cigfa">Cigfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creiddylad" title="Creiddylad">Creiddylad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culhwch" title="Culhwch">Culhwch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyhyraeth" title="Cyhyraeth">Cyhyraeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyledr_Wyllt" title="Cyledr Wyllt">Cyledr Wyllt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymidei_Cymeinfoll" title="Cymidei Cymeinfoll">Cymidei Cymeinfoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynon_ap_Clydno" title="Cynon ap Clydno">Cynon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B4n" title="Dôn">Dôn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drudwas_ap_Tryffin" title="Drudwas ap Tryffin">Drudwas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dylan_ail_Don" title="Dylan ail Don">Dylan ail Don</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dywel_fab_Erbin" title="Dywel fab Erbin">Dywel fab Erbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edern_ap_Nudd" title="Edern ap Nudd">Edern ap Nudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efnysien" title="Efnysien">Efnysien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Elen" title="Saint Elen">Elen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elffin_ap_Gwyddno" title="Elffin ap Gwyddno">Elffin ap Gwyddno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliwlod" title="Eliwlod">Eliwlod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eufydd_fab_D%C3%B4n" title="Eufydd fab Dôn">Eufydd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euroswydd" title="Euroswydd">Euroswydd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraint" title="Geraint">Geraint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilfaethwy" title="Gilfaethwy">Gilfaethwy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glewlwyd_Gafaelfawr" title="Glewlwyd Gafaelfawr">Glewlwyd Gafaelfawr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goewin" title="Goewin">Goewin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gofannon" title="Gofannon">Gofannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goreu_fab_Custennin" title="Goreu fab Custennin">Goreu fab Custennin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gronw_Pebr" title="Gronw Pebr">Gronw Pebr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwawl" title="Gwawl">Gwawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwern" title="Gwern">Gwern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwrhyr_Gwalstawd_Ieithoedd" title="Gwrhyr Gwalstawd Ieithoedd">Gwrhyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwyddno_Garanhir" title="Gwyddno Garanhir">Gwyddno Garanhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwydion" title="Gwydion">Gwydion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwyn_ap_Nudd" title="Gwyn ap Nudd">Gwyn ap Nudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwythyr_ap_Greidawl" title="Gwythyr ap Greidawl">Gwythyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawain" title="Gawain">Gwalchmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafgan" title="Hafgan">Hafgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hefeydd" title="Hefeydd">Hefeydd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hueil_mab_Caw" title="Hueil mab Caw">Hueil mab Caw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hychddwn" title="Hychddwn">Hychddwn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyddwn" title="Hyddwn">Hyddwn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iddog_ap_Mynio" title="Iddog ap Mynio">Iddog ap Mynio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_Gawr" title="Idris Gawr">Idris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llefelys" title="Llefelys">Llefelys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleu_Llaw_Gyffes" title="Lleu Llaw Gyffes">Lleu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ll%C5%B7r" title="Llŷr">Llŷr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lludd_Llaw_Eraint" title="Lludd Llaw Eraint">Lludd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llwyd_ap_Cil_Coed" title="Llwyd ap Cil Coed">Llwyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabon_ap_Modron" title="Mabon ap Modron">Mabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madoc_ap_Uthyr" title="Madoc ap Uthyr">Madoc ap Uthyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Maximus" title="Magnus Maximus">Macsen Wledig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallt-y-Nos" title="Mallt-y-Nos">Mallt-y-Nos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manawydan" title="Manawydan">Manawydan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Math_fab_Mathonwy" title="Math fab Mathonwy">Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matholwch" title="Matholwch">Matholwch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menw" title="Menw">Menw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modron" title="Modron">Modron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morfydd" title="Morfydd">Morfydd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morfran" title="Morfran">Morfran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlin" title="Merlin">Myrddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisien" title="Nisien">Nisien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olwen" title="Olwen">Olwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penarddun" title="Penarddun">Penarddun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penpingion" class="mw-redirect" title="Penpingion">Penpingion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peredur" title="Peredur">Peredur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pryderi" title="Pryderi">Pryderi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pwyll" title="Pwyll">Pwyll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhiannon" title="Rhiannon">Rhiannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Cyllin" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Cyllin">Saint Cyllin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Eigen" title="Saint Eigen">Saint Eigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanddef" title="Sanddef">Sanddef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seithenyn" title="Seithenyn">Seithenyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin">Taliesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegid_Foel" title="Tegid Foel">Tegid Foel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teyrnon" title="Teyrnon">Teyrnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ysbaddaden" title="Ysbaddaden">Ysbaddaden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Animals and<br />creatures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adar_Llwch_Gwin" title="Adar Llwch Gwin">Adar Llwch Gwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adar_Rhiannon" title="Adar Rhiannon">Adar Rhiannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aderyn_y_Corff" title="Aderyn y Corff">Aderyn y Corff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afanc" title="Afanc">Afanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenin_Llwyd" title="Brenin Llwyd">Brenin Llwyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavall" title="Cavall">Cavall (Cafall, Cabal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceffyl_D%C5%B5r" title="Ceffyl Dŵr">Ceffyl Dŵr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giants_(Welsh_folklore)" title="Giants (Welsh folklore)">Cewri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coblyn" title="Coblyn">Coblyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coraniaid" title="Coraniaid">Coraniaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C5%B5n_Annwn" title="Cŵn Annwn">Cŵn Annwn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyhyraeth" title="Cyhyraeth">Cyhyraeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon" title="Dragon">Dreigiau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Dragon" title="Welsh Dragon">Red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_dragon" title="White dragon">White</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwragedd_Annwn" title="Gwragedd Annwn">Gwragedd Annwn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwyllgi" title="Gwyllgi">Gwyllgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwyllion" title="Gwyllion">Gwyllion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llamhigyn_y_D%C5%B5r" title="Llamhigyn y Dŵr">Llamhigyn y Dŵr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgen_(mythological_creature)" title="Morgen (mythological creature)">Morgens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changeling#Wales" title="Changeling">Plentyn Newid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%BAca" title="Púca">Pwca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twrch_Trwyth" title="Twrch Trwyth">Twrch Trwyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tylwyth_Teg" title="Tylwyth Teg">Tylwyth Teg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annwn" title="Annwn">Annwn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a> (<a href="/wiki/Celliwig" title="Celliwig">Celliwig</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caer_Sidi" title="Caer Sidi">Caer Sidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantre%27r_Gwaelod" title="Cantre'r Gwaelod">Cantre'r Gwaelod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyfed" title="Dyfed">Dyfed</a> (<a href="/wiki/Narberth,_Pembrokeshire" title="Narberth, Pembrokeshire">Arberth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grassholm" title="Grassholm">Gwales</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwynedd" title="Gwynedd">Gwynedd</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aberffraw" title="Aberffraw">Aberffraw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantref_Arfon" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantref Arfon">Arfon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ardudwy" title="Ardudwy">Ardudwy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caer_Dathyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Caer Dathyl">Caer Dathyl</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ludgate" title="Ludgate">Ludgate</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Neith" title="Cross of Neith">Cross of Neith</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Excalibur</a> (Caledfwlch)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pair_Dadeni" title="Pair Dadeni">Cauldron of rebirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llech_Ronw" title="Llech Ronw">Llech Ronw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Treasures_of_the_Island_of_Britain" title="Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain">Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geoffrey_of_Monmouth152" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Template:Geoffrey of Monmouth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Template talk:Geoffrey of Monmouth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Geoffrey of Monmouth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geoffrey_of_Monmouth152" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Geoffrey of Monmouth">Geoffrey of Monmouth</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Works_by_Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Category:Works by Geoffrey of Monmouth">Works</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Prophetiae_Merlini" title="Prophetiae Merlini">Prophetiae Merlini</a></i> (c. 1135)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae" title="Historia Regum Britanniae">Historia Regum Britanniae</a></i> (c. 1136)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vita_Merlini" title="Vita Merlini">Vita Merlini</a></i> (c. 1150)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Translations_of_Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Category:Translations of Geoffrey of Monmouth">Translations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_de_Brut" title="Roman de Brut">Roman de Brut</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layamon%27s_Brut" title="Layamon's Brut">Layamon's <i>Brut</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brut_y_Brenhinedd" title="Brut y Brenhinedd">Brut y Brenhinedd</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Breta_s%C3%B6gur" title="Breta sögur">Breta sögur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Merl%C3%ADn%C3%BAssp%C3%A1" title="Merlínússpá">Merlínússpá</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Alban" title="Saint Alban">Saint Alban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanactus" title="Albanactus">Albanactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhfrith_of_Deira" class="mw-redirect" title="Alhfrith of Deira">Alhfrith of Deira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allectus" title="Allectus">Allectus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosius_Aurelianus" title="Ambrosius Aurelianus">Ambrosius Aurelianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphibalus" title="Amphibalus">Amphibalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andragius" title="Andragius">Andragius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archgallo" title="Archgallo">Archgallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archmail" title="Archmail">Archmail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvirargus" title="Arvirargus">Arvirargus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascanius" title="Ascanius">Ascanius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelius_Conanus" title="Aurelius Conanus">Aurelius Conanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedivere" title="Bedivere">Bedivere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beldgabred" title="Beldgabred">Beldgabred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beli_Mawr" title="Beli Mawr">Beli Mawr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belinus" title="Belinus">Belinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bladud" title="Bladud">Bladud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bledric_ap_Custennin" title="Bledric ap Custennin">Bledric ap Custennin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bledudo" title="Bledudo">Bledudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brennius" title="Brennius">Brennius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brutus_Greenshield" title="Brutus Greenshield">Brutus Greenshield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brutus_of_Troy" title="Brutus of Troy">Brutus of Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budic_II_of_Brittany" title="Budic II of Brittany">Budic II of Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadfan_ap_Iago" title="Cadfan ap Iago">Cadfan ap Iago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadoc" title="Cadoc">Cadoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cador" title="Cador">Cador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadwaladr" title="Cadwaladr">Cadwaladr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadwallon_ap_Cadfan" title="Cadwallon ap Cadfan">Cadwallon ap Cadfan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camber_(legendary_king)" class="mw-redirect" title="Camber (legendary king)">Camber (legendary king)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap_of_Britain" title="Cap of Britain">Cap of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capetus_Silvius" title="Capetus Silvius">Capetus Silvius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capoir" title="Capoir">Capoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caradocus" title="Caradocus">Caradocus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carausius" title="Carausius">Carausius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassivellaunus" title="Cassivellaunus">Cassivellaunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catellus" title="Catellus">Catellus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catigern" title="Catigern">Catigern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherin" title="Cherin">Cherin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledaucus" title="Cledaucus">Cledaucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotenus" title="Clotenus">Clotenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coel_Hen" title="Coel Hen">Coel Hen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coilus" title="Coilus">Coilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conan_Meriadoc" title="Conan Meriadoc">Conan Meriadoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constans_II_(son_of_Constantine_III)" title="Constans II (son of Constantine III)">Constans II (son of Constantine III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_III_(Western_Roman_Emperor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine III (Western Roman Emperor)">Constantine III (Western Roman Emperor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_(Briton)" title="Constantine (Briton)">Constantine (Briton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantius_Chlorus" title="Constantius Chlorus">Constantius Chlorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordelia_of_Britain" title="Cordelia of Britain">Cordelia of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corineus" title="Corineus">Corineus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunedagius" title="Cunedagius">Cunedagius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunobeline" title="Cunobeline">Cunobeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danius" title="Danius">Danius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_David" title="Saint David">Saint David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digueillus" title="Digueillus">Digueillus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionotus" title="Dionotus">Dionotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunvallo_Molmutius" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunvallo Molmutius">Dunvallo Molmutius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebraucus" title="Ebraucus">Ebraucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edadus" title="Edadus">Edadus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edern_ap_Nudd" title="Edern ap Nudd">Edern ap Nudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_of_Northumbria" title="Edwin of Northumbria">Edwin of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldol" title="Eldol">Eldol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldol,_Consul_of_Gloucester" title="Eldol, Consul of Gloucester">Eldol, Consul of Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elidurus" title="Elidurus">Elidurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliud" title="Eliud">Eliud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enniaunus" title="Enniaunus">Enniaunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrildis" title="Estrildis">Estrildis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudaf_Hen" title="Eudaf Hen">Eudaf Hen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrex" title="Ferrex">Ferrex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulgenius" title="Fulgenius">Fulgenius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawain" title="Gawain">Gawain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerennus" title="Gerennus">Gerennus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goffar_the_Pict" title="Goffar the Pict">Goffar the Pict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gogmagog_(folklore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gogmagog (folklore)">Gogmagog (folklore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goneril" title="Goneril">Goneril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorboduc" title="Gorboduc">Gorboduc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorbonianus" title="Gorbonianus">Gorbonianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlois" title="Gorlois">Gorlois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gracianus_Municeps" title="Gracianus Municeps">Gracianus Municeps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiderius" title="Guiderius">Guiderius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinevere" title="Guinevere">Guinevere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guithelin" title="Guithelin">Guithelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurgintius" title="Gurgintius">Gurgintius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurguit_Barbtruc" title="Gurguit Barbtruc">Gurguit Barbtruc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurgustius" title="Gurgustius">Gurgustius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwenddoleu_ap_Ceidio" title="Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio">Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwenddydd" title="Gwenddydd">Gwenddydd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Gwendolen" title="Queen Gwendolen">Queen Gwendolen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_(empress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Helena (empress)">Helena (empress)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helenus" class="mw-redirect" title="Helenus">Helenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengist_and_Horsa" title="Hengist and Horsa">Hengist and Horsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoel">Hoel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humber_the_Hun" title="Humber the Hun">Humber the Hun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iago_ap_Beli" title="Iago ap Beli">Iago ap Beli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idvallo" title="Idvallo">Idvallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igraine" title="Igraine">Igraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenius_of_Britain" title="Ingenius of Britain">Ingenius of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innogen" title="Innogen">Innogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jago_of_Britain" title="Jago of Britain">Jago of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_and_Aaron" title="Julius and Aaron">Julius and Aaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Asclepiodotus" title="Julius Asclepiodotus">Julius Asclepiodotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Kay" title="Sir Kay">Sir Kay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keredic" title="Keredic">Keredic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimarcus" title="Kimarcus">Kimarcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinarius" title="Kinarius">Kinarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latinus" title="Latinus">Latinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavinia" title="Lavinia">Lavinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leil" title="Leil">Leil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leir_of_Britain" title="Leir of Britain">Leir of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locrinus" title="Locrinus">Locrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Lot" title="King Lot">King Lot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_of_Britain" title="Lucius of Britain">Lucius of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Tiberius" title="Lucius Tiberius">Lucius Tiberius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lud_son_of_Heli" class="mw-redirect" title="Lud son of Heli">Lud son of Heli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maddan" title="Maddan">Maddan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maelgwn_Gwynedd" title="Maelgwn Gwynedd">Maelgwn Gwynedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Maximus" title="Magnus Maximus">Magnus Maximus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandubracius" title="Mandubracius">Mandubracius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Marcia" title="Queen Marcia">Queen Marcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marganus" title="Marganus">Marganus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marganus_II" title="Marganus II">Marganus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_of_Britain" title="Marius of Britain">Marius of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mempricius" title="Mempricius">Mempricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merianus" title="Merianus">Merianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlin" title="Merlin">Merlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millus" title="Millus">Millus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordred" title="Mordred">Mordred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgause" title="Morgause">Morgause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morvidus" title="Morvidus">Morvidus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrddin_Wyllt" title="Myrddin Wyllt">Myrddin Wyllt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nennius_of_Britain" title="Nennius of Britain">Nennius of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octa_of_Kent" title="Octa of Kent">Octa of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenus" title="Oenus">Oenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_of_Northumbria" title="Oswald of Northumbria">Oswald of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswiu_of_Northumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Oswiu of Northumbria">Oswiu of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owain_mab_Urien" title="Owain mab Urien">Owain mab Urien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandrasus" title="Pandrasus">Pandrasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penda_of_Mercia" title="Penda of Mercia">Penda of Mercia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peredur" title="Peredur">Peredur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peredurus" title="Peredurus">Peredurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_of_the_Britons" title="Pir of the Britons">Pir of the Britons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porrex_I" title="Porrex I">Porrex I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porrex_II" title="Porrex II">Porrex II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publius_Septimius_Geta" class="mw-redirect" title="Publius Septimius Geta">Publius Septimius Geta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintus_Laberius_Durus" title="Quintus Laberius Durus">Quintus Laberius Durus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redechius" title="Redechius">Redechius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redon_of_Britain" title="Redon of Britain">Redon of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regan_(King_Lear)" title="Regan (King Lear)">Regan (King Lear)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhydderch_Hael" title="Rhydderch Hael">Rhydderch Hael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rience" class="mw-redirect" title="Rience">Rience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivallo" title="Rivallo">Rivallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rud_Hud_Hudibras" title="Rud Hud Hudibras">Rud Hud Hudibras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runo_(legendary_king)" class="mw-redirect" title="Runo (legendary king)">Runo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawyl_Penuchel" title="Sawyl Penuchel">Sawyl Penuchel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvius_(mythology)" title="Silvius (mythology)">Silvius (mythology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisillius_I" title="Sisillius I">Sisillius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisillius_II" title="Sisillius II">Sisillius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisillius_III" title="Sisillius III">Sisillius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_Gorbonianus" title="Son of Gorbonianus">Son of Gorbonianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin">Taliesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasciovanus" title="Tasciovanus">Tasciovanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trahern" title="Trahern">Trahern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnus" title="Turnus">Turnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urianus" title="Urianus">Urianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uther_Pendragon" title="Uther Pendragon">Uther Pendragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venissa" title="Venissa">Venissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortigern" title="Vortigern">Vortigern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortimer" title="Vortimer">Vortimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortiporius" title="Vortiporius">Vortiporius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfhere_of_Mercia" title="Wulfhere of Mercia">Wulfhere of Mercia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ywain" title="Ywain">Ywain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelberht_of_Kent" title="Æthelberht of Kent">Æthelberht of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelfrith_of_Northumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelfrith of Northumbria">Æthelfrith of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%92thelwald_of_Deira" title="Œthelwald of Deira">Œthelwald of Deira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avalon" title="Avalon">Avalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arfderydd" title="Battle of Arfderydd">Battle of Arfderydd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badon" title="Battle of Badon">Battle of Badon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camlann" title="Battle of Camlann">Battle of Camlann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guoloph" title="Battle of Guoloph">Battle of Guoloph</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brut_y_Tywysogion" title="Brut y Tywysogion">Brut y Tywysogion</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Excalibur</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gesta_Regum_Britanniae" title="Gesta Regum Britanniae">Gesta Regum Britanniae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lailoken" title="Lailoken">Lailoken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legendary_kings_of_Britain" title="List of legendary kings of Britain">List of legendary kings of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legendary_rulers_of_Cornwall" title="List of legendary rulers of Cornwall">List of legendary rulers of Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logres" title="Logres">Logres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Matter of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molmutine_Laws" title="Molmutine Laws">Molmutine Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nennius" title="Nennius">Nennius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pridwen" title="Pridwen">Pridwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riothamus" title="Riothamus">Riothamus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Malvam" title="River Malvam">River Malvam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Exeter_(c._630)" title="Siege of Exeter (c. 630)">Siege of Exeter (c. 630)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locations_associated_with_Arthurian_legend" class="mw-redirect" title="Locations associated with Arthurian legend">Locations associated with Arthurian legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treason_of_the_Long_Knives" title="Treason of the Long Knives">Treason of the Long Knives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinovantum" title="Trinovantum">Trinovantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_genealogy_of_Nennius" title="Trojan genealogy of Nennius">Trojan genealogy of Nennius</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vera_historia_de_morte_Arthuri" title="Vera historia de morte Arthuri">Vera historia de morte Arthuri</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_of_Oxford" title="Walter of Oxford">Walter of Oxford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Notable_swords197" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Notable_swords" title="Template:Notable swords"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Notable_swords" title="Template talk:Notable swords"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Notable_swords" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Notable swords"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Notable_swords197" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Notable <a href="/wiki/Sword" title="Sword">swords</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_swords" title="List of historical swords">Historical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Eastern14" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preah_Khan_Reach" title="Preah Khan Reach">Preah Khan Reach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven-Branched_Sword" title="Seven-Branched Sword">Seven-Branched Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugari_no_Ontachi" title="Sugari no Ontachi">Sugari no Ontachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_of_Goujian" title="Sword of Goujian">Sword of Goujian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_of_Osman" title="Sword of Osman">Sword of Osman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_of_Victory" title="Sword of Victory">Sword of Victory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenka-Goken" title="Tenka-Goken">Tenka-Goken</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballinderry_Sword" title="Ballinderry Sword">Ballinderry Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessed_sword_and_hat" title="Blessed sword and hat">Blessed swords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colada" title="Colada">Colada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtana" title="Curtana">Curtana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curved_saber_of_San_Mart%C3%ADn" title="Curved saber of San Martín">Curved saber of San Martín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunwald_Swords" title="Grunwald Swords">Grunwald Swords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyeuse" title="Joyeuse">Joyeuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobera_(sword)" title="Lobera (sword)">Lobera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legbiter" class="mw-redirect" title="Legbiter">Legbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_of_Islam_(Mussolini)" title="Sword of Islam (Mussolini)">Sword of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_of_Peter" title="Sword of Peter">Sword of Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_of_Saint_Wenceslas" title="Sword of Saint Wenceslas">Sword of Saint Wenceslas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_of_State_of_South_Carolina" title="Sword of State of South Carolina">Sword of State of South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_of_Stalingrad" title="Sword of Stalingrad">Sword of Stalingrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczerbiec" title="Szczerbiec">Szczerbiec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tizona" title="Tizona">Tizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulfberht_swords" title="Ulfberht swords">Ulfberht swords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Sword" title="Wallace Sword">Wallace Sword</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Degen_-_Fig._1,2,12._Neue_preu%C3%9Fische_Degen._%E2%80%93_3_u._4_Degen_Philipps_II._von_Spanien._%E2%80%93_5._Degen_....jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Degen_-_Fig._1%2C2%2C12._Neue_preu%C3%9Fische_Degen._%E2%80%93_3_u._4_Degen_Philipps_II._von_Spanien._%E2%80%93_5._Degen_....jpg/80px-Degen_-_Fig._1%2C2%2C12._Neue_preu%C3%9Fische_Degen._%E2%80%93_3_u._4_Degen_Philipps_II._von_Spanien._%E2%80%93_5._Degen_....jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Degen_-_Fig._1%2C2%2C12._Neue_preu%C3%9Fische_Degen._%E2%80%93_3_u._4_Degen_Philipps_II._von_Spanien._%E2%80%93_5._Degen_....jpg/120px-Degen_-_Fig._1%2C2%2C12._Neue_preu%C3%9Fische_Degen._%E2%80%93_3_u._4_Degen_Philipps_II._von_Spanien._%E2%80%93_5._Degen_....jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Degen_-_Fig._1%2C2%2C12._Neue_preu%C3%9Fische_Degen._%E2%80%93_3_u._4_Degen_Philipps_II._von_Spanien._%E2%80%93_5._Degen_....jpg/160px-Degen_-_Fig._1%2C2%2C12._Neue_preu%C3%9Fische_Degen._%E2%80%93_3_u._4_Degen_Philipps_II._von_Spanien._%E2%80%93_5._Degen_....jpg 2x" data-file-width="1950" data-file-height="1665" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mythological_objects#Swords" title="List of mythological objects">Mythical or<br />legendary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asi_(Mahabharata)" title="Asi (Mahabharata)">Asi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura_Si_Manjakini" title="Cura Si Manjakini">Cura Si Manjakini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gan_Jiang_and_Mo_Ye" title="Gan Jiang and Mo Ye">Gan Jiang and Mo Ye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kris#Kris_Mpu_Gandring" title="Kris">Kris Mpu Gandring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kris#Kris_Setan_Kober" title="Kris">Kris Setan Kober</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kris#Kris_Taming_Sari" title="Kris">Kris Taming Sari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusanagi_no_Tsurugi" title="Kusanagi no Tsurugi">Kusanagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandaka" title="Nandaka">Nandaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamshir-e_Zomorrodnegar" title="Shamshir-e Zomorrodnegar">Shamshir-e Zomorrodnegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thu%E1%BA%ADn_Thi%C3%AAn_(sword)" title="Thuận Thiên (sword)">Thuận Thiên</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totsuka-no-Tsurugi" title="Totsuka-no-Tsurugi">Totsuka-no-Tsurugi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulfiqar" title="Zulfiqar">Zulfiqar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almace" class="mw-redirect" title="Almace">Almace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caladbolg" title="Caladbolg">Caladbolg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnwennan" title="Carnwennan">Carnwennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cla%C3%ADomh_Solais" title="Claíomh Solais">Claíomh Solais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarent" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarent">Clarent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1insleif" title="Dáinsleif">Dáinsleif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durendal" title="Durendal">Durendal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Treasures_of_the_Island_of_Britain#Dyrnwyn,_the_Sword_of_Rhydderch_Hael" title="Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain">Dyrnwyn</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Excalibur</a> (Caledfwlch)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fragarach" title="Fragarach">Fragarach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gram_(mythology)" title="Gram (mythology)">Gram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpe" title="Harpe">Harpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauteclere" class="mw-redirect" title="Hauteclere">Hauteclere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C7%ABfu%C3%B0" title="Hǫfuð">Hǫfuð</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrotti" title="Hrotti">Hrotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrunting" title="Hrunting">Hrunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_Kladenets" title="Sword Kladenets">Kladenets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A6vateinn" title="Lævateinn">Lævateinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimung" class="mw-redirect" title="Mimung">Mimung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mistilteinn" title="Mistilteinn">Mistilteinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murgleys" title="Murgleys">Murgleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A6gling" title="Nægling">Nægling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9cieuse" title="Précieuse">Précieuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ri%C3%B0ill" title="Riðill">Riðill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skofnung" title="Skofnung">Skofnung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_of_Freyr" title="Sword of Freyr">Sword of Freyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_of_Attila" title="Sword of Attila">Sword of Attila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damocles#Sword_of_Damocles" title="Damocles">Sword of Damocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrfing" title="Tyrfing">Tyrfing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Note: some of the existing swords are named after earlier legendary ones.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Excalibur&oldid=1279837357#Arthur's_other_weapons">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Excalibur&oldid=1279837357#Arthur's_other_weapons</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arthurian_legend" title="Category:Arthurian legend">Arthurian legend</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Medieval_European_swords" title="Category:Medieval European swords">Medieval European swords</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fictional_elements_introduced_in_the_11th_century" 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