CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html class="client-nojs mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="eo" dir="ltr"> <head> <base href="https://eo.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malnovfranka_lingvo"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Malnovfranka lingvo - Vikipedio</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )eowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","januaro","februaro","marto","aprilo","majo","junio","julio","aŭgusto","septembro","oktobro","novembro","decembro"],"wgRequestId":"b45399f2-6c9b-4dc5-ba48-352c8f613c68","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Malnovfranka_lingvo","wgTitle":"Malnovfranka lingvo","wgCurRevisionId":8344526,"wgRevisionId":8344526,"wgArticleId":549534, "wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"eo","wgPageContentLanguage":"eo","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Malnovfranka_lingvo","wgRelevantArticleId":549534,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"accuracy":{"levels":1}}},"wgStableRevisionId":8344526,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"eo","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"eo"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true, "wgMFScriptPath":"","wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":6000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":true,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgSectionTranslationMissingLanguages":[{"lang":"ace","autonym":"Acèh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ady","autonym":"адыгабзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"alt","autonym":"алтай тил","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"am","autonym":"አማርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ami","autonym":"Pangcah","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ang","autonym":"Ænglisc","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ann","autonym":"Obolo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"anp","autonym":"अंगिका","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ary","autonym":"الدارجة","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"arz","autonym":"مصرى","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"as","autonym":"অসমীয়া","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"av","autonym":"авар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"avk","autonym":"Kotava","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"awa","autonym":"अवधी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ay","autonym":"Aymar aru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "az","autonym":"azərbaycanca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"azb","autonym":"تۆرکجه","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ba","autonym":"башҡортса","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ban","autonym":"Basa Bali","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bar","autonym":"Boarisch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bbc","autonym":"Batak Toba","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bcl","autonym":"Bikol Central","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bdr","autonym":"Bajau Sama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bew","autonym":"Betawi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bg","autonym":"български","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bho","autonym":"भोजपुरी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bi","autonym":"Bislama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bjn","autonym":"Banjar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"blk","autonym":"ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bm","autonym":"bamanankan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bn","autonym":"বাংলা","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bo","autonym":"བོད་ཡིག","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bpy","autonym":"বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী","dir":"ltr" },{"lang":"bs","autonym":"bosanski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"btm","autonym":"Batak Mandailing","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bug","autonym":"Basa Ugi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ca","autonym":"català","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cdo","autonym":"閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ce","autonym":"нохчийн","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ceb","autonym":"Cebuano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ch","autonym":"Chamoru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"chr","autonym":"ᏣᎳᎩ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ckb","autonym":"کوردی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"co","autonym":"corsu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cr","autonym":"Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"crh","autonym":"qırımtatarca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cu","autonym":"словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cy","autonym":"Cymraeg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"da","autonym":"dansk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dag","autonym":"dagbanli","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dga","autonym":"Dagaare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"din","autonym": "Thuɔŋjäŋ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"diq","autonym":"Zazaki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dsb","autonym":"dolnoserbski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dtp","autonym":"Kadazandusun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dv","autonym":"ދިވެހިބަސް","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"dz","autonym":"ཇོང་ཁ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ee","autonym":"eʋegbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"el","autonym":"Ελληνικά","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eml","autonym":"emiliàn e rumagnòl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"et","autonym":"eesti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eu","autonym":"euskara","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fat","autonym":"mfantse","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ff","autonym":"Fulfulde","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fi","autonym":"suomi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fj","autonym":"Na Vosa Vakaviti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fo","autonym":"føroyskt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fon","autonym":"fɔ̀ngbè","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frp","autonym":"arpetan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frr","autonym":"Nordfriisk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fur","autonym":"furlan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gag","autonym": "Gagauz","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gan","autonym":"贛語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gcr","autonym":"kriyòl gwiyannen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"glk","autonym":"گیلکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"gn","autonym":"Avañe'ẽ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gom","autonym":"गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gor","autonym":"Bahasa Hulontalo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gpe","autonym":"Ghanaian Pidgin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gu","autonym":"ગુજરાતી","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guc","autonym":"wayuunaiki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gur","autonym":"farefare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guw","autonym":"gungbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gv","autonym":"Gaelg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ha","autonym":"Hausa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hak","autonym":"客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"haw","autonym":"Hawaiʻi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"he","autonym":"עברית","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"hi","autonym":"हिन्दी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hif","autonym":"Fiji Hindi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "hsb","autonym":"hornjoserbsce","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ht","autonym":"Kreyòl ayisyen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hu","autonym":"magyar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hy","autonym":"հայերեն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hyw","autonym":"Արեւմտահայերէն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ia","autonym":"interlingua","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iba","autonym":"Jaku Iban","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ie","autonym":"Interlingue","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ig","autonym":"Igbo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"igl","autonym":"Igala","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ilo","autonym":"Ilokano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"io","autonym":"Ido","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"is","autonym":"íslenska","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iu","autonym":"ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jam","autonym":"Patois","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jv","autonym":"Jawa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ka","autonym":"ქართული","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kaa","autonym":"Qaraqalpaqsha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kab","autonym":"Taqbaylit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbd","autonym": "адыгэбзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbp","autonym":"Kabɩyɛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kcg","autonym":"Tyap","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kg","autonym":"Kongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kge","autonym":"Kumoring","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ki","autonym":"Gĩkũyũ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kk","autonym":"қазақша","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kl","autonym":"kalaallisut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"km","autonym":"ភាសាខ្មែរ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kn","autonym":"ಕನ್ನಡ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"koi","autonym":"перем коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"krc","autonym":"къарачай-малкъар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ks","autonym":"कॉशुर / کٲشُر","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ku","autonym":"kurdî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kus","autonym":"Kʋsaal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kv","autonym":"коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kw","autonym":"kernowek","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ky","autonym":"кыргызча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lad","autonym":"Ladino","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lb","autonym": "Lëtzebuergesch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lez","autonym":"лезги","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lg","autonym":"Luganda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"li","autonym":"Limburgs","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lij","autonym":"Ligure","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lld","autonym":"Ladin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lmo","autonym":"lombard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ln","autonym":"lingála","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lo","autonym":"ລາວ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ltg","autonym":"latgaļu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lv","autonym":"latviešu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mad","autonym":"Madhurâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mai","autonym":"मैथिली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"map-bms","autonym":"Basa Banyumasan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mdf","autonym":"мокшень","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mg","autonym":"Malagasy","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mhr","autonym":"олык марий","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mi","autonym":"Māori","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"min","autonym":"Minangkabau","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mk","autonym":"македонски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ml", "autonym":"മലയാളം","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mn","autonym":"монгол","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mni","autonym":"ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mnw","autonym":"ဘာသာမန်","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mos","autonym":"moore","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mr","autonym":"मराठी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mrj","autonym":"кырык мары","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ms","autonym":"Bahasa Melayu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mt","autonym":"Malti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mwl","autonym":"Mirandés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"my","autonym":"မြန်မာဘာသာ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"myv","autonym":"эрзянь","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mzn","autonym":"مازِرونی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nah","autonym":"Nāhuatl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nan","autonym":"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nap","autonym":"Napulitano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nb","autonym":"norsk bokmål","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds","autonym":"Plattdüütsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds-nl","autonym": "Nedersaksies","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ne","autonym":"नेपाली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"new","autonym":"नेपाल भाषा","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nia","autonym":"Li Niha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nqo","autonym":"ߒߞߏ","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nr","autonym":"isiNdebele seSewula","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nso","autonym":"Sesotho sa Leboa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ny","autonym":"Chi-Chewa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"oc","autonym":"occitan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"om","autonym":"Oromoo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"or","autonym":"ଓଡ଼ିଆ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"os","autonym":"ирон","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pa","autonym":"ਪੰਜਾਬੀ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pag","autonym":"Pangasinan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pam","autonym":"Kapampangan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pap","autonym":"Papiamentu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcd","autonym":"Picard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcm","autonym":"Naijá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pdc","autonym":"Deitsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pl","autonym":"polski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "pms","autonym":"Piemontèis","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pnb","autonym":"پنجابی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ps","autonym":"پښتو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"pwn","autonym":"pinayuanan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"qu","autonym":"Runa Simi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rm","autonym":"rumantsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rn","autonym":"ikirundi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ro","autonym":"română","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rsk","autonym":"руски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rue","autonym":"русиньскый","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rup","autonym":"armãneashti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rw","autonym":"Ikinyarwanda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sa","autonym":"संस्कृतम्","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sah","autonym":"саха тыла","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sat","autonym":"ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sc","autonym":"sardu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"scn","autonym":"sicilianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sco","autonym":"Scots","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sd","autonym":"سنڌي","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"se","autonym": "davvisámegiella","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sg","autonym":"Sängö","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sgs","autonym":"žemaitėška","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sh","autonym":"srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shi","autonym":"Taclḥit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shn","autonym":"ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"si","autonym":"සිංහල","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sk","autonym":"slovenčina","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"skr","autonym":"سرائیکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"sm","autonym":"Gagana Samoa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"smn","autonym":"anarâškielâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sn","autonym":"chiShona","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"so","autonym":"Soomaaliga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sq","autonym":"shqip","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sr","autonym":"српски / srpski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"srn","autonym":"Sranantongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ss","autonym":"SiSwati","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"st","autonym":"Sesotho","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"stq","autonym":"Seeltersk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"su", "autonym":"Sunda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sv","autonym":"svenska","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sw","autonym":"Kiswahili","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"szl","autonym":"ślůnski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ta","autonym":"தமிழ்","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tay","autonym":"Tayal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tcy","autonym":"ತುಳು","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tdd","autonym":"ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"te","autonym":"తెలుగు","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tet","autonym":"tetun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tg","autonym":"тоҷикӣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"th","autonym":"ไทย","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ti","autonym":"ትግርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tk","autonym":"Türkmençe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tl","autonym":"Tagalog","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tly","autonym":"tolışi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tn","autonym":"Setswana","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"to","autonym":"lea faka-Tonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tpi","autonym":"Tok Pisin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"trv","autonym":"Seediq","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ts" ,"autonym":"Xitsonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tt","autonym":"татарча / tatarça","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tum","autonym":"chiTumbuka","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tw","autonym":"Twi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ty","autonym":"reo tahiti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tyv","autonym":"тыва дыл","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"udm","autonym":"удмурт","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ur","autonym":"اردو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"uz","autonym":"oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ve","autonym":"Tshivenda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vec","autonym":"vèneto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vep","autonym":"vepsän kel’","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vi","autonym":"Tiếng Việt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vls","autonym":"West-Vlams","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vo","autonym":"Volapük","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vro","autonym":"võro","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"war","autonym":"Winaray","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wo","autonym":"Wolof","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wuu","autonym":"吴语","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xal","autonym":"хальмг","dir":"ltr"},{"lang" :"xh","autonym":"isiXhosa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xmf","autonym":"მარგალური","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yi","autonym":"ייִדיש","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"yo","autonym":"Yorùbá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yue","autonym":"粵語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"za","autonym":"Vahcuengh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zgh","autonym":"ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zu","autonym":"isiZulu","dir":"ltr"}],"wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur", "guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tk","tl","tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve", "vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":true,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q10860505","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":false,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":false},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0 ]};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.niceInfoboxes":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","ext.relatedArticles.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","ext.gadget.Rekta-ligilo-al-Komunejo","ext.gadget.DocTabs","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.relatedArticles.readMore.bootstrap", "ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.mffrequentlanguages","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=eo&modules=ext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async src="/w/load.php?lang=eo&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=eo&modules=ext.gadget.niceInfoboxes&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Franken_Expansion_bis_6Jhdt.png/1200px-Franken_Expansion_bis_6Jhdt.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="956"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Franken_Expansion_bis_6Jhdt.png/800px-Franken_Expansion_bis_6Jhdt.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="637"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Franken_Expansion_bis_6Jhdt.png/640px-Franken_Expansion_bis_6Jhdt.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="510"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="Malnovfranka lingvo - Vikipedio"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Redakti" href="/w/index.php?title=Malnovfranka_lingvo&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Vikipedio (eo)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//eo.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malnovfranka_lingvo"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.eo"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-By" content="Google"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-To" content="en"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.1hbgkFx4Qn8.O/am=DgY/d=1/rs=AN8SPfqlmAPxwfG457BPbRXwNq39oSMGHg/m=corsproxy" data-sourceurl="https://eo.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malnovfranka_lingvo"></script> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20..48,100..700,0..1,-50..200" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.1hbgkFx4Qn8.O/am=DgY/d=1/exm=corsproxy/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfqlmAPxwfG457BPbRXwNq39oSMGHg/m=phishing_protection" data-phishing-protection-enabled="false" data-forms-warning-enabled="true" data-source-url="https://eo.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malnovfranka_lingvo"></script> <meta name="robots" content="none"> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Malnovfranka_lingvo rootpage-Malnovfranka_lingvo stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.1hbgkFx4Qn8.O/am=DgY/d=1/exm=corsproxy,phishing_protection/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfqlmAPxwfG457BPbRXwNq39oSMGHg/m=navigationui" data-environment="prod" data-proxy-url="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog" data-proxy-full-url="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malnovfranka_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-source-url="https://eo.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malnovfranka_lingvo" data-source-language="auto" data-target-language="en" data-display-language="en-GB" data-detected-source-language="eo" data-is-source-untranslated="false" data-source-untranslated-url="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malnovfranka_lingvo&anno=2" data-client="tr"></script> <div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"><a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malnovfranka_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"><input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--menu"></span> <span></span> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipedio:%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--home"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Ĉefpaĝo</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Hazarda_pa%C4%9Do?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--die"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Hazarde</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Apude?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--mapPin"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Ĉirkaŭe</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--login" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Ensaluti&returnto=Malnovfranka+lingvo&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--logIn"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Ensaluti</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Opcioj_pri_po%C5%9Daparato&returnto=Malnovfranka+lingvo&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--settings"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Agordoj</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source%3Ddonate%26utm_medium%3Dsidebar%26utm_campaign%3DC13_eo.wikipedia.org%26uselang%3Deo%26utm_key%3Dminerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--heart"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Donaci</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipedio:Enkonduko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Pri Vikipedio</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipedio:Malgarantio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Malgarantioj</span> </a></li> </ul> </div><label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipedio:%C4%88efpa%C4%9Do?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-eo.svg" alt="Vikipedio" width="110" height="18" style="width: 6.875em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"><input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specialaĵo:Serĉi"> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Serĉi tra Vikipedio" aria-label="Serĉi tra Vikipedio" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Serĉi tra Vikipedio [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Serĉi</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="Uzanto-navigado"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Malnovfranka lingvo</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malnovfranka_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Lingvo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Lingvo</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Ensaluti&returnto=Malnovfranka+lingvo&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Atenti</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malnovfranka_lingvo&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Redakti</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eo" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p><i>Ĉi tiu artikolo estas pri la ĝermana lingvo parolita de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frankoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frankoj">Frankoj</a>. Por la latinida lingvo parolita en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franka_Imperio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Franka Imperio">Franka Imperio</a>, vidu: <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malnovfranca_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malnovfranca lingvo">Malnovfranca lingvo</a></i></p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Bergakker_runes.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bergakker_runes.png/254px-Bergakker_runes.png" decoding="async" width="254" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Bergakker_runes.png/381px-Bergakker_runes.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Bergakker_runes.png 2x" data-file-width="424" data-file-height="86"></a> <figcaption> Malnovfranka enskribaĵo sur glavingo el la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5-a jarcento">5-a jarcento</a>, trovita en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gelderland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelderland">Gelderland</a> </figcaption> </figure> <table class="infobox" style="border: gray solid 1px; width: 23em; -moz-box-shadow: 4px 4px 4px #CCC; -webkit-box-shadow: 4px 4px 4px #CCC; box-shadow: 4px 4px 4px #CCC;"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#c9ffd9; color:black;" colspan="2" class="kaplinio komikso"><b>Malnovfranka</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#c9ffd9; color:black;" colspan="2"><span style="font-size:1.5em; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic;"><i>*frankisk</i></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#c9ffd9; color:black;"><b>lingvo • historia lingvo</b></th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#c9ffd9; color:black;"><b><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaltfranka_lingvaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malaltfranka lingvaro">Malaltfranka lingvo</a></b></th> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Parolita en</b></td> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franka_Imperio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Franka Imperio">Franka Imperio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sankta_Romia_Imperio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sankta Romia Imperio">Sankta Romia Imperio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germania_Magna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germania Magna">Germania Magna</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gallia_Belgica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gallia Belgica">Gallia Belgica</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Skribo</b></td> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Runo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Runo">runoj</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Morto</b></td> <td>ĉ. la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="10-a jarcento">10-a jarcento</a>, vokabularo parte postvivis en aliaj lingvoj</td> </tr> <tr> <th align="center" style="background-color:#c9ffd9; color:black;" colspan="2"><b>Lingvistika <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lingva_familio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lingva familio"><span style="color:black; border:1px dotted black;background-color:#c9ffd9; color:black;">klasifiko</span></a></b></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hinde%C5%ADropa_lingvaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hindeŭropa lingvaro">Hindeŭropa</a><br> <dl> <dd> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%9Cermana_lingvaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ĝermana lingvaro">Ĝermana</a> <dl> <dd> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Okcident%C4%9Dermana_lingvaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Okcidentĝermana lingvaro">Okcidentĝermana</a> </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl></td> </tr> <tr> <th align="center" style="background-color:#c9ffd9; color:black;" colspan="2">Lingvaj kodoj</th> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Lingvaj kodoj</b></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>  <b><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_639?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-2</b></td> <td>gem</td> </tr> <tr> <td>  <b><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_639-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></b></td> <td>frk</td> </tr> <tr> <td>  <b>Glottolog</b></td> <td>fran1264</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angla_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angla lingvo">Angla</a> nomo</b></td> <td>Frankish</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franca_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franca lingvo">Franca</a> nomo</b></td> <td>francique</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="shangu-shablonon infoboximage" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:0 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em"> <div class="noprint toccolours" style="border:2px solid #a2a9b1;padding:5px;background-color:#c9ffd9;color:black;font-size:xx-small;font-weight:normal"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10860505" title="d:Q10860505"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/15px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/23px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590"></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipedio:Informkestoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vikipedio:Informkestoj"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/15px-Information_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/23px-Information_icon.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/30px-Information_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620"></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure><span class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="text-align:center"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%9Cablono:Informkesto_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ŝablono:Informkesto lingvo">v</a> • <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%9Cablono-Diskuto:Informkesto_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ŝablono-Diskuto:Informkesto lingvo">d</a> • <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%25C5%259Cablono%253AInformkesto_lingvo%26action%3Dedit">r</a></span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Franken_Expansion_bis_6Jhdt.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Franken_Expansion_bis_6Jhdt.png/254px-Franken_Expansion_bis_6Jhdt.png" decoding="async" width="254" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Franken_Expansion_bis_6Jhdt.png/381px-Franken_Expansion_bis_6Jhdt.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Franken_Expansion_bis_6Jhdt.png/508px-Franken_Expansion_bis_6Jhdt.png 2x" data-file-width="2102" data-file-height="1674"></a> <figcaption> Disvastiĝo de la malnovfranka lingvo en la 5-a jarcento </figcaption> </figure> <p>La <b>malnovfranka lingvo</b> (ankaŭ <b>franka</b> aŭ <b>malnovfrankonia lingvo</b>) estis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Okcident%C4%9Dermana_lingvaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Okcidentĝermana lingvaro">okcidentĝermana lingvo</a> parolita far la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frankoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frankoj">Frankoj</a>. Ĝi estingiĝis proksimume en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="10-a jarcento">10-a jarcento</a> restante nur malabunde dokumentita. Dum la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Merovidoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Merovidoj">merovida periodo</a>, dank' al la ascendo de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franka_imperio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franka imperio">Frankan Regnon</a> sur la teritorio de la eksa <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romia_Imperio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romia Imperio">Romia Imperio</a>, la lingvo havis iom da influon al la evolucio ekde la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vulgara_latino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vulgara latino">vulgara latino</a> al la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latinidaj_lingvoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinidaj lingvoj">latinidaj lingvoj</a>, precipe je la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malnovfranca_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malnovfranca lingvo">malnovfranca lingvo</a>. Dum la frua <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mezepoko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mezepoko">Mezepoko</a>, la malnovfranka lingvo estis parolita fakte nur far la merovida kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karolidoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karolidoj">karolida</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monar%C4%A5io?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarĥio">nobelaro</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kavaliro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kavaliro">kavaliraro</a> de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sankta_Romia_Imperio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sankta Romia Imperio">Sankta Romia Imperio</a> dum la loĝantaro konservis siajn proprajn lingvojn (vulgara latino, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%9Cermanaj_lingvoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ĝermanaj lingvoj">ĝermanaj lingvoj</a> de subigitaj triboj ktp.) Unuajn indikojn de franklingvaj homoj ni ricevis de romiaj kronikistoj de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="3-a jarcento">3-a jarcento</a>. La modernaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luksemburga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Luksemburga">luksemburga</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlanda_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nederlanda lingvo">nederlanda lingvoj</a>, same la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ripuara_dialektaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ripuara dialektaro">ripuara dialektaro</a> kaj aliaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mezgermana_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mezgermana lingvo">mezgermanaj</a> variaĵoj havas malnovfrankan <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Substrato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Substrato">substraton</a>. La malnovfranka influis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Franca">francan</a>, nederlandan, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Angla">anglan</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Itala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Itala">italan</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispana">hispanan</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Germana">germanan</a> lingvojn kaj postlasis en ĉi tiuj multnombrajn vortojn.</p> <p>Kvazaŭ nenio estas konata pri la skribo krome la uzo de la pli malnova el du <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Run?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Run">runo</a>-sistemoj. Nur raraj artefaktoj atestas frankan skribkulturon dum la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eloriente%C5%ADropaj_popolmigradoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Elorienteŭropaj popolmigradoj">Elorienteŭropaj popolmigradoj</a>. Frankaj kronikistoj (interalie <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gregorio_de_Tours?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gregorio de Tours">Gregorio de Tours</a>) preferis verki <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latina_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latina lingvo">latine</a> kaj ili nur malofte insertis malnovfrankajn vokablojn en iliaj tekstoj. La nobelaro de la okcidenta regno preferis la malnovfrancan lingvon ekde la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8-a jarcento">8-a jarcento</a>, ankaŭ skribite kiel por la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%B4uroj_de_Strasburgo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ĵuroj de Strasburgo">Ĵuroj de Strasburgo</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Listo_de_esperantaj_vortradikoj_de_malnovfranka_origino">Listo de esperantaj vortradikoj de malnovfranka origino</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malnovfranka_lingvo&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Listo de esperantaj vortradikoj de malnovfranka origino" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>La Esperanta vortaro kontenas plurajn radikojn el naciaj lingvoj kiuj spertis longdaŭran frankan influon.</p> <ul> <li><b>abandon-</b>, de <i>*ban</i> "ordono"</li> <li><b>aranĝ-</b>, de <i>*hring</i> "vico, grupo, sekvenco en ciklo"</li> <li><b>-ard-</b>, de la sufikso <i>*-hard</i> "dura, masiva"</li> <li><b>atak-</b>, de <i>*stakon</i> "stiki, dismarki, montrigi proprietaĵon"</li> <li><b>baron-</b>, de <i>*baro</i> "(libera) viro"</li> <li><b>blond-</b>, de <i>*blunt</i> "nuanco inter orkolore kaj helbrune"</li> <li><b>bordel-</b>, de <i>*bord</i>, tiusence "ligna aŭ plankita kabano"</li> <li><b>bot-</b>, de <i>*butt</i> "rajdboto"</li> <li><b>debut-</b>, de <i>*bottan</i> "puŝi, bati"</li> <li><b>emajl-</b>, de <i>*smalt</i> "fandaĵo"</li> <li><b>embusk-</b>, de <i>*busk</i> "arbedo, arbaĵo"</li> <li><b>-esk-</b>, de <i>*-isk</i>, adjektiviganta sufikso</li> <li><b>feŭd-</b>, de <i>*fehu-od</i> el "posedo" kaj "riĉaĵoj"</li> <li><b>flank-</b>, de <i>*hlank</i> "longo, flanko"</li> <li><b>franc-</b>, de <i>*frank</i> "libera viro, libera"</li> <li><b>-frank-</b>, vidu franc-</li> <li><b>frok-</b>, de <i>*hrok</i> "mantelo"</li> <li><b>-gaĝ-</b>, de <i>*wadjan</i> "rekompenci, promesi, interkonsentiĝi<i></i></li> <li><b>gajn-</b>, de <i>*wadanjan</i> "ricevi manĝaĵon"</li> <li><b>gal-</b>, de <i>*wala</i> "bone, bona"</li> <li><b>galop-</b>, de <i>*wala</i> "bone" kaj <i>*laupan</i> "kuri"</li> <li><b>garant-</b>, de <i>*waron</i> "gardi, averti, konservi"</li> <li><b>-gard-</b>, de <i>*wardon</i> "gardi, observi, gvati"</li> <li><b>garn-</b>, de <i>*warnijan</i> "plifortigi, fiksi, atenti"</li> <li><b>girland-</b>, verŝajne de <i>*weron</i> "dekoracii, ornami"</li> <li><b>glis-</b>, de <i>*glidan</i> "gliti, glisi"</li> <li><b>grat-</b>, de <i>*kratton</i> "grati, skrapi"</li> <li><b>gvid-</b>, de <i>*witan</i> "montri la vojon, konduki"</li> <li><b>ĝarden-</b>, de <i>*gardo</i> "ĝardeno, ĉirkaŭkadrigo"</li> <li><b>hast-</b>, de <i>*haifst</i> "vehemento, perforto"</li> <li><b>hont-</b>, de <i>*haunitha</i> "malestimo, moko, ridindigo"</li> <li><b>kontraband-</b>, vidu "abandon-" supre</li> <li><b>kroĉ-</b>, de <i>*krōk</i> "kroĉilo, hoko"</li> <li><b>log-</b>, de <i>*lothr</i> "logilo, io altiranta viktimon, embusko"</li> <li><b>lot-</b>, de <i>*lōt</i> "lotilo, porcio, gajno"</li> <li><b>loĝ-</b>, de <i>*laubja</i> "dormejo, restejo"</li> <li><b>rang-</b>, de <i>*hring</i>, vidu "aranĝ-"</li> <li><b>rev-</b>, de <i>*rēswan</i> "konsideri, konjekti, konsili"</li> <li><b>rost-</b>, de <i>*hraustjan</i> "kuiri super malfermita fajro"</li> <li><b>ŝel-</b>, de <i>*skallja</i> "ŝelo, karapaco"</li> <li><b>skrap-</b>, vidu grat-</li> <li><b>spion-</b>, de <i>*spehon</i> "skolti, observi"</li> <li><b>stalon-</b>, de <i>*stal</i> "stala"</li> <li><b>standard-</b>, de <i>*stand</i> "staru" kaj <i>*hard</i> "firme"</li> <li><b>ŝtop-</b>, de <i>*stopfon</i> "obturi, fermi farĉante"</li> <li><b>ŝir-</b>, de <i>*skeran</i> "tranĉi, tondi"</li> <li><b>trot-</b>, de <i>*trotton</i> "meti piedon sur io"</li> <li><b>trup-</b>, de <i>*throp</i> "kuniĝo de homoj, bando"</li> <li><b>tuf-</b>, de <i>*topp</i> "harligo"</li> <li><b>tuŝ-</b>, de <i>*tokkon</i> "tuŝi"</li> </ul> <div class="noprint" id="aliaj_projektoj" style="float: right; clear: right; width: 250px; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9;"> <ul class="noarchive"> <li class="commons"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Frankish_language?uselang%3Deo">Kategorio Malnovfranka lingvo en la <span>Vikimedia Komunejo</span></a> (Multrimedaj datumoj)</span></li> </ul> </div> </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Elŝutita el "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DMalnovfranka_lingvo%26oldid%3D8344526">https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malnovfranka_lingvo&oldid=8344526</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malnovfranka_lingvo&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="LiMrBot" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1694979818"> <span>Laste redaktita je 17 sep. 2023, 19:43</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Lingvoj</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_franco" title="Idioma franco — aragona" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma franco" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D9%2586%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2582%25D8%25AF%25D9%258A%25D9%2585%25D8%25A9" title="الفرنكية القديمة — araba" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الفرنكية القديمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_fr%25C3%25A1ncicu" title="Idioma fráncicu — asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma fráncicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B6%25D1%258B%25D1%2582%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2584%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Старажытнафранкская мова — belorusa" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Старажытнафранкская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belorusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankeg" title="Frankeg — bretona" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Frankeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%25C5%25A1tina_(germ%25C3%25A1nsk%25C3%25BD_jazyk)" title="Franština (germánský jazyk) — ĉeĥa" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Franština (germánský jazyk)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ĉeĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altfr%25C3%25A4nkische_Sprache" title="Altfränkische Sprache — germana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Altfränkische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankish_language" title="Frankish language — angla" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Frankish language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_fr%25C3%25A1ncico" title="Idioma fráncico — hispana" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma fráncico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C" title="زبان فرانکی — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان فرانکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieux-francique" title="Vieux-francique — franca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vieux-francique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldfrankysk" title="Aldfrankysk — okcident-frisa" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Aldfrankysk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="okcident-frisa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_fr%25C3%25A1ncica" title="Lingua fráncica — galega" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua fráncica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starofrana%25C4%258Dki_jezik" title="Starofranački jezik — kroata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Starofranački jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Franka" title="Bahasa Franka — indonezia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Franka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_francone_antica" title="Lingua francone antica — itala" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua francone antica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%258F%25A4%25E3%2583%2595%25E3%2583%25A9%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2582%25AF%25E8%25AA%259E" title="古フランク語 — japana" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="古フランク語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25B3%25A0%25EB%258C%2580_%25ED%2594%2584%25EB%259E%2591%25ED%2581%25AC%25EC%2596%25B4" title="고대 프랑크어 — korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고대 프랑크어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Franconica" title="Lingua Franconica — latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Franconica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_(lingua)" title="Franco (lingua) — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Franco (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%25C5%25B3_kalba" title="Frankų kalba — litova" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Frankų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oudfrankisch" title="Oudfrankisch — nederlanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oudfrankisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankisk" title="Frankisk — novnorvega" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Frankisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="novnorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vu%25C3%25BB_fraunchique" title="Vuû fraunchique — Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Vuû fraunchique" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25ADngua_franc%25C3%25B4nica" title="Língua francônica — portugala" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua francônica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2594%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D1%2584%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9_%25D1%258F%25D0%25B7%25D1%258B%25D0%25BA" title="Древнефранкский язык — rusa" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Древнефранкский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankish_language" title="Frankish language — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Frankish language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankovski_jezik" title="Frankovski jezik — slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Frankovski jezik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_dili" title="Frank dili — turka" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Frank dili" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D1%258C%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Франкська мова — ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Франкська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%25C3%25AE_francike" title="Vî francike — valona" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Vî francike" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%258F%25A4%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%2585%25B0%25E5%2585%258B%25E8%25AF%25AD" title="古法兰克语 — ĉina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="古法兰克语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ĉina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-eo.svg" alt="Vikipedio" width="110" height="18" style="width: 6.875em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">Ĉi tiu paĝo estis lastafoje redaktita je 19:43, 17 sep. 2023.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">La enhavo estas disponebla laŭ <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.eo">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>, se ne estas alia indiko.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Regularo pri respekto de la privateco</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipedio:Enkonduko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Pri Vikipedio</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipedio:Malgarantio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Malgarantioj</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://developer.wikimedia.org">Programistoj</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stats.wikimedia.org/%23/eo.wikipedia.org">Statistikoj</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Deklaro pri kuketoj</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Uzkondiĉoj</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DMalnovfranka_lingvo%26mobileaction%3Dtoggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Labortablo</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-6qrh4","wgBackendResponseTime":231,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.164","walltime":"0.810","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2705,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":7393,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1332,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":29,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":63,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 485.938 1 -total"," 83.55% 405.979 1 Ŝablono:Informkesto_lingvo"," 45.11% 219.211 3 Ŝablono:!-"," 16.43% 79.819 1 Ŝablono:Projektoj"," 9.33% 45.350 1 Ŝablono:Banderolo-P948"," 8.03% 39.019 1 Ŝablono:Ŝanĝu_ŝablonon"," 5.89% 28.624 21 Ŝablono:LingvaKlasifiko/ano"," 3.60% 17.512 1 Ŝablono:LingvaKlasifikado"," 1.83% 8.882 8 Ŝablono:Informkesto_lingvo/Koloro"," 1.45% 7.056 30 Ŝablono:Informkesto_lingvo/sub"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.068","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1772679,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-7c55db6c78-n4m9t","timestamp":"20241027142004","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Malnovfranka lingvo","url":"https:\/\/eo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malnovfranka_lingvo","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q10860505","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q10860505","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2016-01-29T00:50:11Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/4a\/Franken_Expansion_bis_6Jhdt.png"}</script> <script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> <script>function gtElInit() {var lib = new google.translate.TranslateService();lib.translatePage('eo', 'en', function () {});}</script> <script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=gtElInit&hl=en-GB&client=wt" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html>