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<div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Jedinica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jedinica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Jedinica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jedinica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvor_napona" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvor_napona"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Izvor napona</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvor_napona-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Električni_potencijal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Električni_potencijal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Električni potencijal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Električni_potencijal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Formule</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Formule-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Formule</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Formule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jednosmjerna_struja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jednosmjerna_struja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Jednosmjerna struja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jednosmjerna_struja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izmjenična_struja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izmjenična_struja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Izmjenična struja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izmjenična_struja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mjerni_uređaji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mjerni_uređaji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Mjerni uređaji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mjerni_uređaji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visina_napona" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visina_napona"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Visina napona</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visina_napona-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pretvaranje_napona" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pretvaranje_napona"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Pretvaranje napona</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pretvaranje_napona-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opasnost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opasnost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Opasnost</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opasnost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poređenje_sa_vodom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poređenje_sa_vodom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Poređenje sa vodom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poređenje_sa_vodom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Povezano" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povezano"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Povezano</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povezano-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Električni napon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prijedi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupno je na 99 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-99" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">99 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektriese_spanning" title="Elektriese spanning — Afrikanerski" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Elektriese spanning" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikanerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%AF_%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="جهد كهربائي — Arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جهد كهربائي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C9%99rginlik_(elektrik)" title="Gərginlik (elektrik) — Azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Gərginlik (elektrik)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%98" title="وولتاژ — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="وولتاژ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrische_Spaunnung" title="Elektrische Spaunnung — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Elektrische Spaunnung" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Электрычнае напружанне — Beloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Электрычнае напружанне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Beloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Напруга — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Напруга" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaneng" title="Spaneng — Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Spaneng" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Електрическо напрежение — Bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Електрическо напрежение" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%AC" title="বিভব — Bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিভব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon" title="Električni napon — Bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Električni napon" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difer%C3%A8ncia_de_potencial" title="Diferència de potencial — Katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Diferència de potencial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltahe" title="Boltahe — Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Boltahe" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%DB%86%DA%B5%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%95" title="ڤۆڵتیە — centralnokurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤۆڵتیە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralnokurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrick%C3%A9_nap%C4%9Bt%C3%AD" title="Elektrické napětí — Češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elektrické napětí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%85" title="Электро хиврелĕх — Čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Электро хиврелĕх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foltedd" title="Foltedd — Velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Foltedd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_sp%C3%A6nding" title="Elektrisk spænding — Danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elektrisk spænding" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrische_Spannung" title="Elektrische Spannung — Nemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elektrische Spannung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AC_%CE%B4%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Διαφορά δυναμικού — Grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διαφορά δυναμικού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage" title="Voltage — Engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Voltage" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektra_tensio" title="Elektra tensio — Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elektra tensio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensi%C3%B3n_(electricidad)" title="Tensión (electricidad) — Španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tensión (electricidad)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinge_(elekter)" title="Pinge (elekter) — Estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pinge (elekter)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tentsio_(elektrizitatea)" title="Tentsio (elektrizitatea) — Baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tentsio (elektrizitatea)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensi%C3%B3n" title="Tensión — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Tensión" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%98" title="ولتاژ — Persijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ولتاژ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4nnite" title="Jännite — Finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jännite" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tension_%C3%A9lectrique" title="Tension électrique — Francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tension électrique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_sp%C3%A4%C3%A4nang" title="Elektrisk späänang — Severno-frizijski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Elektrisk späänang" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Severno-frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difr%C3%ADocht_poit%C3%A9insil" title="Difríocht poitéinsil — Irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Difríocht poitéinsil" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensi%C3%B3n_el%C3%A9ctrica" title="Tensión eléctrica — Galski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tensión eléctrica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%97_%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%99" title="מתח חשמלי — Hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מתח חשמלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0" title="विभवांतर — Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विभवांतर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napon" title="Napon — Hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Napon" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromos_fesz%C3%BClts%C3%A9g" title="Elektromos feszültség — Mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Elektromos feszültség" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Էլեկտրական լարում — Jermenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլեկտրական լարում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Jermenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage" title="Voltage — Interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Voltage" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegangan_listrik" title="Tegangan listrik — Indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tegangan listrik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafspenna" title="Rafspenna — Islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rafspenna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensione_elettrica" title="Tensione elettrica — Italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tensione elettrica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%9C%A7" title="電圧 — Japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="電圧" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegangan" title="Tegangan — Javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tegangan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AB%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="ელექტრული ძაბვა — Gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელექტრული ძაბვა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%83" title="Кернеу — Kozački" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кернеу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kozački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%95%95" title="전압 — Korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전압" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80_%D1%87%D1%8B%D2%A3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83%D1%81%D1%83" title="Электр чыңалуусу — Kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Электр чыңалуусу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensio_electrica" title="Tensio electrica — Latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tensio electrica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tension_eletriga" title="Tension eletriga — lombardski" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Tension eletriga" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrin%C4%97_%C4%AFtampa" title="Elektrinė įtampa — Litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Elektrinė įtampa" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spriegums" title="Spriegums — Letonski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Spriegums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herinaratra" title="Herinaratra — Malagazijski" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Herinaratra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagazijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Напон — Makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Напон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%A4" title="വോൾട്ടത — Malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വോൾട്ടത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D1%87%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Хүчдэл — Mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хүчдэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0" title="विभवांतर — Marati" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विभवांतर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltan" title="Voltan — Malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Voltan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဗို့အား — Burmanski" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗို့အား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrische_spanning" title="Elektrische spanning — Holandski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elektrische spanning" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Holandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_spenning" title="Elektrisk spenning — Norveški njorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Elektrisk spenning" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveški njorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_spenning" title="Elektrisk spenning — Norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elektrisk spenning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tension_electrica" title="Tension electrica — Provansalski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tension electrica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Provansalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9C" title="ਵੋਲਟੇਜ — Pandžabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵੋਲਟੇਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandžabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napi%C4%99cie_elektryczne" title="Napięcie elektryczne — Poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Napięcie elektryczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="وولٹیج — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وولٹیج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%BC%DB%90%D8%AC" title="ولټېج — Paštunski" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ولټېج" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Paštunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tens%C3%A3o_el%C3%A9trica" title="Tensão elétrica — Portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tensão elétrica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinchikilla_mast%27ay" title="Pinchikilla mast'ay — Kvenča" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pinchikilla mast'ay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Kvenča" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensiune_electric%C4%83" title="Tensiune electrică — Rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tensiune electrică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Электрическое напряжение — Ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Электрическое напряжение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage" title="Voltage — Škotski" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Voltage" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Škotski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="වෝල්ටීයතාව — Singaleski" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වෝල්ටීයතාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singaleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage" title="Voltage — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Voltage" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrick%C3%A9_nap%C3%A4tie" title="Elektrické napätie — Slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Elektrické napätie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_napetost" title="Električna napetost — Slovenački" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Električna napetost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensioni_elektrik" title="Tensioni elektrik — Albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tensioni elektrik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Електрични напон — Srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Електрични напон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltase" title="Voltase — Sudanski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Voltase" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sudanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_sp%C3%A4nning" title="Elektrisk spänning — Švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elektrisk spänning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volteji" title="Volteji — Svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Volteji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மின்னழுத்தம் — Tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மின்னழுத்தம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D" title="వోల్టేజ్ — Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వోల్టేజ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="แรงดันไฟฟ้า — Tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แรงดันไฟฟ้า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltahe" title="Boltahe — Tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Boltahe" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerilim_(elektrik)" title="Gerilim (elektrik) — Turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gerilim (elektrik)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%87%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Электр көчәнеше — Tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Электр көчәнеше" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83_%D8%A8%DB%90%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%85%D9%89" title="توك بېسىمى — Ujgurski" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="توك بېسىمى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Ujgurski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Електрична напруга — Ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Електрична напруга" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="وولٹیج — Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وولٹیج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektr_kuchlanish" title="Elektr kuchlanish — Uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Elektr kuchlanish" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%E1%BB%87u_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_th%E1%BA%BF" title="Hiệu điện thế — Vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hiệu điện thế" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendu_mb%C3%ABj" title="Dendu mbëj — Volof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Dendu mbëj" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Volof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8E%8B" title="电压 — Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="电压" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%90%D7%96%D7%A9" title="וואלטאזש — Jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וואלטאזש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93" title="電壓 — Kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="電壓" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93" title="電壓 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="電壓" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C4%81n-ap" title="Tiān-ap — min nan kineski" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiān-ap" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%A3%93" title="電壓 — kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電壓" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuvuve" title="Ubuvuve — Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ubuvuve" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25428#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezične poveznice" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon" title="Vidi stranicu sadržaja [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li 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role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Disambig.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/20px-Disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/30px-Disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/40px-Disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="183" /></a></span> „Napon” preusmjerava ovdje. Za ostala značenja, v. <a href="/wiki/Napon_(razvrstavanje)" class="mw-disambig" title="Napon (razvrstavanje)">Napon (razvrstavanje)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41262443">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-spacing:3px;background-color:#f8f9fa;color:black;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;padding:0.2em;float:right;clear:right;font-size:88%;line-height:1.5em;width:22em}.mw-parser-output .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-below,.mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox-navbar,.mw-parser-output .infobox th,.mw-parser-output .infobox td{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox th,.mw-parser-output .infobox td{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-title,.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox-title,.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-below{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-navbar{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .wikitable.plainrowheaders th[scope=row],.mw-parser-output .wikitable.plainrowheaders th[scope=rowgroup]{font-weight:normal;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .wikitable td ul,.mw-parser-output .wikitable td ol,.mw-parser-output .wikitable td dl{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.mw-hiero-table td{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .infobox .entete{height:45px;vertical-align:middle}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-style:italic;">Napon</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:High_voltage_warning.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/High_voltage_warning.svg/220px-High_voltage_warning.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/High_voltage_warning.svg/330px-High_voltage_warning.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/High_voltage_warning.svg/440px-High_voltage_warning.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="591" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Međunarodni znak opasnosti od visokog napona</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Uobičajeni simboli</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="texhtml"><i>V</i></span> , <span class="texhtml">∆<i>V</i></span> , <span class="texhtml"><i>U</i></span> , <span class="texhtml">∆<i>U</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/SI_jedinica" class="mw-redirect" title="SI jedinica">SI jedinica</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimenziona_analiza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimenziona analiza (stranica ne postoji)">SI dimenzija</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>M</b> <b>L</b><sup>2</sup> <b>T</b><sup>−3</sup> <b>I</b><sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Derivacije iz<br />drugih kvantiteta</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Napon = <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">Energija</a> / <a href="/wiki/Naelektrisanje" class="mw-redirect" title="Naelektrisanje">naelektrisanje</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox" style="width:300px; float: right; clear: right; text-align:center; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#DCF0FF"> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Elektrotehnika" title="Elektrotehnika">Elektrotehnika</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:VFPt_Solenoid_correct2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/VFPt_Solenoid_correct2.svg/220px-VFPt_Solenoid_correct2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/VFPt_Solenoid_correct2.svg/330px-VFPt_Solenoid_correct2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/VFPt_Solenoid_correct2.svg/440px-VFPt_Solenoid_correct2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="line-height: 150%;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektricitet" title="Elektricitet">Elektricitet</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Magnetizam" title="Magnetizam">Magnetizam</a> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left; background: #DCF0FF;"><a href="/wiki/Elektroenergetika" title="Elektroenergetika">Elektroenergetika</a> </th></tr> <tr style="line-height: 150%;"> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elektrana" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektrana">Elektrana</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_sijalica" title="Električna sijalica">Električna žarulja</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_generator" title="Električni generator">Električni generator</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elektroenergetski_sustav" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektroenergetski sustav">Elektroenergetski sustav</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Solarna_fotonaponska_energija" title="Solarna fotonaponska energija">Solarna fotonaponska energija</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trofazna_struja" title="Trofazna struja">Trofazna struja</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vjetroelektrana" title="Vjetroelektrana">Vjetroelektrana</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Za%C5%A1tita_od_strujnog_udara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaštita od strujnog udara (stranica ne postoji)">Zaštita od strujnog udara</a></span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left; background: #DCF0FF;"><a href="/wiki/Elektronika" title="Elektronika">Elektronika</a> </th></tr> <tr style="line-height: 150%;"> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinami%C4%8Dki_elektri%C4%8Dni_otpor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinamički električni otpor (stranica ne postoji)">Dinamički električni otpor</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dioda" title="Dioda">Dioda</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_signal" class="mw-redirect" title="Električni signal">Električni signal</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elektronska_cijev" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektronska cijev">Elektronska cijev</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operacijsko_poja%C4%8Dalo" class="mw-redirect" title="Operacijsko pojačalo">Operacijsko pojačalo</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Poja%C4%8Dalo" class="mw-redirect" title="Pojačalo">Pojačalo</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Poja%C4%8Danje" title="Pojačanje">Pojačanje</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Strujni_aktivni_elektri%C4%8Dni_izvor" class="mw-redirect" title="Strujni aktivni električni izvor">Strujni aktivni električni izvor</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tranzistor" title="Tranzistor">Tranzistor</a></span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left; background: #DCF0FF;"><a href="/wiki/Elektroakustika" title="Elektroakustika">Elektroakustika</a> </th></tr> <tr style="line-height: 150%;"> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Digitalizacija" title="Digitalizacija">Digitalizacija</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linearna_izobli%C4%8Denja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linearna izobličenja (stranica ne postoji)">Linearna izobličenja</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mikrofon" title="Mikrofon">Mikrofon</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niskofrekventno_poja%C4%8Dalo_snage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niskofrekventno pojačalo snage (stranica ne postoji)">Niskofrekventno pojačalo snage</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niskofrekventno_pretpoja%C4%8Dalo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niskofrekventno pretpojačalo (stranica ne postoji)">Niskofrekventno pretpojačalo</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Snimanje_zvuka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Snimanje zvuka (stranica ne postoji)">Snimanje zvuka</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zvu%C4%8Dnik" title="Zvučnik">Zvučnik</a></span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left; background: #DCF0FF;"><a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dne_mre%C5%BEe_i_%C4%8Detveropoli" title="Električne mreže i četveropoli">Električne mreže i četveropoli</a> </th></tr> <tr style="line-height: 150%;"> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dne_mre%C5%BEe" class="mw-redirect" title="Električne mreže">Električne mreže</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_filtri" class="mw-redirect" title="Električni filtri">Električni filtri</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metoda_superpozicije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metoda superpozicije (stranica ne postoji)">Metoda superpozicije</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nortonov_pou%C4%8Dak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nortonov poučak (stranica ne postoji)">Nortonov poučak</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A9veninov_pou%C4%8Dak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Théveninov poučak (stranica ne postoji)">Théveninov poučak</a></span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left; background: #DCF0FF;"><a href="/wiki/Radiokomunikacije" title="Radiokomunikacije">Radiokomunikacije</a> </th></tr> <tr style="line-height: 150%;"> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amplitudska_modulacija" title="Amplitudska modulacija">Amplitudna modulacija</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Antena" title="Antena">Antena</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Efektivna_izra%C4%8Dena_snaga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efektivna izračena snaga (stranica ne postoji)">Efektivna izračena snaga</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fazna_modulacija" title="Fazna modulacija">Fazna modulacija</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frekvencijska_modulacija" title="Frekvencijska modulacija">Frekvencijska modulacija</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radio-valovi" title="Radio-valovi">Radio-valovi</a></span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left; background: #DCF0FF;"><a href="/wiki/Telekomunikacije" title="Telekomunikacije">Telekomunikacije</a> </th></tr> <tr style="line-height: 150%;"> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"></span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left; background: #DCF0FF;">Naučnici i izumitelji </th></tr> <tr style="line-height: 150%;"> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Marie_Amp%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="André-Marie Ampère">Ampère</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles-Augustin_de_Coulomb" title="Charles-Augustin de Coulomb">Coulomb</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Faraday" title="Michael Faraday">Faraday</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss" title="Carl Friedrich Gauss">Gauss</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Heaviside" title="Oliver Heaviside">Heaviside</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henry" title="Joseph Henry">Henry</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Hertz" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinrich Hertz">Hertz</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">Maxwell</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Tesla</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Volta" title="Alessandro Volta">Volta</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Eduard_Weber" title="Wilhelm Eduard Weber">Weber</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_%C3%98rsted" title="Hans Christian Ørsted">Ørsted</a></span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Električni napon</b> (oznaka <i>U</i> ili <i>V</i>) predstavlja razliku <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_potencijal" title="Električni potencijal">električnih potencijala</a> između dve tačke, tj. <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle U=V_{1}-V_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>U</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle U=V_{1}-V_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/296e680b3de4e1d2d3e66343a082cabfb0fd6eec" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:12.54ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle U=V_{1}-V_{2}}"></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Izražava se u <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">voltima</a>, zbog čega se naziva i <b>voltaža</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Može nastati usled <a href="/wiki/Naelektrisanje" class="mw-redirect" title="Naelektrisanje">naelektrisanja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electric_current" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric current">električne struje</a> u <a href="/wiki/Magnetno_polje" title="Magnetno polje">magnetnom polju</a>, promjenljivog magnetnog polja, ili kombinacijom navedenog.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Napon je osobina <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dno_polje" title="Električno polje">električnog polja</a>, ne pojedinačnih elektrona. Elektron koji se kreće duž razlike potencijala doživljava promenu energije, predstavljenu <a href="/wiki/Elektron-volt" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektron-volt">elektron-voltima</a>, slično kao kada tijelo pada u gravitacijskom polju. Bez napona nema <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_struja" title="Električna struja">električne struje</a>. Na primer, dvije točke u električnom kolu spojene idealnim <a href="/wiki/Provodnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Provodnik">provodnikom</a> (bez otpora) imaju razliku potencijala nula, te nikakva struje neće teći. </p><p>Napon je aditivan: napon između točaka <i>A</i> i <i>C</i> je jednak zbiru napona između točaka <i>A</i> i <i>B</i> i točaka <i>B</i> i <i>C</i>. Razni naponi u električnom kolu se mogu izračunati upotrebom <a href="/wiki/Kirchhoffovi_zakoni_o_struji_i_naponu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirchhoffovi zakoni o struji i naponu">Kirchhoffovih zakona</a>. <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_snaga" title="Električna snaga">Električna snaga</a> je umnožak napona i struje koja protiče kroz kolo. Što veći napon i <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_struja" title="Električna struja">struja</a>, to veća <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_snaga" title="Električna snaga">snaga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Osnove_elektrotehnike_za_početnike_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Osnove_elektrotehnike_za_početnike-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Uobičajeni je napon <a href="/wiki/Baterije" class="mw-redirect" title="Baterije">baterije</a> 1,5 V, automobilskoga <a href="/wiki/Akumulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Akumulator">akumulatora</a> 12 V, gradske električne mreže 220 V, tramvajske mreže 600 V, a željezničke mreže 25 000 V.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Napon može predstavljati ili izvor energije (<a href="/wiki/Elektromotorna_sila" title="Elektromotorna sila">elektromotorna sila</a>) ili gubitak, utrošak i skladištenje energije (<a href="/wiki/Voltage_drop" class="mw-redirect" title="Voltage drop">pad napona</a>). </p><p>U <a href="/wiki/Hidrauli%C4%8Dka_analogija" title="Hidraulička analogija">poređenju sa vodom</a>, kao što brzina <a href="/wiki/Potok" title="Potok">potoka</a> ovisi o razlici između početne i konačne visine, tako jačina struje ovisi o razlici potencijala, odnosno o naponu. Ako voda teče kroz cijev pokretana <a href="/wiki/Pumpa" title="Pumpa">pumpama</a>, tada je razlika potencijala analogna razlici u <a href="/wiki/Pritisak" class="mw-redirect" title="Pritisak">pritisku</a> između dve tačke. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jedinica">Jedinica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odjeljak Jedinica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Jedinica"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jedinica za električni napon, <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_potencijal" title="Električni potencijal">električni potencijal</a> i <a href="/wiki/Elektromotorna_sila" title="Elektromotorna sila">elektromotornu silu</a> je <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volt</a> (simbol <i>V</i>; po <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Volta" title="Alessandro Volta">Alessandru Volti</a>, izumitelju <a href="/wiki/Baterija" title="Baterija">baterije</a>), što je razlog da se uobičajeno koristi izraz "voltaža". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvor_napona">Izvor napona</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odjeljak Izvor napona" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvor napona"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Izvor_napona" title="Izvor napona">Izvor napona</a></i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:AA_AAA_AAAA_A23_battery_comparison-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/AA_AAA_AAAA_A23_battery_comparison-1.jpg/220px-AA_AAA_AAAA_A23_battery_comparison-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/AA_AAA_AAAA_A23_battery_comparison-1.jpg/330px-AA_AAA_AAAA_A23_battery_comparison-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/AA_AAA_AAAA_A23_battery_comparison-1.jpg/440px-AA_AAA_AAAA_A23_battery_comparison-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="458" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Baterija" title="Baterija">Baterije</a> su izvori napona u mnogim <a href="/wiki/Electrical_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical network">električnim kolima</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Izvor_napona" title="Izvor napona">Izvor napona</a> je električni <a href="/wiki/Ure%C4%91aj" class="mw-redirect" title="Uređaj">uređaj</a> sa dva <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terminal_(electronics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terminal (electronics) (stranica ne postoji)">priključka</a> koji može održavati stabilnu <a href="/wiki/Volta%C5%BEa" class="mw-redirect" title="Voltaža">voltažu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> S gledišta potrošača, naponski izvor predstavlja utičnica u zidu, putem koje se priključujemo na <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_mre%C5%BEa" class="mw-redirect" title="Električna mreža">električnu mrežu</a>, električna <a href="/wiki/Baterija" title="Baterija">baterija</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Akumulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Akumulator">akumulator</a> u nekoj od niza standardnih izvedbi, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alternator (stranica ne postoji)">alternator</a> u automobilu ili <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_generator" title="Električni generator">električni generator</a> u <a href="/wiki/Vjetroelektrana" title="Vjetroelektrana">vjetroelektrani</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Električni_potencijal"><span id="Elektri.C4.8Dni_potencijal"></span>Električni potencijal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odjeljak Električni potencijal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Električni potencijal"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_potencijal" title="Električni potencijal">Električni potencijal</a></i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Potential.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Potential.jpg/220px-Potential.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Potential.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="328" data-file-height="441" /></a><figcaption>Razlika potencijala između Zemlje i neba uzrokuje <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dno_pra%C5%BEnjenje" title="Električno pražnjenje">električno pražnjenje</a> u vidu <a href="/wiki/Munje" class="mw-redirect" title="Munje">munje</a>, koje vraća sustav u ravnotežu.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_potencijal" title="Električni potencijal">Električni potencijal</a> je <a href="/wiki/Fizi%C4%8Dka_veli%C4%8Dina" title="Fizička veličina">fizička veličina</a> koja opisuje <a href="/wiki/Potencijalna_energija" title="Potencijalna energija">potencijalnu energiju</a> <a href="/wiki/Naelektrisanje" class="mw-redirect" title="Naelektrisanje">naelektrisane</a> čestice u <a href="/wiki/Elektrostatika" title="Elektrostatika">statičkom</a> <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dno_polje" title="Električno polje">električnom polju</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Električni se potencijal ne može neposredno mjeriti, već se mjeri <a href="/wiki/Razlika_potencijala" title="Razlika potencijala">razlika potencijala</a> između dviju točaka nekog sustava, koja je u statičkom slučaju jednaka električnom naponu. </p><p>Svako pozitivno električno tijelo istiskivat će iz svojeg <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dno_polje" title="Električno polje">električnog polja</a> drugo pozitivno naelektrisano tijelo. Pri tom će <a href="/wiki/Elektrostati%C4%8Dka_sila" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektrostatička sila">elektrostatička sila</a> vršiti <a href="/wiki/Mehani%C4%8Dki_rad" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehanički rad">mehanički rad</a>. Isto tako, želimo li pozitivno naelektrisano tijelo dovesti u električno polje drugog pozitivno naelektrisanog tijela, treba neka vanjska sila da vrši rad na svladavanju odbojne sile. Izvršeni rad prestavlja ustvari <a href="/wiki/Potencijalna_energija" title="Potencijalna energija">potencijalnu energiju</a> toga tijela. Čim vanjska <a href="/wiki/Sila" title="Sila">sila</a> prestane djelovati, <a href="/wiki/Tijelo_(fizika)" title="Tijelo (fizika)">tijelo</a> se počinje gibati i izlazi iz električnog polja, pa se njegova potencijalna energija pretvara u <a href="/wiki/Kineti%C4%8Dka_energija" title="Kinetička energija">kinetičku energiju</a>. </p><p>Ako se iz nekog razloga <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektroni</a> nagomilaju na nekom predmetu, kažemo da je negativno naelektrisan, tj. da ima negativni potencijal. S druge strane, <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a> kome je <i>pobjegao</i> neki <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektron</a> nije više uravnotežen, zbog čega u rezultatu ima pozitivan naboj. Predmet s mnoštvom takvih atoma kojima nedostaju slabo vezani elektroni imat će pozitivan potencijal. </p><p>Naša planeta je u cjelini električki neutralna, to jest <a href="/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja">Zemlja</a> ima nulti potencijal. Budući da se istoimene čestice međusobno odbijaju, u <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_vodljivost" class="mw-redirect" title="Električna vodljivost">vodljivom</a> materijalu elektroni će iz područja s velikom gustoćom slobodnih elektrona (to jest s velikim negativnim potencijalom) nagrnuti prema područjima gdje ih je manje, to jest prema mjestima pozitivnijeg potencijala. U povoljnim okolnostima, iz <a href="/wiki/Oblaci" class="mw-redirect" title="Oblaci">oblaka</a> s viškom elektrona prasnut će golema iskra, odnosno <a href="/wiki/Munja" title="Munja">munja</a>, kroz koju se golemi negativni potencijal oblaka prazni u električki neutralnu Zemlju. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formule">Formule</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odjeljak Formule" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Formule"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Razlika električnog potencijala se definira kao količina <a href="/wiki/Rad" class="mw-disambig" title="Rad">rada</a> po <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj">naboju</a> potrebnog da se naboju premjesti iz druge točke u prvu, ili potpuno ekvivalentno, količina rada koji naboj uradi tokom kretanja od prve do druge točke. Razlika potencijala između dve točke <b>a</b> i <b>b</b> je linijski integral električnog polja <b>E</b>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{a}-V_{b}=\int _{a}^{b}\mathbf {E} \cdot d\mathbf {l} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">l</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{a}-V_{b}=\int _{a}^{b}\mathbf {E} \cdot d\mathbf {l} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d31e0002da098c23336735b67df3faf4a8473635" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:19.872ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{a}-V_{b}=\int _{a}^{b}\mathbf {E} \cdot d\mathbf {l} }"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jednosmjerna_struja">Jednosmjerna struja</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odjeljak Jednosmjerna struja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Jednosmjerna struja"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle U={\sqrt {PR}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>U</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mi>P</mi> <mi>R</mi> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle U={\sqrt {PR}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/35afcdb2bd69cae49d8a6c3e40c055f195ec44d1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.326ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle U={\sqrt {PR}}}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle U={\frac {P}{I}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>U</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>P</mi> <mi>I</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle U={\frac {P}{I}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f363f53f2a43fe980267ab284eeea3a26563cd04" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:7.463ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle U={\frac {P}{I}}}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle U=IR\!\ }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>U</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>I</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle U=IR\!\ }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cf63c1fa1854c924afd525428a34ae710c268fb1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:8.01ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle U=IR\!\ }"></span></dd></dl> <p>Gdje je U=napon, I=struja, R=otpor, P=snaga </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Izmjenična_struja"><span id="Izmjeni.C4.8Dna_struja"></span>Izmjenična struja</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odjeljak Izmjenična struja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izmjenična struja"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle U={\frac {P}{I\cos \theta }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>U</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>I</mi> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>θ</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle U={\frac {P}{I\cos \theta }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/773ecccd491658f50194b5e8aff6dbdae65ff4a1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:11.865ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle U={\frac {P}{I\cos \theta }}}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle U={\frac {\sqrt {PZ}}{\sqrt {\cos \theta }}}\!\ }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>U</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msqrt> <mi>P</mi> <mi>Z</mi> </msqrt> <msqrt> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>θ</mi> </msqrt> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle U={\frac {\sqrt {PZ}}{\sqrt {\cos \theta }}}\!\ }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6bdbdafb0ecc4892515308beb066a9b1c0a9ccfa" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:12.435ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle U={\frac {\sqrt {PZ}}{\sqrt {\cos \theta }}}\!\ }"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle U={\frac {IR}{\cos \theta }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>U</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>I</mi> <mi>R</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mi>θ</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle U={\frac {IR}{\cos \theta }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/242f65cde2665f9fd7ffa76181284210c5bfb8ff" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:10.306ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle U={\frac {IR}{\cos \theta }}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Gdje je U=napon, I=struja, R=otpor, P=snaga, Z=impendansa, θ=fazna razlika između napona i struje </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mjerni_uređaji"><span id="Mjerni_ure.C4.91aji"></span>Mjerni uređaji</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odjeljak Mjerni uređaji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Mjerni uređaji"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članci: <a href="/wiki/Voltmetar" title="Voltmetar">Voltmetar</a> i <a href="/wiki/Multimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Multimer">Multimer</a></i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:9VBatteryWithMeter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/9VBatteryWithMeter.jpg/220px-9VBatteryWithMeter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/9VBatteryWithMeter.jpg/330px-9VBatteryWithMeter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/9VBatteryWithMeter.jpg/440px-9VBatteryWithMeter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="589" data-file-height="489" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Multimetar" title="Multimetar">Multimetar</a> podešen da meri voltažu.</figcaption></figure> <p>Instrumenti kojima se mjeri razlika potencijala mogu biti <a href="/wiki/Voltmetar" title="Voltmetar">voltmetar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potenciometar" title="Potenciometar">potenciometar</a> i <a href="/wiki/Osciloskop" title="Osciloskop">osciloskop</a>. Voltmetar radi mjereći struju (u skladu sa <a href="/wiki/Ohmov_zakon" title="Ohmov zakon">Omovim zakonom</a>) kroz otpornik. Potenciometar radi tako što poredi nepoznat napon sa poznatim naponom u mjernom mostu. Osciloskop (uglavnom sa katodnom cijevi) radi tako što se pojačava potencijalna razlika koja potom skreće elektronski mlaz sa pravog puta (proporcionalno naponu) što se potom vidi prema tragu koji mlaz ostavlja na zaslonu cijevi. </p><p>Široko rasprostranjeni voltmetri današnjice se zovu digitalni voltmetri jer se rezultat prikazuje na cifarskom displeju. Ranije su bili popularni tzv. analogni voltmetri koji su imali kretni kalem i kazaljku, a očitavanje mjerene vrijednosti se vršilo na osnovu otklona kazaljke na izbaždarenoj skali. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Visina_napona">Visina napona</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odjeljak Visina napona" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Visina napona"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Izvor_napona" title="Izvor napona">Izvor napona</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Čovjek je smislio razne vrste izvora struje koji su u stanju na jednom priključku stvarati negativni, a na drugom pozitivni potencijal. Visina napona među priključcima različita je kod raznih izvora. Napon <a href="/wiki/Baterija" title="Baterija">baterijskog</a> članka na bazi cinka i ugljena iznosi 1,5 V. Takođe se izrađuju baterije sa nekoliko serijski spojenih članaka, čime se dobivaju naponi od 3 ili 4,5 ili 9 V. Europske gradske <a href="/wiki/Elektroenergetski_sustav" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektroenergetski sustav">električne mreže</a> imaju napon od 230 V. Daleko su veći naponi u vodovima <a href="/wiki/Dalekovod" title="Dalekovod">dalekovoda</a>, visokonaponskih <a href="/wiki/Transformator" title="Transformator">transformatora</a> ili visokonaponskih kabela, gdje dosižu desetke pa i stotine tisuća volti. Takvi naponi mogu stvoriti i <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_luk" title="Električni luk">električni luk</a>, kojim se <a href="/wiki/Strujni_udar" title="Strujni udar">strujni udar</a> može prenijeti i kroz zrak, ako se tijelo u kontaktu sa zemljom previše približi vodu pod visokim naponom. </p><p>Tipične visine napona su: </p> <ul><li>Veoma niski napon: do 50 V, u <a href="/wiki/Baterija" title="Baterija">baterijama</a> za široku upotrebu (od 1,5 V do 9 V), adapterima (najčešće od 1,5 V do 24 V), <a href="/wiki/Akumulator" class="mw-redirect" title="Akumulator">akumulatorima</a> (tipične vrijednosti: 6, 9, 12, 24 i 48 V).</li> <li>Niski napon: 50-1000 V; domaćinstva (230 V - monofazni sistem, 400 V - trofazni sistem), manji industrijski potrošači.</li> <li>Srednji napon: 1-35 KV; industrijski potrošači, elektrodistributivne mreže.</li> <li>Visoki napon: 35-150 KV.</li> <li>Vrlo visoki napon: preko 150 KV.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pretvaranje_napona">Pretvaranje napona</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odjeljak Pretvaranje napona" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Pretvaranje napona"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Transformator" title="Transformator">Transformator</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Različiti delovi elektronskih uređaja koriste različite napone. Međutim, u domaćinstvima je na raspolaganju samo jedna vrednost napona (220 V u <a href="/wiki/Biv%C5%A1a_Jugoslavija" class="mw-disambig" title="Bivša Jugoslavija">bivšoj Jugoslaviji</a>, 230 V u zemljama Evropske unije, 110 V u SAD) i često je potrebno taj napon povećati (npr. za rad katodne cevi televizora) ili smanjiti (za različite uređaje).<sup id="cite_ref-Jugoslav_Karamarković_2005_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jugoslav_Karamarković_2005-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Takođe, u elektrodistributivnim sistemima se prenos električne energije obavlja <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_vod" title="Električni vod">vodovima</a> na kojima je velika vrednost napona i mala vrednost intenziteta struje, da bi se smanjili gubici. Efikasno pretvaranje jedne vrednosti napona u drugu vrši se uređajem koji se naziva <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_transformator" class="mw-redirect" title="Električni transformator">električni transformator</a>. Pošto transformator radi na principu <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnetska_indukcija" title="Elektromagnetska indukcija">elektromagnetne indukcije</a>, on ne može se koristiti za transformisanje vremenski konstantnih napona, već samo za naizmenične, tj. promenljive.<sup id="cite_ref-Jugoslav_Karamarković_2005_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jugoslav_Karamarković_2005-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opasnost">Opasnost</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odjeljak Opasnost" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Opasnost"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Udar_struje" class="mw-redirect" title="Udar struje">Udar struje</a></i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Freileitung_mit_Transformatorhaus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Freileitung_mit_Transformatorhaus.jpg/220px-Freileitung_mit_Transformatorhaus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Freileitung_mit_Transformatorhaus.jpg/330px-Freileitung_mit_Transformatorhaus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Freileitung_mit_Transformatorhaus.jpg/440px-Freileitung_mit_Transformatorhaus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dalekovodi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalekovodi">Dalekovodi</a> visokog napona</figcaption></figure> <p>Visok napon opasan je za ljude i životinje, jer može kroz organizam protjerati po život opasnu struju. Zbog toga, ne dira se u električnu instalaciju gradske mreže prije isključenja <a href="/wiki/Osigura%C4%8D" title="Osigurač">osigurača</a> koji prekidaju dovođenje napona. Ako struja prolazi kroz ljudski organizam može uzrokovati opekotine, uticati na hemijski sastav <a href="/wiki/Krv" title="Krv">krvi</a> i <a href="/wiki/Nervni_sistem" title="Nervni sistem">nervni sistem</a> i poremetiti rad <a href="/wiki/Srce" title="Srce">srca</a> i <a href="/wiki/Respiratorni_sistem" title="Respiratorni sistem">respiratornih organa</a>. Prema postojećim propisima dodirni napon ne smije prijeći vrijednost od 65 V.<sup id="cite_ref-EPBiH_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPBiH-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Međutim, nije opasan napon sam po sebi već struja koja prođe kroz tijelo:<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Struja jačine do 1 mA ne osjeća se</li> <li>Struja jačine od 1 do 8 mA osjeća se udar, ali ne boli</li> <li>Struja jačine oko 20 mA može izazvati grčenje mišića.</li> <li>Struja jačine 30 mA ne može se izdržati više od nekoliko <a href="/wiki/Sekunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekunda">sekundi</a>, izaziva snažno grčenje <a href="/wiki/Mi%C5%A1i%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Mišić">mišića</a> i gubitak kontrole praćeno otežanim disanjem .</li> <li>Struja jačine 50 mA može dovesti do gubitka svijesti.</li> <li>Struja jačine preko 100 mA može izazvati smrt.</li> <li>Preko 200 mA opasne opekotine i grčevi mišića koji mogu žrtvu odbaciti od vodiča.</li></ul> <p>Za više napone struja se povećava, pa je i opasnost veća.<sup id="cite_ref-EPBiH_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPBiH-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pri <a href="/wiki/Stati%C4%8Dki_elektricitet" title="Statički elektricitet">elektrostatičkom</a> <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dno_pra%C5%BEnjenje" title="Električno pražnjenje">pražnjenju</a> javljaju se vrlo visoki <a href="/wiki/Napon" class="mw-redirect" title="Napon">naponi</a>, uz ekstremno slabe <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_struja" title="Električna struja">struje</a>. Češljajući kosu po veoma suvom vremenu, stvaramo nekoliko desetina hiljada <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">volti</a> statičkog elektriciteta, ali je <a href="/wiki/Ja%C4%8Dina_struje" class="mw-redirect" title="Jačina struje">jačina struje</a> praktično zanemarljiva. Slaba struja sprečava da nas statičko pražnjenje povredi, pa osećamo samo neprijatno peckanje.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poređenje_sa_vodom"><span id="Pore.C4.91enje_sa_vodom"></span>Poređenje sa vodom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odjeljak Poređenje sa vodom" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Poređenje sa vodom"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članci: <a href="/wiki/Hidrauli%C4%8Dka_analogija" title="Hidraulička analogija">Hidraulička analogija</a> i <a href="/wiki/Pritisak" class="mw-redirect" title="Pritisak">Pritisak</a></i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:7th_grade_oloom_jor_unit-4-2_liquid_pressure-1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/7th_grade_oloom_jor_unit-4-2_liquid_pressure-1.png/220px-7th_grade_oloom_jor_unit-4-2_liquid_pressure-1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/7th_grade_oloom_jor_unit-4-2_liquid_pressure-1.png 1.5x" data-file-width="272" data-file-height="279" /></a><figcaption>Ilustracija <a href="/wiki/Pritisak" class="mw-redirect" title="Pritisak">pritiska</a> kod tečnosti</figcaption></figure> <p>Radi boljeg razumevanja električnog kola često se koristi <a href="/wiki/Hidrauli%C4%8Dka_analogija" title="Hidraulička analogija">hidraulička analogija</a>. Električno kolo možemo zamisliti kao kosinu preko koje teče <a href="/wiki/Potok" title="Potok">potok</a>. Kao što brzina kojom teče <a href="/wiki/Potok" title="Potok">potok</a> ovisi o razlici između početne i konačne visine, tako i <a href="/wiki/Ja%C4%8Dina_struje" class="mw-redirect" title="Jačina struje">jačina struje</a> koja teče provodnikom ovisi o razlici potencijala na njegovim krajevima, odnosno o naponu. Druga analogija može biti mreža cijevi kroz koje protječe voda pokretana <a href="/wiki/Pumpa" title="Pumpa">pumpama</a>. Tada je razlika potencijala analogna razlici <a href="/wiki/Pritisak" class="mw-redirect" title="Pritisak">pritisaka</a> između dve tačke. Ako postoji razlika pritisaka, tada voda može teći od prve do druge točke i vršiti nekakav rad, recimo pokretati turbinu. </p><p>U hidrauličnom sistemu je rad uložen za pokretanje vode jednak proizvodu pritiska i količine pokrenute vode. Slično, u električnom kolu je rad uložen u pokretanje elektrona jednak proizvodu napona i količini elektrona. Napon ovdje na prikladan način služi da se kvantificira sposobnost za vršenje rada. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odjeljak Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41378145">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jugoslav Karamarković, Fizika (str. 169), Univerzitet u Nišu, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external free" href="https://sh.wiktionary.org/wiki/volta%C5%BEa">https://sh.wiktionary.org/wiki/volta%C5%BEa</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Demetrius T. Paris; F. Kenneth Hurd (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/basicelectromagn00pari"><i>Basic Electromagnetic Theory</i></a>. New York: McGraw-Hill. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/basicelectromagn00pari/page/512">512</a>, 546. . <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-07-048470-2" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-07-048470-2">978-0-07-048470-2</a>. pp..</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basic+Electromagnetic+Theory&rft.aulast=Demetrius+T.+Paris&rft.au=Demetrius+T.+Paris&rft.au=F.+Kenneth+Hurd&rft.date=1969&rft.pages=str.%26nbsp%3B%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbasicelectromagn00pari%2Fpage%2F512+512%5D%2C+546&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbasicelectromagn00pari&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">{{cite book|author=P. Hammond|title=Electromagnetism for Engineers|publisher=Pergamon Press|year=1969|id=<a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/854336">854336</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Osnove_elektrotehnike_za_početnike-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Osnove_elektrotehnike_za_početnike_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hometi.ru/bs/windows-and-doors/basics-of-electrical-engineering-for-beginners.html">Osnove elektrotehnike za početnike</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>električni napon</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=17586">[1]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bkOMDgwFA28C&pg=PA9&dq=voltage+source&hl=en&sa=X&ei=PbWAUc7zIYOWkwXEv4GwBQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=voltage%20source&f=false">An introduction to electronics</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=17589">"električni potencijal"</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", <a href="/wiki/Leksikografski_zavod_Miroslav_Krle%C5%BEa" title="Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža">Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža</a>, www.enciklopedija.hr, 29. svibnja 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jugoslav_Karamarković_2005-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Jugoslav_Karamarković_2005_9-0">9,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Jugoslav_Karamarković_2005_9-1">9,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Jugoslav Karamarković, Fizika (str. 192), Univerzitet u Nišu, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EPBiH-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EPBiH_10-0">10,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EPBiH_10-1">10,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elektroprivreda.ba/stranica/opasnosti-od-elektricne-energije">„Opasnosti od električne energije”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 16. 5. 2016</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Opasnosti+od+elektri%C4%8Dne+energije&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elektroprivreda.ba%2Fstranica%2Fopasnosti-od-elektricne-energije&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~p616/safety/fatal_current.html">„Fatalna struja”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 16. 5. 2016</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Fatalna+struja&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.physics.ohio-state.edu%2F%7Ep616%2Fsafety%2Ffatal_current.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-3/physiological-effects-electricity/">„Fiziološki efekti električne struje”</a> (en)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 16. 5. 2016</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Fiziolo%C5%A1ki+efekti+elektri%C4%8Dne+struje&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allaboutcircuits.com%2Ftextbook%2Fdirect-current%2Fchpt-3%2Fphysiological-effects-electricity%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2000/JackHsu.shtml">„Electric Current Needed to Kill a Human”</a> (en)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 16. 5. 2016</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Electric+Current+Needed+to+Kill+a+Human&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhypertextbook.com%2Ffacts%2F2000%2FJackHsu.shtml&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon McComb i Earl Boysen, Elektronika za neupućene (str. 29), Beograd, 2007.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povezano">Povezano</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odjeljak Povezano" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektri%C4%8Dni_napon&action=edit&section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povezano"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_struja" title="Električna struja">Električna struja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_snaga" title="Električna snaga">Električna snaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_potencijal" title="Električni potencijal">Električni potencijal</a></li></ul> <div class="infobox sisterproject" style="width: 300px"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Voltage" title="commons:Category:Voltage"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 20px;"><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Voltage" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Voltage">Električni napon</a></b></i> na <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica_-_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="commons:Glavna stranica - Главна страница">Wikimedijinoj ostavi</a> </div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41348688">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41556873">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-prikaži"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablon:Elektronika" title="Šablon:Elektronika"><abbr title="Pogledajte šablon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">p</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-razgovor"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor_o_%C5%A1ablonu:Elektronika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Razgovor o šablonu:Elektronika (stranica ne postoji)"><abbr title="Razgovarajte o šablonu" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-uredi"><a class="external text" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablon:Elektronika&action=edit"><abbr title="Uredite šablon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">u</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Elektronika" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Elektronika" title="Elektronika">Elektronika</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Grane_elektronike" title="Kategorija:Grane elektronike">Grane</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Digitalna_elektronika" title="Digitalna elektronika">Digitalna elektronika</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Analogna_elektronika" title="Analogna elektronika">Analogna elektronika</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Mikroelektronika" title="Mikroelektronika">Mikroelektronika</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Projektovanje_elektronskih_kola" title="Projektovanje elektronskih kola">Dizajn elektronskih kola</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Energetska_elektronika" title="Energetska elektronika">Energetska elektronika</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Optoelektronika" title="Optoelektronika">Optoelektronika</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ugra%C4%91eni_sistem" title="Ugrađeni sistem">Ugrađeni sistemi</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Telekomunikacije" title="Telekomunikacije">Telekomunikacije</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunarsko_in%C5%BEenjerstvo" title="Računarsko inženjerstvo">Računarsko inženjerstvo</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Automatika" title="Automatika">Automatika</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Elektricitet" title="Kategorija:Elektricitet">Pojmovi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dna_struja" title="Električna struja">Struja</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jednosmjerna_struja" title="Jednosmjerna struja">jednosmerna</a> / <a href="/wiki/Izmjeni%C4%8Dna_struja" title="Izmjenična struja">izmenična</a>) <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Napon" class="mw-redirect" title="Napon">Napon</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_otpor_i_vodljivost" title="Električni otpor i vodljivost">Vodivost i otpor</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Elektronsko_kolo" title="Elektronsko kolo">Elektronsko kolo</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ohmov_zakon" title="Ohmov zakon">Omov zakon</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Redna_i_uporedna_kola" title="Redna i uporedna kola">Redna i uporedna kola</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kirchhoffovi_zakoni_elektri%C4%8Dnog_kola" title="Kirchhoffovi zakoni električnog kola">Kirchhoffovi zakoni</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Elektronska_shema" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektronska shema">Šematski dijagram</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Simboli_u_elektronici" title="Simboli u elektronici">Simboli</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Hidrauli%C4%8Dka_analogija" title="Hidraulička analogija">Hidraulička analogija</a> </span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elektronska_komponenta" title="Elektronska komponenta">Komponente</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Aktivne_komponente" title="Aktivne komponente">Aktivne</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Napajanje" title="Napajanje">Napajanje</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baterija" title="Baterija">baterija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_generator" title="Električni generator">generator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solarna_%C4%87elija" title="Solarna ćelija">solarna ćelija</a>) <b>•</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Dioda" title="Dioda">Dioda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zenerova_dioda" title="Zenerova dioda">Zener</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0otkijeva_dioda" title="Šotkijeva dioda">Šotki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Svetle%C4%87a_dioda" title="Svetleća dioda">LED</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laserska_dioda" title="Laserska dioda">laserska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunelska_dioda" title="Tunelska dioda">tunel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Varikap" title="Varikap">varikap</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diodni_most" title="Diodni most">diodni most</a>) <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Tranzistor" title="Tranzistor">Tranzistor</a> (<a href="/wiki/MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MOSFET</a>, <a href="/wiki/JFET" title="JFET">JFET</a>, <a href="/wiki/MESFET" title="MESFET">MESFET</a>) <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Tiristor" title="Tiristor">Tiristor</a>  <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Integralno_kolo" title="Integralno kolo">Integralno kolo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mikrokontroler" title="Mikrokontroler">mikrokontroler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arduino" title="Arduino">Arduino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operacioni_poja%C4%8Dava%C4%8D" title="Operacioni pojačavač">operacioni pojačavač</a>, <a href="/wiki/Logi%C4%8Dka_kapija" title="Logička kapija">logička kapija</a>) <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Prikazni_ure%C4%91aj" title="Prikazni uređaj">Prikaznik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fluorescentni_indikator" title="Fluorescentni indikator">fluorescentni</a>, <a href="/wiki/LCD" title="LCD">LCD</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=LED_display&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LED display (stranica ne postoji)">LED</a>)</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Pasivne_komponente" title="Pasivne komponente">Pasivne</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Otpornik" title="Otpornik">Otpornik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Potenciometar" title="Potenciometar">potenciometar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Varistor" title="Varistor">varistor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Termistor" title="Termistor">termistor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fotootpornik" title="Fotootpornik">fotootpornik</a>) <b>•</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Kondenzator" title="Kondenzator">Kondenzator</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Elektromagnet" title="Elektromagnet">Elektromagnet</a> (<a href="/wiki/Induktor" title="Induktor">induktor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transformator" title="Transformator">transformator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elektromotor_istosmjerne_struje" title="Elektromotor istosmjerne struje">elektromotor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zvu%C4%8Dnik" title="Zvučnik">zvučnik</a>) <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Senzor" title="Senzor">Senzor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Detektor_kretanja" title="Detektor kretanja">kretanja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pretvara%C4%8D_obrta" title="Pretvarač obrta">obrta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akcelerometar" title="Akcelerometar">ubrzanja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laserski_daljinomer" title="Laserski daljinomer">razdaljine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vlagomer" title="Vlagomer">vlage</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senzor_ki%C5%A1e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senzor kiše (stranica ne postoji)">kiše</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Detektor_gasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Detektor gasa (stranica ne postoji)">gasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senzor_vla%C5%BEnosti_tla" title="Senzor vlažnosti tla">vlažnosti tla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fotodetektor" title="Fotodetektor">svetlosti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mikrofon" title="Mikrofon">zvuka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ultrazvu%C4%8Dni_senzor" title="Ultrazvučni senzor">ultrazvuka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detektor_plamena" title="Detektor plamena">plamena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Termopar" title="Termopar">toplote</a>)</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Elektromehanika" title="Elektromehanika">Mehaničke</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kristalni_oscilator" title="Kristalni oscilator">Kristalni oscilator</a> <b>•</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Konektor" title="Konektor">Konektor</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_vod" title="Električni vod">Vod</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C5%BDica" title="Žica">žica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kabl" title="Kabl">kabl</a>) <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Prekida%C4%8D" title="Prekidač">Prekidač</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tipka" title="Tipka">tipka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Relej" title="Relej">relej</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bimetal" title="Bimetal">bimetal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mikroprekida%C4%8D" title="Mikroprekidač">mikroprekidač</a>) <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Osigura%C4%8D" title="Osigurač">Osigurač</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0tampana_plo%C4%8Da" title="Štampana ploča">Štampana ploča</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Alati_u_elektronici" title="Kategorija:Alati u elektronici">Alati i oprema</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Voltmetar" title="Voltmetar">Voltmetar</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ampermetar" title="Ampermetar">Ampermetar</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Multimetar" title="Multimetar">Multimetar</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Osciloskop" title="Osciloskop">Osciloskop</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Lemilica" title="Lemilica">Lemilica</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Pinceta" title="Pinceta">Pinceta</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Klije%C5%A1ta" title="Kliješta">Kliješta</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Odvija%C4%8D" title="Odvijač">Odvijač</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Ispravlja%C4%8D" title="Ispravljač">Ispravljač</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Prototipska_plo%C4%8Da" title="Prototipska ploča">Prototipska ploča</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hot-melt_adhesive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hot-melt adhesive (stranica ne postoji)">Topli lepak</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Lupa" title="Lupa">Lupa</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tre%C4%87a_ruka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treća ruka (stranica ne postoji)">Treća ruka</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Bu%C5%A1ilica" title="Bušilica">Bušilica</a> <b>•</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stega&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stega (stranica ne postoji)">Stega</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Elektronika" title="Kategorija:Elektronika">Kategorija</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr">Izvor: <a dir="ltr" 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