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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Mountains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mountains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hills" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hills"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Hills</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hills-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_state_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_state_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Other state institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_state_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Most_recent_election_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Most_recent_election_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Most recent election results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Most_recent_election_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Companies_owned_by_Baden-Württemberg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Companies_owned_by_Baden-Württemberg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Companies owned by Baden-Württemberg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Companies_owned_by_Baden-Württemberg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Urban public transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vital_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vital_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Vital statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vital_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Football" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Football"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3.1</span> <span>Football</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Football-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Handball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Handball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3.2</span> <span>Handball</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Handball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basketball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basketball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3.3</span> <span>Basketball</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basketball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ice_hockey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ice_hockey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3.4</span> <span>Ice hockey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ice_hockey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Volleyball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volleyball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3.5</span> <span>Volleyball</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volleyball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motorsport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motorsport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3.6</span> <span>Motorsport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motorsport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Dialects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreigners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreigners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Foreigners</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreigners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Baden-Württemberg</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 156 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-156" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">156 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A3%E1%8B%B0%E1%8A%95-%E1%89%A9%E1%88%AD%E1%89%B0%E1%88%9D%E1%89%A1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AD" title="ባደን-ቩርተምቡርክ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ባደን-ቩርተምቡርክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-Wyrttemberg" title="Baden-Wyrttemberg – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Baden-Wyrttemberg" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%BA" title="بادن-فورتمبيرغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بادن-فورتمبيرغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-Wurtemberg" title="Baden-Wurtemberg – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Baden-Wurtemberg" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-Wurtemberg" title="Baden-Wurtemberg – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Baden-Wurtemberg" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_suyu" title="Baden-Württemberg suyu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Baden-Württemberg suyu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-V%C3%BCrtemberq" title="Baden-Vürtemberq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Baden-Vürtemberq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82" title="بادن-وورتمبرق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بادن-وورتمبرق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97" title="বাডেন-ভুর্টেমবের্গ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাডেন-ভুর্টেমবের্গ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%92%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Баден-Вюртемберг – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Баден-Вюртемберг" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD-%D0%92%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Бадэн-Вюртэмберг – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бадэн-Вюртэмберг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD-%D0%92%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Бадэн-Вюртэмбэрг – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бадэн-Вюртэмбэрг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%92%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Баден-Вюртемберг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Баден-Вюртемберг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodn-Wiattmbeag" title="Bodn-Wiattmbeag – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Bodn-Wiattmbeag" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%92%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Баден-Вюртемберг – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Баден-Вюртемберг" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%92%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Баден-Вюртемберг – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Баден-Вюртемберг" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_Region" title="Baden-Württemberg Region – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Baden-Württemberg Region" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1densko-W%C3%BCrttembersko" title="Bádensko-Württembersko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bádensko-Württembersko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttembergska" title="Baden-Württembergska – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Baden-Württembergska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B7-%CE%92%CF%85%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B7" title="Βάδη-Βυρτεμβέργη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βάδη-Βυρτεμβέργη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-Wurtemberg" title="Baden-Wurtemberg – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Baden-Wurtemberg" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-Virtembergo" title="Baden-Virtembergo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Baden-Virtembergo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="بادن-وورتمبرگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بادن-وورتمبرگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bade-Wurtemberg" title="Bade-Wurtemberg – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bade-Wurtemberg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-Wuertemberch" title="Baden-Wuertemberch – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Baden-Wuertemberch" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%8D%B4%EB%B7%94%EB%A5%B4%ED%85%9C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%A3%BC" title="바덴뷔르템베르크주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바덴뷔르템베르크주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B6-%D5%8E%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Բադեն-Վյուրթեմբերգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բադեն-Վյուրթեմբերգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="बादेन-वुर्तेम्बर्ग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बादेन-वुर्तेम्बर्ग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badensko-W%C3%BCrttembergska" title="Badensko-Württembergska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Badensko-Württembergska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badenia-Wurtemberg" title="Badenia-Wurtemberg – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Badenia-Wurtemberg" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%92%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Баден-Вюртемберг – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Баден-Вюртемберг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9F-%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%92" title="באדן-וירטמברג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="באדן-וירטמברג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C-%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ბადენ-ვიურტემბერგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბადენ-ვიურტემბერგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%92%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Баден-Вюртемберг – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Баден-Вюртемберг" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-Wurttemberg" title="Baden-Wurttemberg – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Baden-Wurttemberg" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badenia_et_Virtembergia" title="Badenia et Virtembergia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Badenia et Virtembergia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%81dene-Virtemberga" title="Bādene-Virtemberga – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bādene-Virtemberga" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badenas-Viurtembergas" title="Badenas-Viurtembergas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Badenas-Viurtembergas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/badenvirtemberg" title="badenvirtemberg – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="badenvirtemberg" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Баден-Виртемберг – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Баден-Виртемберг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%BB-%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D" title="ബാഡൻ-വ്യൂർട്ടംബർഗ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബാഡൻ-വ്യൂർട്ടംബർഗ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="बाडेन-व्युर्टेंबर्ग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बाडेन-व्युर्टेंबर्ग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%DA%A4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="بادين-ڤورتيمبيرج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بادين-ڤورتيمبيرج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="بادن-وورتمبرگ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بادن-وورتمبرگ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%92%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Баден-Вюртемберг – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Баден-Вюртемберг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boaden-Wurttembaarg" title="Boaden-Wurttembaarg – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Boaden-Wurttembaarg" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="बाडेन-वुर्टेम्बर्ग – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बाडेन-वुर्टेम्बर्ग" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%9D%E3%83%B4%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AF%E5%B7%9E" title="バーデン＝ヴュルテンベルク州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バーデン＝ヴュルテンベルク州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%92%D1%83%D1%8C%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Баден-Вуьртемберг – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Баден-Вуьртемберг" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-Vyurtemberg" title="Baden-Vyurtemberg – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Baden-Vyurtemberg" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%A8-%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95" title="ਬਾਡਨ-ਵਰਟਮਬਰਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਾਡਨ-ਵਰਟਮਬਰਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="بادنورتمبرگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بادنورتمبرگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AB" title="بادن ورتمبرګ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بادن ورتمبرګ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badenia-Wirtembergia" title="Badenia-Wirtembergia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Badenia-Wirtembergia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-Vyurtemberg" title="Baden-Vyurtemberg – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Baden-Vyurtemberg" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-V%C3%BCrtemberg" title="Baden-Vürtemberg – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Baden-Vürtemberg" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bade-W%C3%B6%C3%B6tebersch" title="Bade-Wöötebersch – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Bade-Wöötebersch" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%92%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Баден-Вюртемберг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Баден-Вюртемберг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%92%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Баден Вүртемберг – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Баден Вүртемберг" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrtembierich" title="Baden-Würtembierich – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Baden-Würtembierich" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-Vyrtemberg" title="Baden-Vyrtemberg – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Baden-Vyrtemberg" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%DA%8A%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%BD%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="بيڊن ورٽمبرگ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بيڊن ورٽمبرگ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1densko-W%C3%BCrttembersko" title="Bádensko-Württembersko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bádensko-Württembersko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden_-_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden - Württemberg – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Baden - Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%86-%DA%A4%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8E%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="بادن-ڤویرتمبێرگ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بادن-ڤویرتمبێرگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Баден-Виртемберг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Баден-Виртемберг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-Wurtemberg" title="Baden-Wurtemberg – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Baden-Wurtemberg" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="பாடன்-வுயர்ட்டம்பெர்கு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாடன்-வுயர்ட்டம்பெர்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%92%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Баден-Вюртемберг – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Баден-Вюртемберг" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99-%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84" title="รัฐบาเดิน-เวือร์ทเทิมแบร์ค – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐบาเดิน-เวือร์ทเทิมแบร์ค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%92%D3%AF%D1%80%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Баден-Вӯрттемберг – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Баден-Вӯрттемберг" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%92%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Баден-Вюртемберг – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Баден-Вюртемберг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="بادن-وورتمبرگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بادن-وورتمبرگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad%C3%A4n%E2%B8%97V%C3%BCrt%C3%A4n" title="Badän⸗Vürtän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Badän⸗Vürtän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%99%BB-%E7%AC%A6%E9%A8%B0%E5%A0%A1" title="巴登-符騰堡 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="巴登-符騰堡" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%99%BB-%E7%AC%A6%E8%85%BE%E5%A0%A1%E5%B7%9E" title="巴登-符腾堡州 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="巴登-符腾堡州" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9F-%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92" title="באדן-ווירטמבורג – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="באדן-ווירטמבורג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%99%BB%EF%BC%8D%E7%83%8F%E9%A8%B0%E5%A0%A1" title="巴登－烏騰堡 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="巴登－烏騰堡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Baden-Württemberg" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%99%BB-%E7%AC%A6%E8%85%BE%E5%A0%A1" title="巴登-符腾堡 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴登-符腾堡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-Vurtemberg" title="Baden-Vurtemberg – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Baden-Vurtemberg" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&params=48_32_16_N_9_2_28_E_type:adm1st_region:DE"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°32′16″N</span> <span class="longitude">9°2′28″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.53778°N 9.04111°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.53778; 9.04111</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Federal state in south western Germany</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the German state. For the warship, see <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg-class_frigate" title="Baden-Württemberg-class frigate">Baden-Württemberg-class frigate</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in Germany</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Baden-Württemberg</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Baden-Württemberg"><img alt="Flag of Baden-Württemberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/120px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/180px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/240px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Flag of Baden-Württemberg">Flag</a></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Baden-Württemberg"><img alt="Coat of arms of Baden-Württemberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/120px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/180px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/240px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="374" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Coat of arms of Baden-Württemberg">Coat of arms</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The-laend03.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Baden-Württemberg"><img alt="Official logo of Baden-Württemberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/The-laend03.svg/100px-The-laend03.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/The-laend03.svg/150px-The-laend03.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/The-laend03.svg/200px-The-laend03.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="260" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 300px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="300" data-zoom="5" data-lat="51.1" data-lon="10.5" data-overlays="["_90d75ed1373dea71f9aaaf0d69d457141cbded20"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/5/51.1/10.5/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,51.1,10.5,250x300.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&revid=1276289532&groups=_90d75ed1373dea71f9aaaf0d69d457141cbded20" width="250" height="300" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,51.1,10.5,250x300@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&revid=1276289532&groups=_90d75ed1373dea71f9aaaf0d69d457141cbded20 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&params=48_32_16_N_9_2_28_E_type:adm1st_region:DE"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°32′16″N</span> <span class="longitude">9°2′28″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.53778°N 9.04111°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.53778; 9.04111</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg#State_of_Baden-Württemberg_from_1952_to_the_present" title="History of Baden-Württemberg">25 April 1952</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Landtag of Baden-Württemberg">Landtag of Baden-Württemberg</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Minister_president_(Germany)" title="Minister president (Germany)">Minister-President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Winfried_Kretschmann" title="Winfried Kretschmann">Winfried Kretschmann</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Greens</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Governing parties</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Greens</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Bundesrat_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundesrat of Germany">Bundesrat votes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6 (of 69)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag seats</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2021_German_federal_election#Baden-Württemberg" title="Results of the 2021 German federal election">102 (of 736)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">35,751.46 km<sup>2</sup> (13,803.72 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020-09-30)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">11,111,496 · <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of German states by population">3rd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">311/km<sup>2</sup> (810/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">€572.837 billion (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">€50,982 (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">DE-BW</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/First_level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="First level NUTS of the European Union">NUTS Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data">DE1</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2021)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.956<sup id="cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalDataLab-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">very high</span> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of German states by Human Development Index">3rd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baden-wuerttemberg.de/en/home/">baden-wuerttemberg.de</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wirkoennenalles.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Wirkoennenalles.svg/250px-Wirkoennenalles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Wirkoennenalles.svg/375px-Wirkoennenalles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Wirkoennenalles.svg/500px-Wirkoennenalles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>A campaign sticker developed by <a href="/wiki/Scholz_%26_Friends" title="Scholz & Friends">Scholz & Friends</a>, translated, "We can [do] anything. Except [speak] <a href="/wiki/Standard_German" title="Standard German">Standard German</a>." That is an allusion to Baden-Württemberg being one of the principal centres for innovation in Germany and having its own distinctive <a href="#Dialects">dialects</a>.</figcaption></figure><p><b>Baden-Württemberg</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">BAH</span>-dən <span style="font-size:90%">VURT</span>-əm-burg</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˌbaːdn̩<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈvʏʁtəmbɛʁk]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/2d\/De-Baden_W%C3%BCrttemberg.ogg\/De-Baden_W%C3%BCrttemberg.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Baden W\u00fcrttemberg.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/De-Baden_W%C3%BCrttemberg.ogg/De-Baden_W%C3%BCrttemberg.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Baden_W%C3%BCrttemberg.ogg" title="File:De-Baden Württemberg.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>), commonly shortened to <b>BW</b> or <b>BaWü</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">German state</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Land</i></span>) in <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest Germany">Southwest Germany</a>, east of the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a>, which forms the southern part of Germany's western border with <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. With more than 11.07 million inhabitants as of 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> across a total area of nearly 35,752 km<sup>2</sup> (13,804 sq mi), it is the third-largest German state by both <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of German states by area">area</a> (behind <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a>) and <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of German states by population">population</a> (behind <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Our_State_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Our_State-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_by_population" title="List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population">largest city in Baden-Württemberg</a> is the state capital of <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a>. Other major cities are <a href="/wiki/Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg im Breisgau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konstanz" title="Konstanz">Konstanz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pforzheim" title="Pforzheim">Pforzheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reutlingen" title="Reutlingen">Reutlingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCbingen" title="Tübingen">Tübingen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a>. </p><p>Modern Baden-Württemberg includes the historical territories of <a href="/wiki/Baden" title="Baden">Baden</a>, Prussian <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Hohenzollern" title="Province of Hohenzollern">Hohenzollern</a>, and <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Württemberg">Württemberg</a>. Baden-Württemberg became a state of <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> in April 1952 through the merger of <a href="/wiki/South_Baden" title="South Baden">South Baden</a>, <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg-Baden" title="Württemberg-Baden">Württemberg-Baden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg-Hohenzollern" title="Württemberg-Hohenzollern">Württemberg-Hohenzollern</a>. These states had been created by the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a> as they separated traditional states into occupation zones after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. </p><p>Baden-Württemberg is especially known for its strong economy with various industries like <a href="/wiki/Car_manufacturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Car manufacturing">car manufacturing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">mechanical engineering</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">service sector</a>, and more.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has the <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_GRP" class="mw-redirect" title="List of German states by GRP">third-highest</a> <a href="/wiki/Gross_regional_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross regional product">gross regional product</a> (GRP) in Germany. Part of the <a href="/wiki/Four_Motors_for_Europe" title="Four Motors for Europe">Four Motors for Europe</a> and located in the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Banana" title="Blue Banana">Blue Banana</a>, some of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_German_companies" title="List of largest German companies">largest German companies</a> are headquartered in Baden-Württemberg, including <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Group" title="Mercedes-Benz Group">Mercedes-Benz Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schwarz_Group" title="Schwarz Group">Schwarz Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Bosch GmbH">Bosch</a> and <a href="/wiki/SAP" title="SAP">SAP</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Sobriquet" title="Sobriquet">sobriquet</a> <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Ländle</i></span>, a <a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">diminutive</a> of the word <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Land</i></span> in the local <a href="/wiki/Swabian_German" title="Swabian German">Swabian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alemannic_German" title="Alemannic German">Alemannic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franconian_(linguistics)" title="Franconian (linguistics)">Franconian</a> dialects, is sometimes used as a synonym for Baden-Württemberg.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="History of Baden-Württemberg">History of Baden-Württemberg</a></div> <p>Baden-Württemberg is formed from the historical territories of <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Württemberg">Württemberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baden" title="Baden">Baden</a> and Prussian <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Hohenzollern" title="Province of Hohenzollern">Hohenzollern</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Planet_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planet-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baden spans along the flat right bank of the river <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> from north-west to the south (<a href="/wiki/Lake_Constance" title="Lake Constance">Lake Constance</a>) of the present state, whereas Württemberg and Hohenzollern lay more inland and hillier, including areas such as the <a href="/wiki/Swabian_Jura" title="Swabian Jura">Swabian Jura</a> mountain range. The <a href="/wiki/Black_Forest" title="Black Forest">Black Forest</a> formed part of the border between Baden and Württemberg. </p><p>In 100 AD, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> invaded and occupied Württemberg, constructing a <a href="/wiki/Limes_(Roman_Empire)" title="Limes (Roman Empire)">limes</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along its northern borders. Over the course of the third century AD, the <a href="/wiki/Alemanni" title="Alemanni">Alemanni</a> forced the Romans to retreat west beyond the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> rivers. In 496 AD the <a href="/wiki/Alemanni" title="Alemanni">Alemanni</a> were defeated by a <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> invasion led by <a href="/wiki/Clovis_I" title="Clovis I">Clovis I</a>. </p><p>The Holy Roman Empire was later established. The majority of people in this region continued to be Roman Catholics, even after the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> influenced populations in northern Germany. </p><p>In the late 18th and early 19th century, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCnzelsau" title="Künzelsau">Künzelsau</a>, the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Hohenlohe_(district)" title="Hohenlohe (district)">Hohenlohe district</a>, became the centre of emigration to the UK of pork butchers and bacon factors. The pioneers noticed a niche for speciality pork products in the rapidly growing English cities, especially those in the industrial centre and North. Many married local women and sent word home that a good living could be made in England; others followed.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, numerous people emigrated from this primarily rural area to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> for economic reasons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century_to_present">20th century to present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 20th century to present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the beginning of the 20th century, the territory of modern-day Baden-Württemberg consisted of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Baden" title="Grand Duchy of Baden">Grand Duchy of Baden</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Kingdom of Württemberg</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Hohenzollern" title="Province of Hohenzollern">province of Hohenzollern</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a>. Since 1871, these had been part of the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>. In the aftermath of World War I and as part of the <a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">German revolution of 1918</a>, the monarchs of Baden,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Württemberg<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Prussia<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were deposed, and these states became democratic republics: the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Baden" title="Republic of Baden">Republic of Baden</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Free_People%27s_State_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Free People's State of Württemberg">Free People's State of Württemberg</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Prussia" title="Free State of Prussia">Free State of Prussia</a>. </p><p>Following <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> becoming <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">chancellor of Germany</a> in 1933, the democratic institutions of Baden, Württemberg and Prussia were abolished as part of the <i><a href="/wiki/Gleichschaltung" title="Gleichschaltung">Gleichschaltung</a></i>. </p><p>After World War II, the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a> established three states in the territory of modern-day Baden-Württemberg: (South) <a href="/wiki/South_Baden" title="South Baden">Baden</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg-Baden" title="Württemberg-Baden">Württemberg-Baden</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg-Hohenzollern" title="Württemberg-Hohenzollern">Württemberg-Hohenzollern</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/South_Baden" title="South Baden">Baden</a> and <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg-Hohenzollern" title="Württemberg-Hohenzollern">Württemberg-Hohenzollern</a> were occupied by <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, while <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg-Baden" title="Württemberg-Baden">Württemberg-Baden</a> was occupied by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. The new artificial borders were a consequence of France requesting its own occupation zone in Germany after World War II, and the Americans' wish to keep the <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_8" title="Bundesautobahn 8">A8 motorway</a>, which spans east-west across northern Baden and northern Württemberg, wholly within their occupation zone. </p><p>In 1949, each state became a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">Federal Republic of Germany</a> (West Germany), with Article 118 of the <a href="/wiki/German_constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="German constitution">German constitution</a> providing an accession procedure. On 9 December 1951, <a href="/wiki/1951_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_referendum" title="1951 Baden-Württemberg referendum">a referendum</a> was held in Württemberg-Baden, Württemberg-Hohenzollern and (South) Baden over a possible merger, or the restoration of the former pre-war states.<sup id="cite_ref-Our_State_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Our_State-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was strong support for the merger in Württemberg and Hohenzollern, but opposition in Baden. While a majority in the historic area of Baden (52%) voted to restore the former pre-war states, the majority of voters overall (69%) voted in favor of a merger.<sup id="cite_ref-Our_State_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Our_State-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baden-Württemberg officially became a <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">state</a> on 25 April 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-Our_State_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Our_State-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were still opponents to the merger of Baden and Württemberg, however. In 1956 the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Constitutional_Court" title="Federal Constitutional Court">Federal Constitutional Court</a> decided that the population of Baden should have their say in a separate referendum. The second referendum was delayed, however, and the Federal Constitutional Court decided in 1969 that another referendum should be held by 30 June 1970. The referendum in the historic area of Baden was finally held on 7 June 1970, with 81.9% of the voters voting in favour of the merger of Baden and Württemberg.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Baden-Württemberg shares borders with the German states of <a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, and also shares borders with <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>, within the region of <a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> (cantons of <a href="/wiki/Basel-Landschaft" title="Basel-Landschaft">Basel-Landschaft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basel-Stadt" title="Basel-Stadt">Basel-Stadt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aargau" title="Aargau">Aargau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton of Zürich">Zürich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Schaffhausen" title="Canton of Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thurgau" title="Thurgau">Thurgau</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Our_State_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Our_State-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the major cities of Baden-Württemberg straddle the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Neckar_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Neckar River">Neckar River</a>, which has its source in <a href="/wiki/Villingen-Schwenningen" title="Villingen-Schwenningen">Villingen-Schwenningen</a> and runs downstream (from southwest to the centre, then northwest) through the state past <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCbingen" title="Tübingen">Tübingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> (German: <i lang="de">Rhein</i>) forms the western border as well as large portions of the southern border. The <a href="/wiki/Black_Forest" title="Black Forest">Black Forest</a> (Schwarzwald), the central mountain range of the state, rises east of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Rhine_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Rhine valley">Upper Rhine valley</a>. The high plateau of the <a href="/wiki/Swabian_Alb" class="mw-redirect" title="Swabian Alb">Swabian Alb</a>, between the Neckar, the Black Forest, and the Danube, is an essential European <a href="/wiki/Drainage_divide" title="Drainage divide">watershed</a>. Baden-Württemberg shares <a href="/wiki/Lake_Constance" title="Lake Constance">Lake Constance</a> (Bodensee, also known regionally as the <a href="/wiki/Swabia" title="Swabia">Swabian</a> Sea) with Switzerland, Austria and Bavaria, the international borders within its waters not being clearly defined. It shares the foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> (known as the <a href="/wiki/Allg%C3%A4u" title="Allgäu">Allgäu</a>) with Bavaria and the Austrian <a href="/wiki/Vorarlberg" title="Vorarlberg">Vorarlberg</a>, but Baden-Württemberg itself has no mainland border with Austria. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> is conventionally taken to be formed by the confluence of the two streams <a href="/wiki/Brigach" title="Brigach">Brigach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Breg_(river)" title="Breg (river)">Breg</a> just east of <a href="/wiki/Donaueschingen" title="Donaueschingen">Donaueschingen</a>. The source of the <a href="/wiki/Donaubach" title="Donaubach">Donaubach</a>, which flows into the Danube, in Donaueschingen is often referred to as the "source of the Danube" (<i>Donauquelle</i>). Hydrologically, the source of the Danube is the source of the Breg as the larger of the two formative streams, which rises near <a href="/wiki/Furtwangen_im_Schwarzwald" title="Furtwangen im Schwarzwald">Furtwangen</a>. </p><p>The forests in this region are home to common pests such as <i><a href="/wiki/Melolontha_hippocastani" title="Melolontha hippocastani">Melolontha Hippocastrani</a></i>, that cause damage to the foliage and soil. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mountains">Mountains</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mountains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_and_hills_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="List of mountains and hills of Baden-Württemberg">List of mountains and hills of Baden-Württemberg</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-rules" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augstberg" title="Augstberg">Augstberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belchen_(Schwarzwald)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belchen (Schwarzwald)">Belchen (Schwarzwald)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blasenberg_(Swabian_Jura)" title="Blasenberg (Swabian Jura)">Blasenberg (Swabian Jura)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blauer_Stein" title="Blauer Stein">Blauer Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bl%C3%B6%C3%9Fling_(Schwarzwald)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blößling (Schwarzwald) (page does not exist)">Blößling (Schwarzwald)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braunhardsberg" title="Braunhardsberg">Braunhardsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutenberg" title="Deutenberg">Deutenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eichelberg_(Odenwald)" title="Eichelberg (Odenwald)">Eichelberg (Odenwald)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feldberg_(Schwarzwald)" class="mw-redirect" title="Feldberg (Schwarzwald)">Feldberg (Schwarzwald)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filsenberg" title="Filsenberg">Filsenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geissberg_(Germany)" title="Geissberg (Germany)">Geissberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldkopf" title="Goldkopf">Goldkopf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haigern" title="Haigern">Haigern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardberg_(Schwarzwald)" title="Hardberg (Schwarzwald)">Hardberg (Schwarzwald)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasenberg_(Stuttgart)" title="Hasenberg (Stuttgart)">Hasenberg (Stuttgart)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heersberg" title="Heersberg">Heersberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiligenkopf" title="Heiligenkopf">Heiligenkopf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzogenhorn" title="Herzogenhorn">Herzogenhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himberg_(Swabian_Jura)" title="Himberg (Swabian Jura)">Himberg (Swabian Jura)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochkopf_(Northern_Black_Forest)" title="Hochkopf (Northern Black Forest)">Hochkopf (Northern Black Forest)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochkopf_(Southern_Black_Forest)" title="Hochkopf (Southern Black Forest)">Hochkopf (Southern Black Forest)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrenberg" title="Irrenberg">Irrenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammertenberg" title="Kammertenberg">Kammertenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luginsland" title="Luginsland">Luginsland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimberg" title="Nimberg">Nimberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfaffenberg_(Wendelsheim)" title="Pfaffenberg (Wendelsheim)">Pfaffenberg (Wendelsheim)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnarrenberg_(T%C3%BCbingen)" title="Schnarrenberg (Tübingen)">Schnarrenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teckberg" title="Teckberg">Teckberg</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hills">Hills</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hills"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lemberg_(Affalterbach)" title="Lemberg (Affalterbach)">Lemberg (Affalterbach)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Baden-Württemberg is – along with Bavaria – the southernmost part of Germany. </p><p>The climate across the states varies. This is mostly due to a high amount of mountains and highlands inside of the state. Most parts in the western parts (Baden) lower than 500–800 metres (1,600–2,600 ft) enjoy an almost year round mild <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> (cfb in Köppen classification). The climate in the eastern parts of the state is more continental.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, winters in the city of Ulm are colder than in Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While winters in the warmest areas often lack snow, the <a href="/wiki/Black_Forest" title="Black Forest">Black Forest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swabian_Jura" title="Swabian Jura">Swabian Alb</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">the Alps</a> tend to get snow frequently, especially in areas of high elevation. Summers here have more rain than in the valleys, but winters tend to have more sun. </p><p>Due to the differences of the landscapes, average annual temperatures reach from only 5 °C (41 °F) in the microclimates of Black Forest and <a href="/wiki/Allg%C3%A4u" title="Allgäu">Allgäu</a> up to 13 °C (55 °F) in the Upper Rhine Valley. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Karlsruhe (1991–2020), 115 Meters, 377.3 ft </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6<br />(36.7) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8<br />(69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4<br />(43.5) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6<br />(36.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5<br />(41.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7<br />(58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2<br />(34.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #C3FFC3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.0<br />(1.57) </td> <td style="background: #C2FFC2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.9<br />(1.45) </td> <td style="background: #C3FFC3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.1<br />(1.58) </td> <td style="background: #C3FFC3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.9<br />(1.53) </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.7<br />(2.51) </td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.7<br />(2.43) </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.7<br />(2.63) </td> <td style="background: #8DFF8D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.5<br />(3.01) </td> <td style="background: #B4FFB4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.7<br />(1.92) </td> <td style="background: #B5FFB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.5<br />(1.95) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.6<br />(2.07) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.2<br />(2.06) </td> <td style="background: #AFFFAF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">627.5<br />(24.71) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #4747FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.9 </td> <td style="background: #4A4AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.3 </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.3 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.7 </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.9 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.0 </td> <td style="background: #6464FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.5 </td> <td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #5757FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.6 </td> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.7 </td> <td style="background: #2E2EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.9 </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">162.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #5F5F5F; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52.4 </td> <td style="background: #9C9C9C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.8 </td> <td style="background: #BBBB43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">130.4 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">184.1 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">209.3 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">217.2 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">223.3 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">209.8 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">162.2 </td> <td style="background: #AEAE8D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">103.4 </td> <td style="background: #686868; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55.5 </td> <td style="background: #4F4F4F; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.4 </td> <td style="background: #C0C024; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,668.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <i>weather-online</i><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administration">Administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_by_population" title="List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population">List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StuttgartSchlossPlatz.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/StuttgartSchlossPlatz.JPG/220px-StuttgartSchlossPlatz.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/StuttgartSchlossPlatz.JPG/330px-StuttgartSchlossPlatz.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/StuttgartSchlossPlatz.JPG/440px-StuttgartSchlossPlatz.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a> center with the <a href="/wiki/Schlossplatz_(Stuttgart)" title="Schlossplatz (Stuttgart)">Schlossplatz</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_image_of_the_Karlsruhe_Schlossgarten_(view_from_the_south).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Aerial_image_of_the_Karlsruhe_Schlossgarten_%28view_from_the_south%29.jpg/220px-Aerial_image_of_the_Karlsruhe_Schlossgarten_%28view_from_the_south%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Aerial_image_of_the_Karlsruhe_Schlossgarten_%28view_from_the_south%29.jpg/330px-Aerial_image_of_the_Karlsruhe_Schlossgarten_%28view_from_the_south%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Aerial_image_of_the_Karlsruhe_Schlossgarten_%28view_from_the_south%29.jpg/440px-Aerial_image_of_the_Karlsruhe_Schlossgarten_%28view_from_the_south%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5400" data-file-height="3700" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heidelberg_Altstadt_Schloss_Luftbild.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Heidelberg_Altstadt_Schloss_Luftbild.JPG/220px-Heidelberg_Altstadt_Schloss_Luftbild.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Heidelberg_Altstadt_Schloss_Luftbild.JPG/330px-Heidelberg_Altstadt_Schloss_Luftbild.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Heidelberg_Altstadt_Schloss_Luftbild.JPG/440px-Heidelberg_Altstadt_Schloss_Luftbild.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4074" data-file-height="2834" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Neckar" title="Neckar">Neckar</a> river and the vast <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_Castle" title="Heidelberg Castle">Heidelberg Schloss</a> (upper picture part)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20120802-DSC_2665.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/20120802-DSC_2665.jpg/220px-20120802-DSC_2665.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/20120802-DSC_2665.jpg/330px-20120802-DSC_2665.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/20120802-DSC_2665.jpg/440px-20120802-DSC_2665.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="801" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Freiburg_Minster" title="Freiburg Minster">Freiburg Minster</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Der_Friedrichsplatz_und_der_Wasserturm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Der_Friedrichsplatz_und_der_Wasserturm.jpg/220px-Der_Friedrichsplatz_und_der_Wasserturm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Der_Friedrichsplatz_und_der_Wasserturm.jpg/330px-Der_Friedrichsplatz_und_der_Wasserturm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Der_Friedrichsplatz_und_der_Wasserturm.jpg/440px-Der_Friedrichsplatz_und_der_Wasserturm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ulm_-_Stadtkulisse_Ulm_mit_Donau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Ulm_-_Stadtkulisse_Ulm_mit_Donau.jpg/220px-Ulm_-_Stadtkulisse_Ulm_mit_Donau.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Ulm_-_Stadtkulisse_Ulm_mit_Donau.jpg/330px-Ulm_-_Stadtkulisse_Ulm_mit_Donau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Ulm_-_Stadtkulisse_Ulm_mit_Donau.jpg/440px-Ulm_-_Stadtkulisse_Ulm_mit_Donau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3560" data-file-height="2313" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a> with the famous <a href="/wiki/Ulm_Minster" title="Ulm Minster">Ulm minster</a> and the world's highest church tower.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Altstadt-tuebingen-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Altstadt-tuebingen-1.jpg/220px-Altstadt-tuebingen-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Altstadt-tuebingen-1.jpg/330px-Altstadt-tuebingen-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Altstadt-tuebingen-1.jpg/440px-Altstadt-tuebingen-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCbingen" title="Tübingen">Tübingen</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baden-Baden_10-2015_img05_View_from_Merkur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Baden-Baden_10-2015_img05_View_from_Merkur.jpg/220px-Baden-Baden_10-2015_img05_View_from_Merkur.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Baden-Baden_10-2015_img05_View_from_Merkur.jpg/330px-Baden-Baden_10-2015_img05_View_from_Merkur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Baden-Baden_10-2015_img05_View_from_Merkur.jpg/440px-Baden-Baden_10-2015_img05_View_from_Merkur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4378" data-file-height="2918" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Baden-Baden" title="Baden-Baden">Baden-Baden</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Baden-Württemberg is divided into thirty-five districts (<a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany"><i>Landkreise</i></a>) and nine independent cities (<i>Stadtkreise</i>), both grouped into the four Administrative Districts (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Regierungsbezirke</a></i></span>) of <a href="/wiki/Freiburg_(region)" title="Freiburg (region)">Freiburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_(region)" title="Karlsruhe (region)">Karlsruhe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_(region)" title="Stuttgart (region)">Stuttgart</a>, and <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCbingen_(region)" title="Tübingen (region)">Tübingen</a>. </p><p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cities_and_Districts_in_Baden-Wuerttemberg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of Baden-Württemberg and its administrative divisions (Landkreise and Stadtkreise)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Cities_and_Districts_in_Baden-Wuerttemberg.svg/400px-Cities_and_Districts_in_Baden-Wuerttemberg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="461" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Cities_and_Districts_in_Baden-Wuerttemberg.svg/600px-Cities_and_Districts_in_Baden-Wuerttemberg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Cities_and_Districts_in_Baden-Wuerttemberg.svg/800px-Cities_and_Districts_in_Baden-Wuerttemberg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="753" data-file-height="868" /></a></span><br /> The 35 districts: </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td width="34%" valign="top"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Alb-Donau-Kreis" title="Alb-Donau-Kreis">Alb-Donau-Kreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biberach_(district)" title="Biberach (district)">Biberach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodenseekreis" title="Bodenseekreis">Bodenseekreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6blingen_(district)" title="Böblingen (district)">Böblingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald" title="Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald">Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calw_(district)" title="Calw (district)">Calw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstanz_(district)" title="Konstanz (district)">Konstanz</a> <i>(Constance)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmendingen_(district)" title="Emmendingen (district)">Emmendingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzkreis" title="Enzkreis">Enzkreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esslingen_(district)" title="Esslingen (district)">Esslingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freudenstadt_(district)" title="Freudenstadt (district)">Freudenstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ppingen_(district)" title="Göppingen (district)">Göppingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidenheim_(district)" title="Heidenheim (district)">Heidenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn_(district)" title="Heilbronn (district)">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohenlohe_(district)" title="Hohenlohe (district)">Hohenlohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_(district)" title="Karlsruhe (district)">Karlsruhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6rrach_(district)" title="Lörrach (district)">Lörrach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwigsburg_(district)" title="Ludwigsburg (district)">Ludwigsburg</a></li></ol> </td> <td width="33%" valign="top"> <ol start="19"> <li> <a href="/wiki/Main-Tauber_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Main-Tauber (district)">Main-Tauber</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis" title="Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis">Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Ortenaukreis" title="Ortenaukreis">Ortenaukreis</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Ostalbkreis" title="Ostalbkreis">Ostalbkreis</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Rastatt_(district)" title="Rastatt (district)">Rastatt</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Ravensburg_(district)" title="Ravensburg (district)">Ravensburg</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Rems-Murr-Kreis" title="Rems-Murr-Kreis">Rems-Murr-Kreis</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Reutlingen_(district)" title="Reutlingen (district)">Reutlingen</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Rhein-Neckar-Kreis" title="Rhein-Neckar-Kreis">Rhein-Neckar-Kreis</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Rottweil_(district)" title="Rottweil (district)">Rottweil</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Hall_(district)" title="Schwäbisch Hall (district)">Schwäbisch Hall</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis" title="Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis">Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Sigmaringen_(district)" title="Sigmaringen (district)">Sigmaringen</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCbingen_(district)" title="Tübingen (district)">Tübingen</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Tuttlingen_(district)" title="Tuttlingen (district)">Tuttlingen</a> </li><li> <a href="/wiki/Waldshut_(district)" title="Waldshut (district)">Waldshut</a></li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Zollernalbkreis" title="Zollernalbkreis">Zollernalbkreis</a></li> </ol> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Baden-Württemberg contains nine additional independent cities not belonging to any district: </p> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Code</th> <th rowspan="2">City <br /> (<i>Stadtkreise</i>)</th> <th rowspan="2">Area<br />(km<sup>2</sup>)</th> <th colspan="3">Population</th> <th rowspan="2">Region <br /> (<i>Regierungs-<br />bezirk</i>) </th></tr> <tr> <th>1997</th> <th>2007</th> <th>2017 </th></tr> <tr> <td>A</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baden-Baden" title="Baden-Baden">Baden-Baden</a></td> <td align="right">140.18</td> <td align="right">52,672</td> <td align="right">54,853 </td> <td align="right">54,718</td> <td>Karlsruhe </td></tr> <tr> <td>B</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg im Breisgau</a></td> <td align="right">153.06</td> <td align="right">200,519</td> <td align="right">219,430 </td> <td align="right">229,636</td> <td>Freiburg </td></tr> <tr> <td>C</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a></td> <td align="right">108.83</td> <td align="right">139,941</td> <td align="right">145,311 </td> <td align="right">160,601</td> <td>Karlsruhe </td></tr> <tr> <td>D</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a></td> <td align="right">99.88</td> <td align="right">120,987</td> <td align="right">121,627 </td> <td align="right">125,113</td> <td>Stuttgart </td></tr> <tr> <td>E</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a></td> <td align="right">173.46</td> <td align="right">276,571</td> <td align="right">288,917 </td> <td align="right">311,919</td> <td>Karlsruhe </td></tr> <tr> <td>F</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a></td> <td align="right">144.96</td> <td align="right">310,475</td> <td align="right">309,795 </td> <td align="right">307,997</td> <td>Karlsruhe </td></tr> <tr> <td>G</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pforzheim" title="Pforzheim">Pforzheim</a></td> <td align="right">98.02</td> <td align="right">118,079</td> <td align="right">119,423 </td> <td align="right">124,289</td> <td>Karlsruhe </td></tr> <tr> <td>H</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></td> <td align="right">207.35</td> <td align="right">585,274</td> <td align="right">597,176 </td> <td align="right">632,743</td> <td>Stuttgart </td></tr> <tr> <td>I</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a></td> <td align="right">118.69</td> <td align="right">115,628</td> <td align="right">121,434 </td> <td align="right">125,596</td> <td>Tübingen </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_state_institutions">Other state institutions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other state institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Baden-Württemberg General Auditing Office acts as an independent body to monitor public offices' correct use of public funds.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Politics of Baden-Württemberg">Politics of Baden-Württemberg</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Landtag_Stuttgart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Landtag_Stuttgart.jpg/220px-Landtag_Stuttgart.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Landtag_Stuttgart.jpg/330px-Landtag_Stuttgart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Landtag_Stuttgart.jpg/440px-Landtag_Stuttgart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Baden-Württemberg state parliament in <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The state <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Landtag of Baden-Württemberg">parliament of Baden-Württemberg</a> is the <i>Landtag</i>, located in Stuttgart. The state government is currently formed by a <a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Greens</a>-<a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a> coalition as the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Kretschmann_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Kretschmann III">third cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/Minister-President_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister-President of Baden-Württemberg">Minister-President</a> <a href="/wiki/Winfried_Kretschmann" title="Winfried Kretschmann">Winfried Kretschmann</a> (Greens). </p><p>The politics of Baden-Württemberg have traditionally been dominated by the conservative <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">Christian Democratic Union of Germany</a> (CDU), which had led all but one government since 1952 until 2011. In the <i>Landtag</i> <a href="/wiki/2011_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_state_election" title="2011 Baden-Württemberg state election">elections held on 27 March 2011</a>, voters replaced the Christian Democrats and centre-right <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">Free Democrats</a> (FDP) coalition with an alliance of the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_%2790/The_Greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance '90/The Greens">Greens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democrats</a> (SPD), which secured a four-seat majority in the state parliament. The alliance elected the Greens-led <a href="/wiki/First_Kretschmann_cabinet" title="First Kretschmann cabinet">first Kretschmann cabinet</a> under <a href="/wiki/Winfried_Kretschmann" title="Winfried Kretschmann">Winfried Kretschmann</a> because the Greens had surprisingly won 36 seats, one more than the Social Democrats' 35 seats. In the <a href="/wiki/2016_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_state_election" title="2016 Baden-Württemberg state election">2016 election</a>, the popular Kretschmann and his Greens were reelected and, with their nationwide best result, turned out first place for the first time in any election in German history. However, because of the Social Democrats' heavy losses, the Greens formed a coalition government with the Christian Democrats, the <a href="/wiki/Second_Kretschmann_cabinet" title="Second Kretschmann cabinet">second Kretschmann cabinet</a>. After the most recent election in 2021, the Greens-CDU coalition was upheld. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Most_recent_election_results">Most recent election results</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Most recent election results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2021_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_state_election" title="2021 Baden-Württemberg state election">2021 Baden-Württemberg state election</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="9" align="center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2021_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_state_election_-_composition_chart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/2021_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_state_election_-_composition_chart.svg/360px-2021_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_state_election_-_composition_chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/2021_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_state_election_-_composition_chart.svg/540px-2021_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_state_election_-_composition_chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/2021_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_state_election_-_composition_chart.svg/720px-2021_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_state_election_-_composition_chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2">Party </th> <th rowspan="2">Votes </th> <th rowspan="2">% </th> <th rowspan="2">Swing </th> <th colspan="3">Seats </th> <th rowspan="2">+/– </th></tr> <tr> <th><abbr title="Single-member constituencies">1st</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Proportional seats filled by losing candidates from single-member constituencies">2nd</abbr> </th> <th>Total </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#409A3C"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Alliance 90/The Greens</a> (GRÜNE) </td> <td>1,586,192 </td> <td>32.6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.3 </td> <td>58 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>58 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#151518"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">Christian Democratic Union of Germany</a> (CDU) </td> <td>1,168,975 </td> <td>24.1 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.9 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>42 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#E3000F"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party of Germany</a> (SPD) </td> <td>535,489 </td> <td>11.0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.7 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>19 </td> <td>19 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFED00"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">Free Democratic Party</a> (FDP) </td> <td>508,429 </td> <td>10.5 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.2 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>18 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#00A2DE"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a> (AfD) </td> <td>473,485 </td> <td>9.7 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5.4 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>17 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9" bgcolor="lightgrey"> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#BE3075"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> (LINKE) </td> <td>173,317 </td> <td>3.6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.7 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F7A800"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Free_Voters" title="Free Voters">Free Voters</a> (FW) </td> <td>146,259 </td> <td>3.0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.9 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#B5152B"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Die_PARTEI" title="Die PARTEI">Die PARTEI</a> </td> <td>59,463 </td> <td>1.2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.9 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#4AA79D"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Grassroots_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Grassroots Democratic Party of Germany">Grassroots Democratic Party of Germany</a> </td> <td>48,497 </td> <td>1.0 </td> <td>New </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#43A428"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Klimaliste" title="Klimaliste">Climate List Baden-Württemberg</a> </td> <td>42,685 </td> <td>0.9 </td> <td>New </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">Party WIR2020 </td> <td>41,128 </td> <td>0.8 </td> <td>New </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FF6400"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ecological_Democratic_Party" title="Ecological Democratic Party">Ecological Democratic Party</a> </td> <td>37,819 </td> <td>0.8 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#502379"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Volt_Germany" title="Volt Germany">Volt Germany</a> </td> <td>22,782 </td> <td>0.5 </td> <td>New </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#01509F"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_C_%E2%80%93_Christians_for_Germany" title="Alliance C – Christians for Germany">Alliance C – Christians for Germany</a> </td> <td>4,081 </td> <td>0.1 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FF820A"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party_Germany" title="Pirate Party Germany">Pirate Party Germany</a> </td> <td>2,878 </td> <td>0.1 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.3 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#263d80"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Motion" title="Democracy in Motion">Democracy in Motion</a> </td> <td>1,005 </td> <td>0.0 </td> <td>New </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#6D6AB1"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Humanists" title="Party of Humanists">Party of Humanists</a> </td> <td>976 </td> <td>0.0 </td> <td>New </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EE6600"> </td> <td align="left">Humane World </td> <td>975 </td> <td>0.0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#000000"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Partei_f%C3%BCr_Gesundheitsforschung" class="mw-redirect" title="Partei für Gesundheitsforschung">Party for Health Research</a> </td> <td>468 </td> <td>0.0 </td> <td>New </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td align="left">One for All – Party </td> <td>178 </td> <td>0.0 </td> <td>New </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>New </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ED1C24"> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/German_Communist_Party" title="German Communist Party">German Communist Party</a> </td> <td>107 </td> <td>0.0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC"> </td> <td align="left">Independents </td> <td>4,463 </td> <td>0.1 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>– </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total </th> <th>4,859,651 </th> <th>100.0 </th> <th>– </th> <th>70 </th> <th>84 </th> <th>154 </th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="left">Invalid/blank votes </td> <td>34,849 </td> <td>0.7 </td> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="left">Registered voters/turnout </td> <td>7,671,039 </td> <td>63.8 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6.6 </td> <td colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statistik-bw.de/Wahlen/Landtag/02035000.tab?R=LA">State Returning Officer</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sap-wdf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sap-wdf.jpg/220px-Sap-wdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sap-wdf.jpg/330px-Sap-wdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Sap-wdf.jpg/440px-Sap-wdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/SAP" title="SAP">SAP</a> headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Walldorf" title="Walldorf">Walldorf</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Although Baden-Württemberg has relatively few natural resources compared to other regions of Germany,<sup id="cite_ref-Our_State_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Our_State-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the state is among the most prosperous<sup id="cite_ref-Planet_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planet-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and wealthiest regions in Europe with a generally low unemployment rate historically. The state's economic performance benefits from and relies on its well-developed infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apart from the city-states of <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, Baden-Württemberg offers the fourth-shortest routes to trains and buses on average among all German states.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite it not being predominantly reliant upon an industrial capacity, Baden-Württemberg is regarded as one of the most strongest economic states in Germany. </p><p>Baden-Württemberg has the <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_exports" title="List of German states by exports">highest</a> exports (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and third-highest imports (2020),<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the second-lowest unemployment rate with 4.3% (March 2021),<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the most patents pending per capita (2020),<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the second-highest absolute and highest relative number of companies considered "<a href="/wiki/Hidden_champions" title="Hidden champions">hidden champions</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the highest absolute and relative research and development expenditure (2017)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> among all states in Germany, as well as the highest measured Innovationsindex (2012),<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making it the German state with the <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_GRP" class="mw-redirect" title="List of German states by GRP">third-highest</a> <a href="/wiki/Gross_regional_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross regional product">gross regional product</a> (GRP) as of 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> (behind <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>) with €524,325 billion (around US$636.268 billion).<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baden-Württemberg also has the most employees (233,296) in the automotive industry of all German states as of 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the third-highest number of motor vehicles of all German states (2020).<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If Baden-Württemberg were a sovereign country (2020), it would have an economy comparable to <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Sweden" title="Economy of Sweden">that of Sweden</a> in terms of nominal <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> (GDP).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of well-known enterprises are headquartered in the state, for example <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Group" title="Mercedes-Benz Group">Mercedes-Benz Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Bosch GmbH">Robert Bosch GmbH</a> (automobile industry), <a href="/wiki/Carl_Zeiss_AG" title="Carl Zeiss AG">Carl Zeiss AG</a> (optics), <a href="/wiki/SAP" title="SAP">SAP</a> (Europe's most valuable brand<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_software_companies" title="List of the largest software companies">the largest</a> non-American software enterprise) and <a href="/wiki/Heidelberger_Druckmaschinen" title="Heidelberger Druckmaschinen">Heidelberger Druckmaschinen</a> (precision mechanical engineering). Despite this, Baden-Württemberg's economy is dominated by <a href="/wiki/Small_and_medium-sized_enterprises" class="mw-redirect" title="Small and medium-sized enterprises">small and medium-sized</a> enterprises, like <a href="/wiki/Mittelstand" title="Mittelstand">most companies in German-speaking countries are</a>. Although poor in workable natural resources (formerly lead, zinc, iron, silver, copper, and salts) and still very rural in some areas, the region is heavily industrialised overall. In 2003, there were almost 8,800 manufacturing enterprises with more than 20 employees, but only 384 with more than 500. There are 3,779 companies in Baden-Württemberg corporate family which come to 1000–5000 employees in total. </p><p>The latter category accounts for 43% of the 1.2 million persons employed in the industry. The <i>Mittelstand</i> or mid-sized company model is the backbone of the Baden-Württemberg economy.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Medium-sized businesses and a tradition of branching into different industrial sectors have ensured specialisation over a wide range. A fifth of the "old" Federal Republic's industrial gross value added is generated by Baden-Württemberg. Turnover for manufacturing in 2003 exceeded 240,000 million, 43% of which came from exports. The region depends to some extent on global economic developments, though the great adaptability of the region's economy has generally helped it through crises. Half of the employees in the manufacturing industry are in mechanical and electrical engineering and automobile construction. This is also where the largest enterprises are to be found. The importance of the precision mechanics industry also extends beyond the region's borders, as does that of the optical, clock making, toy, metallurgy and electronics industries. The textile industry, which formerly dominated much of the region, has disappeared from Baden-Württemberg. <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">Research and development</a> (R&D) is funded jointly by the state and industry. In 2001, more than a fifth of the 100,000 or so persons working in R&D in Germany were located in Baden-Württemberg, most of them in the <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a> area.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baden-Württemberg is also the region with the highest GDP of the <a href="/wiki/Four_Motors_for_Europe" title="Four Motors for Europe">Four Motors for Europe</a>. </p><p>A study performed in 2007 by the neo-liberal thinktank <a href="/wiki/Initiative_Neue_Soziale_Marktwirtschaft" title="Initiative Neue Soziale Marktwirtschaft">Initiative for New Social Market Economy</a> and the trade newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Wirtschaftswoche" title="Wirtschaftswoche">Wirtschaftswoche</a></i> awarded Baden-Württemberg for being the "economically most successful and most dynamic state" among the 16 states. </p><p>The unemployment rate stood at 3% in October 2018 and was the second lowest in Germany behind only Bavaria and one of the lowest in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>2000 </th> <th>2001 </th> <th>2002 </th> <th>2003 </th> <th>2004 </th> <th>2005 </th> <th>2006 </th> <th>2007 </th> <th>2008 </th> <th>2009 </th> <th>2010 </th> <th>2011 </th> <th>2012 </th> <th>2013 </th> <th>2014 </th> <th>2015 </th> <th>2016 </th> <th>2017 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Unemployment rate in % </td> <td>5.4 </td> <td>4.9 </td> <td>5.4 </td> <td>6.2 </td> <td>6.2 </td> <td>7.0 </td> <td>6.3 </td> <td>4.9 </td> <td>4.1 </td> <td>5.1 </td> <td>4.9 </td> <td>4.0 </td> <td>3.9 </td> <td>4.1 </td> <td>4.0 </td> <td>3.8 </td> <td>3.8 </td> <td>3.5 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>relies largely or entirely on a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source" title="Wikipedia:Articles with a single source">single source</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Talk:Baden-Württemberg">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg%22">"Baden-Württemberg"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blick_vom_Belchen_(15092104395)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Blick_vom_Belchen_%2815092104395%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Blick_vom_Belchen_%2815092104395%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Blick_vom_Belchen_%2815092104395%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Blick_vom_Belchen_%2815092104395%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Blick_vom_Belchen_%2815092104395%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Blick_vom_Belchen_%2815092104395%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="3838" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Black_Forest" title="Black Forest">Black Forest</a> as seen from the <a href="/wiki/Belchen" title="Belchen">Belchen</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Baden-Württemberg is a popular holiday destination. Main sights include the capital and biggest city, <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>, modern and historical at the same time, with its urban architecture and atmosphere (and famously, its inner-city parks and historic <a href="/wiki/Wilhelma" title="Wilhelma">Wilhelma</a> zoo), its castles (such as <a href="/wiki/Castle_Solitude" class="mw-redirect" title="Castle Solitude">Castle Solitude</a>), its museums as well as a rich cultural programme (theatre, opera) and <a href="/wiki/Mineral_spring" title="Mineral spring">mineral spring</a> baths in Bad Cannstatt (also the site of a Roman <a href="/wiki/Castra" title="Castra">Castra</a>); it is the only major city in Germany with vineyards in an urban territory. </p><p>The residential (court) towns of <a href="/wiki/Ludwigsburg" title="Ludwigsburg">Ludwigsburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a>, the spas and casino of luxurious <a href="/wiki/Baden-Baden" title="Baden-Baden">Baden-Baden</a>, the medieval architecture of <a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ulm_M%C3%BCnster" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulm Münster">Ulm Münster</a> is the tallest church in the world), the vibrant, young, but traditional university towns of <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCbingen" title="Tübingen">Tübingen</a> with their old castles looking out above the river Neckar, are popular smaller towns. Sites of former monasteries such as the ones on <a href="/wiki/Reichenau_Island" title="Reichenau Island">Reichenau Island</a> and at <a href="/wiki/Maulbronn" title="Maulbronn">Maulbronn</a> (both <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a>) as well as <a href="/wiki/Bebenhausen_Abbey" title="Bebenhausen Abbey">Bebenhausen Abbey</a> are to be found. Baden-Württemberg also boasts rich old <a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_Cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Imperial Cities">Free Imperial Cities</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Biberach_an_der_Riss" class="mw-redirect" title="Biberach an der Riss">Biberach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar">Esslingen am Neckar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ravensburg" title="Ravensburg">Ravensburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reutlingen" title="Reutlingen">Reutlingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCnzelsau" title="Künzelsau">Künzelsau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Hall" title="Schwäbisch Hall">Schwäbisch Hall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aalen" title="Aalen">Aalen</a> as well as the southernmost and sunniest city of Germany, <a href="/wiki/Freiburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Freiburg">Freiburg</a>, close to Alsace and Switzerland, being an ideal base for exploring the heights of the nearby <a href="/wiki/Black_Forest" title="Black Forest">Black Forest</a> (e.g., for <a href="/wiki/Skiing" title="Skiing">skiing</a> in winter or for hiking in summer) with its traditional villages and the surrounding wine country of the Rhine Valley of South Baden.<sup id="cite_ref-Planet_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planet-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The countryside of the lush Upper Neckar valley (where <a href="/wiki/Rottweil" title="Rottweil">Rottweil</a> is famous for its <a href="/wiki/Swabian-Alemannic_Fastnacht" title="Swabian-Alemannic Fastnacht"><i>Fastnacht</i></a> carnival) and the pristine <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> valley <a href="/wiki/Swabian_Alb" class="mw-redirect" title="Swabian Alb">Swabian Alb</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Hohenzollern_Castle" title="Hohenzollern Castle">Hohenzollern Castle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sigmaringen_Castle" title="Sigmaringen Castle">Sigmaringen Castle</a>), as well as the largely pristine <a href="/w/index.php?title=Swabian_Forest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swabian Forest (page does not exist)">Swabian Forest</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Rhine_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Rhine Valley">Upper Rhine Valley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Constance" title="Lake Constance">Lake Constance</a>, where all kinds of water sports are popular, with the former Imperial, today border town of <a href="/wiki/Konstanz" title="Konstanz">Konstanz</a> (where the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Constance" title="Council of Constance">Council of Constance</a> took place), the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> village at <a href="/wiki/Unteruhldingen" title="Unteruhldingen">Unteruhldingen</a>, the flower island of <a href="/wiki/Mainau" title="Mainau">Mainau</a>, and the hometown of the <a href="/wiki/Zeppelin" title="Zeppelin">Zeppelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrichshafen" title="Friedrichshafen">Friedrichshafen</a> a.o., are especially popular for outdoor activities in the summer months.<sup id="cite_ref-Planet_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Planet-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In spring and autumn (April/May and September/October), beer festivals (fun fairs) take place at the <a href="/wiki/Cannstatter_Wasen" title="Cannstatter Wasen">Cannstatter Wasen</a> in Stuttgart. The <a href="/wiki/Cannstatter_Volksfest" title="Cannstatter Volksfest">Cannstatter Volksfest</a>, in the autumn, is the second-largest such festival in the world after the Munich <a href="/wiki/Oktoberfest" title="Oktoberfest">Oktoberfest</a>. In late November and early December <a href="/wiki/Christmas_market" title="Christmas market">Christmas markets</a> are a tourist magnet in all major towns, the largest being in Stuttgart during the three weeks before Christmas. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bertha_Benz_Memorial_Route" title="Bertha Benz Memorial Route">Bertha Benz Memorial Route</a> is a 194 km signposted scenic route from <a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a> via <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wiesloch" title="Wiesloch">Wiesloch</a> to <a href="/wiki/Pforzheim" title="Pforzheim">Pforzheim</a> and back, which follows the route of the world's first long-distance <a href="/wiki/Road_trip" title="Road trip">journey</a> by automobile which <a href="/wiki/Bertha_Benz" title="Bertha Benz">Bertha Benz</a> undertook in August 1888. </p><p>Baden-Württemberg also is home to <a href="/wiki/Europa-Park" title="Europa-Park">Europa-Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rust,_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Rust, Baden-Württemberg">Rust</a>. The largest <a href="/wiki/Theme_park" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme park">theme park</a> in Germany, and the second most popular theme park in Europe, after <a href="/wiki/Disneyland_Paris" title="Disneyland Paris">Disneyland Paris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Companies_owned_by_Baden-Württemberg"><span id="Companies_owned_by_Baden-W.C3.BCrttemberg"></span>Companies owned by Baden-Württemberg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Companies owned by Baden-Württemberg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Company</th> <th>Industry</th> <th>Percentage owned</th> <th>Source </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/EnBW" title="EnBW">EnBW</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Energy_industry" title="Energy industry">Energy industry</a></td> <td>45%</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rothaus" title="Rothaus">Badische Staatsbrauerei Rothaus</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage_industry_in_Europe" title="Alcoholic beverage industry in Europe">Beverage industry</a></td> <td>100%</td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uni_Bibliothek_(Freiburg)_jm33894.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Uni_Bibliothek_%28Freiburg%29_jm33894.jpg/220px-Uni_Bibliothek_%28Freiburg%29_jm33894.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Uni_Bibliothek_%28Freiburg%29_jm33894.jpg/330px-Uni_Bibliothek_%28Freiburg%29_jm33894.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Uni_Bibliothek_%28Freiburg%29_jm33894.jpg/440px-Uni_Bibliothek_%28Freiburg%29_jm33894.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5698" data-file-height="3187" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/University_Library_Freiburg" title="University Library Freiburg">University Library Freiburg</a> was reopened in 2015.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uni_KA_Portal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Uni_KA_Portal.jpg/220px-Uni_KA_Portal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Uni_KA_Portal.jpg/330px-Uni_KA_Portal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Uni_KA_Portal.jpg/440px-Uni_KA_Portal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1359" data-file-height="1837" /></a><figcaption>The University of Karlsruhe. Since 2009, it has been known as the <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_Institute_of_Technology" title="Karlsruhe Institute of Technology">Karlsruhe Institute of Technology</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SchlossMannheim-Pano-130616.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/SchlossMannheim-Pano-130616.jpg/220px-SchlossMannheim-Pano-130616.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/SchlossMannheim-Pano-130616.jpg/330px-SchlossMannheim-Pano-130616.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/SchlossMannheim-Pano-130616.jpg/440px-SchlossMannheim-Pano-130616.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6977" data-file-height="1582" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Mannheim_Palace" title="Mannheim Palace">Mannheim Palace</a> houses the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mannheim" title="University of Mannheim">University of Mannheim</a>, which repeatedly receives top marks in <a href="/wiki/Business_administration" title="Business administration">business administration</a> and is sometimes referred to as the "<a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a> of Germany".<sup id="cite_ref-:3_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Special:EditPage/Baden-Württemberg">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg%22">"Baden-Württemberg"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Baden-Württemberg is home to some of the oldest, most renowned, and prestigious universities in Germany, such as the universities of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Heidelberg" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a> (founded in 1386, the oldest university within the territory of modern Germany), <a href="/wiki/University_of_Freiburg" title="University of Freiburg">Freiburg</a> (founded in 1457), and <a href="/wiki/University_of_T%C3%BCbingen" title="University of Tübingen">Tübingen</a> (founded in 1477). It also contains three of the eleven German <i>excellence universities</i> (Heidelberg, Tübingen, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Konstanz" title="University of Konstanz">Konstanz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_Institute_of_Technology" title="Karlsruhe Institute of Technology">Karlsruhe</a> and formerly, Freiburg ).<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other university towns are <a href="/wiki/University_of_Mannheim" title="University of Mannheim">Mannheim</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ulm" title="University of Ulm">Ulm</a>. Furthermore, two universities are located in the state capital <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hohenheim" title="University of Hohenheim">University of Hohenheim</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Stuttgart" title="University of Stuttgart">University of Stuttgart</a>. Ludwigsburg is home to the national film school <a href="/wiki/Filmakademie_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Filmakademie Baden-Württemberg">Filmakademie Baden-Württemberg</a> (Film Academy Baden-Wuerttemberg). The private <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_University_in_Germany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International University in Germany (page does not exist)">International University in Germany</a> was situated in <a href="/wiki/Bruchsal" title="Bruchsal">Bruchsal</a>, but closed in 2009. Another private university is located in Friedrichshafen, <a href="/wiki/Zeppelin_University" title="Zeppelin University">Zeppelin University</a>. </p><p>Furthermore, there are more than a dozen <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Fachhochschule" title="Fachhochschule">Fachhochschulen</a></i></span>, i.e., universities of applied sciences, as well as <i>Pädagogische Hochschulen</i>, i.e., teacher training colleges, and other institutions of tertiary education in Baden-Württemberg.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>l<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pforzheim_University_of_Applied_Sciences" title="Pforzheim University of Applied Sciences">Pforzheim University</a> is one of the oldest Fachhochschulen in Germany which is renowned and highly ranked for its engineering and MBA programs. </p><p>The state has the highest density of universities of any state in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway">Railway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stuttgart_Hbf_2021_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Stuttgart_Hbf_2021_3.jpg/220px-Stuttgart_Hbf_2021_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Stuttgart_Hbf_2021_3.jpg/330px-Stuttgart_Hbf_2021_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Stuttgart_Hbf_2021_3.jpg/440px-Stuttgart_Hbf_2021_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Intercity_Express" title="Intercity Express">ICE</a> high-speed, <a href="/wiki/Intercity_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercity (Germany)">Intercity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Go-Ahead_Verkehrsgesellschaft_Deutschland" class="mw-redirect" title="Go-Ahead Verkehrsgesellschaft Deutschland">Go-Ahead</a> regional train in <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_Hauptbahnhof" title="Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof">Stuttgart's central station</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schwarzwaldexpress.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Schwarzwaldexpress.JPG/220px-Schwarzwaldexpress.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Schwarzwaldexpress.JPG/330px-Schwarzwaldexpress.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Schwarzwaldexpress.JPG/440px-Schwarzwaldexpress.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/DB_Regio" title="DB Regio">DB Regio</a> regional train on the <a href="/wiki/Black_Forest_Railway_(Baden)" title="Black Forest Railway (Baden)">Black Forest Railway</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bombardier_Talent_2_der_SWEG_im_Bahnhof_Staufen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bombardier_Talent_2_der_SWEG_im_Bahnhof_Staufen.jpg/220px-Bombardier_Talent_2_der_SWEG_im_Bahnhof_Staufen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bombardier_Talent_2_der_SWEG_im_Bahnhof_Staufen.jpg/330px-Bombardier_Talent_2_der_SWEG_im_Bahnhof_Staufen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bombardier_Talent_2_der_SWEG_im_Bahnhof_Staufen.jpg/440px-Bombardier_Talent_2_der_SWEG_im_Bahnhof_Staufen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/SWEG_S%C3%BCdwestdeutsche_Landesverkehrs-AG" class="mw-redirect" title="SWEG Südwestdeutsche Landesverkehrs-AG">SWEG</a> local train on the <a href="/wiki/Bad_Krozingen%E2%80%93M%C3%BCnstertal_railway" title="Bad Krozingen–Münstertal railway">Münstertal branch line</a> </figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">Railways</a> form a major part of the transport infrastructure in Baden-Württemberg. As of 2017, the main <a href="/wiki/Standard-gauge_railway" title="Standard-gauge railway">standard gauge</a> railway network managed by <a href="/wiki/DB_Netz" title="DB Netz">DB Netz</a> consists of about 3,350 kilometres (2,080 mi) of railway lines connecting all major settlements of the state,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with about 6,500 trains operating every day. As part of <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Germany" title="High-speed rail in Germany">high-speed rail in Germany</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mannheim%E2%80%93Stuttgart_high-speed_railway" title="Mannheim–Stuttgart high-speed railway">Mannheim–Stuttgart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wendlingen%E2%80%93Ulm_high-speed_railway" title="Wendlingen–Ulm high-speed railway">Stuttgart–Ulm</a> high-speed lines were built, and the <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe%E2%80%93Basel_high-speed_railway" title="Karlsruhe–Basel high-speed railway">Karlsruhe–Basel high-speed line</a>, paralleling the traditional <a href="/wiki/Mannheim%E2%80%93Karlsruhe%E2%80%93Basel_railway" title="Mannheim–Karlsruhe–Basel railway">Mannheim–Karlsruhe–Basel railway</a>, is currently under construction. In and around Stuttgart, the old <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_Hauptbahnhof" title="Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof">terminal station</a> is currently being replaced with an underground through station as part of the controversial <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_21" title="Stuttgart 21">Stuttgart 21</a> project. </p><p>Local branch lines of around 860 kilometres (530 mi), managed by the state-owned <a href="/wiki/SWEG_S%C3%BCdwestdeutsche_Landesverkehrs-AG" class="mw-redirect" title="SWEG Südwestdeutsche Landesverkehrs-AG">SWEG</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hohenzollerische_Landesbahn" title="Hohenzollerische Landesbahn">Hohenzollerische Landesbahn</a> (HzL), Karlsruhe-owned <a href="/wiki/Albtal-Verkehrs-Gesellschaft" title="Albtal-Verkehrs-Gesellschaft">Albtal-Verkehrs-Gesellschaft</a> (AVG), private <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttembergische_Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft" title="Württembergische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft">Württembergische Eisenbahn</a> (WEG) and other smaller rail infrastructure operators, complete the state's railway infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Passenger_train" title="Passenger train">Passenger train</a> services in Baden-Württemberg are operated partly by various subsidiaries of <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bahn" title="Deutsche Bahn">Deutsche Bahn</a>, the national railway operator, such as <a href="/wiki/DB_Fernverkehr" title="DB Fernverkehr">DB Fernverkehr</a> with its high-speed <a href="/wiki/Intercity_Express" title="Intercity Express">ICE</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Intercity_(Deutsche_Bahn)" title="Intercity (Deutsche Bahn)">IC trains</a>; and <a href="/wiki/DB_Regio" title="DB Regio">DB Regio</a>, operating some regional train services in the state. Cross-border train services are also provided by <a href="/wiki/SNCF" title="SNCF">French Railways</a>' <a href="/wiki/TGV" title="TGV">TGV</a> trains, as well as by <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Railways" title="Swiss Federal Railways">Swiss Federal Railways</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%96BB" class="mw-redirect" title="ÖBB">Austrian Federal Railways</a> (including its <a href="/wiki/Nightjet" title="Nightjet">Nightjet</a> night trains). </p><p>Since the 1990s, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_railway_routes_in_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="List of regional railway routes in Baden-Württemberg">around 120 individual regional train services</a> in Baden-Württemberg have been managed by the state-owned <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahverkehrsgesellschaft_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nahverkehrsgesellschaft Baden-Württemberg (page does not exist)">Nahverkehrsgesellschaft Baden-Württemberg</a> (NVBW),<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which has started to commercially tender out these train operations.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DB Regio, SWEG, HzL, AVG and WEG have been joined in operating regional trains by <a href="/wiki/Abellio_Deutschland" title="Abellio Deutschland">Abellio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agilis" title="Agilis">Agilis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodensee-Oberschwaben-Bahn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bodensee-Oberschwaben-Bahn (page does not exist)">Bodensee-Oberschwaben-Bahn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Go-Ahead_Verkehrsgesellschaft_Deutschland" class="mw-redirect" title="Go-Ahead Verkehrsgesellschaft Deutschland">Go-Ahead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Railways" title="Swiss Federal Railways">SBB</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schw%C3%A4bische_Alb-Bahn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schwäbische Alb-Bahn (page does not exist)">Schwäbische Alb-Bahn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vias_(rail_company)" title="Vias (rail company)">VIAS</a>, which entered the market.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting in the 1970s, regional rail around major cities has been transformed into high-frequent <a href="/wiki/S-Bahn" title="S-Bahn">S-Bahn</a> networks, currently the following systems exist (partly) in Baden-Württemberg: <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_S-Bahn" title="Stuttgart S-Bahn">Stuttgart S-Bahn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhine-Neckar_S-Bahn" title="Rhine-Neckar S-Bahn">Rhine-Neckar S-Bahn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breisgau_S-Bahn" title="Breisgau S-Bahn">Breisgau S-Bahn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basel_S-Bahn" title="Basel S-Bahn">Basel S-Bahn</a>. In and around the cities of Karlsruhe and Heilbronn, the <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_Stadtbahn" title="Karlsruhe Stadtbahn">Karlsruhe Stadtbahn</a> system combines elements of traditional S-Bahns with tram operations within the urban cores (<a href="/wiki/Tram-train" title="Tram-train">tram-trains</a>). </p><p>Historically, the railway system in Baden-Württemberg was developed at first by the state's predecessors' state railways: the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Baden_State_Railway" title="Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway">Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway</a> opened its first railway line between <a href="/wiki/Mannheim_Hauptbahnhof" title="Mannheim Hauptbahnhof">Mannheim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_Hauptbahnhof" title="Heidelberg Hauptbahnhof">Heidelberg</a> on 12 September 1840; uniquely in Germany, it used a <a href="/wiki/5_ft_3_in_gauge_railways" title="5 ft 3 in gauge railways">broad gauge</a> of <span class="nowrap">1,600 mm</span> (<span class="nowrap">5 ft 3 in</span>) in its early years. In Württemberg, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_W%C3%BCrttemberg_State_Railways" title="Royal Württemberg State Railways">Royal State Railways</a> opened their first line on 22 October 1845 between two present-day suburbs of Stuttgart.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1900, the <a href="/wiki/Hohenzollerische_Landesbahn" title="Hohenzollerische Landesbahn">Hohenzollerische Landesbahn</a> (HzL) was founded to expand the rail system in the Prussian province, which had previously only been served by short sections of Württemberg lines passing through "foreign" territory. After the construction of the main lines, various private or local government initiatives constructed branch or local railway lines, some of which survive today as AVG, SWEG, <a href="/wiki/Rhein-Neckar-Verkehr" title="Rhein-Neckar-Verkehr">RNV</a> or WEG lines. In 1920, the Baden and Württemberg state railways merged with other state railways to form <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Reichsbahn" title="Deutsche Reichsbahn">Deutsche Reichsbahn</a>, which was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bundesbahn" title="Deutsche Bundesbahn">Deutsche Bundesbahn</a> after World War II. A lot of smaller railway lines, both DB and remaining local or private lines, closed in the decades after World War II, or were at least run-down with minimal service for passengers. Since the 1990s, some of these lines have been revived and revitalised marking good examples for increased ridership through attractive trains and timetables, with some examples being the <a href="/wiki/Kraichgau_Railway" title="Kraichgau Railway">Kraichgau Railway</a> (taken over by AVG) and the <a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6nbuch_Railway" title="Schönbuch Railway">Schönbuch Railway</a> (reopened by WEG).<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A popular TV programme portraying railways around Germany and the world, <i><a href="/wiki/Eisenbahn-Romantik" title="Eisenbahn-Romantik">Eisenbahn-Romantik</a></i>, originates in Baden-Württemberg and is produced by its public broadcaster <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCdwestrundfunk" title="Südwestrundfunk">SWR</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_public_transport">Urban public transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Urban public transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_transport_associations#Baden-Württemberg" title="List of German transport associations">List of Baden-Württemberg transport associations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haltestelle_Staatsgalerie_Stuttgart-pjt1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Haltestelle_Staatsgalerie_Stuttgart-pjt1.jpg/220px-Haltestelle_Staatsgalerie_Stuttgart-pjt1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Haltestelle_Staatsgalerie_Stuttgart-pjt1.jpg/330px-Haltestelle_Staatsgalerie_Stuttgart-pjt1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Haltestelle_Staatsgalerie_Stuttgart-pjt1.jpg/440px-Haltestelle_Staatsgalerie_Stuttgart-pjt1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5718" data-file-height="3812" /></a><figcaption>Underground open-air light rail station in Stuttgart</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karlsruhe_-_D%C3%BCwag_GT6-70D-N_-_AVG_235_-_2019-05-19_10-53-22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Karlsruhe_-_D%C3%BCwag_GT6-70D-N_-_AVG_235_-_2019-05-19_10-53-22.jpg/220px-Karlsruhe_-_D%C3%BCwag_GT6-70D-N_-_AVG_235_-_2019-05-19_10-53-22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Karlsruhe_-_D%C3%BCwag_GT6-70D-N_-_AVG_235_-_2019-05-19_10-53-22.jpg/330px-Karlsruhe_-_D%C3%BCwag_GT6-70D-N_-_AVG_235_-_2019-05-19_10-53-22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Karlsruhe_-_D%C3%BCwag_GT6-70D-N_-_AVG_235_-_2019-05-19_10-53-22.jpg/440px-Karlsruhe_-_D%C3%BCwag_GT6-70D-N_-_AVG_235_-_2019-05-19_10-53-22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2434" data-file-height="1814" /></a><figcaption>Tram in front of <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_Hauptbahnhof" title="Karlsruhe Hauptbahnhof">Karlsruhe's central station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Baden-Württemberg's area is covered by 19 <a href="/wiki/Verkehrsverbund" class="mw-redirect" title="Verkehrsverbund"><i>Verkehrsverbünde</i></a> (transport associations), organising and managing local public transport, as well as ensuring harmonised fares between different bus and train operators.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For inter-<i>Verbünde</i> journeys, the <i>bwtarif</i>, created in 2018, offers seamless tickets across the state.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2023, tram and light rail systems exist in <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Trams in Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Heidelberg" title="Trams in Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Heilbronn_Stadtbahn" title="Heilbronn Stadtbahn">Heilbronn</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>o<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Karlsruhe" title="Trams in Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>p<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Mannheim/Ludwigshafen" title="Trams in Mannheim/Ludwigshafen">Mannheim</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>q<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_Stadtbahn" title="Stuttgart Stadtbahn">Stuttgart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Ulm" title="Trams in Ulm">Ulm</a>. International tram lines also reach Baden-Württemberg: <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Basel" title="Trams in Basel">Basel</a>'s tram 8 serves <a href="/wiki/Weil_am_Rhein" title="Weil am Rhein">Weil am Rhein</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg_tramway" title="Strasbourg tramway">Strasbourg</a>'s tram D extends to <a href="/wiki/Kehl" title="Kehl">Kehl</a>. There is also a <a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Trolleybuses in Esslingen am Neckar">trolleybus system in Esslingen am Neckar</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1871</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,349,409</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1900</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,107,325</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.71%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1933</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,185,618</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.71%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1950</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6,430,225</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.27%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1960</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">7,726,859</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.85%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,895,048</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.42%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1980</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9,258,947</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.40%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9,822,027</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.59%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,600,906</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.70%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">10,486,660</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.11%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2022</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11,104,040</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.52%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source:<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The population of Baden-Württemberg was 10,486,660 in 2014, of which 5,354,105 were female and 5,132,555 male. In 2006, the birth rate of 8.61 per 1000 was almost equal to the death rate of 8.60 per 1000. 14.87 percent of the population was under the age of 15, whereas the proportion of people aged 65 and older was at 18.99 per cent (2008). The <a href="/wiki/Dependency_ratio" title="Dependency ratio">dependency ratio</a>–the ratio of people aged under 15 and over 64 in comparison to the working-age population (aged 15–64)–was 512 per 1000 (2008). In 2018, Baden-Württemberg <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of German states by Human Development Index">ranked 2</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a> (HDI) among all states in Germany, after <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>. With an average <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a> of 79.8 years for men and 84.2 years for women (2017–2019 <a href="/wiki/Life_table" title="Life table">life table</a>), Baden-Württemberg <a href="/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_life_expectancy" title="List of German states by life expectancy">ranks first</a> in this category among all states in Germany for both sexes.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Baden-Württemberg has long been a preferred destination of immigrants. As of 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, almost 28% of its population had a migration background as defined by the Federal Statistical Office of Germany; this number clearly surpassed the German average of 21% and was higher than in any other German state with the exception of the city states of Hamburg and Bremen.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2014<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 9,355,239 of the population held German citizenship, whereas 1,131,421 were <a href="/wiki/Alien_(law)" title="Alien (law)">foreign nationals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;"><span style="font-size:110%;">Largest cities or towns in Baden-Württemberg</span><br /><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistik.baden-wuerttemberg.de/">www<wbr />.statistik<wbr />.baden-wuerttemberg<wbr />.de</a></span></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_by_population" title="List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population">Rank</a> </th> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Regierungsbezirk</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_by_population" title="List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population">Pop.</a> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stuttgart,_Blickrichtung_Nord_von_der_Weinsteige_aus,_Innenstadt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stuttgart"><img alt="Stuttgart" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Stuttgart%2C_Blickrichtung_Nord_von_der_Weinsteige_aus%2C_Innenstadt.jpg/120px-Stuttgart%2C_Blickrichtung_Nord_von_der_Weinsteige_aus%2C_Innenstadt.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Stuttgart%2C_Blickrichtung_Nord_von_der_Weinsteige_aus%2C_Innenstadt.jpg/180px-Stuttgart%2C_Blickrichtung_Nord_von_der_Weinsteige_aus%2C_Innenstadt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Stuttgart%2C_Blickrichtung_Nord_von_der_Weinsteige_aus%2C_Innenstadt.jpg/240px-Stuttgart%2C_Blickrichtung_Nord_von_der_Weinsteige_aus%2C_Innenstadt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="377" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_image_of_the_Karlsruhe_Schlossgarten_(view_from_the_south).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karlsruhe"><img alt="Karlsruhe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Aerial_image_of_the_Karlsruhe_Schlossgarten_%28view_from_the_south%29.jpg/120px-Aerial_image_of_the_Karlsruhe_Schlossgarten_%28view_from_the_south%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Aerial_image_of_the_Karlsruhe_Schlossgarten_%28view_from_the_south%29.jpg/180px-Aerial_image_of_the_Karlsruhe_Schlossgarten_%28view_from_the_south%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Aerial_image_of_the_Karlsruhe_Schlossgarten_%28view_from_the_south%29.jpg/240px-Aerial_image_of_the_Karlsruhe_Schlossgarten_%28view_from_the_south%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5400" data-file-height="3700" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_(region)" title="Stuttgart (region)">Stuttgart (region)</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">633,164 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mannheim_Innenstadt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mannheim"><img alt="Mannheim" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Mannheim_Innenstadt.jpg/120px-Mannheim_Innenstadt.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Mannheim_Innenstadt.jpg/180px-Mannheim_Innenstadt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Mannheim_Innenstadt.jpg/240px-Mannheim_Innenstadt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_View_-_Freiburg_im_Breisgau-M%C3%BCnster1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Freiburg im Breisgau"><img alt="Freiburg im Breisgau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Aerial_View_-_Freiburg_im_Breisgau-M%C3%BCnster1.jpg/120px-Aerial_View_-_Freiburg_im_Breisgau-M%C3%BCnster1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Aerial_View_-_Freiburg_im_Breisgau-M%C3%BCnster1.jpg/180px-Aerial_View_-_Freiburg_im_Breisgau-M%C3%BCnster1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Aerial_View_-_Freiburg_im_Breisgau-M%C3%BCnster1.jpg/240px-Aerial_View_-_Freiburg_im_Breisgau-M%C3%BCnster1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3960" data-file-height="2970" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg im Breisgau</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_(region)" title="Karlsruhe (region)">Karlsruhe (region)</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">311,484 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_(region)" title="Karlsruhe (region)">Karlsruhe (region)</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">308,763 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg im Breisgau</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Freiburg_(region)" title="Freiburg (region)">Freiburg (region)</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">229,341 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_(region)" title="Karlsruhe (region)">Karlsruhe (region)</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">160,196 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCbingen_(region)" title="Tübingen (region)">Tübingen (region)</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">125,805 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_(region)" title="Stuttgart (region)">Stuttgart (region)</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">125,599 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pforzheim" title="Pforzheim">Pforzheim</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_(region)" title="Karlsruhe (region)">Karlsruhe (region)</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">125,108 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Reutlingen" title="Reutlingen">Reutlingen</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCbingen_(region)" title="Tübingen (region)">Tübingen (region)</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">115,877 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar">Esslingen am Neckar</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_(region)" title="Stuttgart (region)">Stuttgart (region)</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">93,304 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vital_statistics">Vital statistics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Vital statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Births from January–March 2017 = <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 25,454</li> <li>Births from January–March 2018 = <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 25,161</li> <li>Deaths from January–March 2017 = <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Negative increase"><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 31,767</li> <li>Deaths from January–March 2018 = <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Positive decrease"><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 31,725</li> <li>Natural growth from January–March 2017 = <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> -6,313</li> <li>Natural growth from January–March 2018 = <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> -6,564</li></ul> <p>Source:<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Special:EditPage/Baden-Württemberg">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:none"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion in Baden-Württemberg, 2011<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholics</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DarkOrchid; width:37%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">37%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Church in Germany">EKD Protestants</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DodgerBlue; width:33%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">33%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:LimeGreen; width:6%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other religions or <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">none</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:SlateGray; width:24%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">24%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>Northern and most of central Württemberg has been traditionally <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> (particularly <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a>) since the <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a> in 1534 (with its centre at the famous <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCbinger_Stift" title="Tübinger Stift">Tübinger Stift</a>). The former <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_the_Palatinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Electorate of the Palatinate">Electorate of the Palatinate</a> (Northwestern Baden) with its capital Heidelberg was shaped by <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a> before being integrated into Baden. <a href="/wiki/Upper_Swabia" title="Upper Swabia">Upper Swabia</a>, and the Upper Neckar Valley up to the bishop seat of <a href="/wiki/Rottenburg_am_Neckar" title="Rottenburg am Neckar">Rottenburg</a>, and Southern Baden (the Catholic archbishop has its seat in <a href="/wiki/Freiburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Freiburg">Freiburg</a>) have traditionally been bastions of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a>. Catholics have a very narrow plurality in the state, with 6% of the population adhering to Islam and 24% of the population disclaiming any religion or adhering to other faiths. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stuttgart_stadium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Stuttgart_stadium.jpg/200px-Stuttgart_stadium.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Stuttgart_stadium.jpg/300px-Stuttgart_stadium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Stuttgart_stadium.jpg/400px-Stuttgart_stadium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3909" data-file-height="2927" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/MHPArena" title="MHPArena">MHPArena</a> in Stuttgart, one of the largest stadiums in Germany</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Football">Football</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Football"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Football is the biggest sport in Baden-Württemberg. Clubs currently competing in the <a href="/wiki/Bundesliga" title="Bundesliga">Bundesliga</a> include <a href="/wiki/SC_Freiburg" title="SC Freiburg">SC Freiburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/TSG_1899_Hoffenheim" title="TSG 1899 Hoffenheim">TSG 1899 Hoffenheim</a> and the most successful club in the state, <a href="/wiki/VfB_Stuttgart" title="VfB Stuttgart">VfB Stuttgart</a>, meanwhile <a href="/wiki/Karlsruher_SC" title="Karlsruher SC">Karlsruher SC</a>, <a href="/wiki/1._FC_Heidenheim" title="1. FC Heidenheim">1. FC Heidenheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/SV_Sandhausen" title="SV Sandhausen">SV Sandhausen</a> and <a href="/wiki/SV_Waldhof_Mannheim" title="SV Waldhof Mannheim">Waldhof Mannheim</a> also compete in the top three German soccer divisions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Handball">Handball</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Handball"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Handball-Bundesliga" title="Handball-Bundesliga">Handball-Bundesliga</a> multiple champions <a href="/wiki/Frisch_Auf_G%C3%B6ppingen" title="Frisch Auf Göppingen">Frisch Auf Göppingen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhein-Neckar_L%C3%B6wen" title="Rhein-Neckar Löwen">Rhein-Neckar Löwen</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/TV_Bittenfeld" class="mw-redirect" title="TV Bittenfeld">TVB 1898 Stuttgart</a> are based in Baden-Württemberg. Frisch Auf Göppingen won <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_EHF_Champions_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Men's EHF Champions League">EHF Champions League</a> (Europe's premier club tournament) twice, in <a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_European_Cup_(handball)" title="1959–60 European Cup (handball)">1960</a> and <a href="/wiki/1961%E2%80%9362_European_Cup_(handball)" title="1961–62 European Cup (handball)">1962</a>. Several major women's handball clubs are also based here, including 3-time <a href="/wiki/Handball-Bundesliga_Frauen" class="mw-redirect" title="Handball-Bundesliga Frauen">Frauen Bundesliga</a> champions <a href="/wiki/SG_BBM_Bietigheim" class="mw-redirect" title="SG BBM Bietigheim">SG BBM Bietigheim</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Basketball">Basketball</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Basketball"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Compared to other German states, Baden-Württemberg has a particularly high density of professional basketball teams such as <a href="/wiki/Riesen_Ludwigsburg" title="Riesen Ludwigsburg">Riesen Ludwigsburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ratiopharm_Ulm" title="Ratiopharm Ulm">ratiopharm Ulm</a>, <a href="/wiki/USC_Heidelberg" title="USC Heidelberg">USC Heidelberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/PS_Karlsruhe_Lions" title="PS Karlsruhe Lions">PS Karlsruhe Lions</a> and others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ice_hockey">Ice hockey</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Ice hockey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the most decorated German ice hockey clubs, <a href="/wiki/Adler_Mannheim" title="Adler Mannheim">Adler Mannheim</a>, is based in the city of <a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a>. Other <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Eishockey_Liga" title="Deutsche Eishockey Liga">DEL</a> clubs, such as <a href="/wiki/SC_Bietigheim_Steelers" title="SC Bietigheim Steelers">Bietigheim Steelers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schwenninger_Wild_Wings" title="Schwenninger Wild Wings">Schwenninger Wild Wings</a> are also based in the state. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Volleyball">Volleyball</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Volleyball"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Baden-Württemberg is home to the most successful club in German volleyball history, the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Volleyball-Bundesliga" title="Deutsche Volleyball-Bundesliga">Volleyball-Bundesliga</a> club <a href="/wiki/VfB_Friedrichshafen" title="VfB Friedrichshafen">VfB Friedrichshafen</a>, which won <a href="/wiki/CEV_Champions_League" title="CEV Champions League">CEV Champions League</a> in <a href="/wiki/2006%E2%80%9307_CEV_Champions_League" title="2006–07 CEV Champions League">2006–07</a> season. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Motorsport">Motorsport</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Motorsport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are also multiple motorsport facilities, the most famous one being long-time <a href="/wiki/F1" class="mw-redirect" title="F1">Formula One</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Formula_One_circuits" title="List of Formula One circuits">circuit</a> <a href="/wiki/Hockenheimring" title="Hockenheimring">Hockenheimring</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dialects">Dialects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Alemannic_German" title="Alemannic German">Alemannic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franconian_(linguistics)" title="Franconian (linguistics)">Franconian</a> dialects of German are spoken in Baden-Württemberg. Slightly different variants of the Alemannic dialect <a href="/wiki/Swabian_Jura" title="Swabian Jura">Swabian</a> are spoken in central and southern Württemberg, including in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Swabia" title="Upper Swabia">Upper Swabia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Swabian_Jura" title="Swabian Jura">Swabian Alb</a>, and the central <a href="/wiki/Neckar" title="Neckar">Neckar</a> Valley of the Stuttgart region. In <a href="/wiki/South_Baden" title="South Baden">South Baden</a>, the local dialects are <a href="/wiki/Low_Alemannic_German" title="Low Alemannic German">Low Alemannic</a> and <a href="/wiki/High_Alemannic_German" title="High Alemannic German">High Alemannic</a> (i.e., variants of what is also <a href="/wiki/Swiss_German" title="Swiss German">Swiss German</a>). In the northern part of Baden, i.e., the area around <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mosbach" title="Mosbach">Mosbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Franconian_German" title="South Franconian German">South Franconian</a> dialects are predominant. In the <i><a href="/wiki/Electoral_Palatinate" title="Electoral Palatinate">Kurpfalz</a></i>, however, with the cities of <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a>, the idiom is <a href="/wiki/Rhenish_Franconian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhenish Franconian languages">Rhine Franconian</a> (i.e., <a href="/wiki/Palatine_German_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatine German language">Palatinate German</a>), while in the Northeast of Baden-Württemberg <a href="/wiki/East_Franconian_German" title="East Franconian German">East Franconian</a> is spoken. </p><p>The same or similar Alemannic dialects are also spoken in the neighboring regions, especially in <a href="/wiki/Swabia_(Bavaria)" title="Swabia (Bavaria)">Bavarian Swabia</a>, Alsace (<a href="/wiki/Alsatian_dialect" title="Alsatian dialect">Alsatian</a>), German-speaking Switzerland (Swiss German), and the Austrian <a href="/wiki/Vorarlberg" title="Vorarlberg">Vorarlberg</a>. In contrast, the other Franconian dialects range from the Netherlands over the <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lorraine" title="Lorraine">Lorraine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a> up to <a href="/wiki/Franconia" title="Franconia">Franconia</a> in northern <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rotwelsch" title="Rotwelsch">Pleißne</a> were spoken while <a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a> is still being used by some.<sup id="cite_ref-Grab_von_Josef_Reinhard_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grab_von_Josef_Reinhard-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A variant of the Alemannic German of Baden developed into the <a href="/wiki/Colonia_Tovar_dialect" title="Colonia Tovar dialect">Colonia Tovar dialect</a>, spoken by descendants of immigrants from Baden who went to <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> in 1843. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreigners">Foreigners</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Foreigners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 20 April 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>,<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the largest groups of foreign residents by country of origin were: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"><b>Significant foreign resident populations</b><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nationality</th> <th>Population (20 April 2022)</th> <th>Population (31 December 2023) </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>255,675</td> <td>267,940 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>164,600</td> <td>182,690 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>183,920</td> <td>178,595 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td> <td>150,105</td> <td>166,925 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td>128,170</td> <td>124,920 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29%2C_Flag_of_Syria_%281980%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></td> <td>87,365</td> <td>97,875 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td>90,855</td> <td>84,160 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></td> <td>77,130</td> <td>83,925 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td>82,370</td> <td>78,960 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></td> <td>59,205</td> <td>54,190 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/32px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/48px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/64px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/32px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/48px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/64px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Germany" title="Portal:Germany">Germany portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minister-presidents_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="List of minister-presidents of Baden-Württemberg">List of minister-presidents of Baden-Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4pfle" title="Käpfle">Käpfle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="List of places in Baden-Württemberg">List of places in Baden-Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Motors_for_Europe" title="Four Motors for Europe">Four Motors for Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="History of Baden-Württemberg">History of Baden-Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrnleberg" title="Türnleberg">Türnleberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Württemberg">Württemberg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Coat of arms of Württemberg">Coat of arms of Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="County of Württemberg">County of Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Duchy of Württemberg">Duchy of Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Electorate of Württemberg">Electorate of Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Kingdom of Württemberg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baden" title="Baden">Baden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Baden" title="Coat of arms of Baden">Coat of arms of Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Baden" title="Margraviate of Baden">Margraviate of Baden</a>, for the 16th–18th century state</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Baden" title="Electorate of Baden">Electorate of Baden</a>, for the Napoleonic state</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Baden" title="Grand Duchy of Baden">Grand Duchy of Baden</a>, for the state that existed from 1808–1918</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Baden" title="Republic of Baden">Republic of Baden</a>, for the state that existed from 1918–1945</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Baden" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Baden">Rulers of Baden</a>, for a list of sovereigns and presidents</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statista&rft.atitle=Bruttoinlandsprodukt+in+Deutschland+nach+Bundesl%C3%A4ndern+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fde.statista.com%2Fstatistik%2Fdaten%2Fstudie%2F36889%2Fumfrage%2Fbruttoinlandsprodukt-nach-bundeslaendern%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchäfer2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schäfer, Kristina Antonia (11 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wiwo.de/technologie/blick-hinter-die-zahlen/blick-hinter-die-zahlen-5-autoindustrie-und-jobs-wo-in-deutschland-die-meisten-jobs-an-der-autobranche-haengen/25533060.html">"Blick hinter die Zahlen #5: Wo in Deutschland die meisten Jobs an der Autobranche hängen"</a>. <i>www.wiwo.de</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wiwo.de&rft.atitle=Blick+hinter+die+Zahlen+%235%3A+Wo+in+Deutschland+die+meisten+Jobs+an+der+Autobranche+h%C3%A4ngen&rft.date=2020-02-11&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%A4fer&rft.aufirst=Kristina+Antonia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wiwo.de%2Ftechnologie%2Fblick-hinter-die-zahlen%2Fblick-hinter-die-zahlen-5-autoindustrie-und-jobs-wo-in-deutschland-die-meisten-jobs-an-der-autobranche-haengen%2F25533060.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistikportal.de/de/ugrdl/ergebnisse/verkehr-und-umwelt/kfz">"Kfz | Statistikportal.de"</a>. <i>Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länder | Gemeinsames Statistikportal</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistische+%C3%84mter+des+Bundes+und+der+L%C3%A4nder+%7C+Gemeinsames+Statistikportal&rft.atitle=Kfz+%7C+Statistikportal.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistikportal.de%2Fde%2Fugrdl%2Fergebnisse%2Fverkehr-und-umwelt%2Fkfz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See article <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_states_by_GRP" class="mw-redirect" title="List of German states by GRP">List of German states by GRP</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sap.com/2020/02/brandz-ranking-sap-germany-most-valuable-brand/">"BrandZ Ranking: SAP is Again Germany's Most Valuable | SAP News"</a>. <i>SAP News Center</i>. 6 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SAP+News+Center&rft.atitle=BrandZ+Ranking%3A+SAP+is+Again+Germany%27s+Most+Valuable+%7C+SAP+News&rft.date=2020-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sap.com%2F2020%2F02%2Fbrandz-ranking-sap-germany-most-valuable-brand%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cooke, p. 84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081223024151/http://circa.europa.eu/irc/dsis/regportraits/info/data/en/de1_eco.htm">"BADEN – WÜRTTEMBERG – Economy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a></i>. June 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://circa.europa.eu/irc/dsis/regportraits/info/data/en/de1_eco.htm">the original</a> on 23 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurostat&rft.atitle=BADEN+%E2%80%93+W%C3%9CRTTEMBERG+%E2%80%93+Economy&rft.date=2004-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcirca.europa.eu%2Firc%2Fdsis%2Fregportraits%2Finfo%2Fdata%2Fen%2Fde1_eco.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/36651/umfrage/arbeitslosenquote-in-deutschland-nach-bundeslaendern/">"Arbeitslosenquote nach Bundesländern in Deutschland 2018 | Statista"</a>. <i>Statista</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statista&rft.atitle=Arbeitslosenquote+nach+Bundesl%C3%A4ndern+in+Deutschland+2018+%7C+Statista&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fde.statista.com%2Fstatistik%2Fdaten%2Fstudie%2F36651%2Fumfrage%2Farbeitslosenquote-in-deutschland-nach-bundeslaendern%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF(Destatis)2018" class="citation web cs1">(Destatis), © Statistisches Bundesamt (13 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-genesis.destatis.de/genesis/online/data;sid=8605C2647C4C92D731CC1EC4BAC5AF53.GO_1_3?operation=ergebnistabelleUmfang&levelindex=3&levelid=1542098063701&downloadname=13211-0007">"Federal Statistical Office Germany – GENESIS-Online"</a>. <i>www-genesis.destatis.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Business+leaders+wary+of+Greens%27+state+election+victory&rft.date=2011-03-30&rft.aulast=Haase&rft.aufirst=Nina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw-world.de%2Fdw%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2C14951861%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zeit.de/zustimmung?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeit.de%2F2002%2F22%2FDeutsches_Harvard">"Deutsches Havard"</a>. <i>www.zeit.de</i>. 23 May 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bw-career.de&rft.atitle=Warum+sind+die+Universit%C3%A4ten+hier+so+attraktiv%3F&rft.date=2020-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bw-career.de%2Fde%2Fwelcome-center%2Fwarum-baden-wuerttemberg%2Fwarum-sind-die-universitaeten-hier-so-attraktiv%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutschebahn.com/resource/blob/6845400/9e605bb246963ec2a470d0d59fe7f623/Laendersteckbrief-Baden-Wuerttemberg-data.pdf">"Faktenblatt – Die Deutsche Bahn in Baden-Württemberg"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bahn" title="Deutsche Bahn">Deutsche Bahn</a>. March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Faktenblatt+%E2%80%93+Die+Deutsche+Bahn+in+Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&rft.pub=Deutsche+Bahn&rft.date=2017-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deutschebahn.com%2Fresource%2Fblob%2F6845400%2F9e605bb246963ec2a470d0d59fe7f623%2FLaendersteckbrief-Baden-Wuerttemberg-data.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baden-wuerttemberg.de/de/service/presse/pressemitteilung/pid/nichtbundeseigene-eisenbahnen-erhalten-mehr-foerdermittel">"Nichtbundeseigene Eisenbahnen erhalten mehr Fördermittel"</a> (in German). Ministry for Transport Baden-Württemberg. 5 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nichtbundeseigene+Eisenbahnen+erhalten+mehr+F%C3%B6rdermittel&rft.pub=Ministry+for+Transport+Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&rft.date=2015-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baden-wuerttemberg.de%2Fde%2Fservice%2Fpresse%2Fpressemitteilung%2Fpid%2Fnichtbundeseigene-eisenbahnen-erhalten-mehr-foerdermittel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nvbw.de/die-nvbw/wir-ueber-uns">"Alles rund um die NVBW"</a>. <i>Nahverkehrsgesellschaft Baden-Württemberg mbH</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nahverkehrsgesellschaft+Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg+mbH&rft.atitle=Alles+rund+um+die+NVBW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nvbw.de%2Fdie-nvbw%2Fwir-ueber-uns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vm.baden-wuerttemberg.de/de/mobilitaet-verkehr/schiene/planung-finanzierung-und-ausschreibungen/planung-und-finanzierung">"Land organisiert den Schienenpersonennahverkehr"</a> (in German). Ministry for Transport Baden-Württemberg<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Land+organisiert+den+Schienenpersonennahverkehr&rft.pub=Ministry+for+Transport+Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvm.baden-wuerttemberg.de%2Fde%2Fmobilitaet-verkehr%2Fschiene%2Fplanung-finanzierung-und-ausschreibungen%2Fplanung-und-finanzierung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bwegt.de/bwegt/partner/eisenbahnverkehrsunternehmen">"Eisenbahnverkehrsunternehmen"</a>. <i>bwegt</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bwegt&rft.atitle=Eisenbahnverkehrsunternehmen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bwegt.de%2Fbwegt%2Fpartner%2Feisenbahnverkehrsunternehmen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGüll2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Güll, Reinhard (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statistik-bw.de/Service/Veroeff/Monatshefte/PDF/Beitrag17_03_06.pdf">"Die Eisenbahn im Großherzogtum Baden und im Königreich Württemberg"</a> [The railway in the Grand Duchy of Baden and the Kingdom of Württemberg] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Statistisches Monatsheft Baden-Württemberg</i> (in German). Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistisches+Monatsheft+Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&rft.atitle=Die+Eisenbahn+im+Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum+Baden+und+im+K%C3%B6nigreich+W%C3%BCrttemberg&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=G%C3%BCll&rft.aufirst=Reinhard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistik-bw.de%2FService%2FVeroeff%2FMonatshefte%2FPDF%2FBeitrag17_03_06.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allianz-pro-schiene.de/themen/personenverkehr/nahverkehr/">"Nahverkehr auf der Schiene"</a>. <i>Allianz pro Schiene</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Allianz+pro+Schiene&rft.atitle=Nahverkehr+auf+der+Schiene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allianz-pro-schiene.de%2Fthemen%2Fpersonenverkehr%2Fnahverkehr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bwegt.de/bwegt/partner/verkehrsverbuende">"Die Verkehrsverbünde in Baden-Württemberg"</a>. <i>bwegt</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bwegt&rft.atitle=Die+Verkehrsverb%C3%BCnde+in+Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bwegt.de%2Fbwegt%2Fpartner%2Fverkehrsverbuende&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bwegt.de/ihr-nahverkehr/tickets-und-tarife/der-bwtarif">"Der bwtarif"</a>. <i>bwegt</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bwegt&rft.atitle=Der+bwtarif&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bwegt.de%2Fihr-nahverkehr%2Ftickets-und-tarife%2Fder-bwtarif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statistik-bw.de/BevoelkGebiet/">"Bevölkerung und Gebiet – Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg"</a>. <i>www.statistik-bw.de</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.statistik-bw.de&rft.atitle=Bev%C3%B6lkerung+und+Gebiet+%E2%80%93+Statistisches+Landesamt+Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistik-bw.de%2FBevoelkGebiet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citypopulation.de/en/germany/cities/">"Germany: States and Major Cities"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Germany%3A+States+and+Major+Cities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcitypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fgermany%2Fcities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/820320/umfrage/lebenserwartung-in-bundeslaendern-nach-geschlecht/">"Lebenserwartung nach Bundesländern und Geschlecht 2017/2019"</a>. <i>Statista</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länder. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zensus2011.de/SharedDocs/Aktuelles/Ergebnisse/DemografischeGrunddaten.html?nn=3065474">the original</a> on 13 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Government+and+organs+of+state&rft.pub=Statistische+%C3%84mter+des+Bundes+und+der+L%C3%A4nder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zensus2011.de%2FSharedDocs%2FAktuelles%2FErgebnisse%2FDemografischeGrunddaten.html%3Fnn%3D3065474&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171225053654/http://www.statistik-portal.de/Statistik-Portal/en/en_inhalt01.asp">"Gebiet und Bevölkerung"</a>. <i>Statistik Portal</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistik-portal.de/Statistik-Portal/en/en_inhalt01.asp">the original</a> on 25 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistik+Portal&rft.atitle=Gebiet+und+Bev%C3%B6lkerung&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistik-portal.de%2FStatistik-Portal%2Fen%2Fen_inhalt01.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/201622/umfrage/religionszugehoerigkeit-der-deutschen-nach-bundeslaendern/">"Religionszugehörigkeit nach Bundesländern in Deutschland – Statista"</a>. <i>Statista</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statista&rft.atitle=Religionszugeh%C3%B6rigkeit+nach+Bundesl%C3%A4ndern+in+Deutschland+%E2%80%93+Statista&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fde.statista.com%2Fstatistik%2Fdaten%2Fstudie%2F201622%2Fumfrage%2Freligionszugehoerigkeit-der-deutschen-nach-bundeslaendern%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grab_von_Josef_Reinhard-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Grab_von_Josef_Reinhard_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Stopper): <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schwarzwaelder-bote.de/inhalt.burladingen-grab-von-josef-reinhard-ist-denkmal.f5a3abad-bec8-462d-8e38-f37d9ef0a150.html">Grab Josef Reinhard.</a></i> In: <i><a href="/wiki/Schwarzw%C3%A4lder_Bote" title="Schwarzwälder Bote">Schwarzwälder Bote</a></i> vom 28. Februar 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristian_Efing2019" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Christian Efing (2019), <i>Das Lützenhardter Jenisch: Studien zu einer deutschen Sondersprache</i> (in German), Wiesbaden, p. 74</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+L%C3%BCtzenhardter+Jenisch%3A+Studien+zu+einer+deutschen+Sondersprache&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.pages=74&rft.date=2019&rft.au=Christian+Efing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWerner_Metzger" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Werner Metzger, Schwäbischer Albverein Stuttgart (ed.), <i>Albvereinsblätter- Festrede 125 Jahre Albverein</i> (in German), pp. 3</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Albvereinsbl%C3%A4tter-+Festrede+125+Jahre+Albverein&rft.pages=pp.-3&rft.au=Werner+Metzger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zu Pleißne Burladingen siehe Werner Metzger: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://albverein.net/2013/05/21/125-jahre-schwabischer-albverein-2/">Festrede 125 Jahre Schwäbischer Albverein</a></i>. In: <i>Blätter des Schwäbischen Albvereins 2013</i>, Stuttgart, 4. Mai 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statistik-bw.de/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2021089">"Knapp 1,79 Millionen Ausländerinnen und Ausländer leben in Baden-Württemberg – Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Knapp+1%2C79+Millionen+Ausl%C3%A4nderinnen+und+Ausl%C3%A4nder+leben+in+Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg+%E2%80%93+Statistisches+Landesamt+Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistik-bw.de%2FPresse%2FPressemitteilungen%2F2021089&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www-genesis.destatis.de/genesis//online?operation=table&code=12521-0021&bypass=true&levelindex=0&levelid=1716497121275#abreadcrumb">[1]</a> 31 December 2023 German Statistical Office. </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A fortified boundary zone</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Capital: <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Capital: <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Capital: <a href="/wiki/Sigmaringen" title="Sigmaringen">Sigmaringen</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The last monarch being <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Grand_Duke_of_Baden" title="Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden">Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The last monarch being <a href="/wiki/William_II_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="William II of Württemberg">William II of Württemberg</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The last monarch being the German emperor, <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II,_German_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm II, German Emperor">William II of Prussia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Consisting of the southern part of Baden. Capital: <a href="/wiki/Freiburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Freiburg">Freiburg</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Consisting of the northern parts of Baden and Württemberg. Capital: <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Consisting of the southern part of Württemberg, and the former Prussian province of Hohenzollern. Capital: <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCbingen" title="Tübingen">Tübingen</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Innovationsindex (innovation index) is an index developed by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Statistical_Office_of_Germany" title="Federal Statistical Office of Germany">Federal Statistical Office of Germany</a> in Baden-Württemberg that features a variety of indicators for innovation in an identification number that enables a comparative assessment of the ability of innovation of 86 regions in the 27 member countries of the European Union.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Among others in Aalen, Biberach an der Riss, Esslingen, Karlsruhe, Ludwigsburg, Nürtingen, Pforzheim, Ravensburg-Weingarten, Reutlingen, several in Stuttgart, Schwäbisch Hall</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">With some exceptions, such as the Stuttgart S-Bahn, which is managed by the <a href="/wiki/Verband_Region_Stuttgart" class="mw-redirect" title="Verband Region Stuttgart">Verband Region Stuttgart</a>; services on a few minor lines managed by the local <i><a href="#Administration">Landkreise</a></i>; and formerly also services running without any state subsidies.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Connected to the Mannheim/Ludwigshafen system, and to <a href="/wiki/Viernheim" title="Viernheim">Viernheim</a> (Hesse) by metre-gauge interurbans</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_Stadtbahn" title="Karlsruhe Stadtbahn">Karlsruhe Stadtbahn</a> system, with which through-running tram-trains exist</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Through-running tram-trains (<a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_Stadtbahn" title="Karlsruhe Stadtbahn">Karlsruhe Stadtbahn</a>) connect the Karlsruhe tram system with insular tram lines in <a href="/wiki/Bad_Wildbad" title="Bad Wildbad">Bad Wildbad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linkenheim-Hochstetten" title="Linkenheim-Hochstetten">Linkenheim-Hochstetten</a> and <a href="/wiki/W%C3%B6rth_am_Rhein" title="Wörth am Rhein">Wörth am Rhein</a> (Rhineland-Palatinate).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cross-border network with <a href="/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen">Ludwigshafen</a> in Rhineland-Palatinate. Connected to the Heidelberg system, and to <a href="/wiki/Bad_D%C3%BCrkheim" title="Bad Dürkheim">Bad Dürkheim</a> (Rhineland-Palatinate) and <a href="/wiki/Viernheim" title="Viernheim">Viernheim</a> (Hesse) by metre-gauge interurbans.</span> </li> </ol></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilip_Cooke,_Kevin_Morgan1998" class="citation book cs1">Philip Cooke, Kevin Morgan (1998). <i>The Associational Economy: Firms, Regions, and Innovation</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-829659-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-829659-1"><bdi>978-0-19-829659-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Associational+Economy%3A+Firms%2C+Regions%2C+and+Innovation&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-19-829659-1&rft.au=Philip+Cooke%2C+Kevin+Morgan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABaden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Climate change in Baden-Württemberg: facts – impacts – perspectives</i> / LUBW; Baden-Württemberg, Ministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Verkehr. [In collab. with Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research; Süddeutsches Klimabüro. Transl.: InTra eG Fachübersetzergenossenschaft], Stuttgart: Baden-Württemberg Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation and Transport Karlsruhe: LUBW, 2010.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="States_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany93" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:States_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Template:States of the Federal Republic of Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:States_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Template talk:States of the Federal Republic of Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:States_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:States of the Federal Republic of Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="States_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany93" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">States of the Federal Republic of Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Baden-Württemberg</a> (since 1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a> (since 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a> (since 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a> (since 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a> (since 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a> (since 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a> (since 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a> (since 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saarland</a> (since 1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a> (since 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" title="Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a> (since 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a> (since 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a> (since 1990)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:States_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="States of Germany"><img alt="States of Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/States_of_Germany.svg/70px-States_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/States_of_Germany.svg/105px-States_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/States_of_Germany.svg/140px-States_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="592" data-file-height="801" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">City-states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> (since 1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremen_(state)" title="Bremen (state)">Bremen</a> (since 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> (since 1949)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Baden" title="South Baden">South Baden</a> (1949–1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg-Baden" title="Württemberg-Baden">Württemberg-Baden</a> (1949–1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg-Hohenzollern" title="Württemberg-Hohenzollern">Württemberg-Hohenzollern</a> (1949–1952)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="border&#124;30px&#124;Flag_of_Baden-Württemberg_Regions,_and_urban_and_rural_districts_in_the_state_of_Baden-Württemberg_in_Germany_border&#124;30px&#124;Flag_of_Germany1260" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Template:Germany districts Baden-Württemberg"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Germany_districts_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Template talk:Germany districts Baden-Württemberg"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Germany_districts_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Germany districts Baden-Württemberg"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="border&#124;30px&#124;Flag_of_Baden-Württemberg_Regions,_and_urban_and_rural_districts_in_the_state_of_Baden-Württemberg_in_Germany_border&#124;30px&#124;Flag_of_Germany1260" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Baden-Württemberg"><img alt="Flag of Baden-Württemberg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/45px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/60px-Flag_of_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> Regions, and urban and rural districts in the state of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Baden-Württemberg</a> in Germany <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Germany"><img alt="Flag of Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/60px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freiburg_(region)" title="Freiburg (region)">Freiburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_(region)" title="Karlsruhe (region)">Karlsruhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_(region)" title="Stuttgart (region)">Stuttgart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCbingen_(region)" title="Tübingen (region)">Tübingen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Urban districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baden-Baden" title="Baden-Baden">Baden-Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pforzheim" title="Pforzheim">Pforzheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rural districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alb-Donau-Kreis" title="Alb-Donau-Kreis">Alb-Donau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biberach_(district)" title="Biberach (district)">Biberach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodenseekreis" title="Bodenseekreis">Bodensee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6blingen_(district)" title="Böblingen (district)">Böblingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald" title="Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald">Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calw_(district)" title="Calw (district)">Calw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmendingen_(district)" title="Emmendingen (district)">Emmendingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzkreis" title="Enzkreis">Enz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esslingen_(district)" title="Esslingen (district)">Esslingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freudenstadt_(district)" title="Freudenstadt (district)">Freudenstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ppingen_(district)" title="Göppingen (district)">Göppingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidenheim_(district)" title="Heidenheim (district)">Heidenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn_(district)" title="Heilbronn (district)">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohenlohe_(district)" title="Hohenlohe (district)">Hohenlohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_(district)" title="Karlsruhe (district)">Karlsruhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstanz_(district)" title="Konstanz (district)">Konstanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6rrach_(district)" title="Lörrach (district)">Lörrach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwigsburg_(district)" title="Ludwigsburg (district)">Ludwigsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main-Tauber-Kreis" title="Main-Tauber-Kreis">Main-Tauber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis" title="Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis">Neckar-Odenwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortenaukreis" title="Ortenaukreis">Ortenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostalbkreis" title="Ostalbkreis">Ostalbkreis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastatt_(district)" title="Rastatt (district)">Rastatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravensburg_(district)" title="Ravensburg (district)">Ravensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rems-Murr-Kreis" title="Rems-Murr-Kreis">Rems-Murr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reutlingen_(district)" title="Reutlingen (district)">Reutlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhein-Neckar-Kreis" title="Rhein-Neckar-Kreis">Rhein-Neckar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rottweil_(district)" title="Rottweil (district)">Rottweil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Hall_(district)" title="Schwäbisch Hall (district)">Schwäbisch Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis" title="Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis">Schwarzwald-Baar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmaringen_(district)" title="Sigmaringen (district)">Sigmaringen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCbingen_(district)" title="Tübingen (district)">Tübingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuttlingen_(district)" title="Tuttlingen (district)">Tuttlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldshut_(district)" title="Waldshut (district)">Waldshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zollernalbkreis" title="Zollernalbkreis">Zollernalb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Germany" title="Districts of Germany">Districts</a> of German states</b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Germany" title="List of districts of Germany">Full list</a>) <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Template:Germany districts Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bavaria" title="Template:Germany districts Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Brandenburg" title="Template:Germany districts Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Bremen" title="Template:Germany districts Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Hesse" title="Template:Germany districts Hesse">Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Lower_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Districts_of_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Template:Districts of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="Template:Germany districts North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Template:Germany districts Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saarland" title="Template:Germany districts Saarland">Saarland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Saxony-Anhalt" title="Template:Germany districts Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Template:Germany districts Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Germany_districts_Thuringia" title="Template:Germany districts Thuringia">Thuringia</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q985#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2662" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007550295205171">Israel</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007548072905171">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/4b8c47dd-0fe2-450e-8a21-d4d739ee0e0c">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04284544?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th 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