CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Standard-gauge railway - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"63080a06-3365-4509-8762-2ee5d693650b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Standard-gauge_railway","wgTitle":"Standard-gauge railway","wgCurRevisionId":1274703352,"wgRevisionId":1274703352,"wgArticleId":28961,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from February 2015","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from February 2015","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2022","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2023","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2021","CS1: long volume value","Track gauges by size","Track gauges by name", "Standard-gauge railways"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Standard-gauge_railway","wgRelevantArticleId":28961,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1999572", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter", "jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Rail_gauge_world.svg/1200px-Rail_gauge_world.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="609"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Rail_gauge_world.svg/800px-Rail_gauge_world.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="406"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Rail_gauge_world.svg/640px-Rail_gauge_world.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="325"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Standard-gauge railway - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard-gauge_railway"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard-gauge_railway"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Standard-gauge_railway rootpage-Standard-gauge_railway skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages">Special pages</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Standard-gauge+railway" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Standard-gauge+railway" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Standard-gauge+railway" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Standard-gauge+railway" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Origins </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adoption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adoption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Adoption </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adoption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_railways_by_gauge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_railways_by_gauge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Early railways by gauge </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_railways_by_gauge-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Early railways by gauge subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Early_railways_by_gauge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Non-standard_gauge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-standard_gauge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Non-standard gauge </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-standard_gauge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Almost_standard_gauge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Almost_standard_gauge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Almost standard gauge </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Almost_standard_gauge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standard_gauge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standard_gauge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Standard gauge </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standard_gauge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Small_deviations_from_standard_gauge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Small_deviations_from_standard_gauge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Small deviations from standard gauge </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Small_deviations_from_standard_gauge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dual_gauge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dual_gauge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Dual gauge </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dual_gauge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Initially_standard_gauge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initially_standard_gauge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Initially standard gauge </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initially_standard_gauge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_almost_standard_gauge_railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_almost_standard_gauge_railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Modern almost standard gauge railways </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_almost_standard_gauge_railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Railways </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-rail_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-rail_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Non-rail use </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-rail_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Standard-gauge railway</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" > 48 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalspur" title="Normalspur – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Normalspur" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="سكة حديد قياسية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سكة حديد قياسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A5" title="আদর্শ-গেজ রেলপথ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আদর্শ-গেজ রেলপথ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ample_ferroviari_est%C3%A0ndard" title="Ample ferroviari estàndard – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ample ferroviari estàndard" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalspor" title="Normalspor – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Normalspor" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalspur" title="Normalspur – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Normalspur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardr%C3%B6%C3%B6pmeline_raudtee" title="Standardrööpmeline raudtee – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Standardrööpmeline raudtee" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancho_internacional" title="Ancho internacional – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ancho internacional" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cpuro_1435_mm" title="Ŝpuro 1435 mm – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝpuro 1435 mm" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="ریل استاندارد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریل استاندارد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voie_normale" title="Voie normale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Voie normale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Largo_internacional" title="Largo internacional – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Largo internacional" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80%EA%B6%A4" title="표준궤 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="표준궤" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C" title="मानक गेज – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मानक गेज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepur_standar" title="Sepur standar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sepur standar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geji_sanifu" title="Geji sanifu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Geji sanifu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AEvana_R%C3%AAhesin%C3%AA_ya_Standard" title="Pîvana Rêhesinê ya Standard – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pîvana Rêhesinê ya Standard" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destenduda_normala" title="Destenduda normala – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Destenduda normala" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm%C4%81lplatuma_dzelzce%C4%BC%C5%A1" title="Normālplatuma dzelzceļš – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Normālplatuma dzelzceļš" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalspuer" title="Normalspuer – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Normalspuer" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1435_mm_v%C4%97%C5%BE%C4%97" title="1435 mm vėžė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1435 mm vėžė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scartament_standard" title="Scartament standard – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Scartament standard" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm%C3%A1l_nyomt%C3%A1vols%C3%A1g" title="Normál nyomtávolság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Normál nyomtávolság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D" title="സ്റ്റാൻഡേർഡ് ഗേജ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്റ്റാൻഡേർഡ് ഗേജ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C" title="प्रमाण गेज – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="प्रमाण गेज" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolok_piawai" title="Tolok piawai – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tolok piawai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normaalspoor" title="Normaalspoor – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Normaalspoor" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%BB%8C" title="標準軌 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="標準軌" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalspor" title="Normalspor – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Normalspor" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalspor" title="Normalspor – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Normalspor" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolej_normalnotorowa" title="Kolej normalnotorowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kolej normalnotorowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitola_padr%C3%A3o" title="Bitola padrão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bitola padrão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecartament_normal" title="Ecartament normal – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ecartament normal" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Европейская колея – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Европейская колея" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_gauge" title="Standard gauge – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Standard gauge" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDeleznica_s_norm%C3%A1lnym_rozchodom" title="Železnica s normálnym rozchodom – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Železnica s normálnym rozchodom" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normaaliraideleveys" title="Normaaliraideleveys – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Normaaliraideleveys" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalsp%C3%A5r" title="Normalspår – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Normalspår" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88" title="செந்தர இரும்புப் பாதை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செந்தர இரும்புப் பாதை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%88" title="สแตนดาร์ดเกจ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สแตนดาร์ดเกจ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standart_hat_a%C3%A7%C4%B1kl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Standart hat açıklığı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Standart hat açıklığı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Європейська колія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Європейська колія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B1%DA%88_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="اسٹینڈرڈ گیج – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اسٹینڈرڈ گیج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_s%E1%BA%AFt_kh%E1%BB%95_ti%C3%AAu_chu%E1%BA%A9n" title="Đường sắt khổ tiêu chuẩn – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đường sắt khổ tiêu chuẩn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardr%C3%BC%C3%BCpegaq_raudtii" title="Standardrüüpegaq raudtii – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Standardrüüpegaq raudtii" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E8%BD%A8" title="标准轨 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="标准轨" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%BB%8C" title="標準軌 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="標準軌" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E8%BB%8C" title="標準軌 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="標準軌" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1999572#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Standard-gauge_railway" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Standard-gauge_railway" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Standard-gauge_railway">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Standard-gauge_railway">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Standard-gauge_railway" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Standard-gauge_railway" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&oldid=1274703352" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Standard-gauge_railway&id=1274703352&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FStandard-gauge_railway">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FStandard-gauge_railway">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Standard-gauge_railway&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1435_mm_track_gauge" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1999572" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Railway track gauge (1435 mm)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about railway track gauge. For loading gauges, see <a href="/wiki/Standard_loading_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard loading gauge">Standard loading gauge</a>. For gauge in toy trains, see <a href="/wiki/Standard_Gauge_(toy_trains)" title="Standard Gauge (toy trains)">Standard Gauge (toy trains)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#bebebe;"><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">Track gauge</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddd;"> By transport mode</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit_track_gauge" title="Rapid transit track gauge">Rapid transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tram_systems_by_gauge_and_electrification" title="List of tram systems by gauge and electrification">Tram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridable_miniature_railway" title="Ridable miniature railway">Miniature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_modelling_scales" title="Rail transport modelling scales">Scale model</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddd;"> By size (<a href="/wiki/List_of_track_gauges" title="List of track gauges">list</a>)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <table class="nowrap"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/File:Track_gauge.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Graphic list of track gauges"><img alt="Graphic list of track gauges" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Track_gauge.svg/240px-Track_gauge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Track_gauge.svg/360px-Track_gauge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Track_gauge.svg/480px-Track_gauge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2110" data-file-height="610" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Minimum-gauge_railway" title="Minimum-gauge railway">Minimum</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#b0b0b0;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Fifteen-inch_gauge_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifteen-inch gauge railway">Fifteen inch</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">381 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(15 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Narrow-gauge_railway" title="Narrow-gauge railway">Narrow</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:#E5C4A1;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/2_ft_and_600_mm_gauge_railways" title="2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways">600 mm</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">600 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/2_ft_and_600_mm_gauge_railways" title="2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways">Two foot</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">610 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(2 ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_2_ft_3_in_gauge_railways" title="List of 2 ft 3 in gauge railways">Two foot three inch</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">686 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(2 ft 3 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:#ff8a37;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/750_mm_gauge_railways" title="750 mm gauge railways">750 mm</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">750 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(2 ft 5+1⁄2 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bosnian-gauge_railways" title="Bosnian-gauge railways">Bosnian gauge</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">760 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(2 ft 5+15⁄16 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/2_ft_6_in_gauge_railways" title="2 ft 6 in gauge railways">Two foot six inch</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">762 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(2 ft 6 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4" style="background-color:#e1392f;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_three_foot_gauge_railways" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish three foot gauge railways">Swedish three foot</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">891 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(2 ft 11+3⁄32 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/900_mm_gauge_railways" title="900 mm gauge railways">900 mm</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">900 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(2 ft 11+7⁄16 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/3_ft_gauge_railways" title="3 ft gauge railways">Three foot</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">914 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(3 ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Narrow-gauge_railways_in_Italy#Italian_metre-gauge_lines_(950_mm)" title="Narrow-gauge railways in Italy">Italian metre</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">950 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(3 ft1+13⁄32 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#c55e8d;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Metre-gauge_railway" title="Metre-gauge railway">Metre</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,000 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#6a51b7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/3_ft_6_in_gauge_railways" title="3 ft 6 in gauge railways">Three foot six inch</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,067 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(3 ft 6 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#6a51b7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Narrow-gauge_railway#Around_4_ft_gauge" title="Narrow-gauge railway">Four foot</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,219 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(4 ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#6a51b7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/4_ft_6_in_gauge_railway" title="4 ft 6 in gauge railway">Four foot six inch</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,372 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(4 ft 6 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#6a51b7;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Modern_almost_standard_gauge_railways">1432 mm</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,432 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(4 ft 8+3⁄8 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#568dd0; width:20px;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Standard</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,435 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Broad-gauge_railway" title="Broad-gauge railway">Broad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#335c33;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_in_Italy" title="Track gauge in Italy">Italian broad gauge</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,445 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(4 ft 8+7⁄8 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Dresden" title="Trams in Dresden">Dresden gauge</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,450 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(4 ft 9+3⁄32 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#335c33;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Leipzig" title="Trams in Leipzig">Leipzig gauge</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,458 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(4 ft 9+13⁄32 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#335c33;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Toronto-gauge_railways" title="Toronto-gauge railways">Toronto gauge</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,495 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(4 ft 10+7⁄8 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#335c33;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/5_ft_and_1520_mm_gauge_railways" title="5 ft and 1520 mm gauge railways">1520 mm</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,520 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(4 ft 11+27⁄32 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/5_ft_and_1520_mm_gauge_railways" title="5 ft and 1520 mm gauge railways">Five foot</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,524 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(5 ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:#5abf56;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_in_the_United_States#Pennsylvania_trolley_gauges" title="Track gauge in the United States">Pennsylvania gauge</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,581 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(5 ft 2+1⁄4 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Pennsylvania gauge</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,588 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(5 ft 2+1⁄2 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/5_ft_3_in_gauge_railways" title="5 ft 3 in gauge railways">Five foot three inch</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,600 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(5 ft 3 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#bbdf94;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Streetcar_Museum#Streetcar_service" title="Baltimore Streetcar Museum">Baltimore gauge</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,638 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(5 ft 4+1⁄2 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#bbdf94;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Iberian-gauge_railways" title="Iberian-gauge railways">Iberian gauge</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,668 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(5 ft 5+21⁄32 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/5_ft_6_in_gauge_railway" title="5 ft 6 in gauge railway">Five foot six inch</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,676 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(5 ft 6 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#dceba3;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_in_the_United_States#Broad_gauges" title="Track gauge in the United States">Six foot</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,829 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(6 ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#dceba3;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Railway#Brunel's_7-foot_gauge_and_the_"gauge_war"" title="Great Western Railway">Brunel</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,140 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(7 ft 1⁄4 in) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#dceba3;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Breitspurbahn" title="Breitspurbahn">Breitspurbahn</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,000 mm</td> <td style="text-align:left;">(9 ft 101⁄8 in) </td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddd;"> Change of gauge</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogie_exchange" title="Bogie exchange">Bogie exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_of_gauge" title="Break of gauge">Break of gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_gauge" title="Dual gauge">Dual gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_conversion" title="Track gauge conversion">Conversion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gauge_conversions" title="List of gauge conversions">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_gauge" title="Variable gauge">Variable gauge</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddd;"> By location</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_in_North_America" title="Track gauge in North America">North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_in_South_America" title="Track gauge in South America">South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_in_Europe" title="Track gauge in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_gauge_in_Australia" title="Rail gauge in Australia">Australia</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/File:Rail_gauge_world.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="World map, rail gauge by region"><img alt="World map, rail gauge by region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Rail_gauge_world.svg/264px-Rail_gauge_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="264" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Rail_gauge_world.svg/396px-Rail_gauge_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Rail_gauge_world.svg/528px-Rail_gauge_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a></td> </tr></tbody></table> A standard-gauge railway is a <a href="/wiki/Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway">railway</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">track gauge</a> of 1,435 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 8+1⁄2 in). The standard gauge is also called Stephenson gauge (after <a href="/wiki/George_Stephenson" title="George Stephenson">George Stephenson</a>), international gauge, UIC gauge, uniform gauge, normal gauge in Europe,<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> and SGR in East Africa. It is the most widely used track gauge around the world, with about 55% of the lines in the world using it. All <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">high-speed rail</a> lines use standard gauge except <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Russia" title="High-speed rail in Russia">those in Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Finland" title="High-speed rail in Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Uzbekistan" title="High-speed rail in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, and some line sections in <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Spain" title="High-speed rail in Spain">Spain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> The distance between the inside edges of the heads of the rails is defined to be 1,435 mm except in the United States, Canada, and on some heritage British lines, where it is defined in <a href="/wiki/Imperial_and_US_customary_measurement_systems" title="Imperial and US customary measurement systems">U.S. customary</a>/<a href="/wiki/Imperial_units" title="Imperial units">customary UK units</a> as exactly "four feet eight and one half inches",<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> which is equivalent to 1,435.1 mm. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> As <a href="/wiki/Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway">railways</a> developed and expanded, one of the key issues was the <a href="/wiki/Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">track gauge</a> (the distance, or width, between the inner sides of the rail heads) to be used, as the wheels of the <a href="/wiki/Rolling_stock" title="Rolling stock">rolling stock</a> (locomotives, cars, etc.) must match this distance. Different railways used different gauges, and where track of different gauges met – a "<a href="/wiki/Break_of_gauge" title="Break of gauge">gauge break</a>" – loads had to be unloaded from one set of rail cars and reloaded onto another, a time-consuming and expensive process. The result was the adoption throughout a large part of the world of a "standard gauge" of 1,435 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 8+1⁄2 in), allowing interconnectivity and interoperability. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins">edit</a>]</div> A popular legend that has circulated since at least 1937<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> traces the origin of the 1,435 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) gauge even further back than the coalfields of northern England, pointing to the evidence of rutted roads marked by <a href="/wiki/Chariot" title="Chariot">chariot</a> wheels dating from the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Snopes" title="Snopes">Snopes</a> categorised this legend as "false", but commented that it "is perhaps more fairly labeled as 'Partly true, but for trivial and unremarkable reasons.'"<a href="#cite_note-Snopes,_Roman_chariots-11">[10]</a> The historical tendency to place the wheels of horse-drawn vehicles around 5 ft (1,524 mm) apart probably derives from the width needed to fit a <a href="/wiki/Carthorse" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthorse">carthorse</a> in between the shafts.<a href="#cite_note-Snopes,_Roman_chariots-11">[10]</a> Research, however, has been undertaken to support the hypothesis that "the origin of the standard gauge of the railway might result from an interval of wheel ruts of prehistoric ancient carriages".<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> In addition, while road-travelling vehicles are typically measured from the outermost portions of the wheel rims, it became apparent that for vehicles travelling on rails, having main <a href="/wiki/Train_wheel#Wheel_geometry_and_flange" title="Train wheel">wheel flanges</a> that fit inside the rails is better, thus the minimum distance between the wheels (and, by extension, the inside faces of the <a href="/wiki/Rail_profile" title="Rail profile">rail heads</a>) was the important one. A standard gauge for horse railways never existed, but rough groupings were used; in the north of England none was less than <a href="/wiki/Four_foot_gauge_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Four foot gauge railway">4 ft</a> (1,219 mm).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaxter196656-13">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wylam" title="Wylam">Wylam</a> colliery's system, built before 1763, was 5 ft (1,524 mm), as was <a href="/wiki/John_Blenkinsop" title="John Blenkinsop">John Blenkinsop</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Middleton_Railway" title="Middleton Railway">Middleton Railway</a>; the old 4 ft (1,219 mm) plateway was relaid to 5 ft (1,524 mm) so that Blenkinsop's engine could be used.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaxter196656-13">[12]</a> Others were 4 ft 4 in (1,321 mm) (in <a href="/wiki/Beamish,_County_Durham" title="Beamish, County Durham">Beamish</a>) or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 7+1⁄2 in (1,410 mm) (in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bigges_Main&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bigges Main (page does not exist)">Bigges Main</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Wallsend" title="Wallsend">Wallsend</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kenton,_Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Kenton, Newcastle upon Tyne">Kenton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coxlodge" title="Coxlodge">Coxlodge</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaxter196656-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> English railway pioneer <a href="/wiki/George_Stephenson" title="George Stephenson">George Stephenson</a> spent much of his early engineering career working for the coal mines of <a href="/wiki/County_Durham" title="County Durham">County Durham</a>. He favoured <a href="/wiki/4_ft_8_in_gauge_railways" title="4 ft 8 in gauge railways"> 4 ft 8 in</a> (1,422 mm) for wagonways in <a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Durham,_England" title="Durham, England">Durham</a>, and used it on his <a href="/wiki/Killingworth" title="Killingworth">Killingworth</a> line.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaxter196656-13">[12]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Hetton-le-Hole" title="Hetton-le-Hole">Hetton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Springwell_Village" title="Springwell Village">Springwell</a> wagonways also used this gauge. Stephenson's <a href="/wiki/Stockton_and_Darlington_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Stockton and Darlington railway">Stockton and Darlington railway</a> (S&DR) was built primarily to transport coal from mines near <a href="/wiki/Shildon" title="Shildon">Shildon</a> to the port at <a href="/wiki/Stockton-on-Tees" title="Stockton-on-Tees">Stockton-on-Tees</a>. Opening in 1825, the initial gauge of 4 ft 8 in (1,422 mm) was set to accommodate the existing gauge of hundreds of horse-drawn <a href="/wiki/Gondola_(rail)#Chaldrons" title="Gondola (rail)">chaldron wagons</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> that were already in use on the <a href="/wiki/Wagonway" title="Wagonway">wagonways</a> in the mines. The railway used this gauge for 15 years before a <a href="/wiki/Gauge_conversion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauge conversion">change</a> was made, debuting around 1850, to the 1,435 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) gauge.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaxter196656-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaughan1997-16">[15]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] The historic <a href="/wiki/Mount_Washington_Cog_Railway" title="Mount Washington Cog Railway">Mount Washington Cog Railway</a>, the world's first <a href="/wiki/Mount_Washington_(New_Hampshire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Washington (New Hampshire)">mountain</a>-climbing <a href="/wiki/Rack_railway" title="Rack railway">rack railway</a>, is still in operation in the 21st century, and has used the earlier 4 ft 8 in (1,422 mm) gauge since its inauguration in 1868. George Stephenson introduced the 1,435 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) gauge (including a belated extra <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄2 in (13 mm) of free movement to reduce binding on curves<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaughan199719-17">[16]</a>) for the <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway" title="Liverpool and Manchester Railway">Liverpool and Manchester Railway</a>, authorised in 1826 and opened 30 September 1830. The extra half inch was not regarded at first as very significant, and some early trains ran on both gauges daily without compromising safety.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> The success of this project led to Stephenson and his son <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stephenson" title="Robert Stephenson">Robert</a> being employed to engineer several other larger railway projects. Thus the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) gauge became widespread and dominant in Britain. Robert was reported to have said that if he had had a second chance to choose a gauge, he would have chosen one wider than <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm).<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> "I would take a few inches more, but a very few".<a href="#cite_note-Jones,_II-21">[20]</a> During the "<a href="/wiki/Gauge_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauge War">gauge war</a>" with the <a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Railway" title="Great Western Railway">Great Western Railway</a>, standard gauge was called "<a href="/wiki/Narrow-gauge_railway" title="Narrow-gauge railway">narrow gauge</a>", in contrast to the Great Western's <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><a href="/wiki/7-foot-%C2%BC-inch_gauge_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="7-foot-¼-inch gauge railway">7 ft 1⁄4 in</a> (2,140 mm) <a href="/wiki/Broad_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Broad gauge">broad gauge</a>. The modern use of the term "narrow gauge" for gauges less than standard did not arise for many years, until the first such locomotive-hauled passenger railway, the <a href="/wiki/Ffestiniog_Railway" title="Ffestiniog Railway">Ffestiniog Railway</a>, was built.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adoption">Adoption</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Adoption">edit</a>]</div> In 1845, in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_Railway_Gauges" title="Royal Commission on Railway Gauges">Royal Commission on Railway Gauges</a> reported in favour of a standard gauge. The subsequent <a href="/wiki/Regulating_the_Gauge_of_Railways_Act_1846" class="mw-redirect" title="Regulating the Gauge of Railways Act 1846">Gauge Act</a> ruled that new passenger-carrying railways in Great Britain should be built to a standard gauge of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm), and those in Ireland to a new standard gauge of <a href="/wiki/5_ft_3_in_gauge_railways" title="5 ft 3 in gauge railways">5 ft 3 in</a> (1,600 mm). In Great Britain, Stephenson's gauge was chosen on the grounds that existing lines of this gauge were eight times longer than those of the rival 7 ft or 2,134 mm (later <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">7 ft 1⁄4 in or 2,140 mm) gauge adopted principally by the Great Western Railway. It allowed the broad-gauge companies in Great Britain to continue with their tracks and expand their networks within the "Limits of Deviation" and the exceptions defined in the Act. After an intervening period of <a href="/wiki/Dual_gauge" title="Dual gauge">mixed-gauge</a> operation (tracks were laid with three rails), the Great Western Railway finally completed the <a href="/wiki/Gauge_conversion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauge conversion">conversion</a> of its network to standard gauge in 1892. In North East England, some early lines in colliery (<a href="/wiki/Coal_mining" title="Coal mining">coal mining</a>) areas were <a href="/wiki/4_ft_8_in_gauge_railways" title="4 ft 8 in gauge railways">4 ft 8 in</a> (1,422 mm), while in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> some early lines were <a href="/wiki/4_ft_6_in_gauge_railway" title="4 ft 6 in gauge railway">4 ft 6 in</a> (1,372 mm). The British gauges converged starting from 1846 as the advantages of equipment interchange became increasingly apparent. By the 1890s, the entire network was <a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_conversion" title="Track gauge conversion">converted</a> to standard gauge. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Commission">Royal Commission</a> made no comment about small lines narrower than standard gauge (to be called "narrow gauge"), such as the <a href="/wiki/Ffestiniog_Railway" title="Ffestiniog Railway">Ffestiniog Railway</a>. Thus it permitted a future multiplicity of narrow gauges in the UK. It also made no comments about future gauges in British colonies, which allowed various gauges to be adopted across the colonies. Parts of the United States, mainly in the Northeast, adopted the same gauge, because some early trains were purchased from Britain. The American gauges converged, as the advantages of equipment interchange became increasingly apparent. Notably, all the <a href="/wiki/5_ft_and_1520_mm_gauge_railways" title="5 ft and 1520 mm gauge railways">5 ft</a> (1,524 mm) <a href="/wiki/Broad_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Broad gauge">broad gauge</a> track in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a> was converted to "almost standard" gauge 4 ft 9 in (1,448 mm) over the course of two days beginning on 31 May 1886.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> See <a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_in_the_United_States" title="Track gauge in the United States">Track gauge in the United States</a>. In continental Europe, France and Belgium adopted a 1,500 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 11+1⁄16 in) gauge (measured between the midpoints of each <a href="/wiki/Rail_profile" title="Rail profile">rail's profile</a>) for their early railways.<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> The gauge between the interior edges of the rails (the measurement adopted from 1844) differed slightly between countries, and even between networks within a country (for example, 1,440 mm or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 8+11⁄16 in to 1,445 mm or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 8+7⁄8 in in France). The first tracks in Austria and in the Netherlands had other gauges (1,000 mm or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">3 ft 3+3⁄8 in in Austria for the Donau Moldau line and <a href="/wiki/De_Arend_(locomotive)" title="De Arend (locomotive)">1,945 mm</a> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">6 ft 4+9⁄16 in in the Netherlands for the <a href="/wiki/Hollandsche_IJzeren_Spoorweg-Maatschappij" title="Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorweg-Maatschappij">Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorweg-Maatschappij</a>), but for interoperability reasons (the first rail service between Paris and Berlin began in 1849, first Chaix timetable) Germany adopted standard gauges, as did most other European countries. The modern method of measuring rail gauge was agreed in the first Berne rail convention of 1886.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_railways_by_gauge">Early railways by gauge</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early railways by gauge">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-standard_gauge">Non-standard gauge</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Non-standard gauge">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Authorised</th> <th>Opened</th> <th>Gauge </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Monkland_and_Kirkintilloch_Railway" title="Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway">Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway</a></td> <td>1824</td> <td>1825</td> <td>4 ft 6 in (1,372 mm) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dundee_and_Newtyle_Railway" title="Dundee and Newtyle Railway">Dundee and Newtyle Railway</a></td> <td>1829</td> <td>1831</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 6+1⁄2 in (1,384 mm) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Counties_Railway" title="Eastern Counties Railway">Eastern Counties Railway</a></td> <td>1836, 4 July</td> <td>1839, 20 June</td> <td><a href="/wiki/5_ft_and_1520_mm_gauge_railways" title="5 ft and 1520 mm gauge railways">5 ft</a> (1,524 mm)<a href="#cite_note-Whishaw,_91-25">[24]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/London_and_Blackwall_Railway" title="London and Blackwall Railway">London and Blackwall Railway</a></td> <td>1838, 28 July</td> <td>1840</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">5 ft 1⁄2 in (1,537 mm)<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-Whishaw,_260-28">[27]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dundee_and_Arbroath_Railway" title="Dundee and Arbroath Railway">Dundee and Arbroath Railway</a></td> <td>1836, 19 May incorporated</td> <td>1838, October</td> <td><a href="/wiki/5_ft_6_in_gauge_railway" title="5 ft 6 in gauge railway">5 ft 6 in</a> (1,676 mm) Until <a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_conversion" title="Track gauge conversion">standardised</a> in 1847 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arbroath_and_Forfar_Railway" title="Arbroath and Forfar Railway">Arbroath and Forfar Railway</a></td> <td>1836, 19 May incorporated</td> <td>1838, November</td> <td>5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_and_Eastern_Railway" title="Northern and Eastern Railway">Northern and Eastern Railway</a></td> <td>1836, 4 July</td> <td>1840, 15 September</td> <td>5 ft (1,524 mm)<a href="#cite_note-Whishaw,_363-29">[28]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen_Railway" title="Aberdeen Railway">Aberdeen Railway</a></td> <td>1845</td> <td>1848</td> <td>5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) Until <a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_conversion" title="Track gauge conversion">standardised</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Railway" title="Great Western Railway">Great Western Railway</a></td> <td>1835</td> <td>1838</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">7 ft 1⁄4 in (2,140 mm) Until <a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_conversion" title="Track gauge conversion">standardised</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Railway" title="Ulster Railway">Ulster Railway</a></td> <td>1836</td> <td>1839</td> <td>6 ft 2 in (1,880 mm) Until <a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_conversion" title="Track gauge conversion">5ft 3in</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Almost_standard_gauge">Almost standard gauge</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Almost standard gauge">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/4_ft_8_in_gauge_railways" title="4 ft 8 in gauge railways">4 ft 8 in gauge railways</a></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Huddersfield_Corporation_Tramways" title="Huddersfield Corporation Tramways">Huddersfield Corporation Tramways</a>, used <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 7+3⁄4 in (1,416 mm)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Portsdown_and_Horndean_Light_Railway" title="Portsdown and Horndean Light Railway">Portsdown and Horndean Light Railway</a>, used <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 7+3⁄4 in (1,416 mm)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Corporation_Transport" title="Portsmouth Corporation Transport">Portsmouth Corporation Transport</a>, used <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 7+3⁄4 in (1,416 mm)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Killingworth_Colliery_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Killingworth Colliery railway">Killingworth colliery railway</a>, used 4 ft 8 in (1,422 mm).<a href="#cite_note-The_Rocket_Men_p33-30">[29]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hetton_colliery_railway" title="Hetton colliery railway">Hetton colliery railway</a>, opened 1822, used 4 ft 8 in (1,422 mm).<a href="#cite_note-The_Rocket_Men_p33-30">[29]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Stockton_and_Darlington_Railway" title="Stockton and Darlington Railway">Stockton and Darlington Railway</a>, authorised 1821, opened 1825, used 4 ft 8 in (1,422 mm).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_and_Carrollton_Railroad" title="New Orleans and Carrollton Railroad">New Orleans and Carrollton Railroad</a> used 4 ft 8 in (1,422 mm)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Pontchartrain_Railroad" title="Pontchartrain Railroad">Pontchartrain Railroad</a> used 4 ft 8 in (1,422 mm)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Nuremberg" title="Trams in Nuremberg">trams in Nuremberg</a> nominally used 1,432 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 8+3⁄8 in) during much of their existence, but have since been <a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_conversion" title="Track gauge conversion">converted</a> to standard gauge in name as well as fact.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Standard_gauge">Standard gauge</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Standard gauge">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Authorised</th> <th>Opened</th> <th>Remarks </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad" title="Baltimore and Ohio Railroad">Baltimore and Ohio Railroad</a></td> <td>Begun 1827</td> <td>1830</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_and_Manchester_Railway" title="Liverpool and Manchester Railway">Liverpool and Manchester Railway</a></td> <td>1824</td> <td>1830</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne%E2%80%93Lyon_railway" title="Saint-Étienne–Lyon railway">Saint-Étienne–Lyon railway</a></td> <td>1826</td> <td>1833</td> <td>All the early French railways (including Saint-Etienne Andrezieux, authorised 1823, opened 1827) had a French Gauge of 1,500 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 11+1⁄16 in) from rail axis to rail axis, compatible with early standard gauge <a href="/wiki/Engineering_tolerance" title="Engineering tolerance">tolerances</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dublin_and_Kingstown_Railway" title="Dublin and Kingstown Railway">Dublin and Kingstown Railway</a></td> <td>1831</td> <td>1834 For passenger traffic</td> <td>converted to 5 ft 3in </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_%26_Carlisle_Railway" title="Newcastle & Carlisle Railway">Newcastle & Carlisle Railway</a></td> <td>1829</td> <td>1834</td> <td>Isolated from LMR </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Junction_Railway" title="Grand Junction Railway">Grand Junction Railway</a></td> <td>1833</td> <td>1837</td> <td>Connected to LMR </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/London_and_Birmingham_Railway" title="London and Birmingham Railway">London and Birmingham Railway</a></td> <td>1833</td> <td>1838</td> <td>Connected to LMR </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Manchester_and_Birmingham_Railway" title="Manchester and Birmingham Railway">Manchester and Birmingham Railway</a></td> <td>1837</td> <td>1840</td> <td>Connected to LMR </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_and_Gloucester_Railway" title="Birmingham and Gloucester Railway">Birmingham and Gloucester Railway</a></td> <td>1836</td> <td>1840</td> <td>Connected to LMR </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/London_and_Southampton_Railway" title="London and Southampton Railway">London and Southampton Railway</a></td> <td>1834</td> <td>1840</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/London_and_Brighton_Railway" title="London and Brighton Railway">London and Brighton Railway</a></td> <td>1837</td> <td>1841</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Eastern_Railway_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Eastern Railway (UK)">South Eastern Railway</a></td> <td>1836</td> <td>1844</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Small_deviations_from_standard_gauge">Small deviations from standard gauge</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Small deviations from standard gauge">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Manchester_and_Leeds_Railway" title="Manchester and Leeds Railway">Manchester and Leeds Railway</a>, authorised on 4 July 1836, used 4 ft 9 in (1,448 mm).<a href="#cite_note-Whishaw,_319-31">[30]</a> <ul><li>The 4 ft 9 in (1,448 mm) railways were intended to take <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) gauge vehicles and allow a (second) running <a href="/wiki/Engineering_tolerance" title="Engineering tolerance">tolerance</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Chester_and_Birkenhead_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Chester and Birkenhead Railway">Chester and Birkenhead Railway</a>, authorised on 12 July 1837, used 4 ft 9 in (1,448 mm).<a href="#cite_note-Whishaw,_54-32">[31]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/London_and_Brighton_Railway" title="London and Brighton Railway">London and Brighton Railway</a>, authorised on 15 July 1837, used 4 ft 9 in (1,448 mm).<a href="#cite_note-Whishaw,_273-33">[32]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Manchester_and_Birmingham_Railway" title="Manchester and Birmingham Railway">Manchester and Birmingham Railway</a>, authorised on 30 June 1837, used 4 ft 9 in (1,448 mm).<a href="#cite_note-Whishaw,_303-34">[33]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Railroad" title="Pennsylvania Railroad">Pennsylvania Railroad</a> originally used 4 ft 9 in (1,448 mm)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Dresden" title="Trams in Dresden">trams in Dresden</a>, authorised in 1872 as <a href="/wiki/Horsecar" title="Horsecar">horsecars</a>, used 1,440 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 8+11⁄16 in) gauge vehicles. Converted to 600 V DC electric trams in 1893, they now use 1,450 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 9+3⁄32 in); both gauges are within the <a href="/wiki/Engineering_tolerance" title="Engineering tolerance">tolerance</a> for standard gauge.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_in_the_United_States#Gauge_war" title="Track gauge in the United States">Ohio gauge</a> of <a href="/wiki/Four_foot_ten_inch_gauge_railways" class="mw-redirect" title="Four foot ten inch gauge railways">4 ft 10 in</a> (1,473 mm)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dual_gauge">Dual gauge</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Dual gauge">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dual_gauge" title="Dual gauge">Dual gauge</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheltenham_and_Great_Western_Union_Railway" title="Cheltenham and Great Western Union Railway">Cheltenham and Great Western Union Railway</a>, authorised 1836, opened 1840, dual gauge 1843 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) <a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><a href="/wiki/7-foot-%C2%BC-inch_gauge_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="7-foot-¼-inch gauge railway">7 ft 1⁄4 in</a> (2,140 mm).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initially_standard_gauge">Initially standard gauge</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Initially standard gauge">edit</a>]</div> Several lines were initially built as standard gauge but were later converted to another gauge for cost or for compatibility reasons.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> became 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Railway_of_Thailand#History" title="State Railway of Thailand">Thailand</a> became 1,000 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">3 ft 3+3⁄8 in)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> became 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> became 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) – <a href="/wiki/Dublin_and_Kingstown_Railway" title="Dublin and Kingstown Railway">Dublin and Kingstown Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> became 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) – <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a> & <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a> – partly converted to 1,435 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> became 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) – initial freight lines</li> <li>some private <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> railways</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_almost_standard_gauge_railways">Modern almost standard gauge railways</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Modern almost standard gauge railways">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Transit_Commission" title="Toronto Transit Commission">Toronto Transit Commission</a> uses a <a href="/wiki/Toronto-gauge_railways" title="Toronto-gauge railways">Toronto gauge</a> of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 10+7⁄8 in (1,495 mm) on its <a href="/wiki/Toronto_streetcar_system" title="Toronto streetcar system">streetcar</a> and heavy-rail <a href="/wiki/Toronto_subway" title="Toronto subway">subway</a> lines, which was actually closer to <a href="/wiki/5_ft_and_1520_mm_gauge_railways" title="5 ft and 1520 mm gauge railways">1,520 mm</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 11+27⁄32 in) gauge. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toronto-gauge_railways#Standard-gauge_lines" title="Toronto-gauge railways">The Toronto Transit Commission</a> <a href="/wiki/Light_metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Light metro">light-metro</a> lines and <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light-rail</a> lines (whether existing, under construction or proposed) use standard gauge.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Leipzig" title="Trams in Leipzig">Trams in Leipzig</a>, Germany use 1,458 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 9+13⁄32 in).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Dresden" title="Trams in Dresden">Trams in Dresden</a>, Germany use 1,450 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 9+3⁄32 in).</li> <li>1,445 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 8+7⁄8 in) gauge is in use on several <a href="/wiki/Urban_rail_transit" title="Urban rail transit">urban rail transit</a> systems in Europe: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_in_Italy#1,445_mm_(4_ft_8_7⁄8_in)_gauge_railways" title="Track gauge in Italy">Trams in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Metro" title="Madrid Metro">Madrid Metro</a> (only metro system. <a href="/wiki/Metro_Ligero" title="Metro Ligero">Light rail system</a> uses standard gauge.)</li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/MTR" title="MTR">MTR</a> in Hong Kong uses <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Modern_almost_standard_gauge_railways">1,432 mm</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 8+3⁄8 in) gauge on lines owned by the <a href="/wiki/MTR_Corporation" title="MTR Corporation">MTR Corporation</a>. However, lines formerly operated (but which continue to be owned) by the <a href="/wiki/Kowloon-Canton_Railway_Corporation" title="Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation">Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Light_Rail_(MTR)" title="Light Rail (MTR)">Light Rail network</a>, use 1,435 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) gauge. New lines and extensions to the MTR after 2014 use 1,435 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) gauge, including the <a href="/wiki/South_Island_line" title="South Island line">South Island line</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kwun_Tong_line_extension" title="Kwun Tong line extension">Kwun Tong line extension</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Island_line" class="mw-redirect" title="West Island line">West Island line</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Metro" title="Bucharest Metro">Bucharest Metro</a> uses 1,432 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 8+3⁄8 in) gauge.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Washington_Metro" title="Washington Metro">Washington Metro</a> uses <a href="/wiki/Washington_Metro_rolling_stock" title="Washington Metro rolling stock"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 8+1⁄4 in (1,429 mm)</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1⁄4 in (6 mm) narrower than standard gauge.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Mount_Washington_Cog_Railway" title="Mount Washington Cog Railway">Mount Washington Cog Railway</a>, the world's oldest mountain-climbing <a href="/wiki/Rack_railway" title="Rack railway">rack-and-pinion railway</a>, uses a <a href="/wiki/4_ft_8_in_gauge_railways" title="4 ft 8 in gauge railways">4 ft 8 in</a> (1,422 mm) gauge.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Railways">Railways</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Railways">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country/territory </th> <th>Railway </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Albania#The_present_day_network" title="Rail transport in Albania">National rail network</a> </td> <td>677 km (421 mi)<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Algeria#The_present_day_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in Algeria">National rail network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algiers_Metro" title="Algiers Metro">Algiers Metro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algiers_tramway" title="Algiers tramway">Algiers tramway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constantine_tramway" title="Constantine tramway">Constantine tramway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oran_tramway" class="mw-redirect" title="Oran tramway">Oran tramway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oran_Metro" title="Oran Metro">Oran Metro</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td>3,973 km (2,469 mi)<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>80 km (50 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Urquiza_Railway" title="General Urquiza Railway">General Urquiza Railway</a> (except for <a href="/wiki/Ferrocarril_Econ%C3%B3mico_Correntino" title="Ferrocarril Económico Correntino">Ferrocarril Económico Correntino</a>, which used <a href="/wiki/2_ft_and_600_mm_gauge_railways" title="2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways">600 mm</a> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">1 ft 11+5⁄8 in before its closing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires_Underground" title="Buenos Aires Underground">Buenos Aires Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrotranv%C3%ADa_Mendoza" title="Metrotranvía Mendoza">Metrotranvía Mendoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tren_de_la_Costa" title="Tren de la Costa">Tren de la Costa</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td>Other major lines are mostly <a href="/wiki/5_ft_6_in_gauge_railway" title="5 ft 6 in gauge railway">1,676 mm</a> (5 ft 6 in) <a href="/wiki/Broad_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Broad gauge">broad gauge</a>, with the exception of the 1,000 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) <a href="/wiki/Metre_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Metre gauge">metre gauge</a> <a href="/wiki/General_Belgrano_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="General Belgrano Railway">General Belgrano Railway</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Argentina" title="Rail transport in Argentina">Rail transport in Argentina</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Australia </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Rail_Track_Corporation" title="Australian Rail Track Corporation">Australian Rail Track Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilbara_Railways" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilbara Railways">Pilbara Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Trains" title="Sydney Trains">Sydney Trains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Metro" title="Sydney Metro">Sydney Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_rail_in_Sydney" title="Light rail in Sydney">Sydney Light Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Light_Rail" title="Newcastle Light Rail">Newcastle Light Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parramatta_Light_Rail" title="Parramatta Light Rail">Parramatta Light Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSW_TrainLink" title="NSW TrainLink">NSW TrainLink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Melbourne" title="Trams in Melbourne">Melbourne trams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramways_revival_in_Adelaide" title="Tramways revival in Adelaide">Adelaide Metro trams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G:link" title="G:link">Gold Coast tram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_rail_in_Canberra" title="Light rail in Canberra">Canberra Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Victoria" title="Rail transport in Victoria">Victorian Trains</a> (<a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_railway_station" title="Southern Cross railway station">Melbourne</a>-<a href="/wiki/Albury_railway_station" title="Albury railway station">Albury</a> via Moonee Valley, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_railway_station" title="Southern Cross railway station">Melbourne</a>-<a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Parklands_Terminal" title="Adelaide Parklands Terminal">Adelaide</a> via Gerringhap, <a href="/wiki/Dimboola_railway_station" title="Dimboola railway station">Dimboola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rainbow,_Victoria" title="Rainbow, Victoria">Rainbow</a> Line <a href="/wiki/Yelta_railway_station" title="Yelta railway station">Yelta</a> Line, <a href="/wiki/Maryborough,_Victoria" title="Maryborough, Victoria">Maryborough</a>- <a href="/wiki/Mildura_railway_station" title="Mildura railway station">Mildura</a>) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_railway_companies" title="List of Australian railway companies">List of Australian railway companies</a></div></li></ul> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Rail_gauge_in_Australia" title="Rail gauge in Australia">Rail gauge in Australia</a></div> 2,295 km (1,426 mi) <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a> built the first railways to the <a href="/wiki/5_ft_3_in_gauge_railways" title="5 ft 3 in gauge railways">5 ft 3 in</a> (1,600 mm) Irish broad gauge. <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> then built to the standard gauge, so trains had to stop on the border and passengers transferred, which was only rectified in the 1960s. Queensland still runs on a narrow gauge but there is a standard gauge line from <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">NSW</a> to Brisbane. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Austria </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%96BB" class="mw-redirect" title="ÖBB">Österreichische Bundesbahnen</a> </td> <td>4,859 km (3,019 mi) The <a href="/wiki/Semmering_railway" title="Semmering railway">Semmering railway</a> has <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a> status. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dhaka_Metro_Rail" title="Dhaka Metro Rail">Dhaka Metro Rail</a> </td> <td>20.1 km (12.5 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Belgium </td> <td><a href="/wiki/NMBS/SNCB" class="mw-redirect" title="NMBS/SNCB">NMBS/SNCB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brussels_Metro" title="Brussels Metro">Brussels Metro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Brussels" title="Trams in Brussels">tramway</a> </td> <td>NMBS/SNCB 3,619 km (2,249 mi) <a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> Brussels Metro 40 km (25 mi) Trams in Brussels 140 km (87 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mi_Tren" title="Mi Tren">Mi Tren</a> </td> <td>42 km (26.1 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljeznice_Federacije_Bosne_i_Hercegovine" class="mw-redirect" title="Željeznice Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine">Željeznice Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljeznice_Republike_Srpske" class="mw-redirect" title="Željeznice Republike Srpske">Željeznice Republike Srpske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a> tramways</li></ul> </div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Rail transport in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Rail transport in Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></div> 1,032 km (641 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Brazil </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Estrada_de_Ferro_do_Amap%C3%A1" title="Estrada de Ferro do Amapá">Estrada de Ferro do Amapá</a>;<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> from Uruguaiana to the border with Argentina and from Santana do Livramento to the border with Uruguay (both <a href="/wiki/Dual_gauge" title="Dual gauge">mixed gauge</a> 1,435 mm and 1,000 mm or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">3 ft 3+3⁄8 in <a href="/wiki/Metre_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Metre gauge">metre gauge</a>); remaining tracks at Jaguarão, Rio Grande do Sul (currently inoperable); <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_Light_Rail" title="Rio de Janeiro Light Rail">Rio de Janeiro Light Rail</a>; <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Metro" title="São Paulo Metro">São Paulo Metro</a> lines <a href="/wiki/Line_4_(S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Metro)" title="Line 4 (São Paulo Metro)">4</a> and <a href="/wiki/Line_5_(S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Metro)" title="Line 5 (São Paulo Metro)">5</a>; <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Metro" title="Salvador Metro">Salvador Metro</a> <a href="/wiki/Baixada_Santista_Light_Rail" title="Baixada Santista Light Rail">Baixada Santista Light Rail</a> </td> <td>205.5 km (127.7 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>National Railway Infrastructure Company (NRIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_State_Railways" title="Bulgarian State Railways">Bulgarian State Railways</a> (BDZ)</li> <li>Sofia Underground<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a></li> <li>part of Sofia Tramway system<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Canada" title="Rail transport in Canada">National rail network</a> (including commuter rail operators like <a href="/wiki/GO_Transit" title="GO Transit">GO Transit</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Express" title="West Coast Express">West Coast Express</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exo_commuter_rail" title="Exo commuter rail">Exo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Union_Pearson_Express" title="Union Pearson Express">Union Pearson Express</a>). </td> <td>49,422 km (30,709 mi) The <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Transit_Commission" title="Toronto Transit Commission">Toronto Transit Commission</a> uses <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><a href="/wiki/Toronto-gauge_railways" title="Toronto-gauge railways">4 ft 10+7⁄8 in</a> (1,495 mm) gauge on its streetcar and subway lines. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_China" title="Rail transport in China">National rail network</a> </td> <td>103,144 km (64,091 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santiago_Metro" title="Santiago Metro">Santiago Metro</a> </td> <td>140.8 km (87 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hrvatske_%C5%BEeljeznice" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrvatske željeznice">Hrvatske željeznice</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Croatia" title="Transport in Croatia">Transport in Croatia</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metro_de_Medell%C3%ADn" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro de Medellín">Metro de Medellín</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tren_del_Cerrej%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tren del Cerrejón (page does not exist)">Tren del Cerrejón</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1_Metro" title="Bogotá Metro">Metro de Bogotá</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrocarriles_de_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrocarriles de Cuba">Ferrocarriles de Cuba</a> </td> <td>4,266 km (2,651 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A1va_%C5%BEeleznic" title="Správa železnic">Správa železnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_Metro" title="Prague Metro">Prague Metro</a></li> <li>all <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">tram</a> systems in the country (<a href="/wiki/Liberec" title="Liberec">Liberec</a> has dual gauge 1,000/1,435 mm, with one metre-gauge only for heritage rolling stock on a small part of the network)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funicular" title="Funicular">funicular</a> in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td>9,478 km (5,889 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Denmark </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Banedanmark" title="Banedanmark">Banedanmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_Metro" title="Copenhagen Metro">Copenhagen Metro</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa-Djibouti_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway">Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway</a> </td> <td>100 km (62 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_National_Railways" title="Egyptian National Railways">Egyptian National Railways</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rail_Baltica" title="Rail Baltica">Rail Baltica</a> </td> <td>Standard-gauge Rail Baltica railway is under construction and is scheduled to be completed by 2026. Cost studies have been undertaken for a potential overhaul of entire rail network to standard gauge.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa-Djibouti_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway">Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway</a>; <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa_Light_Rail" title="Addis Ababa Light Rail">Addis Ababa Light Rail</a> </td> <td>659 km (409 mi) <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Ethiopia" title="Rail transport in Ethiopia">Other standard gauge lines</a> under construction. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Finland </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tampere_tram" class="mw-redirect" title="Tampere tram">Tampere tram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki%E2%80%93Tallinn_Tunnel" title="Helsinki–Tallinn Tunnel">Helsinki–Tallinn Tunnel</a> (planned)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_Baltica" title="Rail Baltica">Rail Baltica</a> (planned)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SNCF" title="SNCF">SNCF</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gie_Autonome_des_Transports_Parisiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens">RATP</a> (on RER lines) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gabon </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trans-Gabon_Railway" title="Trans-Gabon Railway">Trans-Gabon Railway</a> </td> <td>669 km (416 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bahn" title="Deutsche Bahn">Deutsche Bahn</a>, numerous local public transport providers </td> <td>43,468 km (27,010 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Railway" title="Georgian Railway">Georgian Railway</a> 1,435 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) <a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a> constructed between <a href="/wiki/Akhalkalaki" title="Akhalkalaki">Akhalkalaki</a> to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karstakhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karstakhi (page does not exist)">Karstakhi</a> for <a href="/wiki/Baku-Tbilisi-Kars_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Baku-Tbilisi-Kars Railway">Baku-Tbilisi-Kars Railway</a> </td> <td>26.142 km (16.244 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tema-Mpakadan_Railway_Line" title="Tema-Mpakadan Railway Line">Tema-Mpakadan Railway Line</a> Takoradi to Sekondi Route, is currently operated by the <a href="/wiki/Ghana_Railway_Company_Limited" title="Ghana Railway Company Limited">Ghana Railway Company Limited</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kojokrom-Sekondi_Railway_Line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kojokrom-Sekondi Railway Line (page does not exist)">Kojokrom-Sekondi Railway Line</a> (The Kojokrom-Sekondi line is a <a href="/wiki/Branch_line" title="Branch line">branch line</a> that joins the <a href="/wiki/Western_Railway_Line,_Ghana" title="Western Railway Line, Ghana">Western Railway Line</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kojokrom" title="Kojokrom">Kojokrom</a>) </td> <td>New and extended SGR are being built, with some dual gauge. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Railways_Organisation" title="Hellenic Railways Organisation">Hellenic Railways Organisation</a> (operated by <a href="/wiki/TrainOSE" class="mw-redirect" title="TrainOSE">TrainOSE</a>) </td> <td>All modern Greek networks, except in the Peloponnese </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 km (0.62 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/MTR" title="MTR">MTR</a> (former <a href="/wiki/Kowloon%E2%80%93Canton_Railway" title="Kowloon–Canton Railway">KCR</a> network – <a href="/wiki/East_Rail_line" title="East Rail line">East Rail line</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuen_Ma_line" title="Tuen Ma line">Tuen Ma line</a>, <a href="/wiki/Light_Rail_(MTR)" title="Light Rail (MTR)">Light Rail</a>) </td> <td>Other MTR lines use 1,432 mm (4 ft <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">8+3⁄8 in) instead of 4 ft <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">8+1⁄2 in<a href="#cite_note-HK-43">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hungary </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_State_Railways" title="Hungarian State Railways">MÁV</a>, <a href="/wiki/GySEV" class="mw-redirect" title="GySEV">GySEV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Metro" title="Budapest Metro">Budapest Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BH%C3%89V" title="BHÉV">HÉV</a> (suburban railway)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">Tram</a> systems in <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Debrecen" title="Debrecen">Debrecen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miskolc" title="Miskolc">Miskolc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Szeged" title="Szeged">Szeged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Cog-wheel_Railway" title="Budapest Cog-wheel Railway">Budapest Cog-wheel Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Castle_Hill_Funicular" title="Budapest Castle Hill Funicular">Budapest Castle Hill Funicular</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>Only used for rapid transit and tram, <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Metro">Bangalore Metro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chennai_Metro" title="Chennai Metro">Chennai Metro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Metro" title="Delhi Metro">Delhi Metro</a> (Phase 2 onwards), <a href="/wiki/Rapid_Metro_Gurgaon" title="Rapid Metro Gurgaon">Rapid Metro Gurgaon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_Metro" title="Hyderabad Metro">Hyderabad Metro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaipur_Metro" title="Jaipur Metro">Jaipur Metro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kochi_Metro" title="Kochi Metro">Kochi Metro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolkata_Metro" title="Kolkata Metro">Kolkata Metro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Kolkata_Metro)" title="Green Line (Kolkata Metro)">Green Line</a>), <a href="/wiki/Lucknow_Metro" title="Lucknow Metro">Lucknow Metro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metro" title="Mumbai Metro">Mumbai Metro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nagpur_Metro" title="Nagpur Metro">Nagpur Metro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navi_Mumbai_Metro" title="Navi Mumbai Metro">Navi Mumbai Metro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pune_Metro" title="Pune Metro">Pune Metro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Kolkata" title="Trams in Kolkata">Trams in Kolkata</a>. The under-construction <a href="/wiki/Mumbai%E2%80%93Ahmedabad_high-speed_rail_corridor" title="Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor">Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor</a> based on the <a href="/wiki/Shinkansen" title="Shinkansen">Shinkansen</a> also uses standard gauge. All under-construction and future rapid transit systems would be in standard gauge.<a href="/wiki/Delhi%E2%80%93Meerut_Regional_Rapid_Transit_System" title="Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System">Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System</a> </td> <td>128,305 km (79,725 mi) Indian nationwide rail system (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Railways" title="Indian Railways">Indian Railways</a>) uses <a href="/wiki/5_ft_6_in_gauge_railway" title="5 ft 6 in gauge railway">1,676 mm</a> (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge. 96% of the broad gauge network is electrified. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cut_Meutia_(train)" title="Cut Meutia (train)">Aceh rail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bali_MRT" title="Bali MRT">Bali MRT</a> (under construction), <a href="/wiki/Jakarta_LRT" title="Jakarta LRT">Jakarta LRT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jabodebek_LRT" title="Jabodebek LRT">Jabodebek LRT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trans-Sulawesi_Railway" title="Trans-Sulawesi Railway">Trans-Sulawesi Railway</a> (Makassar-Parepare section), <a href="/wiki/Jakarta_MRT" title="Jakarta MRT">Jakarta MRT West-east line</a> (planned), and <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Indonesia" title="High-speed rail in Indonesia">Jakarta-Bandung high speed</a> networks </td> <td>The very first railway line in Indonesia which connects <a href="/wiki/Semarang" title="Semarang">Semarang</a> to Tanggung, which later extended to <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta_railway_station" title="Yogyakarta railway station">Yogyakarta</a> was laid to standard gauge.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> Opened in 1867, it was mostly regauged to 1,067mm/3ft6in during <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Japanese occupation</a> in 1943, while a short line in Semarang Harbor soldiered on until 1945.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> Standard gauge railway lines made a return in 2014 on experimental railway line in Aceh. The railway tracks of Java and Sumatra use <a href="/wiki/3_ft_6_in_gauge_railways" title="3 ft 6 in gauge railways">1,067 mm</a> (3 ft 6 in). </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Railways" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Railways">Islamic Republic of Iran Railways</a> </td> <td>12,998 km (8,077 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Republic_Railways" title="Iraqi Republic Railways">Iraqi Republic Railways</a> </td> <td>485 km (301 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ireland </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Transport_Infrastructure_Ireland" title="Transport Infrastructure Ireland">Transport Infrastructure Ireland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luas" title="Luas">Luas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Railways" title="Israel Railways">Israel Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Light_Rail" title="Jerusalem Light Rail">Jerusalem Light Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Light_Rail" title="Tel Aviv Light Rail">Tel Aviv Light Rail</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrovie_dello_Stato" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrovie dello Stato">Ferrovie dello Stato</a> </td> <td>16,723 km (10,391 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shinkansen" title="Shinkansen">Shinkansen</a>, <a href="/wiki/JR_Hokkaido" class="mw-redirect" title="JR Hokkaido">JR Hokkaido</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naebo_Works&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naebo Works (page does not exist)">Naebo Works</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Train_on_Train" title="Train on Train">Train on Train</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sendai_Subway" title="Sendai Subway">Sendai Subway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sendai_Subway_Tozai_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Sendai Subway Tozai Line">Tozai Line</a>), <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Metro" title="Tokyo Metro">Tokyo Metro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ginza_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Ginza Line">Ginza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marunouchi_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Marunouchi Line">Marunouchi</a> lines), <a href="/wiki/Toei_Subway" title="Toei Subway">Toei Subway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Asakusa_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Asakusa Line">Asakusa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oedo_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Oedo Line">Oedo</a> lines), <a href="/wiki/Yokohama_Municipal_Subway" title="Yokohama Municipal Subway">Yokohama Municipal Subway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yokohama_Municipal_Subway_Blue_Line" title="Yokohama Municipal Subway Blue Line">Blue</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yokohama_Municipal_Subway_Green_Line" title="Yokohama Municipal Subway Green Line">Green</a> lines), <a href="/wiki/Nagoya_Municipal_Subway" title="Nagoya Municipal Subway">Nagoya Municipal Subway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Higashiyama_Line" title="Higashiyama Line">Higashiyama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meij%C5%8D_Line" title="Meijō Line">Meijō</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Meik%C5%8D_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Meikō Line">Meikō</a> lines), <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Municipal_Subway" title="Kyoto Municipal Subway">Kyoto Municipal Subway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osaka_Metro" title="Osaka Metro">Osaka Metro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kobe_Municipal_Subway" title="Kobe Municipal Subway">Kobe Municipal Subway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fukuoka_City_Subway" title="Fukuoka City Subway">Fukuoka City Subway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nanakuma_Line" title="Nanakuma Line">Nanakuma Line</a>), <a href="/wiki/Keisei_Electric_Railway" title="Keisei Electric Railway">Keisei Electric Railway</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Hokus%C5%8D_Line" title="Hokusō Line">Hokusō</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shin-Keisei_Line" title="Shin-Keisei Line">Shin-Keisei</a> lines), <a href="/wiki/Keikyu" title="Keikyu">Keikyu Line</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kintetsu_Railway" title="Kintetsu Railway">Kintetsu Railway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kintetsu_Osaka_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Kintetsu Osaka Line">Osaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kintetsu_Nara_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Kintetsu Nara Line">Nara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kintetsu_Nagoya_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Kintetsu Nagoya Line">Nagoya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kintetsu_Yamada_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Kintetsu Yamada Line">Yamada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kintetsu_Kyoto_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Kintetsu Kyoto Line">Kyoto</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kintetsu_Keihanna_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Kintetsu Keihanna Line">Keihanna</a> lines and their associated branches), <a href="/wiki/Keihan_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Keihan Railway">Keihan Railway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hankyu_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Hankyu Railway">Hankyu Railway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kita-Osaka_Kyuko_Railway" title="Kita-Osaka Kyuko Railway">Kita-Osaka Kyuko Railway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nose_Electric_Railway" title="Nose Electric Railway">Nose Electric Railway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hanshin_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanshin Railway">Hanshin Railway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanyo_Electric_Railway" title="Sanyo Electric Railway">Sanyo Electric Railway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Takamatsu-Kotohira_Electric_Railroad" title="Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad">Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nishi-Nippon_Railroad" title="Nishi-Nippon Railroad">Nishi-Nippon Railroad</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nishitetsu_Tenjin_%C5%8Cmuta_Line" title="Nishitetsu Tenjin Ōmuta Line">Tenjin Ōmuta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dazaifu_Line" title="Dazaifu Line">Dazaifu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nishitetsu_Amagi_Line" title="Nishitetsu Amagi Line">Amagi</a> lines) </td> <td>4,251 km (2,641 mi), all electrified </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mombasa-Nairobi_Standard_Gauge_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Mombasa-Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway">Mombasa-Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway</a> </td> <td>485 km (301 mi) Inaugurated 31 May 2017. An extension from <a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a> to <a href="/wiki/Naivasha" title="Naivasha">Naivasha</a> is under construction. A further extension east to the <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Ugandan</a> border is planned. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trainkos" title="Trainkos">Trainkos</a> </td> <td>437 km (272 mi)<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boten%E2%80%93Vientiane_railway" title="Boten–Vientiane railway">Boten–Vientiane railway</a> </td> <td>414 km (257 mi), Formally opened on 3 December 2021. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rail_Baltica" title="Rail Baltica">Rail Baltica</a> </td> <td>Standard-gauge Rail Baltica railway is under construction and is scheduled to be completed by 2026. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>All lines out of service and essentially dismantled </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> </td> <td>Network under construction </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rail_Baltica" title="Rail Baltica">Rail Baltica</a> </td> <td>First phase, from <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a> to the Polish border, completed in 2015. The second phase, from Kaunas north to Tallinn and from Kaunas to Vilnius, is in the design and construction phase and scheduled to be completed by 2026. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_Nationale_des_Chemins_de_Fer_Luxembourgeois" title="Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois">Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer Luxembourgeois</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RapidKL" class="mw-redirect" title="RapidKL">RapidKL</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ampang_and_Sri_Petaling_lines" title="Ampang and Sri Petaling lines"><span style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; position: relative; border-radius: 3.3px; height: 20px; width: 22px; line-height: 100%; background: #FE8E10; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 5px;"><span style="position: absolute; top: 6.67px; left: 2px; border: 1.67px solid white; border-radius: 10%; height: 8.33px; width: 15px; color: black; background: white; text-align: center; line-height: 8.89px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 11.11px;">3</a> <a href="/wiki/Ampang_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Ampang Line">Ampang Line</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ampang_and_Sri_Petaling_lines" title="Ampang and Sri Petaling lines"><span style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; position: relative; border-radius: 3.3px; height: 20px; width: 22px; line-height: 100%; background: #721422; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 5px;"><span style="position: absolute; top: 6.67px; left: 2px; border: 1.67px solid white; border-radius: 10%; height: 8.33px; width: 15px; color: black; background: white; text-align: center; line-height: 8.89px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 11.11px;">4</a> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Petaling_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Petaling Line">Sri Petaling Line</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kelana_Jaya_line" title="Kelana Jaya line"><span style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; position: relative; border-radius: 3.3px; height: 20px; width: 22px; line-height: 100%; background: #E0115F; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 5px;"><span style="position: absolute; top: 6.67px; left: 2px; border: 1.67px solid white; border-radius: 10%; height: 8.33px; width: 15px; color: black; background: white; text-align: center; line-height: 8.89px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 11.11px;">5</a> <a href="/wiki/Kelana_Jaya_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelana Jaya Line">Kelana Jaya Line</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kajang_line" title="Kajang line"><span style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; position: relative; border-radius: 3.3px; height: 20px; width: 22px; line-height: 100%; background: #11753A; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 5px;"><span style="position: absolute; top: 6.67px; left: 2px; border: 1.67px solid white; border-radius: 10%; height: 8.33px; width: 15px; color: black; background: white; text-align: center; line-height: 8.89px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 11.11px;">9</a> <a href="/wiki/Kajang_line" title="Kajang line">MRT Kajang Line</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shah_Alam_line" title="Shah Alam line"><span style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; position: relative; border-radius: 3.3px; height: 20px; width: 22px; line-height: 100%; background: #59B8E6; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 5px;"><span style="position: absolute; top: 6.67px; left: 2px; border: 1.67px solid white; border-radius: 10%; height: 8.33px; width: 15px; color: black; background: white; text-align: center; line-height: 8.89px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 11.11px; font-style: italic;">11</a> <a href="/wiki/Shah_Alam_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Alam Line">Shah Alam Line</a>, <a href="/wiki/Putrajaya_line" title="Putrajaya line"><span style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; position: relative; border-radius: 3.3px; height: 20px; width: 22px; line-height: 100%; background: #FACA05; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 5px;"><span style="position: absolute; top: 6.67px; left: 2px; border: 1.67px solid white; border-radius: 10%; height: 8.33px; width: 15px; color: black; background: white; text-align: center; line-height: 8.89px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 11.11px;">12</a> <a href="/wiki/MRT_Putrajaya_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="MRT Putrajaya Line">MRT Putrajaya Line</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Express_Rail_Link" title="Express Rail Link">Express Rail Link</a> (<a href="/wiki/KLIA_Ekspres" title="KLIA Ekspres"><span style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; position: relative; border-radius: 3.3px; height: 20px; width: 22px; line-height: 100%; background: #8C238F; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 5px;"><span style="position: absolute; top: 6.67px; left: 2px; border: 1.67px solid white; border-radius: 10%; height: 8.33px; width: 15px; color: black; background: white; text-align: center; line-height: 8.89px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 11.11px;">6</a> <a href="/wiki/KLIA_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="KLIA Express">KLIA Express</a> and <a href="/wiki/KLIA_Transit" title="KLIA Transit"><span style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; position: relative; border-radius: 3.3px; height: 20px; width: 22px; line-height: 100%; background: #33A8B5; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 5px;"><span style="position: absolute; top: 6.67px; left: 2px; border: 1.67px solid white; border-radius: 10%; height: 8.33px; width: 15px; color: black; background: white; text-align: center; line-height: 8.89px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 11.11px;">7</a> <a href="/wiki/KLIA_Transit" title="KLIA Transit">KLIA Transit</a>)</li> <li> <a href="/wiki/MRL_East_Coast_Rail_Link" title="MRL East Coast Rail Link">ECR</a>  <a href="/wiki/MRL_East_Coast_Rail_Link" title="MRL East Coast Rail Link">MRL East Coast Rail Link</a> (under construction)</li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur-Singapore_High_Speed_Rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuala Lumpur-Singapore High Speed Rail">HSR</a>  <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur%E2%80%93Singapore_High_Speed_Rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuala Lumpur–Singapore High Speed Rail">Kuala Lumpur–Singapore High Speed Rail</a> (planned)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td>998 km (620 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mexico<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mexican_railroads" title="List of Mexican railroads">List of Mexican railroads</a></div> </td> <td>24,740 km (15,370 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljeznice_Crne_Gore" class="mw-redirect" title="Željeznice Crne Gore">Željeznice Crne Gore</a> </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Morocco" title="Rail transport in Morocco">Rail transport in Morocco</a> </td> <td>2,067 km (1,284 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Railways" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepal Railways">Nepal Railways</a> (all tracks except cross-border tracks with India are standard gauge) </td> <td>Under-construction </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen">Nederlandse Spoorwegen</a> and regional railways. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lagos%E2%80%93Kano_Standard_Gauge_Railway" title="Lagos–Kano Standard Gauge Railway">Lagos–Kano Standard Gauge Railway</a>; <a href="/wiki/Lagos_Rail_Mass_Transit" title="Lagos Rail Mass Transit">Lagos Rail Mass Transit</a> </td> <td>Under construction; Abuja to Kaduna section operational. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_North_Korea#Railways" title="Rail transport in North Korea">Railways of the DPRK</a>. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Railways" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian Railways">Macedonian Railways</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Norway </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_National_Rail_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian National Rail Administration">Norwegian National Rail Administration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Norway" title="Rail transport in Norway">Rail transport in Norway</a> </td> <td>4,087 km (2,540 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </td> <td>To be used only for the rapid transit system, <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Metro" title="Lahore Metro">Lahore Metro</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> </td> <td>Pakistan's nationwide rail system (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Railways" title="Pakistan Railways">Pakistan Railways</a>) uses <a href="/wiki/5_ft_6_in_gauge_railway" title="5 ft 6 in gauge railway">1,676 mm</a> (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge. Any future additions to this system would also be in broad gauge. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Panama_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Panama Railway">Panama Railway</a>; <a href="/wiki/Panama_Metro" title="Panama Metro">Panama Metro</a> </td> <td>Regauged from 5 ft (1,524 mm) in 2001 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> </td> <td>Ferrocarril Presidente Don Carlos Antonio López, now <a href="/wiki/Ferrocarril_de_Paraguay_S.A." class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrocarril de Paraguay S.A.">Ferrocarril de Paraguay S.A.</a> (FEPASA) </td> <td>36 km out of Asunción (used as a tourist steam line), plus 5 km from Encarnación to the border with Argentina, carrying mainly exported soy; the rest of the 441-km line awaits its fate, while redevelopment plans come and go with regularity. The section from west of Encarnación to north of San Salvador, plus the entire San Salvador–Abaí branch, have been dismantled by the railway itself and sold for scrap to raise funds. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ferrocarril_Huancayo_%E2%80%93_Huancavelica" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrocarril Huancayo – Huancavelica">Railway Development Corporation</a>,<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> Ferrocarril Central Andino (Callao–Lima–La Oroya–Huancayo and La Oroya–Cerro del Pasco lines), <a href="/wiki/Ferrocarril_del_sur_de_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrocarril del sur de Peru">Ferrocarril del sur de Peru</a> (operated by Peru Rail) Matarani–<a href="/wiki/Arequipa" title="Arequipa">Arequipa</a>–<a href="/wiki/Puno" title="Puno">Puno</a> and Puno–Cuzco, Ilo–Moquegua mining railway, Tacna–Arica (Chile) international line, (operated by Tacna Province), Lima electric suburban railway </td> <td>1,603 km (996 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> </td> <td>Operational: <a href="/wiki/LRT_Line_1_(Metro_Manila)" title="LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)">LRT 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/LRT_Line_2" class="mw-redirect" title="LRT Line 2">LRT 2</a>, and <a href="/wiki/MRT_Line_3_(Metro_Manila)" title="MRT Line 3 (Metro Manila)">MRT 3</a>. Under construction: <a href="/wiki/MRT_Line_7" class="mw-redirect" title="MRT Line 7">MRT 7</a>, <a href="/wiki/MRT_Line_4_(Metro_Manila)" title="MRT Line 4 (Metro Manila)">MRT 4</a>, <a href="/wiki/LRT_Line_1_(Metro_Manila)" title="LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)">LRT 1 South/Cavite Extension</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila_Subway" title="Metro Manila Subway">MMS</a>, <a href="/wiki/PNR_South_Long_Haul" title="PNR South Long Haul">PNR SLH</a>, <a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_Commuter_Railway" title="North–South Commuter Railway">PNR NSCR</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mindanao_Railway" title="Mindanao Railway">Mindanao Railway Phase 1</a>. All current as of March 2022. </td> <td>54.15 km (33.65 mi) operational, 899.6 km (559.0 mi) under construction, all electrified as of March 2022. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Philippine_National_Railways" title="Philippine National Railways">Philippine National Railways</a> network, future LRT and MRT Lines (proposed) </td> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 4,600 km (2,900 mi), 1,159 km (720 mi) will be electrified.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[b]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Poland </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish_State_Railways" title="Polish State Railways">Polskie Koleje Państwowe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Metro" title="Warsaw Metro">Warsaw Metro</a>, most <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">tramway</a> systems throughout the country </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Portugal </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Braga" title="Braga">Braga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oporto" class="mw-redirect" title="Oporto">Oporto</a> (Guindais) <a href="/wiki/Funicular" title="Funicular">funiculars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Metro" title="Lisbon Metro">Lisbon Metro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metro_do_Porto" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro do Porto">Oporto Metro</a> (partly adapted from former 1,000 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) <a href="/wiki/Metre_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Metre gauge">metre gauge</a>; tracks), <a href="/wiki/Metro_Transportes_do_Sul" title="Metro Transportes do Sul">Metro Transportes do Sul</a> <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a> in <a href="/wiki/Almada" title="Almada">Almada</a>. </td> <td>All other railways use <a href="/wiki/Iberian_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberian gauge">1,668 mm</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">5 ft 5+21⁄32 in) (<a href="/wiki/Broad_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Broad gauge">broad gauge</a>); some use 1,000 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) <a href="/wiki/Metre_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Metre gauge">metre gauge</a>; <a href="/wiki/Decauville" title="Decauville">Decauville</a> uses <a href="/wiki/500_mm_gauge_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="500 mm gauge railway">500 mm</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">19+3⁄4 in) gauge. Planned and under construction high-speed railways to use <a href="/wiki/Iberian_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberian gauge">1,668 mm</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">5 ft 5+21⁄32 in) to maintain interoperability with the rest of the network. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%C4%83ile_Ferate_Rom%C3%A2ne" title="Căile Ferate Române">Căile Ferate Române</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Metro" title="Bucharest Metro">Bucharest Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">Tram</a> systems in <a href="/wiki/Boto%C8%99ani" title="Botoșani">Botoșani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Br%C4%83ila" title="Brăila">Brăila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cluj-Napoca" title="Cluj-Napoca">Cluj-Napoca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craiova" title="Craiova">Craiova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gala%C8%9Bi" title="Galați">Galați</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ploie%C8%99ti" title="Ploiești">Ploiești</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara">Timișoara</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a> tramway, lines connecting <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a> with Poland </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rwanda </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isaka%E2%80%93Kigali_Standard_Gauge_Railway" title="Isaka–Kigali Standard Gauge Railway">Isaka–Kigali Standard Gauge Railway</a> </td> <td>150 km (93 mi) New railway between <a href="/wiki/Kigali" title="Kigali">Kigali</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzanian</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Isaka" title="Isaka">Isaka</a> is planned. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Rail transport in Saudi Arabia">Rail transport in Saudi Arabia</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Train_Express_Regional_Dakar-AIBD" title="Train Express Regional Dakar-AIBD">Train Express Regional Dakar-AIBD</a></li> <li>Senegal–Gambia Railway (planned)</li> <li>Senegal–Guinea Bissau Railway (planned)</li></ul> </div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Railways" title="Serbian Railways">Serbian Railways</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mass_Rapid_Transit_(Singapore)" title="Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)">Mass Rapid Transit</a> </td> <td>203 km (126 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeleznice_Slovenskej_republiky" class="mw-redirect" title="Železnice Slovenskej republiky">Železnice Slovenskej republiky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_Transport_in_Ko%C5%A1ice#Trams" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Transport in Košice">Košice tramway</a> system </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovenske_%C5%BEeleznice" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenske železnice">Slovenske železnice</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gautrain" title="Gautrain">Gautrain</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gauteng_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauteng Province">Gauteng Province</a>. Rest of country uses <a href="/wiki/3_ft_6_in_gauge_railways" title="3 ft 6 in gauge railways">1,067 mm</a> (3 ft 6 in) </td> <td>80 km (50 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Korea_Rail_Network_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Korea Rail Network Authority">KRNA</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spain </td> <td><a href="/wiki/AVE" title="AVE">AVE</a> <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">high-speed rail</a> lines from Madrid to Seville, Málaga, Alicante, Saragossa, Barcelona (-Perthus), Orense, Toledo, Huesca, León and Valladolid, <a href="/wiki/Barcelona_Metro" title="Barcelona Metro">Barcelona Metro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barcelona_metro_line_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona metro line 2">L2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barcelona_metro_line_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona metro line 3">L3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barcelona_metro_line_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona metro line 4">L4</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Barcelona_metro_line_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona metro line 5">L5</a> lines), Barcelona FGC (<a href="/wiki/List_of_FGC_lines" class="mw-redirect" title="List of FGC lines">lines</a> <a href="/wiki/Barcelona_metro_line_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona metro line 6">L6</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barcelona_metro_line_7" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona metro line 7">L7</a>), and Metro Vallès (lines <a href="/wiki/FGC_line_S1" class="mw-redirect" title="FGC line S1">S1</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGC_line_S2" class="mw-redirect" title="FGC line S2">S2</a>, <a href="/wiki/FGC_line_S5" class="mw-redirect" title="FGC line S5">S5</a>, and <a href="/wiki/FGC_line_S55" class="mw-redirect" title="FGC line S55">S55</a>) All other railways use <a href="/wiki/Iberian_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberian gauge">1,668 mm</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">5 ft 5+21⁄32 in) (<a href="/wiki/Broad_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Broad gauge">broad gauge</a>) and/or 1,000 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) <a href="/wiki/Metre_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Metre gauge">metre gauge</a>. </td> <td>3,622 km (2,251 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sweden </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Transport_Administration" title="Swedish Transport Administration">Swedish Transport Administration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Storstockholms_Lokaltrafik" title="Storstockholms Lokaltrafik">Storstockholms Lokaltrafik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stockholm_metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Stockholm metro">Stockholm metro</a>, commuter and <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Stockholm" title="Trams in Stockholm">light rail lines</a>), tram networks in <a href="/wiki/Gothenburg_tram_network" title="Gothenburg tram network">Gothenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lund_tramway" title="Lund tramway">Lund</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Norrk%C3%B6ping" title="Trams in Norrköping">Norrköping</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Switzerland </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Railways" title="Swiss Federal Railways">Swiss Federal Railways</a>, <a href="/wiki/BLS_AG" title="BLS AG">BLS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rigi_Railways" title="Rigi Railways">Rigi Railways</a> (rack railway) </td> <td>SFR 3,134 km in standard gauge and 98 km metre gauge<a href="#cite_note-infra-62">[60]</a> 449 km[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chemins_de_Fer_Syriens" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemins de Fer Syriens">Chemins de Fer Syriens</a> </td> <td>2,052 km (1,275 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_High_Speed_Rail" title="Taiwan High Speed Rail">Taiwan High Speed Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taipei_Rapid_Transit_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taipei Rapid Transit System">Taipei Rapid Transit System</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung_Mass_Rapid_Transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit">Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoyuan_Airport_MRT" title="Taoyuan Airport MRT">Taoyuan Airport MRT</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taichung_Metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Taichung Metro">Taichung Metro</a></li> <li>Kaohsiung <a href="/wiki/Circular_light_rail" title="Circular light rail">Circular light rail</a> and <a href="/wiki/Danhai_light_rail" title="Danhai light rail">Danhai light rail</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td>604.64 km (376 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Standard_Gauge_Railway" title="Tanzania Standard Gauge Railway">Tanzania Standard Gauge Railway</a> </td> <td>300 km (186 mi) line from Dar es Salaam to Morogoro has been completed in April 2022 currently in live testing phase.<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> Contract awarded in 2019 for a 422 km (262 mi) extension from Morogoro to Makutupora. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BTS_Skytrain" title="BTS Skytrain">BTS Skytrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/MRT_(Bangkok)" title="MRT (Bangkok)">MRT</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Suvarnabhumi_Airport_Link" class="mw-redirect" title="Suvarnabhumi Airport Link">Suvarnabhumi Airport Link</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/State_Railway_of_Thailand" title="State Railway of Thailand">State Railway of Thailand</a> uses <a href="/wiki/Metre_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Metre gauge">1,000 mm</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">3 ft 3+3⁄8 in).</li></ul> </div> </td> <td>80 km (50 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> </td> <td>Northern part of the network </td> <td>471 km (293 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turkey </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkish_State_Railways" title="Turkish State Railways">Turkish State Railways</a> (also operates <a href="/wiki/Marmaray" title="Marmaray">Marmaray</a>), metro networks, and tram networks </td> <td>Some tram networks use 1,000 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) <a href="/wiki/Metre_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Metre gauge">metre gauge</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Turkey" title="Rail transport in Turkey">Rail transport in Turkey</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Standard_Gauge_Railway" title="Uganda Standard Gauge Railway">Uganda Standard Gauge Railway</a> </td> <td>Railway line from <a href="/wiki/Kampala" title="Kampala">Kampala</a> to the Kenyan border is planned. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Rail transport in the United Arab Emirates">Rail transport in the United Arab Emirates</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>United Kingdom (Great Britain) </td> <td>Entire <a href="/wiki/Network_Rail" title="Network Rail">rail network</a> in Great Britain (but not Ireland) since standardisation by the <a href="/wiki/Regulating_the_Gauge_of_Railways_Act_1846" class="mw-redirect" title="Regulating the Gauge of Railways Act 1846">Regulating the Gauge of Railways Act 1846</a> </td> <td>Also used on all metro and tramway systems with the exception of the self-contained <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Subway" title="Glasgow Subway">Glasgow Subway</a>, which is 4 ft (1,219 mm). </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_rail_network" title="National rail network">Modern national railroad network</a>; see <a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_in_the_United_States#Towards_standardization" title="Track gauge in the United States">Track gauge in the United States</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Washington_Metro" title="Washington Metro">Washington Metro</a> uses <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><a href="/wiki/Washington_Metro_rolling_stock" title="Washington Metro rolling stock">4 ft 8+1⁄4 in</a> (1,429 mm) gauge, which is 6 mm (0.24 in) narrower than standard gauge.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Rapid_Transit" title="Bay Area Rapid Transit">Bay Area Rapid Transit</a> system uses <a href="/wiki/5_ft_6_in_gauge_railway" title="5 ft 6 in gauge railway">5 ft 6 in</a> (1,676 mm).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_cable_car_system" title="San Francisco cable car system">San Francisco cable car system</a> uses <a href="/wiki/3_ft_6_in_gauge_railways" title="3 ft 6 in gauge railways">3 ft 6 in</a> (1,067 mm).</li></ul> </div> </td> <td>129,774 km (80,638 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Uruguay" title="Rail transport in Uruguay">National rail network</a> </td> <td>2,900 km (1,800 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>North of <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi_Metro" title="Hanoi Metro">Hanoi Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Ho Chi Minh City Metro">Ho Chi Minh City Metro</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td>178 km (111 mi). Includes dual gauge (standard/metre) to the Chinese border. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-rail_use">Non-rail use</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Non-rail use">edit</a>]</div> Several states in the United States had laws requiring road vehicles to have a consistent <a href="/wiki/Axle_track" title="Axle track">gauge</a> to allow them to follow ruts in the road. Those gauges were similar to railway standard gauge.<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:P_train.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/31px-P_train.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/47px-P_train.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/P_train.svg/62px-P_train.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Trains" title="Portal:Trains">Trains portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Gauge_(toy_trains)" title="Standard Gauge (toy trains)">Standard Gauge (toy trains)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_track_gauges#Standard_gauge" title="List of track gauges">List of track gauges § Standard gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tram_systems_by_gauge_and_electrification" title="List of tram systems by gauge and electrification">List of tram systems by gauge and electrification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">Track gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulating_the_Gauge_of_Railways_Act_1846" class="mw-redirect" title="Regulating the Gauge of Railways Act 1846">Regulating the Gauge of Railways Act 1846</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> The gaps in the pedestrian crossings in <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a> could give credence or otherwise to this statement, but no relevant studies appear to have been made. </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> For the Philippine National Railways, 2,278 km (1,415 mi) for the Mindanao Railway, 296 km (184 mi) for the <a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_Commuter_Railway" title="North–South Commuter Railway">North–South Commuter Railway</a> (NSCR),<a href="#cite_note-pia-53">[52]</a> 298 km (185 mi) for NSCR extensions,<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> 92 km (57 mi) for the Northeast Commuter Line to <a href="/wiki/Cabanatuan" title="Cabanatuan">Cabanatuan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> 581 to 639 km (361 to 397 mi) for the South Main Line rehabilitation, 71 km (44 mi) for the Subic–Clark Railway, 244 km (152 mi) for the <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_Nueva_Ecija" title="San Jose, Nueva Ecija">San Jose</a>–<a href="/wiki/Tuguegarao" title="Tuguegarao">Tuguegarao</a> line,<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> and 175 km (109 mi) for the Tarlac–San Fernando line.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> Proposed MRT lines have a total length of 370 km (230 mi), discounting the Monorail <a href="/wiki/MRT_Line_4_(Metro_Manila)" title="MRT Line 4 (Metro Manila)">Line 4</a>. <a href="/wiki/LRT_Line_1_(Metro_Manila)" title="LRT Line 1 (Metro Manila)">LRT Line 1</a> extension is 26 km (16 mi),<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> while LRT Line 6's total proposed track length is 169 km (105 mi).<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> All figures mentioned denote track length, not line or system length. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFalco2012" class="citation web cs1">Falco, Francesco (31 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120227131503/http://tentea.ec.europa.eu/en/ten-t_projects/ten-t_projects_by_country/estonia/2007-ee-27010-s.htm">"2007-ee-27010-s"</a>. TEN-T Executive Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tentea.ec.europa.eu/en/ten-t_projects/ten-t_projects_by_country/estonia/2007-ee-27010-s.htm">the original</a> on 27 February 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TEN-T+Executive+Agency&rft.atitle=2007-ee-27010-s&rft.date=2012-12-31&rft.aulast=Falco&rft.aufirst=Francesco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftentea.ec.europa.eu%2Fen%2Ften-t_projects%2Ften-t_projects_by_country%2Festonia%2F2007-ee-27010-s.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120629031949/http://speedrail.ru/en/scm_in_the_world/detail13.html">"Japan"</a>. Speedrail.ru. 1 October 1964. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://speedrail.ru/en/scm_in_the_world/detail13.html">the original</a> on 29 June 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Speedrail.ru&rft.atitle=Japan&rft.date=1964-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspeedrail.ru%2Fen%2Fscm_in_the_world%2Fdetail13.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFalco2013" class="citation web cs1">Falco, Francesco (23 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130211090053/http://tentea.ec.europa.eu/en/news__events/newsroom/eu_support_to_help_convert_the_port_of_barcelonas_rail_network_to_uic_gauge.htm">"EU support to help convert the Port of Barcelona's rail network to UIC gauge"</a>. TEN-T Executive Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tentea.ec.europa.eu/en/news__events/newsroom/eu_support_to_help_convert_the_port_of_barcelonas_rail_network_to_uic_gauge.htm">the original</a> on 11 February 2013. Retrieved 20 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TEN-T+Executive+Agency&rft.atitle=EU+support+to+help+convert+the+Port+of+Barcelona%27s+rail+network+to+UIC+gauge&rft.date=2013-01-23&rft.aulast=Falco&rft.aufirst=Francesco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftentea.ec.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fnews__events%2Fnewsroom%2Feu_support_to_help_convert_the_port_of_barcelonas_rail_network_to_uic_gauge.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uic.org/com/article/spain-opening-of-the-first?page=thickbox_enews">"Spain: opening of the first standard UIC gauge cross-border corridor between Spain and France"</a>. UIC Communications. Retrieved 20 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UIC+Communications&rft.atitle=Spain%3A+opening+of+the+first+standard+UIC+gauge+cross-border+corridor+between+Spain+and+France&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uic.org%2Fcom%2Farticle%2Fspain-opening-of-the-first%3Fpage%3Dthickbox_enews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130629123614/http://ip.com/patfam/en/43414081">"Displaceable rolling bogie for railway vehicles"</a>. IP.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ip.com/patfam/en/43414081">the original</a> on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 20 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IP.com&rft.atitle=Displaceable+rolling+bogie+for+railway+vehicles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fip.com%2Fpatfam%2Fen%2F43414081&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rollingstockworld.com/passenger-cars/talgo-avril-high-speed-emus-have-entered-service-in-spain/">"Talgo Avril high-speed EMUs have entered service in Spain"</a>. ROLLINGSTOCK. 21 May 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ROLLINGSTOCK&rft.atitle=Talgo+Avril+high-speed+EMUs+have+entered+service+in+Spain&rft.date=2024-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frollingstockworld.com%2Fpassenger-cars%2Ftalgo-avril-high-speed-emus-have-entered-service-in-spain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/37th-congress/session-3/c37s3ch112.pdf">[1]</a> Thirty-Seventh Congress Session III Chap CXII March 3, 1863 Retrieved on 2019-01-08. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article62159153">"Standard Railway Gauge"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Townsville_Bulletin" title="Townsville Bulletin">Townsville Bulletin</a>. 5 October 1937. p. 12. Retrieved 3 June 2011 – via National Library of Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Townsville+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Standard+Railway+Gauge&rft.pages=12&rft.date=1937-10-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article62159153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article71309815">"Standard Rail Gauge Set By Old Ox-Carts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Worker_(Brisbane)" title="The Worker (Brisbane)">The Worker</a>. Vol. 58, no. 3122. Brisbane, Queensland. 19 May 1947. p. 17. Retrieved 13 April 2016 – via National Library of Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Worker&rft.atitle=Standard+Rail+Gauge+Set+By+Old+Ox-Carts&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3122&rft.pages=17&rft.date=1947-05-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article71309815&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Snopes,_Roman_chariots-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Snopes,_Roman_chariots_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Snopes,_Roman_chariots_11-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMikkelson2001" class="citation web cs1">Mikkelson, David (16 April 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snopes.com/history/american/gauge.asp">"Are U.S. Railroad Gauges Based on Roman Chariots?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Snopes" title="Snopes">Snopes</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Snopes&rft.atitle=Are+U.S.+Railroad+Gauges+Based+on+Roman+Chariots%3F&rft.date=2001-04-16&rft.aulast=Mikkelson&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.snopes.com%2Fhistory%2Famerican%2Fgauge.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOgataTsutsumiShimotsumaShiotsu2006" class="citation conference cs1">Ogata, Masanori; Tsutsumi, Ichiro; Shimotsuma, Yorikazu; Shiotsu, Nobuko (6 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jsmeicbtt/2006.3/0/2006.3_98/_article/-char/en">Origin of the world's standard gauge of railway is in the interval of wheel ruts of ancient carriages</a>. The International Conference on Business & Technology Transfer. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1299%2Fjsmeicbtt.2006.3.0_98">10.1299/jsmeicbtt.2006.3.0_98</a>. Retrieved 8 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Origin+of+the+world%27s+standard+gauge+of+railway+is+in+the+interval+of+wheel+ruts+of+ancient+carriages&rft.pages=98&rft.date=2006-12-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1299%2Fjsmeicbtt.2006.3.0_98&rft.aulast=Ogata&rft.aufirst=Masanori&rft.au=Tsutsumi%2C+Ichiro&rft.au=Shimotsuma%2C+Yorikazu&rft.au=Shiotsu%2C+Nobuko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstage.jst.go.jp%2Farticle%2Fjsmeicbtt%2F2006.3%2F0%2F2006.3_98%2F_article%2F-char%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaxter196656-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaxter196656_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaxter196656_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaxter196656_13-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaxter196656_13-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaxter196656_13-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFBaxter1966">Baxter 1966</a>, p. 56. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161121165745/http://www.twsitelines.info/smr/1128">"Tyne and Wear HER(1128): Bigges Main Wagonway – Details"</a>. Sitelines. Tyne and Wear Archaeology Officer. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twsitelines.info/smr/1128">the original</a> on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sitelines&rft.atitle=Tyne+and+Wear+HER%281128%29%3A+Bigges+Main+Wagonway+%E2%80%93+Details&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.twsitelines.info%2Fsmr%2F1128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160807044310/http://www.drcm.org.uk/Content/Collections/The%20Wagons.htm">"The Wagons"</a>. DRCM. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drcm.org.uk/Content/Collections/The%20Wagons.htm">the original</a> on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DRCM&rft.atitle=The+Wagons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drcm.org.uk%2FContent%2FCollections%2FThe%2520Wagons.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaughan1997-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVaughan1997_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVaughan1997">Vaughan 1997</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaughan199719-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVaughan199719_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVaughan1997">Vaughan 1997</a>, p. 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomlinson1915" class="citation book cs1">Tomlinson, Wiliam Weaver (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/northeasternrail00tomlrich/page/n6/mode/1up?view=theater">The North Eastern Railway: Its Rise and Development</a>. Newcastle-upon-Tyne; London: Andrew Reid; Longmans, Green. p. 81. Retrieved 20 March 2023. <q>I [John Dixon] can testify to the fact of there being half an inch difference in the gauge of the <a href="/wiki/Great_North_of_England_Railway" title="Great North of England Railway">Great North of England Railway</a> and the Stockton and Darlington Railway, and that engines and carriages reciprocally travel on each line daily without danger or a suspicion thereof from that cause: indeed, the fact of this difference is not generally known.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+North+Eastern+Railway%3A+Its+Rise+and+Development&rft.place=Newcastle-upon-Tyne%3B+London&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=Andrew+Reid%3B+Longmans%2C+Green&rft.date=1915&rft.aulast=Tomlinson&rft.aufirst=Wiliam+Weaver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnortheasternrail00tomlrich%2Fpage%2Fn6%2Fmode%2F1up%3Fview%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article38838254">"Trans-Australian Railway. Bill Before The Senate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Western_Mail_(Western_Australia)" title="Western Mail (Western Australia)">Western Mail (Western Australia)</a>. Perth. 2 December 1911. p. 17. Retrieved 15 March 2013 – via National Library of Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Western+Mail+%28Western+Australia%29&rft.atitle=Trans-Australian+Railway.+Bill+Before+The+Senate&rft.pages=17&rft.date=1911-12-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article38838254&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article89717905">"Peoples' Liberal Party"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bendigo_Advertiser" title="Bendigo Advertiser">Bendigo Advertiser</a>. 27 February 1912. p. 5. Retrieved 21 November 2013 – via National Library of Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bendigo+Advertiser&rft.atitle=Peoples%27+Liberal+Party&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1912-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article89717905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones,_II-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Jones,_II_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJones2009">Jones (2009)</a>, pp. 64–65. </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://southern.railfan.net/ties/1966/66-8/gauge.html">"The Days They Changed the Gauge"</a>. Retrieved 1 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Days+They+Changed+the+Gauge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsouthern.railfan.net%2Fties%2F1966%2F66-8%2Fgauge.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> Auguste Perdonnet, mémoire sur les chemins à ornières, 1830 </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> Revue générale des chemins de fer, July 1928. </li> <li id="cite_note-Whishaw,_91-25"><a href="#cite_ref-Whishaw,_91_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhishaw1842">Whishaw (1842)</a>, p. 91. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stgite.org.uk/media/publictransport.html">"Public transport in and about the parish"</a>. St George-in-the-East Church. London. London and Blackwall Railway; London, Tilbury & Southend Railway.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=St+George-in-the-East+Church&rft.atitle=Public+transport+in+and+about+the+parish&rft.pages=London+and+Blackwall+Railway%3B+London%2C+Tilbury+%26+Southend+Railway&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stgite.org.uk%2Fmedia%2Fpublictransport.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mernick.org.uk/dlr/documents/09.pdf">"Docklands Light Railway: Tower Gateway to West India Quay"</a> (PDF). Mernick. Retrieved 1 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mernick&rft.atitle=Docklands+Light+Railway%3A+Tower+Gateway+to+West+India+Quay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mernick.org.uk%2Fdlr%2Fdocuments%2F09.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whishaw,_260-28"><a href="#cite_ref-Whishaw,_260_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhishaw1842">Whishaw (1842)</a>, p. 260. </li> <li id="cite_note-Whishaw,_363-29"><a href="#cite_ref-Whishaw,_363_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhishaw1842">Whishaw (1842)</a>, p. 363. </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Rocket_Men_p33-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Rocket_Men_p33_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Rocket_Men_p33_30-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFJones2013">Jones (2013)</a>, p. 33. </li> <li id="cite_note-Whishaw,_319-31"><a href="#cite_ref-Whishaw,_319_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhishaw1842">Whishaw (1842)</a>, p. 319. </li> <li id="cite_note-Whishaw,_54-32"><a href="#cite_ref-Whishaw,_54_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhishaw1842">Whishaw (1842)</a>, p. 54. </li> <li id="cite_note-Whishaw,_273-33"><a href="#cite_ref-Whishaw,_273_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhishaw1842">Whishaw (1842)</a>, p. 273. </li> <li id="cite_note-Whishaw,_303-34"><a href="#cite_ref-Whishaw,_303_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhishaw1842">Whishaw (1842)</a>, p. 303. </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/albania/">"Albania"</a>. The World Factbook. Retrieved 1 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Albania&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Falbania%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190111051654/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/384.html">"CIA data"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/384.html">the original</a> on 11 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CIA+data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F384.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/algeria/">"Algeria"</a>. The World Factbook. Retrieved 1 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Algeria&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Falgeria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opendata.infrabel.be/explore/dataset/kilometers-spoorlijnen-per-gewest/table/?disjunctive.region_en">"Infrabel OpenData - Kilometres railway lines by region"</a>. 21 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Infrabel+OpenData+-+Kilometres+railway+lines+by+region&rft.date=2023-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopendata.infrabel.be%2Fexplore%2Fdataset%2Fkilometers-spoorlijnen-per-gewest%2Ftable%2F%3Fdisjunctive.region_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSetti2008">Setti (2008)</a>, p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090818195624/http://www.metropolitan.bg/index_eng.html">"Metropolitan Sofia"</a>. Metropolitan.bg. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metropolitan.bg/index_eng.html">the original</a> on 18 August 2009. Retrieved 7 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metropolitan.bg&rft.atitle=Metropolitan+Sofia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metropolitan.bg%2Findex_eng.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20060810092922/http://www.skgt-bg.com/index_en.htm">"Sofia Public Transport Co"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skgt-bg.com/index_en.htm">the original</a> on 10 August 2006. Retrieved 1 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sofia+Public+Transport+Co.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.skgt-bg.com%2Findex_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.err.ee/1608705319/euroopa-roopmelaiusele-uleminek-laheks-maksma-8-7-miljardit-eurot">"Euroopa rööpmelaiusele üleminek läheks maksma 8,7 miljardit eurot"</a>. 5 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Euroopa+r%C3%B6%C3%B6pmelaiusele+%C3%BCleminek+l%C3%A4heks+maksma+8%2C7+miljardit+eurot&rft.date=2022-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.err.ee%2F1608705319%2Feuroopa-roopmelaiusele-uleminek-laheks-maksma-8-7-miljardit-eurot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HK-43"><a href="#cite_ref-HK_43-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.2427junction.com/chinahongkongmtr.html">"香港鐵路(MTR)"</a>. 2427junction.com. 15 February 2006. Retrieved 20 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2427junction.com&rft.atitle=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%28MTR%29&rft.date=2006-02-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.2427junction.com%2Fchinahongkongmtr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130609192328/http://www.ica.roofandfacade.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=51:hong-kongs-mtr-system&catid=46:surface-roadrail-transport&Itemid=13">"Hong Kong's MTR System"</a>. Roof and Facade. 12 March 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ica.roofandfacade.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=51:hong-kongs-mtr-system&catid=46:surface-roadrail-transport&Itemid=13">the original</a> on 9 June 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Roof+and+Facade&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong%27s+MTR+System&rft.date=2007-03-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ica.roofandfacade.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D51%3Ahong-kongs-mtr-system%26catid%3D46%3Asurface-roadrail-transport%26Itemid%3D13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAllen1987">Allen (1987)</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://keretapi.tripod.com/history.html">"History of Railways in Indonesia"</a>. keretapi.tripod.com. Retrieved 25 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=keretapi.tripod.com&rft.atitle=History+of+Railways+in+Indonesia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkeretapi.tripod.com%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://searail.malayanrailways.com/PJKA/Nederland-Indies%20Railway/NISM.htm">"Nederlands-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij"</a>. searail.malayanrailways.com. Retrieved 25 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=searail.malayanrailways.com&rft.atitle=Nederlands-Indische+Spoorweg+Maatschappij&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsearail.malayanrailways.com%2FPJKA%2FNederland-Indies%2520Railway%2FNISM.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kosovo/#transportation">"Kosovo"</a>, The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 12 December 2024, retrieved 24 December 2024</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Kosovo&rft.date=2024-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fkosovo%2F%23transportation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mexlist.com">"Mexlist"</a>. 2007. Retrieved 29 November 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mexlist&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mexlist.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epd.punjab.gov.pk/system/files/Section-3-Project%20Description.pdf">"SECTION - 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT"</a> (PDF). EIA of Construction of Lahore Orange Line Metro Train Project (Ali Town –Dera Gujran). Environmental Protection Department. Retrieved 25 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EIA+of+Construction+of+Lahore+Orange+Line+Metro+Train+Project+%28Ali+Town+%E2%80%93Dera+Gujran%29&rft.atitle=SECTION+-+3+DESCRIPTION+OF+THE+PROJECT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepd.punjab.gov.pk%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2FSection-3-Project%2520Description.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rrdc.com/op_peru_fcca.html">"Ferrocarril Central Andino"</a>. Railroad Development Corporation. 2007. Retrieved 29 November 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Railroad+Development+Corporation&rft.atitle=Ferrocarril+Central+Andino&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rrdc.com%2Fop_peru_fcca.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.railwaypro.com/wp/philippines-approves-standard-gauge-for-all-new-lines/">"Philippines approves standard gauge for all new lines"</a>. 10 August 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Philippines+approves+standard+gauge+for+all+new+lines&rft.date=2016-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.railwaypro.com%2Fwp%2Fphilippines-approves-standard-gauge-for-all-new-lines%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pia-53"><a href="#cite_ref-pia_53-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1015160">"Biz sector calls on gov't. to prioritize Mindanao railway system"</a>. Philippine Information Agency. 27 November 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philippine+Information+Agency&rft.atitle=Biz+sector+calls+on+gov%27t.+to+prioritize+Mindanao+railway+system&rft.date=2018-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpia.gov.ph%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F1015160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDela_Paz2017" class="citation news cs1">Dela Paz, Chrisee (13 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rappler.com/business/181950-neda-board-approval-metro-manila-subway-pnr-railways">"NEDA Board approves Metro Manila Subway"</a>. Rappler. Retrieved 14 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rappler&rft.atitle=NEDA+Board+approves+Metro+Manila+Subway&rft.date=2017-09-13&rft.aulast=Dela+Paz&rft.aufirst=Chrisee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fbusiness%2F181950-neda-board-approval-metro-manila-subway-pnr-railways&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/11580495_03.pdf">Technical Report No. 3: Urban / Transportation Development Condition in Adjoining Areas</a> (PDF). Metro Manila Urban Transportation Integration Study (Report). <a href="/wiki/Japan_International_Cooperation_Agency" title="Japan International Cooperation Agency">Japan International Cooperation Agency</a>. Retrieved 21 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Technical+Report+No.+3%3A+Urban+%2F+Transportation+Development+Condition+in+Adjoining+Areas&rft.pub=Japan+International+Cooperation+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenjicareport.jica.go.jp%2Fpdf%2F11580495_03.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVillanueva2019" class="citation web cs1">Villanueva, Joann (22 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1059754">"PNR asks for feasibility of Cabanatuan-Makati line"</a>. Philippine News Agency. Retrieved 2 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philippine+News+Agency&rft.atitle=PNR+asks+for+feasibility+of+Cabanatuan-Makati+line&rft.date=2019-01-22&rft.aulast=Villanueva&rft.aufirst=Joann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pna.gov.ph%2Farticles%2F1059754&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1036596">"CEZA pursuing expressway, railway projects in Cagayan"</a>. Philippine News Agency. Retrieved 28 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Philippine+News+Agency&rft.atitle=CEZA+pursuing+expressway%2C+railway+projects+in+Cagayan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pna.gov.ph%2Farticles%2F1036596&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200626171237/https://www.bcda.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Bidding%20Documents_Advance%20Preliminary%20Works%20of%20Subic-Clark%20Railway%20Project(Part2).pdf">"Bidding Documents – Preliminary Works for the Subic–Clark Railway Project"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Bases_Conversion_and_Development_Authority" title="Bases Conversion and Development Authority">Bases Conversion and Development Authority</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bcda.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Bidding%20Documents_Advance%20Preliminary%20Works%20of%20Subic-Clark%20Railway%20Project(Part2).pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 26 June 2020. Retrieved 21 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bidding+Documents+%E2%80%93+Preliminary+Works+for+the+Subic%E2%80%93Clark+Railway+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bcda.gov.ph%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FBidding%2520Documents_Advance%2520Preliminary%2520Works%2520of%2520Subic-Clark%2520Railway%2520Project%28Part2%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCordero2018" class="citation news cs1">Cordero, Ted (4 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/companies/659246/tugade-says-lrt1-cavite-extension-to-be-completed-in-2021/story/">"Tugade says LRT1 Cavite extension to be completed in 2021"</a>. GMA News Online. Retrieved 8 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GMA+News+Online&rft.atitle=Tugade+says+LRT1+Cavite+extension+to+be+completed+in+2021&rft.date=2018-07-04&rft.aulast=Cordero&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanetwork.com%2Fnews%2Fmoney%2Fcompanies%2F659246%2Ftugade-says-lrt1-cavite-extension-to-be-completed-in-2021%2Fstory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eia.emb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/LRT-Line-6-PD-for-Scoping.v2.pdf">"Project Description for Scoping (Line 6A and 6B/C)"</a> (PDF). Environmental Management Bureau, <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Environment_and_Natural_Resources" title="Department of Environment and Natural Resources">Department of Environment and Natural Resources</a>. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management+Bureau%2C+Department+of+Environment+and+Natural+Resources&rft.atitle=Project+Description+for+Scoping+%28Line+6A+and+6B%2FC%29&rft.date=2019-01-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feia.emb.gov.ph%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F01%2FLRT-Line-6-PD-for-Scoping.v2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-infra-62"><a href="#cite_ref-infra_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reporting.sbb.ch/en/infrastructures">"Infrastructures"</a>. SBB/CFF/FFS. 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SBB%2FCFF%2FFFS&rft.atitle=Infrastructures&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freporting.sbb.ch%2Fen%2Finfrastructures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trc.co.tz/news/majaribio-ya-mifumo-ya-umeme-katika-reli-ya-kisasa-sgr-dar-moro-yaanza-rasmi">"Mwanzo | TRC"</a>. www.trc.co.tz. Retrieved 8 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.trc.co.tz&rft.atitle=Mwanzo+%7C+TRC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trc.co.tz%2Fnews%2Fmajaribio-ya-mifumo-ya-umeme-katika-reli-ya-kisasa-sgr-dar-moro-yaanza-rasmi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100418132723/http://www.vr.com.vn/english/hientaihoatdong.html">"Railway Infrastructure"</a>. Vietnam Railways. 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vr.com.vn/english/hientaihoatdong.html">the original</a> on 18 April 2010. Retrieved 29 November 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vietnam+Railways&rft.atitle=Railway+Infrastructure&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vr.com.vn%2Fenglish%2Fhientaihoatdong.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5839798">"The Narrow-Gauge Question"</a>. The Argus. Melbourne. 2 October 1872. Retrieved 14 April 2012 – via Trove.nla.gov.au.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Argus&rft.atitle=The+Narrow-Gauge+Question&rft.date=1872-10-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article5839798&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen1987" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Geoffrey Freeman (1987). Jane's World Railways, 1987–88. Jane's Information. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-71060848-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-71060848-2"><bdi>978-0-71060848-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jane%27s+World+Railways%2C+1987%E2%80%9388&rft.pub=Jane%27s+Information&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-71060848-2&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+Freeman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaxter1966" class="citation book cs1">Baxter, Bertran (1966). Stone Blocks and Iron Rails (Tramroads). Industrial Archaeology of the British Isles. Newton Abbot: <a href="/wiki/David_%26_Charles" title="David & Charles">David & Charles</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-715340-04-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-715340-04-2"><bdi>978-0-715340-04-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/643482298">643482298</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stone+Blocks+and+Iron+Rails+%28Tramroads%29&rft.place=Newton+Abbot&rft.series=Industrial+Archaeology+of+the+British+Isles&rft.pub=David+%26+Charles&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F643482298&rft.isbn=978-0-715340-04-2&rft.aulast=Baxter&rft.aufirst=Bertran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2013" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Robin (2013). The Rocket Men. Mortons Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-90912827-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-90912827-9"><bdi>978-1-90912827-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rocket+Men&rft.pub=Mortons+Media&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-90912827-9&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Jones, Stephen K (2009). Brunel in South Wales. Vol. II: Communications and Coal. Stroud: The History Press. pp. 64–65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-75244912-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-75244912-8"><bdi>978-0-75244912-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brunel+in+South+Wales&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E64-%3C%2Fspan%3E65&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-75244912-8&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Stephen+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOgataTsutsumi2006" class="citation journal cs1">Ogata, Masanori; Tsutsumi, Ichiro (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jsmeicbtt/2006.3/0/2006.3_98/_pdf/-char/en">"Origin of the world's standard gauge of railway is in the interval of wheel ruts of ancient carriages"</a>. The International Conference on Business & Technology Transfer. 2006 (3): 98–103. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1299%2Fjsmeicbtt.2006.3.0_98">10.1299/jsmeicbtt.2006.3.0_98</a>. Retrieved 23 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+Conference+on+Business+%26+Technology+Transfer&rft.atitle=Origin+of+the+world%27s+standard+gauge+of+railway+is+in+the+interval+of+wheel+ruts+of+ancient+carriages&rft.volume=2006&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E98-%3C%2Fspan%3E103&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1299%2Fjsmeicbtt.2006.3.0_98&rft.aulast=Ogata&rft.aufirst=Masanori&rft.au=Tsutsumi%2C+Ichiro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstage.jst.go.jp%2Farticle%2Fjsmeicbtt%2F2006.3%2F0%2F2006.3_98%2F_pdf%2F-char%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPomeranzTopik1999" class="citation book cs1">Pomeranz, Kenneth; Topik, Steven (1999). The World that Trade Created: Society, Culture, and World Economy, 1400 to the Present. Armonk, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">NY</a>: M.E. Sharpe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-0250-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-0250-3"><bdi>978-0-7656-0250-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+that+Trade+Created%3A+Society%2C+Culture%2C+and+World+Economy%2C+1400+to+the+Present&rft.place=Armonk%2C+NY&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7656-0250-3&rft.aulast=Pomeranz&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.au=Topik%2C+Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPuffert2009" class="citation book cs1">Puffert, Douglas J (2009). Tracks across Continents, Paths through History: The Economic Dynamics of Standardization in Railway Gauge. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-68509-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-68509-0"><bdi>978-0-226-68509-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tracks+across+Continents%2C+Paths+through+History%3A+The+Economic+Dynamics+of+Standardization+in+Railway+Gauge&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-226-68509-0&rft.aulast=Puffert&rft.aufirst=Douglas+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSetti2008" class="citation book cs1">Setti, João Bosco (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=naDdBL0NZSUC&pg=PA25">Brazilian Railroads</a>. Rio de Janeiro: Memória do Trem. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-85-8609409-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-85-8609409-5"><bdi>978-85-8609409-5</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brazilian+Railroads&rft.place=Rio+de+Janeiro&rft.pub=Mem%C3%B3ria+do+Trem&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-85-8609409-5&rft.aulast=Setti&rft.aufirst=Jo%C3%A3o+Bosco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnaDdBL0NZSUC%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaughan1997" class="citation book cs1">Vaughan, A. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/railwaymenpoliti0000vaug">Railwaymen, Politics and Money</a>. London: John Murray. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7195-5150-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7195-5150-5"><bdi>978-0-7195-5150-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Railwaymen%2C+Politics+and+Money&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7195-5150-5&rft.aulast=Vaughan&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frailwaymenpoliti0000vaug&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhishaw1842" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Whishaw" title="Francis Whishaw">Whishaw, Francis</a> (1969) [1842, John Weale]. The Railways of Great Britain and Ireland: Practically Described and Illustrated. London: <a href="/wiki/David_%26_Charles" title="David & Charles">David & Charles</a>; reprints: Newton Abbot. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7153-4786-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7153-4786-7"><bdi>978-0-7153-4786-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Railways+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland%3A+Practically+Described+and+Illustrated&rft.place=London&rft.pub=David+%26+Charles%3B+reprints%3A+Newton+Abbot&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=978-0-7153-4786-7&rft.aulast=Whishaw&rft.aufirst=Francis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article13868834">"The Sydney Morning Herald"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a>. 23 May 1892. p. 4. Retrieved 14 August 2011 – via National Library of Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1892-05-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article13868834&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988">, a discussion of gauge in Australia <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1892</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article62159153">"Standard Railway Gauge"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Townsville_Bulletin" title="Townsville Bulletin">Townsville Bulletin</a>. 5 October 1937. p. 12. Retrieved 19 March 2014 – via National Library of Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Townsville+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Standard+Railway+Gauge&rft.pages=12&rft.date=1937-10-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article62159153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard-gauge+railway" class="Z3988">, a discussion of the Roman gauge origin theory.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Track_gauge_(list)283" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_track_gauge" title="Template:Navbox track gauge"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_track_gauge" title="Template talk:Navbox track gauge"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_track_gauge" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox track gauge"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Track_gauge_(list)283" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">Track gauge</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_track_gauges" title="List of track gauges">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minimum-gauge_railway" title="Minimum-gauge railway">Minimum gauge</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fifteen-inch_gauge_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifteen-inch gauge railway">15 in</a> (381 mm)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/400_mm_gauge_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="400 mm gauge railway">400 mm</a> (15+3⁄4 in)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ridable_miniature_railways#16_in" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ridable miniature railways">16 in</a> (406 mm)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/18_in_gauge_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="18 in gauge railway">18 in</a> (457 mm)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_in_gauge_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="19 in gauge railway">19 in</a> (483 mm)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/500_mm_gauge_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="500 mm gauge railway">500 mm</a> (19+3⁄4 in)</li> <li>20 in (508 mm)</li> <li>21 in (533 mm)</li> <li>1 ft 10 in (559 mm)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Narrow-gauge_railway" title="Narrow-gauge railway">Narrow gauge</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2_ft_and_600_mm_gauge_railways" title="2 ft and 600 mm gauge railways">2 foot and 600 mm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_2_ft_3_in_gauge_railways" title="List of 2 ft 3 in gauge railways">2 ft 3 in</a> (686 mm)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/750_mm_gauge_railways" title="750 mm gauge railways">750 mm</a> (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian gauge">760 mm</a> (2 ft 5+15⁄16 in)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_ft_6_in_gauge_railways" title="2 ft 6 in gauge railways">2 ft 6 in</a> (762 mm)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/800_mm_gauge_railways" title="800 mm gauge railways">800 mm</a> (2 ft 7+1⁄2 in)</li> <li>891 mm (2 ft 11+3⁄32 in) <a href="/wiki/Swedish_three_foot_gauge_railways" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish three foot gauge railways">Swedish three foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/900_mm_gauge_railways" title="900 mm gauge railways">900 mm</a> (2 ft 11+7⁄16 in)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_ft_gauge_railways" title="3 ft gauge railways">3 ft</a> (914 mm)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_in_Italy" title="Track gauge in Italy">950 mm</a> (3 ft 1+3⁄8 in) <a href="/wiki/Narrow-gauge_railways_in_Italy#Italian_metre-gauge_lines_(950_mm)" title="Narrow-gauge railways in Italy">Italian metre gauge</a></li> <li>1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) <a href="/wiki/Metre_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Metre gauge">metre gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejaz_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Hejaz Railway">1,050 mm</a> (3 ft 5+11⁄32 in),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Company_for_Rail_Transport" title="National Company for Rail Transport">1,055 mm</a> (3 ft 5+1⁄2 in),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_ft_6_in_gauge_railways" title="3 ft 6 in gauge railways">3 ft 6 in</a> (1,067 mm)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ping%E2%80%93Uttersberg%E2%80%93Riddarhyttan_Railway" title="Köping–Uttersberg–Riddarhyttan Railway">1,093 mm</a> (3 ft 7 in),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Teresa_Tram" title="Santa Teresa Tram">1,100 mm</a> (3 ft 7+5⁄16 in),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrow-gauge_railway#Four_foot_and_1200_mm_gauge" title="Narrow-gauge railway">1,200 mm</a> (3 ft 11+1⁄4 in)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_foot_gauge_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Four foot gauge railway">4 ft</a> (1,219 mm)</li> <li>4 ft 1 in (1,245 mm), <a href="/wiki/Middleton_Railway" title="Middleton Railway">Middleton Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_ft_6_in_gauge_railway" title="4 ft 6 in gauge railway">4 ft 6 in</a> (1,372 mm), Scotch gauge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundee_and_Newtyle_Railway" title="Dundee and Newtyle Railway">4 ft 6+1⁄2 in</a> (1,384 mm), Scotch gauge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Corporation_Tramways" title="Glasgow Corporation Tramways">4 ft 7+3⁄4 in</a> (1,416 mm)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_ft_8_in_gauge_railways" title="4 ft 8 in gauge railways">4 ft 8 in</a> (1,422 mm), almost standard gauge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Metro_rolling_stock" title="Washington Metro rolling stock">4 ft 8+1⁄4 in</a> (1,429 mm)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Modern_almost_standard_gauge_railways">1,432 mm</a> (4 ft 8+3⁄8 in)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Standard gauge</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">4 ft 8+1⁄2 in</a> / 1,435 mm, Stephenson gauge</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Broad-gauge_railway" title="Broad-gauge railway">Broad gauge</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Moritz%E2%80%93Corviglia_funicular" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Moritz–Corviglia funicular">1,440 mm</a> (4 ft 8+11⁄16 in)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_in_Italy" title="Track gauge in Italy">1,445 mm (4 ft 8+7⁄8 in)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Dresden" title="Trams in Dresden">1,450 mm</a> (4 ft 9+3⁄32 in)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_and_Mahoning_Valley_Railroad" title="Cleveland and Mahoning Valley Railroad">4 ft 9+3⁄8 in</a> (1,457 mm)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Leipzig" title="Trams in Leipzig">1,458 mm</a> (4 ft 9+13⁄32 in)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto-gauge_railways" title="Toronto-gauge railways">4 ft 10+7⁄8 in</a> (1,495 mm), Toronto gauge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_ft_and_1520_mm_gauge_railways" title="5 ft and 1520 mm gauge railways">5 ft / 1,524 mm and 1,520 mm</a> (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in), Russian gauge.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEPTA_Subway%E2%80%93Surface_Trolley_Lines" class="mw-redirect" title="SEPTA Subway–Surface Trolley Lines">5 ft 2+1⁄4 in</a> / 1,581 mm and <a href="/wiki/Five_foot_two_and_a_half_inch_gauge_railways" class="mw-redirect" title="Five foot two and a half inch gauge railways">5 ft 2+1⁄2 in</a> / 1,588 mm, Pennsylvania gauge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_ft_3_in_gauge_railways" title="5 ft 3 in gauge railways">5 ft 3 in</a> (1,600 mm), Irish gauge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_ft_4%C2%BD_in_gauge_railways" class="mw-redirect" title="5 ft 4½ in gauge railways">5 ft 4+1⁄2 in</a> (1,638 mm), Baltimore gauge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberian gauge">1,668 mm</a> (5 ft 5+21⁄32 in), Iberian gauge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_ft_6_in_gauge_railway" title="5 ft 6 in gauge railway">5 ft 6 in</a> (1,676 mm), Indian gauge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Arend_(locomotive)" title="De Arend (locomotive)">1,945 mm</a> (6 ft 4+9⁄16 in), De Arend</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7-foot-%C2%BC-inch_gauge_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="7-foot-¼-inch gauge railway">7 ft 1⁄4 in</a> (2,140 mm), Brunel gauge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breitspurbahn" title="Breitspurbahn">3,000 mm</a> (9 ft 10+1⁄8 in), Breitspurbahn</li> <li>8,200 mm (26 ft 10+27⁄32 in), <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4rchwandschr%C3%A4gaufzug" title="Lärchwandschrägaufzug">Lärchwandschrägaufzug</a></li> <li>9,000 mm (29 ft 6+5⁄16 in), <a href="/wiki/Krasnoyarsk_ship_lift" title="Krasnoyarsk ship lift">Krasnoyarsk ship lift</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">List of track gauge articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_track_gauges" title="List of track gauges">List of track gauges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tram_systems_by_gauge_and_electrification" title="List of tram systems by gauge and electrification">List of tram track gauges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridable_miniature_railway#Miniature_railways" title="Ridable miniature railway">Miniature railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridable_miniature_railway#Minimum-gauge_railways" title="Ridable miniature railway">Minimum-gauge railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridable_miniature_railway#Large_amusement_railways" title="Ridable miniature railway">Large amusement railways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gauge differences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogie_exchange" title="Bogie exchange">Bogie exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_of_gauge" title="Break of gauge">Break of gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_gauge" title="Dual gauge">Dual gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_conversion" title="Track gauge conversion">Gauge conversion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gauge_conversions" title="List of gauge conversions">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_gauge" title="Variable gauge">Variable gauge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport mode</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tram_systems_by_gauge_and_electrification" title="List of tram systems by gauge and electrification">Tram and light rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit_track_gauge" title="Rapid transit track gauge">Rapid transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridable_miniature_railway" title="Ridable miniature railway">Miniature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_modelling_scales" title="Rail transport modelling scales">Scale model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Track_gauges_by_country" title="Category:Track gauges by country">by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Track_gauges_by_imperial_unit" title="Category:Track gauges by imperial unit">by imperial units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Track_gauges_by_metric_unit" title="Category:Track gauges by metric unit">by metric units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Track_gauges_by_name" title="Category:Track gauges by name">by name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_track_gauges" title="Category:Lists of track gauges">lists of track gauges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox391" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1999572#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4172030-1">Germany</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&oldid=1274703352">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&oldid=1274703352</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Track_gauges_by_size" title="Category:Track gauges by size">Track gauges by size</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Track_gauges_by_name" title="Category:Track gauges by name">Track gauges by name</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Standard-gauge_railways" title="Category:Standard-gauge railways">Standard-gauge railways</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_February_2015" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from February 2015">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from February 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_February_2015" title="Category:Use dmy dates from February 2015">Use dmy dates from February 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_February_2021" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2021">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 8 February 2025, at 20:13 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Standard-gauge_railway&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"> Search </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" >Standard-gauge railway</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"> 48 languages </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> Add topic </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-d8647bfd6-ppkhl","wgBackendResponseTime":131,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.880","walltime":"2.096","ppvisitednodes":{"value":19229,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":379550,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":41421,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":19,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":276902,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1831.457 1 -total"," 27.62% 505.834 151 Template:Track_gauge"," 21.54% 394.527 2 Template:Reflist"," 13.92% 254.982 1 Template:Navbox_track_gauge"," 13.73% 251.469 1 Template:Navbox"," 11.93% 218.442 32 Template:Cite_web"," 8.35% 152.996 16 Template:Plainlist"," 6.79% 124.287 10 Template:Rint"," 6.39% 117.054 1 Template:Sidebar_track_gauge"," 6.16% 112.781 1 Template:Sidebar"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.131","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":13743383,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAllen1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaxter1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCordero2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDela_Paz2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFalco2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFalco2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMikkelson2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOgataTsutsumi2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOgataTsutsumiShimotsumaShiotsu2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPomeranzTopik1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPuffert2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSetti2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTomlinson1915\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVaughan1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVillanueva2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhishaw1842\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"'\\\"\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 12,\n [\"Cite conference\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 10,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 32,\n [\"Clarify\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 65,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Standard Gauge\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 2,\n [\"Frac\"] = 2,\n [\"Further\"] = 7,\n [\"Harvp\"] = 11,\n [\"Main\"] = 2,\n [\"Navbox track gauge\"] = 1,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 1,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 16,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Railgauge\"] = 7,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"Rint\"] = 10,\n [\"Section link\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 7,\n [\"SfnRef\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sidebar track gauge\"] = 1,\n [\"Track gauge\"] = 101,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","220","18.6"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","180","15.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","160","13.6"],["(for generator)","80","6.8"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","80","6.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","80","6.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","60","5.1"],["validateData \u003Cmw.lua:728\u003E","60","5.1"],["lookup \u003CModule:Convert:687\u003E","40","3.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","40","3.4"],["[others]","180","15.3"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-64bdd54dd6-tx2w7","timestamp":"20250220200234","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Standard-gauge railway","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Standard-gauge_railway","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1999572","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1999572","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-11-23T13:16:59Z","dateModified":"2025-02-08T20:13:14Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5d\/Rail_gauge_world.svg","headline":"rail track gauge \u2013 international standard gauge (1435 mm, 4 ft 8 1\u20442 in)"}</script> </body> </html>