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Munzar</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Benedikt Munzar"> <meta name="keywords" content="Benedikt Munzar"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Benedikt Munzar"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 7</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Benedikt Munzar</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Clostridium Glycolicum Abdominal Infection in a Patient with Small Bowel Obstruction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benedikt%20Munzar">Benedikt Munzar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jagraj%20Singh"> Jagraj Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alice%20Mei"> Alice Mei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Musheyev"> David Musheyev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandeep%20Gandhi"> Sandeep Gandhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Clostridium is a gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming rod that is not commonly identified as a primary human pathogen. Here is presented a case of a 60-year-old patient with a history of opioid use disorder who underwent a number of abdominal surgeries for small bowel obstruction. His hospital course was complicated by Clostridium glycolicum infection, resulting in an acute abdomen. The patient clinically improved with antibiotic therapy. A thorough review of the National Institute of Health database revealed that only a small number of cases have been reported since 2007, with the last postsurgical cases documented in 2009 and the last clinical case documented in 2012. Clostridium glycolicum infections have been noted in patients with immunosuppressive conditions or those undergoing medical treatments that compromise immune function. This case was unusual due to the patient being immunocompetent. We suggest that a case of an acute abdomen should consider this organism as an etiological agent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20abdomen" title="acute abdomen">acute abdomen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacterial%20infection" title=" bacterial infection"> bacterial infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clostridium%20glycolicum" title=" clostridium glycolicum"> clostridium glycolicum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meckel%E2%80%99s%20diverticulum" title=" Meckel鈥檚 diverticulum"> Meckel鈥檚 diverticulum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pneumoperitoneum" title=" pneumoperitoneum"> pneumoperitoneum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20bowel%20obstruction" title=" small bowel obstruction"> small bowel obstruction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189319/clostridium-glycolicum-abdominal-infection-in-a-patient-with-small-bowel-obstruction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189319.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">29</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> The Univalence Principle: Equivalent Mathematical Structures Are Indistinguishable</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Shulman">Michael Shulman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paige%20North"> Paige North</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benedikt%20Ahrens"> Benedikt Ahrens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dmitris%20Tsementzis"> Dmitris Tsementzis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Univalence Principle is the statement that equivalent mathematical structures are indistinguishable. We prove a general version of this principle that applies to all set-based, categorical, and higher-categorical structures defined in a non-algebraic and space-based style, as well as models of higher-order theories such as topological spaces. In particular, we formulate a general definition of indiscernibility for objects of any such structure, and a corresponding univalence condition that generalizes Rezk鈥檚 completeness condition for Segal spaces and ensures that all equivalences of structures are levelwise equivalences. Our work builds on Makkai鈥檚 First-Order Logic with Dependent Sorts, but is expressed in Voevodsky鈥檚 Univalent Foundations (UF), extending previous work on the Structure Identity Principle and univalent categories in UF. This enables indistinguishability to be expressed simply as identification, and yields a formal theory that is interpretable in classical homotopy theory, but also in other higher topos models. It follows that Univalent Foundations is a fully equivalence-invariant foundation for higher-categorical mathematics, as intended by Voevodsky. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=category%20theory" title="category theory">category theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20structures" title=" higher structures"> higher structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverse%20category" title=" inverse category"> inverse category</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=univalence" title=" univalence"> univalence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136379/the-univalence-principle-equivalent-mathematical-structures-are-indistinguishable" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136379.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Mental Health of the Elderly: Evaluating a Newly Developed Structured Life-Review Manual Using a Within-Subjects Pre-Post Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wladislaw%20Mill">Wladislaw Mill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hariet%20Kirschner"> Hariet Kirschner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Zimmermann"> Anna Zimmermann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sashi%20Singh"> Sashi Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20Forstmeier"> Simon Forstmeier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uwe%20Berger"> Uwe Berger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernhard%20Strauss"> Bernhard Strauss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benedikt%20Werner"> Benedikt Werner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: A promising method to improve mental health of elderly people are structured life-reviews. We report the evaluation of our newly developed manual for structured life-reviews. The manual was created with the emphasis on straightforward application so that it can be used by professionals and lay people alike. Method: A within-subjects pre-post design is used to evaluate the manual using a geriatric depression scale and a self-integrity measure. Participants are elderly people living by themselves and in nursing homes. Findings: It is shown that elderly people perceive the structured life-review as a very positive experience. More importantly, it is shown that a negative trend of self-integrity and geriatric depression is signi铿乧antly reduced by the intervention. Conclusion: The data suggest that the manual contributes positively to self- perception and mental health. We conclude that this newly developed device is very valuable to augment elderly care. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structured%20life-review" title="structured life-review">structured life-review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-integrity" title=" self-integrity"> self-integrity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geriatric%20depression" title=" geriatric depression"> geriatric depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preventation%20research" title=" preventation research"> preventation research</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92058/mental-health-of-the-elderly-evaluating-a-newly-developed-structured-life-review-manual-using-a-within-subjects-pre-post-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92058.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Examination of the Self-Expression Model with Reference to Luxury Watches with Particular Regard of the Buying-Reasons</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Benedikt%20Jakob">Christopher Benedikt Jakob</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human beings are intrigued by luxury watches for decades. It is fascinating that customers pay an enormous amount of money for specific wristwatch models. It is fascinating that customers of the luxury watch industry accept a yearly price increase. This behavior increases their desirability even more. Luxury watches are perceived as status symbols, but they are additionally accepted as a currency without the disadvantage of currency fluctuations. It is obvious that the symbolic value is more important as the functional value with reference to the buying-reasons as regards luxury watches. Nowadays human beings do not need a wristwatch to read the time. Tablets, notebooks, smartphones, the watch in the car and watches on public places are used to inform people about the current time. This is one of the reasons why there is a trend that people do not wear wristwatches anymore. Due to these facts, this study has the intention to give answers to the question why people invest an enormous amount of money on the consumption of luxury watches and why those watches are seen as a status symbol. The study examines why the luxury watch industry records significant growth rates. The self-expression model is used as an appropriate methodology to find reasons why human beings purchase specific luxury watches. This evaluative approach further discusses if human beings are aware of their current self and their ideal self and how they express them. Furthermore, the research critically evaluates the people鈥檚 social self and their ideal social self. One of the goals is to identify if customers know why they like specific luxury watches and dislike others although they have the same quality and cost comparable prices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=luxury%20watch" title="luxury watch">luxury watch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brand%20awareness" title=" brand awareness"> brand awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buying-behaviour" title=" buying-behaviour"> buying-behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer" title=" consumer"> consumer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-expression" title=" self-expression"> self-expression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90450/examination-of-the-self-expression-model-with-reference-to-luxury-watches-with-particular-regard-of-the-buying-reasons" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> MicroRNA in Bovine Corpus Luteum during Early Pregnancy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rreze%20Gecaj">Rreze Gecaj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Corina%20Schanzenbach"> Corina Schanzenbach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benedikt%20Kirchner"> Benedikt Kirchner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Pfaffl"> Michael Pfaffl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bajram%20Berisha"> Bajram Berisha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The maintenance of corpus lutem (CL) during early pregnancy in cattle is a critical and multifarious process. A luteotrophic mechanism originating from the embryo is widely accepted as the triggering signal for the CL maintenance. In the cattle, it is the interferon-tau (IFNT) secretion form conceptus that prevents CL regression and ensures progesterone production for the establishment of pregnancy. In addition to endocrine and paracrine signals, microRNA (miRNA) can also support CL sustainability during early pregnancy. MiRNA are small non-coding nucleic acids that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally and are shown to be involved in the modulation of CL function. However, the examination of miRNAs in corpus luteum function at the early pregnancy still remains largely uncovered. This study aims at profiling the expression of miRNA in CL during the early pregnancy in cattle by comparing it with the CL form late cycle and with the regressed CL. Corpora lutea were assigned in two different groups during the cycle (C13 group, late CL: days 13-18 and C18, regressed CL group: day >18) and during the early pregnancy (group P: 1-2 month). The estrous cycle was determined by macroscopic examination and to age the fetus crown-rump length measurement was applied. A total of 9 corpora lutea from individual animals were included in the study, three corpora lutea for each group. MiRNAs population was profiled using small RNA next-generation sequencing and biologically significant miRNAs were evaluated for their differential expression using the DESeq2-methodology. We show that 6 differentially expressed miRNAs (bta-mir-2890, -2332, -2441-3p, -148b, -1248 and -29c) are common to both comparisons, P vs C13 and P vs C18. While for each stage individually we have identified unique miRNAs differentially expressed only for the given comparison. bta-miR-23a and -769 were unique miRNAs differentially expressed in P vs C13, whereas forty-four unique miRNAs were identified as differentially expressed in P vs C18. These data confirm that miRNAs are highly abundant in luteal tissue during early pregnancy and potentially regulate the CL maintenance at this stage of fetus development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bovine" title="bovine">bovine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corpus%20luteum" title=" corpus luteum"> corpus luteum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microRNA" title=" microRNA"> microRNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pregnancy" title=" pregnancy"> pregnancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RNA-Seq" title=" RNA-Seq"> RNA-Seq</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61115/microrna-in-bovine-corpus-luteum-during-early-pregnancy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61115.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Advances in Health Risk Assessment of Mycotoxins in Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wilfred%20A.%20Abiaa">Wilfred A. Abiaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chibundu%20N.%20Ezekiel"> Chibundu N. Ezekiel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benedikt%20Warth"> Benedikt Warth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Sulyok"> Michael Sulyok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20C.%20Turner"> Paul C. Turner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rudolf%20Krska"> Rudolf Krska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20F.%20Moundipa"> Paul F. Moundipa </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mycotoxins are a wide range of toxic secondary metabolites of fungi that contaminate various food commodities worldwide especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Such contamination seriously compromises food safety and quality posing a serious problem for human health as well as to trade and the economy. Their concentrations depend on various factors, such as the commodity itself, climatic conditions, storage conditions, seasonal variances, and processing methods. When humans consume foods contaminated by mycotoxins, they exert toxic effects to their health through various modes of actions. Rural populations in sub-Saharan Africa, are exposed to dietary mycotoxins, but it is supposed that exposure levels and health risks associated with mycotoxins between SSA countries may vary. Dietary exposures and health risk assessment studies have been limited by lack of equipment for the proper assessment of the associated health implications on consumer populations when they eat contaminated agricultural products. As such, mycotoxin research is premature in several SSA nations with product evaluation for mycotoxin loads below/above legislative limits being inadequate. Few nations have health risk assessment reports mainly based on direct quantification of the toxins in foods ('external exposure') and linking food levels with data from food frequency questionnaires. Nonetheless, the assessment of the exposure and health risk to mycotoxins requires more than the traditional approaches. Only a fraction of the mycotoxins in contaminated foods reaches the blood stream and exert toxicity ('internal exposure'). Also, internal exposure is usually smaller than external exposure thus dependence on external exposure alone may induce confounders in risk assessment. Some studies from SSA earlier focused on biomarker analysis mainly on aflatoxins while a few recent studies have concentrated on the multi-biomarker analysis of exposures in urine providing probable associations between observed disease occurrences and dietary mycotoxins levels. As a result, new techniques that could assess the levels of exposures directly in body tissue or fluid, and possibly link them to the disease state of individuals became urgent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mycotoxins" title="mycotoxins">mycotoxins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomarkers" title=" biomarkers"> biomarkers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exposure%20assessment" title=" exposure assessment"> exposure assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20risk%20assessment" title=" health risk assessment"> health risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-Saharan%20Africa" title=" sub-Saharan Africa "> sub-Saharan Africa </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16830/advances-in-health-risk-assessment-of-mycotoxins-in-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16830.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">574</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Examination of How Do Smart Watches Influence the Market of Luxury Watches with Particular Regard of the Buying-Reasons</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Benedikt%20Jakob">Christopher Benedikt Jakob</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In our current society, there is no need to take a look at the wristwatch to know the exact time. Smartphones, the watch in the car or the computer watch, inform us about the time too. Over hundreds of years, luxury watches have held a fascination for human beings. Consumers buy watches that cost thousands of euros, although they could buy much cheaper watches which also fulfill the function to indicate the correct time. This shows that the functional value has got a minor meaning with reference to the buying-reasons as regards luxury watches. For a few years, people have an increased demand to track data like their walking distance per day or to track their sleep for example. Smart watches enable consumers to get information about these data. There exists a trend that people intend to optimise parts of their social life, and thus they get the impression that they are able to optimise themselves as human beings. With the help of smart watches, they are able to optimise parts of their productivity and to realise their targets at the same time. These smart watches are also offered as luxury models, and the question is: how will customers of traditional luxury watches react? Therefore this study has the intention to give answers to the question why people are willing to spend an enormous amount of money on the consumption of luxury watches. The self-expression model, the relationship basis model, the functional benefit representation model and the means-end-theory are chosen as an appropriate methodology to find reasons why human beings purchase specific luxury watches and luxury smart watches. This evaluative approach further discusses these strategies concerning for example if consumers buy luxury watches/smart watches to express the current self or the ideal self and if human beings make decisions on expected results. The research critically evaluates that relationships are compared on the basis of their advantages. Luxury brands offer socio-emotional advantages like social functions of identification and that the strong brand personality of luxury watches and luxury smart watches helps customers to structure and retrieve brand awareness which simplifies the process of decision-making. One of the goals is to identify if customers know why they like specific luxury watches and dislike others although they are produced in the same country and cost comparable prices. It is very obvious that the market for luxury watches especially for luxury smart watches is changing way faster than it has been in the past. Therefore the research examines the market changing parameters in detail. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buying-behaviour" title="buying-behaviour">buying-behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brand%20management" title=" brand management"> brand management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumer" title=" consumer"> consumer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=luxury%20watch" title=" luxury watch"> luxury watch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20watch" title=" smart watch"> smart watch</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84590/examination-of-how-do-smart-watches-influence-the-market-of-luxury-watches-with-particular-regard-of-the-buying-reasons" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84590.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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