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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Verdun_(1792)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Verdun_(1792)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Battle of Verdun (1792)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Verdun_(1792)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Verdun_(First_World_War)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Verdun_(First_World_War)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Battle of Verdun (First World War)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Verdun_(First_World_War)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Panoramic_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Panoramic_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Panoramic views</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Panoramic_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cemetery_and_memorials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cemetery_and_memorials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cemetery and memorials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cemetery_and_memorials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Landmarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Verdun</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 74 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Verdun" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فردان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فردان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Verdun" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Verdun" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verden" title="Verden – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Verden" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="وردون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="وردون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Verdun" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Вердэн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вердэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD_(%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F)" title="Вэрдэн (Францыя) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вэрдэн (Францыя)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8E%D0%BD" title="Вердюн – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вердюн" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun_(Meuse)" title="Verdun (Meuse) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Verdun (Meuse)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun_(Mosa)" title="Verdun (Mosa) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Verdun (Mosa)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun,_Meuse" title="Verdun, Meuse – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Verdun, Meuse" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Verdun" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun,_Ffrainc" title="Verdun, Ffrainc – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Verdun, Ffrainc" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Verdun" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Verdun" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Verdun" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BD" title="Βερντέν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βερντέν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verd%C3%BAn" title="Verdún – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Verdún" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verduno" title="Verduno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Verduno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun_(Mosa)" title="Verdun (Mosa) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Verdun (Mosa)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86" title="وردن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وردن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Verdun" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdun" title="Ferdun – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ferdun" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Verdun" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%EB%90%AD" title="베르됭 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베르됭" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Վերդեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վերդեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Verdun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Verdun" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%9F" title="ורדן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ורדן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ვერდენი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვერდენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_(%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B7)" title="Верден (Мез) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Верден (Мез)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Verdun" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Verdun" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virodunum" title="Virodunum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Virodunum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdena" title="Verdena – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Verdena" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Verdun" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdenas" title="Verdenas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Verdenas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun_(Meuse)" title="Verdun (Meuse) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Verdun (Meuse)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فردان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فردان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Verdun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun_(Meuse)" title="Verdun (Meuse) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Verdun (Meuse)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%83%80%E3%83%B3" title="ヴェルダン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴェルダン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_(%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B7)" title="ВегӀден (Мез) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ВегӀден (Мез)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Verdun" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Verdun" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun_(M%C3%B2sa)" title="Verdun (Mòsa) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Verdun (Mòsa)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun_(Meuse)" title="Verdun (Meuse) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Verdun (Meuse)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Verdun" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun_(Moza)" title="Verdun (Moza) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Verdun (Moza)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Verdun" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Verdun" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Верден – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Верден" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Verdun" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun_(Meuse)" title="Verdun (Meuse) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Verdun (Meuse)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun,_Meuse" title="Verdun, Meuse – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Verdun, Meuse" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Верден – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Верден" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Verdun" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Verdun" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Verdun" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_(%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B7)" title="Верден (Мез) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Верден (Мез)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87" title="แวร์เดิง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แวร์เดิง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Verdun" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_(%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B7)" title="Верден (Мез) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Верден (Мез)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="وردون – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وردون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun_(Meuse)" title="Verdun (Meuse) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Verdun (Meuse)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Verdun" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun_(Meuse)" title="Verdun (Meuse) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Verdun (Meuse)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun,_Meuse" title="Verdun, Meuse – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Verdun, Meuse" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%A1%E5%B0%94%E7%99%BB" title="凡尔登 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="凡尔登" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%A1%E7%88%BE%E7%99%BB" title="凡爾登 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="凡爾登" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Verdun" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%A1%E5%B0%94%E7%99%BB" title="凡尔登 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="凡尔登" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q154748#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Verdun&params=49.162_N_5.3876_E_type:city(16689)_region:FR-GES"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°09′43″N</span> <span class="longitude">5°23′15″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.162°N 5.3876°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.162; 5.3876</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Subprefecture and commune in Grand Est, France</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the 1916 battle, see <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun" title="Battle of Verdun">Battle of Verdun</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Verdun_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Verdun (disambiguation)">Verdun (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun" class="extiw" title="fr:Verdun">the corresponding article</a> in French</b>.  <i><small>(April 2017)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVerdun&sl=fr&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the French article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Verdun]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|fr|Verdun}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Verdun" title="Talk:Verdun">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Subprefecture and commune in Grand Est, France</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Verdun</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">Subprefecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Porte_Verdun.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Verdun and the Meuse river"><img alt="Verdun and the Meuse river" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Porte_Verdun.JPG/270px-Porte_Verdun.JPG" decoding="async" width="270" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Porte_Verdun.JPG/405px-Porte_Verdun.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Porte_Verdun.JPG/540px-Porte_Verdun.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3544" data-file-height="1486" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Verdun and the Meuse river</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Verdun_55.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Verdun"><img alt="Coat of arms of Verdun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Blason_Verdun_55.svg/73px-Blason_Verdun_55.svg.png" decoding="async" width="73" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Blason_Verdun_55.svg/109px-Blason_Verdun_55.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Blason_Verdun_55.svg/145px-Blason_Verdun_55.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Location of Verdun</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="11" data-overlays="["_06f3e5585824c4c498ab717e3a96274ed7bfa248"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Verdun&groups=_06f3e5585824c4c498ab717e3a96274ed7bfa248" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,11,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Verdun&groups=_06f3e5585824c4c498ab717e3a96274ed7bfa248 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Verdun is located in France"><img alt="Verdun is located in France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/270px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/405px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/540px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1922" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.267%;left:70.808%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Verdun"><img alt="Verdun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Verdun</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of France</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Est_region_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Verdun is located in Grand Est"><img alt="Verdun is located in Grand Est" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Grand_Est_region_location_map.svg/270px-Grand_Est_region_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Grand_Est_region_location_map.svg/405px-Grand_Est_region_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Grand_Est_region_location_map.svg/540px-Grand_Est_region_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1724" data-file-height="1451" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.806%;left:41.881%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Verdun"><img alt="Verdun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Verdun</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Grand Est</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Verdun&params=49.162_N_5.3876_E_type:city(16689)_region:FR-GES"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°09′43″N</span> <span class="longitude">5°23′15″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.162°N 5.3876°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.162; 5.3876</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Department</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Meuse_(department)" title="Meuse (department)">Meuse</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_France" title="Arrondissements of France">Arrondissement</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Verdun" title="Arrondissement of Verdun">Verdun</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_France" title="Cantons of France">Canton</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Verdun-1" title="Canton of Verdun-1">Verdun-1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Verdun-2" title="Canton of Verdun-2">2</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France#Intercommunality" title="Communes of France">Intercommunality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_d%27agglom%C3%A9ration_du_Grand_Verdun" title="Communauté d'agglomération du Grand Verdun">CA Grand Verdun</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2020–2026) </span></th><td class="infobox-data">Samuel Hazard<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup><b>1</b></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">31.03 km<sup>2</sup> (11.98 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021)<sup id="cite_ref-popleg2021_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popleg2021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">16,689</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">540/km<sup>2</sup> (1,400/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">22,889</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/INSEE_code" title="INSEE code">INSEE</a>/Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=COM-55545">55545</a> /55100</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">194–330 m (636–1,083 ft)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><sup><b>1</b></sup> French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km<sup>2</sup> (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Verdun</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">vur-<span style="font-size:90%">DUN</span></i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a> also </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɛər/: 'are' in 'bare'">ɛər</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">VAIR</span>-dun</i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Collins_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Collins-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a> also </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɛər/: 'are' in 'bare'">ɛər</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">vair-<span style="font-size:90%">DUN</span></i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[vɛʁdœ̃]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/62\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-Verdun.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-Verdun.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-J\u00e9r\u00e9my-G\u00fcnther-Heinz J\u00e4hnick-Verdun.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-Verdun.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-Verdun.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-Verdun.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-Verdun.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; official name before 1970: <b>Verdun-sur-Meuse</b>) is a city in the <a href="/wiki/Meuse_(department)" title="Meuse (department)">Meuse</a> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a> in <a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a>, northeastern <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. It is an <a href="/wiki/Arrondissement" title="Arrondissement">arrondissement</a> of the department. </p><p>Verdun is the biggest city in Meuse, although the capital of the department is <a href="/wiki/Bar-le-Duc" title="Bar-le-Duc">Bar-le-Duc</a>, which is slightly smaller than Verdun. It is well known for giving <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun" title="Battle of Verdun">its name to the longest battle in modern history</a> in the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdun&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Verdun is situated on both banks of the river <a href="/wiki/Meuse" title="Meuse">Meuse</a>, in the northern part of the Meuse department. It is connected by rail to <a href="/wiki/Jarny" title="Jarny">Jarny</a>. The <a href="/wiki/A4_autoroute" title="A4 autoroute">A4 autoroute</a> Paris–Metz–Strasbourg passes south of the town. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdun&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Verdun (<i>Verodunum</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Latinisation_of_names" title="Latinisation of names">latinisation</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Toponymy" title="Toponymy">place name</a> meaning "strong <a href="/wiki/Celtic_toponymy" title="Celtic toponymy">fort</a>" in <a href="/wiki/Gaulish" title="Gaulish">Gaulish</a>) was founded by the <a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gauls</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It has been the seat of the bishop of <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Verdun" title="Prince-Bishopric of Verdun">Verdun</a> since the <a href="/wiki/4th_century" title="4th century">4th century</a>, with interruptions.<sup id="cite_ref-Maguelonne_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maguelonne-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 486, following the decisive <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> victory at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Soissons_(486)" title="Battle of Soissons (486)">Battle of Soissons</a>, the city (amongst several other nearby cities) refused to yield to the Franks and was thus besieged by King <a href="/wiki/Clovis_I" title="Clovis I">Clovis I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 843 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Verdun" title="Treaty of Verdun">Treaty of Verdun</a> divided <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>'s empire among his three surviving grandsons. </p><p>Around this time a city called Verdun was the centre of the thriving European trade in young boys, who were sold to the Islamic <a href="/wiki/Emirate" title="Emirate">emirates</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberia</a>, where they were enslaved as <a href="/wiki/Eunuch_(court_official)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eunuch (court official)">eunuchs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (November 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Italian ambassador <a href="/wiki/Liutprand_of_Cremona" title="Liutprand of Cremona">Liutprand of Cremona</a>, as one example in the 10th century, presented a gift of four eunuchs to Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_VII" title="Constantine VII">Constantine VII</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The identity of the "Verdun" mentioned in sources is disputed because there are many cities called Verdun in Europe (such as <a href="/wiki/Verdun-sur-Garonne" title="Verdun-sur-Garonne">Verdun-sur-Garonne</a> in <a href="/wiki/Occitania_(administrative_region)" title="Occitania (administrative region)">Occitania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Verdun-sur-le-Doubs" title="Verdun-sur-le-Doubs">Verdun-sur-le-Doubs</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-OPENEDITION_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OPENEDITION-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While many still identify it as Verdun on the Meuse, some argue that <a href="/wiki/Verdun-sur-le-Doubs" title="Verdun-sur-le-Doubs">Verdun-sur-le-Doubs</a> is a more feasible identification. It is also possible that Liutprand was referring to <a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OPENEDITION_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OPENEDITION-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 1200 Verdun has been famous for its <a href="/wiki/Drag%C3%A9e" title="Dragée">Dragées</a> or sugared almonds; they were distributed at the <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a> of French princes.<sup id="cite_ref-Maguelonne_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maguelonne-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Verdun was part of the middle kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Lotharingia" title="Lotharingia">Lotharingia</a> and in 1374 it became a <a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">free imperial city</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>. The Bishopric of Verdun formed together with Tull (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Diocese_of_Toul" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Diocese of Toul">Toul</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Metz" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Metz">Metz</a> the <a href="/wiki/Three_Bishoprics" title="Three Bishoprics">Three Bishoprics</a>, which were annexed by France in 1552 (recognized in 1648 by the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a>). </p><p>From 1624 to 1636 a large <a href="/wiki/Star_fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Star fort">bastioned citadel</a> was constructed on the site of the Abbey of Saint Vanne. In 1670 <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Le_Prestre_de_Vauban" class="mw-redirect" title="Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban">Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban</a> visited Verdun and drew up an ambitious scheme to fortify the whole city. Although much of his plan was carried out in the following decades, some of the elements were not completed until after the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>. During the Napoleonic War the citadel was used to hold British <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">prisoners of war</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> Verdun was the last French fortress to surrender in 1870. Shortly afterwards a new system of fortification was begun.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This consisted of a mutually supporting ring of 22 <a href="/wiki/Polygonal_fort" title="Polygonal fort">polygonal forts</a> up to 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from the city and an inner ring of 6 forts.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1638_Tassin_view_of_Verdun_edited_reduced.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/1638_Tassin_view_of_Verdun_edited_reduced.jpg/220px-1638_Tassin_view_of_Verdun_edited_reduced.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/1638_Tassin_view_of_Verdun_edited_reduced.jpg/330px-1638_Tassin_view_of_Verdun_edited_reduced.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/1638_Tassin_view_of_Verdun_edited_reduced.jpg/440px-1638_Tassin_view_of_Verdun_edited_reduced.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="902" /></a><figcaption>Bird's-eye view of Verdun in 1638</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Verdun_(1792)"><span id="Battle_of_Verdun_.281792.29"></span>Battle of Verdun (1792)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdun&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Battle of Verdun (1792)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun_(1792)" title="Battle of Verdun (1792)">Battle of Verdun (1792)</a></div> <p>Despite the extensive fortifications, in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun_(1792)" title="Battle of Verdun (1792)">Battle of Verdun in 1792</a> the fortress was captured by the <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussians</a> during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_First_Coalition" title="War of the First Coalition">War of the First Coalition</a>. The battle was fought on 20 August 1792 between French Revolutionary forces and the Prussian army. The Prussian victory opened the path to Paris for the invading armies. However the Prussians were unable to press their success and abandoned Verdun following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valmy" title="Battle of Valmy">Battle of Valmy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Verdun_(First_World_War)"><span id="Battle_of_Verdun_.28First_World_War.29"></span>Battle of Verdun (First World War)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdun&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Battle of Verdun (First World War)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun" title="Battle of Verdun">Battle of Verdun</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Douaumont_Ende_1916_rotated_North_at_top.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Fort_Douaumont_Ende_1916_rotated_North_at_top.jpg/220px-Fort_Douaumont_Ende_1916_rotated_North_at_top.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Fort_Douaumont_Ende_1916_rotated_North_at_top.jpg/330px-Fort_Douaumont_Ende_1916_rotated_North_at_top.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Fort_Douaumont_Ende_1916_rotated_North_at_top.jpg/440px-Fort_Douaumont_Ende_1916_rotated_North_at_top.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1557" data-file-height="1445" /></a><figcaption>Aerial photograph of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Douaumont" title="Fort Douaumont">Fort Douaumont</a> towards the end of 1916</figcaption></figure> <p>Verdun was the site of a <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun" title="Battle of Verdun">major battle</a>, the longest-lasting of the First World War.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the costliest battles in military history, Verdun exemplified the policy of a <a href="/wiki/Attrition_warfare" title="Attrition warfare">war of attrition</a> pursued by both sides, which led to an enormous loss of life and very long casualty lists.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the failure of the <a href="/wiki/Schlieffen_Plan" title="Schlieffen Plan">Schlieffen Plan</a> in 1914 and the solidifying of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Germany remained on the strategic defensive in the west throughout most of 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the winter of 1915–16, German General <a href="/wiki/Erich_von_Falkenhayn" title="Erich von Falkenhayn">Erich von Falkenhayn</a>, the chief of the <a href="/wiki/German_General_Staff" title="German General Staff">German General Staff</a> (1914–1916) made plans for a large offensive on the Western Front that ultimately aimed to break the French Army through the application of firepower at a point that the French had to hold for reasons of national prestige.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Falkenhayn recalled it, his so-called "Christmas memorandum" to <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II,_German_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm II, German Emperor">Kaiser Willhelm II</a> envisioned a massive but limited attack on a French position 'for the retention of which the French Command would be compelled to throw in every man they have'.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once the French army had bled to death, Britain could be brought down by Germany's <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a> blockade and superior military strength. The logic of initiating a battle not to gain territory or a strategic position but simply to create a self-sustaining killing ground—to bleed the French army to death—pointed to the grimness of military vision in 1916. </p><p>Recent scholarship by Holger Afflerbach and others, however, has questioned the veracity of the Christmas memo. No copy has ever surfaced and the only account of it appeared in Falkenhayn's post-war memoir.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His army commanders at Verdun, including the German Crown Prince, denied any knowledge of an attrition strategy. It is possible that Falkenhayn did not specifically design the battle to bleed the French army but used this supposed motive after the fact in an attempt to justify the Verdun offensive, despite its failure. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_Photographs_of_the_Western_Front_Q48890.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Aerial_Photographs_of_the_Western_Front_Q48890.jpg/220px-Aerial_Photographs_of_the_Western_Front_Q48890.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Aerial_Photographs_of_the_Western_Front_Q48890.jpg/330px-Aerial_Photographs_of_the_Western_Front_Q48890.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Aerial_Photographs_of_the_Western_Front_Q48890.jpg/440px-Aerial_Photographs_of_the_Western_Front_Q48890.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="586" /></a><figcaption>Citadel of Verdun during World War I</figcaption></figure> <p>Verdun was the strongest point in pre-war France, ringed by a string of powerful forts, including <a href="/wiki/Fort_Douaumont" title="Fort Douaumont">Douaumont</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Vaux" title="Fort Vaux">Fort Vaux</a>. By 1916, the salient at Verdun jutted into the German lines and lay vulnerable to attack from three sides. The historic city of Verdun had been an <i><a href="/wiki/Oppidum" title="Oppidum">oppidum</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gauls</a> before Roman times and later a key asset in wars against <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>, and Falkenhayn suspected that the French would throw as many men as necessary into its defence. Ironically, France had substantially weakened Verdun's defences after the outbreak of the war, an oversight that would contribute to the removal of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Joffre" title="Joseph Joffre">Joseph Joffre</a> from supreme command at the end of 1916. The attack was slated to begin on 12 February, then 16 February, but the snow forced repeated postponements. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Great_war_(1915)_(14578428098).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/The_Great_war_%281915%29_%2814578428098%29.jpg/220px-The_Great_war_%281915%29_%2814578428098%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/The_Great_war_%281915%29_%2814578428098%29.jpg/330px-The_Great_war_%281915%29_%2814578428098%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/The_Great_war_%281915%29_%2814578428098%29.jpg/440px-The_Great_war_%281915%29_%2814578428098%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1902" data-file-height="1324" /></a><figcaption>The city after the German bombardment, 1916</figcaption></figure> <p>Falkenhayn massed over 1000 artillery pieces<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the north and east of Verdun to precede the infantry advance with intensive artillery bombardment. His attack would hit the French positions on the right bank of the <a href="/wiki/Meuse" title="Meuse">Meuse</a>. Although French intelligence had warned of his plans, these warnings were ignored by the French Command and troop levels in the area remained low. Consequently, Verdun was utterly unprepared for the initial bombardment on the morning of 21 February 1916. German infantry attacks followed that afternoon and met tenacious but ultimately inadequate resistance for the first four days. </p><p>On 25 February, the Germans occupied Douaumont. French reinforcements—now under the leadership of General <a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a>—began to arrive and were instantly thrown into "the furnace" (as the battle was called) to slow the German advance, no matter what the cost. Over the next several days, the stubborn defense managed to slow the German advance with a series of bloody counter-attacks. In March, Falkenhayn decided to target the French positions on the left bank of the Meuse as well, broadening the offensive front twofold. Throughout March and April, <a href="/wiki/Cumi%C3%A8res-le-Mort-Homme" title="Cumières-le-Mort-Homme">Cumières-le-Mort-Homme</a> and Hill 304 were under continuous heavy bombardment and relentless infantry attacks. Meanwhile, Pétain organised repeated, small-scale counter-attacks to slow the German advance. He also ensured that the sole supply road from <a href="/wiki/Bar-le-Duc" title="Bar-le-Duc">Bar-le-Duc</a> into Verdun remained open. It became known as the <a href="/wiki/Voie_Sacr%C3%A9e" title="Voie Sacrée">Voie Sacrée</a> "Sacred Way" because it continued to carry vital supplies and reinforcements into the Verdun front despite constant artillery fire. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:French_soldiers_of_the_87th_Regiment_shelter_in_their_trenches_at_Hill_304_at_Verdun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/French_soldiers_of_the_87th_Regiment_shelter_in_their_trenches_at_Hill_304_at_Verdun.jpg/220px-French_soldiers_of_the_87th_Regiment_shelter_in_their_trenches_at_Hill_304_at_Verdun.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/French_soldiers_of_the_87th_Regiment_shelter_in_their_trenches_at_Hill_304_at_Verdun.jpg/330px-French_soldiers_of_the_87th_Regiment_shelter_in_their_trenches_at_Hill_304_at_Verdun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/French_soldiers_of_the_87th_Regiment_shelter_in_their_trenches_at_Hill_304_at_Verdun.jpg/440px-French_soldiers_of_the_87th_Regiment_shelter_in_their_trenches_at_Hill_304_at_Verdun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="702" /></a><figcaption>Men of the French 87th Infantry Regiment during the Battle of Verdun, 1916</figcaption></figure> <p>German gains continued in June, but slowly and only after increasingly heavy losses on their side. On 7 June, following almost a week of bitter resistance, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Vaux" title="Fort Vaux">Fort Vaux</a> fell to the Germans after a murderous hand-to-hand fight inside the fort itself. On 23 June, the Germans reached what would become the furthest point of their advance. The line was just in front of Fort Souville, the last stronghold before Verdun itself. Pétain was making plans to evacuate the right bank of the Meuse when the combined Anglo-French <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme" title="Battle of the Somme">offensive on the Somme River</a> was launched on 1 July, partly to relieve pressure on the French, although the <a href="/wiki/First_day_on_the_Somme" title="First day on the Somme">first day</a> was the bloodiest in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Army" title="History of the British Army">British Army's history</a>. The Germans could no longer afford to continue their offensive at Verdun when they were needed so desperately on the Somme. At a cost of some 400,000 German casualties and a similar number of French, the attack was finally called off. The estimated death toll on both sides were 143,000 dead Germans and 162,440 French soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Falkenhayn's plan to bleed France to death – if indeed that had been his intention – had failed. </p><p>The battle continued, however, from October to the end of the year. French offensives, employing new tactics devised by General <a href="/wiki/Robert_Nivelle" title="Robert Nivelle">Robert Nivelle</a>, regained the forts and territory they had lost earlier. This was the only gleam of hope in an otherwise abysmal landscape. </p><p>Overall, the battle lasted 11 months. Falkenhayn was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Paul_von_Hindenburg" title="Paul von Hindenburg">Paul von Hindenburg</a> as Chief of General Staff. General Nivelle was promoted over the head of General Pétain to replace <a href="/wiki/Generalissimo" title="Generalissimo">Generalissimo</a> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Joffre" title="Joseph Joffre">Joseph Joffre</a> as French supreme commander, although he was to hold the post for less than six months. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdun&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:30em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1793 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9,060</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1800 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9,136</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.12%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1806 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,276</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.98%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1821 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9,819</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.30%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1831 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">9,978</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.16%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1836 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,577</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.17%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1841 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">15,533</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.99%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1846 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">13,448</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.84%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1851 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">13,941</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.72%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1856 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">12,742</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−1.78%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,394</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.55%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1866 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,941</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.87%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1872 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,738</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.06%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1876 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">15,781</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.10%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">16,053</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.34%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1886 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">17,755</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.04%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1891 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">18,852</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.21%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1896 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">22,151</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.28%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">21,360</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.72%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1906 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">21,706</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.32%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">21,701</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.00%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,788</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−5.15%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">14,280</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.23%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">16,540</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.98%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1936 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">19,460</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+3.31%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1946 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">14,609</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.83%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1954 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">18,831</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.22%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1962 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">21,982</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.95%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1968 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">22,013</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.02%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1975 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">23,621</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.01%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">21,516</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.32%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,753</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.45%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1999 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">19,624</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.62%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2007 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">19,147</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.31%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2012 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">18,327</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.87%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2017 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">17,475</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.95%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: EHESS<sup id="cite_ref-ehess_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ehess-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and INSEE (1968-2017)<sup id="cite_ref-pophist_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pophist-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Panoramic_views">Panoramic views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdun&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Panoramic views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_de_Verdun,_vue_prise_du_Fort_de_la_Chaume,_1917.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A panoramic view of Verdun in 1917"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Panorama_de_Verdun%2C_vue_prise_du_Fort_de_la_Chaume%2C_1917.jpg/1000px-Panorama_de_Verdun%2C_vue_prise_du_Fort_de_la_Chaume%2C_1917.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Panorama_de_Verdun%2C_vue_prise_du_Fort_de_la_Chaume%2C_1917.jpg/1500px-Panorama_de_Verdun%2C_vue_prise_du_Fort_de_la_Chaume%2C_1917.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Panorama_de_Verdun%2C_vue_prise_du_Fort_de_la_Chaume%2C_1917.jpg/2000px-Panorama_de_Verdun%2C_vue_prise_du_Fort_de_la_Chaume%2C_1917.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6678" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_de_Verdun,_vue_prise_du_Fort_de_la_Chaume,_1917.jpg" title="File:Panorama de Verdun, vue prise du Fort de la Chaume, 1917.jpg"> </a></div>A panoramic view of Verdun in 1917</div></div></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Verdun_pan_photo_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A panoramic view of Verdun from 2004"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Verdun_pan_photo_2004.jpg/1000px-Verdun_pan_photo_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Verdun_pan_photo_2004.jpg/1500px-Verdun_pan_photo_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Verdun_pan_photo_2004.jpg/2000px-Verdun_pan_photo_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2595" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Verdun_pan_photo_2004.jpg" title="File:Verdun pan photo 2004.jpg"> </a></div>A panoramic view of Verdun from 2004</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cemetery_and_memorials">Cemetery and memorials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdun&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cemetery and memorials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are many French and German cemeteries throughout the battlefield. The largest is the French National Cemetery and <a href="/wiki/Douaumont_Ossuary" title="Douaumont Ossuary">Douaumont Ossuary</a> near Fort Douaumont. Thirteen thousand crosses adorn the field in front of the ossuary, which holds roughly 130,000 unidentified remains brought in from the battlefield. Every year yields more remains, which are often placed inside the ossuary's vaults. </p><p>Among many revered memorials on the battlefield is the "<a href="/wiki/Bayonet_Trench" title="Bayonet Trench">Bayonet Trench</a>", which marks the location where some dozen <a href="/wiki/Bayonet" title="Bayonet">bayonets</a> lined up in a row were discovered projecting out of the ground after the war; below each rifle was the body of a French soldier. It has been assumed that these belonged to a group of soldiers who had rested their rifles against the parapet of the trench they were occupying when they were killed during a bombardment, and the men were buried where they lay in the trench and the rifles left untouched. However, this is probably not historically accurate: experts agree that the bayonets were probably affixed to the rifles after the attack and installed by survivors to memorialize the spot.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nearby, the World War I Meuse-Argonne American Cemetery and Memorial is located at <a href="/wiki/Romagne-sous-Montfaucon" title="Romagne-sous-Montfaucon">Romagne-sous-Montfaucon</a> to the northwest of Verdun. It is the final resting place for 14,246 American military dead, most of whom died in the <a href="/wiki/Meuse-Argonne_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Meuse-Argonne Offensive">Meuse-Argonne Offensive</a>. The chapel contains a memorial to the 954 American missing whose remains were never recovered or identified. </p><p>On 12 September 1916 <a href="/wiki/King_George_V" class="mw-redirect" title="King George V">King George V</a> awarded the <a href="/wiki/Military_Cross" title="Military Cross">Military Cross</a> to the City of Verdun, one of only two awards of this British decoration to a municipality during World War I, the other being <a href="/wiki/Ypres" title="Ypres">Ypres</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 5 October 1917, <a href="/wiki/Bernardino_Machado" title="Bernardino Machado">Bernardino Machado</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Portugal" title="President of Portugal">President of the Portuguese Republic</a>, awarded the City of Verdun the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Tower_and_Sword" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of the Tower and Sword">Order of the Tower and Sword</a>, 1st Class (Grand Cross) for its "tenacious resistance, steadfastness in battle, and heroism of its garrison, having filled a brilliant position in the present war and gloriously proving the worth of a nation's valour and patriotism"; the investiture ceremony took place on 10 October 1917, during President Machado's visit to the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Verdun_4juni2006_043.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Charlemagne at the summit of Verdun's Victory Monument"><img alt="Charlemagne at the summit of Verdun's Victory Monument" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Verdun_4juni2006_043.jpg/90px-Verdun_4juni2006_043.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Verdun_4juni2006_043.jpg/135px-Verdun_4juni2006_043.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Verdun_4juni2006_043.jpg/180px-Verdun_4juni2006_043.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> at the summit of <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_I_memorials_and_cemeteries_in_Verdun#Monument_to_the_victory_at_Verdun" title="List of World War I memorials and cemeteries in Verdun">Verdun's Victory Monument</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Verdun_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A portion of the battlefield today"><img alt="A portion of the battlefield today" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Verdun_5.jpg/120px-Verdun_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Verdun_5.jpg/180px-Verdun_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Verdun_5.jpg/240px-Verdun_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A portion of the battlefield today</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:I_world_war_memorial.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="World War I memorial at Douaumont"><img alt="World War I memorial at Douaumont" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/I_world_war_memorial.jpg/120px-I_world_war_memorial.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/I_world_war_memorial.jpg/180px-I_world_war_memorial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/I_world_war_memorial.jpg/240px-I_world_war_memorial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">World War I memorial at <a href="/wiki/Douaumont" title="Douaumont">Douaumont</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdun&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Châtel Gate is the only remaining part of the medieval city walls. It leads onto La Roche Square.</li> <li>La Citadelle was built in the 17th century. It is still in military hands but the underlying tunnels can be visited.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdun_Cathedral" title="Verdun Cathedral">Verdun Cathedral</a> (<i>Notre-Dame de Verdun</i>) was consecrated in 1147 but was built on the site of an earlier church. The 12th-century Lion Door on the north side has a lavishly decorated <a href="/wiki/Tympanum_(architecture)" title="Tympanum (architecture)">tympanum</a>. The whole building was heavily restored in the 18th century.</li> <li>The Episcopal Palace was built in the 18th century by Robert de Cotte and has a fine façade. Part of the building is occupied by the World Peace Centre.</li> <li>The Princerie Museum is located in the former residence of the Primicier (the highest-ranking public servant) of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Principality_of_Verdun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Principality of Verdun (page does not exist)">Verdun</a>. It contains historic work of art from the region.</li> <li>The "Subterrean Citadel" is situated at the entrance of Verdun. It holds 4 km (2 mi) of shafts that used to accommodate soldiers during the war.</li> <li>The former <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_St_Paul,_Verdun" title="Abbey of St Paul, Verdun">Abbey of St Paul</a> houses the <i>palais de justice</i> and the headquarters of the sub-prefecture of Meuse.</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mairie_Verdun.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Verdun town hall"><img alt="Verdun town hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Mairie_Verdun.JPG/120px-Mairie_Verdun.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Mairie_Verdun.JPG/180px-Mairie_Verdun.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Mairie_Verdun.JPG/240px-Mairie_Verdun.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Verdun town hall</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathedrale_Verdun.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Verdun Cathedral"><img alt="Verdun Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Cathedrale_Verdun.JPG/120px-Cathedrale_Verdun.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Cathedrale_Verdun.JPG/180px-Cathedrale_Verdun.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Cathedrale_Verdun.JPG/240px-Cathedrale_Verdun.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Verdun Cathedral</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Verdun_4juni2006_041.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Verdun episcopal palace"><img alt="Verdun episcopal palace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Verdun_4juni2006_041.jpg/120px-Verdun_4juni2006_041.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Verdun_4juni2006_041.jpg/180px-Verdun_4juni2006_041.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Verdun_4juni2006_041.jpg/240px-Verdun_4juni2006_041.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Verdun episcopal palace</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdun&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Verdun (1999–2010 normals, extremes 1999–2016) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5<br />(90.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0<br />(96.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.5<br />(99.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.5<br />(104.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5<br />(90.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.5<br />(104.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3<br />(41.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3<br />(36.1) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9<br />(37.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.7<br />(30.7) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7<br />(35.1) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3<br />(46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9898FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.5<br />(5.9) </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.0<br />(5.0) </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.0<br />(6.8) </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.5<br />(18.5) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.5<br />(29.3) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(35.6) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.0<br />(23.0) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.0<br />(15.8) </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.5<br />(0.5) </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−17.5<br />(0.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #84FF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.0<br />(3.23) </td> <td style="background: #75FF75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.0<br />(3.31) </td> <td style="background: #84FF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.2<br />(3.24) </td> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.7<br />(2.15) </td> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.9<br />(2.91) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.4<br />(2.22) </td> <td style="background: #8AFF8A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.9<br />(3.07) </td> <td style="background: #84FF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.3<br />(3.24) </td> <td style="background: #9DFF9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.3<br />(2.49) </td> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.6<br />(2.78) </td> <td style="background: #86FF86; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.5<br />(3.09) </td> <td style="background: #6BFF6B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99.3<br />(3.91) </td> <td style="background: #8CFF8C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">905.1<br />(35.63) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.5 </td> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #6F6FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #7878FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 </td> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.0 </td> <td style="background: #4E4EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.3 </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">137.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Meteociel<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdun&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Verdun" title="Nicholas of Verdun">Nicholas of Verdun</a> (1130–1205), goldsmith</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Psaume" title="Nicolas Psaume">Nicolas Psaume</a> (1518–1575), prince-bishop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Veneroni" title="Giovanni Veneroni">Giovanni Veneroni</a> (1642–1708), linguist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Chevert" title="François de Chevert">François de Chevert</a> (1695–1769), army general</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Madin" title="Henry Madin">Henry Madin</a> (1698–1748), composer</li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Nicolas_Desandrouins" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean-Nicolas Desandrouins">Jean-Nicolas Desandrouins</a> (1729–1792), army general</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Nicolas_Pache" title="Jean-Nicolas Pache">Jean-Nicolas Pache</a> (1746–1823), politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyse_Alcan" title="Moyse Alcan">Moyse Alcan</a> (1817–1869), poet and publisher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Bunau-Varilla" title="Philippe Bunau-Varilla">Philippe Bunau-Varilla</a> (1859–1940), engineer</li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Dufaure_de_Montmirail" class="extiw" title="fr:René Dufaure de Montmirail">René Dufaure de Montmirail</a> (1876-1917), football manager</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Brasseur" title="Élisabeth Brasseur">Élisabeth Brasseur</a> (1896–1972), choral conductor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francine_Larrimore" title="Francine Larrimore">Francine Larrimore</a> (1898–1975), U.S. actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danielle_Mitterrand" title="Danielle Mitterrand">Danielle Mitterrand</a> (1924–2011), First Lady of France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Body-Gendrot" title="Sophie Body-Gendrot">Sophie Body-Gendrot</a> (1942–2018), political scientist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Revelli" title="Hervé Revelli">Hervé Revelli</a> (b. 1946), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Meadows_(North_Carolina_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Meadows (North Carolina politician)">Mark Meadows</a> (b. 1959), U.S. politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Delval" title="Pierre Delval">Pierre Delval</a> (b. 1960), criminologist and forensic scientist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Nanty" title="Isabelle Nanty">Isabelle Nanty</a> (b. 1962), actress, screen and theatre director, screenwriter</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdun&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9r%C3%A9_de_Rivi%C3%A8res_system" title="Séré de Rivières system">Séré de Rivières system</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdun&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503">"Répertoire national des élus: les maires"</a> (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+national+des+%C3%A9lus%3A+les+maires&rft.pub=data.gouv.fr%2C+Plateforme+ouverte+des+donn%C3%A9es+publiques+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.date=2022-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.gouv.fr%2Ffr%2Fdatasets%2Fr%2F2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerdun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popleg2021-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-popleg2021_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7725600?geo=COM-55545">"Populations légales 2021"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies</a>. 28 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Populations+l%C3%A9gales+2021&rft.pub=The+National+Institute+of+Statistics+and+Economic+Studies&rft.date=2023-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F7725600%3Fgeo%3DCOM-55545&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerdun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220826213353/https://www.dictionary.com/">"Verdun, Battle of"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Verdun,+Battle+of">the original</a> on 26 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Verdun%2C+Battle+of&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FVerdun%2C%2BBattle%2Bof&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerdun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Collins-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Collins_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/verdun">"Verdun"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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U of Minnesota Press. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780816657001" title="Special:BookSources/9780816657001"><bdi>9780816657001</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merovingian+Military+Organization%2C+481-751&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=U+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=9780816657001&rft.aulast=Bachrach&rft.aufirst=Bernard+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Djbz9IyOvfPoC%26q%3DMerovingian-Military-Organization&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerdun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRousseau1958" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rousseau, Félix (1958). <i>Mélanges Félix Rousseau, Études sur l'histoire du pays mosan au moyen age, 673-686</i> (in French). La Renaissance du Livre. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/30141458">30141458</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=M%C3%A9langes+F%C3%A9lix+Rousseau%2C+%C3%89tudes+sur+l%27histoire+du+pays+mosan+au+moyen+age%2C+673-686&rft.pub=La+Renaissance+du+Livre&rft.date=1958&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F30141458&rft.aulast=Rousseau&rft.aufirst=F%C3%A9lix&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerdun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevenson2002" class="citation book cs1">Stevenson, Walter (2002). "Eunuchs and early Christianity". 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The case of carzimasium"</a>. <i>Mélanges de l'École française de Rome</i> (127–1). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fmefrm.2408">10.4000/mefrm.2408</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/mefrm/2408#ftn23">the original</a> on 12 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 195. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-73806-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-73806-4">978-0-521-73806-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/guides/zydwtyc">"What caused Verdun to be the longest battle of WW1?"</a>. <i>BBC Guides</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Foley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/files/10060338/Foley_1916_New_Warfare.pdf">"A New Form of Warfare? : Erich von Falkenhayn's Plan for Victory in 1916"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Kclpure.kcl.ac.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211204085535/https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/files/10060338/Foley_1916_New_Warfare.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kclpure.kcl.ac.uk&rft.atitle=A+New+Form+of+Warfare%3F+%3A+Erich+von+Falkenhayn%27s+Plan+for+Victory+in+1916&rft.au=Robert+T.+Foley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkclpure.kcl.ac.uk%2Fportal%2Ffiles%2F10060338%2FFoley_1916_New_Warfare.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerdun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=812">"GHDI - Document"</a>. <i>Germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org&rft.atitle=GHDI+-+Document&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgermanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org%2Fsub_document.cfm%3Fdocument_id%3D812&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerdun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAfflerbach2015" class="citation book cs1">Afflerbach, Holger (1 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A6AFCgAAQBAJ&q=Holger+Afflerbach+christmas+memo&pg=PA21"><i>The Purpose of the First World War: War Aims and Military Strategies</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110443486" title="Special:BookSources/9783110443486"><bdi>9783110443486</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2017</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Purpose+of+the+First+World+War%3A+War+Aims+and+Military+Strategies&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter+GmbH+%26+Co+KG&rft.date=2015-07-01&rft.isbn=9783110443486&rft.aulast=Afflerbach&rft.aufirst=Holger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA6AFCgAAQBAJ%26q%3DHolger%2BAfflerbach%2Bchristmas%2Bmemo%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerdun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>World War 1: The Definitive visual history</i> (2nd ed.). United States: Smithsonian. 2014. pp. 154–161. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4654-7001-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4654-7001-0"><bdi>978-1-4654-7001-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+1%3A+The+Definitive+visual+history&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=154-161&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Smithsonian&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4654-7001-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerdun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ehess-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ehess_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cassini.ehess.fr/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=39383">Commune data sheet Verdun</a>, <a href="/wiki/School_for_Advanced_Studies_in_the_Social_Sciences" title="School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences">EHESS</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pophist-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pophist_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-55545#ancre-POP_T1">Population en historique depuis 1968</a>, INSEE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Prost, Antoine. 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Lisbon: Europress<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+Militar&rft.atitle=A+Batalha+de+Verdun%3A+poss%C3%ADveis+consequ%C3%AAncias+e+ensinamentos+para+Portugal&rft.date=2016-05&rft.aulast=Bernardino&rft.aufirst=Lu%C3%ADs+Manuel+Br%C3%A1s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.revistamilitar.pt%2Fartigo%2F1125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerdun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meteociel.fr/obs/clim/normales_records.php?code=55043001">"Normales et records pour Verdun (55)"</a>. Meteociel<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Normales+et+records+pour+Verdun+%2855%29&rft.pub=Meteociel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteociel.fr%2Fobs%2Fclim%2Fnormales_records.php%3Fcode%3D55043001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerdun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdun&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichelin2000" class="citation book cs1">Michelin (April 2000). <i>Illustrated Michelin Guide to the battlefields "Verdun and the Battles for its Possessions"</i>. Naval & Military Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843420668" title="Special:BookSources/9781843420668"><bdi>9781843420668</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illustrated+Michelin+Guide+to+the+battlefields+%22Verdun+and+the+Battles+for+its+Possessions%22&rft.pub=Naval+%26+Military+Press&rft.date=2000-04&rft.isbn=9781843420668&rft.au=Michelin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerdun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorne1993" class="citation book cs1">Horne, Alistair (1993). <i>"The Price of Glory" Verdun 1916</i>. Penguin Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780140170412" title="Special:BookSources/9780140170412"><bdi>9780140170412</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22The+Price+of+Glory%22+Verdun+1916&rft.pub=Penguin+Publishing&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780140170412&rft.aulast=Horne&rft.aufirst=Alistair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerdun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolstein2009" class="citation book cs1">Holstein, Christina (January 2009). <i>Walking Verdun</i>. Casemate Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1844158676" title="Special:BookSources/978-1844158676"><bdi>978-1844158676</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walking+Verdun&rft.pub=Casemate+Publishers&rft.date=2009-01&rft.isbn=978-1844158676&rft.aulast=Holstein&rft.aufirst=Christina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerdun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuckingham2007" class="citation book cs1">Buckingham, William F. (2007). <i>Battlefield Guide VERDUN 1916</i>. Tempus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780752441481" title="Special:BookSources/9780752441481"><bdi>9780752441481</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battlefield+Guide+VERDUN+1916&rft.pub=Tempus&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780752441481&rft.aulast=Buckingham&rft.aufirst=William+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerdun" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdun&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Verdun#Q154748" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Verdun">Verdun</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Verdun" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Verdun">Verdun</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://verdun.fr/">Official web site Verdun</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tourisme-verdun.fr/en_index.php">Tourist Office of Verdun</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eng.verdun.fr/Universal-city/Verdun-and-World-War-I/The-Battle-of-Verdun">The Battle of Verdun</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180210220935/http://eng.verdun.fr/Universal-city/Verdun-and-World-War-I/The-Battle-of-Verdun">Archived</a> 10 February 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fortiffsere.fr/verdun/">La place forte de Verdun 1870–1918</a>, well documented website on the extensive fortification system around Verdun</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verdun-somme-1916.de/">GPS-Teamproject "Verdun - Somme - 1916"</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090428223437/http://home.casema.nl/r.cossee/">"My visits to the battlefields of Verdun"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.casema.nl/r.cossee/">the original</a> on 28 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=My+visits+to+the+battlefields+of+Verdun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.casema.nl%2Fr.cossee%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerdun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forumeerstewereldoorlog.nl/">"Forum Eerste Wereldoorlog, Dutch/Flemish Forum"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forum+Eerste+Wereldoorlog%2C+Dutch%2FFlemish+Forum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forumeerstewereldoorlog.nl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerdun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060211134043/http://www.abmc.gov/cemeteries/cemeteries/ma.php">"World War I Meuse-Argonne American Cemetery and Memorial"</a>. <i>American Battle Monuments Commission</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abmc.gov/cemeteries/cemeteries/ma.php">the original</a> on 11 February 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Battle+Monuments+Commission&rft.atitle=World+War+I+Meuse-Argonne+American+Cemetery+and+Memorial&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abmc.gov%2Fcemeteries%2Fcemeteries%2Fma.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerdun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070510170057/http://www.worldisround.com/articles/80502/">"Photo album of old and modern Verdun area"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldisround.com/articles/80502/">the original</a> on 10 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Photo+album+of+old+and+modern+Verdun+area&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldisround.com%2Farticles%2F80502%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerdun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verdun14-18.de/en">"Verdun — A Battle of the Great war"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Verdun+%E2%80%94+A+Battle+of+the+Great+war&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.verdun14-18.de%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerdun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fortified-places.com/verdun.html">"The old fortifications of Verdun"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+old+fortifications+of+Verdun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fortified-places.com%2Fverdun.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerdun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tourisme-verdun.fr/en_subterranean-citadel-underground-citadel-.php">The subterranean citadel</a> underneath Verdun</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/23px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/35px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg/45px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_without_haloes_%281400-1806%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="By_1792" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">By 1792</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Aachen" title="Free Imperial City of Aachen">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aalen" title="Aalen">Aalen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biberach_an_der_Ri%C3%9F" title="Biberach an der Riß">Biberach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopfingen" title="Bopfingen">Bopfingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremen_(state)" title="Bremen (state)">Bremen</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Buchau" title="Bad Buchau">Buchau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrichshafen" title="Friedrichshafen">Buchhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinkelsb%C3%BChl" title="Dinkelsbühl">Dinkelsbühl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Esslingen am Neckar">Eßlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Frankfurt" title="Free City of Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedberg,_Hesse" title="Friedberg, Hesse">Friedberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gengenbach" title="Gengenbach">Gengenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giengen" title="Giengen">Giengen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goslar" title="Goslar">Goslar</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn" title="Heilbronn">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isny_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Isny im Allgäu">Isny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaufbeuren" title="Kaufbeuren">Kaufbeuren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Kempten" title="Free Imperial City of Kempten">Kempten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kessenich" title="Kessenich">Kessenich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leutkirch_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Leutkirch im Allgäu">Leutkirch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindau" title="Lindau">Lindau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_L%C3%BCbeck" class="mw-redirect" title="Free City of Lübeck">Lübeck</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen">Memmingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BChlhausen" title="Mühlhausen">Mühlhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mülhausen</a><sup><small>D, S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordhausen,_Thuringia" title="Nordhausen, Thuringia">Nordhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B6rdlingen" title="Nördlingen">Nördlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Nuremberg" title="Free Imperial City of Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offenburg" title="Offenburg">Offenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfullendorf" title="Pfullendorf">Pfullendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravensburg" title="Ravensburg">Ravensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reutlingen" title="Reutlingen">Reutlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothenburg_ob_der_Tauber" title="Rothenburg ob der Tauber">Rothenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rottweil" title="Rottweil">Rottweil</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Gm%C3%BCnd" title="Schwäbisch Gmünd">Schwäbisch Gmünd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schw%C3%A4bisch_Hall" title="Schwäbisch Hall">Schwäbisch Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schweinfurt" title="Schweinfurt">Schweinfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cberlingen" title="Überlingen">Überlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Ulm" title="Free Imperial City of Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangen_im_Allg%C3%A4u" title="Wangen im Allgäu">Wangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weil_der_Stadt" title="Weil der Stadt">Weil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fenburg_in_Bayern" title="Weißenburg in Bayern">Weißenburg in Bayern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetzlar" title="Wetzlar">Wetzlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Wimpfen" title="Bad Wimpfen">Wimpfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Windsheim" title="Bad Windsheim">Windsheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worms,_Germany" title="Worms, Germany">Worms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zell_am_Harmersbach" title="Zell am Harmersbach">Zell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png/150px-Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png/225px-Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png/300px-Free_Imperial_Cities_1792.png 2x" data-file-width="1545" data-file-height="1330" /></a></span><br /><small>Free Imperial Cities by 1792</small></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lost_imperial_immediacy_or_no_longer_part_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire_by_1792" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lost <a href="/wiki/Imperial_immediacy" title="Imperial immediacy">imperial immediacy</a> or no longer part of the Holy Roman Empire by 1792</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bern" title="History of Bern">Bern</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City_of_Besan%C3%A7on" title="Free Imperial City of Besançon">Besançon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brakel,_Germany" title="Brakel, Germany">Brakel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambrai" title="Cambrai">Cambrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diessenhofen" title="Diessenhofen">Diessenhofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donauw%C3%B6rth" title="Donauwörth">Donauwörth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duisburg" title="Duisburg">Duisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCren" title="Düren">Düren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelnhausen" title="Gelnhausen">Gelnhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haguenau" title="Haguenau">Hagenau</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herford" title="Herford">Herford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaysersberg" title="Kaysersberg">Kaysersberg</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Kolmar</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstanz" title="Konstanz">Konstanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landau" title="Landau">Landau</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemgo" title="Lemgo">Lemgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munster,_Haut-Rhin" title="Munster, Haut-Rhin">Munster</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obernai" title="Obernai">Obernai</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfeddersheim" title="Pfeddersheim">Pfeddersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinfelden_(Aargau)" title="Rheinfelden (Aargau)">Rheinfelden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosheim" title="Rosheim">Rosheim</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarrebourg" title="Sarrebourg">Sarrebourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmalkalden" title="Schmalkalden">Schmalkalden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9lestat" title="Sélestat">Schlettstadt</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seltz" title="Seltz">Seltz</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soest,_Germany" title="Soest, Germany">Soest</a><sup><small>H</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Straßburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toul" title="Toul">Toul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turckheim" title="Turckheim">Turckheim</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verden_an_der_Aller" class="mw-redirect" title="Verden an der Aller">Verden</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warburg" title="Warburg">Warburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wissembourg" title="Wissembourg">Weißenburg in Elsaß</a><sup><small>D</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Zürich">Zürich</a><sup><small>S</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>D</small></sup> Member of the <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9capole" title="Décapole">Décapole</a></li> <li><sup><small>H</small></sup> Member of the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a></li> <li><sup><small>S</small></sup> Member or associate of the <a href="/wiki/Growth_of_the_Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy">Swiss Confederacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Communes_of_the_Meuse_department" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Meuse_communes" title="Template:Meuse communes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Meuse_communes" title="Template talk:Meuse communes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Meuse_communes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Meuse communes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Communes_of_the_Meuse_department" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Meuse_department" title="Communes of the Meuse department">Communes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Meuse_(department)" title="Meuse (department)">Meuse</a> department</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abainville" title="Abainville">Abainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaucourt-Hautecourt" title="Abaucourt-Hautecourt">Abaucourt-Hautecourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aincreville" title="Aincreville">Aincreville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanty" title="Amanty">Amanty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambly-sur-Meuse" title="Ambly-sur-Meuse">Ambly-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amel-sur-l%27%C3%89tang" title="Amel-sur-l'Étang">Amel-sur-l'Étang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancemont" title="Ancemont">Ancemont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancerville,_Meuse" title="Ancerville, Meuse">Ancerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andernay" title="Andernay">Andernay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apremont-la-For%C3%AAt" title="Apremont-la-Forêt">Apremont-la-Forêt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrancy-sur-Crusnes" title="Arrancy-sur-Crusnes">Arrancy-sur-Crusnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aubr%C3%A9ville" title="Aubréville">Aubréville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulnois-en-Perthois" title="Aulnois-en-Perthois">Aulnois-en-Perthois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autr%C3%A9court-sur-Aire" title="Autrécourt-sur-Aire">Autrécourt-sur-Aire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autr%C3%A9ville-Saint-Lambert" title="Autréville-Saint-Lambert">Autréville-Saint-Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avillers-Sainte-Croix" title="Avillers-Sainte-Croix">Avillers-Sainte-Croix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avioth" title="Avioth">Avioth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avocourt" title="Avocourt">Avocourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azannes-et-Soumazannes" title="Azannes-et-Soumazannes">Azannes-et-Soumazannes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%C3%A2lon" title="Baâlon">Baâlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badonvilliers-G%C3%A9rauvilliers" title="Badonvilliers-Gérauvilliers">Badonvilliers-Gérauvilliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannoncourt" title="Bannoncourt">Bannoncourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantheville" title="Bantheville">Bantheville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar-le-Duc" title="Bar-le-Duc">Bar-le-Duc</a><sup>pref</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baudonvilliers" title="Baudonvilliers">Baudonvilliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baudr%C3%A9mont" title="Baudrémont">Baudrémont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baulny" title="Baulny">Baulny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazeilles-sur-Othain" title="Bazeilles-sur-Othain">Bazeilles-sur-Othain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazincourt-sur-Saulx" title="Bazincourt-sur-Saulx">Bazincourt-sur-Saulx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauclair" title="Beauclair">Beauclair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaufort-en-Argonne" title="Beaufort-en-Argonne">Beaufort-en-Argonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaulieu-en-Argonne" title="Beaulieu-en-Argonne">Beaulieu-en-Argonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont-en-Verdunois" title="Beaumont-en-Verdunois">Beaumont-en-Verdunois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beausite" title="Beausite">Beausite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behonne" title="Behonne">Behonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belleray" title="Belleray">Belleray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belleville-sur-Meuse" title="Belleville-sur-Meuse">Belleville-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belrain" title="Belrain">Belrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belrupt-en-Verdunois" title="Belrupt-en-Verdunois">Belrupt-en-Verdunois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beney-en-Wo%C3%ABvre" title="Beney-en-Woëvre">Beney-en-Woëvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9thelainville" title="Béthelainville">Béthelainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9thincourt" title="Béthincourt">Béthincourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beurey-sur-Saulx" title="Beurey-sur-Saulx">Beurey-sur-Saulx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezonvaux" title="Bezonvaux">Bezonvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biencourt-sur-Orge" title="Biencourt-sur-Orge">Biencourt-sur-Orge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy-sous-Mangiennes" title="Billy-sous-Mangiennes">Billy-sous-Mangiennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisl%C3%A9e" title="Bislée">Bislée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanz%C3%A9e" title="Blanzée">Blanzée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boinville-en-Wo%C3%ABvre" title="Boinville-en-Woëvre">Boinville-en-Woëvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boncourt-sur-Meuse" title="Boncourt-sur-Meuse">Boncourt-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnet,_Meuse" title="Bonnet, Meuse">Bonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonz%C3%A9e" title="Bonzée">Bonzée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Bouchon-sur-Saulx" title="Le Bouchon-sur-Saulx">Le Bouchon-sur-Saulx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouconville-sur-Madt" title="Bouconville-sur-Madt">Bouconville-sur-Madt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouligny" title="Bouligny">Bouligny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouquemont" title="Bouquemont">Bouquemont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boureuilles" title="Boureuilles">Boureuilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bov%C3%A9e-sur-Barboure" title="Bovée-sur-Barboure">Bovée-sur-Barboure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boviolles" title="Boviolles">Boviolles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brabant-en-Argonne" title="Brabant-en-Argonne">Brabant-en-Argonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brabant-le-Roi" title="Brabant-le-Roi">Brabant-le-Roi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brabant-sur-Meuse" title="Brabant-sur-Meuse">Brabant-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandeville" title="Brandeville">Brandeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braquis" title="Braquis">Braquis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bras-sur-Meuse" title="Bras-sur-Meuse">Bras-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brauvilliers" title="Brauvilliers">Brauvilliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9h%C3%A9ville" title="Bréhéville">Bréhéville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breux,_Meuse" title="Breux, Meuse">Breux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brieulles-sur-Meuse" title="Brieulles-sur-Meuse">Brieulles-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brillon-en-Barrois" title="Brillon-en-Barrois">Brillon-en-Barrois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brixey-aux-Chanoines" title="Brixey-aux-Chanoines">Brixey-aux-Chanoines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brizeaux" title="Brizeaux">Brizeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brocourt-en-Argonne" title="Brocourt-en-Argonne">Brocourt-en-Argonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brouennes" title="Brouennes">Brouennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broussey-en-Blois" title="Broussey-en-Blois">Broussey-en-Blois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broussey-Raulecourt" title="Broussey-Raulecourt">Broussey-Raulecourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bure,_Meuse" title="Bure, Meuse">Bure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burey-en-Vaux" title="Burey-en-Vaux">Burey-en-Vaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burey-la-C%C3%B4te" title="Burey-la-Côte">Burey-la-Côte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buxi%C3%A8res-sous-les-C%C3%B4tes" title="Buxières-sous-les-Côtes">Buxières-sous-les-Côtes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzy-Darmont" title="Buzy-Darmont">Buzy-Darmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesse" title="Cesse">Cesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaillon" title="Chaillon">Chaillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalaines" title="Chalaines">Chalaines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champneuville" title="Champneuville">Champneuville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champougny" title="Champougny">Champougny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanteraine" title="Chanteraine">Chanteraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chardogne" title="Chardogne">Chardogne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charny-sur-Meuse" title="Charny-sur-Meuse">Charny-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charpentry" title="Charpentry">Charpentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chassey-Beaupr%C3%A9" title="Chassey-Beaupré">Chassey-Beaupré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2tillon-sous-les-C%C3%B4tes" title="Châtillon-sous-les-Côtes">Châtillon-sous-les-Côtes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattancourt" title="Chattancourt">Chattancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaumont-devant-Damvillers" title="Chaumont-devant-Damvillers">Chaumont-devant-Damvillers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaumont-sur-Aire" title="Chaumont-sur-Aire">Chaumont-sur-Aire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvency-le-Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Chauvency-le-Château">Chauvency-le-Château</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvency-Saint-Hubert" title="Chauvency-Saint-Hubert">Chauvency-Saint-Hubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvoncourt" title="Chauvoncourt">Chauvoncourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheppy" title="Cheppy">Cheppy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonville-Malaumont" title="Chonville-Malaumont">Chonville-Malaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cierges-sous-Montfaucon" title="Cierges-sous-Montfaucon">Cierges-sous-Montfaucon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Claon" title="Le Claon">Le Claon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clermont-en-Argonne" title="Clermont-en-Argonne">Clermont-en-Argonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ry-le-Grand" title="Cléry-le-Grand">Cléry-le-Grand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ry-le-Petit" title="Cléry-le-Petit">Cléry-le-Petit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combles-en-Barrois" title="Combles-en-Barrois">Combles-en-Barrois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combres-sous-les-C%C3%B4tes" title="Combres-sous-les-Côtes">Combres-sous-les-Côtes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercy" title="Commercy">Commercy</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consenvoye" title="Consenvoye">Consenvoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrisson" title="Contrisson">Contrisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courcelles-en-Barrois" title="Courcelles-en-Barrois">Courcelles-en-Barrois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courcelles-sur-Aire" title="Courcelles-sur-Aire">Courcelles-sur-Aire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courouvre" title="Courouvre">Courouvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cousances-les-Forges" title="Cousances-les-Forges">Cousances-les-Forges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cousances-l%C3%A8s-Triconville" title="Cousances-lès-Triconville">Cousances-lès-Triconville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couvertpuis" title="Couvertpuis">Couvertpuis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couvonges" title="Couvonges">Couvonges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisy,_Meuse" title="Cuisy, Meuse">Cuisy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culey,_Meuse" title="Culey, Meuse">Culey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumi%C3%A8res-le-Mort-Homme" title="Cumières-le-Mort-Homme">Cumières-le-Mort-Homme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunel" title="Cunel">Cunel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagonville" title="Dagonville">Dagonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dainville-Berthel%C3%A9ville" title="Dainville-Bertheléville">Dainville-Bertheléville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damloup" title="Damloup">Damloup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dammarie-sur-Saulx" title="Dammarie-sur-Saulx">Dammarie-sur-Saulx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damvillers" title="Damvillers">Damvillers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dannevoux" title="Dannevoux">Dannevoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delouze-Rosi%C3%A8res" title="Delouze-Rosières">Delouze-Rosières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delut" title="Delut">Delut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demange-Baudign%C3%A9court" title="Demange-Baudignécourt">Demange-Baudignécourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieppe-sous-Douaumont" title="Dieppe-sous-Douaumont">Dieppe-sous-Douaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieue-sur-Meuse" title="Dieue-sur-Meuse">Dieue-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dombasle-en-Argonne" title="Dombasle-en-Argonne">Dombasle-en-Argonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dombras" title="Dombras">Dombras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dommartin-la-Montagne" title="Dommartin-la-Montagne">Dommartin-la-Montagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dommary-Baroncourt" title="Dommary-Baroncourt">Dommary-Baroncourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dompcevrin" title="Dompcevrin">Dompcevrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dompierre-aux-Bois" title="Dompierre-aux-Bois">Dompierre-aux-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domremy-la-Canne" title="Domremy-la-Canne">Domremy-la-Canne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doncourt-aux-Templiers" title="Doncourt-aux-Templiers">Doncourt-aux-Templiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douaumont-Vaux" title="Douaumont-Vaux">Douaumont-Vaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doulcon" title="Doulcon">Doulcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugny-sur-Meuse" title="Dugny-sur-Meuse">Dugny-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dun-sur-Meuse" title="Dun-sur-Meuse">Dun-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duzey" title="Duzey">Duzey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89couviez" title="Écouviez">Écouviez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89curey-en-Verdunois" title="Écurey-en-Verdunois">Écurey-en-Verdunois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eix" title="Eix">Eix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_%C3%89parges" title="Les Éparges">Les Éparges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89piez-sur-Meuse" title="Épiez-sur-Meuse">Épiez-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pinonville" title="Épinonville">Épinonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89rize-la-Br%C3%BBl%C3%A9e" title="Érize-la-Brûlée">Érize-la-Brûlée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89rize-la-Petite" title="Érize-la-Petite">Érize-la-Petite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89rize-Saint-Dizier" title="Érize-Saint-Dizier">Érize-Saint-Dizier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erneville-aux-Bois" title="Erneville-aux-Bois">Erneville-aux-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esnes-en-Argonne" title="Esnes-en-Argonne">Esnes-en-Argonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tain,_Meuse" title="Étain, Meuse">Étain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ton" title="Éton">Éton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89traye" title="Étraye">Étraye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euville" title="Euville">Euville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%88vres" title="Èvres">Èvres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fains-V%C3%A9el" title="Fains-Véel">Fains-Véel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flassigny" title="Flassigny">Flassigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleury-devant-Douaumont" title="Fleury-devant-Douaumont">Fleury-devant-Douaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foameix-Ornel" title="Foameix-Ornel">Foameix-Ornel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontaines-Saint-Clair" title="Fontaines-Saint-Clair">Fontaines-Saint-Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forges-sur-Meuse" title="Forges-sur-Meuse">Forges-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foucaucourt-sur-Thabas" title="Foucaucourt-sur-Thabas">Foucaucourt-sur-Thabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fouch%C3%A8res-aux-Bois" title="Fouchères-aux-Bois">Fouchères-aux-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9mer%C3%A9ville-sous-les-C%C3%B4tes" title="Frémeréville-sous-les-Côtes">Frémeréville-sous-les-Côtes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresnes-au-Mont" title="Fresnes-au-Mont">Fresnes-au-Mont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresnes-en-Wo%C3%ABvre" title="Fresnes-en-Woëvre">Fresnes-en-Woëvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Froidos" title="Froidos">Froidos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fromer%C3%A9ville-les-Vallons" title="Fromeréville-les-Vallons">Fromeréville-les-Vallons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fromezey" title="Fromezey">Fromezey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futeau" title="Futeau">Futeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9nicourt-sur-Meuse" title="Génicourt-sur-Meuse">Génicourt-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gercourt-et-Drillancourt" title="Gercourt-et-Drillancourt">Gercourt-et-Drillancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9ry" title="Géry">Géry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gesnes-en-Argonne" title="Gesnes-en-Argonne">Gesnes-en-Argonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geville" title="Geville">Geville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gim%C3%A9court" title="Gimécourt">Gimécourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gincrey" title="Gincrey">Gincrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girauvoisin" title="Girauvoisin">Girauvoisin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givrauval" title="Givrauval">Givrauval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondrecourt-le-Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Gondrecourt-le-Château">Gondrecourt-le-Château</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouraincourt" title="Gouraincourt">Gouraincourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goussaincourt" title="Goussaincourt">Goussaincourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gremilly" title="Gremilly">Gremilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimaucourt-en-Wo%C3%ABvre" title="Grimaucourt-en-Woëvre">Grimaucourt-en-Woëvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimaucourt-pr%C3%A8s-Sampigny" title="Grimaucourt-près-Sampigny">Grimaucourt-près-Sampigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerpont" title="Guerpont">Guerpont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gussainville" title="Gussainville">Gussainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haironville" title="Haironville">Haironville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halles-sous-les-C%C3%B4tes" title="Halles-sous-les-Côtes">Halles-sous-les-Côtes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han-l%C3%A8s-Juvigny" title="Han-lès-Juvigny">Han-lès-Juvigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han-sur-Meuse" title="Han-sur-Meuse">Han-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannonville-sous-les-C%C3%B4tes" title="Hannonville-sous-les-Côtes">Hannonville-sous-les-Côtes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harville" title="Harville">Harville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haudainville" title="Haudainville">Haudainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Hauts-de-Ch%C3%A9e" title="Les Hauts-de-Chée">Les Hauts-de-Chée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haudiomont" title="Haudiomont">Haudiomont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haumont-pr%C3%A8s-Samogneux" title="Haumont-près-Samogneux">Haumont-près-Samogneux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heippes" title="Heippes">Heippes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennemont" title="Hennemont">Hennemont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbeuville" title="Herbeuville">Herbeuville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herm%C3%A9ville-en-Wo%C3%ABvre" title="Herméville-en-Woëvre">Herméville-en-Woëvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heudicourt-sous-les-C%C3%B4tes" title="Heudicourt-sous-les-Côtes">Heudicourt-sous-les-Côtes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9villiers" title="Hévilliers">Hévilliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horville-en-Ornois" title="Horville-en-Ornois">Horville-en-Ornois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houdelaincourt" title="Houdelaincourt">Houdelaincourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inor,_Meuse" title="Inor, Meuse">Inor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipp%C3%A9court" title="Ippécourt">Ippécourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A9-le-Sec" title="Iré-le-Sec">Iré-le-Sec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Isle-en-Rigault" title="L'Isle-en-Rigault">L'Isle-en-Rigault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Islettes" title="Les Islettes">Les Islettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jametz" title="Jametz">Jametz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonville-en-Wo%C3%ABvre" title="Jonville-en-Woëvre">Jonville-en-Woëvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jouy-en-Argonne" title="Jouy-en-Argonne">Jouy-en-Argonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julv%C3%A9court" title="Julvécourt">Julvécourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juvigny-en-Perthois" title="Juvigny-en-Perthois">Juvigny-en-Perthois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juvigny-sur-Loison" title="Juvigny-sur-Loison">Juvigny-sur-Loison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%93ur-la-Grande" title="Kœur-la-Grande">Kœur-la-Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%93ur-la-Petite" title="Kœur-la-Petite">Kœur-la-Petite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labeuville" title="Labeuville">Labeuville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachalade" title="Lachalade">Lachalade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachauss%C3%A9e" title="Lachaussée">Lachaussée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacroix-sur-Meuse" title="Lacroix-sur-Meuse">Lacroix-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahaymeix" title="Lahaymeix">Lahaymeix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahayville" title="Lahayville">Lahayville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laheycourt" title="Laheycourt">Laheycourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laimont" title="Laimont">Laimont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamorville" title="Lamorville">Lamorville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamouilly" title="Lamouilly">Lamouilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landrecourt-Lempire" title="Landrecourt-Lempire">Landrecourt-Lempire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laneuville-au-Rupt" title="Laneuville-au-Rupt">Laneuville-au-Rupt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laneuville-sur-Meuse" title="Laneuville-sur-Meuse">Laneuville-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanh%C3%A8res" title="Lanhères">Lanhères</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latour-en-Wo%C3%ABvre" title="Latour-en-Woëvre">Latour-en-Woëvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavall%C3%A9e" title="Lavallée">Lavallée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavincourt" title="Lavincourt">Lavincourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavoye" title="Lavoye">Lavoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemmes" title="Lemmes">Lemmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9rouville" title="Lérouville">Lérouville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levoncourt,_Meuse" title="Levoncourt, Meuse">Levoncourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligni%C3%A8res-sur-Aire" title="Lignières-sur-Aire">Lignières-sur-Aire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligny-en-Barrois" title="Ligny-en-Barrois">Ligny-en-Barrois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liny-devant-Dun" title="Liny-devant-Dun">Liny-devant-Dun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion-devant-Dun" title="Lion-devant-Dun">Lion-devant-Dun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisle-en-Barrois" title="Lisle-en-Barrois">Lisle-en-Barrois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lissey" title="Lissey">Lissey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loisey" title="Loisey">Loisey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loison" title="Loison">Loison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longchamps-sur-Aire" title="Longchamps-sur-Aire">Longchamps-sur-Aire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longeaux" title="Longeaux">Longeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longeville-en-Barrois" title="Longeville-en-Barrois">Longeville-en-Barrois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loupmont" title="Loupmont">Loupmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louppy-le-Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Louppy-le-Château">Louppy-le-Château</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louppy-sur-Loison" title="Louppy-sur-Loison">Louppy-sur-Loison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louvemont-C%C3%B4te-du-Poivre" title="Louvemont-Côte-du-Poivre">Louvemont-Côte-du-Poivre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzy-Saint-Martin" title="Luzy-Saint-Martin">Luzy-Saint-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maizeray" title="Maizeray">Maizeray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maizey" title="Maizey">Maizey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malancourt" title="Malancourt">Malancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandres-en-Barrois" title="Mandres-en-Barrois">Mandres-en-Barrois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangiennes" title="Mangiennes">Mangiennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manheulles" title="Manheulles">Manheulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March%C3%A9ville-en-Wo%C3%ABvre" title="Marchéville-en-Woëvre">Marchéville-en-Woëvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marre,_Meuse" title="Marre, Meuse">Marre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marson-sur-Barboure" title="Marson-sur-Barboure">Marson-sur-Barboure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martincourt-sur-Meuse" title="Martincourt-sur-Meuse">Martincourt-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marville,_Meuse" title="Marville, Meuse">Marville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maucourt-sur-Orne" title="Maucourt-sur-Orne">Maucourt-sur-Orne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulan" title="Maulan">Maulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauvages" title="Mauvages">Mauvages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxey-sur-Vaise" title="Maxey-sur-Vaise">Maxey-sur-Vaise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9crin" title="Mécrin">Mécrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ligny-le-Grand" title="Méligny-le-Grand">Méligny-le-Grand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ligny-le-Petit" title="Méligny-le-Petit">Méligny-le-Petit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menaucourt" title="Menaucourt">Menaucourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9nil-aux-Bois" title="Ménil-aux-Bois">Ménil-aux-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9nil-la-Horgne" title="Ménil-la-Horgne">Ménil-la-Horgne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9nil-sur-Saulx" title="Ménil-sur-Saulx">Ménil-sur-Saulx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merles-sur-Loison" title="Merles-sur-Loison">Merles-sur-Loison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milly-sur-Bradon" title="Milly-sur-Bradon">Milly-sur-Bradon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogeville" title="Mogeville">Mogeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogn%C3%A9ville" title="Mognéville">Mognéville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moirey-Flabas-Cr%C3%A9pion" title="Moirey-Flabas-Crépion">Moirey-Flabas-Crépion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Monthairons" title="Les Monthairons">Les Monthairons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montblainville" title="Montblainville">Montblainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montbras" title="Montbras">Montbras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont-devant-Sassey" title="Mont-devant-Sassey">Mont-devant-Sassey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montfaucon-d%27Argonne" title="Montfaucon-d'Argonne">Montfaucon-d'Argonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montiers-sur-Saulx" title="Montiers-sur-Saulx">Montiers-sur-Saulx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montigny-devant-Sassey" title="Montigny-devant-Sassey">Montigny-devant-Sassey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montigny-l%C3%A8s-Vaucouleurs" title="Montigny-lès-Vaucouleurs">Montigny-lès-Vaucouleurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montm%C3%A9dy" title="Montmédy">Montmédy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montplonne" title="Montplonne">Montplonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montsec,_Meuse" title="Montsec, Meuse">Montsec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montz%C3%A9ville" title="Montzéville">Montzéville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moranville,_Meuse" title="Moranville, Meuse">Moranville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgemoulin" title="Morgemoulin">Morgemoulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morley,_Meuse" title="Morley, Meuse">Morley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouilly" title="Mouilly">Mouilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulainville" title="Moulainville">Moulainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulins-Saint-Hubert" title="Moulins-Saint-Hubert">Moulins-Saint-Hubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulotte" title="Moulotte">Moulotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouzay,_Meuse" title="Mouzay, Meuse">Mouzay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murvaux" title="Murvaux">Murvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzeray" title="Muzeray">Muzeray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naives-en-Blois" title="Naives-en-Blois">Naives-en-Blois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naives-Rosi%C3%A8res" title="Naives-Rosières">Naives-Rosières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naix-aux-Forges" title="Naix-aux-Forges">Naix-aux-Forges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nan%C3%A7ois-le-Grand" title="Nançois-le-Grand">Nançois-le-Grand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nan%C3%A7ois-sur-Ornain" title="Nançois-sur-Ornain">Nançois-sur-Ornain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantillois" title="Nantillois">Nantillois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nant-le-Grand" title="Nant-le-Grand">Nant-le-Grand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nant-le-Petit" title="Nant-le-Petit">Nant-le-Petit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantois" title="Nantois">Nantois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepvant" title="Nepvant">Nepvant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nettancourt" title="Nettancourt">Nettancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Neufour" title="Le Neufour">Le Neufour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuville-en-Verdunois" title="Neuville-en-Verdunois">Neuville-en-Verdunois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuville-l%C3%A8s-Vaucouleurs" title="Neuville-lès-Vaucouleurs">Neuville-lès-Vaucouleurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuville-sur-Ornain" title="Neuville-sur-Ornain">Neuville-sur-Ornain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuvilly-en-Argonne" title="Neuvilly-en-Argonne">Neuvilly-en-Argonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicey-sur-Aire" title="Nicey-sur-Aire">Nicey-sur-Aire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nix%C3%A9ville-Blercourt" title="Nixéville-Blercourt">Nixéville-Blercourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonsard-Lamarche" title="Nonsard-Lamarche">Nonsard-Lamarche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouillonpont" title="Nouillonpont">Nouillonpont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noyers-Auz%C3%A9court" title="Noyers-Auzécourt">Noyers-Auzécourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nub%C3%A9court" title="Nubécourt">Nubécourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olizy-sur-Chiers" title="Olizy-sur-Chiers">Olizy-sur-Chiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornes,_Meuse" title="Ornes, Meuse">Ornes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osches" title="Osches">Osches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ourches-sur-Meuse" title="Ourches-sur-Meuse">Ourches-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagny-la-Blanche-C%C3%B4te" title="Pagny-la-Blanche-Côte">Pagny-la-Blanche-Côte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagny-sur-Meuse" title="Pagny-sur-Meuse">Pagny-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pareid" title="Pareid">Pareid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parfondrupt" title="Parfondrupt">Parfondrupt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Paroches" title="Les Paroches">Les Paroches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peuvillers" title="Peuvillers">Peuvillers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierrefitte-sur-Aire" title="Pierrefitte-sur-Aire">Pierrefitte-sur-Aire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillon,_Meuse" title="Pillon, Meuse">Pillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pintheville" title="Pintheville">Pintheville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-sur-Meuse" title="Pont-sur-Meuse">Pont-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pouilly-sur-Meuse" title="Pouilly-sur-Meuse">Pouilly-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pretz-en-Argonne" title="Pretz-en-Argonne">Pretz-en-Argonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy-Landz%C3%A9court" title="Quincy-Landzécourt">Quincy-Landzécourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raival" title="Raival">Raival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rambluzin-et-Benoite-Vaux" title="Rambluzin-et-Benoite-Vaux">Rambluzin-et-Benoite-Vaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rambucourt" title="Rambucourt">Rambucourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rancourt-sur-Ornain" title="Rancourt-sur-Ornain">Rancourt-sur-Ornain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranzi%C3%A8res" title="Ranzières">Ranzières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rar%C3%A9court" title="Rarécourt">Rarécourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9cicourt" title="Récicourt">Récicourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9court-le-Creux" title="Récourt-le-Creux">Récourt-le-Creux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reffroy" title="Reffroy">Reffroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regn%C3%A9ville-sur-Meuse" title="Regnéville-sur-Meuse">Regnéville-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rembercourt-Sommaisne" title="Rembercourt-Sommaisne">Rembercourt-Sommaisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remennecourt" title="Remennecourt">Remennecourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remoiville" title="Remoiville">Remoiville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resson" title="Resson">Resson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revigny-sur-Ornain" title="Revigny-sur-Ornain">Revigny-sur-Ornain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9ville-aux-Bois" title="Réville-aux-Bois">Réville-aux-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riaville" title="Riaville">Riaville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribeaucourt,_Meuse" title="Ribeaucourt, Meuse">Ribeaucourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richecourt" title="Richecourt">Richecourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigny-la-Salle" title="Rigny-la-Salle">Rigny-la-Salle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigny-Saint-Martin" title="Rigny-Saint-Martin">Rigny-Saint-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert-Espagne" title="Robert-Espagne">Robert-Espagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Roises" title="Les Roises">Les Roises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romagne-sous-les-C%C3%B4tes" title="Romagne-sous-les-Côtes">Romagne-sous-les-Côtes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romagne-sous-Montfaucon" title="Romagne-sous-Montfaucon">Romagne-sous-Montfaucon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronvaux" title="Ronvaux">Ronvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouvres-en-Wo%C3%ABvre" title="Rouvres-en-Woëvre">Rouvres-en-Woëvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouvrois-sur-Meuse" title="Rouvrois-sur-Meuse">Rouvrois-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouvrois-sur-Othain" title="Rouvrois-sur-Othain">Rouvrois-sur-Othain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumont,_Meuse" title="Rumont, Meuse">Rumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupt-aux-Nonains" title="Rupt-aux-Nonains">Rupt-aux-Nonains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupt-devant-Saint-Mihiel" title="Rupt-devant-Saint-Mihiel">Rupt-devant-Saint-Mihiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupt-en-Wo%C3%ABvre" title="Rupt-en-Woëvre">Rupt-en-Woëvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupt-sur-Othain" title="Rupt-sur-Othain">Rupt-sur-Othain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Amand-sur-Ornain" title="Saint-Amand-sur-Ornain">Saint-Amand-sur-Ornain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Andr%C3%A9-en-Barrois" title="Saint-André-en-Barrois">Saint-André-en-Barrois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Aubin-sur-Aire" title="Saint-Aubin-sur-Aire">Saint-Aubin-sur-Aire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-sur-Meuse" title="Saint-Germain-sur-Meuse">Saint-Germain-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hilaire-en-Wo%C3%ABvre" title="Saint-Hilaire-en-Woëvre">Saint-Hilaire-en-Woëvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-l%C3%A8s-Buzy" title="Saint-Jean-lès-Buzy">Saint-Jean-lès-Buzy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Joire" title="Saint-Joire">Saint-Joire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Julien-sous-les-C%C3%B4tes" title="Saint-Julien-sous-les-Côtes">Saint-Julien-sous-les-Côtes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent-sur-Othain" title="Saint-Laurent-sur-Othain">Saint-Laurent-sur-Othain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Maurice-sous-les-C%C3%B4tes" title="Saint-Maurice-sous-les-Côtes">Saint-Maurice-sous-les-Côtes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Mihiel" title="Saint-Mihiel">Saint-Mihiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierrevillers" title="Saint-Pierrevillers">Saint-Pierrevillers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Remy-la-Calonne" title="Saint-Remy-la-Calonne">Saint-Remy-la-Calonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmagne" title="Salmagne">Salmagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samogneux" title="Samogneux">Samogneux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampigny" title="Sampigny">Sampigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassey-sur-Meuse" title="Sassey-sur-Meuse">Sassey-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudrupt" title="Saudrupt">Saudrupt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saulmory-Villefranche" title="Saulmory-Villefranche">Saulmory-Villefranche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saulvaux" title="Saulvaux">Saulvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saulx-l%C3%A8s-Champlon" title="Saulx-lès-Champlon">Saulx-lès-Champlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauvigny" title="Sauvigny">Sauvigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauvoy" title="Sauvoy">Sauvoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savonni%C3%A8res-devant-Bar" title="Savonnières-devant-Bar">Savonnières-devant-Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savonni%C3%A8res-en-Perthois" title="Savonnières-en-Perthois">Savonnières-en-Perthois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seigneulles" title="Seigneulles">Seigneulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senon" title="Senon">Senon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senoncourt-l%C3%A8s-Maujouy" title="Senoncourt-lès-Maujouy">Senoncourt-lès-Maujouy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septsarges" title="Septsarges">Septsarges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepvigny" title="Sepvigny">Sepvigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seuil-d%27Argonne" title="Seuil-d'Argonne">Seuil-d'Argonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seuzey" title="Seuzey">Seuzey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silmont" title="Silmont">Silmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivry-la-Perche" title="Sivry-la-Perche">Sivry-la-Perche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivry-sur-Meuse" title="Sivry-sur-Meuse">Sivry-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sommedieue" title="Sommedieue">Sommedieue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sommeilles" title="Sommeilles">Sommeilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sommelonne" title="Sommelonne">Sommelonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbey,_Meuse" title="Sorbey, Meuse">Sorbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorcy-Saint-Martin" title="Sorcy-Saint-Martin">Sorcy-Saint-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Souhesmes-Rampont" title="Les Souhesmes-Rampont">Les Souhesmes-Rampont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souilly" title="Souilly">Souilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spincourt" title="Spincourt">Spincourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stainville" title="Stainville">Stainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stenay" title="Stenay">Stenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taillancourt" title="Taillancourt">Taillancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tannois" title="Tannois">Tannois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierville-sur-Meuse" title="Thierville-sur-Meuse">Thierville-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thillombois" title="Thillombois">Thillombois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thillot" title="Thillot">Thillot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thonne-la-Long" title="Thonne-la-Long">Thonne-la-Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thonne-le-Thil" title="Thonne-le-Thil">Thonne-le-Thil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thonne-les-Pr%C3%A8s" title="Thonne-les-Près">Thonne-les-Près</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thonnelle" title="Thonnelle">Thonnelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilly-sur-Meuse" title="Tilly-sur-Meuse">Tilly-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9mont-sur-Saulx" title="Trémont-sur-Saulx">Trémont-sur-Saulx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9sauvaux" title="Trésauvaux">Trésauvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9veray" title="Tréveray">Tréveray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Trois-Domaines" title="Les Trois-Domaines">Les Trois-Domaines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tronville-en-Barrois" title="Tronville-en-Barrois">Tronville-en-Barrois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troussey" title="Troussey">Troussey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troyon" title="Troyon">Troyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugny-sur-Meuse" title="Ugny-sur-Meuse">Ugny-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacherauville" title="Vacherauville">Vacherauville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadelaincourt" title="Vadelaincourt">Vadelaincourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadonville" title="Vadonville">Vadonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val-d%27Ornain" title="Val-d'Ornain">Val-d'Ornain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valbois" title="Valbois">Valbois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varennes-en-Argonne" title="Varennes-en-Argonne">Varennes-en-Argonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varn%C3%A9ville" title="Varnéville">Varnéville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vassincourt" title="Vassincourt">Vassincourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaubecourt" title="Vaubecourt">Vaubecourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaucouleurs" title="Vaucouleurs">Vaucouleurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaudeville-le-Haut" title="Vaudeville-le-Haut">Vaudeville-le-Haut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaudoncourt,_Meuse" title="Vaudoncourt, Meuse">Vaudoncourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauquois" title="Vauquois">Vauquois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaux-l%C3%A8s-Palameix" title="Vaux-lès-Palameix">Vaux-lès-Palameix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vavincourt" title="Vavincourt">Vavincourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velaines" title="Velaines">Velaines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velosnes" title="Velosnes">Velosnes</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Verdun</a><sup>subpr</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verneuil-Grand" title="Verneuil-Grand">Verneuil-Grand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verneuil-Petit" title="Verneuil-Petit">Verneuil-Petit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9ry" title="Véry">Véry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigneulles-l%C3%A8s-Hattonch%C3%A2tel" title="Vigneulles-lès-Hattonchâtel">Vigneulles-lès-Hattonchâtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigneul-sous-Montm%C3%A9dy" title="Vigneul-sous-Montmédy">Vigneul-sous-Montmédy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vignot" title="Vignot">Vignot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vill%C3%A9cloye" title="Villécloye">Villécloye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ville-devant-Belrain" title="Ville-devant-Belrain">Ville-devant-Belrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ville-devant-Chaumont" title="Ville-devant-Chaumont">Ville-devant-Chaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ville-en-Wo%C3%ABvre" title="Ville-en-Woëvre">Ville-en-Woëvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeroy-sur-M%C3%A9holle" title="Villeroy-sur-Méholle">Villeroy-sur-Méholle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villers-aux-Vents" title="Villers-aux-Vents">Villers-aux-Vents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villers-devant-Dun" title="Villers-devant-Dun">Villers-devant-Dun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villers-le-Sec,_Meuse" title="Villers-le-Sec, Meuse">Villers-le-Sec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villers-l%C3%A8s-Mangiennes" title="Villers-lès-Mangiennes">Villers-lès-Mangiennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villers-sous-Pareid" title="Villers-sous-Pareid">Villers-sous-Pareid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villers-sur-Meuse" title="Villers-sur-Meuse">Villers-sur-Meuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ville-sur-Cousances" title="Ville-sur-Cousances">Ville-sur-Cousances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ville-sur-Saulx" title="Ville-sur-Saulx">Ville-sur-Saulx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villotte-devant-Louppy" title="Villotte-devant-Louppy">Villotte-devant-Louppy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villotte-sur-Aire" title="Villotte-sur-Aire">Villotte-sur-Aire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilosnes-Haraumont" title="Vilosnes-Haraumont">Vilosnes-Haraumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittarville" title="Vittarville">Vittarville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Void-Vacon" title="Void-Vacon">Void-Vacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vouthon-Bas" title="Vouthon-Bas">Vouthon-Bas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vouthon-Haut" title="Vouthon-Haut">Vouthon-Haut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waly,_Meuse" title="Waly, Meuse">Waly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warcq,_Meuse" title="Warcq, Meuse">Warcq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watronville" title="Watronville">Watronville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavrille" title="Wavrille">Wavrille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willeroncourt" title="Willeroncourt">Willeroncourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiseppe" title="Wiseppe">Wiseppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wo%C3%ABl" title="Woël">Woël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woimbey" title="Woimbey">Woimbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xivray-et-Marvoisin" title="Xivray-et-Marvoisin">Xivray-et-Marvoisin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>pref</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a></li> <li><sup>subpr</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">subprefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154748#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154748#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154748#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/124087015">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/170133269">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4062709-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83068520">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15265210h">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15265210h">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Verdun (Francie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge398844&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007555102805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/a3adf012-261e-4733-b52d-e2950c7a147f">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/109435">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Verdun&oldid=1259181253">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Verdun&oldid=1259181253</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Communes_of_Meuse_(department)" title="Category:Communes of Meuse (department)">Communes of Meuse (department)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Virtuti_Militari" title="Category:Recipients of the Virtuti Militari">Recipients of the 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