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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B8" title="قاموس علم اشتقاق الألفاظ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قاموس علم اشتقاق الألفاظ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Online Etymology Dictionary" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Online Etymology Dictionary" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Online Etymology Dictionary" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Online Etymology Dictionary" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%98%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="واژه‌نامه برخط ریشه‌شناسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="واژه‌نامه برخط ریشه‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Online Etymology Dictionary" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B8_%EC%96%B4%EC%9B%90_%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84" title="온라인 어원 사전 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="온라인 어원 사전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamus_Etimologi_Daring" title="Kamus Etimologi Daring – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kamus Etimologi Daring" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Online Etymology Dictionary" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Online Etymology Dictionary" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC" title="オンライン・エティモロジー・ディクショナリー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オンライン・エティモロジー・ディクショナリー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Online Etymology Dictionary" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Online Etymology Dictionary" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Online Etymology Dictionary" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Online Etymology Dictionary" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E7%BA%BF%E8%AF%8D%E6%BA%90%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" title="在线词源词典 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="在线词源词典" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1188617#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org"><i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Online_Etymology_Dictionary.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c8/Online_Etymology_Dictionary.jpg/220px-Online_Etymology_Dictionary.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c8/Online_Etymology_Dictionary.jpg/330px-Online_Etymology_Dictionary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c8/Online_Etymology_Dictionary.jpg/440px-Online_Etymology_Dictionary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Etymonline.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Etymonline.png/300px-Etymonline.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e0/Etymonline.png 1.5x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="255" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Screenshot of the homepage in 2007</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type of business</th><td class="infobox-data category">Private</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Type of site</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Etymological_dictionary" title="Etymological dictionary">Etymological dictionary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2000</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline;" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster, Pennsylvania">Lancaster, Pennsylvania</a></div>, <div style="display:inline;" class="country-name">United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data">Harper Family LLC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Key people</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Douglas Harper<br />(Founder)</li><li>Dan McCormack<br />(web design and coding)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">URL</th><td class="infobox-data url"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/">www<wbr />.etymonline<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Registration</th><td class="infobox-data">no</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Current status</th><td class="infobox-data category">active</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <i><b>Online Etymology Dictionary</b></i> or <i><b>Etymonline</b></i>, sometimes abbreviated as <b>OED</b> (not to be confused with the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>, which the site often cites), is a free <a href="/wiki/Online_dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Online dictionary">online dictionary</a> that describes the <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">origins</a> of <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> <a href="/wiki/Word" title="Word">words</a>, written and compiled by Douglas R. Harper.<sup id="cite_ref-Ohio_U_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ohio_U-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Online_Etymology_Dictionary&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Douglas R. Harper, an <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> historian and copy editor for <a href="/wiki/LNP_Media_Group" title="LNP Media Group">LNP Media Group</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-journal.orton-gillingham.com_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journal.orton-gillingham.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> compiled the etymology dictionary to record the history and evolution of more than 50,000 words, including slang and technical terms.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The core body of its etymology information stems from <i>The Barnhart Dictionary of Etymology</i> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Barnhart" title="Robert Barnhart">Robert Barnhart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Klein" title="Ernest Klein">Ernest Klein</a>'s <i>Comprehensive Etymology Dictionary of the English Language</i>, <i>The Middle English Compendium</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_English_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="The Oxford English Dictionary">The Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>, and the 1889–1902 <i><a href="/wiki/Century_Dictionary" title="Century Dictionary">Century Dictionary</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harper also researches on <a href="/wiki/Digital_archive" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital archive">digital archives</a>. On the <i>Etymonline</i> homepage, Harper says that he considers himself "essentially and for the most part" a compiler and evaluator of etymology research made by others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reviews_and_reputation">Reviews and reputation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Online_Etymology_Dictionary&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reviews and reputation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i> has been referenced by <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a>'s "Arts and Humanities Community Resource" catalog as "an excellent tool for those seeking the origins of words"<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and cited in the <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i> as one of the "best resources for finding just the right word".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is cited in academic work as a useful, though not definitive, reference for etymology.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, it has been used as a data source for quantitative scholarly research.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Online_Etymology_Dictionary&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ohio_U-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ohio_U_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070211224701/http://infotree.library.ohiou.edu/single-records/2705.html">"Online Etymology Dictionary"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ohio_University" title="Ohio University">Ohio University</a>. 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infotree.library.ohiou.edu/single-records/2705.html">the original</a> on 2007-02-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-01-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.pub=Ohio+University&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfotree.library.ohiou.edu%2Fsingle-records%2F2705.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnline+Etymology+Dictionary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-journal.orton-gillingham.com-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-journal.orton-gillingham.com_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journal.orton-gillingham.com/qa-with-douglas-harper-creator-of-the-online-etymology-dictionary/">"Q&A With Douglas Harper: Creator of the Online Etymology Dictionary – IMSE – Journal"</a>. 18 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-03-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Q%26A+With+Douglas+Harper%3A+Creator+of+the+Online+Etymology+Dictionary+%E2%80%93+IMSE+%E2%80%93+Journal&rft.date=2015-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.orton-gillingham.com%2Fqa-with-douglas-harper-creator-of-the-online-etymology-dictionary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnline+Etymology+Dictionary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lancasteronline.com/site/contact.html">"Contact Us"</a>. <i>LancasterOnline</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-03-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LancasterOnline&rft.atitle=Contact+Us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flancasteronline.com%2Fsite%2Fcontact.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnline+Etymology+Dictionary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/">"Home Page"</a>. Online Etymology Dictionary<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home+Page&rft.pub=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnline+Etymology+Dictionary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The dictionary's principal sources appear at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/sources.php">Sources @ Online Etymology Dictionary</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arch.oucs.ox.ac.uk/detail/96011/index.html">"Online etymology dictionary"</a>. <i>Arts and Humanities Community Resource</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-03-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Internet+has+best+resources+for+finding+just+the+right+word&rft.date=2007-01-03&rft.aulast=Bierma&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2F2007%2F01%2F03%2Finternet-has-best-resources-for-finding-just-the-right-word%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOnline+Etymology+Dictionary" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaluzziFernandez-MirandaTorrentiGardner2012" class="citation journal cs1">Paluzzi, Alessandro; Fernandez-Miranda, Juan; Torrenti, Matthew; Gardner, Paul (2012). 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