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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-氣候" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#氣候"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>氣候</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-氣候-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-教育" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#教育"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>教育</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-教育-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">摩苏尔</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。103种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-103" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">103种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosoel" title="Mosoel – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mosoel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84" title="الموصل – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الموصل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%98%DC%A8%DC%A0" title="ܡܘܨܠ – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܘܨܠ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84" title="الموصل – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الموصل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84" title="موصول – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="موصول" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Мосул – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мосул" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Масул – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Масул" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Мосул – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мосул" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="मोसुल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मोसुल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2" title="মসুল – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মসুল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosoul" title="Mosoul – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mosoul" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mossul" title="Mossul – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mossul" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Мовсил – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Мовсил" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul_(kapital_sa_lalawigan)" title="Mosul (kapital sa lalawigan) – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mosul (kapital sa lalawigan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%B5" title="مووسڵ – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مووسڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mossul" title="Mossul – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mossul" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C4%B1l" title="Musıl – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Musıl" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B7" title="Μοσούλη – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μοσούλη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosulo" title="Mosulo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mosulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84" title="موصل – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موصل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mossoul" title="Mossoul – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mossoul" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9C" title="מוסול – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוסול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="मोसुल – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मोसुल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moszul" title="Moszul – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Moszul" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC" title="Մոսուլ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մոսուլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3s%C3%BAl" title="Mósúl – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mósúl" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AB" title="モースル – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モースル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="მოსული – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მოსული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Мосул – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мосул" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EC%88%A0" title="모술 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모술" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BBsil" title="Mûsil – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mûsil" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Мосул – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мосул" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausilium" title="Mausilium – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mausilium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosoel" title="Mosoel – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Mosoel" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mossul" title="Mossul – 伦巴第语" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mossul" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="伦巴第语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosulas" title="Mosulas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mosulas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosula" title="Mosula – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mosula" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Мосул – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Мосул" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 毛利语" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="毛利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BE" title="മൊസൂൾ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മൊസൂൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Мосул – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мосул" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="मोसुल – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मोसुल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84" title="موصل – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="موصل" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosoel" title="Mosoel – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mosoel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mossol" title="Mossol – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mossol" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Мосул – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мосул" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2" title="ਮੋਸਲ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੋਸਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84" title="موصل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="موصل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mossul" title="Mossul – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mossul" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Мосул – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мосул" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mossul" title="Mossul – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Mossul" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mowsil" title="Mowsil – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Mowsil" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Мосул – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мосул" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="மோசுல் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மோசுல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Мавсил – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мавсил" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5" title="โมซูล – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โมซูล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musul" title="Musul – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Musul" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Мосул – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мосул" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%DB%8B%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%84" title="مەۋسىل – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مەۋسىل" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Мосул – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мосул" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84" title="موصل – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="موصل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94" title="摩苏尔 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="摩苏尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="მოსული – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მოსული" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9C" title="מאסול – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאסול" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosoel" title="Mosoel – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Mosoel" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul" title="Mosul – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Mosul" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%98%87%E7%88%BE" title="摩蘇爾 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="摩蘇爾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q83317#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project:上传" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94&oldid=85931000" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94&id=85931000&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%2591%25A9%25E8%258B%258F%25E5%25B0%2594"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%2591%25A9%25E8%258B%258F%25E5%25B0%2594"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mosul" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q83317" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%9D%90%E6%A0%87" class="mw-redirect" title="地理坐标">坐标</a>：<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94&params=36_22_N_43_07_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">36°22′N</span> <span class="longitude">43°07′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">36.367°N 43.117°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.367; 43.117</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67735281">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:23em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap"><span class="fn org">摩蘇爾</span><br /><span class="nickname"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl" title="阿拉伯語文本">الموصل</span>‎</span></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70089473/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:267px;max-width:267px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:81px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tigris_river_Mosul.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Tigris river" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Tigris_river_Mosul.jpg/140px-Tigris_river_Mosul.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Tigris_river_Mosul.jpg/210px-Tigris_river_Mosul.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Tigris_river_Mosul.jpg/280px-Tigris_river_Mosul.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="290" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:121px;max-width:121px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:81px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%89_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Shrine of Imam Yahya Abu al-Qasim of religious monuments" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%89_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4.jpg/119px-%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%89_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%89_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4.jpg/179px-%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%89_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%89_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4.jpg/238px-%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%89_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2562" data-file-height="1745" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:148px;max-width:148px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:84px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adad_gate_exterior_entrance_north3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Adad gate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Adad_gate_exterior_entrance_north3.JPG/146px-Adad_gate_exterior_entrance_north3.JPG" decoding="async" width="146" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Adad_gate_exterior_entrance_north3.JPG/219px-Adad_gate_exterior_entrance_north3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Adad_gate_exterior_entrance_north3.JPG/292px-Adad_gate_exterior_entrance_north3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1246" data-file-height="719" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:115px;max-width:115px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:84px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bashtabia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bashtabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bashtabia.jpg/113px-Bashtabia.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bashtabia.jpg/170px-Bashtabia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bashtabia.jpg/226px-Bashtabia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:265px;max-width:265px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:131px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Old Bridge of Mosul" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84.jpg/263px-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84.jpg" decoding="async" width="263" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84.jpg/395px-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84.jpg/526px-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84.jpg 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="357" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r66786032">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iraq_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="摩蘇爾在伊拉克的位置"><img alt="摩蘇爾在伊拉克的位置" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Iraq_location_map.svg/300px-Iraq_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Iraq_location_map.svg/450px-Iraq_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Iraq_location_map.svg/600px-Iraq_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1241" data-file-height="1264" /></a></span><div class="od notheme mw-no-invert" style="top:14.337%;left:44.921%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="摩蘇爾"><img alt="摩蘇爾" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="font-size:91%;width:6em;left:4px"><div>摩蘇爾</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">坐标：<span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94&params=36.37_N_43.12_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">36°22′N</span> <span class="longitude">43°07′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">36.37°N 43.12°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.37; 43.12</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">國家</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="伊拉克">伊拉克</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">省</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%AE%E7%9C%81" title="尼尼微省">尼尼微省</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">縣</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">摩蘇爾縣</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">人口<span style="font-weight:normal">（2015年）</span></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%BA" title="市区">市区</a><span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">664,221</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E5%8C%BA" title="时区">时区</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">GMT +3</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Mosul.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Map_of_Mosul.svg/220px-Map_of_Mosul.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Map_of_Mosul.svg/330px-Map_of_Mosul.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Map_of_Mosul.svg/440px-Map_of_Mosul.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3750" data-file-height="4143" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>摩苏尔</b>（阿拉伯语：<span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><b>الموصل</b></span>‎ <i><span lang="ar-Latn" title="DIN 31635 阿拉伯语" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">al-Mawṣil</span></i>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E7%B1%B3%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉米语">阿拉米语</a>：<span lang="arc"><b>ܡܘܨܠ</b></span>‎，中文古称<b>毛夕里</b>），是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="伊拉克">伊拉克</a>北部城市，位于<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E8%BE%BE" title="巴格达">巴格达</a>西北396公里，为<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%AE%E7%9C%81" title="尼尼微省">尼尼微省</a>首府，市区跨<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%B2%B3" title="底格里斯河">底格里斯河</a>两岸。<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E7%BA%B9%E7%BB%86%E5%B8%83" title="平纹细布">平纹细布</a>（Muslin）是摩苏尔的特产，因此地而得名，另外，摩苏尔的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%90%86%E7%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="大理石">大理石</a>也很有名。 </p><p>《事林广纪》，《岭外代答》，《南海志》作勿斯离，《诸蕃志》作勿厮离，《岛夷志异》作麻呵斯离，《元史》作毛夕里 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>摩苏尔前身是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E8%BF%B0%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="亚述帝国">亚述帝国</a>古都<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%AE" title="尼尼微">尼尼微</a>，亚述帝国崩溃后先后为<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="波斯帝国">波斯帝国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="马其顿帝国">马其顿帝国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%90%89%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="塞琉古帝国">塞琉古帝国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E7%8F%8A%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="萨珊王朝">萨珊王朝</a>征服。637年摩苏尔被<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="阿拉伯帝国">阿拉伯帝国</a>征服，从此被<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰化</a>，但当地仍保留了规模较大的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E8%BF%B0%E4%BA%BA" title="亚述人">亚述人</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%BE%92" title="基督徒">基督徒</a>社区。13世纪<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古帝国">蒙古帝国</a>军队一度摧毁该城，但不久<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%84%BF%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="伊儿汗国">伊儿汗国</a>将其重建。在伊儿汗国崩溃后，该城又归属于<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="奥斯曼帝国">奥斯曼帝国</a>，作为北部伊拉克的首府。1918年奥斯曼帝国崩溃，摩苏尔成为新成立的伊拉克的一部分，并在1926年得到了<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="国际联盟">国际联盟</a>的确认。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E8%BE%BE%E5%A7%86" class="mw-redirect" title="萨达姆">萨达姆</a>统治初期，该城的主要居民是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E5%BE%B7%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="庫德族">库尔德族</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E8%BF%B0%E4%BA%BA" title="亚述人">亚述人</a>。但是由于库尔德族其对中央政府的反抗不断被镇压，大批居民被迫迁出该城。现在摩苏尔的主要民族是阿拉伯人、库尔德人和亚述人。其中亚述人使用现代<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E7%B1%B3%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉米语">阿拉米语</a>。自从2003年美军占领伊拉克以来，由于动乱和教派矛盾等原因，不断有当地居民逃到邻国或西方国家，其中亚述人居多。 </p><p>2014年6月「<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭國">伊斯蘭國</a>」的武裝分子<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%98%87%E7%88%BE%E9%99%B7%E8%90%BD" title="摩蘇爾陷落">攻佔摩蘇爾</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，約50萬人逃離該城<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。當年7月伊斯蘭國發出最後通牒，要求城市內的基督徒改信伊斯蘭教或繳交<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E8%8C%B2%E4%BA%9E" title="吉茲亞">宗教稅</a>，否則将殺死他們，基督徒被迫逃到<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="伊拉克库尔德斯坦">庫德斯坦</a>。 </p><p>2016年3月伊拉克政府軍在美軍支援下發起<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E6%91%A9%E8%98%87%E7%88%BE" title="解放摩蘇爾">解放摩蘇爾</a>的軍事攻勢<sup id="cite_ref-cnn20160711_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn20160711-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，直到2017年7月伊拉克才<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%98%87%E7%88%BE%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="摩蘇爾戰役">收復摩蘇爾</a>。根據<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國">聯合國</a>報告，經過三年戰火，有超過89萬7千位原本居住在摩蘇爾的人民逃離此城市，摩蘇爾舊城區有將近65％的建築物被摧毀，連同附近城鎮估計有70％建築物、道路等基礎建設遭到完全破壞<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense.gov_News_Photo_110202-A-8572M-042_-_U.S._Army_Sgt._Kevin_Murphy_right_instructs_Iraqi_army_soldiers_on_individual_movement_techniques_during_a_class_at_the_Ghuzlani_Warrior_Training.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="美軍在當地訓練軍隊(2011)"><img alt="美軍在當地訓練軍隊(2011)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Defense.gov_News_Photo_110202-A-8572M-042_-_U.S._Army_Sgt._Kevin_Murphy_right_instructs_Iraqi_army_soldiers_on_individual_movement_techniques_during_a_class_at_the_Ghuzlani_Warrior_Training.jpg/120px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Defense.gov_News_Photo_110202-A-8572M-042_-_U.S._Army_Sgt._Kevin_Murphy_right_instructs_Iraqi_army_soldiers_on_individual_movement_techniques_during_a_class_at_the_Ghuzlani_Warrior_Training.jpg/180px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Defense.gov_News_Photo_110503-A-RH393-131_-_U.S._Army_soldiers_with_the_214th_Military_Police_Company_provide_medical_supplies_to_the_Tal_Kayf_clinic_in_Tal_Kayf_district_Mosul_Iraq_in.jpg/120px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Defense.gov_News_Photo_110503-A-RH393-131_-_U.S._Army_soldiers_with_the_214th_Military_Police_Company_provide_medical_supplies_to_the_Tal_Kayf_clinic_in_Tal_Kayf_district_Mosul_Iraq_in.jpg/180px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Defense.gov_News_Photo_110503-A-RH393-131_-_U.S._Army_soldiers_with_the_214th_Military_Police_Company_provide_medical_supplies_to_the_Tal_Kayf_clinic_in_Tal_Kayf_district_Mosul_Iraq_in.jpg/240px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5292" data-file-height="3450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">美軍將醫療品搬入摩苏尔憲兵總部(2011)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosul_Grand_Mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="摩苏尔大清真寺"><img alt="摩苏尔大清真寺" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Mosul_Grand_Mosque.jpg/120px-Mosul_Grand_Mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Mosul_Grand_Mosque.jpg/180px-Mosul_Grand_Mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Mosul_Grand_Mosque.jpg/240px-Mosul_Grand_Mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">摩苏尔大清真寺</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Latin_Church,_Mosul,_1940s-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1940年的摩苏尔"><img alt="1940年的摩苏尔" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Latin_Church%2C_Mosul%2C_1940s-3.jpg/120px-Latin_Church%2C_Mosul%2C_1940s-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Latin_Church%2C_Mosul%2C_1940s-3.jpg/180px-Latin_Church%2C_Mosul%2C_1940s-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Latin_Church%2C_Mosul%2C_1940s-3.jpg/240px-Latin_Church%2C_Mosul%2C_1940s-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="593" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1940年的摩苏尔</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pechmerga_2003.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="當地安全部隊"><img alt="當地安全部隊" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Pechmerga_2003.jpg/120px-Pechmerga_2003.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Pechmerga_2003.jpg/180px-Pechmerga_2003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Pechmerga_2003.jpg/240px-Pechmerga_2003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2316" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">當地安全部隊</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_soldier_hands_out_a_newspaper_to_a_local_Aug_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="美軍心戰傳單"><img alt="美軍心戰傳單" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/US_Army_soldier_hands_out_a_newspaper_to_a_local_Aug_2004.jpg/120px-US_Army_soldier_hands_out_a_newspaper_to_a_local_Aug_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/US_Army_soldier_hands_out_a_newspaper_to_a_local_Aug_2004.jpg/180px-US_Army_soldier_hands_out_a_newspaper_to_a_local_Aug_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/US_Army_soldier_hands_out_a_newspaper_to_a_local_Aug_2004.jpg/240px-US_Army_soldier_hands_out_a_newspaper_to_a_local_Aug_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1981" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">美軍心戰傳單</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_fighting_Mosul.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="伊拉克戰爭時期的摩苏尔街頭戰"><img alt="伊拉克戰爭時期的摩苏尔街頭戰" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Street_fighting_Mosul.jpg/120px-Street_fighting_Mosul.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Street_fighting_Mosul.jpg/180px-Street_fighting_Mosul.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Street_fighting_Mosul.jpg/240px-Street_fighting_Mosul.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3216" data-file-height="2136" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">伊拉克戰爭時期的摩苏尔街頭戰</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="氣候"><span id=".E6.B0.A3.E5.80.99"></span>氣候</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：氣候"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height: 1.2em; margin:;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">摩苏尔 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">月份 </th> <th scope="col">1月 </th> <th scope="col">2月 </th> <th scope="col">3月 </th> <th scope="col">4月 </th> <th scope="col">5月 </th> <th scope="col">6月 </th> <th scope="col">7月 </th> <th scope="col">8月 </th> <th scope="col">9月 </th> <th scope="col">10月 </th> <th scope="col">11月 </th> <th scope="col">12月 </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">全年 </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">历史最高温 °C（°F） </th> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8<br />(89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.5<br />(95.9) </td> <td style="background: #EB0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.9<br />(109.2) </td> <td style="background: #DB0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.1<br />(111.4) </td> <td style="background: #A80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47.8<br />(118.0) </td> <td style="background: #930000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49.3<br />(120.7) </td> <td style="background: #BF0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.1<br />(115.0) </td> <td style="background: #F50000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.2<br />(108.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5<br />(90.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #930000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">49.3<br />(120.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均高温 °C（°F） </th> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9<br />(91.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.6<br />(103.3) </td> <td style="background: #E40000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.4<br />(110.1) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43<br />(109) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.7<br />(101.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2<br />(88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15<br />(59) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均低温 °C（°F） </th> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15<br />(59) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7<br />(45) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.7<br />(53.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">历史最低温 °C（°F） </th> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.6<br />(0.3) </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.3<br />(9.9) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.8<br />(21.6) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.0<br />(24.8) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.6<br />(27.3) </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.1<br />(21.0) </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.4<br />(4.3) </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−17.6<br />(0.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E6%B0%B4%E9%87%8F" title="降水量">降水量</a> mm（英寸） </th> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.1<br />(2.44) </td> <td style="background: #98FF98; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.7<br />(2.47) </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.2<br />(2.49) </td> <td style="background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.1<br />(1.74) </td> <td style="background: #E8FFE8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(0.60) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(0.04) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(0.01) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(0.01) </td> <td style="background: #EDFFED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(0.46) </td> <td style="background: #B9FFB9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.0<br />(1.77) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.9<br />(2.28) </td> <td style="background: #D1FFD1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">363.6<br />(14.31) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均降水天数 </th> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">71 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">数据来源1：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="世界气象组织">世界气象组织</a> (UN)<sup id="cite_ref-WMO_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMO-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">数据来源2：<i>Weatherbase</i> (extremes only)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="教育"><span id=".E6.95.99.E8.82.B2"></span>教育</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：教育"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>伊斯蘭國攻佔摩蘇爾後，該市的學校採取男女隔離的方式授課。該城市最大的大學<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%98%87%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="摩蘇爾大學">摩蘇爾大學</a>于2014年被伊斯蘭國關閉，及後於2017年伊拉克軍隊從伊斯蘭國手中奪回控制權後重開。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-27778112">Iraq militants seize second city of Mosul</a>. BBC News. 2014-06-10 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-06-10</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210307224845/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-27778112">存档</a>于2021-03-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94&rft.atitle=Iraq+militants+seize+second+city+of+Mosul&rft.date=2014-06-10&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-27778112&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/zhongwen/trad/world/2014/06/140612_iraq_attacks_un.shtml">聯合國譴責伊拉克激進民兵襲擊</a>. BBC. 2014-06-12 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-06-23</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140615155002/http://www.bbc.co.uk/zhongwen/trad/world/2014/06/140612_iraq_attacks_un.shtml">存档</a>于2014-06-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94&rft.atitle=%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E8%AD%B4%E8%B2%AC%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%BF%80%E9%80%B2%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B5%E8%A5%B2%E6%93%8A&rft.date=2014-06-12&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fzhongwen%2Ftrad%2Fworld%2F2014%2F06%2F140612_iraq_attacks_un.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnn20160711-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cnn20160711_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/11/middleeast/iraq-mosul-isis-conflict-explainer/">Will ISIS be pushed easily from Mosul after 'mother of all battles'?</a>. CNN. 2016-07-11 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-07-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201130044932/https://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/11/middleeast/iraq-mosul-isis-conflict-explainer/">存档</a>于2020-11-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94&rft.atitle=Will+ISIS+be+pushed+easily+from+Mosul+after+%27mother+of+all+battles%27%3F&rft.date=2016-07-11&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2016%2F07%2F11%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq-mosul-isis-conflict-explainer%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tw.mobi.yahoo.com/news/伊拉克正式宣布收復摩蘇爾-數十萬難民釀人道危機-042200080.html">伊拉克正式宣布收復摩蘇爾數十萬難民釀人道危機</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190520054017/https://tw.mobi.yahoo.com/news/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%AD%A3%E5%BC%8F%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83%E6%94%B6%E5%BE%A9%E6%91%A9%E8%98%87%E7%88%BE-%E6%95%B8%E5%8D%81%E8%90%AC%E9%9B%A3%E6%B0%91%E9%87%80%E4%BA%BA%E9%81%93%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F-042200080.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），上報，2017-7-11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WMO-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WMO_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldweather.wmo.int/154/c01467.htm">World Weather Information Service – Mosul</a>. United Nations. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2011]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190522101915/http://worldweather.wmo.int/154/c01467.htm">存档</a>于2019-05-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94&rft.btitle=World+Weather+Information+Service+%E2%80%93+Mosul&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldweather.wmo.int%2F154%2Fc01467.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=80604">Mosul, Iraq Travel Weather Averages</a>. Weatherbase. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-12-19</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210123120646/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=80604">存档</a>于2021-01-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94&rft.btitle=Mosul%2C+Iraq+Travel+Weather+Averages&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Weatherbase&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatherbase.com%2Fweather%2Fweather.php3%3Fs%3D80604&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.com/isis-takeover-iraq-mosul-university-students-faculty-uncertain-about-future-higher-1731468">ISIS Takeover In Iraq: Mosul University Students, Faculty Uncertain About The Future Of Higher Education</a>. IBT. 3 December 2014 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-03-06</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924122929/http://www.ibtimes.com/isis-takeover-iraq-mosul-university-students-faculty-uncertain-about-future-higher-1731468">存档</a>于2015-09-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94&rft.atitle=ISIS+Takeover+In+Iraq%3A+Mosul+University+Students%2C+Faculty+Uncertain+About+The+Future+Of+Higher+Education&rft.date=2014-12-03&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.com%2Fisis-takeover-iraq-mosul-university-students-faculty-uncertain-about-future-higher-1731468&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%9D%90%E6%A0%87" class="mw-redirect" title="地理坐标">地理坐标</a>：<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82757201"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E6%91%A9%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94&params=36_22_N_43_07_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">36°22′N</span> <span class="longitude">43°07′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">36.367°N 43.117°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.367; 43.117</span></span></span></a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304210254/http://ninava-explorer.com/maryam%20final/maryampage-en/index.html">ninava-explorer</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121216094525/http://www.iraqimage.com/pages/browse/Mosul.html">Iraq Image – Mosul Satellite Observation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/mosul_2003.jpg">Detailed map of Mosul</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171010065814/http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/mosul_2003.jpg">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） by the National Imagery and Mapping Agency, from lib.utexas.edu</li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | 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autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83317#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83317#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1202687/">FAST</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/126635658">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJg4t6CcrqJ8f38kMYm8G3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX6084748">西班牙</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122906605">法国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122906605">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4102240-3">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007554832805171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50005853">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Mosul (Irák)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge796632&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地理</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/2fc851bf-a0cd-4dc3-8894-46aa5c647ca6">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031748856">IdRef</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=摩苏尔&oldid=85931000">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=摩苏尔&oldid=85931000</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="Category:伊拉克城市">伊拉克城市</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%91%A9%E8%98%87%E7%88%BE" title="Category:摩蘇爾">摩蘇爾</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BA%9A%E8%BF%B0" 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