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<li id="toc-Colonial_currencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_currencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Colonial currencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_currencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Province_of_Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Province_of_Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Province of Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Province_of_Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maritime_colonies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maritime_colonies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Maritime colonies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maritime_colonies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Newfoundland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newfoundland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Newfoundland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newfoundland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Columbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Columbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>British Columbia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Columbia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-Confederation_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-Confederation_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Post-Confederation history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-Confederation_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Terminology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Coins</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Coins-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Coins subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Coins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coin_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coin_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Coin history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coin_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Banknotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banknotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Banknotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Banknotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_tender" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_tender"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legal tender</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_tender-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Value" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Value"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Value</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Value-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reserve_currency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reserve_currency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Reserve currency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reserve_currency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exchange_rates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exchange_rates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Exchange rates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exchange_rates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Canadian dollar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 77 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadese_dollar" title="Kanadese dollar – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kanadese dollar" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="دولار كندي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دولار كندي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_canadianu" title="Dólar canadianu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dólar canadianu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanada_dollar%C4%B1" title="Kanada dolları – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kanada dolları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کانادا دولاری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کانادا دولاری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="কানাডীয় ডলার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কানাডীয় ডলার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_dollar" title="Canada dollar – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Canada dollar" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Канадскі долар – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Канадскі долар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Канадски долар – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Канадски долар" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadski_dolar" title="Kanadski dolar – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kanadski dolar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B2lar_canadenc" title="Dòlar canadenc – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dòlar canadenc" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadsk%C3%BD_dolar" title="Kanadský dolar – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kanadský dolar" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadiske_dollar" title="Canadiske dollar – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Canadiske dollar" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadischer_Dollar" title="Kanadischer Dollar – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kanadischer Dollar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanada_dollar" title="Kanada dollar – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kanada dollar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%AC" title="Δολάριο Καναδά – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δολάριο Καναδά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_canadiense" title="Dólar canadiense – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dólar canadiense" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanada_dolaro" title="Kanada dolaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kanada dolaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolar_kanadar" title="Dolar kanadar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dolar kanadar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="دلار کانادا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دلار کانادا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadiskur_dollari" title="Kanadiskur dollari – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kanadiskur dollari" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_canadien" title="Dollar canadien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dollar canadien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadeeske_dollar" title="Kanadeeske dollar – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kanadeeske dollar" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_canadense" title="Dólar canadense – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dólar canadense" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A2-n%C3%A2-thai_dollar" title="Kâ-nâ-thai dollar – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kâ-nâ-thai dollar" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%90%EB%82%98%EB%8B%A4_%EB%8B%AC%EB%9F%AC" title="캐나다 달러 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캐나다 달러" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Կանադական դոլար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կանադական դոլար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0" title="कैनिडियाई डॉलर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कैनिडियाई डॉलर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadski_dolar" title="Kanadski dolar – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kanadski dolar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="কানাডিয়ান ডলার – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="কানাডিয়ান ডলার" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolar_Kanada" title="Dolar Kanada – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dolar Kanada" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_canadian" title="Dollar canadian – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Dollar canadian" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollaro_canadese" title="Dollaro canadese – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dollaro canadese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A8_%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99" title="דולר קנדי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דולר קנדי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Канада доллары – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Канада доллары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Канадаса доллар – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Канадаса доллар" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolar%C3%AA_kanaday%C3%AE" title="Dolarê kanadayî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dolarê kanadayî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolar_de_Kanada" title="Dolar de Kanada – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Dolar de Kanada" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kan%C4%81das_dol%C4%81rs" title="Kanādas dolārs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kanādas dolārs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanados_doleris" title="Kanados doleris – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kanados doleris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadai_doll%C3%A1r" title="Kanadai dollár – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kanadai dollár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Канадски долар – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Канадски долар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0" title="कॅनेडियन डॉलर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कॅनेडियन डॉलर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89" title="دولار كندى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دولار كندى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolar_Kanada" title="Dolar Kanada – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dolar Kanada" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%83-n%C4%81-d%C3%A2i_dollar" title="Gă-nā-dâi dollar – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gă-nā-dâi dollar" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadese_dollar" title="Canadese dollar – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Canadese dollar" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A%E3%83%80%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB" title="カナダドル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カナダドル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadisk_dollar" title="Canadisk dollar – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Canadisk dollar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanada_dollari" title="Kanada dollari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kanada dollari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B0" title="ਕੈਨੇਡੀਆਈ ਡਾਲਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੈਨੇਡੀਆਈ ਡਾਲਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1" title="کینیڈین ڈالر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کینیڈین ڈالر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolar_kanadyjski" title="Dolar kanadyjski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dolar kanadyjski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B3lar_canadense" title="Dólar canadense – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dólar canadense" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolar_canadian" title="Dolar canadian – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dolar canadian" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Канадский доллар – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Канадский доллар" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Canadian dollar" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollari_Kanadez" title="Dollari Kanadez – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dollari Kanadez" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Canadian dollar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadsk%C3%BD_dol%C3%A1r" title="Kanadský dolár – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kanadský dolár" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadski_dolar" title="Kanadski dolar – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kanadski dolar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Канадски долар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Канадски долар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadski_dolar" title="Kanadski dolar – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kanadski dolar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadan_dollari" title="Kanadan dollari – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kanadan dollari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadensisk_dollar" title="Kanadensisk dollar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kanadensisk dollar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="கனடா டொலர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கனடா டொலர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2" title="ดอลลาร์แคนาดา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดอลลาร์แคนาดา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Доллари Канада – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Доллари Канада" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanada_dolar%C4%B1" title="Kanada doları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kanada doları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Канадський долар – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Канадський долар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1" title="کینیڈین ڈالر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کینیڈین ڈالر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4_la_Canada" title="Đô la Canada – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đô la Canada" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%83" title="加拿大元 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="加拿大元" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8D%CC%81l%C3%A0_K%C3%A1n%C3%A1d%C3%A0" title="Dọ́là Kánádà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Dọ́là Kánádà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%83" title="加拿大元 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="加拿大元" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadas_duoleris" title="Kanadas duoleris – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kanadas duoleris" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%83" title="加拿大元 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加拿大元" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=CAD$&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="CAD$">CAD$</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Currency of Canada</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Canadian dollar</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Dollar canadien</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:small; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span> <div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">Can$, C$, CA$, CDN$, CAD</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_Frontier_Banknotes_faces.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/92/Canadian_Frontier_Banknotes_faces.png/252px-Canadian_Frontier_Banknotes_faces.png" decoding="async" width="252" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/92/Canadian_Frontier_Banknotes_faces.png 1.5x" data-file-width="371" data-file-height="268" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">2011 <a href="/wiki/Frontier_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Frontier series">Frontier series</a> (polymer notes)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue"><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Code</th><td class="infobox-data">CAD (numeric: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">124</span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217#Minor_unit_decimals" title="ISO 4217">Subunit</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6998100000000000000♠"></span>0.01</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue">Unit</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data">dollar</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Currency_symbol" title="Currency symbol">Symbol</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Dollar_sign" title="Dollar sign">$</a></span>‎</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nickname</th><td class="infobox-data">Loonie, <a href="/wiki/Dollar" title="Dollar">buck</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span> <br /> <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Huard, <a href="/wiki/Piastre" title="Piastre">piastre</a></i></span> (pronounced <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">piasse</i></span> in popular usage) <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue"><a href="/wiki/Denomination_(currency)" title="Denomination (currency)">Denominations</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subunit</th><td class="infobox-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">100</span></span></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cent_(currency)" title="Cent (currency)">Cent</a><br /><span class="languageicon">(in English)</span> and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">sou</i></span> (colloquial in French)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> <a href="/wiki/Cent_(currency)" title="Cent (currency)">Cent</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">¢</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_Canadian_dollar" title="Banknotes of the Canadian dollar">Banknotes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_five-dollar_note" title="Canadian five-dollar note">$5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_ten-dollar_note" title="Canadian ten-dollar note">$10</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_twenty-dollar_note" title="Canadian twenty-dollar note">$20</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_fifty-dollar_note" title="Canadian fifty-dollar note">$50</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_one-hundred-dollar_note" title="Canadian one-hundred-dollar note">$100</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_Canadian_dollar" title="Coins of the Canadian dollar">Coins</a></th><td class="infobox-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> Freq. used</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nickel_(Canadian_coin)" title="Nickel (Canadian coin)">5¢</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dime_(Canadian_coin)" title="Dime (Canadian coin)">10¢</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quarter_(Canadian_coin)" title="Quarter (Canadian coin)">25¢</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loonie" title="Loonie">$1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toonie" title="Toonie">$2</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> Rarely used</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Penny_(Canadian_coin)" title="Penny (Canadian coin)">1¢</a> (discontinued, still legal tender), <a href="/wiki/Canadian_fifty-cent_coin" title="Canadian fifty-cent coin">50¢</a> (still minted)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue">Demographics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Official user(s)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Unofficial user(s)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">St. Pierre and Miquelon</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue">Issuance</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">Central bank</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Canada" title="Bank of Canada">Bank of Canada</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> Website</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bankofcanada.ca">www<wbr />.bankofcanada<wbr />.ca</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Printer_(publishing)" title="Printer (publishing)">Printer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Bank_Note_Company" title="Canadian Bank Note Company">Canadian Bank Note Company</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> Website</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbnco.com">www<wbr />.cbnco<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mint_(facility)" title="Mint (facility)">Mint</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mint" title="Royal Canadian Mint">Royal Canadian Mint</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> Website</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mint.ca">www<wbr />.mint<wbr />.ca</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lightskyblue">Valuation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Monetary_inflation" title="Monetary inflation">Inflation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> Source</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/241119/dq241119a-eng.htm">Statistics Canada</a>, October 2024</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> Method</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Consumer_price_index" title="Consumer price index">Consumer price index</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:18.0em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Canada" title="Category:Economy of Canada">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Canada" title="Economy of Canada">Economy of Canada</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Canada" title="Economy of Canada"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Transparenteconomycanada.png/130px-Transparenteconomycanada.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Transparenteconomycanada.png/195px-Transparenteconomycanada.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Transparenteconomycanada.png/260px-Transparenteconomycanada.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; padding-left:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Canada" title="Economic history of Canada">Economic history </a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Canadian_banking_system" title="Early Canadian banking system">Banking history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_petroleum_industry_in_Canada" title="History of the petroleum industry in Canada">Petroleum history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Canada" title="Energy policy of Canada">Energy policy of Canada</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canadian dollar</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; padding-left:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Economic_sector" title="Economic sector">Sectors</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Primary_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary sector">Primary sector</a></dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Canada" title="Agriculture in Canada">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Canada" title="Energy policy of Canada">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_production_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Petroleum production in Canada">Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Canada" title="Electricity sector in Canada">Electricity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Canada" title="Mining in Canada">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Canada" title="Fishing industry in Canada">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Canada" title="Forestry in Canada">Forestry</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Secondary_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary sector">Secondary sector</a></dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Canada" title="Automotive industry in Canada">Automotives</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Tertiary sector">Tertiary sector</a></dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_programs_in_Canada" title="Social programs in Canada">Social programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport in Canada">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Canada" title="Tourism in Canada">Tourism</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">Finance</a></dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Canada" title="Bank of Canada">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Canada" title="Banking in Canada">Banking in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Stock_exchanges_in_Canada" title="Category:Stock exchanges in Canada">Stock exchanges</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_companies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian companies">Companies</a></dt> <dd> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_companies_listed_on_the_Toronto_Stock_Exchange" title="Category:Lists of companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange">Companies listed on the TSX</a></li></ul></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; padding-left:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">Economy by province</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Alberta" title="Economy of Alberta">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ontario" title="Economy of Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Quebec" title="Economy of Quebec">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Saskatchewan" title="Economy of Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provinces_and_territories_by_gross_domestic_product" title="List of Canadian provinces and territories by gross domestic product"><i>more...</i></a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; text-align: center; padding-left:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)">Economy by city</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Montreal" title="Economy of Montreal">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Toronto" title="Economy of Toronto">Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Vancouver" title="Economy of Vancouver">Vancouver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Canada_by_city" title="Category:Economy of Canada by city"><i>more...</i></a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/14px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/21px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/28px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Canadian dollar</b> (<a href="/wiki/Currency_symbol" title="Currency symbol">symbol</a>: <b>$</b>; <a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">code</a>: <b>CAD</b>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">dollar canadien</i>) is the <a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">currency</a> of Canada. It is abbreviated with the <a href="/wiki/Dollar_sign" title="Dollar sign">dollar sign</a> $. There is no standard disambiguating form, but the abbreviations <b>Can$</b>, <b>CA$</b> and <b>C$</b> are frequently used for distinction from other <a href="/wiki/Dollar" title="Dollar">dollar</a>-denominated currencies (though C$ remains ambiguous with the <a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_c%C3%B3rdoba" title="Nicaraguan córdoba">Nicaraguan córdoba</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Translation_Bureau_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Translation_Bureau-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is divided into 100 <a href="/wiki/Cent_(currency)" title="Cent (currency)">cents</a> (¢). </p><p>Owing to the image of a <a href="/wiki/Common_loon" title="Common loon">common loon</a> on its reverse, the dollar coin, and sometimes the unit of currency itself, may be <a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">referred to</a> as the <i><a href="/wiki/Loonie" title="Loonie">loonie</a></i> by English-speaking Canadians and foreign exchange traders and analysts.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Accounting for approximately 2% of all global reserves, as of January 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadian_dollar&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the Canadian dollar is the fifth-most held <a href="/wiki/Reserve_currency" title="Reserve currency">reserve currency</a> in the world, behind the <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">U.S. dollar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">yen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">sterling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Canadian dollar is popular with central banks because of Canada's relative economic soundness, the Canadian government's strong sovereign position, and the stability of the country's legal and political systems.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_dollar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Canadian_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Canadian dollar">History of the Canadian dollar</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_currencies">Colonial currencies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_dollar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Colonial currencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1850s in Canada were a decade of debate over whether to adopt a <a href="/wiki/%C2%A3sd" title="£sd">£sd</a>-based monetary system or a decimal monetary system based on the US dollar. The British North American provinces, for reasons of practicality in relation to the increasing trade with the neighbouring United States, had a desire to assimilate their currencies with the American unit, but the imperial authorities in London still preferred sterling as the sole currency throughout the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. The British North American provinces nonetheless gradually adopted currencies tied to the American dollar. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Currencies used in Canada and its predecessors </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Currency</th> <th>Dates in use</th> <th>Value in (<a href="/wiki/%C2%A3sd" title="£sd">pre-decimal</a>) <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">sterling</a></th> <th>Value in Canadian dollars </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Canadian_pound" title="Canadian pound">Canadian pound</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">1841–1858</td> <td style="text-align:center;">16<i>s</i> 5.3<i>d</i></td> <td style="text-align:center;">$4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Canadian dollar</td> <td style="text-align:center;">1858–present</td> <td rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;">4<i>s</i> 1.3<i>d</i></td> <td rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;">$1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick_dollar" title="New Brunswick dollar">New Brunswick dollar</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">1860–1867 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_dollar" title="British Columbia dollar">British Columbia dollar</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">1865–1871 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island_dollar" title="Prince Edward Island dollar">Prince Edward Island dollar</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">1871–1873 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotian_dollar" title="Nova Scotian dollar">Nova Scotian dollar</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">1860–1871</td> <td style="text-align:center;">4<i>s</i></td> <td style="text-align:center;">$0.973 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_dollar" title="Newfoundland dollar">Newfoundland dollar</a></td> <td style="text-align:center;">1865–1895</td> <td style="text-align:center;">4<i>s</i> 2<i>d</i></td> <td style="text-align:center;">$1.014 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>1895–1949</td> <td style="text-align:center;">4<i>s</i> 1.3<i>d</i></td> <td style="text-align:center;">$1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Province_of_Canada">Province of Canada</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_dollar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Province of Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CAN-S1666-Colonial_Bank_of_Canada,_Toronto-1_Dollar_(1859).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/CAN-S1666-Colonial_Bank_of_Canada%2C_Toronto-1_Dollar_%281859%29.jpg/220px-CAN-S1666-Colonial_Bank_of_Canada%2C_Toronto-1_Dollar_%281859%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/CAN-S1666-Colonial_Bank_of_Canada%2C_Toronto-1_Dollar_%281859%29.jpg/330px-CAN-S1666-Colonial_Bank_of_Canada%2C_Toronto-1_Dollar_%281859%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/CAN-S1666-Colonial_Bank_of_Canada%2C_Toronto-1_Dollar_%281859%29.jpg/440px-CAN-S1666-Colonial_Bank_of_Canada%2C_Toronto-1_Dollar_%281859%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6103" data-file-height="2598" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canada" title="Province of Canada">Province of Canada</a> one-dollar note issued by the Colonial Bank of Canada, 1859</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Canadian_dollar" title="Special:EditPage/Canadian dollar">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1841, the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canada" title="Province of Canada">Province of Canada</a> adopted a new system based on the <a href="/wiki/Halifax_rating" title="Halifax rating">Halifax rating</a>. The new <a href="/wiki/Canadian_pound" title="Canadian pound">Canadian pound</a> was equal to four US dollars (92.88 <a href="/wiki/Grain_(mass)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grain (mass)">grains</a> gold), making £1 <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">sterling</a> equal to £1.4<i>s</i>.4<i>d</i>. Canadian. Thus, the new Canadian pound was worth 16 shillings and 5.3 pence sterling. </p><p>In 1851, the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Province_of_Canada" title="Parliament of the Province of Canada">Parliament of the Province of Canada</a> passed an act for the purposes of introducing a sterling-based unit,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> with decimal fractional coinage. The idea was that the decimal coins would correspond to exact amounts in relation to the U.S. dollar fractional coinage. </p><p>In response to British concerns, in 1853, an act of the Parliament of the Province of Canada introduced the <a href="/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard">gold standard</a> into the colony,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> based on both the British <a href="/wiki/Gold_sovereign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold sovereign">gold sovereign</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eagle_(United_States_coin)" title="Eagle (United States coin)">American gold eagle coins</a>. This gold standard was introduced with the gold sovereign being <a href="/wiki/Legal_tender" title="Legal tender">legal tender</a> at £1 = US$<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">4.86<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">2</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span>. No coinage was provided for under the 1853 act. Sterling coinage was made legal tender and all other silver coins were demonetized. The British government in principle allowed for a decimal coinage but nevertheless held out the hope that a sterling unit would be chosen under the name of "royal".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> However, in 1857, the decision was made to introduce a decimal coinage into the Province of Canada in conjunction with the U.S. dollar unit. Hence, when the new decimal coins were introduced in 1858, the colony's currency became aligned with the U.S. currency,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> although the British gold sovereign continued to remain legal tender at the rate of £1 = Can$<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">4.86<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">2</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> right up until the 1990s. In 1859, Canadian colonial postage stamps were issued with decimal denominations for the first time. In 1861, Canadian postage stamps were issued with the denominations shown in dollars and cents. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Maritime_colonies">Maritime colonies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_dollar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Maritime colonies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1860, the colonies of <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> followed the Province of Canada in adopting a decimal system based on the U.S. dollar unit. </p><p>In 1871, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> went decimal within the U.S. dollar unit and introduced coins in the denomination of 1 cent. However, the currency of Prince Edward Island was absorbed into the Canadian system shortly afterwards, when Prince Edward Island joined the Dominion of Canada in 1873. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Newfoundland">Newfoundland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_dollar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Newfoundland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/History_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="History of Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland</a> went decimal in 1865, but unlike the Province of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia, it decided to adopt a unit based on the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollar" title="Spanish dollar">Spanish dollar</a> rather than on the U.S. dollar, and there was a slight difference between these two units. The U.S. dollar was created in 1792 on the basis of the average weight of a selection of worn Spanish dollars. As such, the Spanish dollar was worth slightly more than the U.S. dollar, and likewise, the <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_dollar" title="Newfoundland dollar">Newfoundland dollar</a>, until 1895, was worth slightly more than the Canadian dollar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="British_Columbia">British Columbia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_dollar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: British Columbia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_British_Columbia_(1858%E2%80%931866)" title="Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866)">Colony of British Columbia</a> adopted the <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_dollar" title="British Columbia dollar">British Columbia dollar</a> as its currency in 1865, at par with the Canadian dollar. When British Columbia joined Canada as its sixth province in 1871, the Canadian dollar replaced the British Columbia dollar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Confederation_history">Post-Confederation history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_dollar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Post-Confederation history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1867, the Province of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">united into a federation named Canada</a>. As a result, their respective currencies were merged into a singular Canadian dollar. The Canadian Parliament passed the <i>Uniform Currency Act</i> in April 1871,<sup id="cite_ref-UCA_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCA-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tying up loose ends as to the currencies of the various provinces and replacing them with a common Canadian dollar. </p><p>The gold standard was temporarily abandoned during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and definitively abolished on April 10, 1933. At the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Exchange_rate" title="Exchange rate">exchange rate</a> to the U.S. dollar was <a href="/wiki/Fixed_exchange_rate_system" title="Fixed exchange rate system">fixed</a> at Can$1.10 = US$1.00. This was changed to parity in 1946. In 1949, sterling was devalued and Canada followed, returning to a peg of Can$1.10 = US$1.00. However, Canada allowed its dollar to float in 1950, whereupon the currency rose to a slight premium over the U.S. dollar for the next decade. But the Canadian dollar fell sharply after 1960 before it was again pegged in 1962 at Can$1.00 = US$0.925. This was sometimes pejoratively referred to as the "Diefenbuck" or the "Diefendollar", after the then Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/Diefenbaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Diefenbaker">John Diefenbaker</a>. This peg lasted until 1970, with the currency's value being floated since then. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_dollar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_1_and_2_dollar_coins.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Canadian_1_and_2_dollar_coins.png/220px-Canadian_1_and_2_dollar_coins.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Canadian_1_and_2_dollar_coins.png/330px-Canadian_1_and_2_dollar_coins.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Canadian_1_and_2_dollar_coins.png/440px-Canadian_1_and_2_dollar_coins.png 2x" data-file-width="467" data-file-height="214" /></a><figcaption>The one- and two-dollar coins, nicknamed the <i>loonie</i> and <i>toonie</i></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">Canadian English</a>, similar to <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>, used the slang term "<a href="/wiki/Dollar" title="Dollar">buck</a>" for a former paper dollar. The Canadian origin of this term derives from a coin struck by the <a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company" title="Hudson's Bay Company">Hudson's Bay Company</a> during the 17th century with a value equal to the <a href="/wiki/Fur" title="Fur">pelt</a> of a male <a href="/wiki/Beaver" title="Beaver">beaver</a> – a "buck".<sup id="cite_ref-buck_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buck-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of the appearance of the <a href="/wiki/Common_loon" title="Common loon">common loon</a> on the back of the $1 coin that replaced the dollar bill in 1987, the word <i><a href="/wiki/Loonie" title="Loonie">loonie</a></i> was adopted in Canadian parlance to distinguish the Canadian dollar coin from the dollar bill. When the two-dollar coin was introduced in 1996, the derivative word <i><a href="/wiki/Toonie" title="Toonie">toonie</a></i> ("two loonies") became the common word for it in Canadian English slang. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, the currency is also called <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">le dollar</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Canadian_French" title="Canadian French">Canadian French</a> slang terms include <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Piastre" title="Piastre">piastre</a></i></span> or <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">piasse</i></span> (the original word used in 18th-century French to translate "dollar") and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">huard</i></span> (equivalent to <i>loonie</i>, since <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">huard</i></span> is French for "loon," the bird appearing on the coin). The French pronunciation of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">cent</i></span> (pronounced similarly to English as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/sɛnt/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/sɛn/</span>, not like the word for hundred, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/sɑ̃/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/sã/</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is generally used for the subdivision; <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">sou</i></span> is another, informal, term for 1¢. <a href="/wiki/Quarter_(Canadian_coin)" title="Quarter (Canadian coin)">25¢ coins</a> in Quebec French are often called <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">trente sous</i></span> ("thirty cents") because of a series of changes in terminology, currencies, and exchange rates. After the British conquest of <a href="/wiki/Canada_(New_France)" title="Canada (New France)">Canada</a> in 1760, French coins gradually went out of use, and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">sou</i></span> became a nickname for the <a href="/wiki/Halfpenny_(British_pre-decimal_coin)" title="Halfpenny (British pre-decimal coin)">halfpenny</a>, which was similar in value to the <a href="/wiki/Solidus_(coin)#France" title="Solidus (coin)">French <i>sou</i></a>. Spanish dollars and U.S. dollars were also in use, and from 1841 to 1858, the exchange rate was fixed at $4 = £1  (or 400¢ = 240<i>d</i>). This made 25¢ equal to 15<i>d</i>, or 30 halfpence (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">trente sous</i></span>). After decimalization and the withdrawal of halfpenny coins, the nickname <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">sou</i></span> began to be used for the <a href="/wiki/Penny_(Canadian_coin)" title="Penny (Canadian coin)">1¢ coin</a>, but the idiom <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">trente sous</i></span> for 25¢ endured.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coins">Coins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_dollar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Coins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_Canadian_dollar" title="Coins of the Canadian dollar">Coins of the Canadian dollar</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20060711_Monnaie_Royale_Canadienne_%C3%A0_Winnipeg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/20060711_Monnaie_Royale_Canadienne_%C3%A0_Winnipeg.jpg/220px-20060711_Monnaie_Royale_Canadienne_%C3%A0_Winnipeg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/20060711_Monnaie_Royale_Canadienne_%C3%A0_Winnipeg.jpg/330px-20060711_Monnaie_Royale_Canadienne_%C3%A0_Winnipeg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/20060711_Monnaie_Royale_Canadienne_%C3%A0_Winnipeg.jpg/440px-20060711_Monnaie_Royale_Canadienne_%C3%A0_Winnipeg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2080" data-file-height="1544" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mint" title="Royal Canadian Mint">Royal Canadian Mint</a> production facility in <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Coins are produced by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mint" title="Royal Canadian Mint">Royal Canadian Mint</a>'s facilities in <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, in denominations of 5¢ (<a href="/wiki/Nickel_(Canadian_coin)" title="Nickel (Canadian coin)">nickel</a>), 10¢ (<a href="/wiki/Dime_(Canadian_coin)" title="Dime (Canadian coin)">dime</a>), 25¢ (<a href="/wiki/Quarter_(Canadian_coin)" title="Quarter (Canadian coin)">quarter</a>), 50¢ (<a href="/wiki/50-cent_piece_(Canadian_coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="50-cent piece (Canadian coin)">50¢ piece</a>) (though the 50¢ piece is no longer distributed to banks and is only available directly from the mint, therefore seeing very little circulation), $1 (<a href="/wiki/Loonie" title="Loonie">loonie</a>), and $2 (<a href="/wiki/Toonie" title="Toonie">toonie</a>). The last 1¢ coin (<a href="/wiki/Penny_(Canadian_coin)" title="Penny (Canadian coin)">penny</a>) to be minted in Canada was struck on May 4, 2012,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and distribution of the penny ceased on February 4, 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ever since, the price for a cash transaction is rounded to the nearest five cents. The penny continues to be legal tender, although it is only accepted as payment and is not given back as change. </p><p>The standard set of designs has Canadian symbols, usually wildlife, on the reverse, and an effigy of <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Obverse_and_reverse" title="Obverse and reverse">obverse</a>. A large number of pennies, nickels, and dimes are in circulation bearing the effigy of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a>, and occasionally some depicting <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> can be found. It is also common for <a href="/wiki/American_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="American dollar">American coins</a> to be found among circulation due to the close proximity to the United States and the fact that the sizes and colours of the coins are similar. Commemorative coins with differing reverses are also issued on an irregular basis, most often quarters. 50¢ coins are rarely found in circulation; they are often collected and not regularly used in day-to-day transactions in most provinces. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coin_history">Coin history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_dollar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Coin history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Canadian_dollar" title="Special:EditPage/Canadian dollar">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1871_Canadian_50_cents_both.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/1871_Canadian_50_cents_both.png/220px-1871_Canadian_50_cents_both.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/1871_Canadian_50_cents_both.png/330px-1871_Canadian_50_cents_both.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/1871_Canadian_50_cents_both.png/440px-1871_Canadian_50_cents_both.png 2x" data-file-width="878" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption>Engraving of a Canadian fifty-cent coin, issued in 1871</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1858, bronze 1¢ and 0.925 silver 5¢, 10¢ and 20¢ coins were issued by the Province of Canada. Except for 1¢ coins struck in 1859, no more coins were issued until 1870, when production of the 5¢ and 10¢ was resumed and silver 25¢ and 50¢ were introduced. Between 1908 and 1919, <a href="/wiki/Gold_sovereign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold sovereign">sovereigns</a> (legal tender in Canada for $<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">4.86<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">2</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span>) were struck in Ottawa with a "C" mintmark. </p><p>Canada produced its first gold dollar coins in 1912 in the form of $5 and $10. These coins were produced from 1912 to 1914. The obverse carries an image of <a href="/wiki/King_George_V" class="mw-redirect" title="King George V">King George V</a> and on the reverse is a shield with the arms of the Dominion of Canada. Gold from the <a href="/wiki/Klondike_River" title="Klondike River">Klondike River</a> valley in the <a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a> accounts for much of the gold in the coins. </p><p>Two years into the coin's production World War I began and production of the coins stopped in favour of tighter control over Canadian gold reserves. Most of the 1914 coins produced never reached circulation at the time and some were stored for more than 75 years until being sold off in 2012. The high quality specimens were sold to the public and the visually unappealing ones were melted.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1920, the size of the 1¢ was reduced and the silver fineness of the 5¢, 10¢, 25¢ and 50¢ coins was reduced to 0.800 silver/.200 copper. This composition was maintained for the 10¢, 25¢ and 50¢ piece through 1966, but the debasement of the 5¢ piece continued in 1922 with the silver 5¢ being entirely replaced by a larger nickel coin. In 1942, as a wartime measure, nickel was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Tombac" title="Tombac">tombac</a> in the 5¢ coin, which was changed in shape from round to <a href="/wiki/Dodecagonal" class="mw-redirect" title="Dodecagonal">dodecagonal</a>. Chromium-plated steel was used for the 5¢ in 1944 and 1945 and between 1951 and 1954, after which nickel was readopted. The 5¢ returned to a round shape in 1963. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:322px;max-width:322px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:159px;max-width:159px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:78px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_$0.05_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Canada_%240.05_1942.jpg/157px-Canada_%240.05_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Canada_%240.05_1942.jpg/236px-Canada_%240.05_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Canada_%240.05_1942.jpg/314px-Canada_%240.05_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="987" data-file-height="495" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Five-cent coin, issued 1942</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:159px;max-width:159px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:78px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_$0.05_1964.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Canada_%240.05_1964.jpg/157px-Canada_%240.05_1964.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Canada_%240.05_1964.jpg/236px-Canada_%240.05_1964.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Canada_%240.05_1964.jpg/314px-Canada_%240.05_1964.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1003" data-file-height="501" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Five-cent coin, issued 1964</div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Several Canadian coins, like the five-cent coin, underwent changes in composition and shape in the 20th century.</div></div></div></div> <p>In 1935, the 0.800 silver <a href="/wiki/Voyageur_dollar" title="Voyageur dollar">voyageur dollar</a> was introduced. Production was maintained through 1967 with the exception of the war years between 1939 and 1945. </p><p>In 1967 both 0.800 silver/0.200 copper and, later that year, 0.500 silver/.500 copper 10¢ and 25¢ coins were issued. 1968 saw further debasement: the 0.500 fine silver dimes and quarters were completely replaced by nickel ones mid-year. All 1968 50¢ and $1 coins were reduced in size and coined only in pure nickel. Thus, 1968 marked the last year in which any circulating silver coinage was issued in Canada. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada%27s_%22Last_Circulating_Penny%22_on_display_at_the_Bank_of_Canada_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Canada%27s_%22Last_Circulating_Penny%22_on_display_at_the_Bank_of_Canada_Museum.jpg/220px-Canada%27s_%22Last_Circulating_Penny%22_on_display_at_the_Bank_of_Canada_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Canada%27s_%22Last_Circulating_Penny%22_on_display_at_the_Bank_of_Canada_Museum.jpg/330px-Canada%27s_%22Last_Circulating_Penny%22_on_display_at_the_Bank_of_Canada_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Canada%27s_%22Last_Circulating_Penny%22_on_display_at_the_Bank_of_Canada_Museum.jpg/440px-Canada%27s_%22Last_Circulating_Penny%22_on_display_at_the_Bank_of_Canada_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1318" data-file-height="1318" /></a><figcaption>The last minted penny intended for circulation, produced at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mint" title="Royal Canadian Mint">Royal Canadian Mint</a> in Winnipeg in 2012,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on display at the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Canada_Museum" title="Bank of Canada Museum">Bank of Canada Museum</a> in Ottawa</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1982, the 1¢ coin was changed to dodecagonal, and the 5¢ was further debased to a cupro-nickel alloy. In 1987 a $1 coin struck in aureate-plated nickel was introduced. A <a href="/wiki/Bimetallic_coins" class="mw-redirect" title="Bimetallic coins">bimetallic</a> $2 coin followed in 1996. In 1997, copper-plated zinc replaced bronze in the 1¢, and it returned to a round shape. This was followed, in 2000, by the introduction of even cheaper plated-steel 1¢, 5¢, 10¢, 25¢ and 50¢ coins, with the 1¢ plated in copper and the others plated in <a href="/wiki/Cupro-nickel" class="mw-redirect" title="Cupro-nickel">cupro-nickel</a>. In 2012, the multi-ply plated-steel technology was introduced for $1 and $2 coins as well. Also in that year mintage of the 1¢ coin ceased and its withdrawal from circulation began in 2013. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Banknotes">Banknotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_dollar&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Banknotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_Canadian_dollar" title="Banknotes of the Canadian dollar">Banknotes of the Canadian dollar</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:96_1_b.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/96_1_b.JPG/220px-96_1_b.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/96_1_b.JPG/330px-96_1_b.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/96_1_b.JPG/440px-96_1_b.JPG 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="378" /></a><figcaption>An 1892 five-dollar note issued by the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Hamilton" title="Bank of Hamilton">Bank of Hamilton</a>. Early Canadian dollar notes were <a href="/wiki/Canadian_chartered_bank_notes" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian chartered bank notes">issued by Canadian charter banks</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first paper money issued in Canada denominated in dollars were British Army bills, issued between 1813 and 1815. Canadian dollar banknotes were later issued by the <a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Canada" title="Banking in Canada">chartered banks</a> starting in the 1830s, by several pre-<a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Confederation</a> colonial governments (most notably the Province of Canada in 1866), and after confederation, by the Canadian government starting in 1870. Some municipalities also issued notes, most notably <i>depression <a href="/wiki/Scrip" title="Scrip">scrip</a></i> during the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 3, 1934,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (May 2022)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> with only 10 chartered banks still issuing notes, the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Canada" title="Bank of Canada">Bank of Canada</a> was founded. This new government agency became the sole issuer of all federal notes. In 1935, it issued its first series of notes in denominations of $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $25, $50, $100, $500 and $1000. The $25 note was a commemorative issue, released to mark the Silver Jubilee of King <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1944, the chartered banks were prohibited from issuing their own currency, with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Bank_of_Canada" title="Royal Bank of Canada">Royal Bank of Canada</a> and the Bank of Montreal among the last to issue notes. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ottawa_-_ON_-_Bank_of_Canada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Ottawa_-_ON_-_Bank_of_Canada.jpg/220px-Ottawa_-_ON_-_Bank_of_Canada.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Ottawa_-_ON_-_Bank_of_Canada.jpg/330px-Ottawa_-_ON_-_Bank_of_Canada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Ottawa_-_ON_-_Bank_of_Canada.jpg/440px-Ottawa_-_ON_-_Bank_of_Canada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3834" data-file-height="2626" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Canada_Building" title="Bank of Canada Building">Bank of Canada headquarters</a>. The Bank of Canada is the sole issuer of federal notes.</figcaption></figure> <p>Significant design changes to the notes have occurred since 1935, with new series introduced in 1937, 1954, 1970, 1986, and 2001. In June 2011, newly designed notes printed on a <a href="/wiki/Polymer_banknote" title="Polymer banknote">polymer</a> substrate, as opposed to cotton fibre, were announced; the first of these polymer notes, the $100 bill, began circulation on November 14, 2011, the $50 bill began circulation on March 26, 2012, the $20 denomination began circulation on November 7, 2012, and the $5 and $10 denominations began circulation on November 12, 2013. </p><p>Since 1935, all banknotes are printed by the Ottawa-based <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Bank_Note_Company" title="Canadian Bank Note Company">Canadian Bank Note Company</a> under contract to the Bank of Canada. Previously, a second company, BA International (founded in 1866 as the British American Bank Note Company), shared printing duties. In 2011, BA International announced it would close its banknote printing business and cease printing banknotes at the end of 2012;<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since then, the Canadian Bank Note Company has been the sole printer of Canadian banknotes. </p><p>All banknotes from series prior to the current polymer series are now considered unfit for circulation due to their lacking of any modern security features, such as a metallic stripe.<sup id="cite_ref-unfit_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unfit-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Financial institutions must return the banknotes to the Bank of Canada, which will then destroy them.<sup id="cite_ref-unfit_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unfit-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Individuals may keep the banknotes indefinitely.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECBC_News2000_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECBC_News2000-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_tender">Legal tender</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_dollar&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Legal tender"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of January 1, 2021, the $1, $2, $25, $500 and $1000 notes issued by the Bank of Canada are no longer legal tender.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All other current and prior Canadian dollar banknotes issued by the Bank of Canada remain as legal tender in Canada. However, commercial transactions may legally be settled in any manner agreed by the parties involved. </p><p>Legal tender of Canadian coinage is governed by the <i>Currency Act</i>, which sets out limits of:<sup id="cite_ref-legaltender_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-legaltender-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>$40 if the denomination is $2 or greater but does not exceed $10;</li> <li>$25 if the denomination is $1;</li> <li>$10 if the denomination is 10¢ or greater but less than $1;</li> <li>$5 if the denomination is 5¢;</li> <li>25¢ if the denomination is 1¢.</li></ul> <p>Retailers in Canada may refuse bank notes without breaking the law. According to legal guidelines, the method of payment has to be mutually agreed upon by the parties involved with the transactions. For example, stores may refuse $100 banknotes if they feel that would put them at risk of being <a href="/wiki/Counterfeit" title="Counterfeit">counterfeit</a> victims; however, official policy suggests that the retailers should evaluate the impact of that approach. In the case that no mutually acceptable form of payment can be found for the tender, the parties involved should seek legal advice.<sup id="cite_ref-counterfeit_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-counterfeit-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Canadian dollars, especially coins, are accepted by some businesses in the northernmost cities of the United States and in many Canadian <a href="/wiki/Snowbird_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Snowbird (people)">snowbird</a> enclaves, just as U.S. dollars are accepted by some Canadian businesses.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> considered adopting the Canadian dollar as a stable alternative to the <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_kr%C3%B3na" title="Icelandic króna">Icelandic króna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canada was favoured due to its northern geography and similar resource-based economy, in addition to its relative economic stability.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Canadian ambassador to Iceland said that Iceland could adopt the currency; although Iceland ultimately decided not to move on with the proposal.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Value">Value</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_dollar&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Value"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CAD-USD_v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/CAD-USD_v2.svg/350px-CAD-USD_v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/CAD-USD_v2.svg/525px-CAD-USD_v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/CAD-USD_v2.svg/700px-CAD-USD_v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>The cost of one <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">United States dollar</a> in Canadian dollars from 1990</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CAD-EUR_1999-.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/CAD-EUR_1999-.svg/350px-CAD-EUR_1999-.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/CAD-EUR_1999-.svg/525px-CAD-EUR_1999-.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/CAD-EUR_1999-.svg/700px-CAD-EUR_1999-.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>The cost of one <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> in Canadian dollars from 1999</figcaption></figure> <p>Since 76.7% of Canada's exports go to the U.S., and 53.3% of imports into Canada come from the U.S.,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canadians are interested in the value of their currency mainly against the U.S. dollar. Although domestic concerns arise when the dollar trades much lower than its U.S. counterpart, there is also concern among exporters when the dollar appreciates quickly. A rise in the value of the dollar increases the price of Canadian exports to the U.S. On the other hand, there are advantages to a rising dollar, in that it is cheaper for Canadian industries to purchase foreign material and businesses. </p><p>The Bank of Canada currently has no specific target value for the Canadian dollar and has not intervened in <a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_market" title="Foreign exchange market">foreign exchange markets</a> since 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bank's official position is that market conditions should determine the worth of the Canadian dollar, although it occasionally makes minor attempts to influence its value. </p><p>On world markets, the Canadian dollar historically tended to move in tandem with the U.S. dollar.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An apparently rising Canadian dollar (against the U.S. dollar) was decreasing against other international currencies; however, during the rise of the Canadian dollar between 2002 and 2013, it gained value against the U.S. dollar as well as other international currencies. In recent years, dramatic fluctuations in the value of the Canadian dollar have tended to correlate with shifts in oil prices, reflecting the Canadian dollar's status as a <a href="/wiki/Petrocurrency" title="Petrocurrency">petrocurrency</a> owing to Canada's significant oil exports.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Canadian dollar traded at a record high of <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$2.78</span> in terms of <a href="/wiki/Greenback_(1860s_money)" title="Greenback (1860s money)">American greenbacks</a> on July 11, 1864, since the latter was inconvertible paper currency.<sup id="cite_ref-cdh_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdh-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Canadian dollar remained close to par or 1:1 versus the gold or silver US dollar of the time. </p><p>Unlike other currencies in the <a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system" title="Bretton Woods system">Bretton Woods system</a>, whose values were <a href="/wiki/Fixed_exchange_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixed exchange rate">fixed</a>, the Canadian dollar was allowed to <a href="/wiki/Floating_exchange_rate" title="Floating exchange rate">float</a> from 1950 to 1962. Between 1952 and 1960, the Canadian dollar traded at a slight premium over the U.S. dollar, reaching a high of <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$1.0614</span> on August 20, 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-cdh_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdh-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Canadian dollar fell considerably after 1960, and this contributed to Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/John_Diefenbaker" title="John Diefenbaker">John Diefenbaker</a>'s defeat in the <a href="/wiki/1963_Canadian_federal_election" title="1963 Canadian federal election">1963 election</a>. The Canadian dollar returned to a fixed exchange rate regime in 1962 when its value was set at <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$0.925</span>, where it remained until 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-cdh_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdh-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As an <a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a>-fighting measure, the Canadian dollar was allowed to float in 1970. Its value appreciated and it was worth more than the U.S. dollar for part of the 1970s. The high point was on April 25, 1974, when it reached <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$1.0443</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Canadian dollar fell in value against its American counterpart during the <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">technological boom</a> of the 1990s that was centred in the United States, and was traded for as little as US$0.6179 on January 21, 2002, which was an all-time low.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, its value against all major currencies rose until 2013, due in part to high prices for commodities (especially <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">oil</a>) that Canada exports.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Canadian dollar's value against the U.S. dollar rose sharply in 2007 because of the continued strength of the Canadian economy and the U.S. currency's weakness on world markets. During trading on September 20, 2007, it met the U.S. dollar at parity for the first time since November 25, 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Inflation in the value of the Canadian dollar has been fairly low since the 1990s. In 2007 the Canadian dollar rebounded, soaring 23% in value.<sup id="cite_ref-cdh_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdh-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 28, 2007, the Canadian dollar closed above the U.S. dollar for the first time in 30 years, at US$1.0052.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 7, 2007, it hit US$1.1024 during trading, a modern-day high<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after China announced it would diversify its <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$1.43</span><span class="nowrap"> </span>trillion foreign exchange reserve away from the U.S. dollar. By November 30, however, the Canadian dollar was once again at par with the U.S. dollar, and on December 4, the dollar had retreated back to US$0.98, through a cut in interest rates made by the Bank of Canada due to concerns about exports to the U.S. </p><p>Due to its soaring value and new record highs at the time, the Canadian dollar was named the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Newsmaker_of_the_Year_(Time)" title="Canadian Newsmaker of the Year (Time)">Canadian Newsmaker of the Year</a> for 2007 by the Canadian edition of <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-Newsmaker2007_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newsmaker2007-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the late 2000s, the Canadian dollar has been valued at levels comparable to the years before its swift rise in 2007. 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.sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort{background-position:center bottom 0.5em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort{background-position:right bottom 0.5em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable{padding-bottom:1.6em}html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable{padding-bottom:1.8em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before{padding-bottom:1.5em}html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before{padding-bottom:1.4em}}}</style> <table class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers sort-under-center col1left col2center col3center col4right col5right col6right"> <caption>Most traded currencies by value<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Currency distribution of global foreign exchange market turnover</span><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:right"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Most_traded_currencies" title="Template:Most traded currencies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Most_traded_currencies" title="Template talk:Most traded currencies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Most_traded_currencies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Most traded currencies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Currency </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217</a><br />code </th> <th rowspan="2" class="unsortable"><a href="/wiki/Currency_symbol" title="Currency symbol">Symbols</a> </th> <th colspan="2">Proportion of daily volume </th> <th rowspan="2">Change<br />(2019–2022) </th></tr> <tr class="static-row-header"> <th>April 2019 </th> <th>April 2022 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">U.S. dollar</a></td> <td>USD</td> <td>$, US$</td> <td>88.3%</td> <td>88.5%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.2pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></td> <td>EUR</td> <td>€</td> <td>32.3%</td> <td>30.5%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.8pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">Japanese yen</a></td> <td>JPY</td> <td>¥, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">円</span></span></td> <td>16.8%</td> <td>16.7%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Sterling</a></td> <td>GBP</td> <td>£</td> <td>12.8%</td> <td>12.9%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Renminbi</a></td> <td>CNY</td> <td>¥, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-CN">圆</span></span></td> <td>4.3%</td> <td>7.0%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.7pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">Australian dollar</a></td> <td>AUD</td> <td>$, $A</td> <td>6.8%</td> <td>6.4%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.4pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canadian dollar</a></td> <td>CAD</td> <td>$, Can$</td> <td>5.0%</td> <td>6.2%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.2pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swiss_franc" title="Swiss franc">Swiss franc</a></td> <td>CHF</td> <td>Fr., fr.</td> <td>4.9%</td> <td>5.2%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.3pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_dollar" title="Hong Kong dollar">Hong Kong dollar</a></td> <td>HKD</td> <td>$, HK$, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-HK">元</span></span></td> <td>3.5%</td> <td>2.6%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.9pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Singapore_dollar" title="Singapore dollar">Singapore dollar</a></td> <td>SGD</td> <td>$, S$</td> <td>1.8%</td> <td>2.4%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.6pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swedish_krona" title="Swedish krona">Swedish krona</a></td> <td>SEK</td> <td>kr, Skr</td> <td>2.0%</td> <td>2.2%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.2pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_won" title="South Korean won">South Korean won</a></td> <td>KRW</td> <td>₩, <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">원</span></span></td> <td>2.0%</td> <td>1.9%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_krone" title="Norwegian krone">Norwegian krone</a></td> <td>NOK</td> <td>kr, Nkr</td> <td>1.8%</td> <td>1.7%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_dollar" title="New Zealand dollar">New Zealand dollar</a></td> <td>NZD</td> <td>$, $NZ</td> <td>2.1%</td> <td>1.7%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.4pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">Indian rupee</a></td> <td>INR</td> <td>₹</td> <td>1.7%</td> <td>1.6%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexican_peso" title="Mexican peso">Mexican peso</a></td> <td>MXN</td> <td>$, Mex$</td> <td>1.7%</td> <td>1.5%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.2pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Taiwan_dollar" title="New Taiwan dollar">New Taiwan dollar</a></td> <td>TWD</td> <td>$‎, NT$, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-TW">圓</span></span></td> <td>0.9%</td> <td>1.1%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.2pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_African_rand" title="South African rand">South African rand</a></td> <td>ZAR</td> <td>R</td> <td>1.1%</td> <td>1.0%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_real" title="Brazilian real">Brazilian real</a></td> <td>BRL</td> <td>R$</td> <td>1.1%</td> <td>0.9%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.2pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Danish_krone" title="Danish krone">Danish krone</a></td> <td>DKK</td> <td>kr., DKr</td> <td>0.6%</td> <td>0.7%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish_z%C5%82oty" title="Polish złoty">Polish złoty</a></td> <td>PLN</td> <td>zł‎, Zl</td> <td>0.6%</td> <td>0.7%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thai_baht" title="Thai baht">Thai baht</a></td> <td>THB</td> <td>฿, B</td> <td>0.5%</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Israeli_new_shekel" title="Israeli new shekel">Israeli new shekel</a></td> <td>ILS</td> <td>₪, NIS</td> <td>0.3%</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_rupiah" title="Indonesian rupiah">Indonesian rupiah</a></td> <td>IDR</td> <td>Rp</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Czech_koruna" title="Czech koruna">Czech koruna</a></td> <td>CZK</td> <td>Kč, CZK</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_dirham" title="United Arab Emirates dirham">UAE dirham</a></td> <td>AED</td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar-AE" dir="rtl">د.إ</span></span>, Dh(s)</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.2pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkish_lira" title="Turkish lira">Turkish lira</a></td> <td>TRY</td> <td>₺, TL</td> <td>1.1%</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.7pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_forint" title="Hungarian forint">Hungarian forint</a></td> <td>HUF</td> <td>Ft</td> <td>0.4%</td> <td>0.3%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chilean_peso" title="Chilean peso">Chilean peso</a></td> <td>CLP</td> <td>$, Ch$</td> <td>0.3%</td> <td>0.3%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saudi_riyal" title="Saudi riyal">Saudi riyal</a></td> <td>SAR</td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar-SA" dir="rtl">﷼</span></span>, SRl(s)</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">Philippine peso</a></td> <td>PHP</td> <td>₱</td> <td>0.3%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_ringgit" title="Malaysian ringgit">Malaysian ringgit</a></td> <td>MYR</td> <td>RM</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombian_peso" title="Colombian peso">Colombian peso</a></td> <td>COP</td> <td>$, Col$</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">Russian ruble</a></td> <td>RUB</td> <td>₽, руб</td> <td>1.1%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.9pp </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Romanian_leu" title="Romanian leu">Romanian leu</a></td> <td>RON</td> <td>—, leu</td> <td>0.1%</td> <td>0.1%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_sol" title="Peruvian sol">Peruvian sol</a></td> <td>PEN</td> <td>S/.</td> <td>0.1%</td> <td>0.1%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_dinar" title="Bahraini dinar">Bahraini dinar</a></td> <td>BHD</td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar-BH" dir="rtl">.د.ب</span></span>, BD</td> <td>0.0%</td> <td>0.0%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_lev" title="Bulgarian lev">Bulgarian lev</a></td> <td>BGN</td> <td>лв., lv., lev</td> <td>0.0%</td> <td>0.0%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentine_peso" title="Argentine peso">Argentine peso</a></td> <td>ARS</td> <td>$, Arg$</td> <td>0.1%</td> <td>0.0%</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1pp </td></tr> <tr class="static-row-header" style="background:#ECECEC"> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><i>Other currencies</i></span></th> <th style="text-align:right">1.8%</th> <th style="text-align:right">2.3%</th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.5pp </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Total:</th> <th style="text-align:right">200.0%</th> <th style="text-align:right">200.0%</th> <th> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p>A number of central banks (and commercial banks) keep Canadian dollars as a reserve currency. The Canadian dollar is considered to be a benchmark currency.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the economy of the Americas, the Canadian dollar plays a similar role to that of the Australian dollar (AUD) in the Asia-Pacific region. The Canadian dollar (as a regional reserve currency for banking) has been an important part of the British, French and Dutch Caribbean states' economies and finance systems since the 1950s. The Canadian dollar is held by many central banks in Central and South America as well.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Reliable source needed for the whole paragraph (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>By observing how the Canadian dollar behaves against the U.S. dollar, foreign exchange economists can indirectly observe internal behaviours and patterns in the U.S. economy that could not be seen by direct observation. The Canadian dollar has fully evolved into a global reserve currency only since the 1970s, when it was floated against all other world currencies. Some economists have attributed the rise of importance of the Canadian dollar to the long-term effects of the <a href="/wiki/Nixon_Shock" class="mw-redirect" title="Nixon Shock">Nixon Shock</a> that effectively ended the Bretton Woods system of global finance.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exchange_rates">Exchange rates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_dollar&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Exchange rates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USD-CAD_exchange_rate.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/USD-CAD_exchange_rate.webp/300px-USD-CAD_exchange_rate.webp.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/USD-CAD_exchange_rate.webp/450px-USD-CAD_exchange_rate.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/USD-CAD_exchange_rate.webp/600px-USD-CAD_exchange_rate.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="1553" data-file-height="429" /></a><figcaption>USD/CAD exchange rate</figcaption></figure> <table class="toccolours" style="margin: 0.5em auto; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr><th style="background: #A7C3FF;" colspan="2"> Current CAD exchange rates</th> </tr><tr> <td>From <a href="/wiki/Google_Finance" title="Google Finance">Google Finance</a>: </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/AUD-CAD">AUD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/CHF-CAD">CHF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/CNY-CAD">CNY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/EUR-CAD">EUR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/GBP-CAD">GBP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/HKD-CAD">HKD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/JPY-CAD">JPY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/USD-CAD">USD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>From <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Finance" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! Finance">Yahoo! Finance</a>: </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/AUDCAD=X">AUD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/CHFCAD=X">CHF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/CNYCAD=X">CNY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/EURCAD=X">EUR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/GBPCAD=X">GBP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/HKDCAD=X">HKD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/JPYCAD=X">JPY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/USDCAD=X">USD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>From <a href="/wiki/XE.com" title="XE.com">XE.com</a>: </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=AUD&To=CAD">AUD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=CHF&To=CAD">CHF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=CNY&To=CAD">CNY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=EUR&To=CAD">EUR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=GBP&To=CAD">GBP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=HKD&To=CAD">HKD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=JPY&To=CAD">JPY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=USD&To=CAD">USD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>From OANDA: </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=AUD&to=CAD">AUD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=CHF&to=CAD">CHF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=CNY&to=CAD">CNY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=EUR&to=CAD">EUR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=GBP&to=CAD">GBP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=HKD&to=CAD">HKD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=JPY&to=CAD">JPY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oanda.com/currency-converter/en/?amount=1&from=USD&to=CAD">USD</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_dollar&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Canada" title="Economy of Canada">Economy of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_leading_trade_partners" title="List of countries by leading trade partners">List of countries by leading trade partners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_trading_partners_of_Canada" title="List of the largest trading partners of Canada">List of the largest trading partners of Canada</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_dollar&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There are various common abbreviations to distinguish the Canadian dollar from others: while the <a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO 4217</a> currency code "CAD" (a three-character code without <a href="/wiki/Currency_symbol" title="Currency symbol">monetary symbols</a>) is common, no single system is universally accepted. The <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, <i>Editing Canadian English</i> and <i>The Canadian Style</i> guide all indicate "<span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">Can$</span>". "<span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">C$</span>" is the symbol for the Nicaraguan córdoba, and as such is discouraged by <i>The Canadian Style</i> guide. <i>Editing Canadian English</i> also indicates "CDN$"; both style guides note the ISO code.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_dollar&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_dollar&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Translation_Bureau-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Translation_Bureau_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tpv2guides/guides/wrtps/index-eng.html?lang=eng&lettr=indx_catlog_c&page=9Rl-N63dyxbA.html">"Canadian dollar (Symbol) (Linguistic recommendation from the Translation Bureau)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Translation_Bureau" title="Translation Bureau">Translation Bureau</a>. October 15, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200219051417/http://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tpv2guides/guides/wrtps/index-eng.html?lang=eng&lettr=indx_catlog_c&page=9Rl-N63dyxbA.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 19, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 2,</span> 2021</span>. <q>In an English document, when you need to specify the type of dollar (Canadian, American, Australian, etc.), the Translation Bureau recommends using the symbol Can$ to represent the Canadian dollar. ... The shorter variant C$ is another symbol frequently used for the Canadian dollar. However, the Translation Bureau does not recommend this symbol, since it has a slight risk of ambiguity: it is also used to represent the Nicaraguan <i>córdoba oro</i>, <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_cruzeiro" title="Brazilian cruzeiro">Brazilian cruzeiro</a> and occasionally the Cayman Islands dollar as well.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canadian+dollar+%28Symbol%29+%28Linguistic+recommendation+from+the+Translation+Bureau%29&rft.pub=Translation+Bureau&rft.date=2015-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca%2Ftpv2guides%2Fguides%2Fwrtps%2Findex-eng.html%3Flang%3Deng%26lettr%3Dindx_catlog_c%26page%3D9Rl-N63dyxbA.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/33367/33304.pdf?sequence=4">"World Bank Editorial Style Guide 2020 – page 135"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>openknowledge.worldbank.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oanda&rft.atitle=Currencies+Facts+%3E+Major+Currencies+%3E+Canadian+Dollar+%E2%80%93+Canadian+Dollar+Currency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oanda.com%2Fcurrency-converter%2Fen%2Fcurrencies%2Fmajors%2Fcad%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/top-business-stories/great-time-for-european-vacation-as-loonie-hits-record-high-against-euro/article4413750/">"Report on Business: Great time for European vacation as loonie hits record high against euro"</a>. <i>The Globe and Mail</i>. July 12, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180505152911/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/top-business-stories/great-time-for-european-vacation-as-loonie-hits-record-high-against-euro/article4413750/">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Report+on+Business%3A+Great+time+for+European+vacation+as+loonie+hits+record+high+against+euro&rft.date=2012-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Freport-on-business%2Ftop-business-stories%2Fgreat-time-for-european-vacation-as-loonie-hits-record-high-against-euro%2Farticle4413750%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.imf.org/regular.aspx?key=41175">"Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves (COFER)"</a>. International Monetary Fund. 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Currency+Composition+of+Official+Foreign+Exchange+Reserves+%28COFER%29&rft.pub=International+Monetary+Fund&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.imf.org%2Fregular.aspx%3Fkey%3D41175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/economy/canadas-resilience-has-foreign-central-banks-loading-up-on-loonies/article18635614/">"Canada's resilience has foreign central banks loading up on loonies"</a>. <i>The Globe and Mail</i>. May 13, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305004908/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/economy/canadas-resilience-has-foreign-central-banks-loading-up-on-loonies/article18635614/">Archived</a> from the original on March 5, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Canada%27s+resilience+has+foreign+central+banks+loading+up+on+loonies&rft.date=2014-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Freport-on-business%2Feconomy%2Fcanadas-resilience-has-foreign-central-banks-loading-up-on-loonies%2Farticle18635614%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/economy/currencies/whats-lifting-the-high-flying-loonie/article4555211/">"What's lifting the high-flying loonie?"</a>. <i>The Globe and Mail</i>. September 19, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121610/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/economy/currencies/whats-lifting-the-high-flying-loonie/article4555211/">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=What%27s+lifting+the+high-flying+loonie%3F&rft.date=2012-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Freport-on-business%2Feconomy%2Fcurrencies%2Fwhats-lifting-the-high-flying-loonie%2Farticle4555211%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-investor/investor-community/trading-shots/seven-reasons-to-invest-in-canada-now/article9470686/">"Seven reasons to invest in Canada now"</a>. <i>The Globe and Mail</i>. March 11, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170121091028/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-investor/investor-community/trading-shots/seven-reasons-to-invest-in-canada-now/article9470686/">Archived</a> from the original on January 21, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Seven+reasons+to+invest+in+Canada+now&rft.date=2013-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fglobe-investor%2Finvestor-community%2Ftrading-shots%2Fseven-reasons-to-invest-in-canada-now%2Farticle9470686%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/top-business-stories/china-likely-sitting-on-billions-of-canadian-dollars/article26619065/">"China likely sitting on billions of Canadian dollars"</a>. <i>The Globe and Mail</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Investopedia&rft.atitle=How+%26+Why+Oil+Impacts+The+Canadian+Dollar&rft.date=2018-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.investopedia.com%2Farticles%2Finvesting%2F021315%2Fhow-why-oil-impacts-canadian-dollar-cad.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070609092030/http://canadianpress.google.com/article/ALeqM5jCO65bVpbfPeEB0a5iAt7A2gFNnQ">"Topsy-turvy world last time loonie was on par with greenback"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Press">Canadian Press</a>. September 20, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://canadianpress.google.com/article/ALeqM5jCO65bVpbfPeEB0a5iAt7A2gFNnQ">the original</a> on June 9, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Topsy-turvy+world+last+time+loonie+was+on+par+with+greenback&rft.date=2007-09-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcanadianpress.google.com%2Farticle%2FALeqM5jCO65bVpbfPeEB0a5iAt7A2gFNnQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012133543/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20070928/loonie_parity_070928/20070928?hub=Canada&s_name=">"Loonie closes above parity with greenback"</a>. ctv.ca. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20070928/loonie_parity_070928/20070928?hub=Canada&s_name=">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(.html)</span> on October 12, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Loonie+closes+above+parity+with+greenback&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctv.ca%2Fservlet%2FArticleNews%2Fstory%2FCTVNews%2F20070928%2Floonie_parity_070928%2F20070928%3Fhub%3DCanada%26s_name%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant2007" class="citation news cs1">Grant, Tavia (November 7, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reportonbusiness.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20071107.wloonie1107/BNStory/Business/home">"China sends loonie flying above $1.10"</a>. <i>The Globe and Mail</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081201102330/http://www.reportonbusiness.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20071107.wloonie1107/BNStory/Business/home">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=China+sends+loonie+flying+above+%241.10&rft.date=2007-11-07&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Tavia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reportonbusiness.com%2Fservlet%2Fstory%2FRTGAM.20071107.wloonie1107%2FBNStory%2FBusiness%2Fhome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newsmaker2007-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Newsmaker2007_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/lofty-loonie-named-time-s-top-canadian-newsmaker-1.657204">"Lofty loonie named Time's top Canadian newsmaker"</a>. Cbc.ca. December 20, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080605173024/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2007/12/20/time-mag-newsmaker.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lofty+loonie+named+Time%27s+top+Canadian+newsmaker&rft.date=2007-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Flofty-loonie-named-time-s-top-canadian-newsmaker-1.657204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xe.com/currencycharts/?from=CAD&to=USD&view=10Y">"XE: CAD / USD Currency Chart. Canadian Dollar to US Dollar Rates"</a>. <i>www.xe.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200110222402/https://www.xe.com/currencycharts/?from=CAD&to=USD&view=10Y">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.xe.com&rft.atitle=XE%3A+CAD+%2F+USD+Currency+Chart.+Canadian+Dollar+to+US+Dollar+Rates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.xe.com%2Fcurrencycharts%2F%3Ffrom%3DCAD%26to%3DUSD%26view%3D10Y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bis.org/statistics/rpfx22_fx.pdf">Triennial Central Bank Survey Foreign exchange turnover in April 2022</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Bank_for_International_Settlements" title="Bank for International Settlements">Bank for International Settlements</a>. October 27, 2022. p. 12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221027140118/https://www.bis.org/statistics/rpfx22_fx.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Triennial+Central+Bank+Survey+Foreign+exchange+turnover+in+April+2022&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Bank+for+International+Settlements&rft.date=2022-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bis.org%2Fstatistics%2Frpfx22_fx.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ca.news.yahoo.com/canadian-dollar-gaining-ground-currency-153509886.html">"Canadian dollar gaining ground as reserve currency, IMF data shows"</a>. <i>ca.news.yahoo.com</i>. October 2, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210509195756/https://ca.news.yahoo.com/canadian-dollar-gaining-ground-currency-153509886.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ca.news.yahoo.com&rft.atitle=Canadian+dollar+gaining+ground+as+reserve+currency%2C+IMF+data+shows&rft.date=2014-10-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fca.news.yahoo.com%2Fcanadian-dollar-gaining-ground-currency-153509886.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knightsbridgefx.com/a-look-at-the-history-of-the-canadian-dollar/">"A Look At The History Of The Canadian Dollar"</a>. <i>KnightsBridgeFX</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190212070614/https://www.knightsbridgefx.com/a-look-at-the-history-of-the-canadian-dollar/">Archived</a> from the original on February 12, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 11,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KnightsBridgeFX&rft.atitle=A+Look+At+The+History+Of+The+Canadian+Dollar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knightsbridgefx.com%2Fa-look-at-the-history-of-the-canadian-dollar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_dollar&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrause,_Chester_L.Clifford_Mishler1991" class="citation book cs1">Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (1991). <i><a href="/wiki/Standard_Catalog_of_World_Coins" title="Standard Catalog of World Coins">Standard Catalog of World Coins</a>: 1801–1991</i> (18th ed.). Krause Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0873411501" title="Special:BookSources/0873411501"><bdi>0873411501</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standard+Catalog+of+World+Coins%3A+1801%E2%80%931991&rft.edition=18th&rft.pub=Krause+Publications&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0873411501&rft.au=Krause%2C+Chester+L.&rft.au=Clifford+Mishler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPick,_Albert1994" class="citation book cs1">Pick, Albert (1994). <i><a href="/wiki/Standard_Catalog_of_World_Paper_Money" title="Standard Catalog of World Paper Money">Standard Catalog of World Paper Money</a>: General Issues</i>. Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors) (7th ed.). Krause Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87341-207-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-87341-207-9"><bdi>0-87341-207-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standard+Catalog+of+World+Paper+Money%3A+General+Issues&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Krause+Publications&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-87341-207-9&rft.au=Pick%2C+Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPick,_Albert1990" class="citation book cs1">Pick, Albert (1990). <i><a href="/wiki/Standard_Catalog_of_World_Paper_Money" title="Standard Catalog of World Paper Money">Standard Catalog of World Paper Money</a>: Specialized Issues</i>. Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors) (6th ed.). Krause Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87341-149-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-87341-149-8"><bdi>0-87341-149-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standard+Catalog+of+World+Paper+Money%3A+Specialized+Issues&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Krause+Publications&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-87341-149-8&rft.au=Pick%2C+Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCBC_News2000" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/bank-of-canada-kills-1000-bill-1.235393">"Bank of Canada kills $1000 bill"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. September 26, 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bank+of+Canada+kills+%241000+bill&rft.date=2000-09-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fbank-of-canada-kills-1000-bill-1.235393&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACanadian+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_dollar&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="https://repolitics.com/features/the-canadian-dollar/">re:politics: The Canadian Dollar</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bankofcanada.ca/rates/exchange/daily-exchange-rates-lookup/">Bank of Canada – Exchange rate lookup</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bankofcanada.ca/banknotes/">Bank of Canada — Bank notes</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Canadian_currency" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_currency_and_coinage" title="Template:Canadian currency and coinage"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_currency_and_coinage" title="Template talk:Canadian currency and coinage"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_currency_and_coinage" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian currency and coinage"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Canadian_currency" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Canadian currency</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Canada" title="Bank of Canada">Bank of Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Canada_Museum" title="Bank of Canada Museum">Museum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Bank_Note_Company" title="Canadian Bank Note Company">Canadian Bank Note Company</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canadian dollar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Canadian_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Canadian dollar">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_on_coins_of_Canada" title="List of people on coins of Canada">Portraits</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Canadian_banking_system" title="Early Canadian banking system">Early Canadian banking system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mint" title="Royal Canadian Mint">Royal Canadian Mint</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_foreign_countries_with_coinage_struck_at_the_Royal_Canadian_Mint" title="List of foreign countries with coinage struck at the Royal Canadian Mint">Foreign coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mint_ice_hockey_coins" title="Royal Canadian Mint ice hockey coins">Ice hockey coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mint_Olympic_coins" title="Royal Canadian Mint Olympic coins">Olympic coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Royal_Canadian_Mint_RCMP_coins" title="List of Royal Canadian Mint RCMP coins">RCMP coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mint_tokens_and_medallions" title="Royal Canadian Mint tokens and medallions">Tokens and medallions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Numismatic_Association" title="Royal Canadian Numismatic Association">Royal Canadian Numismatic Association</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Numismatic_Association_medals_and_awards" title="Royal Canadian Numismatic Association medals and awards">Medals and awards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Paper_Money_Society" title="Canadian Paper Money Society">Canadian Paper Money Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_silver_dollar" title="Canadian silver dollar">Silver dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutilated_currency" title="Mutilated currency">Mutilated currency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Circulating currency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_Canadian_dollar" title="Coins of the Canadian dollar">Coinage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nickel_(Canadian_coin)" title="Nickel (Canadian coin)">5¢ (nickel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dime_(Canadian_coin)" title="Dime (Canadian coin)">10¢ (dime)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_(Canadian_coin)" title="Quarter (Canadian coin)">25¢ (quarter)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_fifty-cent_coin" title="Canadian fifty-cent coin">50¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loonie" title="Loonie">$1 (loonie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toonie" title="Toonie">$2 (toonie)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_Canadian_dollar" title="Banknotes of the Canadian dollar">Banknotes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_five-dollar_note" title="Canadian five-dollar note">$5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_ten-dollar_note" title="Canadian ten-dollar note">$10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_twenty-dollar_note" title="Canadian twenty-dollar note">$20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_fifty-dollar_note" title="Canadian fifty-dollar note">$50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_one-hundred-dollar_note" title="Canadian one-hundred-dollar note">$100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical coinage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Confederation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penny_(Canadian_coin)" title="Penny (Canadian coin)">1¢ (penny)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_twenty-cent_coin" title="Canadian twenty-cent coin">20¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyageur_dollar" title="Voyageur dollar">$1 (Voyageur dollar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-dollar_coin_(Canada)" title="Five-dollar coin (Canada)">$5 gold piece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten-dollar_coin_(Canada)" title="Ten-dollar coin (Canada)">$10 gold piece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Mint_sovereign" title="Ottawa Mint sovereign">Ottawa Mint sovereign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_Newfoundland_dollar" title="Coins of the Newfoundland dollar">Newfoundland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_one_cent" title="Newfoundland one cent">1¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_five_cents" title="Newfoundland five cents">5¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_ten_cents" title="Newfoundland ten cents">10¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_twenty_cents" title="Newfoundland twenty cents">20¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_twenty-five_cents" title="Newfoundland twenty-five cents">25¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_fifty_cents" title="Newfoundland fifty cents">50¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_2-dollar_coin" title="Newfoundland 2-dollar coin">$2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Banknote series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_chartered_bank_notes" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian chartered bank notes">Chartered banknotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Canadian_banknote_series" title="1935 Canadian banknote series">1935 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_Canadian_banknote_series" title="1937 Canadian banknote series">1937 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Landscape" title="Canadian Landscape">Canadian Landscape (1954)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scenes_of_Canada" title="Scenes of Canada">Scenes of Canada (1969-1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birds_of_Canada_(banknotes)" title="Birds of Canada (banknotes)">Birds of Canada (1986-1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Journey" title="Canadian Journey">Canadian Journey (2001-2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontier_(banknotes)" title="Frontier (banknotes)">Frontier (2011-)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_(banknotes)" title="Vertical (banknotes)">Vertical (2018-)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawn_Canadian_banknotes" title="Withdrawn Canadian banknotes">Withdrawn Canadian banknotes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical currencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_France_livre" title="New France livre">New France livre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_pound" title="Canadian pound">Canadian pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick_pound" title="New Brunswick pound">New Brunswick pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_pound" title="Newfoundland pound">Newfoundland pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotian_pound" title="Nova Scotian pound">Nova Scotian pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island_pound" title="Prince Edward Island pound">Prince Edward Island pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_dollar" title="British Columbia dollar">British Columbia dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick_dollar" title="New Brunswick dollar">New Brunswick dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotian_dollar" title="Nova Scotian dollar">Nova Scotian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island_dollar" title="Prince Edward Island dollar">Prince Edward Island dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_dollar" title="Newfoundland dollar">Newfoundland dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commemoratives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penny_(Canadian_coin)#Commemoratives" title="Penny (Canadian coin)">1¢ (penny)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickel_(Canadian_coin)#Commemoratives" title="Nickel (Canadian coin)">5¢ (nickel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dime_(Canadian_coin)#Commemoratives" title="Dime (Canadian coin)">10¢ (dime)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_(Canadian_commemorative_coin)" title="Quarter (Canadian commemorative coin)">25¢ (quarter)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commemorative_banknotes_of_the_Canadian_dollar" title="Commemorative banknotes of the Canadian dollar">Commemorative banknotes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bullion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Silver_Maple_Leaf" title="Canadian Silver Maple Leaf">Silver Maple Leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Gold_Maple_Leaf" title="Canadian Gold Maple Leaf">Gold Maple Leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Platinum_Maple_Leaf" title="Canadian Platinum Maple Leaf">Platinum Maple Leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Palladium_Maple_Leaf" title="Canadian Palladium Maple Leaf">Palladium Maple Leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Maple_Leaf" title="Big Maple Leaf">Big Maple Leaf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-confederation<br />tokens</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blacksmith_token" title="Blacksmith token">Blacksmith token</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouquet_sou" title="Bouquet sou">Bouquet sou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bust_and_harp_tokens" title="Bust and harp tokens">Bust and harp tokens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitant_token" title="Habitant token">Habitant token</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_tokens" title="Hudson's Bay tokens">Hudson's Bay tokens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalen_Island_penny_token" title="Magdalen Island penny token">Magdalen Island penny token</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_and_Lachine_Railroad#Tokens" title="Montreal and Lachine Railroad">Montreal and Lachine Railroad tokens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vexator_Canadiensis_tokens" title="Vexator Canadiensis tokens">Vexator Canadiensis tokens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Community currencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calgary_Dollar" title="Calgary Dollar">Calgary dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_dollar" title="Toronto dollar">Toronto dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Tire_money" title="Canadian Tire money">Canadian Tire money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Spring_dollar" title="Salt Spring dollar">Salt Spring dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Energy#Loyalty" title="Pioneer Energy">Pioneer Bonus Bucks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mint_numismatic_coins_(1900%E2%80%931999)" title="Royal Canadian Mint numismatic coins (1900–1999)">Royal Canadian Mint numismatic coins (1900–1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mint_numismatic_coins_(2000%E2%80%932019)" title="Royal Canadian Mint numismatic coins (2000–2019)">Royal Canadian Mint numismatic coins (2000–2019)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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dollar">Bermudian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_dollar" title="Brunei dollar">Brunei dollar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canadian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands_dollar" title="Cayman Islands dollar">Cayman Islands dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_dollar" title="Cook Islands dollar">Cook Islands dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Caribbean_dollar" title="Eastern Caribbean dollar">Eastern Caribbean dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_dollar" title="Fijian dollar">Fijian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_dollar" title="Guyanese dollar">Guyanese dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_dollar" title="Hong Kong dollar">Hong Kong dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_dollar" title="Jamaican dollar">Jamaican dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati_dollar" title="Kiribati dollar">Kiribati dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_dollar" title="Liberian dollar">Liberian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_dollar" title="Namibian dollar">Namibian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_dollar" title="New Zealand dollar">New Zealand dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_t%C4%81l%C4%81" title="Samoan tālā">Samoan tālā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_dollar" title="Singapore dollar">Singapore dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_dollar" title="Solomon Islands dollar">Solomon Islands dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_dollar" title="Surinamese dollar">Surinamese dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Taiwan_dollar" title="New Taiwan dollar">New Taiwan dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_dollar" title="Trinidad and Tobago dollar">Trinidad and Tobago dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_dollar" title="Tuvaluan dollar">Tuvaluan dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">United States dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Circulating,<br />but renamed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_yuan#Connection_with_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese yuan">Chinese yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_birr" title="Ethiopian birr">Ethiopian birr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_ringgit" title="Malaysian ringgit">Malaysian ringgit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_dollar" title="Antigua dollar">Antigua dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_dollar" title="British Columbia dollar">British Columbia dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_North_Borneo_dollar" title="British North Borneo dollar">British North Borneo dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_West_Indies_dollar" title="British West Indies dollar">British West Indies dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceylonese_rixdollar" title="Ceylonese rixdollar">Ceylonese rixdollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_dollar" title="Confederate States dollar">Confederate States dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_American_currency#Continental_currency" title="Early American currency">Continental dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_rigsdaler" title="Danish rigsdaler">Danish rigsdaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_West_Indian_daler" title="Danish West Indian daler">Danish West Indian daler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_West_Indian_rigsdaler" title="Danish West Indian rigsdaler">Danish West Indian rigsdaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_dollar" title="Dominican dollar">Dominican dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_rijksdaalder" title="Dutch rijksdaalder">Dutch rijksdaalder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_rigsdaler" title="Greenlandic rigsdaler">Greenlandic rigsdaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenadian_dollar" title="Grenadian dollar">Grenadian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_dollar" title="Hawaiian dollar">Hawaiian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_government-issued_dollar_in_Malaya_and_Borneo" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese government-issued dollar in Malaya and Borneo">Japanese occupation dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiautschou_dollar" title="Kiautschou dollar">Kiautschou dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaya_and_British_Borneo_dollar" title="Malaya and British Borneo dollar">Malaya and British Borneo dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_dollar" title="Malayan dollar">Malayan dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_dollar" title="Mauritian dollar">Mauritian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_dollar" title="Mongolian dollar">Mongolian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevisian_dollar" title="Nevisian dollar">Nevisian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick_dollar" title="New Brunswick dollar">New Brunswick dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_dollar" title="Newfoundland dollar">Newfoundland dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_rigsdaler" title="Norwegian rigsdaler">Norwegian rigsdaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_speciedaler" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian speciedaler">Norwegian speciedaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotian_dollar" title="Nova Scotian dollar">Nova Scotian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang_dollar" title="Penang dollar">Penang dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island_dollar" title="Prince Edward Island dollar">Prince Edward Island dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currencies_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Currencies of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodesian_dollar" title="Rhodesian dollar">Rhodesian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_dollar" title="Saint Kitts dollar">Saint Kitts dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia_dollar" title="Saint Lucia dollar">Saint Lucia dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_dollar" title="Saint Vincent dollar">Saint Vincent dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_dollar" title="Sarawak dollar">Sarawak dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_dollar" title="Sierra Leonean dollar">Sierra Leonean dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_tolar" title="Slovenian tolar">Slovenian tolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollar" title="Spanish dollar">Spanish dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straits_dollar" title="Straits dollar">Straits dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumatran_dollar" title="Sumatran dollar">Sumatran dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_riksdaler" title="Swedish riksdaler">Swedish riksdaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Taiwan_dollar" title="Old Taiwan dollar">Old Taiwan dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_dollar" title="Texas dollar">Texas dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_dollar" title="Trinidadian dollar">Trinidadian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobagonian_dollar" title="Tobagonian dollar">Tobagonian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_dollar" title="Zimbabwean dollar">Zimbabwean dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_dollar_(2019%E2%80%932024)" title="Zimbabwean dollar (2019–2024)">Zimbabwean dollar (2019–2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Noncirculating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niue_dollar" title="Niue dollar">Niue dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands_dollar" title="Pitcairn Islands dollar">Pitcairn Islands dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conceptual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurodollar" title="Eurodollar">Eurodollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrodollar_recycling" title="Petrodollar recycling">Petrodollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_dollar" title="International dollar">International dollar</a> (Geary–Khamis dollar)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Virtual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Second_Life" title="Economy of Second Life">Linden dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entropia_Universe" title="Entropia Universe">Project Entropia Dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fictional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angus_Bucks" title="Angus Bucks">Angus Bucks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calgary_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="Calgary dollar">Calgary dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Tire_money" title="Canadian Tire money">Canadian Tire money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_Dollars" title="Disney Dollars">Disney Dollars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_dollar_(private_currency)" title="Liberty dollar (private currency)">Liberty dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Spring_dollar" title="Salt Spring dollar">Salt Spring dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_dollar" title="Toronto dollar">Toronto dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dollar_sign" title="Dollar sign">Dollar sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_dollar" title="Half dollar">Half dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_dollar" title="Quarter dollar">Quarter dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holey_dollar" title="Holey dollar">Holey dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaler" title="Thaler">Thaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolar" title="Tolar">Tolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_dollar" title="Trade dollar">Trade dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_bond_coins" title="Zimbabwean bond coins">Zimbabwean bond coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_bond_notes" title="Zimbabwean bond notes">Zimbabwean bond notes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Currencies_of_the_Americas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Currencies_of_the_Americas" title="Template:Currencies of the Americas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Currencies_of_the_Americas" title="Template talk:Currencies of the Americas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Currencies_of_the_Americas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Currencies of the Americas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Currencies_of_the_Americas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">Currencies</a> of the Americas</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermudian_dollar" title="Bermudian dollar">Bermudian dollar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Canadian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_krone" title="Danish krone">Danish krone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_peso" title="Mexican peso">Mexican peso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">U.S. dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruban_florin" title="Aruban florin">Aruban florin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamian_dollar" title="Bahamian dollar">Bahamian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_dollar" title="Barbadian dollar">Barbadian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands_dollar" title="Cayman Islands dollar">Cayman Islands dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_peso" title="Cuban peso">Cuban peso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_peso" title="Dominican peso">Dominican peso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Caribbean_dollar" title="Eastern Caribbean dollar">East Caribbean dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_gourde" title="Haitian gourde">Haitian gourde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_dollar" title="Jamaican dollar">Jamaican dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antillean_guilder" title="Netherlands Antillean guilder">Netherlands Antillean guilder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_dollar" title="Trinidad and Tobago dollar">Trinidad and Tobago dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">U.S. dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitcoin" title="Bitcoin">Bitcoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize_dollar" title="Belize dollar">Belize dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rican_col%C3%B3n" title="Costa Rican colón">Costa Rican colón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_quetzal" title="Guatemalan quetzal">Guatemalan quetzal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_lempira" title="Honduran lempira">Honduran lempira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_c%C3%B3rdoba" title="Nicaraguan córdoba">Nicaraguan córdoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_balboa" title="Panamanian balboa">Panamanian balboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">U.S. dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_peso" title="Argentine peso">Argentine peso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_boliviano" title="Bolivian boliviano">Bolivian boliviano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_real" title="Brazilian real">Brazilian real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_peso" title="Chilean peso">Chilean peso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_peso" title="Colombian peso">Colombian peso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands_pound" title="Falkland Islands pound">Falkland Islands pound</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_dollar" title="Guyanese dollar">Guyanese dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_guaran%C3%AD" title="Paraguayan guaraní">Paraguayan guaraní</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_sol" title="Peruvian sol">Peruvian sol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_dollar" title="Surinamese dollar">Surinamese dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_peso" title="Uruguayan peso">Uruguayan peso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">U.S. dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_bol%C3%ADvar" title="Venezuelan bolívar">Venezuelan bolívar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_guilder" title="Caribbean guilder">Caribbean guilder</a> (from 2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canada_topics" title="Template:Canada topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canada_topics" title="Template talk:Canada topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canada_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canada topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada" title="History of Canada">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_Canada" title="List of years in Canada">Year list</a></b> <br />(<b><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Canadian_history" title="Timeline of Canadian history">timeline</a>)</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_indigenous_peoples_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the indigenous peoples of Canada">Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France (1534–1763)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada_(1763%E2%80%931867)" title="History of Canada (1763–1867)">British Canada (1763–1867)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Confederation_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931914)" title="Post-Confederation Canada (1867–1914)">Post-Confederation (1867–1914)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_the_world_wars_and_interwar_period" title="Canada in the world wars and interwar period">World wars and interwar period (1914–1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada_(1945%E2%80%931960)" title="History of Canada (1945–1960)">1945–1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada_(1960%E2%80%931981)" title="History of Canada (1960–1981)">1960–1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canada_(1982%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Canada (1982–present)">since 1982</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Canada#History_of_Canada" title="Outline of Canada">Topics</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_history_of_Canada" title="Constitutional history of Canada">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada_and_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada and the Indigenous peoples of Canada">Crown and Indigenous people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Canada" title="Economic history of Canada">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Canada" title="Name of Canada">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_colonies_and_territories_in_Canada" title="Former colonies and territories in Canada">Former colonies and territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_immigration_to_Canada" title="History of immigration to Canada">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canadian_foreign_policy" title="History of Canadian foreign policy">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Canada" title="Military history of Canada">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_monarchy_in_Canada" title="History of monarchy in Canada">Monarchical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada" title="National Historic Sites of Canada">National Historic Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persons_of_National_Historic_Significance" title="Persons of National Historic Significance">Persons of significance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Canada" title="Racism in Canada">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Canada" title="Territorial evolution of Canada">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_Canada" title="History of women in Canada">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Provinces<br />and territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Canada" title="Geography of Canada">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Canada" title="List of regions of Canada">Regions</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(west to east)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Prairies" title="Canadian Prairies">Canadian Prairies</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Canada" title="Northern Canada">Northern Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Shield" title="Canadian Shield">Canadian Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Canada" title="Central Canada">Central Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_region" title="Great Lakes region">Great Lakes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Canada" title="Eastern Canada">Eastern Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Maritimes" title="The Maritimes">The Maritimes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Canada#Geography_of_Canada" title="Outline of Canada">Topics</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Canada" title="List of cities in Canada">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Canada" title="List of earthquakes in Canada">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Canada" title="List of islands of Canada">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_peaks_of_Canada" title="Mountain peaks of Canada">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Canada" title="National parks of Canada">National Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Canada" title="List of rivers of Canada">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Canada" title="Wildlife of Canada">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanism_of_Canada" title="Volcanism of Canada">Volcanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Canada" title="Law of Canada">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Canada" title="Constitution of Canada">Constitution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Monarch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament</a> (<a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Canada" title="List of prime ministers of Canada">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_system_of_Canada" title="Court system of Canada">Courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Canada" title="Supreme Court of Canada">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces" title="Canadian Armed Forces">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_peacekeeping" title="Canadian peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_government_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal government in Canada">Local government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Canada" title="Foreign relations of Canada">Foreign relations</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Politics" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Canada" title="Politics of Canada">Politics</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Canada" title="Elections in Canada">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Canada" title="Human rights in Canada">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Canada" title="Feminism in Canada">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_genocide_of_Indigenous_peoples" title="Canadian genocide of Indigenous peoples">Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Canada" title="LGBTQ rights in Canada">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism_in_Canada" title="Multiculturalism in Canada">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Canada" title="Cannabis in Canada">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearms_regulation_in_Canada" title="Firearms regulation in Canada">Firearms regulation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Canada" title="Economy of Canada">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Canada" title="Agriculture in Canada">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming_in_Canada" title="Dairy farming in Canada">Dairy farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floriculture_in_Canada" title="Floriculture in Canada">Floriculture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Canada" title="Banking in Canada">Banking</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dollar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Canada" title="Telecommunications in Canada">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Canada" title="List of companies of Canada">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Canada" title="Energy policy of Canada">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Canada" title="Fishing industry in Canada">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_reserves_in_Canada" title="Oil reserves in Canada">Oil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Canada" title="Petroleum industry in Canada">Petroleum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Stock_Exchange" title="Toronto Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Canada" title="Taxation in Canada">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Canada" title="Tourism in Canada">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Canada" title="Transportation in Canada">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Canada" title="Science and technology in Canada">Science and tech</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Canada" title="Demographics of Canada">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_origins_of_people_in_Canada" title="Ethnic origins of people in Canada">Ethnicity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Canada" title="Immigration to Canada">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Canada" title="Languages of Canada">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Canada" title="Religion in Canada">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_census" title="2021 Canadian census">2021 Census</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_of_Canada" title="Population of Canada">Population</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_census_metropolitan_areas_and_agglomerations_in_Canada" title="List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada">Metropolitan areas and agglomerations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_population_centres_in_Canada" title="List of the largest population centres in Canada">Population centres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_municipalities_in_Canada_by_population" title="List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population">Municipalities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Canada" title="Education in Canada">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Canada" title="Higher education in Canada">Higher education</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Canada" title="Healthcare in Canada">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Canada" title="Abortion in Canada">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthanasia_in_Canada" title="Euthanasia in Canada">Euthanasia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Canada" title="Law enforcement in Canada">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Canada" title="Crime in Canada">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Canada" title="Corruption in Canada">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Canada" title="Terrorism in Canada">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Canada" title="Poverty in Canada">Poverty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Canada" title="Homelessness in Canada">Homelessness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_programs_in_Canada" title="Social programs in Canada">Social programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_values" title="Canadian values">Values</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Canada" title="Culture of Canada">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Canada" title="Architecture of Canada">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_art" title="Canadian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Canada" title="Cinema of Canada">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_cuisine" title="Canadian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_folklore" title="Canadian folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Canada" title="Public holidays in Canada">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_identity" title="Canadian identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_inventions,_innovations,_and_discoveries" title="List of Canadian inventions, innovations, and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_literature" title="Canadian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Canada" title="Music of Canada">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian media">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Canadians" title="Lists of Canadians">Individuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_cultural_protectionism" title="Canadian cultural protectionism">Protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Canada" title="Sports in Canada">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Canada" title="Theatre of Canada">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Symbols" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><b><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Canada" title="National symbols of Canada">Symbols</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/O_Canada" title="O Canada">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Canada" title="Coat of arms of Canada">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Canada" title="Flag of Canada">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_flags" title="List of Canadian flags">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_provincial_and_territorial_symbols" title="List of Canadian provincial and territorial symbols">Provincial and territorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_royal_symbols" title="Canadian royal symbols">Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_heraldry" title="Canadian heraldry">Heraldic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_tartans_of_Canada" title="Regional tartans of Canada">Tartans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Canada-related_articles" title="Index of Canada-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Canada" title="Outline of Canada">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canada-related_topics_by_provinces_and_territories" title="List of Canada-related topics by provinces and territories">Topics by provinces and territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Canada" title="Bibliography of Canada">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_Canada" title="Historiography of Canada">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_historians" title="List of Canadian historians">Historians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_studies" title="Canadian studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_Canada" title="International rankings of Canada">Indices</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 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