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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Començament</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geografia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Geografia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Clima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Clima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istòria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istòria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Istòria</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Istòria-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Istòria</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Istòria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Preïstòria_e_Antiquitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preïstòria_e_Antiquitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Preïstòria e Antiquitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preïstòria_e_Antiquitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boèmia_avans_lo_periòde_Habsborg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boèmia_avans_lo_periòde_Habsborg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Boèmia avans lo periòde Habsborg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boèmia_avans_lo_periòde_Habsborg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-La_dinastia_Premíslida" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_dinastia_Premíslida"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>La dinastia Premíslida</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_dinastia_Premíslida-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'apogèu_dau_Reiaume_de_Boèmia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'apogèu_dau_Reiaume_de_Boèmia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>L'apogèu dau Reiaume de Boèmia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'apogèu_dau_Reiaume_de_Boèmia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lo_rèine_de_Venceslas_IV_e_lo_procès_de_Jan_Hus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_rèine_de_Venceslas_IV_e_lo_procès_de_Jan_Hus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Lo rèine de Venceslas IV e lo procès de Jan Hus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lo_rèine_de_Venceslas_IV_e_lo_procès_de_Jan_Hus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lei_Guèrras_Hussitas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lei_Guèrras_Hussitas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Lei Guèrras Hussitas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lei_Guèrras_Hussitas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_presa_de_contraròtle_de_Boèmia_per_l'Ostau_Habsborg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_presa_de_contraròtle_de_Boèmia_per_l'Ostau_Habsborg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.5</span> <span>La presa de contraròtle de Boèmia per l'Ostau Habsborg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_presa_de_contraròtle_de_Boèmia_per_l'Ostau_Habsborg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lo_periòde_Habsborg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_periòde_Habsborg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Lo periòde Habsborg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lo_periòde_Habsborg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-La_Reforma_Protestanta_en_Boèmia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_Reforma_Protestanta_en_Boèmia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>La Reforma Protestanta en Boèmia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_Reforma_Protestanta_en_Boèmia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_la_defenestracion_de_Praga_a_la_batalha_de_la_Montanha_Blanca" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_la_defenestracion_de_Praga_a_la_batalha_de_la_Montanha_Blanca"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>De la defenestracion de Praga a la batalha de la Montanha Blanca</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_la_defenestracion_de_Praga_a_la_batalha_de_la_Montanha_Blanca-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-«_Lei_Tenèbras_»" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#«_Lei_Tenèbras_»"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>« Lei Tenèbras »</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-«_Lei_Tenèbras_»-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_la_Guèrra_de_Succession_d'Àustria_ai_reformas_de_Josèp_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_la_Guèrra_de_Succession_d'Àustria_ai_reformas_de_Josèp_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.4</span> <span>De la Guèrra de Succession d'Àustria ai reformas de Josèp II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_la_Guèrra_de_Succession_d'Àustria_ai_reformas_de_Josèp_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'aparicion_dau_nacionalisme_chèc" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'aparicion_dau_nacionalisme_chèc"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.5</span> <span>L'aparicion dau nacionalisme chèc</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'aparicion_dau_nacionalisme_chèc-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_la_Prima_de_1848_a_la_Premiera_Guèrra_Mondiala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_la_Prima_de_1848_a_la_Premiera_Guèrra_Mondiala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.6</span> <span>De la Prima de 1848 a la Premiera Guèrra Mondiala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_la_Prima_de_1848_a_la_Premiera_Guèrra_Mondiala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_naissença_de_Checoslovaquia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_naissença_de_Checoslovaquia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.7</span> <span>La naissença de Checoslovaquia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_naissença_de_Checoslovaquia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lo_periòde_checoslovac" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_periòde_checoslovac"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Lo periòde checoslovac</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lo_periòde_checoslovac-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-La_question_frontaliera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_question_frontaliera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>La question frontaliera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_question_frontaliera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_Premiera_Republica_Checoslovaca" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_Premiera_Republica_Checoslovaca"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>La Premiera Republica Checoslovaca</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_Premiera_Republica_Checoslovaca-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'espeçatge_de_Checoslovaquia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'espeçatge_de_Checoslovaquia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.3</span> <span>L'espeçatge de Checoslovaquia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'espeçatge_de_Checoslovaquia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_Segonda_Guèrra_Mondiala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_Segonda_Guèrra_Mondiala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.4</span> <span>La Segonda Guèrra Mondiala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_Segonda_Guèrra_Mondiala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dau_Còp_de_Praga_a_la_Prima_de_Praga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dau_Còp_de_Praga_a_la_Prima_de_Praga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.5</span> <span>Dau Còp de Praga a la Prima de Praga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dau_Còp_de_Praga_a_la_Prima_de_Praga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_fin_dau_periòde_comunista" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_fin_dau_periòde_comunista"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.6</span> <span>La fin dau periòde comunista</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_fin_dau_periòde_comunista-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lo_partiment_de_Checoslovaquia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lo_partiment_de_Checoslovaquia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.7</span> <span>Lo partiment de Checoslovaquia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lo_partiment_de_Checoslovaquia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_Republica_Chèca_dempuei_1993" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_Republica_Chèca_dempuei_1993"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>La Republica Chèca dempuei 1993</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_Republica_Chèca_dempuei_1993-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Regions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Cultura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annèxas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annèxas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Annèxas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Annèxas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Annèxas</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Annèxas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vejatz_tanben" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vejatz_tanben"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Vejatz tanben</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vejatz_tanben-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voses_connèxas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voses_connèxas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Voses connèxas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voses_connèxas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nòtas_e_referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Nòtas e referéncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Republica Chèca</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 279 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-279" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">279 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Чехиа - abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Чехиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8kia" title="Cèkia - atjeh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Cèkia" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="atjeh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Чехие - adigué" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Чехие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adigué" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjeggi%C3%AB" title="Tsjeggië - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tsjeggië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechien" title="Tschechien - aleman de Soïssa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tschechien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="aleman de Soïssa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B8%E1%8A%AA%E1%8B%AB" title="ቸኪያ - amaric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቸኪያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia - Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Checa" title="Republica Checa - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Republica Checa" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Aecland" title="Ċecland - anglès antic" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ċecland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="anglès antic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesika" title="Chesika - obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Chesika" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="चेक रिपब्लिक - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="चेक रिपब्लिक" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83" title="جمهورية التشيك - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جمهورية التشيك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%AC%DC%AB%DC%9D%DC%9F" title="ܬܫܝܟ - arameu" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܬܫܝܟ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83" title="التشيك - arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="التشيك" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تشيكيا - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تشيكيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="চেক গণৰাজ্য - assamès" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চেক গণৰাজ্য" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chequia" title="Chequia - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Chequia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия - àvar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="àvar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceska" title="Ceska - kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Ceska" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="चेक रिपब्लिक - awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="चेक रिपब्लिक" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chexya_Ripublika" title="Chexya Ripublika - aimara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Chexya Ripublika" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87exiya" title="Çexiya - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çexiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%A9_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="چک جومهوریتی - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چک جومهوریتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publik_C%C3%A9ko" title="Républik Céko - balinés" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Républik Céko" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechei" title="Tschechei - bavarès" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tschechei" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cek%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Čekėjė - samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Čekėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsekya" title="Tsekya - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tsekya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Чэхія - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чэхія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Чэхія - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чэхія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8ki" title="Cèki - betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Cèki" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="चेक रिपब्लिक - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="चेक रिपब्लिक" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jek_Ripablik" title="Jek Ripablik - bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Jek Ripablik" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="চেক প্রজাতন্ত্র - bengalin" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চেক প্রজাতন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8D" title="ཅེ་ཁེ། - tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཅེ་ཁེ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="চেক প্রজাতন্ত্র - bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="চেক প্রজাতন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchekia" title="Tchekia - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tchekia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ka" title="Češka - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Češka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Чехи Улас - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Бүгэдэ Найрамдаха Чехи Улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tx%C3%A8quia" title="Txèquia - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Txèquia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chequia" title="Chequia - Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Chequia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C4%95k-k%C3%A1ik" title="Ciĕk-káik - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ciĕk-káik" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Чехи - chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Чехи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasod_nga_Czech" title="Nasod nga Czech - cebuan" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Nasod nga Czech" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chekia" title="Chekia - chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Chekia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A4%E1%8E%A9_%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%9A%E1%8E%A9" title="ᏤᎩ ᏍᎦᏚᎩ - cheroqui" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏤᎩ ᏍᎦᏚᎩ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cheroqui" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia - xeiene" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="xeiene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="کۆماری چیک - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆماری چیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecch%C3%ACa" title="Cecchìa - còrs" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Cecchìa" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="còrs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ehiya" title="Çehiya - tàtar de Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Çehiya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tàtar de Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesko" title="Česko - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Česko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czesk%C3%B4_Rep%C3%B9blika" title="Czeskô Repùblika - caixubi" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Czeskô Repùblika" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="caixubi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%94%D1%88%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Чєшьско - eslavon" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Чєшьско" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="eslavon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Чех Республики - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чех Республики" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsiecia" title="Tsiecia - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tsiecia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjekkiet" title="Tjekkiet - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tjekkiet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechien" title="Tschechien - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tschechien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ekya" title="Çekya - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Çekya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ceska" title="Česka - baix sòrab" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Česka" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="baix sòrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="चेक गणतन्त्र - Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="चेक गणतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%97%DE%AC%DE%86%DE%B0_%DE%96%DE%AA%DE%89%DE%B0%DE%80%DE%AB%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%94%DE%A7" title="ޗެކް ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ - divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޗެކް ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8B" title="ཅེཀ་རི་པབ་ལིཀ་ - dzongka" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཅེཀ་རི་པབ་ལིཀ་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia - ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τσεχία - grèc" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τσεχία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Czech Republic" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88e%C4%A5io" title="Ĉeĥio - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉeĥio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Checa" title="República Checa - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="República Checa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1ehhi" title="Tšehhi - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tšehhi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txekia" title="Txekia - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txekia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAbrica_Checa" title="Repúbrica Checa - extremeny" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Repúbrica Checa" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremeny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%86%DA%A9" title="جمهوری چک - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جمهوری چک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cekiya" title="Cekiya - ful" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Cekiya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="ful" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="article recomanat"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1ekki" title="Tšekki - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tšekki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsehhi_Vabariik" title="Tsehhi Vabariik - võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tsehhi Vabariik" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekkia" title="Kekkia - feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kekkia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tch%C3%A9quie" title="Tchéquie - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tchéquie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tch%C3%A8quia" title="Tchèquia - francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Tchèquia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechien" title="Tschechien - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tschechien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cechie" title="Cechie - friolan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cechie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friolan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechje" title="Tsjechje - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tsjechje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSeic" title="An tSeic - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSeic" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ehiya" title="Çehiya - gagaús" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Çehiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagaús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9piblik_tch%C3%A8k" title="Répiblik tchèk - créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Répiblik tchèk" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_t-Seic" title="An t-Seic - gaelic escossés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An t-Seic" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Checa" title="República Checa - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="República Checa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%A9_%D9%9A_%D8%AC%D8%A4%D9%85%DB%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="چک ٚ جؤمۊري - gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="چک ٚ جؤمۊري" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A9kia" title="Chékia - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Chékia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="झेक प्रजासत्ताक - concani de Goa" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="झेक प्रजासत्ताक" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="concani de Goa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐍄𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 - gòtic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍄𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gòtic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9D%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%95_%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%A3%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF" title="ઝેક ગણરાજ્ય - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઝેક ગણરાજ્ય" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_%C3%87heck" title="Yn Çheck - manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Çheck" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazech" title="Kazech - haussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kazech" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhia%CC%8Dp-khiet" title="Chhia̍p-khiet - xinès hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chhia̍p-khiet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="xinès hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiekia" title="Tiekia - hawaià" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Tiekia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%94" title="צ'כיה - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'כיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="चेक गणराज्य - Indi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चेक गणराज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Indi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ka" title="Češka - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Češka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C4%9Bska" title="Čěska - naut sorab" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Čěska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="naut sorab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repiblik_Tch%C3%A8k" title="Repiblik Tchèk - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Repiblik Tchèk" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csehorsz%C3%A1g" title="Csehország - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csehország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A5%D5%AD%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Չեխիա - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չեխիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A5%D5%AD%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Չեխիա - arménien occidental" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Չեխիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="arménien occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Chec" title="Republica Chec - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Republica Chec" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceko" title="Ceko - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ceko" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchekia" title="Tchekia - interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Tchekia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chekia" title="Chekia - igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Chekia" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siakia" title="Siakia - inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Siakia" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_a_Tseka" title="Republika a Tseka - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Republika a Tseka" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chekia" title="Chekia - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Chekia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9kkland" title="Tékkland - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tékkland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblica_Ceca" title="Repubblica Ceca - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Repubblica Ceca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B3" title="チェコ - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チェコ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chek_Ripoblik" title="Chek Ripoblik - crioll anglès de Jamaica" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Chek Ripoblik" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="crioll anglès de Jamaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/tcesk.zei_gubyseltru" title="tcesk.zei gubyseltru - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="tcesk.zei gubyseltru" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publik_C%C3%A9ko" title="Républik Céko - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Républik Céko" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ჩეხეთი - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩეხეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chexiya" title="Chexiya - karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Chexiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cik" title="Čik - cabil" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Čik" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8D" title="Чехиэ - kabardí" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Чехиэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C9%9B%C9%9Bk%C9%A9" title="Cɛɛkɩ - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Cɛɛkɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%CC%B1pobi%CC%B1lik_Cek" title="Ri̱pobi̱lik Cek - tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ri̱pobi̱lik Cek" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_tch%C3%A8que" title="République tchèque - kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="République tchèque" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия - cazac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%86%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%80" title="ឆែក - cambojian" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ឆែក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="cambojian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ಜೆಕ್ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೆಕ್ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%B4%EC%BD%94" title="체코 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="체코" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Ческо - komi-permiac" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Ческо" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permiac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия - karatxai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatxai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ekya" title="Çekya - curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çekya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия - komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pow_Chek" title="Pow Chek - cornic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pow Chek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cechia" title="Cechia - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cechia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repuvlika_Cheka" title="Repuvlika Cheka - ladin" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Repuvlika Cheka" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechesch_Republik" title="Tschechesch Republik - luxemborgés" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tschechesch Republik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemborgés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия - Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия - lesguià" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesguià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txesco" title="Txesco - lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Txesco" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechi%C3%AB" title="Tsjechië - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Tsjechië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubbrica_Ceca" title="Repubbrica Ceca - lígur" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Repubbrica Ceca" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lígur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Ceca" title="Republica Ceca - Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Republica Ceca" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cechia" title="Cechia - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cechia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shekia" title="Shekia - lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Shekia" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B5" title="ປະເທດເຊັກກີ - laosian" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດເຊັກກີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cekija" title="Čekija - lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Čekija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cekeja" title="Čekeja - latgalien" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Čekeja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="latgalien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cehija" title="Čehija - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Čehija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceko" title="Ceko - madurès" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Ceko" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceko" title="Ceko - Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Ceko" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Чехмастор - mordovià moksa" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Чехмастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mordovià moksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsekia" title="Tsekia - malgash" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tsekia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Чехий - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Чехий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%ABekia" title="Tīekia - maòri" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tīekia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maòri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceko" title="Ceko - minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Ceko" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Чешка - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чешка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ചെക്ക് റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക് - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചെക്ക് റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85" title="Чех - mongòl" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Чех" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%93%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9B_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9B" title="ꯓꯦꯛ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ - manipurí" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯓꯦꯛ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="चेक प्रजासत्ताक - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चेक प्रजासत्ताक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Czech" title="Republik Czech - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Republik Czech" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Aekja" title="Ċekja - maltés" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ċekja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Checa" title="República Checa - mirandés" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="República Checa" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%99%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ချက်သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ - birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ချက်သမ္မတနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Чехия Мастор - mordovià erza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Чехия Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="mordovià erza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%A9_(%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1)" title="چک (کشور) - mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چک (کشور)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubbreca_Ceca" title="Repubbreca Ceca - napolità" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Repubbreca Ceca" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechien" title="Tschechien - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Tschechien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechie" title="Tsjechie - baix saxó" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Tsjechie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baix saxó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="चेक गणतन्त्र - nepalés" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चेक गणतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="चेक गणतन्त्र - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चेक गणतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechi%C3%AB" title="Tsjechië - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tsjechië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjekkia" title="Tsjekkia - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tsjekkia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjekkia" title="Tsjekkia - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tsjekkia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chekia" title="Chekia - novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Chekia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tch%C3%A9quie" title="Tchéquie - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Tchéquie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzi%C5%82ts%CA%BC%C3%B3%C3%B3z%C3%AD_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Dziłtsʼóózí Dineʼé Bikéyah - navaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dziłtsʼóózí Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic - nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Czech Republic" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ceehii" title="Čeehii - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Čeehii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheekiyaa" title="Cheekiyaa - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Cheekiyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9A%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D_%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%A3%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F" title="ଚେକ୍ ଗଣରାଜ୍ୟ - oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଚେକ୍ ଗଣରାଜ୍ୟ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Чехи - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Чехи" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਚੈੱਕ ਗਣਰਾਜ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚੈੱਕ ਗਣਰਾਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsekya" title="Tsekya - pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Tsekya" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikang_Tseku" title="Republikang Tseku - pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Republikang Tseku" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia - papiament" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiament" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tch%C3%A8kie" title="Tchèkie - picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Tchèkie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschecherei" title="Tschecherei - alemany pennsilvanià" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Tschecherei" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="alemany pennsilvanià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechien" title="Tschechien - alemany palatí" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Tschechien" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="alemany palatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="चेक रिपब्लिक - pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="चेक रिपब्लिक" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chekya" title="Chekya - Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Chekya" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechy" title="Czechy - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czechy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9blica_Ceca" title="Repùblica Ceca - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Repùblica Ceca" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="چیک لوکراج - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چیک لوکراج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τσεχία - pòntic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Τσεχία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="pòntic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DA%A9_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="چک جمهوریت - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="چک جمهوریت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A9quia" title="Chéquia - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chéquia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiksuyu" title="Chiksuyu - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chiksuyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechia" title="Tschechia - romanch" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Tschechia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chexiya" title="Chexiya - Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Chexiya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cehia" title="Cehia - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cehia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cehia" title="Cehia - aromanès" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Cehia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubbleche_Ceche" title="Repubbleche Ceche - Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Repubbleche Ceche" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Чесько - ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Чесько" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cekiya" title="Cekiya - ruandès" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Cekiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="ruandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D" title="जेक् रिपब्लिक् - sanscrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जेक् रिपब्लिक्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8D" title="Чиэхийэ - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Чиэхийэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A0_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A" title="ᱪᱮᱠ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱪᱮᱠ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱛᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9blica_Ceca" title="Repùblica Ceca - sard" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Repùblica Ceca" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip%C3%B9bblica_Ceca" title="Ripùbblica Ceca - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ripùbblica Ceca" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic - escossés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Czech Republic" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%8A%DA%AA_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="چيڪ جمهوريا - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="چيڪ جمهوريا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cehkkia" title="Čehkkia - sami septentrional" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Čehkkia" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ka" title="Češka - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Češka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagdudant_n_Tcik" title="Tagdudant n Tcik - taixelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tagdudant n Tcik" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="taixelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B6%E1%80%BB%E1%82%85%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="မိူင်းၶျႅၵ်ႈ - xan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၶျႅၵ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="xan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BA" title="චෙක් ජනරජය - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චෙක් ජනරජය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Czech Republic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cesko" title="Česko - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Česko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ka" title="Češka - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Češka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripapelika_o_Sieki" title="Ripapelika o Sieki - samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Ripapelika o Sieki" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1ekki" title="Tšekki - sami d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Tšekki" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheki" title="Cheki - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Cheki" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamhuuriyadda_Jek" title="Jamhuuriyadda Jek - somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jamhuuriyadda Jek" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_%C3%87eke" title="Republika Çeke - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Republika Çeke" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Чешка - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чешка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjekikondre" title="Tsjekikondre - sranan" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Tsjekikondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shekhi" title="Shekhi - swazi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Shekhi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swazi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia - soto del sud" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="soto del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschechien" title="Tschechien - saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Tschechien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9ko" title="Céko - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Céko" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjeckien" title="Tjeckien - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tjeckien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ucheki" title="Ucheki - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ucheki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czesko_Republika" title="Czesko Republika - silesià" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Czesko Republika" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia - Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="செக் குடியரசு - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செக் குடியரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia - Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="చెక్ గణతంత్రం - telogó" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చెక్ గణతంత్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telogó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblika_Xeka" title="Repúblika Xeka - tètum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Repúblika Xeka" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tètum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия - tajic" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศเช็กเกีย - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศเช็กเกีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ehi%C3%BDa" title="Çehiýa - turcmèn" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Çehiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcmèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikang_Tseko" title="Republikang Tseko - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Republikang Tseko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cexij%C9%99" title="Cexijə - talix" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Cexijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepupelika_Seki" title="Lepupelika Seki - tongalès" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Lepupelika Seki" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sek_Ripablik" title="Sek Ripablik - tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Sek Ripablik" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ekya" title="Çekya - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çekya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia - taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic - tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Czech Republic" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия - tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechia" title="Czechia - tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Czechia" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tieti" title="Tieti - tahician" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Tieti" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Чехия - udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Чехия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%90%D8%AE_%D8%AC%DB%87%D9%85%DA%BE%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95%D8%AA%D9%89" title="چېخ جۇمھۇرىيەتى - oigor" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="چېخ جۇمھۇرىيەتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="oigor" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Чехія - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чехія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="چیک جمہوریہ - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چیک جمہوریہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chexiya" title="Chexiya - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Chexiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9blega_Ceca" title="Repùblega Ceca - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Repùblega Ceca" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cehanma" title="Čehanma - vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Čehanma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9c" title="Séc - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Séc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjechi%C3%AB" title="Tsjechië - flamenc occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Tsjechië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamenc occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsyeg%C3%A4n" title="Tsyegän - volapuc" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Tsyegän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchekeye" title="Tchekeye - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tchekeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czekya" title="Czekya - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Czekya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9ewum_Cek" title="Réewum Cek - wòlof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Réewum Cek" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wòlof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="捷克" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Чехмудин Орн - kalmoc" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Чехмудин Орн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmoc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ჩეხეთი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩეხეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%99" title="טשעכיי - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טשעכיי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%E1%BA%B9%CC%81k%C3%AC_Ol%C3%B3m%C3%ACnira" title="Tsẹ́kì Olómìnira - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Tsẹ́kì Olómìnira" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciethaek" title="Ciethaek - zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ciethaek" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjehhi%C3%AB" title="Tsjehhië - zelandès" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Tsjehhië" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zelandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="捷克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克 - xinès clàssic" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="捷克" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="xinès clàssic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesko" title="Chesko - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chesko" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克 - cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="捷克" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITsheki" title="ITsheki - zólo" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ITsheki" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zólo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q213#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modificar los ligams interlenga" class="wbc-editpage">Modificar los ligams</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacis de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca" title="Veire l’article [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discutir:Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca" rel="discussion" title="Discussion a prepaus d'aquesta pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">occitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Afichatges"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d'aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=history" title="Los autors e versions precedentas d'aquesta pagina. 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[j]" accesskey="j"><span>Paginas connèxas</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguit_dels_ligams/Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca" rel="nofollow" title="Lista dels darrièrs cambiaments de las paginas ligadas a aquesta [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Seguit dels ligams</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=oc" title="Mandar un imatge o fichièr mèdia sul servidor [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Importar un fichièr</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Paginas_especialas" title="Lista de totas las paginas especialas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Paginas especialas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&oldid=2454003" title="Ligam permanent cap a aquesta version de la pagina"><span>Ligam permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="oc" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2444490">.mw-parser-output .infobox{background:#f9f9f9;color:#000;font-size:90%;line-height:1.6em;float:right;clear:right;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;width:23.7em;border:1px solid #c2c2c1;border-spacing:5px}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:super;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #c2c2c1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}@media only screen and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #e7e7e7}}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output 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.mergedbottomrow,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedbottomrow{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-text{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2444490"> <table class="infobox infobox geografia vcard" style="border-spacing:3.8px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold;">Republica Chèca</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <div style="display:grid; grid-template-columns:auto 50%; align-items:center; text-align:center;"> <div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/113px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1171" data-file-height="1403" /></a></span> </div> <div>Bandièra de la Republica Chèca</div> <div>Escut de la Republica Chèca</div></div> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Devisa_nacionala" title="Devisa nacionala">Devisa</a>: « Pravda vítězí » (en chèc: « Vertat vencerà »)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Localizacion"><img alt="Localizacion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/EU-Czech_Republic.svg/270px-EU-Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/EU-Czech_Republic.svg/405px-EU-Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/EU-Czech_Republic.svg/540px-EU-Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold">Capitala<div class="ib-geografia-text">e ciutat mai granda</div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/Praga" title="Praga">Praga</a><br /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" title="Mapas, vistas aerianas, etc."><a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=oc&pagename=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&params=50_N_15_E_"><span class="h-geo geo-dms"><data class="p-latitude" value="50">50° N</data>, <data class="p-longitude" value="15">15° E</data></span></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold">Forma de govèrn</div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/Republica" title="Republica">Republica</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left; border: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccd2d9; padding:1px 10px 3px 10px;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text"><a href="/wiki/Lista_dels_presidents_de_la_Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca" title="Lista dels presidents de la Republica Chèca">President</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_dels_Primi%C3%A8rs_ministres_de_la_Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista dels Primièrs ministres de la Republica Chèca (la pagina existís pas)">Primièr Ministre</a></div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/Petr_Pavel" title="Petr Pavel">Petr Pavel</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Petr_Fiala" title="Petr Fiala">Petr Fiala</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="{{{classa14}}}" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Independ%C3%A9ncia" title="Independéncia">Independéncia</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/Checoslovaquia" title="Checoslovaquia">Checoslovaquia</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left; border: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccd2d9; padding:1px 10px 3px 10px;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text">Data</div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/1_de_geni%C3%A8r" class="mw-redirect" title="1 de genièr">1 de genièr</a> de <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Superf%C3%ADcia" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Superfícia">Superfícia</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/Lista_dels_pa%C3%AFses_per_superf%C3%ADcia" title="Lista dels païses per superfícia"> 114<sup>en</sup></a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left; border: transparent; padding:1px 10px 3px 10px;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text">• Totala </div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">78 870 <abbr title="quilometre(s) carrat(s)">km²</abbr></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left; border: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccd2d9; padding:1px 10px 3px 10px;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text">• Aiga </div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><span class="nowrap">2</span> %</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Populacion" title="Populacion">Populacion</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/Lista_dels_pa%C3%AFses_per_populacion" title="Lista dels païses per populacion">78<sup>en</sup></a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left; border: transparent; padding:1px 10px 3px 10px;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text">• Totala (2017)</div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">10 578 820 ab.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left; border: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccd2d9; padding:1px 10px 3px 10px;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><div class="ib-geografia-text">• <a href="/wiki/Densitat_de_populacion" title="Densitat de populacion">Densitat</a></div></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">130 ab./<abbr title="quilometre(s) carrat(s)">km²</abbr></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Moneda" title="Moneda">Moneda</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/Corona_ch%C3%A8ca" title="Corona chèca">Corona chèca</a> (<code>CZK</code>)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right">CZ</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; text-align:left;"><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:left; align:left; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Domeni_de_primi%C3%A8r_niv%C3%A8l" title="Domeni de primièr nivèl">Domeni internet</a></div><div style="width:50%; display:block; float:right; align:right"><a href="/wiki/.cz" title=".cz">.cz</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #AAAAAA solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=0"><span style="color:#555;">modificar</span></a></span> <span title="Consultatz la documentacion del modèl"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8l:Infodoc" title="Consultatz la documentacion del modèl"><img alt="Consultatz la documentacion del modèl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p>La <b>Republica Chèca</b> (var. <b>Republica</b> <b>Checa</b><sup id="cite_ref-N_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) o simplament <b>Chequia</b> (en <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A8c_(lenga)" title="Chèc (lenga)">chèc</a> <i>Česká Republika</i>, <small></small><span title="Prononciacion en AFI" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpublɪka/</a></span> <sup><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e9\/Cs-Ceska_Republika.oga\/Cs-Ceska_Republika.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Escotar"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"oc","wikibase":"","file":"Cs-Ceska Republika.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e9/Cs-Ceska_Republika.oga/Cs-Ceska_Republika.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reprodueix l'àudio" title="Reprodueix l'àudio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Escotar</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Cs-Ceska_Republika.oga" title="Fichièr:Cs-Ceska Republika.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></sup>; <i>Česko,</i> <small></small><span title="Prononciacion en AFI" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ/</a></span> <sup><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d3\/Cs-%C4%8Cesko.ogg\/Cs-%C4%8Cesko.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Escotar"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"oc","wikibase":"","file":"Cs-\u010cesko.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/Cs-%C4%8Cesko.ogg/Cs-%C4%8Cesko.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reprodueix l'àudio" title="Reprodueix l'àudio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Escotar</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Cs-%C4%8Cesko.ogg" title="Fichièr:Cs-Česko.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></sup>) es un estat sens accès a la mar d'<a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa_Centrala" title="Euròpa Centrala">Euròpa Centrala</a>. Confronta <a href="/wiki/%C3%80ustria" title="Àustria">Àustria</a> al sud, <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a> al nòrd-oèst, <a href="/wiki/Polonha" title="Polonha">Polonha</a> al nòrd e <a href="/wiki/Eslovaquia" title="Eslovaquia">Eslovaquia</a> al sud-èst. </p><p>Sa capitala es <a href="/wiki/Praga" title="Praga">Praga</a> e lo gentilici es <b>chèc -a</b> (var. <b>checa -a</b>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografia">Geografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Geografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=1" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Geografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clima">Clima</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : Clima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=2" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Clima"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca_-_Clima.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca_-_Clima.png/220px-Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca_-_Clima.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca_-_Clima.png/330px-Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca_-_Clima.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca_-_Clima.png/440px-Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca_-_Clima.png 2x" data-file-width="1007" data-file-height="636" /></a><figcaption>Clima de la Republica Chèca segon la classificacion de Köppen.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lo <a href="/wiki/Clima" title="Clima">clima</a> chèc es de tipe continentau amb quauqueis influéncias oceanicas. Leis ivèrns son fregs e umides e leis estius son cauds. Lei geladas e lei tombadas de <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A8u" title="Nèu">nèu</a> son frequentas d'ivèrn. Dins lei regions d'altitud, lo clima es de <a href="/wiki/Clima_montanh%C3%B2l" title="Clima montanhòl">tipe montanhòl</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istòria"><span id="Ist.C3.B2ria"></span>Istòria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : Istòria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=3" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Istòria"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preïstòria_e_Antiquitat"><span id="Pre.C3.AFst.C3.B2ria_e_Antiquitat"></span>Preïstòria e Antiquitat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : Preïstòria e Antiquitat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=4" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Preïstòria e Antiquitat"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La preséncia umana sus lo territòri chèc data d'au mens 750 000 ans. Vèrs 3 000 av. JC, èra poblat per de Protocèltas que formèron pauc a pauc diferentei tribüs. Aquela dei <a href="/wiki/Bois" class="mw-redirect" title="Bois">Bois</a>, que son territòri èra dicha « Boiohaemum » en <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a>, foguèt a l'origina dau nom <a href="/wiki/Bo%C3%A8mia" title="Boèmia">Boèmia</a>. De pòbles germanics s'installèron tanben dins la region dins lo corrent dau millenari I av. JC e de contactes se formèron amb lei <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Empèri Roman">Romans</a>. </p><p>Au sègle V ap. JC, lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grandeis_Invasions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grandeis Invasions (la pagina existís pas)">Grandeis Invasions</a> entraïnèron de transformacions importantas dau poblament de la region. De populacions <a href="/wiki/Eslau" class="mw-redirect" title="Eslau">eslavas</a> i arribèron e divèrsei documents mencionan l'existéncia d'una union de tribüs eslavas entre <a href="/wiki/623" class="mw-redirect" title="623">623</a> e <a href="/wiki/659" class="mw-redirect" title="659">659</a>. Son cap èra un marchand <a href="/wiki/Francs" title="Francs">franc</a> dich <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samo (la pagina existís pas)">Samo</a>. Foguèt a l'origina d'un <a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">estat</a> permanent que se formèt pauc a pauc dins lo corrent dei sègles VIII e IX. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boèmia_avans_lo_periòde_Habsborg"><span id="Bo.C3.A8mia_avans_lo_peri.C3.B2de_Habsborg"></span>Boèmia avans lo periòde Habsborg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : Boèmia avans lo periòde Habsborg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=5" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Boèmia avans lo periòde Habsborg"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_dinastia_Premíslida"><span id="La_dinastia_Prem.C3.ADslida"></span>La dinastia Premíslida</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : La dinastia Premíslida" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=6" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La dinastia Premíslida"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_Prem%C3%ADslida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinastia Premíslida (la pagina existís pas)">Dinastia Premíslida</a>.</div> <p>Segon lei <a href="/wiki/Legenda" title="Legenda">legendas</a>, Boèmia foguèt dirigida per un linhatge de ducs e de duquessas eissit de <a href="/wiki/Cech" title="Cech">Cech</a>, fondator mitic dau pòble chèc. Lo premier sobeiran non <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legendari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legendari (la pagina existís pas)">legendari</a> foguèt lo duc <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borivoj_I%C3%A8r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borivoj Ièr (la pagina existís pas)">Borivoj I<sup>èr</sup></a> de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_Prem%C3%ADslida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinastia Premíslida (la pagina existís pas)">dinastia Premíslida</a>, ostau que dirigiguèt la region de <a href="/wiki/872" class="mw-redirect" title="872">872</a> a <a href="/wiki/1306" class="mw-redirect" title="1306">1306</a>. </p><p>Aquela <a href="/wiki/Dinastia" title="Dinastia">dinastia</a> foguèt a l'origina de l'evangelizacion dau país que comencèt en <a href="/wiki/883" class="mw-redirect" title="883">883</a> quand <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borivoj_I%C3%A8r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borivoj Ièr (la pagina existís pas)">Borivoj I<sup>èr</sup></a> (<a href="/wiki/872" class="mw-redirect" title="872">872</a>-<a href="/wiki/890" class="mw-redirect" title="890">890</a>) foguèt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batejament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batejament (la pagina existís pas)">batejat</a> per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciril_e_Met%C3%B2de&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciril e Metòde (la pagina existís pas)">Metòde</a>. Pasmens, la difusion dau <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">cristianisme</a> foguèt malaisada car après la <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2rt" title="Mòrt">mòrt</a> de <a href="/wiki/Vratislav_I%C3%A8r" title="Vratislav Ièr">Vratislav I<sup>èr</sup></a> (<a href="/wiki/905" class="mw-redirect" title="905">905</a>-<a href="/wiki/921" class="mw-redirect" title="921">921</a>), de combats opausèron <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">crestians</a> e <a href="/wiki/Paganisme" title="Paganisme">pagans</a>. La situacion demorèt trebolat fins au rèine de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boleslav_I%C3%A8r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boleslav Ièr (la pagina existís pas)">Boleslav I<sup>èr</sup> lo Crudèu</a> (<a href="/wiki/935" class="mw-redirect" title="935">935</a>-<a href="/wiki/967" class="mw-redirect" title="967">967</a>) que s'apielèt sus lei pagans per assassinar son fraire <a href="/w/index.php?title=Venceslas_I%C3%A8r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Venceslas Ièr (la pagina existís pas)">Venceslas I<sup>èr</sup></a> (<a href="/wiki/921" class="mw-redirect" title="921">921</a>-<a href="/wiki/935" class="mw-redirect" title="935">935</a>) avans de raliar lei <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">crestians</a>. Aquò li permetèt d'estabilizar la situacion intèrna en Boèmia e entraïnèt la disparicion dau <a href="/wiki/Paganisme" title="Paganisme">paganisme</a>. </p><p>A la creacion dau <a href="/wiki/Sant_Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman_Germanic" title="Sant Empèri Roman Germanic">Sant Empèri Roman Germanic</a> en <a href="/wiki/962" class="mw-redirect" title="962">962</a>, Boèmia i foguèt integrada. En <a href="/wiki/973" class="mw-redirect" title="973">973</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boleslav_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boleslav II (la pagina existís pas)">Boleslav II lo Piós</a> (<a href="/wiki/967" class="mw-redirect" title="967">967</a>-<a href="/wiki/999" class="mw-redirect" title="999">999</a>) obtenguèt la creacion d'un evescat installat a Praga. En <a href="/wiki/1085" class="mw-redirect" title="1085">1085</a>, lo duc <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vratislav_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vratislav II (la pagina existís pas)">Vratislav II</a> (<a href="/wiki/1061" class="mw-redirect" title="1061">1061</a>-<a href="/wiki/1092" class="mw-redirect" title="1092">1092</a>) obtenguèt lo títol de rèi a títol personau. Pasmens, <a href="/wiki/Bo%C3%A8mia" title="Boèmia">Boèmia</a> venguèt pas un reiaume avans <a href="/wiki/1198" class="mw-redirect" title="1198">1198</a> e lo rèine d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottokar_I%C3%A8r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ottokar Ièr (la pagina existís pas)">Ottokar I<sup>èr</sup> lo Victoriós</a> (<a href="/wiki/1192" class="mw-redirect" title="1192">1192</a>-<a href="/wiki/1230" class="mw-redirect" title="1230">1230</a>) que capitèt d'annexar <a href="/wiki/Mor%C3%A0via" title="Moràvia">Moràvia</a> en <a href="/wiki/1222" class="mw-redirect" title="1222">1222</a>. </p><p>Son felen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottokar_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ottokar II (la pagina existís pas)">Ottokar II</a> (<a href="/wiki/1253" class="mw-redirect" title="1253">1253</a>-<a href="/wiki/1278" class="mw-redirect" title="1278">1278</a>) apondèt la màger part d'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80ustria" title="Àustria">Àustria</a> a sei domenis e poguèt pretendre a la corona imperiala. Pasmens, sa poissança inquietava lei senhors dau <a href="/wiki/Sant_Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman_Germanic" title="Sant Empèri Roman Germanic">Sant Empèri</a> que li preferiguèron <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rod%C3%B2uf_I%C3%A8r_de_Habsborg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rodòuf Ièr de Habsborg (la pagina existís pas)">Rodòuf I<sup>èr</sup> de Habsborg</a>. Una guèrra acomencèt entre Boèmia e l'Ostau Habsborg. S'acabèt en <a href="/wiki/1278" class="mw-redirect" title="1278">1278</a> a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalha_de_Marchfeld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalha de Marchfeld (la pagina existís pas)">batalha de Marchfeld</a>, la <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2rt" title="Mòrt">mòrt</a> d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottokar_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ottokar II (la pagina existís pas)">Ottokar II</a> e la pèrda dei territòris <a href="/wiki/%C3%80ustria" title="Àustria">austrians</a>. </p><p>Après aquela desfacha, la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_Prem%C3%ADslida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinastia Premíslida (la pagina existís pas)">dinastia Premíslida</a> conoguèt un redreiçament espectaclós durant lo rèine de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Venceslav_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Venceslav II (la pagina existís pas)">Venceslav II</a> (<a href="/wiki/1278" class="mw-redirect" title="1278">1278</a>-<a href="/wiki/1305" class="mw-redirect" title="1305">1305</a>) que venguèt <i>princeps</i> puei rèi de <a href="/wiki/Polonha" title="Polonha">Polonha</a>. Pasmens, aquò durèt pas e la dinastia dispareguèt amb l'<a href="/wiki/Assassinat" title="Assassinat">assassinat</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Venceslav_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Venceslav II (la pagina existís pas)">Venceslav II</a> (<a href="/wiki/1305" class="mw-redirect" title="1305">1305</a>-<a href="/wiki/1306" class="mw-redirect" title="1306">1306</a>) qu'aviá ges d'eiretier masculin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="L'apogèu_dau_Reiaume_de_Boèmia"><span id="L.27apog.C3.A8u_dau_Reiaume_de_Bo.C3.A8mia"></span>L'apogèu dau Reiaume de Boèmia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : L'apogèu dau Reiaume de Boèmia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=7" title="Edita el codi de la secció: L'apogèu dau Reiaume de Boèmia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Après la fin de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinastia_Prem%C3%ADslida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinastia Premíslida (la pagina existís pas)">dinastia Premíslida</a>, lo Reiaume de Boèmia conoguèt son apogèu dins lo corrent de la premiera mitat dau sègle XIV. D'efèct, l'emperaire <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enric_VII_de_Luxemborg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enric VII de Luxemborg (la pagina existís pas)">Enric VII de Luxemborg</a> (<a href="/wiki/1308" class="mw-redirect" title="1308">1308</a>-<a href="/wiki/1313" class="mw-redirect" title="1313">1313</a>) obtenguèt lo tròne de Boèmia per son fiu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_I%C3%A8r_de_Luxemborg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan Ièr de Luxemborg (la pagina existís pas)">Joan</a> (<a href="/wiki/1310" class="mw-redirect" title="1310">1310</a>-<a href="/wiki/1346" class="mw-redirect" title="1346">1346</a>) gràcias a un maridatge amb la sòrre de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Venceslav_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Venceslav III (la pagina existís pas)">Venceslav III</a>. Subretot preocupat de <a href="/wiki/Cavalari%C3%A1" title="Cavalariá">cavalariá</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_I%C3%A8r_de_Luxemborg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan Ièr de Luxemborg (la pagina existís pas)">Joan</a> laissèt sa frema dirigir leis afaires boèmis e moriguèt a la <a href="/wiki/Batalha_de_Cr%C3%A9cy_(1346)" title="Batalha de Crécy (1346)">batalha de Crécy</a>. </p><p>Son fiu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carles_IV_(emperaire_germanic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carles IV (emperaire germanic) (la pagina existís pas)">Carles</a> (<a href="/wiki/1346" class="mw-redirect" title="1346">1346</a>-<a href="/wiki/1378" class="mw-redirect" title="1378">1378</a>) li succediguèt e foguèt elegit emperaire en <a href="/wiki/1346" class="mw-redirect" title="1346">1346</a>. Durant son rèine, Praga, venguda lo sèti d'un arquevescat en <a href="/wiki/1344" class="mw-redirect" title="1344">1344</a>, foguèt la <a href="/wiki/Capitala" title="Capitala">capitala</a> dau Sant Empèri e un centre politic, economic e intellectuau major dau continent europèu. En <a href="/wiki/1348" class="mw-redirect" title="1348">1348</a>, fondèt l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Universitat_Carles_de_Praga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universitat Carles de Praga (la pagina existís pas)">Universitat de Praga</a> qu'es la pus anciana <a href="/wiki/Universitat" title="Universitat">universitat</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa_Centrala" title="Euròpa Centrala">Euròpa Centrala</a>. Protegiguèt tanben divèrseis artistas coma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_de_Troppau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan de Troppau (la pagina existís pas)">Jan de Troppau</a> ò <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Wurmser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolas Wurmser (la pagina existís pas)">Nicolas Wurmser</a>. Enfin, aumentèt la talha dau reiaume amb l'annexion de <a href="/wiki/Sil%C3%A8sia" title="Silèsia">Silèsia</a>, de Lusàcia e de <a href="/wiki/Brandeborg" title="Brandeborg">Brandeborg</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lo_rèine_de_Venceslas_IV_e_lo_procès_de_Jan_Hus"><span id="Lo_r.C3.A8ine_de_Venceslas_IV_e_lo_proc.C3.A8s_de_Jan_Hus"></span>Lo rèine de Venceslas IV e lo procès de Jan Hus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo rèine de Venceslas IV e lo procès de Jan Hus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=8" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lo rèine de Venceslas IV e lo procès de Jan Hus"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Après lo decès de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carles_IV_(emperaire_germanic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carles IV (emperaire germanic) (la pagina existís pas)">Carles</a>, son fiu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Venceslav_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Venceslav IV (la pagina existís pas)">Venceslav IV</a> (<a href="/wiki/1378" class="mw-redirect" title="1378">1378</a>-<a href="/wiki/1419" class="mw-redirect" title="1419">1419</a>) li succediguèt. Son rèine foguèt marcat per lei crisis <a href="/wiki/Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religiosas</a>. Aquò afebliguèt grèvament Boèmia e preparèt son intrada au sen dau domeni de l'Ostau Habsborg au començament dau sègle XVI. </p><p>La premiera crisi foguèt liada au <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Esquisma_d%27Occident&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grand Esquisma d'Occident (la pagina existís pas)">Grand Esquisma d'Occident</a> qu'opausèt <a href="/wiki/Avinhon" title="Avinhon">Avinhon</a> e <a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Venceslav_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Venceslav IV (la pagina existís pas)">Venceslav IV</a> mau capitèt de prendre una decision clara e d'impausar son autoritat. S'alienèt rapidament la Glèisa e la <a href="/wiki/Noblesa" title="Noblesa">noblesa</a> boèmia. En <a href="/wiki/1400" class="mw-redirect" title="1400">1400</a>, leis electors dau <a href="/wiki/Sant_Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman_Germanic" title="Sant Empèri Roman Germanic">Sant Empèri</a> li retirèron son títol imperiau. Aquò agravèt lei tensions entre lo <a href="/wiki/Clergat" title="Clergat">clergat</a> superior, proprietari dau tèrç dei tèrras e sostengut per l'<a href="/wiki/Aristocracia" title="Aristocracia">aristocracia</a> auta, a la pichona noblesa e a la <a href="/wiki/Borgesi%C3%A1" title="Borgesiá">borgesiá</a> chèca. L'origina germanica de la màger part de la Glèisa Boèmia melhorava pas la situacion. </p><p>Lei tèsis defendudas per lo <a href="/wiki/Teologia" title="Teologia">teologian</a> <a href="/wiki/Jan_Hus" title="Jan Hus">Jan Hus</a>, rector de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Universitat_Carles_de_Praga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universitat Carles de Praga (la pagina existís pas)">Universitat de Praga</a>, precipitèron una segonda crisi religiosa. Inspiradas per la pensada de <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wycliffe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Wycliffe (la pagina existís pas)">John Wycliffe</a>, sei posicions èran una critica virulenta de l'opuléncia de la Glèisa e de sei mors. En despiech de son <a href="/wiki/Excomunicacion" title="Excomunicacion">excomunicacion</a> en <a href="/wiki/1411" class="mw-redirect" title="1411">1411</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Hus" title="Jan Hus">Hus</a> contunièt sa predicacion. Convidat au <a href="/wiki/Concili_de_Constan%C3%A7a" title="Concili de Constança">concili de Constança</a> per leis autoritats eclesiasticas, i foguèt arrestat en <a href="/wiki/1414" class="mw-redirect" title="1414">1414</a>. Puei, <a href="/wiki/Pena_de_m%C3%B2rt" title="Pena de mòrt">condamnat a mòrt</a>, foguèt cremat viu lo 6 de julhet de <a href="/wiki/1415" class="mw-redirect" title="1415">1415</a>. Son amic <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jir%C3%B2ni_de_Praga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiròni de Praga (la pagina existís pas)">Jiròni de Praga</a> conoguèt un sòrt similar l'<a href="/wiki/Annada" title="Annada">annada</a> seguenta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lei_Guèrras_Hussitas"><span id="Lei_Gu.C3.A8rras_Hussitas"></span>Lei Guèrras Hussitas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modificar la seccion : Lei Guèrras Hussitas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=9" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lei Guèrras Hussitas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gu%C3%A8rras_Hussitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guèrras Hussitas (la pagina existís pas)">Guèrras Hussitas</a>.</div> <p>La condamnacion e l'execucion de <a href="/wiki/Jan_Hus" title="Jan Hus">Jan Hus</a> entraïnèron una reaccion de sei partisans que formèron una liga defensiva per s'aparar còntra lei projèctes de repression de l'emperaire <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigismond_de_Luxemborg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigismond de Luxemborg (la pagina existís pas)">Sigismond</a>. En <a href="/wiki/1419" class="mw-redirect" title="1419">1419</a>, la decision de la Glèisa de privar de comunion lei hussitas entraïnèt la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Defenestracion_de_Praga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Defenestracion de Praga (la pagina existís pas)">premiera defenestracion de Praga</a>. Leis escabins catolics de la <a href="/wiki/Vila" title="Vila">vila</a> foguèron bandits d'una fenèstra entraïnant l'organizacion de cinc <a href="/wiki/Crosada" title="Crosada">crosadas</a> còntra lei partisans de <a href="/wiki/Jan_Hus" title="Jan Hus">Hus</a> de <a href="/wiki/1420" class="mw-redirect" title="1420">1420</a> a <a href="/wiki/1434" class="mw-redirect" title="1434">1434</a>. </p><p>Lei hussitas capitèron de resistir ais armadas catolicas mai se devesiguèron entre <a href="/w/index.php?title=Utraquisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utraquisme (la pagina existís pas)">utraquistas</a>, de moderats liats ais elèits e la <a href="/wiki/Borgesi%C3%A1" title="Borgesiá">borgesiá</a>, e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taboritas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taboritas (la pagina existís pas)">taboritas</a>, fraccion pus radicala liada au pòble. Lei premiers revendiquèron la secularizacion dei bens de la Glèisa e una primautat dei Chècs au sen de l'<a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">Estat</a>. Lei segonds demandavan de reformas socialas fòrça importantas coma la supression dau servatge, l'egalitat entre leis èssers umans e de mesuras prefigurant lo <a href="/wiki/Comunisme" title="Comunisme">comunisme</a> (abolicion de l'<a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">Estat</a>, distribucion egala dei bens... etc.). </p><p>Fins a <a href="/wiki/1422" class="mw-redirect" title="1422">1422</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Utraquisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utraquisme (la pagina existís pas)">utraquistas</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taboritas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taboritas (la pagina existís pas)">taboritas</a> demorèron aliats e infligiguèron una desfacha ai <a href="/wiki/Crosada" title="Crosada">Crosats</a> a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalha_de_Vitkov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalha de Vitkov (la pagina existís pas)">batalha de Vitkov</a>. La meteissa <a href="/wiki/Annada" title="Annada">annada</a>, lei hussitas adoptèron lei « Quatre Articles », basa comuna de seis aspiracions <a href="/wiki/Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religiosas</a>. Demandavan lo <a href="/wiki/Drech" title="Drech">drech</a> de liura predicacion, lo drech de menar la comunion segon lei practicas hussitas, lo retorn a una Glèisa paura e lo castig public e egau dei pecats mortaus. En <a href="/wiki/1421" class="mw-redirect" title="1421">1421</a>, confisquèron lei bens dau clergat e de la corona. </p><p>Pasmens, a partir de <a href="/wiki/1424" class="mw-redirect" title="1424">1424</a>, leis oposicions entre lei doas tendàncias dau movement hussita venguèron inconciliablas entraïnant una <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_civila" title="Guèrra civila">guèrra civila</a>. Lei catolics aprofichèron la situacion per organizar de crosadas novèlas que mau capitèron totalament. Deguèron finalament se contentar d'una aliança amb leis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Utraquisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utraquisme (la pagina existís pas)">utraquistas</a> per desfaire lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taboritas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taboritas (la pagina existís pas)">taboritas</a> a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalha_de_Lipany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalha de Lipany (la pagina existís pas)">batalha de Lipany</a> en <a href="/wiki/1434" class="mw-redirect" title="1434">1434</a>. Lo cap principau dei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taboritas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taboritas (la pagina existís pas)">taboritas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prokop_Veliky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prokop Veliky (la pagina existís pas)">Prokop Veliky</a>, i foguèt tuat. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/1436" class="mw-redirect" title="1436">1436</a>, de negociacions entre leis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Utraquisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utraquisme (la pagina existís pas)">utraquistas</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigismond_de_Luxemborg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigismond de Luxemborg (la pagina existís pas)">Sigismond</a> permetèron d'acabar la guèrra amb la promulgacion dei <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compactata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compactata (la pagina existís pas)">Compactata</a></i> que reconoissián l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Utraquisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utraquisme (la pagina existís pas)">utraquisme</a> en Boèmia e en Moràvia. Per quant ai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taboritas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taboritas (la pagina existís pas)">taboritas</a>, mau capitèron de remplaçar sei pèrdas e perdiguèron son importància dins leis annadas 1440-1450. Totei lei camps avián agotat sei ressorsas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_presa_de_contraròtle_de_Boèmia_per_l'Ostau_Habsborg"><span id="La_presa_de_contrar.C3.B2tle_de_Bo.C3.A8mia_per_l.27Ostau_Habsborg"></span>La presa de contraròtle de Boèmia per l'Ostau Habsborg</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modificar la seccion : La presa de contraròtle de Boèmia per l'Ostau Habsborg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=10" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La presa de contraròtle de Boèmia per l'Ostau Habsborg"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dins lo corrent de la segonda mitat dau sègle XV, la reconóissença d'una <a href="/wiki/Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religion</a> diferenta dau <a href="/wiki/Catolicisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Catolicisme">catolicisme</a> en Boèmia e en Moràvia se turtèt a l'ostilitat continua de la <a href="/wiki/Papa" title="Papa">papautat</a> e de la noblesa catolica locala. Ansin, aquò entraïnèt de guèrras novèlas qu'empachèron lo redreiçament boèmi après lei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gu%C3%A8rras_Hussitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guèrras Hussitas (la pagina existís pas)">Guèrras Hussitas</a>. </p><p>D'efèct, <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B2rge_de_Podebrady&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jòrge de Podebrady (la pagina existís pas)">Jòrge de Podebrady</a>, governador, <a href="/wiki/Reg%C3%A9ncia" title="Regéncia">regent</a> puei rèi de Boèmia de <a href="/wiki/1451" class="mw-redirect" title="1451">1451</a> a <a href="/wiki/1471" class="mw-redirect" title="1471">1471</a>, deguèt faciar la denonciacion dei <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compactata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compactata (la pagina existís pas)">Compactata</a></i> per lo <a href="/wiki/Papa" title="Papa">papa</a> <a href="/wiki/Pau_II" title="Pau II">Pau II</a> que comencèt la predicacion d'una <a href="/wiki/Crosada" title="Crosada">crosada</a> novèla en <a href="/wiki/1466" class="mw-redirect" title="1466">1466</a>. Son comandament foguèt fisat en <a href="/wiki/1468" class="mw-redirect" title="1468">1468</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mathias_Hunyadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mathias Hunyadi (la pagina existís pas)">Mathias Hunyadi</a>, rèi d'Ongria, que foguèt proclamat rèi de Boèmia per lei senhors catolics dau reiaume. Capitèt d'ocupar Moràvia, Lusàcia e Silèsia. En <a href="/wiki/1478" class="mw-redirect" title="1478">1478</a>-<a href="/wiki/1479" class="mw-redirect" title="1479">1479</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladislau_II_d%27Ongria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladislau II d'Ongria (la pagina existís pas)">Vladislau</a>, lo fiu de <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B2rge_de_Podebrady&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jòrge de Podebrady (la pagina existís pas)">Jòrge de Podebrady</a>, capitèt de negociar la <a href="/wiki/Patz" title="Patz">patz</a> amb leis <a href="/wiki/Ongria" title="Ongria">Ongrés</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mathias_Hunyadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mathias Hunyadi (la pagina existís pas)">Mathias Hunyadi</a> poguèt gardar sei conquistas mai deguèt renonciar a sei pretencions sus Boèmia. Pasmens, en <a href="/wiki/1490" class="mw-redirect" title="1490">1490</a>, a la mòrt de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mathias_Hunyadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mathias Hunyadi (la pagina existís pas)">Mathias Hunyadi</a>, son ancian adversari foguèt elegit rèi d'Ongria e aquò li permetèt de reconstituir lo territòri boèmi. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/1516" class="mw-redirect" title="1516">1516</a>, son fiu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lo%C3%ADs_II_d%27Ongria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loís II d'Ongria (la pagina existís pas)">Loís</a> li succediguèt coma rèi de Boèmia e d'Ongria. Sobeiran feble, moriguèt sensa eiretier masculin a la <a href="/wiki/Batalha_de_Moh%C3%A1cs" title="Batalha de Mohács">batalha de Mohács</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrand_I%C3%A8r_(emperaire_germanic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferrand Ièr (emperaire germanic) (la pagina existís pas)">Ferrand de Habsborg</a> li succediguèt coma rèi de Boèmia e d'Ongria<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Boèmia passèt ansin dins lo domeni Habsborg e lo demorèt fins a <a href="/wiki/1918" class="mw-redirect" title="1918">1918</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lo_periòde_Habsborg"><span id="Lo_peri.C3.B2de_Habsborg"></span>Lo periòde Habsborg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo periòde Habsborg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=11" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lo periòde Habsborg"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_Reforma_Protestanta_en_Boèmia"><span id="La_Reforma_Protestanta_en_Bo.C3.A8mia"></span>La Reforma Protestanta en Boèmia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modificar la seccion : La Reforma Protestanta en Boèmia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=12" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La Reforma Protestanta en Boèmia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La politica <a href="/wiki/Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion">religiosa</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrand_I%C3%A8r_(emperaire_germanic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferrand Ièr (emperaire germanic) (la pagina existís pas)">Ferrand de Habsborg</a> foguèt favorabla ai catolics (sostèn ai <a href="/wiki/Companhi%C3%A1_de_J%C3%A8sus" title="Companhiá de Jèsus">jesuistas</a>, creacion d'una collègi catolic en <a href="/wiki/Praga" title="Praga">Praga</a>, etc.) mai demorèt pasmens relativament prudenta. D'efèct, Boèmia representava alora mai de la mitat dei revenguts de la dinastia Habsborg e èra la basa de sa poissança. De garantidas foguèron donadas ais <a href="/w/index.php?title=Utraquisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utraquisme (la pagina existís pas)">utraquitas</a>. En particular, lei <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compactata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compactata (la pagina existís pas)">Compactata</a></i> venguèron una <a href="/wiki/Lei" title="Lei">lèi</a> organica dau reiaume. </p><p>Pasmens, la <a href="/wiki/Libertat_(filosofia)" title="Libertat (filosofia)">libertat</a> religiosa èra solament assegurada per lo catolicisme e l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Utraquisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utraquisme (la pagina existís pas)">utraquisme</a>. Ansin, a partir deis annadas 1520, la difusion de la <a href="/wiki/Reforma_Protestanta" class="mw-redirect" title="Reforma Protestanta">Reforma</a> en Boèmia anava entraïnar de tensions novèlas car i trobèt rapidament un nombre important de fidèus. Causèt una scission deis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Utraquisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utraquisme (la pagina existís pas)">utraquistas</a> entre « vièlhs calixtins », pròches dei catolics, e « neoutraquistas », pròches dei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luterianisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luterianisme (la pagina existís pas)">luterians</a>. Contuniant la politica prudenta de son paire, l'emperaire <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maximilian_II_(emperaire_germanic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maximilian II (emperaire germanic) (la pagina existís pas)">Maximilian II</a> (<a href="/wiki/1562" class="mw-redirect" title="1562">1562</a>-<a href="/wiki/1576" class="mw-redirect" title="1576">1576</a>) tolerèt una <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confession_Bohemica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Confession Bohemica (la pagina existís pas)">Confession Bohemica</a></i> qu'èra una confession de fe <a href="/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme">protestanta</a> realizada a partir de la sintèsi de divèrsei corrents religiós boèmis. Aquò favorizèt un raprochament entre neoutraquitas e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luterianisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luterianisme (la pagina existís pas)">luterians</a>. </p><p>Son successor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rod%C3%B2uf_II_(emperaire_germanic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rodòuf II (emperaire germanic) (la pagina existís pas)">Rodòuf II</a> (<a href="/wiki/1576" class="mw-redirect" title="1576">1576</a>-<a href="/wiki/1612" class="mw-redirect" title="1612">1612</a>) — après un refús en <a href="/wiki/1585" class="mw-redirect" title="1585">1585</a> — acceptèt de donar un estatut legau a la <i>Confession</i> en <a href="/wiki/1609" class="mw-redirect" title="1609">1609</a> amb l'adopcion de la <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Letra_de_Majestat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Letra de Majestat (la pagina existís pas)">Letra de Majestat</a></i> qu'autrejava la libertat religiosa a sei subjèctes boèmis. Sobeiran protector deis <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">arts</a> e dei <a href="/wiki/Sci%C3%A9ncia" title="Sciéncia">sciéncias</a>, atirèt mai d'un artista ò d'un sabent a <a href="/wiki/Praga" title="Praga">Praga</a>. Pasmens, politic e generau de pauc de valor, perdiguèt lo poder entre <a href="/wiki/1609" class="mw-redirect" title="1609">1609</a> e <a href="/wiki/1612" class="mw-redirect" title="1612">1612</a> au profiech de son fraire <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mati%C3%A0s_II_(emperaire_germanic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matiàs II (emperaire germanic) (la pagina existís pas)">Matiàs</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="De_la_defenestracion_de_Praga_a_la_batalha_de_la_Montanha_Blanca">De la defenestracion de Praga a la batalha de la Montanha Blanca</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modificar la seccion : De la defenestracion de Praga a la batalha de la Montanha Blanca" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=13" title="Edita el codi de la secció: De la defenestracion de Praga a la batalha de la Montanha Blanca"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Au contrari de sei predecessors, l'emperaire <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mati%C3%A0s_II_(emperaire_germanic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matiàs II (emperaire germanic) (la pagina existís pas)">Matiàs II</a> (<a href="/wiki/1611" class="mw-redirect" title="1611">1611</a>-<a href="/wiki/1619" class="mw-redirect" title="1619">1619</a>) èra gaire tolerant e lei relacions entre catolics e <a href="/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme">protestants</a> s'enverinèron. Lo 23 de mai de <a href="/wiki/1618" class="mw-redirect" title="1618">1618</a>, una entrevista au castèu de Praga entre <a href="/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme">protestants</a> e representants dau rèi degenerèt amb la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Segonda_defenestracion_de_Praga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Segonda defenestracion de Praga (la pagina existís pas)">segonda defenestracion de Praga</a>. Lo conflicte religiós èra agravat per la designacion coma successor de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrand_II_(emperaire_germanic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferrand II (emperaire germanic) (la pagina existís pas)">Ferrand d'Estíria</a>, un catolic fòrça ostil a la <a href="/wiki/Reforma" title="Reforma">Reforma Protestanta</a>. </p><p>La defenestracion de <a href="/wiki/Praga" title="Praga">Praga</a> entraïnèt una revòuta generala de Boèmia que marquèt l'acomençament de la <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_de_Trenta_Ans" title="Guèrra de Trenta Ans">Guèrra de Trenta Ans</a>. En <a href="/wiki/1619" class="mw-redirect" title="1619">1619</a>, a la <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2rt" title="Mòrt">mòrt</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mati%C3%A0s_II_(emperaire_germanic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matiàs II (emperaire germanic) (la pagina existís pas)">Matiàs II</a>, una dieta boèmia se reüniguèt per lo deschaire de son títol de rèi de Boèmia. En plaça, elegiguèt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_V_de_Palatinat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederic V de Palatinat (la pagina existís pas)">Frederic V de Palatinat</a>, un prince <a href="/wiki/Calvinisme" title="Calvinisme">calvinista</a>. Pasmens, lo rèi novèu èra pas un cap militar competent e leis <a href="/wiki/Sant_Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman_Germanic" title="Sant Empèri Roman Germanic">Imperiaus</a> destruguèron l'armada boèmia a la <a href="/wiki/Batalha_de_la_Montanha_Blanca" title="Batalha de la Montanha Blanca">batalha de la Montanha Blanca</a> lo 8 de novembre de <a href="/wiki/1620" class="mw-redirect" title="1620">1620</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="«_Lei_Tenèbras_»"><span id=".C2.AB_Lei_Ten.C3.A8bras_.C2.BB"></span>« Lei Tenèbras »</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modificar la seccion : « Lei Tenèbras »" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=14" title="Edita el codi de la secció: « Lei Tenèbras »"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La victòria catolica de la batalha de la Montanha Blanca permetèt ai fòrças <a href="/wiki/Sant_Emp%C3%A8ri_Roman_Germanic" title="Sant Empèri Roman Germanic">imperialas</a> d'ocupar Praga e Boèmia. La repression i foguèt vigorosa e lo país foguèt plaçat sota contraròtle estricte fins ais annadas 1740. En particular, divèrsei mesuras foguèron presas per annular lei consequéncias religiosas e politicas dei predicacions de <a href="/wiki/Jan_Hus" title="Jan Hus">Jan Hus</a>. Ansin, lo periòde <a href="/wiki/1620" class="mw-redirect" title="1620">1620</a>-<a href="/wiki/1740" class="mw-redirect" title="1740">1740</a> foguèt dich « Lei Tenèbras » per lei <a href="/wiki/Nacionalisme" title="Nacionalisme">nacionalistas</a> chècs dau sègle XIX. </p><p>Tre la presa de Praga, lei predicaires <a href="/wiki/Protestantisme" title="Protestantisme">protestants</a> foguèron expulsats e mai d'un cap protestant foguèt arrestat. 27 foguèron <a href="/w/index.php?title=Decapitacion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decapitacion (la pagina existís pas)">decapitats</a> en <a href="/wiki/1621" class="mw-redirect" title="1621">1621</a>. L'Universitat passèt sota lo contraròtle dei <a href="/wiki/Companhi%C3%A1_de_J%C3%A8sus" title="Companhiá de Jèsus">jesuistas</a>. En <a href="/wiki/1627" class="mw-redirect" title="1627">1627</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Libertat_(filosofia)" title="Libertat (filosofia)">libertat</a> religiosa foguèt abollida e lo catolicisme venguèt tornarmai l'unic culte autorizat. Dotats de mejans importants, lei jesuistas e la Glèisa Catolica acomencèron una lònga campanha per luchar còntra lo protestantisme. Aperaquí 30 000 familhas, principalament eissidas de la <a href="/wiki/Borgesi%C3%A1" title="Borgesiá">borgesiá</a> e de la pichona noblesa, refusèron de se convertir e deguèron s'<a href="/wiki/Exili" title="Exili">exilar</a>. Aquelei pèrdas umanas foguèron agravadas per la perseguida de la <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_de_Trenta_Ans" title="Guèrra de Trenta Ans">Guèrra de Trenta Ans</a> que se debanèt sus lo territòri chèc au començament deis annadas 1630 e a la fin deis annadas 1640. Ansin, entre <a href="/wiki/1618" class="mw-redirect" title="1618">1618</a> e <a href="/wiki/1648" class="mw-redirect" title="1648">1648</a>, la populacion demeniguèt de 2,6 milions a 1,5 milions d'abitants. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="De_la_Guèrra_de_Succession_d'Àustria_ai_reformas_de_Josèp_II"><span id="De_la_Gu.C3.A8rra_de_Succession_d.27.C3.80ustria_ai_reformas_de_Jos.C3.A8p_II"></span>De la Guèrra de Succession d'Àustria ai reformas de Josèp II</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modificar la seccion : De la Guèrra de Succession d'Àustria ai reformas de Josèp II" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=15" title="Edita el codi de la secció: De la Guèrra de Succession d'Àustria ai reformas de Josèp II"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dins lo corrent dau sègle XVIII, l'emergéncia de <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BAssia" title="Prússia">Prússia</a> menacèt la poissança austriana e Boèmia, situada entre lei dos <a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">estats</a>, veguèt son importància aumentar. Aquò foguèt confirmat en <a href="/wiki/1741" class="mw-redirect" title="1741">1741</a>-<a href="/wiki/1742" class="mw-redirect" title="1742">1742</a> amb l'acuèlh favorable donat per la populacion de Praga ai tropas prussianas qu'ocupèron la <a href="/wiki/Vila" title="Vila">vila</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aquò revelèt lo besonh de reformas que comencèron tre la fin de la <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_de_Succession_d%27%C3%80ustria" title="Guèrra de Succession d'Àustria">Guèrra de Succession d'Àustria</a> (<a href="/wiki/1740" class="mw-redirect" title="1740">1740</a>-<a href="/wiki/1748" class="mw-redirect" title="1748">1748</a>). </p><p>Durant lo rèine de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Ter%C3%A8sa_d%27%C3%80ustria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maria Terèsa d'Àustria (la pagina existís pas)">Maria Terèsa</a> (<a href="/wiki/1740" class="mw-redirect" title="1740">1740</a>-<a href="/wiki/1780" class="mw-redirect" title="1780">1780</a>), regardèron subretot l'administracion de Boèmia. En revènge, pendent lo rèine de son fiu, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A8p_II_(emperaire_germanic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josèp II (emperaire germanic) (la pagina existís pas)">Josèp II</a> (<a href="/wiki/1780" class="mw-redirect" title="1780">1780</a>-<a href="/wiki/1790" class="mw-redirect" title="1790">1790</a>), una politica de modernizacion activa foguèt menada per lo govèrn. La <a href="/wiki/Libertat_(filosofia)" title="Libertat (filosofia)">libertat</a> religiosa foguèt restablida, lei restriccions impausadas ai judieus suprimidas, l'admnistracion centralizada e modernizada, lei privilègis de la noblesa e dau clergat reduchs e lo <a href="/wiki/Servatge" class="mw-redirect" title="Servatge">servatge</a> abolit. Aquò li vauguèt l'ostilitat de l'aristocracia e de la ierarquia catolica. Pasmens, permetèt d'establir una libertat de circulacion inedita en Boèmia. Anava permetre de mutacions socialas importantas e favorizar l'aparicion d'un movement nacionalista chèc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="L'aparicion_dau_nacionalisme_chèc"><span id="L.27aparicion_dau_nacionalisme_ch.C3.A8c"></span>L'aparicion dau nacionalisme chèc</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modificar la seccion : L'aparicion dau nacionalisme chèc" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=16" title="Edita el codi de la secció: L'aparicion dau nacionalisme chèc"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Prima_dei_p%C3%B2bles" class="mw-redirect" title="Prima dei pòbles">Prima dei pòbles</a>.</div> <p>Lo <a href="/wiki/Nacionalisme" title="Nacionalisme">nacionalisme</a> chèc apareguèt dins lo corrent deis annadas 1770-1780. Foguèt la consequéncia dei reformas de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A8p_II_(emperaire_germanic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josèp II (emperaire germanic) (la pagina existís pas)">Josèp II</a> que permetèt ai païsans, que parlavan generalament lo <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A8c_(lenga)" title="Chèc (lenga)">chèc</a>, de venir s'installar dins lei <a href="/wiki/Vila" title="Vila">vilas</a>, onte se parlava generalament <a href="/wiki/Alemand" title="Alemand">alemand</a>. Aquò donèt una visibilitat novèla au <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A8c_(lenga)" title="Chèc (lenga)">chèc</a> e lo bilingüisme venguèt rapidament la nòrma. </p><p>En parallèl, la disparicion de la <a href="/wiki/Companhi%C3%A1_de_J%C3%A8sus" title="Companhiá de Jèsus">Companhiá de Jèsus</a> en <a href="/wiki/1773" class="mw-redirect" title="1773">1773</a> liberèt lo mond intellectuau boèmi de la dominacion jesuista. Aquò permetèt au <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A8c_(lenga)" title="Chèc (lenga)">chèc</a>, aperavans <a href="/wiki/Lenga" title="Lenga">lenga</a> de l'<a href="/wiki/Eresia" class="mw-redirect" title="Eresia">eresia</a> hussita, de retrobar un reng prestigiós e una literatura chèca se formèt a partir de la fin dau sègle XVIII. L'<a href="/wiki/Ist%C3%B2ria" title="Istòria">istorian</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantisek_Palacky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frantisek Palacky (la pagina existís pas)">Frantisek Palacky</a> (<a href="/wiki/1798" class="mw-redirect" title="1798">1798</a>-<a href="/wiki/1876" class="mw-redirect" title="1876">1876</a>) i aguèt un ròtle primordiau amb la publicacion, de <a href="/wiki/1836" class="mw-redirect" title="1836">1836</a> a <a href="/wiki/1867" class="mw-redirect" title="1867">1867</a>, de son « <i>Istòria dei Chècs de Boèmia e de Moràvia</i> » e amb son implicacion dins la vida politica a a partir de <a href="/wiki/1848" class="mw-redirect" title="1848">1848</a>. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/1848" class="mw-redirect" title="1848">1848</a>, Boèmia foguèt tocada per la <a href="/wiki/Prima_dei_p%C3%B2bles" class="mw-redirect" title="Prima dei pòbles">Prima dei pòbles</a> tant en causa que son apartenéncia a la <a href="/wiki/Confederacion_Germanica" title="Confederacion Germanica">Confederacion Germanica</a> qu'en causa de son sostèn ai revolucionaris <a href="/wiki/%C3%80ustria" title="Àustria">austrians</a>. D'efèct, lei populacions alemandas participèron ais eleccions alemandas de <a href="/wiki/1848" class="mw-redirect" title="1848">1848</a> e se formulèt per lo premier còp l'idèa d'un restacament dei regions alemandas de <a href="/wiki/Bo%C3%A8mia" title="Boèmia">Boèmia</a> a una Alemanha unida. </p><p>De son caire, lei Chècs refusèron de participar ai revolucions <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemandas</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantisek_Palacky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frantisek Palacky (la pagina existís pas)">Frantisek Palacky</a> preferiguèt reünir un congrès <a href="/wiki/Eslau" class="mw-redirect" title="Eslau">eslau</a> que gropèt de delegats chècs, <a href="/wiki/Eslovaquia" title="Eslovaquia">eslovacs</a> e <a href="/wiki/Polonha" title="Polonha">polonés</a> en Praga. Plusors deputats eslaus participèron a <a href="/wiki/Viena_(%C3%80ustria)" title="Viena (Àustria)">Viena</a> a l'Assemblada dei pòbles de l'Empèri Habsborg. I foguèron votadas divèrsei reformas liberalas coma la supression dei darriereis institucions <a href="/wiki/Feudalitat" title="Feudalitat">feodalas</a>. Dins aquò, l'Assemblada deguèt rapidament se desplaçar en Moràvia en causa dei trèbols tocant <a href="/wiki/Viena_(%C3%80ustria)" title="Viena (Àustria)">Viena</a>. I assaièt de redigir una <a href="/wiki/Constitucion" title="Constitucion">constitucion</a> respectant lei <a href="/wiki/Drech" title="Drech">drechs</a> de cada nacionalitat mai se turtèt a l'oposicion de l'emperaire <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franc%C3%A9s_Jos%C3%A8p_d%27%C3%80ustria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francés Josèp d'Àustria (la pagina existís pas)">Francés Josèp</a>. En març de <a href="/wiki/1849" class="mw-redirect" title="1849">1849</a>, l'assemblada foguèt dispersada per fòrça. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="De_la_Prima_de_1848_a_la_Premiera_Guèrra_Mondiala"><span id="De_la_Prima_de_1848_a_la_Premiera_Gu.C3.A8rra_Mondiala"></span>De la Prima de 1848 a la Premiera Guèrra Mondiala</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modificar la seccion : De la Prima de 1848 a la Premiera Guèrra Mondiala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=17" title="Edita el codi de la secció: De la Prima de 1848 a la Premiera Guèrra Mondiala"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un regime autoritari e repressiu succediguèt a la parentèsi liberala de <a href="/wiki/1848" class="mw-redirect" title="1848">1848</a>-<a href="/wiki/1849" class="mw-redirect" title="1849">1849</a>. Pasmens, lo declin de l'Empèri Habsborg èra vengut visible e lei desfachas <a href="/wiki/%C3%80ustria" title="Àustria">austrianas</a> còntra <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> en <a href="/wiki/1859" class="mw-redirect" title="1859">1859</a> e <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BAssia" title="Prússia">Prússia</a> en <a href="/wiki/1866" class="mw-redirect" title="1866">1866</a> entraïnèron l'establiment dau compromés austro-ongrés de <a href="/wiki/1867" class="mw-redirect" title="1867">1867</a>. </p><p>Aquel acòrd mau contentèt lei <a href="/wiki/Nacionalisme" title="Nacionalisme">nacionalistas</a> chècs car Boèmia, que fasiá partida de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisleit%C3%A0nia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cisleitània (la pagina existís pas)">Cisleitània</a>, aviá ges d'autonòmia. Òr, segon elei, lo <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_de_Bo%C3%A8mia" title="Reiaume de Boèmia">Reiaume de Boèmia</a>, qu'èra dirigit per lei Habsborg en <a href="/wiki/Union_personala" title="Union personala">union personala</a> coma lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reiaume_d%27Ongria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reiaume d'Ongria (la pagina existís pas)">Reiaume d'Ongria</a>, podiá pretendre a un estatut a aqueu deis Ongrés. En <a href="/wiki/1871" class="mw-redirect" title="1871">1871</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantisek_Palacky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frantisek Palacky (la pagina existís pas)">Palacky</a> trobèt un compromés. En cambi d'un coronament en <a href="/wiki/Praga" title="Praga">Praga</a> afirmant sei drechs sus Boèmia, l'emperaire <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franc%C3%A9s_Jos%C3%A8p_d%27%C3%80ustria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francés Josèp d'Àustria (la pagina existís pas)">Francés Josèp</a> confirmariá lei libertats boèmias. Pasmens, aqueu projècte mau capitèt en causa de l'oposicion deis <a href="/wiki/Ongria" title="Ongria">Ongrés</a> e deis Alemands de Boèmia. </p><p>En consequéncia, lo movement <a href="/wiki/Nacionalisme" title="Nacionalisme">nacionalista</a> chèc venguèt pus radicau amb la fondacion en <a href="/wiki/1878" class="mw-redirect" title="1878">1878</a> dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partit_Nacionau_Liure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partit Nacionau Liure (la pagina existís pas)">Partit Nacionau Liure</a>. Dins lo corrent deis annadas 1880, foguèt a l'origina de manifestacions importantas e lei tensions entre Chècs e Alemands venguèron pron importantas per justificar la creacion de dos sistèmas d'ensenhament separats. Pasmens, dins lo corrent deis annadas seguentas, lo desvolopament economica de Boèmia permetèt d'amaisar una partida dei problemas entre lei doas comunautats. </p><p>D'efèct, durant la segonda mitat dau sègle XIX, la <a href="/wiki/Revolucion_industriala" title="Revolucion industriala">Revolucion industriala</a> agantèt Boèmia entraïnant una aumentacion dau nivèu d'instruccion, de la productivitat <a href="/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura">agricòla</a> e lo desvolopament <a href="/wiki/Industria" class="mw-redirect" title="Industria">industriau</a> de la region. Au començament dau sègle XX, Boèmia fasiá partida dei regions pus avançadas d'<a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a> e èra lo còr industriau d'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80ustria-Ongria" title="Àustria-Ongria">Àustria-Ongria</a>. De mai, en despiech de l'abséncia d'autonòmia <a href="/wiki/Politica" title="Politica">politica</a>, lei Chècs avián restaurat son autonòmia <a href="/wiki/Cultura" title="Cultura">culturala</a> e la màger part dei foncionaris (95% en <a href="/wiki/1914" class="mw-redirect" title="1914">1914</a>) èran chècs. Ansin, la fin dau periòde austrian en Boèmia foguèt l'emergéncia d'artistas majors coma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaroslav_Hasek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaroslav Hasek (la pagina existís pas)">Jaroslav Hasek</a> ò <a href="/wiki/Franz_Kafka" title="Franz Kafka">Franz Kafka</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_naissença_de_Checoslovaquia"><span id="La_naissen.C3.A7a_de_Checoslovaquia"></span>La naissença de Checoslovaquia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modificar la seccion : La naissença de Checoslovaquia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=18" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La naissença de Checoslovaquia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En <a href="/wiki/1914" class="mw-redirect" title="1914">1914</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Mobilizacion" title="Mobilizacion">mobilizacion</a> dei Chècs e deis <a href="/wiki/Eslovaquia" title="Eslovaquia">Eslovacs</a> en Àustria-Ongria se debanèt sensa problema e la màger part dei caps demorèron fidèus a l'Empèri. Pasmens, una pichona minoritat, coma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karel_Kramaf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karel Kramaf (la pagina existís pas)">Karel Kramaf</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom%C3%A1s_Masaryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomás Masaryk (la pagina existís pas)">Tomás Masaryk</a> ò <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edvard_Benes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edvard Benes (la pagina existís pas)">Edvard Benes</a>, preferiguèron s'engatjar amb l'Entenduda. En <a href="/wiki/1916" class="mw-redirect" title="1916">1916</a>, un Conseu Nacionau dei País Chècs foguèt creat per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomas_Masaryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomas Masaryk (la pagina existís pas)">Masaryk</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edvard_Benes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edvard Benes (la pagina existís pas)">Benes</a>. Un an pus tard, venguèt « checoslovac » quand l'Eslovac <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milan_Stef%C3%A1nik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milan Stefánik (la pagina existís pas)">Milan Stefánik</a> lo jonhèt. Aqueu conseu capitèt de formar d'unitats militaras checoslovacas, compres una <a href="/wiki/Legions_Checoslovacas" title="Legions Checoslovacas">Legion Checoslovaca</a> de 50 000 òmes en <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, que participèron ai combats dins lo camp aliat. </p><p>Aquela ajuda permetèt a la causa dei Chècs e deis Eslovacs d'obtenir lo sostèn de França. En revènge, lo <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">Reiaume Unit</a> e leis <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">Estats Units</a> gardèron una posicion pus mesurada. Pasmens, après la revirada de negociacions secrètas entre leis Aliats e Àustria-Ongria, l'Entenduda reconoguèt la representativitat dau Conseu Nacionau Checoslovac. Puei, leis eveniments d'accelèron amb la desfacha deis Empèris Centraus. Lo 18 d'octòbre, lo Conseu proclamèt la Republica Checoslovaca e un govèrn provisòri se formèt lo 31 d'octòbre. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lo_periòde_checoslovac"><span id="Lo_peri.C3.B2de_checoslovac"></span>Lo periòde checoslovac</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo periòde checoslovac" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=19" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lo periòde checoslovac"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_question_frontaliera">La question frontaliera</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modificar la seccion : La question frontaliera" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=20" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La question frontaliera"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Partiment_de_l%27Emp%C3%A8ri_d%27%C3%80ustria-Ongria.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Partiment_de_l%27Emp%C3%A8ri_d%27%C3%80ustria-Ongria.png/220px-Partiment_de_l%27Emp%C3%A8ri_d%27%C3%80ustria-Ongria.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Partiment_de_l%27Emp%C3%A8ri_d%27%C3%80ustria-Ongria.png/330px-Partiment_de_l%27Emp%C3%A8ri_d%27%C3%80ustria-Ongria.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Partiment_de_l%27Emp%C3%A8ri_d%27%C3%80ustria-Ongria.png/440px-Partiment_de_l%27Emp%C3%A8ri_d%27%C3%80ustria-Ongria.png 2x" data-file-width="739" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption>La fragmentacion de l'Empèri d'Àustria-Ongria e la formacion de <a href="/wiki/Checoslovaquia" title="Checoslovaquia">Checoslovaquia</a> a l'eissida de la <a href="/wiki/Premiera_Gu%C3%A8rra_Mondiala" class="mw-redirect" title="Premiera Guèrra Mondiala">Premiera Guèrra Mondiala</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A l'eissida de la <a href="/wiki/Premiera_Gu%C3%A8rra_Mondiala" class="mw-redirect" title="Premiera Guèrra Mondiala">Premiera Guèrra Mondiala</a>, Chècs e Eslovacs foguèron gropats au sen dau meteis <a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">estat</a> en causa de sa participacion comuna a la guèrra e de la proximitat <a href="/wiki/Cultura" title="Cultura">culturala</a> fòrta entre lei dos pòbles. Lo premier problema foguèt la definicion dei <a href="/wiki/Frontiera" title="Frontiera">frontieras</a> qu'èra de natura diferenta per lei Chècs e leis <a href="/wiki/Eslovaquia" title="Eslovaquia">Eslovacs</a>. </p><p>Per lei Chècs, lo Reiaume de Boèmia èra la referéncia territòriala de son <a href="/wiki/Estat" title="Estat">estat</a> e ne'n revendiquèron donc lei <a href="/wiki/Frontiera" title="Frontiera">frontieras</a>. Sostenguts per leis Aliats, que refusèron lei demandas deis Alemands d'èsser integrats a Alemanha, obtenguèron Boèmia, Moràvia e la Silèsia austriana. Pasmens, una partida d'aquela darriera region, lo territòri de Teschen, èra revendicada per <a href="/wiki/Polonha" title="Polonha">Polonha</a>. Aquò entraïnèt una crisi internacionala que foguèt reglada en <a href="/wiki/1920" class="mw-redirect" title="1920">1920</a> amb lo partiment dau territòri contestat. </p><p>Per leis <a href="/wiki/Eslovaquia" title="Eslovaquia">Eslovacs</a>, pòble marginau en <a href="/wiki/%C3%80ustria" title="Àustria">Àustria</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ongria" title="Ongria">Ongria</a>, lei referéncias <a href="/wiki/Ist%C3%B2ria" title="Istòria">istoricas</a> èran quasi inexistentas e foguèt necessari de lei remplaçar per d'arguments <a href="/wiki/Etnia" title="Etnia">etnics</a>, economics e militars. Ansin, lo <a href="/wiki/Tractat_de_Trianon" title="Tractat de Trianon">Tractat de Trianon</a> signat en <a href="/wiki/1920" class="mw-redirect" title="1920">1920</a> li donèt un limit fòrça meridionala que passava dins de regions <a href="/wiki/Ongria" title="Ongria">ongresas</a>. Li donèt tanben a l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%88st" title="Èst">èst</a> la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rut%C3%A8nia_Subcarpatica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rutènia Subcarpatica (la pagina existís pas)">Rutènia Subcarpatica</a> qu'èra poblada d'<a href="/wiki/Ucra%C3%AFna" title="Ucraïna">Ucraïnés</a>. Aquelei <a href="/wiki/Frontiera" title="Frontiera">frontieras</a> anavan venir una fònt de tensions dins lo corrent deis annadas 1920-1930. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_Premiera_Republica_Checoslovaca">La Premiera Republica Checoslovaca</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modificar la seccion : La Premiera Republica Checoslovaca" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=21" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La Premiera Republica Checoslovaca"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En <a href="/wiki/1920" class="mw-redirect" title="1920">1920</a>, foguèt adoptada una <a href="/wiki/Constitucion" title="Constitucion">constitucion</a> <a href="/wiki/Democracia" title="Democracia">democratica</a> e <a href="/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament">parlamentària</a> que fondèt la I<sup>a</sup> Republica Checoslovaca. Durèt fins a <a href="/wiki/1938" class="mw-redirect" title="1938">1938</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom%C3%A1s_Masaryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomás Masaryk (la pagina existís pas)">Tomás Masaryk</a> ne'n foguèt lo president fins a <a href="/wiki/1935" class="mw-redirect" title="1935">1935</a> avans d'èsser remplaçat per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edvard_Benes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edvard Benes (la pagina existís pas)">Edvard Benes</a>. Lei dos òmes aguèron un ròtle fòrça important durant aqueu periòde e capitèron de formar en <a href="/wiki/1921" class="mw-redirect" title="1921">1921</a> una aliança amb <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> e <a href="/wiki/Iogoslavia" title="Iogoslavia">Iogoslavia</a> per protegir lo <a href="/wiki/Tractat_de_Versalhas" title="Tractat de Versalhas">sistèma de Versalhas</a>. Tres ans pus tard, una aliança foguèt signada amb França per s'aparar còntra Alemanha. Enfin, en <a href="/wiki/1935" class="mw-redirect" title="1935">1935</a>, un tractat d'assisténcia mutuala foguèt conclut amb l'<a href="/wiki/URSS" class="mw-redirect" title="URSS">Union Sovietica</a>. </p><p>Regardant leis afaires intèrnes, la question dei minoritats etnicas foguèt un pensament major dau govèrn. En particular, de tensions apareguèron entre Chècs e Eslovacs en causa d'incomprensions entre lei dos pòbles. D'efèct, d'un caire, lei Chècs mau acceptavan lo particularisme culturau eslovac e, d'autre caire, leis Eslovacs èran irritats per lo nombre important de foncionaris chècs mandats en <a href="/wiki/Eslovaquia" title="Eslovaquia">Eslovaquia</a>. Aquò favorizèt l'emergéncia d'un movement autonòmista radicau dominat per de figuras coma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrej_Hlinka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrej Hlinka (la pagina existís pas)">Andrej Hlinka</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Tiso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Tiso (la pagina existís pas)">Josef Tiso</a>. La question de la minoritat alemand èra tanben fòrça inquietanta en causa dei progrès dau <a href="/wiki/Nazisme" title="Nazisme">nazisme</a> au sen de son electorat (dos tèrç dei sufragis exprimits en <a href="/wiki/1935" class="mw-redirect" title="1935">1935</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="L'espeçatge_de_Checoslovaquia"><span id="L.27espe.C3.A7atge_de_Checoslovaquia"></span>L'espeçatge de Checoslovaquia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modificar la seccion : L'espeçatge de Checoslovaquia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=22" title="Edita el codi de la secció: L'espeçatge de Checoslovaquia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Cambiaments_territ%C3%B2riaus_d%27Eur%C3%B2pa_Centrala_de_1935_a_1939.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cambiaments_territ%C3%B2riaus_d%27Eur%C3%B2pa_Centrala_de_1935_a_1939.png/220px-Cambiaments_territ%C3%B2riaus_d%27Eur%C3%B2pa_Centrala_de_1935_a_1939.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cambiaments_territ%C3%B2riaus_d%27Eur%C3%B2pa_Centrala_de_1935_a_1939.png/330px-Cambiaments_territ%C3%B2riaus_d%27Eur%C3%B2pa_Centrala_de_1935_a_1939.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cambiaments_territ%C3%B2riaus_d%27Eur%C3%B2pa_Centrala_de_1935_a_1939.png/440px-Cambiaments_territ%C3%B2riaus_d%27Eur%C3%B2pa_Centrala_de_1935_a_1939.png 2x" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="573" /></a><figcaption>L'espeçatge de <a href="/wiki/Checoslovaquia" title="Checoslovaquia">Checoslovaquia</a> dins l'encastre dei cambiaments territòriaus europèus de <a href="/wiki/1935" class="mw-redirect" title="1935">1935</a>-<a href="/wiki/1939" class="mw-redirect" title="1939">1939</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A la fin deis annadas 1930, la question de la minoritat trobèt una importància quand <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> acomencèt sa politica d'annexion dei territòris poblats de minoritats <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemandas</a>. D'efèct, après la capitada de l'<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anschluss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anschluss (la pagina existís pas)">Anschluss</a></i> qu'aviá demostrat la feblessa de França e dau Reiaume Unit, decidèt d'annexar lo territòri checoslovac dei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sudets&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sudets (la pagina existís pas)">Sudets</a> qu'assostava lei principalei populacions alemandas de Checoslovaquia. </p><p>Aquò entraïnèt una grèva crisi internacionala e França mobilizèt en partida sei fòrças per defendre Checoslovaquia. Pasmens, lo Premier Ministre <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">britanic</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neville_Chamberlain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neville Chamberlain (la pagina existís pas)">Neville Chamberlain</a> preferiguèt negociar amb Adolf Hitler. Sensa lo sostèn de <a href="/wiki/Londres" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Londres">Londres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" class="mw-redirect" title="París">París</a> deguèt calhar e leis acòrds de Munich dau 30 de setembre organizèron lo restacament dei territòris checoslovacs poblats per d'Alemands au <a href="/wiki/Tresen_Reich" title="Tresen Reich">III<sup>en</sup> Reich</a>. </p><p>Abandonada per seis aliats, Checoslovaquia foguèt rapidament espeçada per sei vesins. <a href="/wiki/Polonha" title="Polonha">Polonha</a> annexèt la partida checoslovac dau territòri de Teschen lo 30 de setembre. Benes demissionèt lo 5 d'octòbre e s'<a href="/wiki/Exili" title="Exili">exilèt</a>. Lo 2 de novembre seguent, lo <a href="/wiki/Sud" title="Sud">sud</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Eslovaquia" title="Eslovaquia">Eslovaquia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Rut%C3%A8nia" title="Rutènia">Rutènia</a> foguèron atribuits a <a href="/wiki/Ongria" title="Ongria">Ongria</a> per un arbitrage alemand. Puei, <a href="/wiki/Eslovaquia" title="Eslovaquia">Eslovaquia</a>, ont un regime <a href="/wiki/Faissisme" title="Faissisme">faissista</a> aviá pres lo poder, proclamèt son <a href="/wiki/Independ%C3%A9ncia" title="Independéncia">independéncia</a> lo 14 de març de <a href="/wiki/1939" class="mw-redirect" title="1939">1939</a> e se placèt sota la proteccion <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemanda</a>. Enfin, dins la nuech dau 14 au 15, lo president <a href="/wiki/Emil_H%C3%A1cha" title="Emil Hácha">Emil Hácha</a> foguèt convocat a <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> onte foguèt obligat de signar la disparicion de <a href="/wiki/Checoslovaquia" title="Checoslovaquia">Checoslovaquia</a>. Sei darrierei territòris venguèron lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protectorat_de_Bo%C3%A8mia-Mor%C3%A0via&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protectorat de Boèmia-Moràvia (la pagina existís pas)">protectorat de Boèmia-Moràvia</a> que foguèt incorporat au Reich fins a la fin de la <a href="/wiki/Segonda_Gu%C3%A8rra_Mondiala" title="Segonda Guèrra Mondiala">Segonda Guèrra Mondiala</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_Segonda_Guèrra_Mondiala"><span id="La_Segonda_Gu.C3.A8rra_Mondiala"></span>La Segonda Guèrra Mondiala</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Modificar la seccion : La Segonda Guèrra Mondiala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=23" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La Segonda Guèrra Mondiala"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Durant la <a href="/wiki/Segonda_Gu%C3%A8rra_Mondiala" title="Segonda Guèrra Mondiala">Segonda Guèrra Mondiala</a>, lei territòris checoslovacs foguèron tengudas per Alemanha fins a <a href="/wiki/1945" class="mw-redirect" title="1945">1945</a> e conoguèron una ocupacion dura. En <a href="/wiki/Eslovaquia" title="Eslovaquia">Eslovaquia</a>, un regime collaborator dirigit per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josef_Tiso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josef Tiso (la pagina existís pas)">Josef Tiso</a> sostenguèt activament la politica d'<a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>. Ansin, participèt a la liquidacion dei <a href="/wiki/Juda%C3%AFsme" title="Judaïsme">judieus</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa_Centrala" title="Euròpa Centrala">Euròpa Centrala</a>, formèt d'unitats militars per combatre en Union Sovietica e mandèt un nombre important de trabalhaires en Alemanha. Pasmens, maugrat lo desvolopament de movements de resisténcia, capitèt de mantenir lo país sota son contraròtle fins a aost de <a href="/wiki/1944" class="mw-redirect" title="1944">1944</a>. Lo país foguèt finalament liberat en <a href="/wiki/1945" class="mw-redirect" title="1945">1945</a> per l'<a href="/wiki/URSS" class="mw-redirect" title="URSS">URSS</a> e <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> que prenguèron <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a> lo 4 d'abriu. </p><p>En Boèmia e Moràvia, la situacion foguèt diferenta car lei requisicions alemandas i foguèron pus importantas. De mai, a partir de setembre de <a href="/wiki/1941" class="mw-redirect" title="1941">1941</a>, lo « protector » dau país èra <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a>, adjonch de <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a>. Aquò entraïnèt una multiplicacion dei movements de resisténcia que foguèron despietadosament reprimits. Ansin, per exemple, après l'<a href="/wiki/Assassinat" title="Assassinat">assassinat</a> de <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Heydrich</a> en mai de <a href="/wiki/1942" class="mw-redirect" title="1942">1942</a>, aperaquí un milier d'abitants foguèron tuats e plusors vilatges cremats per lei <a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS">SS</a>. La liberacion dau país foguèt organizada a partir de <a href="/wiki/1940" class="mw-redirect" title="1940">1940</a> per un govèrn en <a href="/wiki/Exili" title="Exili">exili</a> presidit per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edvard_Benes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edvard Benes (la pagina existís pas)">Edvard Benes</a> e per lei <a href="/wiki/URSS" class="mw-redirect" title="URSS">Sovietics</a>. Se debanèt a la fin de la guèrra e Praga foguèt liberada lo 11 de mai de <a href="/wiki/1945" class="mw-redirect" title="1945">1945</a> siá tres jorns après la fin oficiala de la guèrra en <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Checoslovaquia" title="Checoslovaquia">Checoslovaquia</a> perdiguèt 325 000 tuats durant la guèrra siá 2,2% de sa populacion. La màger part dei victimas èran de <a href="/wiki/Juda%C3%AFsme" title="Judaïsme">judieus</a> (277 000 <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2rt" title="Mòrt">mòrts</a>) e de civius <a href="/wiki/Assassinat" title="Assassinat">assassinats</a> en represalhas ais accions de la resisténcia (26 500 <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B2rt" title="Mòrt">mòrts</a>). Lo país retrobèt sei <a href="/wiki/Frontiera" title="Frontiera">frontieras</a> de <a href="/wiki/1937" class="mw-redirect" title="1937">1937</a> mai deguèt cedir la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rut%C3%A8nia_Subcarpatica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rutènia Subcarpatica (la pagina existís pas)">Rutènia Subcarpatica</a> a l'<a href="/wiki/URSS" class="mw-redirect" title="URSS">URSS</a>. Pasmens, Praga obtenguèt lo <a href="/wiki/Drech" title="Drech">drech</a> d'expulsar la màger part de sa minoritat <a href="/wiki/Alemand" title="Alemand">germanofòna</a> entraïnant la disparicion d'un problema qu'èra estada aperavans fòrça espinós per l'estabilitat intèrna dau país. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dau_Còp_de_Praga_a_la_Prima_de_Praga"><span id="Dau_C.C3.B2p_de_Praga_a_la_Prima_de_Praga"></span>Dau Còp de Praga a la Prima de Praga</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Modificar la seccion : Dau Còp de Praga a la Prima de Praga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=24" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Dau Còp de Praga a la Prima de Praga"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Prima_de_Praga" title="Prima de Praga">Prima de Praga</a>.</div> <p>Après sa liberacion, Checoslovaquia, ocupada per l'armada <a href="/wiki/URSS" class="mw-redirect" title="URSS">sovietica</a>, foguèt dirigida per un <a href="/wiki/Gov%C3%A8rn" title="Govèrn">govèrn</a> format de sociaus democratas, de <a href="/wiki/Socialisme" title="Socialisme">socialistas</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Comunisme" title="Comunisme">comunistas</a>. Un programa comun, adoptat en abriu de <a href="/wiki/1945" class="mw-redirect" title="1945">1945</a>, prevesiá una aliança amb l'Union Sovietica, una reforma agrària e de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nacionalizacion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nacionalizacion (la pagina existís pas)">nacionalizacions</a>. D'eleccions liuras foguèron tanben organizadas en mai de <a href="/wiki/1946" class="mw-redirect" title="1946">1946</a>. Foguèron ganhadas per lei <a href="/wiki/Comunisme" title="Comunisme">comunistas</a> que son cap, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klement_Gottwald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klement Gottwald (la pagina existís pas)">Klement Gottwald</a>, foguèt cargat per lo president <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edvard_Benes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edvard Benes (la pagina existís pas)">Benes</a> de constituir lo <a href="/wiki/Gov%C3%A8rn" title="Govèrn">govèrn</a>. </p><p>Pasmens, en <a href="/wiki/1947" class="mw-redirect" title="1947">1947</a>, acomencèt una crisi grèva que s'acabèt per l'intrada dau país dins lo blòt sovietic. Premier, <a href="/wiki/Checoslovaquia" title="Checoslovaquia">Checoslovaquia</a> deguèt renonciar au <a href="/wiki/Plan_Marshall" title="Plan Marshall">Plan Marshall</a> après una injonccion d'<a href="/wiki/Estalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Estalin">Estalin</a>. Puei, leis accions dau ministre de l'Interior — comunista — còntra lei partits de drecha ò lei collaborators reaus ò imaginaris entraïnèron la demission de dotze ministres non comunistas dau govèrn en febrier de <a href="/wiki/1948" class="mw-redirect" title="1948">1948</a>. Una grèva insureccionala deis obriers de Praga sostenguèt lo govèrn que veguèt sa posicion renfòrçada. En març, lo ministre deis Afaires Estrangiers <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Masaryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Masaryk (la pagina existís pas)">Jan Masaryk</a>, darrier ministre non comunista d'importància, se suicidiguèt e en mai, una constitucion creèt una « democracia populara ». Lo mes seguent, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edvard_Benes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edvard Benes (la pagina existís pas)">Benes</a> moriguèt e foguèt remplaçat per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klement_Gottwald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klement Gottwald (la pagina existís pas)">Gottwald</a>. Nomèt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton%C3%ADn_Z%C3%A1potocky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonín Zápotocky (la pagina existís pas)">Antonín Zápotocky</a>, l'organizator dei grèvas de febrier, coma cap dau govèrn marcant la fin de l'instauracion dau regime comunista. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/1951" class="mw-redirect" title="1951">1951</a>, per de rasons mau conegudas, lo PC subiguèt una purga qu'eliminèt plusors caps istorics coma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Slansky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Slansky (la pagina existís pas)">Rudolf Slansky</a> (secretari dau Partit dempuei <a href="/wiki/1945" class="mw-redirect" title="1945">1945</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Clementis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir Clementis (la pagina existís pas)">Vladimir Clementis</a> (ministre deis Afaires Estrangiers en <a href="/wiki/1948" class="mw-redirect" title="1948">1948</a>-<a href="/wiki/1950" class="mw-redirect" title="1950">1950</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Hus%C3%A1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustav Husák (la pagina existís pas)">Gustav Husák</a> (ancian cap dau PC d'Eslovaquia) ò <a href="/w/index.php?title=Artur_London&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artur London (la pagina existís pas)">Artur London</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klement_Gottwald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klement Gottwald (la pagina existís pas)">Gottwald</a> moriguèt en <a href="/wiki/1953" class="mw-redirect" title="1953">1953</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton%C3%ADn_Z%C3%A1potocky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonín Zápotocky (la pagina existís pas)">Zápotocky</a> en <a href="/wiki/1957" class="mw-redirect" title="1957">1957</a>. Foguèron remplaçats per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton%C3%ADn_Novotny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonín Novotny (la pagina existís pas)">Antonín Novotny</a>. Durant aqueu periòde, lo regime demorèt d'inspiracion estaliana mai lei progrès economics li permetèron de se mantenir en plaça. </p><p>Aquò cambièt dins leis annadas 1960 quand l'economica checoslovaca conoguèt un periòde d'estanhacion. En <a href="/wiki/1963" class="mw-redirect" title="1963">1963</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton%C3%ADn_Novotny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonín Novotny (la pagina existís pas)">Novotny</a> foguèt obligat d'adoptar una politica pus duberta (reabilitacion de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Slansky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Slansky (la pagina existís pas)">Slansky</a>, liberacion de l'arquevesque de Praga, condamnacion dau culte de la personalitat... etc.). A la fin dau decenni, la situacion economica se melhorèt tornarmai e lo nivèu de vida checoslovac èra entre lei pus importants dau blòt de l'Èst. Dins aquò, de criticas duras emergiguèron au sen dau Partit còntra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton%C3%ADn_Novotny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonín Novotny (la pagina existís pas)">Novotny</a> que deguèt laissar lo poder en genier de <a href="/wiki/1968" class="mw-redirect" title="1968">1968</a>. </p><p>Foguèt remplaçat per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Dubcek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Dubcek (la pagina existís pas)">Alexander Dubcek</a>, premier secretari dau PC eslovac, qu'adoptèt un programa fòrça reformator. En particular, voliá adoptar un « camin checoslovac vèrs lo socialisme ». Tre sa formulacion, aquelei decisions se turtèron ai criticas puei ai pressions de l'<a href="/wiki/URSS" class="mw-redirect" title="URSS">URSS</a> e deis autrei país dau blòt orientau. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Dubcek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Dubcek (la pagina existís pas)">Dubcek</a> i resistiguèt entraïnant l'invasion de <a href="/wiki/Checoslovaquia" title="Checoslovaquia">Checoslovaquia</a> per lei tropas dau <a href="/wiki/Pacte_de_Vars%C3%B2via" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacte de Varsòvia">Pacte de Varsòvia</a> lo 20 de julhet. Impausèron una « normalizacion » e cridèron <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Hus%C3%A1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustav Husák (la pagina existís pas)">Gustav Husák</a> per dirigir lo país e purgar lo Partit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_fin_dau_periòde_comunista"><span id="La_fin_dau_peri.C3.B2de_comunista"></span>La fin dau periòde comunista</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Modificar la seccion : La fin dau periòde comunista" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=25" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La fin dau periòde comunista"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Hus%C3%A1k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustav Husák (la pagina existís pas)">Gustav Husák</a> dominèt la vida politica checoslovaca fins a la fin deis <a href="/wiki/Annada" title="Annada">annadas</a> 1980. Aqueu periòde foguèt caracterizat per una estanhacion economica — mai Checoslovaquia gardèt lo segond nivèu de vida au sen dau blòt sovietic après la <a href="/wiki/RDA" class="mw-redirect" title="RDA">RDA</a> — e un regime policier repressiu. Se turtèt a una agitacion quasi permanenta d'intellectuaus organizats a l'entorn de la « Carta 77 » que demandava la fin deis arrestacions arbitràrias e la restauracion dei libertats de pensada, d'expression... etc. Figura principala d'aqueu movement, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a> foguèt arrestat en <a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a>, en <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>-<a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a> e en <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>. </p><p>A la fin deis annadas 1980, la <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perestroika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perestroika (la pagina existís pas)">perestroika</a></i> de <a href="/wiki/Mikha%C3%AFl_Gorbachov" title="Mikhaïl Gorbachov">Mikhaïl Gorbachov</a> aguèt pas de traduccions concrètas en <a href="/wiki/Checoslovaquia" title="Checoslovaquia">Checoslovaquia</a>. Lo regime i demorèt fòrça autoritari mai aquò empachèt lo desvolopament dei manifestacions d'ostilitat de la populacion. Afeblidas per lo declin sovietic, leis autoritats acceptèron finalament de durbir de negocacions en novembre de <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a> amb un Forum Civic organizat per <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Havel</a>. Durèron gaire car lo regime comunista s'afondrèt rapidament. Tre la fin de novembre, lo PC abandonèt son ròtle au sen de la societat e <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a> èra elegit president lo mes seguent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lo_partiment_de_Checoslovaquia">Lo partiment de Checoslovaquia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Modificar la seccion : Lo partiment de Checoslovaquia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=26" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lo partiment de Checoslovaquia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Après la transicion de novembre-decembre de <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>, <a href="/wiki/Checoslovaquia" title="Checoslovaquia">Checoslovaquia</a> venguèt una « republica federativa chèca e eslovaca » en abriu de <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>. Sa vida politica se devesiguèt entre lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partit_Democratic_Civic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partit Democratic Civic (la pagina existís pas)">Partit Democratic Civic</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Partit_Democratic_Civic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partit Democratic Civic (la pagina existís pas)">ODS</a>) de <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Klaus" title="Václav Klaus">Václav Klaus</a>, partisan d'una politica <a href="/wiki/Liberalisme" title="Liberalisme">liberala</a>, e lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Movement_per_una_Eslovaquia_Democratica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Movement per una Eslovaquia Democratica (la pagina existís pas)">Movement per una Eslovaquia Democratica</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Movement_per_una_Eslovaquia_Democratica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Movement per una Eslovaquia Democratica (la pagina existís pas)">HZDS</a>) de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Meciar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir Meciar (la pagina existís pas)">Vladimir Meciar</a>, defensor de l'autonòmia eslovaca. En mai de <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>, lei dos <a href="/wiki/Partit_politic" title="Partit politic">partits</a> ganhèron leis eleccions respectivament en Chequia e en <a href="/wiki/Eslovaquia" title="Eslovaquia">Eslovaquia</a>. En julhet, leis autoritats eslovacas proclamèron sa <a href="/wiki/Sobeiranetat" title="Sobeiranetat">sobeiranetat</a> entraïnant la demission de <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a> qu'èra favorable au mantenement de l'union. Puei, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Klaus" title="Václav Klaus">Václav Klaus</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Meciar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir Meciar (la pagina existís pas)">Vladimir Meciar</a> negocièron lo partiment qu'intrèt en vigor lo 1<sup>èr</sup> de genier de <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_Republica_Chèca_dempuei_1993"><span id="La_Republica_Ch.C3.A8ca_dempuei_1993"></span>La Republica Chèca dempuei 1993</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Modificar la seccion : La Republica Chèca dempuei 1993" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=27" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La Republica Chèca dempuei 1993"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Carta_UE_occitan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/oc/thumb/8/83/Carta_UE_occitan.svg/220px-Carta_UE_occitan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/oc/thumb/8/83/Carta_UE_occitan.svg/330px-Carta_UE_occitan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/oc/thumb/8/83/Carta_UE_occitan.svg/440px-Carta_UE_occitan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="842" data-file-height="595" /></a><figcaption>La Republica Chèca dins l'<a href="/wiki/Union_Europ%C3%A8a" title="Union Europèa">Union Europèa</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Après son independéncia, la Republica Chèca adoptèt una politica de <a href="/wiki/Liberalisme" title="Liberalisme">liberalizacion</a> economica e de raprochament amb l'Occident. <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Klaus" title="Václav Klaus">Václav Klaus</a> perseguiguèt sa politica de reformas acceleradas entraïnant l'afondrament de l'economia chèca. En <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>, foguèt fòrçat de demissionar. Pasmens, lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partit_Socialista_Democrata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partit Socialista Democrata (la pagina existís pas)">Partit Socialista Democrata</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Partit_Socialista_Democrata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partit Socialista Democrata (la pagina existís pas)">CSSD</a>) obtenguèt solament una majoritat relativa ais eleccions seguentas e deguèt formar una coalicion ambé l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Partit_Democratic_Civic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partit Democratic Civic (la pagina existís pas)">ODS</a>. L'economia se redreiçèt pas avans <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a> e la crisi deis <a href="/wiki/Annada" title="Annada">annadas</a> laissèt un sovenir prefond au sen de la populacion venguda ostila au <a href="/wiki/Liberalisme" title="Liberalisme">liberalisme</a> desbridat. Cas unic dins l'ancian blòt sovietic, lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partit_Comunista_Checoslovac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partit Comunista Checoslovac (la pagina existís pas)">PC Checoslovac</a>, vengut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partit_Comunista_de_Bo%C3%A8mia_e_Mor%C3%A0via&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partit Comunista de Boèmia e Moràvia (la pagina existís pas)">Partit Comunista de Boèmia e Moràvia</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Partit_Comunista_de_Bo%C3%A8mia_e_Mor%C3%A0via&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partit Comunista de Boèmia e Moràvia (la pagina existís pas)">KSCM</a>) e que se revendica totjorn dau <a href="/wiki/Comunisme" title="Comunisme">comunisme</a>, contunia ansin de jogar un ròtle important dins la vida politica chèca. </p><p>En parallèl, la Republica Chèca integrèt l'<a href="/wiki/OTAN" class="mw-redirect" title="OTAN">OTAN</a> en <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Union_Europ%C3%A8a" title="Union Europèa">Union Europèa</a> en <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>. L'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Partit_Democratic_Civic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partit Democratic Civic (la pagina existís pas)">ODS</a>, lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partit_Socialista_Democrata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partit Socialista Democrata (la pagina existís pas)">CSSD</a> e lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partit_Comunista_de_Bo%C3%A8mia_e_Mor%C3%A0via&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partit Comunista de Boèmia e Moràvia (la pagina existís pas)">KSCM</a> dominan la vida politica. Pasmens, un fòrt corrent eurosceptic limita l'integracion au sen de l'UE au minimom. En particular, la Republica Chèca participa pas au <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mecanisme_de_taus_de_cambi_europ%C3%A8u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mecanisme de taus de cambi europèu (la pagina existís pas)">mecanisme de taus de cambi europèu</a> e l'adopcion eventuala de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%88uro" title="Èuro">èuro</a> es regularament repossada. De <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a> a <a href="/wiki/2008" class="mw-redirect" title="2008">2008</a>, l'economia chèca conoguèt de taus de creissença importants (superiors a + 6%/an) avans de conóisser un afondrament brutau en <a href="/wiki/2008" class="mw-redirect" title="2008">2008</a>-<a href="/wiki/2010" class="mw-redirect" title="2010">2010</a>. Dempuei aquela data, conoís un periòde d'estanhacion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politica">Politica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Modificar la seccion : Politica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=28" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Politica"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chequia es una <a href="/wiki/Republica" title="Republica">republica</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentarisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parlamentarisme (la pagina existís pas)">parlamentària</a>. Lo president es lo cap d'Estat, es elegit per un periòde de cinc ans, amb solament una possibilitat de reeleccion. L'executiu es dirigit pel primièr ministre, Bohuslav Sobotka dempuèi lo 17 de genièr de 2014. </p><p>Lo <a href="/wiki/Parlament" title="Parlament">Parlament</a> a doas cambras: la Cambra dels Deputats (amb 200 membres) e lo Senat (<i>Senát</i>), amb 81 membres. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regions">Regions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Modificar la seccion : Regions" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=29" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Regions"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Regions_de_la_Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca" title="Regions de la Republica Chèca">Regions de la Republica Chèca</a>.</div> <p>Las tres grandas regions istoricas de Chequia son <a href="/wiki/Bo%C3%A8mia" title="Boèmia">Boèmia</a> a l'oèst, <a href="/wiki/Mor%C3%A0via" title="Moràvia">Moràvia</a> a l'èst e <a href="/wiki/Sil%C3%A8sia" title="Silèsia">Silèsia</a> al nòrd-èst. </p><p>Chequia es devesida en 13 regions administrativas (<i>kraje</i>, al singular <i>kraj</i>) e una ciutat capitala (<i>hlavní město</i> - marcada per <sup>*</sup>) : </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Czech-regions.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Czech-regions.png/350px-Czech-regions.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Czech-regions.png 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>Mapa de las regions de Chequia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:CZ-mapa_oc.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/CZ-mapa_oc.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="355" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption>Mapa de Chequia</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="25"> </th> <th>Region</th> <th>Capitala </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Praga" title="Praga">Praga</a>* (Hlavní město Praha)</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#0000CC"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bo%C3%A8mia_Centrala" title="Boèmia Centrala">region de Boèmia Centrala</a> (Středočeský kraj)</td> <td>burèus a <a href="/wiki/Praga" title="Praga">Praga</a> (Praha) </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#00CC00"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bo%C3%A8mia_del_Sud" title="Boèmia del Sud">region de Boèmia del Sud</a> (Jihočeský kraj)</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cesk%C3%A9_Bud%C4%9Bjovice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="České Budějovice (la pagina existís pas)">České Budějovice</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#CC00CC"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plze%C5%88_(region)" title="Plzeň (region)">region de Plzeň</a> (Plzeňský kraj)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plze%C5%88" title="Plzeň">Plzeň</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karlovy_Vary_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karlovy Vary (region)">region de Karlovy Vary</a> (Karlovarský kraj)</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlovy_Vary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karlovy Vary (la pagina existís pas)">Karlovy Vary</a> (Carlsbad) </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#CC9900"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Ast%C3%AD_nad_Labem_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ústí nad Labem (region)">region d'Ústí nad Labem</a> (Ústecký kraj)</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Ast%C3%AD_nad_Labem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ústí nad Labem (la pagina existís pas)">Ústí nad Labem</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#666666"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberec_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberec (region)">region de Liberec</a> (Liberecký kraj)</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberec (la pagina existís pas)">Liberec</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#00FFCC"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hradec_Kr%C3%A1lov%C3%A9_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hradec Králové (region)">region de Hradec Králové</a> (Královéhradecký kraj)</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hradec_Kr%C3%A1lov%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hradec Králové (la pagina existís pas)">Hradec Králové</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pardubice_(region)" title="Pardubice (region)">region de Pardubice</a> (Pardubický kraj)</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pardubice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pardubice (la pagina existís pas)">Pardubice</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#660066"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Olomouc_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Olomouc (region)">region d'Olomouc</a> (Olomoucký kraj)</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olomouc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olomouc (la pagina existís pas)">Olomouc</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#009900"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mor%C3%A0via_e_Sil%C3%A8sia_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moràvia e Silèsia (region)">region de Moràvia e Silèsia</a> (Moravskoslezský kraj)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ostrava" title="Ostrava">Ostrava</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#ff8800"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mor%C3%A0via_del_Sud" title="Moràvia del Sud">region de Moràvia del Sud</a> (Jihomoravský kraj)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brno</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#00CCFF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zl%C3%ADn_(region)" title="Zlín (region)">region de Zlín</a> (Zlínský kraj)</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zl%C3%ADn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zlín (la pagina existís pas)">Zlín</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#CC0000"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vyso%C4%8Dina" title="Vysočina">region de Vysočina</a> (kraj Vysočina)</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jihlava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jihlava (la pagina existís pas)">Jihlava</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economia">Economia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Modificar la seccion : Economia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=30" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Economia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Economia_de_la_Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca" title="Economia de la Republica Chèca">Economia de la Republica Chèca</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Modificar la seccion : Cultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=31" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Cultura"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aquel país, malgrat la siá mesura relativament pichona, a vist nàisser d'importants escrivans coma <a href="/wiki/Milan_Kundera" title="Milan Kundera">Milan Kundera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Kafka" title="Franz Kafka">Franz Kafka</a> (qu'escriviá en <a href="/wiki/Alemand" title="Alemand">alemand</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaroslav_Ha%C5%A1ek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaroslav Hašek (la pagina existís pas)">Jaroslav Hašek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karel_%C4%8Capek" title="Karel Čapek">Karel Čapek</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bohumil_Hrabal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bohumil Hrabal (la pagina existís pas)">Bohumil Hrabal</a> o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaroslav_Velinsk%C3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaroslav Velinský (la pagina existís pas)">Jaroslav Velinský</a>, e de compositors coma <a href="/wiki/Bed%C5%99ich_Smetana" title="Bedřich Smetana">Bedřich Smetana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k" title="Antonín Dvořák">Antonín Dvořák</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Gustav Mahler</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Le%C3%B3%C5%A1_Jan%C3%A1%C4%8Dek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leóš Janáček (la pagina existís pas)">Leóš Janáček</a> o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bohuslav_Martin%C5%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bohuslav Martinů (la pagina existís pas)">Bohuslav Martinů</a>. </p><p>Lo tèrme <i>Nòu Onda Checoslovaca</i> es estat emplegat per se far referéncia a las innovadoras primièras òbras de directors coma <a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a>, amb una estetica opausada a la Nòva Onda Francesa, una tematica e una filosofia fòrça ligadas a la literatura nacionala dels ans 60 e amb los faches de la <a href="/wiki/Prima_de_Praga" title="Prima de Praga">Prima de Praga</a>, qu'acabèron en impausant una fòrta censura sus las òbras d'aqueles realizadors. </p><p>Pendent l'èra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comunista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comunista (la pagina existís pas)">comunista</a>, e l'existéncia de l'Estat <a href="/wiki/Checoslovaquia" title="Checoslovaquia">checoslovac</a> doas pelliculas fachas dins aquel país ganhèron l'<a href="/wiki/Oscar" title="Oscar">Oscar</a> a la melhora pellicula de parlar pas anglés: <i>La botiga de la carrièra granda</i> (<i>Obchod la korze</i>) de <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%A1n_Kad%C3%A1r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ján Kadár (la pagina existís pas)">Ján Kadár</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elmar_Klos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elmar Klos (la pagina existís pas)">Elmar Klos</a>, e <i>de Trens rigorosament susvelhats</i> (<i>Ostře sledované vlaky</i>, basat en lo roman omonim de l'escrivan Bohumil Hrabal) de Jiří Menzel. En los darrièrs ans, una autra pellicula a obtengut lo prèmi, <i>Kolya</i> del director Jan Svěrák. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annèxas"><span id="Ann.C3.A8xas"></span>Annèxas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Modificar la seccion : Annèxas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=32" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Annèxas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=33" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Bibliografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vejatz_tanben">Vejatz tanben</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Modificar la seccion : Vejatz tanben" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=34" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Vejatz tanben"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voses_connèxas"><span id="Voses_conn.C3.A8xas"></span>Voses connèxas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Modificar la seccion : Voses connèxas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=35" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Voses connèxas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nòtas_e_referéncias"><span id="N.C3.B2tas_e_refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Nòtas e referéncias</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas e referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Ch%C3%A8ca&action=edit&section=36" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Nòtas e referéncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint wikiligam_alternatiu" style="clear:right; float:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em;width:250px;border:solid #AAAAAA 1px; background:#f9f9f9;padding:0px;font-size:90%;text-align:left;"> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"> <td style="line-height:50px;vertical-align:middle;position:relative" align="center" valign="middle"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="commons:"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/75px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/100px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td valign="middle"> <p><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> prepausa de documents multimèdia liures sus <b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic?uselang=oc">Republica Chèca</a></b>.</span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-N-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-N_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">En <a href="/wiki/Lemosin_(dialecte)" title="Lemosin (dialecte)">lemosin</a> sus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230203055331/https://locongres.org/oc/aplicacions/dicodoc-oc/dicodoc-recerca?option=com_dicodoc&view=search&Itemid=168&type=fr-oc&dic%5B%5D=BASIC&dic%5B%5D=RBVD&dic%5B%5D=ALPC&dic%5B%5D=ATAU&dic%5B%5D=PROV&dic%5B%5D=PNST&dic%5B%5D=OMLH&dic%5B%5D=LAUS&dic%5B%5D=LAGA&dic%5B%5D=LEMO&q=tch%C3%A8que&q2=&submit=Cercar"><i>Dico d’Oc</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pasmens, en causa de l'invasion <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Otoman" title="Empèri Otoman">otomana</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Ongria" title="Ongria">Ongria</a>, poguèt ocupar solament un tèrç dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reiaume_d%27Ongria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reiaume d'Ongria (la pagina existís pas)">Reiaume d'Ongria</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lei <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BAssia" title="Prússia">Prussians</a> pilhèron pasmens la <a href="/wiki/Vila" title="Vila">vila</a> en <a href="/wiki/1744" class="mw-redirect" title="1744">1744</a>.</span> </li> </ol><table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" data-autocollapse-group="paleta" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand nowrap tnavbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8l:Paleta_Pa%C3%AFses_d%27Eur%C3%B2pa_(COE)" title="Modèl:Paleta Païses d'Euròpa (COE)"><abbr class="abbr" title="Veire aqueste modèl.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8l:Paleta_Pa%C3%AFses_d%27Eur%C3%B2pa_(COE)&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modificar aqueste modèl. Mercé de previsualizar abans de salvar.">m</abbr></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandièra: Euròpa"><img alt="Bandièra: Euròpa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/55px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/83px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/110px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> Païses d’Euròpa</span></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Union_Europ%C3%A8a" title="Union Europèa"><span style="background-color: #003399; color: #FFCC00;">Union Europèa</span></a><br /><small>(27 membres)</small></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="background:#f7f8ff"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%80ustria" title="Àustria">Àustria</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgica" title="Belgica">Belgica</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chipre" title="Chipre">Chipre</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cro%C3%A0cia" title="Croàcia">Croàcia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danemarc" title="Danemarc">Danemarc</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eslovaquia" title="Eslovaquia">Eslovaquia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eslov%C3%A8nia" title="Eslovènia">Eslovènia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Espanha" title="Espanha">Espanha</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%B2nia" title="Estònia">Estònia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finl%C3%A0ndia" title="Finlàndia">Finlàndia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia" title="Grècia">Grècia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irlanda_(pa%C3%ADs)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irlanda (país)">Irlanda</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Let%C3%B2nia" title="Letònia">Letònia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Litu%C3%A0nia" title="Lituània">Lituània</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxemborg_(pa%C3%ADs)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxemborg (país)">Luxemborg</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ongria" title="Ongria">Ongria</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%AFses_Basses" title="Païses Basses">Païses Basses</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polonha" title="Polonha">Polonha</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Republica Chèca</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8cia" title="Suècia">Suècia</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Associacion_Europ%C3%A8a_de_Liure_Escambi" title="Associacion Europèa de Liure Escambi"><span style="background-color: #003399; color: #FFCC00;">Associacion Europèa de Liure Escambi</span></a><br /><small>(4 membres)</small></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background:#ECECFF"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Isl%C3%A0ndia" title="Islàndia">Islàndia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norv%C3%A8gia" title="Norvègia">Norvègia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/So%C3%AFssa" title="Soïssa">Soïssa</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ac%C3%B2rdi_de_Liure_Escambi_Centreurop%C3%A8u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acòrdi de Liure Escambi Centreuropèu (la pagina existís pas)"><span style="background-color: #003399; color: #FFCC00;">Acòrdi de Liure Escambi Centreuropèu</span></a><br /><small>(6 membres)</small></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="background:#f7f8ff"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B2snia_e_Ercegovina" title="Bòsnia e Ercegovina">Bòsnia e Ercegovina</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maced%C3%B2nia_del_N%C3%B2rd" title="Macedònia del Nòrd">Macedònia del Nòrd</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mold%C3%A0via_(estat)" title="Moldàvia (estat)">Moldàvia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Los autres Estats europèus<br /><small>(o Estats qu'una partida n'es en Euròpa)</small></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="background:#ECECFF"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/And%C3%B2rra" title="Andòrra">Andòrra</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaitjan" title="Azerbaitjan">Azerbaitjan</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bielorussia" title="Bielorussia">Bielorussia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cazacstan" title="Cazacstan">Cazacstan</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(Cauc%C3%A0s)" title="Georgia (Caucàs)">Georgia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3negue" title="Mónegue">Mónegue</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">Reialme Unit</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sant_Marin" title="Sant Marin">Sant Marin</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">Turquia</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ucra%C3%AFna" title="Ucraïna">Ucraïna</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vatican" title="Vatican">Vatican</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Los autres territòris europèus<br /><small>(dependéncias o estat de la reconeissença parciala)</small></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="background:#f7f8ff"> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chipre_del_N%C3%B2rd" title="Chipre del Nòrd">Chipre del Nòrd</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coss%C3%B2va_del_N%C3%B2rd" title="Cossòva del Nòrd">Cossòva del Nòrd</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gibartar" title="Gibartar">Gibartar</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Illa_de_Man" title="Illa de Man">Illa de Man</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Illas_Fer%C3%B2e" title="Illas Feròe">Illas Feròe</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Illas_Normandas" title="Illas Normandas">Illas Normandas</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kosova" title="Kosova">Kosova</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Transn%C3%ADstria" title="Transnístria">Transnístria</a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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