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li > ul.mfn-megamenu-bg{box-sizing:border-box}#Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu-bg{padding:20px 166px 20px 20px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:right bottom}.rtl #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu-bg{padding-left:166px;padding-right:20px;background-position:left bottom}#Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu-bg > li{background:none}#Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu-bg > li a{border:none}#Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu-bg > li > ul{background:none!important;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 0 0;-moz-box-shadow:0 0 0 0;box-shadow:0 0 0 0}.mm-vertical #Top_bar .container{position:relative}.mm-vertical #Top_bar .top_bar_left{position:static}.mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li ul{box-shadow:0 0 0 0 transparent!important;background-image:none}.mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu{padding:20px 0}.mm-vertical.header-plain #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu{width:100%!important;margin:0}.mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu > 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#menu{display:none;height:auto;width:300px;bottom:auto;top:100%;right:1px;position:absolute;margin:0}.header-simple #Header a.responsive-menu-toggle{display:block;right:10px}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu > ul{width:100%;float:left}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li{width:100%;padding-bottom:0;border-right:0;position:relative}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li a{padding:0 20px;margin:0;display:block;height:auto;line-height:normal;border:none}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li a:not(.menu-toggle):after{display:none}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li a span{border:none;line-height:44px;display:inline;padding:0}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li.submenu .menu-toggle{display:block;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:44px;height:44px;line-height:44px;font-size:30px;font-weight:300;text-align:center;cursor:pointer;color:#444;opacity:0.33;transform:unset}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li.submenu .menu-toggle:after{content:"+";position:static}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li.hover > 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ul{border-left:0!important;padding:0;top:0}.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li ul li a{padding:0 20px 0 40px}.rtl.header-simple #Top_bar #menu{left:1px;right:auto}.rtl.header-simple #Top_bar a.responsive-menu-toggle{left:10px;right:auto}.rtl.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li.submenu .menu-toggle{left:0;right:auto}.rtl.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li ul{left:auto!important;right:0!important}.rtl.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li a{padding:0 30px 0 20px}.rtl.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li ul li a{padding:0 40px 0 20px}.menu-highlight #Top_bar .menu > li{margin:0 2px}.menu-highlight:not(.header-creative) #Top_bar .menu > li > a{padding:0;-webkit-border-radius:5px;border-radius:5px}.menu-highlight #Top_bar .menu > li > a:after{display:none}.menu-highlight #Top_bar .menu > li > a span:not(.description){line-height:50px}.menu-highlight #Top_bar .menu > li > a span.description{display:none}.menu-highlight.header-stack #Top_bar .menu > li > a{margin:10px 0!important}.menu-highlight.header-stack #Top_bar .menu > li > a span:not(.description){line-height:40px}.menu-highlight.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li,.menu-highlight.header-creative #Top_bar #menu ul li{margin:0}.menu-highlight.header-simple #Top_bar #menu ul li > a,.menu-highlight.header-creative #Top_bar #menu ul li > a{-webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0}.menu-highlight:not(.header-fixed):not(.header-simple) #Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a{margin:10px 0!important;padding:5px 0!important}.menu-highlight:not(.header-fixed):not(.header-simple) #Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a span{line-height:30px!important}.header-modern.menu-highlight.menuo-right .menu_wrapper{margin-right:20px}.menu-line-below #Top_bar .menu > li > a:not(.menu-toggle):after{top:auto;bottom:-4px}.menu-line-below #Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a:not(.menu-toggle):after{top:auto;bottom:-4px}.menu-line-below-80 #Top_bar:not(.is-sticky) .menu > li > a:not(.menu-toggle):after{height:4px;left:10%;top:50%;margin-top:20px;width:80%}.menu-line-below-80-1 #Top_bar:not(.is-sticky) .menu > li > a:not(.menu-toggle):after{height:1px;left:10%;top:50%;margin-top:20px;width:80%}.menu-link-color #Top_bar .menu > li > a:not(.menu-toggle):after{display:none!important}.menu-arrow-top #Top_bar .menu > li > a:after{background:none repeat scroll 0 0 rgba(0,0,0,0)!important;border-color:#ccc transparent transparent;border-style:solid;border-width:7px 7px 0;display:block;height:0;left:50%;margin-left:-7px;top:0!important;width:0}.menu-arrow-top #Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a:after{top:0!important}.menu-arrow-bottom #Top_bar .menu > li > a:after{background:none!important;border-color:transparent transparent #ccc;border-style:solid;border-width:0 7px 7px;display:block;height:0;left:50%;margin-left:-7px;top:auto;bottom:0;width:0}.menu-arrow-bottom #Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a:after{top:auto;bottom:0}.menuo-no-borders #Top_bar .menu > li > a span{border-width:0!important}.menuo-no-borders #Header_creative #Top_bar .menu > li > a span{border-bottom-width:0}.menuo-no-borders.header-plain #Top_bar a#header_cart,.menuo-no-borders.header-plain #Top_bar a#search_button,.menuo-no-borders.header-plain #Top_bar .wpml-languages,.menuo-no-borders.header-plain #Top_bar a.action_button{border-width:0}.menuo-right #Top_bar .menu_wrapper{float:right}.menuo-right.header-stack:not(.header-center) #Top_bar .menu_wrapper{margin-right:150px}body.header-creative{padding-left:50px}body.header-creative.header-open{padding-left:250px}body.error404,body.under-construction,body.template-blank,body.under-construction.header-rtl.header-creative.header-open{padding-left:0!important;padding-right:0!important}.header-creative.footer-fixed #Footer,.header-creative.footer-sliding #Footer,.header-creative.footer-stick #Footer.is-sticky{box-sizing:border-box;padding-left:50px}.header-open.footer-fixed #Footer,.header-open.footer-sliding #Footer,.header-creative.footer-stick #Footer.is-sticky{padding-left:250px}.header-rtl.header-creative.footer-fixed #Footer,.header-rtl.header-creative.footer-sliding #Footer,.header-rtl.header-creative.footer-stick #Footer.is-sticky{padding-left:0;padding-right:50px}.header-rtl.header-open.footer-fixed #Footer,.header-rtl.header-open.footer-sliding #Footer,.header-rtl.header-creative.footer-stick #Footer.is-sticky{padding-right:250px}#Header_creative{background-color:#fff;position:fixed;width:250px;height:100%;left:-200px;top:0;z-index:9002;-webkit-box-shadow:2px 0 4px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.15);box-shadow:2px 0 4px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.15)}#Header_creative .container{width:100%}#Header_creative .creative-wrapper{opacity:0;margin-right:50px}#Header_creative a.creative-menu-toggle{display:block;width:34px;height:34px;line-height:34px;font-size:22px;text-align:center;position:absolute;top:10px;right:8px;border-radius:3px}.admin-bar #Header_creative a.creative-menu-toggle{top:42px}#Header_creative #Top_bar{position:static;width:100%}#Header_creative #Top_bar .top_bar_left{width:100%!important;float:none}#Header_creative #Top_bar .logo{float:none;text-align:center;margin:15px 0}#Header_creative #Top_bar #menu{background-color:transparent}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu_wrapper{float:none;margin:0 0 30px}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu > li{width:100%;float:none;position:relative}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu > li > a{padding:0;text-align:center}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu > li > a:after{display:none}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu > li > a span{border-right:0;border-bottom-width:1px;line-height:38px}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu li ul{left:100%;right:auto;top:0;box-shadow:2px 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.03);-webkit-box-shadow:2px 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.03)}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu{margin:0;width:700px!important}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu > li > ul{left:0}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu li ul li a{padding-top:9px;padding-bottom:8px}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu li ul li ul{top:0}#Header_creative #Top_bar .menu > li > a span.description{display:block;font-size:13px;line-height:28px!important;clear:both}.menuo-arrows #Top_bar .menu > li.submenu > a > span:after{content:unset!important}#Header_creative #Top_bar .top_bar_right{width:100%!important;float:left;height:auto;margin-bottom:35px;text-align:center;padding:0 20px;top:0;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}#Header_creative #Top_bar .top_bar_right:before{content:none}#Header_creative #Top_bar .top_bar_right .top_bar_right_wrapper{flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center}#Header_creative #Top_bar .top_bar_right .top-bar-right-icon,#Header_creative #Top_bar .top_bar_right .wpml-languages,#Header_creative #Top_bar .top_bar_right .top-bar-right-button,#Header_creative #Top_bar .top_bar_right .top-bar-right-input{min-height:30px;margin:5px}#Header_creative #Top_bar .search_wrapper{left:100%;top:auto}#Header_creative #Top_bar .banner_wrapper{display:block;text-align:center}#Header_creative #Top_bar .banner_wrapper img{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:inline-block}#Header_creative #Action_bar{display:none;position:absolute;bottom:0;top:auto;clear:both;padding:0 20px;box-sizing:border-box}#Header_creative #Action_bar .contact_details{width:100%;text-align:center;margin-bottom:20px}#Header_creative #Action_bar .contact_details li{padding:0}#Header_creative #Action_bar .social{float:none;text-align:center;padding:5px 0 15px}#Header_creative #Action_bar .social li{margin-bottom:2px}#Header_creative #Action_bar .social-menu{float:none;text-align:center}#Header_creative #Action_bar .social-menu li{border-color:rgba(0,0,0,.1)}#Header_creative .social li a{color:rgba(0,0,0,.5)}#Header_creative .social li a:hover{color:#000}#Header_creative .creative-social{position:absolute;bottom:10px;right:0;width:50px}#Header_creative .creative-social li{display:block;float:none;width:100%;text-align:center;margin-bottom:5px}.header-creative .fixed-nav.fixed-nav-prev{margin-left:50px}.header-creative.header-open .fixed-nav.fixed-nav-prev{margin-left:250px}.menuo-last #Header_creative #Top_bar .menu li.last ul{top:auto;bottom:0}.header-open #Header_creative{left:0}.header-open #Header_creative .creative-wrapper{opacity:1;margin:0!important}.header-open #Header_creative .creative-menu-toggle,.header-open #Header_creative .creative-social{display:none}.header-open #Header_creative #Action_bar{display:block}body.header-rtl.header-creative{padding-left:0;padding-right:50px}.header-rtl #Header_creative{left:auto;right:-200px}.header-rtl #Header_creative .creative-wrapper{margin-left:50px;margin-right:0}.header-rtl #Header_creative a.creative-menu-toggle{left:8px;right:auto}.header-rtl #Header_creative .creative-social{left:0;right:auto}.header-rtl #Footer #back_to_top.sticky{right:125px}.header-rtl #popup_contact{right:70px}.header-rtl #Header_creative #Top_bar .menu li ul{left:auto;right:100%}.header-rtl #Header_creative #Top_bar .search_wrapper{left:auto;right:100%}.header-rtl .fixed-nav.fixed-nav-prev{margin-left:0!important}.header-rtl .fixed-nav.fixed-nav-next{margin-right:50px}body.header-rtl.header-creative.header-open{padding-left:0;padding-right:250px!important}.header-rtl.header-open #Header_creative{left:auto;right:0}.header-rtl.header-open #Footer #back_to_top.sticky{right:325px}.header-rtl.header-open #popup_contact{right:270px}.header-rtl.header-open .fixed-nav.fixed-nav-next{margin-right:250px}#Header_creative.active{left:-1px}.header-rtl #Header_creative.active{left:auto;right:-1px}#Header_creative.active .creative-wrapper{opacity:1;margin:0}.header-creative .vc_row[data-vc-full-width]{padding-left:50px}.header-creative.header-open .vc_row[data-vc-full-width]{padding-left:250px}.header-open .vc_parallax .vc_parallax-inner{left:auto;width:calc(100% - 250px)}.header-open.header-rtl .vc_parallax .vc_parallax-inner{left:0;right:auto}#Header_creative.scroll{height:100%;overflow-y:auto}#Header_creative.scroll:not(.dropdown) .menu li ul{display:none!important}#Header_creative.scroll #Action_bar{position:static}#Header_creative.dropdown{outline:none}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar .menu_wrapper{float:left;width:100%}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li{position:relative;float:left}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li a:not(.menu-toggle):after{display:none}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li a span{line-height:38px;padding:0}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li.submenu .menu-toggle{display:block;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:38px;height:38px;line-height:38px;font-size:26px;font-weight:300;text-align:center;cursor:pointer;color:#444;opacity:0.33;z-index:203}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li.submenu .menu-toggle:after{content:"+";position:static}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li.hover > .menu-toggle:after{content:"-"}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul.sub-menu li:not(:last-of-type) a{border-bottom:0}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul.mfn-megamenu li .menu-toggle{display:none}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li ul{position:relative!important;left:0!important;top:0;padding:0;margin-left:0!important;width:auto!important;background-image:none}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li{width:100%!important}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li a{padding:0 10px;text-align:center}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li a .menu-arrow{display:none}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li a span{padding:0}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li a span:after{display:none!important}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu a.mfn-megamenu-title{text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:400}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu > li > ul{display:block!important;position:inherit;left:auto;top:auto}#Header_creative.dropdown #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li ul{border-left:0!important;padding:0;top:0}#Header_creative{transition:left .5s ease-in-out,right .5s ease-in-out}#Header_creative .creative-wrapper{transition:opacity .5s ease-in-out,margin 0s ease-in-out .5s}#Header_creative.active .creative-wrapper{transition:opacity .5s ease-in-out,margin 0s ease-in-out}}@media only screen and (min-width:1240px){#Top_bar.is-sticky{position:fixed!important;width:100%;left:0;top:-60px;height:60px;z-index:701;background:#fff;opacity:.97;-webkit-box-shadow:0 2px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.1);-moz-box-shadow:0 2px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.1);box-shadow:0 2px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.1)}.layout-boxed.header-boxed #Top_bar.is-sticky{left:50%;-webkit-transform:translateX(-50%);transform:translateX(-50%)}#Top_bar.is-sticky .top_bar_left,#Top_bar.is-sticky .top_bar_right,#Top_bar.is-sticky .top_bar_right:before{background:none;box-shadow:unset}#Top_bar.is-sticky .logo{width:auto;margin:0 30px 0 20px;padding:0}#Top_bar.is-sticky #logo,#Top_bar.is-sticky .custom-logo-link{padding:5px 0!important;height:50px!important;line-height:50px!important}.logo-no-sticky-padding #Top_bar.is-sticky #logo{height:60px!important;line-height:60px!important}#Top_bar.is-sticky #logo img.logo-main{display:none}#Top_bar.is-sticky #logo img.logo-sticky{display:inline;max-height:35px}.logo-sticky-width-auto #Top_bar.is-sticky #logo img.logo-sticky{width:auto}#Top_bar.is-sticky .menu_wrapper{clear:none}#Top_bar.is-sticky .menu_wrapper .menu > li > a{padding:15px 0}#Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a,#Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a span{line-height:30px}#Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a:after{top:auto;bottom:-4px}#Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a span.description{display:none}#Top_bar.is-sticky .secondary_menu_wrapper,#Top_bar.is-sticky .banner_wrapper{display:none}.header-overlay #Top_bar.is-sticky{display:none}.sticky-dark #Top_bar.is-sticky,.sticky-dark 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15px 30px 0 rgba(1,7,39,.13)}#mfn-gdpr .mfn-gdpr-content,#mfn-gdpr .mfn-gdpr-content h1,#mfn-gdpr .mfn-gdpr-content h2,#mfn-gdpr .mfn-gdpr-content h3,#mfn-gdpr .mfn-gdpr-content h4,#mfn-gdpr .mfn-gdpr-content h5,#mfn-gdpr .mfn-gdpr-content h6,#mfn-gdpr .mfn-gdpr-content ol,#mfn-gdpr .mfn-gdpr-content ul{color:#626262}#mfn-gdpr .mfn-gdpr-content a,#mfn-gdpr a.mfn-gdpr-readmore{color:#161922}#mfn-gdpr .mfn-gdpr-content a:hover,#mfn-gdpr a.mfn-gdpr-readmore:hover{color:#0089f7}#mfn-gdpr .mfn-gdpr-button{background-color:#006edf;color:#ffffff;border-color:transparent}#mfn-gdpr .mfn-gdpr-button:hover{background-color:#0089f7;color:#ffffff;border-color:transparent}@media only screen and ( min-width:768px ){.header-semi #Top_bar:not(.is-sticky){background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.8)}}@media only screen and ( max-width:767px ){#Top_bar{background-color:#ffffff !important}#Action_bar{background-color:#007dc5 !important}#Action_bar .contact_details{color:#222222}#Action_bar .contact_details a{color:#0095eb}#Action_bar .contact_details a:hover{color:#007cc3}#Action_bar .social li a,#Action_bar .social-menu a{color:#bbbbbb!important}#Action_bar .social li a:hover,#Action_bar .social-menu a:hover{color:#777777!important}} form input.display-none{display:none!important} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='style-css' href='https://www.wyatt.com/wp-content/themes/betheme-child/style.css?ver=6.4.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='mfn-custom-inline-css' type='text/css'> @supports (-ms-ime-align: auto) { } span {font-family:"Open Sans", Arial, Tahoma, sans-serif !important;} @media only screen and (min-width: 1240px) { .header-classic #Header .top_bar_left {width:1306px;} #Top_bar .menu > li > a {padding:15px 5px;} #Top_bar.is-sticky .menu_wrapper .menu > li > a {padding:15px 5px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu{ padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; width:92.5%!important; margin:0px 3%;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu .container {display:block;} /** Added 121024 **/ h1 { line-height: 44px !important; } .h2-underline {border-bottom: thick solid #ffb600; padding-bottom: 15px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu::before {content:' '; background:#fff; position:absolute; width:100vw; height:100%; margin-left: -50vw; left: 50%; } .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > .menu-overlap {z-index:1;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.4); position:absolute; width:100vw; height:100vh; margin-left: -50vw; left: 50%; cursor:hand; cursor:pointer;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li.not-active a{color:#444444;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li.not-active a::after {opacity:0;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu a.mfn-megamenu-title, .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu a.mfn-megamenu-title:hover {padding:5px 0px; background:transparent; color:#444444; text-transform:unset;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu a.mfn-megamenu-title:hover span {text-decoration:none ;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu ul {background:transparent; } .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li >ul.mfn-megamenu ul a {color:#007dc5; } .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li >ul.mfn-megamenu ul a:hover {background:transparent;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu > li a {padding:5px 0px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu > li a:hover {text-decoration:underline;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul {padding:20px 20px 20px 2px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul a {padding:5px; border:0px; color:#007dc5;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul a:hover {background:transparent; } .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul a:hover span {text-decoration:underline ;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu > li {padding-top:20px; padding-bottom:25px; border-right: 0px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);} /*for parent title in sbmenu*/ .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu > li:first-child {display:none; width:auto; padding-bottom:0px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu > li:first-child h3 {padding-top:20px; line-height:30px; border-bottom:1px solid #ccc; font-weight:600;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu > li:first-child h3 a{color:#444444;} /*for contact submenu*/ .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li#menu-item-2437 li.mfn-megamenu-cols-2 li {} /*menu button css*/ .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li#menu-item-5221 a span {background:#007dc5; color:#fff; border-radius:6px; line-height:40px; margin-top:8px; margin-left:20px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li#menu-item-5221 a:after {display:none;} #Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li#menu-item-5221 > a, #Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li#menu-item-5221 > a span {line-height:30px; margin-top:0px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar li#menu-item-6152 a {color:#000 !important; padding-top:0px !important; white-space:nowrap; color: #007dc5 !important; font-weight: 400;} /*set width of menu item*/ .mm-vertical #Top_bar li#menu-item-2341 {width:343px; padding-left: 80px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar li#menu-item-2348 {width:278px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar li#menu-item-2355 {width:288px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar li#menu-item-2363 {width:240px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar li#menu-item-2369 {width:541px; padding-left:70px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar li#menu-item-2379 {width:340px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar li#menu-item-2384 {width:280px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar li#menu-item-2391 {width:350px; padding-left:80px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar li#menu-item-2395 {width:310px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar li#menu-item-2403 {width:310px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar li#menu-item-2408 {width:210px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar li#menu-item-5918 {width:487px; padding-left:115px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar li#menu-item-5919 {width:387px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar li#menu-item-5920 {width:280px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar li#menu-item-2427 {width:700px; padding-left:300px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar li#menu-item-5235 {width:487px; padding-left:115px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar li#menu-item-5765 {width:310px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar li#menu-item-26131 {width:387px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar li#menu-item-15082 {width:700px; padding-left:300px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar li#menu-item-15044 {width:397px;} } @media only screen and (max-width: 1239px) { #menu > ul > li > a, a.action_button, #overlay-menu ul li a { font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 1px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li > ul.mfn-megamenu > li:first-child {display:none; width:auto; padding-bottom:0px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li a {font-size:16px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar #menu ul li ul li ul li a {font-size:15px;} } /* Header */ .header-classic #Top_bar { border-bottom: 0px solid #e1e1e1;} .header-classic:not(.home) #Content { border-top: 0px solid #e1e1e1; } .header-classic.home .mfn-rev-slider { border-top: 1px solid #e1e1e1; } /*Action Bar*/ #Action_bar a {color:#fff;} /* Widget */ .widget-area:before { display: none; } .aside_left .widget-area { border: 0; } /* Icon box */ .icon_box.has_border { background: #fff; border: 1px solid #e1e1e1; padding: 40px 10%; } .icon_box.no_border {background: #fff; border:0px; padding: 40px 10%;} .icon_box.has_border:after {border:0px} /* Offer box */ .offer_box { background-color: #252525; padding: 20px 20px 5px; text-align: center; } .offer_box .offer_box_list { border-width: 1px 1px 0 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: #929292; font-weight: 700; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 2px; margin-bottom: 20px; } .offer_box .offer_box_list a { display: block; color: #fff; border-bottom: 1px solid #929292; padding: 18px 15px; word-wrap: break-word; } /* Footer */ /*#Footer { border-top: 1px solid #e1e1e1; }*/ #Footer .widget > h4 { font-size: 18px; font-weight: 300; margin-bottom: 20px; } #Footer .footer_copy { background: #465158; border-top: 0; } .before-footer {background: #f9f9f9;} #Footer .footer_copy .social { display: none; } /**/ .top-widgets-container {float:right} .top-widgets-container .widget {padding-bottom:0px; margin-bottom:0px; float:right;margin-top:0px;} .top-widgets-container .widget ul.menu{list-style:none; padding:0px;} .top-widgets-container .widget ul.menu li {float:left; padding:12px 0px;} .top-widgets-container .widget ul.menu li a{padding:0px 20px; border-right:1px solid #ccc; line-height:15px;} .top-widgets-container .widget ul.menu li:last-child a{border-right:0px;} .top-widgets-container .widget_search .icon-search-fine {font-size:24px; line-height:40px;} .top-widgets-container .widget_search input[type="text"] {width:82%; float:right; padding:5px 10px 5px 5px; border:0px; margin-top:7px; height:30px;min-height:30px;} #menu-top-navigation .cart a {padding:0px 20px; } #menu-top-navigation .cart a:before {font-family: "mfn-icons"; content:'\e82d'; float:left; padding-right:10px; font-size:26px; color:#fff; text-indent:0;} .mobilecart {display:none; width:30px; float:right; margin-top:11px;} .mobilecart a { padding:0px; border:0px;} .mobilecart a:before {font-family: "mfn-icons"; content:'\e82d'; float:left; left:15px; font-size:26px; color:#fff; text-indent:0;} @media only screen and (min-width:320px) and (max-width:767px) { .top-widgets-container .widget {float:none;} .top-widgets-container .widget.widget_nav_menu {max-width:245px; margin:0px auto; clear:both;} .top-widgets-container .widget ul.menu li a {padding:0px 15px;} #menu-top-navigation .cart.menu-item-2449 {display:none;} #menu-top-navigation .cart a {padding:0px 10px;} .widget_archive ul li:after, .widget_nav_menu ul li:after {display:none;} .widget:after {display:none;} .top-widgets-container {float:none; margin:0px auto;} .top-widgets-container .widget_search input[type="text"] {width:80%;} .mobilecart {display:block;} .top-widgets-container .widget_search {width:254px; overflow:hidden;padding-bottom:20px; margin:0px auto;} .top-widgets-container .widget_search .searchform{width:210px; float:left;} } .icon-100 .image_wrapper img {width:150px; height:150px;} .down-heading, .heading {padding-left:17px;} @media only screen and (min-width:320px) and (max-width:767px) { .down-heading, .heading {padding:0px; text-align:center;} } .ui-tabs .ui-tabs-nav li {border-width:0px;} .page-id-2602 .ui-tabs .ui-tabs-nav li a {padding:14px 28px !important;} .column_tabs .tabs_vertical.ui-tabs .ui-tabs-nav li {border:0px; padding:5px 0px;} .column_tabs .tabs_vertical.ui-tabs .ui-tabs-nav li a {background-image:none; font-size:100%; color:#2991d6; padding:5px 10px 5px 20px !important;} .column_tabs .tabs_vertical.ui-tabs .ui-tabs-nav li a:hover {text-decoration:underline;} .column_tabs .tabs_vertical.ui-tabs .ui-tabs-nav li.ui-tabs-active a {color:#000; border-left:3px solid #2991d6; border-radius:0px !important; padding:5px 10px 5px 17px !important;} .column_tabs .tabs_vertical.ui-tabs .ui-tabs-nav {width:23%; border:0px !important;} .column_tabs .tabs_vertical.ui-tabs .ui-tabs-panel {width:76.7%; border:0px !important; padding-top:5px;} @media only screen and (min-width:768px) and (max-width:1239px) { .column_tabs .tabs_vertical.ui-tabs .ui-tabs-nav li a {font-size:100%;} } @media only screen and (min-width:320px) and (max-width:767px) { .column_tabs .tabs_vertical.ui-tabs .ui-tabs-nav {width:100%;} .column_tabs .tabs_vertical.ui-tabs .ui-tabs-panel {width:100%; padding-top:15px;} .column_tabs .tabs_vertical.ui-tabs .ui-tabs-nav li a {-webkit-box-shadow:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;} } .ui-tabs .ui-tabs-nav li h3 {margin:0px; padding:0px;} .ui-tabs .ui-tabs-nav li h3 a { text-decoration: none; display: block; padding: 14px 30px !important; font-size: 100%; font-weight:initial; } .ui-tabs .ui-tabs-panel .icon_box {padding-bottom:2px;} .ui-tabs .ui-tabs-panel .column.one-fourth {width:25%;} .ui-tabs .ui-tabs-panel .column.one-second, .ui-tabs .ui-tabs-panel .column.one-fourth, .ui-tabs .ui-tabs-panel .column.one-third, .ui-tabs .ui-tabs-panel .column.two-third{margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px;} @media only screen and (min-width: 960px) and (max-width: 1239px) { .ui-tabs .ui-tabs-nav li h3 a {font-size:100%; padding:10px 20px !important;} } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 959px) { .ui-tabs .ui-tabs-nav li h3 a {font-size:100%; padding:5px 10px !important;} } /* Make Nav Subheadings unclickable */ .unclickable > a:hover { cursor: default;} .wp-caption-text { background: transparent; color: #075c97; font-size:90%;} .ls-wrapper h3 a {color: #075c97;} .column_sidebar_widget {float:none;} /*app notes*/ ul.clients.appnotes .client_wrapper {text-align:left; height:auto !important; line-height:auto !important; overflow:hidden;} ul.clients.appnotes li:nth-child(2n+1) {clear:both;} ul.clients.appnotes .client_wrapper img { position:relative; left:auto !important; top: auto !important; float:left; -webkit-transform: none!important; -moz-transform: none!important; transform: none!important; padding-right:20px; width:auto!important; } ul.clients.appnotes .client_wrapper h3 { line-height:20px; font-size:16px; letter-spacing:1px; padding-top:10px;} ul.clients.appnotes .client_wrapper a:hover {text-decoration:none;} @media only screen and (max-width: 640px) { ul.clients.appnotes li {width:100% !important; clear:both;} } .pager {padding-top:20px;} .pager .page-numbers {border:1px solid #ccc; padding:3px 5px;} .pager .prev.page-numbers, .pager .next.page-numbers {border:0px;} .alignleft {margin:3px 10px 10px 0px;} dl {clear:both;} .team.team_vertical img.scale-with-grid {width:100%;} .column_placeholder {margin-bottom:0px;} .icon-height img{max-height:50px;} .single .post-header {margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px;} .single .section-post-header .single-photo-wrapper.image {display:none;} .widget_mfn_menu ul li.menu-item-has-children > a::after {content: '\e868'; font-family: "mfn-icons"; right:2px; position:absolute; width:20px; height:15px; color:#ccc; } table th ul, table td ul {list-style-position:inside !important;} .sticky-white #Top_bar.is-sticky, .sticky-white #Top_bar.is-sticky #menu, #Top_bar.is-sticky {background:#fff; opacity:1;} /*Webinars latest posts*/ .parent-pageid-3663 .Latest_news ul li {margin-top:15px; margin-bottom:15px;} .parent-pageid-3663 .Latest_news ul li.has-post-thumbnail .desc {margin-left: 70px; width: 95%;} .parent-pageid-3663 .Latest_news ul li .photo {width:70px; border-right:0px; text-align:center; display:table;} .parent-pageid-3663 .Latest_news ul li .photo a {display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle;} .parent-pageid-3663 .Latest_news ul li .photo img {max-width:50px !important; vertical-align:middle;} .parent-pageid-3663 .Latest_news ul li .desc {border-left:3px solid #000; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle;} .parent-pageid-3663 .Latest_news ul li.category-webinars .desc h5 a{color:#007dc5;} .parent-pageid-3663 .Latest_news ul li .desc_footer .date {display:none;} .parent-pageid-3663 .Latest_news ul li .desc_footer .icon-comment-empty-fa {display:none} .parent-pageid-3663 .Latest_news ul li .desc_footer .post-comments {display:none;} .parent-pageid-3663 .Latest_news ul li .desc_footer .button-love {display:none;} .parent-pageid-3663 .Latest_news ul li .desc .post-excerpt {margin-top:0px;} .parent-pageid-3663 .Latest_news ul li .desc .post-excerpt p{margin-bottom:0px; line-height:20px;} /*Upcoming Live Webinars*/ .page-id-2653 .Latest_news ul li {margin-top:15px; margin-bottom:15px;} .page-id-2653 .Latest_news ul li.has-post-thumbnail .desc {margin-left: 70px; width: 95%;} .page-id-2653 .Latest_news ul li .photo {width:70px; border-right:0px; text-align:center; display:table;} .page-id-2653 .Latest_news ul li .photo a {display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle;} .page-id-2653 .Latest_news ul li .photo img {max-width:50px !important; vertical-align:middle;} .page-id-2653 .Latest_news ul li .desc {border-left:3px solid #000; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle;} .page-id-2653 .Latest_news ul li.category-webinars .desc h5 a{color:#007dc5;} .page-id-2653 .Latest_news ul li .desc_footer .date {display:none;} .page-id-2653 .Latest_news ul li .desc_footer .icon-comment-empty-fa {display:none} .page-id-2653 .Latest_news ul li .desc_footer .post-comments {display:none;} .page-id-2653 .Latest_news ul li .desc_footer .button-love {display:none;} .page-id-2653 .Latest_news ul li .desc .post-excerpt {margin-top:0px;} .page-id-2653 .Latest_news ul li .desc .post-excerpt p{margin-bottom:0px; line-height:20px;} /*Newsletter Archive*/ .page-id-3661 .Latest_news ul li {margin-top:15px; margin-bottom:15px;} .page-id-3661 .Latest_news ul li.has-post-thumbnail .desc {margin-left: 70px; width: 95%;} .page-id-3661 .Latest_news ul li .photo {width:70px; border-right:0px; text-align:center; display:table;} .page-id-3661 .Latest_news ul li .photo a {display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle;} .page-id-3661 .Latest_news ul li .photo img {max-width:50px !important; vertical-align:middle;} .page-id-3661 .Latest_news ul li .desc {border-left:3px solid #000; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle;} .page-id-3661 .Latest_news ul li.category-newsletter-archive .desc h5 a{color:#007dc5;} .page-id-3661 .Latest_news ul li .desc_footer .date {display:none;} .page-id-3661 .Latest_news ul li .desc_footer .icon-comment-empty-fa {display:none} .page-id-3661 .Latest_news ul li .desc_footer .post-comments {display:none;} .page-id-3661 .Latest_news ul li .desc_footer .button-love {display:none;} .page-id-3661 .Latest_news ul li .desc .post-excerpt {margin-top:0px;} .page-id-3661 .Latest_news ul li .desc .post-excerpt p{margin-bottom:0px; line-height:20px;} /*Ask the Expert*/ .page-id-5348 .Latest_news ul li {margin-top:15px; margin-bottom:15px;} .page-id-5348 .Latest_news ul li.has-post-thumbnail .desc {margin-left: 70px; width: 95%;} .page-id-5348 .Latest_news ul li .photo {width:70px; border-right:0px; text-align:center; display:table;} .page-id-5348 .Latest_news ul li .photo a {display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle;} .page-id-5348 .Latest_news ul li .photo img {max-width:50px !important; vertical-align:middle;} .page-id-5348 .Latest_news ul li .desc {border-left:3px solid #000; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle;} .page-id-5348 .Latest_news ul li .desc h5{margin-bottom:0px;} .page-id-5348 .Latest_news ul li.category-ask-the-expert .desc h5 a{color:#007dc5;} .page-id-5348 .Latest_news ul li .desc_footer {display:none;} .page-id-5348 .Latest_news ul li .desc_footer .date {display:none;} .page-id-5348 .Latest_news ul li .desc_footer .icon-comment-empty-fa {display:none} .page-id-5348 .Latest_news ul li .desc_footer .post-comments {display:none;} .page-id-5348 .Latest_news ul li .desc_footer .button-love {display:none;} .page-id-5348 .Latest_news ul li .desc .post-excerpt {margin-top:0px;} .page-id-5348 .Latest_news ul li .desc .post-excerpt p{margin-bottom:0px; font-weight:normal; line-height:20px;} /*accordion title as h3*/ .accordion .question .title h3 {margin-bottom:0px; } .accordion .question.active .title h3{color:#2991d6} /*column padding*/ .column, .columns {margin:0px 10px 40px;} .accordion .answer .one-second.column {width:47%;} .wrap .one-second.column {width:47%;} /*.column_column ul li {margin-bottom:2px;}*/ .single .post-header {margin-bottom:10px;} /* Appnote seach box*/ .widget_appnote_search_widget {clear:both; display:block; overflow:hidden;} .widget_appnote_search_widget .widget-title {display:inline-block; float:left; margin-right:15px; margin-top:5px;} .widget_appnote_search_widget .searchform {display:inline-block; float:left;} .widget_appnote_search_widget .searchform input[type=text] {float:left; margin:0px; min-width:350px; padding:7px 10px;} .widget_appnote_search_widget .searchform input[type=submit] {background:#0065a4; margin:0px; margin-left:15px; padding:8px 20px;} @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 650px) { .widget_appnote_search_widget .searchform input[type=text] {min-width:240px;} } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 519px) { .widget_appnote_search_widget .searchform input[type=submit] {margin:0px; margin-top:15px;} } /*flat box*/ .flat_box .photo_wrapper .icon {display:none;} .flat_box .photo_wrapper img.photo {transform: translateX(0px)} .flat_box .desc_wrapper {margin-left:0px;} /*center images at user profile*/ .page-id-2504 .image_frame .image_wrapper {text-align:center} .page-id-2504.if-overlay .image_frame:hover .image_wrapper img, .page-id-2504.if-overlay .image_frame.hover .image_wrapper img {transform: scale(1);} .if-overlay .image_frame .image_wrapper .image_links {display:none;} /* Changes for ClickDimensions submit button */ a.button_theme, a.tp-button.button_theme, button, input[type="submit"], input[type="reset"], input[type="button"] { background-color: #0065a4 !important; color: #ffffff !important; font-family: inherit !important; /*padding:0px;*/ } /*isotope wrapper*/ .blog_wrapper.isotope_wrapper .post-item .post-footer {background:none;} .blog_wrapper.isotope_wrapper .post-item .post-footer .post-links{border:0px;} .blog_wrapper.isotope_wrapper .grid .post-photo-wrapper {border:0px;} /* product page*/ .page-id-2582 .ui-tabs-panel .team.team_vertical .image_frame {border:0px;} .page-id-2582 .ui-tabs-panel .team.team_vertical hr.hr_color {background:none;} .page-id-2582.if-overlay .ui-tabs-panel .team.team_vertical .image_frame:hover .image_wrapper img, .page-id-2582.if-overlay .ui-tabs-panel .team.team_vertical .image_frame.hover .image_wrapper img {-webkit-transform: scale(1); -moz-transform: scale(1); -o-transform: scale(1); transform: scale(1); } .page-id-2582 .ui-tabs-panel .one-third.column:nth-child(4n-3) {margin-left:10px; margin-right:17px; } .page-id-2582 .ui-tabs-panel .one-third.column:nth-child(4n-2) {margin-left:18px; margin-right:17px; } .page-id-2582 .ui-tabs-panel .one-third.column:nth-child(4n-1) {margin-left:18px; margin-right:10px; } .page-id-2582 .ui-tabs-panel .one-second.column:nth-child(odd) {margin-left:65px; margin-right:52px; } .page-id-2582 .ui-tabs-panel .one-second.column:nth-child(even) {margin-left:53px; margin-right:65px; } @media only screen and (min-width: 1301px) { .page-id-2582 .ui-tabs-panel .one-third.column {width:30.9%;} .page-id-2582 .ui-tabs-panel .one-second.column {width:40.2%;} } @media only screen and (min-width: 1240px) and (max-width: 1300px) { .page-id-2582 .ui-tabs-panel .one-third.column {width:30.7%;} .page-id-2582 .ui-tabs-panel .one-second.column {width:47.6%;} } @media only screen and (min-width: 960px) and (max-width: 1239px) { .page-id-2582 .ui-tabs-panel .one-third.column {width:29.9%;} .page-id-2582 .ui-tabs-panel .one-second.column {width:36.6%;} } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 959px) { .page-id-2582 .ui-tabs-panel .one-third.column {width:28.7%;} .page-id-2582 .ui-tabs-panel .one-second.column {width:38.9%;} } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 767px) { .page-id-2582 .ui-tabs-panel .one-third.column {margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px;} .page-id-2582 .ui-tabs-panel .one-second.column:nth-child(even), .page-id-2582 .ui-tabs-panel .one-second.column:nth-child(odd) {margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px;} } .uk-margin-small-right {vertical-align:middle; margin-top:-2px;} .page-id-2647 .ui-tabs .ui-tabs-panel .column.one-second {margin-bottom:0px;} .page-id-3641 .blog_wrapper .classic .post-photo-wrapper {border-color:transparent;} @media only screen and (min-width: 960px) { .page-id-3641 .blog_wrapper .classic .post-photo-wrapper {width:12%;} .page-id-3641 .blog_wrapper .classic .post-desc-wrapper {width:88%;} } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 959px) { .page-id-3641 .blog_wrapper .classic .post-photo-wrapper { width:25%} .page-id-3641 .blog_wrapper .classic .post-desc-wrapper {width:75%;} } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { .page-id-2640 .column.column_pricing_item {margin:0px 1% 40px;} } /* contact form 7 submit button*/ .wpcf7-form-control.wpcf7-submit {padding:10px 30px;} .wpcf7 .red {color:#990000;} .wpcf7 span.wpcf7-list-item {display:block; margin:0px;} .wpcf7 label {font-weight:400;} #lostusername {border:1px solid #ddd; padding:30px 20px 0px;} #lostusername .input {width:100%;} #lostusername .button {padding:10px 20px;} .ur-frontend-form button[type="submit"], .ur-frontend-form input[type="submit"] {float:none;} .page-id-2690.if-overlay .image_frame:hover .image_wrapper img, .page-id-2690.if-overlay .image_frame.hover .image_wrapper img {transform: scale(1);} .page-id-2690 .team .desc_wrapper hr {display:none;} .page-id-2690 .ui-tabs .ui-tabs-panel .column.one-second, .page-id-2690 .ui-tabs .ui-tabs-panel .column.one-fourth, .page-id-2690 .ui-tabs .ui-tabs-panel .column.one-third, .page-id-2690 .ui-tabs .ui-tabs-panel .column.two-third {margin-left:10px; margin-right:10px;} .page-id-2690 .ui-tabs .ui-tabs-panel .column.one-fourth {width:23.4%;} /* webinars seach box*/ .widget_webinars_search_widget {clear:both; display:block; overflow:hidden;} .widget_webinars_search_widget .widget-title {display:inline-block; float:left; margin-right:15px; margin-top:5px;} .widget_webinars_search_widget .searchform {display:inline-block; float:left;} .widget_webinars_search_widget .searchform input[type=text] {float:left; margin:0px; min-width:350px; padding:7px 10px;} .widget_webinars_search_widget .searchform input[type=submit] {background:#0065a4; margin:0px; margin-left:15px; padding:8px 20px;} @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 650px) { .widget_webinars_search_widget .searchform input[type=text] {min-width:240px;} } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 519px) { .widget_webinars_search_widget .searchform input[type=submit] {margin:0px; margin-top:15px;} } /*Recent Webinars nav issue fix*/ .page-id-3665 li#menu-item-2421.current-menu-ancestor:not(.hover) a {color:#000000;} .page-id-3665 li#menu-item-2421.current-menu-ancestor:not(.hover) a:after {display:none;} /*login-in nav issue fix*/ .page-id-5451 li#menu-item-2390.current-menu-ancestor:not(.hover) a {color:#000000;} .page-id-5451 li#menu-item-2390.current-menu-ancestor:not(.hover) a:after {display:none;} /* Contact Customer Support nav issue fix*/ .page-id-9343 li#menu-item-2390.current-menu-ancestor:not(.hover) a {color:#000000;} .page-id-9343 li#menu-item-2390.current-menu-ancestor:not(.hover) a:after {display:none;} /* custom seach box*/ .search #Content .searchform {display:inline-block; float:left;} .search #Content .searchform h4{clear:both; padding:10px 0px; margin:0px;} .search #Content .searchform input[type=text] {float:left; margin:0px; min-width:350px; padding:7px 10px;} .search #Content .searchform select {-webkit-appearance:menulist; padding:7px 10px;} .search #Content .searchform input[type=submit] {background:#0065a4; margin:0px; margin-left:15px; padding:8px 20px;} @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 650px) { .search #Content .searchform input[type=text] {min-width:240px;} } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 519px) { .search #Content .searchform input[type=submit] {margin:0px; margin-top:15px;} } .wpcf7-form .anr_captcha_field {position:absolute;} /*newsletter archive tables remove border*/ .post.category-newsletter-archive .post-wrapper-content table td {box-shadow:none; border:0px;} .be-ix-link-block {max-width:750px; text-align:center; margin:0px auto; padding-top:20px;} #Footer .widgets_wrapper .column {margin:0px 9px 0px;} @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 959px) { #Footer .widgets_wrapper .column {margin:0px 5px 0px;} } /*Login page popup */ .page-id-5451.logged-in #pum-8728 {display:none !important;} #cookie-law-info-bar a {color:#fff; text-decoration:underline;} #cookie-law-info-bar a:hover {text-decoration:none;} #cookie-law-info-bar .cli-plugin-button {text-decoration:none;} @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 767px) { #cookie-law-info-again{display:none !important;} } /*After Multi Language SETUP*/ #Action_bar .column {overflow:visible;} .top-widgets-container .widget_search input[type="text"] {margin-top:5px;} .widget.widget_nav_menu::after, .widget.widget_icl_lang_sel_widget::after, .widget_archive ul li:after, .widget_nav_menu ul li:after {display:none;} .wpml-ls-legacy-dropdown-click {margin-top:6px; } .wpml-ls-legacy-dropdown-click a, .wpml-ls-legacy-dropdown-click a:hover, .wpml-ls-legacy-dropdown-click a:focus, .wpml-ls-legacy-dropdown-click .wpml-ls-current-language:hover>a {color:#626262 !important; border:0px;text-decoration:none;} .wpml-ls-legacy-dropdown-click .wpml-ls-sub-menu {z-index:999;} .top-widgets-container h2.title {display:none;} @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 767px) { .wpml-ls-legacy-dropdown-click {margin:6px auto 0px; } .top-widgets-container .widget_search {clear:both;} } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 959px) { .wpml-ls-legacy-dropdown-click {width:auto;} } #menu-top-navigation-ch .cart a {padding:0px 20px; } #menu-top-navigation-ch .cart a:before {font-family: "mfn-icons"; content:'\e82d'; float:left; padding-right:10px; font-size:26px; color:#fff; text-indent:0;} @media only screen and (min-width:320px) and (max-width:767px) { #menu-top-navigation-ch .cart.menu-item-2449 {display:none;} #menu-top-navigation-ch .cart a {padding:0px 10px;} } @media only screen and (min-width: 1240px) { .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li#menu-item-13087 a span {background:#007dc5; color:#fff; border-radius:10px; line-height:40px; margin-top:8px; margin-left:20px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li#menu-item-13087 a:after {display:none;} #Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li#menu-item-13087 > a, #Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li#menu-item-13087 > a span {line-height:30px; margin-top:0px;} } .post-9911 .wpcf7 span.wpcf7-list-item{width: 260px;display: inline-block;} .post-9911 span.wpcf7-form-control-wrap{margin-bottom:20px;} .post-9911 .wpcf7-list-item-label{color:#000000;} .post-9911 .unique .one-third.column{width:30.333% !important;} .post-9911 .unique .required{color: #ff0000; font-size: 13px; padding: 0 5px 0 5px;} .post-9911 .wrap .one-second.column{width:32%;} .post-9911 .wpcf7 hr.small {color:#000000;background-color:#000000;height:1px; max-width: 440px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left:0px;margin-top:25px;} .post-9911 .wpcf7 hr.large{color:#000000;background-color:#000000;height:1px; max-width: 760px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left:0px;margin-top:25px;} .post-9911 .wpcf7 p strong{font-weight:normal; font-size:18px; color:#1F497D;} @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 959px) { .post-9911 .wpcf7 span.wpcf7-list-item{width: 100%;} .post-9911 .unique .one-third.column{width:100% !important;} .post-9911 .wrap .one-second.column{width:100%;} .post-9911 span.wpcf7-form-control-wrap {margin-bottom:0px;} } /*remove meta from search-results*/ .search.search-results .post-item .post-meta {display:none;} .search.search-results .post-item .post-desc {padding-left:0px;} /*footer update*/ /*#Footer .widgets_wrapper {padding-bottom:10px;} #Footer .widgets_wrapper .column {margin-bottom:10px;} #Footer #custom_html-4 > h4 {text-align:center;} #Footer #custom_html-14 > h4 {text-align:center;} #Footer #custom_html-9 {max-width:160px; margin:0px auto; clear:both; padding-top:25px;} .footer-resources {max-width:80%; margin:0px auto; } .footer-resources li {float:left; line-height:28px;} .footer-resources li:nth-child(1), .footer-resources li:nth-child(6){width:12%; clear:both;} .footer-resources li:nth-child(2), .footer-resources li:nth-child(7){width:28%;} html[lang="zh-hans"] .footer-resources li:nth-child(1), html[lang="zh-hans"] .footer-resources li:nth-child(6){width:15%; clear:both;} html[lang="zh-hans"] .footer-resources li:nth-child(2), html[lang="zh-hans"] .footer-resources li:nth-child(7){width:25%;} .footer-resources li:nth-child(3), .footer-resources li:nth-child(8){width:17%;} .footer-resources li:nth-child(4), .footer-resources li:nth-child(9){width:18%;} .footer-resources li:nth-child(5), .footer-resources li:nth-child(10){width:25%;} @media only screen and (min-width:320px) and (max-width:1239px) { .footer-resources {max-width:60%; } .footer-resources li:nth-child(1), .footer-resources li:nth-child(6){width:50%; clear:none;} .footer-resources li:nth-child(2), .footer-resources li:nth-child(7){width:50%;} .footer-resources li:nth-child(3), .footer-resources li:nth-child(8){width:50%;} .footer-resources li:nth-child(4), .footer-resources li:nth-child(9){width:50%;} .footer-resources li:nth-child(5), .footer-resources li:nth-child(10){width:50%;} } @media only screen and (min-width:320px) and (max-width:767px) { .footer-resources {max-width:100%; } #Footer #custom_html-4 > h4 {text-align:left;} #Footer #custom_html-14 > h4 {text-align:left;} #Footer #custom_html-9 {max-width:100%;} } */ .tabs_vertical.ui-tabs .ui-tabs-nav li a.button, .tabs_vertical.ui-tabs .ui-tabs-nav li.ui-tabs-active a.button, .tabs_vertical.ui-tabs .ui-tabs-nav li a.button:hover, .tabs_vertical.ui-tabs .ui-tabs-nav li.ui-tabs-active a.button:hover { background: #007dc5; color: #fff; border-radius: 10px !important; text-align: center; margin-left: 20px; margin-top: 20px; display:inline-block; text-decoration: none; padding: 0px 20px !important; border:0px; text-transform: uppercase; line-height:30px; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400;letter-spacing: 1px;} @media only screen and (min-width:320px) and (max-width:767px) { .tabs_vertical.ui-tabs .ui-tabs-nav li h3, .tabs_vertical.ui-tabs .ui-tabs-nav li.ui-tabs-active h3 {text-align:center;} .tabs_vertical.ui-tabs .ui-tabs-nav li a.button, .tabs_vertical.ui-tabs .ui-tabs-nav li.ui-tabs-active a.button, .tabs_vertical.ui-tabs .ui-tabs-nav li a.button:hover, .tabs_vertical.ui-tabs .ui-tabs-nav li.ui-tabs-active a.button:hover {margin:20px auto;} } /*Webinars latest posts zh-hans*/ .parent-pageid-11725 .Latest_news ul li {margin-top:15px; margin-bottom:15px;} .parent-pageid-11725 .Latest_news ul li.has-post-thumbnail .desc {margin-left: 70px; width: 95%;} .parent-pageid-11725 .Latest_news ul li .photo {width:70px; border-right:0px; text-align:center; display:table;} .parent-pageid-11725 .Latest_news ul li .photo a {display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle;} .parent-pageid-11725 .Latest_news ul li .photo img {max-width:50px !important; vertical-align:middle;} .parent-pageid-11725 .Latest_news ul li .desc {border-left:3px solid #000; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle;} .parent-pageid-11725 .Latest_news ul li.category-webinars-zh-hans .desc h5 a{color:#007dc5;} .parent-pageid-11725 .Latest_news ul li .desc_footer .date {display:none;} .parent-pageid-11725 .Latest_news ul li .desc_footer .icon-comment-empty-fa {display:none} .parent-pageid-11725 .Latest_news ul li .desc_footer .post-comments {display:none;} .parent-pageid-11725 .Latest_news ul li .desc_footer .button-love {display:none;} .parent-pageid-11725 .Latest_news ul li .desc .post-excerpt {margin-top:0px;} .parent-pageid-11725 .Latest_news ul li .desc .post-excerpt p{margin-bottom:0px; line-height:20px;} /*Upcoming Live Webinars zh-hans*/ .page-id-11764 .Latest_news ul li {margin-top:15px; margin-bottom:15px;} .page-id-11764 .Latest_news ul li.has-post-thumbnail .desc {margin-left: 70px; width: 95%;} .page-id-11764 .Latest_news ul li .photo {width:70px; border-right:0px; text-align:center; display:table;} .page-id-11764 .Latest_news ul li .photo a {display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle;} .page-id-11764 .Latest_news ul li .photo img {max-width:50px !important; vertical-align:middle;} .page-id-11764 .Latest_news ul li .desc {border-left:3px solid #000; padding-top:0px; padding-bottom:0px; display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle;} .page-id-11764 .Latest_news ul li.category-webinars-zh-hans .desc h5 a{color:#007dc5;} .page-id-11764 .Latest_news ul li .desc_footer .date {display:none;} .page-id-11764 .Latest_news ul li .desc_footer .icon-comment-empty-fa {display:none} .page-id-11764 .Latest_news ul li .desc_footer .post-comments {display:none;} .page-id-11764 .Latest_news ul li .desc_footer .button-love {display:none;} .page-id-11764 .Latest_news ul li .desc .post-excerpt {margin-top:0px;} .page-id-11764 .Latest_news ul li .desc .post-excerpt p{margin-bottom:0px; line-height:20px;} /*Request Product Quote zh-hans*/ .page-id-12227 .wpcf7 span.wpcf7-list-item{width: 260px;display: inline-block;} .page-id-12227 span.wpcf7-form-control-wrap{margin-bottom:20px;} .page-id-12227 .wpcf7-list-item-label{color:#000000;} .page-id-12227 .unique .one-third.column{width:29% !important;} .page-id-12227 .unique .required{color: #ff0000; font-size: 13px; padding: 0 5px 0 5px;} .page-id-12227 .wrap .one-second.column{width:32%;} .page-id-12227 .wpcf7 hr.small {color:#000000;background-color:#000000;height:1px; max-width: 440px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left:0px;margin-top:25px;} .page-id-12227 .wpcf7 hr.large{color:#000000;background-color:#000000;height:1px; max-width: 760px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left:0px;margin-top:25px;} .page-id-12227 .wpcf7 p strong{font-weight:normal; font-size:18px; color:#1F497D;} @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 959px) { .page-id-12227 .wpcf7 span.wpcf7-list-item{width: 100%;} .page-id-12227 .unique .one-third.column{width:100% !important;} .page-id-12227 .wrap .one-second.column{width:100%;} .page-id-12227 span.wpcf7-form-control-wrap {margin-bottom:0px;} } /*Request Product Info zh-hans*/ .page-id-12612 .wpcf7 span.wpcf7-list-item{width: 260px;display: inline-block;} .page-id-12612 span.wpcf7-form-control-wrap{margin-bottom:20px;} .page-id-12612 .wpcf7-list-item-label{color:#000000;} .page-id-12612 .unique .one-third.column{width:29% !important;} .page-id-12612 .unique .required{color: #ff0000; font-size: 13px; padding: 0 5px 0 5px;} .page-id-12612 .wrap .one-second.column{width:32%;} .page-id-12612 .wpcf7 hr.small {color:#000000;background-color:#000000;height:1px; max-width: 440px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left:0px;margin-top:25px;} .page-id-12612 .wpcf7 hr.large{color:#000000;background-color:#000000;height:1px; max-width: 760px;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left:0px;margin-top:25px;} .page-id-12612 .wpcf7 p strong{font-weight:normal; font-size:18px; color:#1F497D;} @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 959px) { .page-id-12612 .wpcf7 span.wpcf7-list-item{width: 100%;} .page-id-12612 .unique .one-third.column{width:100% !important;} .page-id-12612 .wrap .one-second.column{width:100%;} .page-id-12612 span.wpcf7-form-control-wrap {margin-bottom:0px;} } /*Team in zh-hans*/ .page-id-12002.if-overlay .image_frame:hover .image_wrapper img, .page-id-12002.if-overlay .image_frame.hover .image_wrapper img {transform: scale(1);} .page-id-12002 .team .desc_wrapper hr {display:none;} .page-id-12002 .ui-tabs .ui-tabs-panel .column.one-second, .page-id-12002 .ui-tabs .ui-tabs-panel .column.one-fourth, .page-id-12002 .ui-tabs .ui-tabs-panel .column.one-third, .page-id-12002 .ui-tabs .ui-tabs-panel .column.two-third {margin-left:10px; margin-right:10px;} .page-id-12002 .ui-tabs .ui-tabs-panel .column.one-fourth {width:23.4%;} /* product page in zh-hans*/ .page-id-12156 .ui-tabs-panel .team.team_vertical .image_frame {border:0px;} .page-id-12156 .ui-tabs-panel .team.team_vertical hr.hr_color {background:none;} .page-id-12156.if-overlay .ui-tabs-panel .team.team_vertical .image_frame:hover .image_wrapper img, .page-id-12156.if-overlay .ui-tabs-panel .team.team_vertical .image_frame.hover .image_wrapper img {-webkit-transform: scale(1); -moz-transform: scale(1); -o-transform: scale(1); transform: scale(1); } .page-id-12156 .ui-tabs-panel .one-third.column:nth-child(4n-3) {margin-left:10px; margin-right:17px; } .page-id-12156 .ui-tabs-panel .one-third.column:nth-child(4n-2) {margin-left:18px; margin-right:17px; } .page-id-12156 .ui-tabs-panel .one-third.column:nth-child(4n-1) {margin-left:18px; margin-right:10px; } .page-id-12156 .ui-tabs-panel .one-second.column:nth-child(odd) {margin-left:65px; margin-right:52px; } .page-id-12156 .ui-tabs-panel .one-second.column:nth-child(even) {margin-left:53px; margin-right:65px; } @media only screen and (min-width: 1301px) { .page-id-12156 .ui-tabs-panel .one-third.column {width:30.9%;} .page-id-12156 .ui-tabs-panel .one-second.column {width:40.2%;} } @media only screen and (min-width: 1240px) and (max-width: 1300px) { .page-id-12156 .ui-tabs-panel .one-third.column {width:30.7%;} .page-id-12156 .ui-tabs-panel .one-second.column {width:47.6%;} } @media only screen and (min-width: 960px) and (max-width: 1239px) { .page-id-12156 .ui-tabs-panel .one-third.column {width:29.9%;} .page-id-12156 .ui-tabs-panel .one-second.column {width:36.6%;} } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 959px) { .page-id-12156 .ui-tabs-panel .one-third.column {width:28.7%;} .page-id-12156 .ui-tabs-panel .one-second.column {width:38.9%;} } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 767px) { .page-id-12156 .ui-tabs-panel .one-third.column {margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px;} .page-id-12156 .ui-tabs-panel .one-second.column:nth-child(even), .page-id-12156 .ui-tabs-panel .one-second.column:nth-child(odd) {margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px;} } /*Recent Webinars nav issue fix for zh-hans*/ .page-id-11728 li#menu-item-13052.current-menu-ancestor:not(.hover) a {color:#000000;} .page-id-11728 li#menu-item-13052.current-menu-ancestor:not(.hover) a:after {display:none;} .large h3{font-size:22px; line-height:30px;} .small {margin-left:25px;} sup {display:inline-block; margin-top:-4px;} sub {display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-4px;} sup, sub {display:inline-table;} .ui-tabs-panel .one-second.column {width:50%;} .parent-pageid-2582 .ui-tabs-panel td {text-align:left !important;} .ls-borderlessdark3d .ls-shadow { display: none !important;} #menu-top-navigation-de .cart a {padding:0px 20px;} #menu-top-navigation-de .cart a:before {font-family: "mfn-icons"; content:'\e82d'; float:left; padding-right:15px; font-size:26px; color:#fff; text-indent:0;} @media only screen and (min-width:320px) and (max-width:767px) { #menu-top-navigation-de .cart.menu-item-14543{display:none;} #menu-top-navigation-de .cart a {padding:0px 10px;} } @media only screen and (min-width: 1240px) { .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li#menu-item-15087 a span {background:#007dc5; color:#fff; border-radius:10px; line-height:40px; margin-top:8px; margin-left:20px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li#menu-item-15087 a:after {display:none;} #Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li#menu-item-15087 > a, #Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li#menu-item-15087 > a span {line-height:30px; margin-top:0px;} } @media only screen and (min-width: 1240px) { .mm-vertical #Top_bar li#menu-item-12984 a {color:#000 !important; padding-top:20px !important;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar li#menu-item-14978 a {color:#000 !important; padding-top:20px !important;} } #Footer #custom_html-15 > h4 {text-align:center;} /* product page German */ .page-id-14845 .ui-tabs-panel .team.team_vertical .image_frame {border:0px;} .page-id-14845 .ui-tabs-panel .team.team_vertical hr.hr_color {background:none;} .page-id-14845.if-overlay .ui-tabs-panel .team.team_vertical .image_frame:hover .image_wrapper img, .page-id-14295.if-overlay .ui-tabs-panel .team.team_vertical .image_frame.hover .image_wrapper img {-webkit-transform: scale(1); -moz-transform: scale(1); -o-transform: scale(1); transform: scale(1); } .page-id-14845 .ui-tabs-panel .one-third.column:nth-child(4n-3) {margin-left:10px; margin-right:17px; } .page-id-14845 .ui-tabs-panel .one-third.column:nth-child(4n-2) {margin-left:18px; margin-right:17px; } .page-id-14845 .ui-tabs-panel .one-third.column:nth-child(4n-1) {margin-left:18px; margin-right:10px; } .page-id-14845 .ui-tabs-panel .one-second.column:nth-child(odd) {margin-left:65px; margin-right:52px; } .page-id-14845 .ui-tabs-panel .one-second.column:nth-child(even) {margin-left:53px; margin-right:65px; } @media only screen and (min-width: 1301px) { .page-id-14845 .ui-tabs-panel .one-third.column {width:30.9%;} .page-id-14845 .ui-tabs-panel .one-second.column {width:40.2%;} } @media only screen and (min-width: 1240px) and (max-width: 1300px) { .page-id-14845 .ui-tabs-panel .one-third.column {width:30.7%;} .page-id-14845 .ui-tabs-panel .one-second.column {width:47.6%;} } @media only screen and (min-width: 960px) and (max-width: 1239px) { .page-id-14845 .ui-tabs-panel .one-third.column {width:29.9%;} .page-id-14845 .ui-tabs-panel .one-second.column {width:36.6%;} } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 959px) { .page-id-14845 .ui-tabs-panel .one-third.column {width:28.7%;} .page-id-14845 .ui-tabs-panel .one-second.column {width:38.9%;} } @media only screen and (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 767px) { .page-id-14845 .ui-tabs-panel .one-third.column {margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px;} .page-id-14845 .ui-tabs-panel .one-second.column:nth-child(even), .page-id-14845 .ui-tabs-panel .one-second.column:nth-child(odd) {margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px;} } .parent-pageid-14845 .ui-tabs-panel td {text-align:left !important;} .button_align.align_left .button {text-align:left; padding:10px 0;} .button_align.align_left .as_tab {font-size: 18px; line-height: 20px; font-weight: 400; background:#fff; letter-spacing: 0px; color: #2991d6 !important; padding: 5px 10px 5px 20px;margin:0; } .button_align.align_left .button.as_tab:hover {text-decoration:underline !important; background-color:#fff!important;} .button_align.align_left .button.as_tab:after {display:none;} .button_align.align_left .button.as_tab.active {color: #000; border-left: 3px solid #2991d6; border-radius: 0px !important; padding: 5px 10px 5px 17px !important;} .button_align.align_left .button.as_tab .button_label {margin:0!important;} .button_align.align_left .button.as_tab_btn { background: #007dc5; color: #fff; border-radius: 10px !important; text-align: center; margin-left: 20px; margin-top: 20px; display: inline-block; text-decoration: none; padding: 0px 20px !important; border: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; line-height: 30px; font-size: 15px; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 1px; } /*Japan language*/ #Footer #custom_html-22 > h4 { text-align: center; } #menu-top-navigation-ja .cart a {padding:0px 20px;} #menu-top-navigation-ja .cart a:before {font-family: "mfn-icons"; content:'\e82d'; float:left; padding-right:15px; font-size:26px; color:#fff; text-indent:0;} @media only screen and (min-width:320px) and (max-width:767px) { #menu-top-navigation-ja .cart.menu-item-2449 {display:none;} #menu-top-navigation-ja .cart a {padding:0px 10px;} } .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li#menu-item-18403 a span {background:#007dc5; color:#fff; border-radius:10px; line-height:40px; margin-top:8px; margin-left:20px;} .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li#menu-item-18403 a:after {display:none;} #Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li#menu-item-18403 > a, #Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li#menu-item-18403 > a span {line-height:30px; margin-top:0px;} @media only screen and (min-width: 1240px) { #Top_bar #menu-german-main-menu > li > a span:not(.description) { padding: 0 3px; font-size:14px; } } body, ul.timeline_items, .icon_box a .desc, .icon_box a:hover .desc, .feature_list ul li a, .list_item a, .list_item a:hover, .widget_recent_entries ul li a, .flat_box a, .flat_box a:hover, .story_box .desc, .content_slider.carousel ul li a .title, .content_slider.flat.description ul li .desc, .content_slider.flat.description ul li a .desc, .post-nav.minimal a i { color: #333333 !important; } .column_column ul, .column_column ol, .the_content_wrapper:not(.is-elementor) ul, .the_content_wrapper:not(.is-elementor) ol { color: #333333 !important; } .hero { margin-top: 20px; } .bg-hero { background: radial-gradient(circle at 100% 0,#ebf1f2 0% 30%,#0e81a7 100%); } .hero-full { min-height: 450px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); } .column, .columns { margin: 0px 8px 40px; } .image-container { position: relative; display: inline-block; /* oder 'block' je nach Layout */ } .ribbon { position: absolute; top: 10px; /* Abstand von oben */ left: -20px; /* Verschiebung nach links, um das Ribbon schräg zu positionieren */ background-color: #FF5733; /* Farbe des Ribbons */ color: white; /* Textfarbe */ padding: 5px 15px; /* Innenabstand */ transform: rotate(-0deg); /* Dreht das Ribbon */ transform-origin: 0 0; /* Setzt den Drehpunkt */ font-size: 14px; /* Schriftgröße */ box-shadow: 2px 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); /* Schatten für 3D-Effekt */ z-index: 10; /* Stellt sicher, dass das Ribbon über dem Bild liegt */ } .event-badge { position: relative; margin-right: 10px; border-radius: 6px; top: 0px; /* Abstand von oben */ left: 0px; /* Verschiebung nach links, um das Ribbon schräg zu positionieren */ background-color: #007dc5; /* Farbe des Ribbons */ color: white; /* Textfarbe */ padding: 2px 8px; /* Innenabstand */ font-size: 10px; /* Schriftgröße */ box-shadow: 1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); /* Schatten für 3D-Effekt */ z-index: 10; /* Stellt sicher, dass das Ribbon über dem Bild liegt */ } .btn-default { background: #007dc5; color: #fff; border-radius: 6px; line-height: 40px; margin-top: 8px; margin-left: 20px; padding: 0px 10px; } .wpcf7 form.sent .wpcf7-response-output { color: #ffffff; background-color: #46b450; } .jumpto { padding-top: 100px; /* Adjust this value to match your header's height */ margin-top: -100px; /* This should be the same value as padding-top but negative */ } .post-item { margin-bottom: 40px; position: relative; float: left; width: 100%; border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 20px; background-color: #f8f8f8; } .post-links { background-color: #007dc5; border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 5px 20px; } #field_1_18, #field_1_113, #field_1_20, #field_1_21, #field_1_22, #field_1_23, #field_1_24, #field_1_25, #field_1_26, #field_1_27, #field_1_49, #field_1_51, #field_1_52, #field_1_53, #field_1_54, #field_1_56, #field_1_57, #field_1_58, #field_1_59, #field_1_60, #field_1_62, #field_1_63, #field_1_64, #field_1_65, #field_1_67, #field_1_68, #field_1_70, #field_1_72, #field_1_98, #field_1_99, #field_1_100, #field_1_101, #field_1_102, #field_1_103, #field_1_104, #field_1_107, #field_1_108, #field_1_122, #field_1_123, #field_1_124, #field_1_125, #field_1_126, #field_1_127, #field_1_128, #field_1_136 { background-color: #E8E8E8; padding: 20px 30px; border: 1px solid #C4C4C4; border-bottom: 1px solid #C4C4C4; margin-top: -20px; } #field_1_73, #field_1_74, #field_1_75, #field_1_76, #field_1_77, #field_1_78, #field_1_82, #field_1_83, #field_1_84, #field_1_85, #field_1_86, #field_1_92, #field_1_93, #field_1_94, #field_1_95, #field_1_129, #field_1_132, #field_1_133, #field_1_134, #field_1_135 { background-color: #F8F8F8; padding: 20px 50px; border-bottom: 1px solid #C4C4C4; border-right: 1px solid #C4C4C4; border-left: 1px solid #C4C4C4; margin-top: -40px; } #field_1_114, #field_1_115, #field_1_116, #field_1_117, #field_1_118, #field_1_119, #field_1_120, #field_1_121, #field_1_130 { background-color: #8ed1fc; padding: 20px 50px; border-bottom: 1px solid #C4C4C4; border-right: 1px solid #C4C4C4; border-left: 1px solid #C4C4C4; margin-top: -40px; } .gfield_label { font-weight: 800 !important; font-size: 16px !important; } .post-more, .post-more:hover, .icon-doc-text { color: #ffffff; } .icon_box.has_border { background: #fff; border: 0px solid #e1e1e1 !important; padding: 40px 10%; padding-bottom: 40px; } #Footer .widget > h4 { font-size: 18px; font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 20px; } /* new css */ .mcb-column-inner { margin: 0px; overflow:visible;} .one-sixth.column { width: 14.666%; } /* 1/6 */ .one-fifth.column { width: 18%; } /* 1/5 */ .one-fourth.column, .four.columns { width: 23%; } /* 1/4 */ .one-third.column { width: 31.333%; } /* 1/3 */ .two-fifth.column { width: 38%; } /* 2/5 */ .one-second.column { width: 48%; } /* 1/2 */ .three-fifth.column { width: 58%; } /* 3/5 */ .two-third.column { width: 64.666%; } /* 2/3 */ .three-fourth.column { width: 73%; } /* 3/4 */ .four-fifth.column { width: 78%; } /* 4/5 */ .five-sixth.column { width: 81.333%; } /* 5/6 */ .one.column { width: 98%; } /* 1/1 */ .wpcf7-form .column { margin-bottom: 10px;} .wpcf7-form .column { padding: 0px;} .wpcf7-form .column p{ margin: 0px;} .column-margin-0px.column { margin-bottom: 0 !important;} .column-margin-10px.column { margin-bottom: 0px !important;} .column-margin-20px.column { margin-bottom: 0px !important;} .page-pager, .post-pager { margin-bottom: 0!important;} .column.column_divider { margin-bottom: 0!important; height: auto!important;} #Header .container {padding-left:0; padding-right:0;} .accordion .question > .title > .acc-icon-plus, .accordion .question.active > .title > .acc-icon-minus { display: block;} .accordion .question > .title > .acc-icon-plus, .accordion .question .title > .acc-icon-minus {left:15px; top:16px;} .mcb-wrap-inner {display:block;} @media only screen and (max-width: 767px) { .section_wrapper .mcb-wrap, .section_wrapper .column, .container .column { width:100%!important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { .be-ix-link-block .be-related-link-container .be-label {flex:0 0 17%;} .be-ix-link-block .be-related-link-container .be-list {flex:0 0 83%;} } ul.clients.appnotes .client_wrapper a, ul.clients.appnotes .client_wrapper .gs-wrapper { justify-content:left; } /*Top bar search*/ #Action_bar #global-searchfield-container .addsearch-searchfield input[type=search].icon {margin-bottom:0px; margin-top:4px; padding:5px 5px 5px 40px!important; height:30px;} #Action_bar #global-searchfield-container .addsearch-searchfield button {display:none;} #Action_bar .adds-components {padding:0px;} /*Top Shadow */ .header-classic #Top_bar { border-bottom: 0px solid #e1e1e1; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 0px 1.95px 2.6px; margin-bottom: 1px; } .sticky-submenu { position: -webkit-sticky; /* Für Safari */ position: sticky; top: 80px; z-index: 9999; /*background-color: #fff;*/ padding: 10px; /*border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;*/ text-align: center; } .sticky-submenu ul { list-style-type: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .sticky-submenu ul li { display: inline; margin: 0 15px; } .sticky-submenu ul li a { text-decoration: none; /*color: #000;*/ color:#fff; padding: 5px; transition: border-bottom 0.3s; } .sticky-submenu ul li a.active, .sticky-submenu ul li a:hover { /*border-bottom: 2px solid #000;*/ border-bottom: 2px solid #fff; } .page-section { padding: 50px; margin-top: 50px; } .anchor-offset { display: block; position: relative; top: -60px; /* Höhe des sticky-submenu */ } .copyright a {padding:0px 7px;} .before-footer h4 {font-size:18px;} .before-footer .button {border-radius:4px;} .footer-button { padding: 10px 5px; border-radius: 5px; text-align: center; display: inline-block; width: 180px; border:1px solid #fff !important;} #Footer .widget_nav_menu ul { list-style-type: none; padding: 0px; background: none;} #Footer .widget_nav_menu ul a{padding:0px;} #Footer .widget_nav_menu {margin:20px 0px;} #Footer .one-fifth {width:16%;} #Footer .one-fifth:first-child {width:27%;} .social .icon_bar, .social .icon_bar span {width:auto !important; height:auto!important; line-height:0px!important; background-color:transparent; border:0px !important; color:#fff; font-size:24px; -webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;} .social a:hover.icon_bar span { -webkit-transform: translateY(0%); -moz-transform: translateY(0%); transform: translateY(0%); } /*30aug2024*/ table tr:first-child td {box-shadow:none;} .btn_radius {border-radius: 4px;} #Top_bar .menu > li > a span:not(.description) {padding:0px 3px;} @media only screen and (min-width: 1300px) { #Top_bar .menu > li > a span:not(.description) {padding:0px 10px;} #Top_bar.is-sticky .menu > li > a span {padding:0px 15px;} } /** Added 11/14/24 **/ .scroll { text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.3s ease, font-weight 0.3s ease; } .scroll.active { font-weight: bold; } @media only screen and (min-width: 1240px) { .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li#menu-item-5221 a span { background: #13b5ea !important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 1240px) { .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li#menu-item-15087 a span { background: #13b5ea !important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 1240px) { .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li#menu-item-13087 a span { background: #13b5ea !important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 1240px) { .mm-vertical #Top_bar .menu > li#menu-item-18403 a span { background: #13b5ea !important; } } /** Added 11/18/24 **/ .header-section { border-bottom: 8px solid #fdbb30 !important; } .header-section .mcb-background-overlay{ } .solution-box { padding: 20px; border: 4px solid #EBEDEF; min-height: 150px; } .image_frame:hover .image_wrapper .mask { display:none; } .image_frame:hover .image_wrapper img, .image_frame:focus .image_wrapper img { top: 0 !important; -webkit-transform: scale(1) !important; -moz-transform: scale(1) !important; -o-transform: scale(1) !important; transform: scale(1) !important; -webkit-transition: none !important; transition: none !important; } .section-headline { border-bottom: thick solid #fdbb30; padding-bottom: 15px; font-size: 26px; } /** Page CTA Elements **/ .responsive-container { display: flex; flex-wrap: nowrap; border: 4px solid #EBEDEF; padding: 20px; align-items: flex-start; gap: 20px; width: 100%; } .responsive-container img { width: 100px; height: auto; flex-shrink: 0; } .responsive-container div { flex: 1; } /* Breakpoint for mobile screens */ @media (max-width: 768px) { .responsive-container { flex-wrap: wrap; } .responsive-container img { width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px; } .responsive-container div { flex: 1 1 100%; text-align: center; } } .cta-box-btn { display: inline-block; align-items: center; padding: 6px 20px; color: white; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 5px; font-size: 14px; width: fit-content; background-color: #0065a4 !important; transition: background-color 0.3s ease, transform 0.2s ease; } .cta-box-btn:hover { background-color: #0056b3; color: white; text-decoration: none; } .cta-box-icon { margin-right: 5px; } /* Sidebar-Button-Styling */ .sidebar-btn { display: block; width: 100%; text-align: center; padding: 10px 20px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: #13b5ea !important; font-size: 16px; color: white; border-radius: 5px; transition: background-color 0.3s ease, transform 0.2s ease; } .sidebar-btn:hover { background-color: #0065a4 !important; color: white; text-decoration: none; } /*LS nav style*/ html body .ls-bottom-nav-wrapper a, #ls-global .ls-bottom-nav-wrapper a {background-image:none; border-radius:20px; background-color:#999; margin:3px; width:15px; height:15px;} html body .ls-bottom-nav-wrapper a.v, #ls-global .ls-bottom-nav-wrapper a.ls-nav-active {background-color:#2991d6;} .tabs_vertical.ui-tabs .ui-tabs-nav li a.button, .tabs_vertical.ui-tabs .ui-tabs-nav li.ui-tabs-active a.button, .tabs_vertical.ui-tabs .ui-tabs-nav li a.button:hover, .tabs_vertical.ui-tabs .ui-tabs-nav li.ui-tabs-active a.button:hover { background: #007dc5; color: #fff; border-radius: 8px !important; text-align: center; margin-left: 20px; margin-top: 17px; display: inline-block; text-decoration: none; padding: 5px 12px !important; border: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; line-height: 30px; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: 1px; width: 80%; } /* Marketo Forms */ .mktoForm, .mktoForm .mktoFieldWrap, .mktoForm .mktoHtmlText, .mktoForm input, .mktoLogicalField .mktoCheckboxList, .mktoRangeField, .mktoRangeValue {width:100% !important;} @media only screen and (min-width:480px) { .mktoFormCol:first-child:nth-last-child(2), .mktoFormCol:first-child:nth-last-child(2) ~ .mktoFormCol {width: 100% 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</div> <div class="banner_wrapper"> </div> <div class="search_wrapper">  <form role="search" method="get" id="searchform2" class="searchform" action="https://www.wyatt.com/" > <div><input type="text" placeholder="Search..." value="" name="s" id="s" /> <a href="javascript:document.getElementById('searchform2').submit();" class="icon-search-fine"></a> </div> </form><div class="mobilecart"><a href="https://store.wyatt.com/"></a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> </div>  <div id="Content" role="main"> <div class="content_wrapper clearfix"> <main class="sections_group"> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="mainContentOfPage"> <div class="mfn-builder-content mfn-default-content-buider"><section class="section mcb-section mfn-default-section mcb-section-732780dfb" style="" ><div class="mcb-background-overlay"></div><div class="section_wrapper mfn-wrapper-for-wraps mcb-section-inner mcb-section-inner-732780dfb"><div class="wrap mcb-wrap mcb-wrap-d23b28fdd one tablet-one laptop-one mobile-one valign-top clearfix" data-desktop-col="one" data-laptop-col="laptop-one" data-tablet-col="tablet-one" data-mobile-col="mobile-one" style="padding:;background-color:" ><div class="mcb-wrap-inner mcb-wrap-inner-d23b28fdd mfn-module-wrapper mfn-wrapper-for-wraps" ><div class="mcb-wrap-background-overlay"></div><div class="column mcb-column mcb-item-5f9e5fc82 one laptop-one tablet-one mobile-one column_column column-margin-0px" style="" ><div class="mcb-column-inner mfn-module-wrapper mcb-column-inner-5f9e5fc82 mcb-item-column-inner"><div class="column_attr mfn-inline-editor clearfix" style=""><br></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section class="section mcb-section mfn-default-section mcb-section-811072ab8" style="padding-bottom:30px" ><div class="mcb-background-overlay"></div><div class="section_wrapper mfn-wrapper-for-wraps mcb-section-inner mcb-section-inner-811072ab8"><div class="wrap mcb-wrap mcb-wrap-0138953a6 one tablet-one laptop-one mobile-one valign-top clearfix" data-desktop-col="one" data-laptop-col="laptop-one" data-tablet-col="tablet-one" data-mobile-col="mobile-one" style="padding:;background-color:" ><div class="mcb-wrap-inner mcb-wrap-inner-0138953a6 mfn-module-wrapper mfn-wrapper-for-wraps" ><div class="mcb-wrap-background-overlay"></div><div class="column mcb-column mcb-item-e33c3972f one laptop-one tablet-one mobile-one column_column column-margin-0px" style="" ><div class="mcb-column-inner mfn-module-wrapper mcb-column-inner-e33c3972f mcb-item-column-inner"><div class="column_attr mfn-inline-editor clearfix" style=""><h1>Understanding CG-MALS</h1></div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap mcb-wrap mcb-wrap-1abeb41bc three-fifth tablet-three-fifth laptop-three-fifth mobile-one valign-top clearfix" data-desktop-col="three-fifth" data-laptop-col="laptop-three-fifth" data-tablet-col="tablet-three-fifth" data-mobile-col="mobile-one" style="padding:;background-color:" ><div class="mcb-wrap-inner mcb-wrap-inner-1abeb41bc mfn-module-wrapper mfn-wrapper-for-wraps" ><div class="mcb-wrap-background-overlay"></div><div class="column mcb-column mcb-item-98fd91941 one laptop-one tablet-one mobile-one column_column column-margin-0px" style="" ><div class="mcb-column-inner mfn-module-wrapper mcb-column-inner-98fd91941 mcb-item-column-inner"><div class="column_attr mfn-inline-editor clearfix" style=""><p>Light scattering goes beyond molar mass and size – it is also a great tool for studying macromolecular interactions in solution without recourse to labeling or immobilization. Composition-Gradient Multi-Angle static Light Scattering (CG-MALS or CG-SLS) employs the same detectors used in chromatography mode: a multi-angle static light scattering photometer, often in combination with a differential refractometer or UV/Vis absorption spectrophotometer.</p> <p>Instead of a continuously flowing fractionation apparatus to provide size-separated samples, CG-MALS utilizes the <a href="/products/instruments/calypso-ii-label-free-biomolecular-interactions.html">Calypso™</a> multi-syringe pump system, programmed to provide stop-flow injections at a series of well-defined concentrations or compositions. Data acquired at each step, after equilibration, is analyzed to determine dynamic equilibrium properties: the stoichiometry and binding affinity (<i>K</i><sub>A</sub>) of specific complexes, and/or thermodynamic parameters such as virial coefficients in the case of non-specific interactions. The reaction rates at each composition may also be analyzed to determine kinetic parameters such as the Michaelis constant (<i>k</i><sub>M</sub>) or association/dissociation rate constants (<i>k</i><sub>on</sub>, <i>k</i><sub>off</sub>).</p> <p>Conceptually, CG-MALS is an absolute technique based entirely on first principles and a rigorous thermodynamic foundation. Since static light scattering measures weight-average molar mass, CG-MALS provides not only the stoichiometric ratio, but full complex stoichiometry. Systems undergoing self-interaction, hetero-association, or even simultaneous reversible self- and hetero-association may be quantified. A particular strength of CG-MALS is the analysis of metacomplexes (e.g., the self-association of simple complexes such as the reaction <b>A+B+A+B</b><b>↔</b><b>AB+AB</b><b>↔</b><b>(AB)<sub>2</sub></b>). Interaction analysis is not limited to macromolecules but may be extended to the behaviour of larger objects such as liposomes or microgel particles (including macromolecules adhering to such objects), and the same instrumentation may serve to automate the study of additional phenomena such as nanoparticle degradation kinetics.</p> <p>Additional details on the theory and practice of CG-MALS, as well as a variety of examples, may be found in "Characterization of Protein-Protein Interactions via Static and Dynamic Light Scattering", in <i>Protein Interactions</i>, ed. Jianfeng Cai and Rongsheng Wang, InTech, 2012. The publication is freely downloadable <a href="http://www.intechopen.com/books/protein-interactions/characterization-of-protein-protein-interactions-via-static-and-dynamic-light-scattering" target="_blank" rel="noopener">here</a>.</p> <p>Another valuable reference on theory and advanced examples of CG-MALS is "Light-scattering-based analysis of biomolecular interactions", available as an open access download <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=10.1007%2Fs12551-013-0107-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">here</a>.</p> <p><i>These sections contain a concise overview of the theory behind CG-MALS:</i></p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap mcb-wrap mcb-wrap-8898ce9f5 two-fifth tablet-two-fifth laptop-two-fifth mobile-one valign-top clearfix" data-desktop-col="two-fifth" data-laptop-col="laptop-two-fifth" data-tablet-col="tablet-two-fifth" data-mobile-col="mobile-one" style="padding:;background-color:" ><div class="mcb-wrap-inner mcb-wrap-inner-8898ce9f5 mfn-module-wrapper mfn-wrapper-for-wraps" ><div class="mcb-wrap-background-overlay"></div><div class="column mcb-column mcb-item-4a2cbc965 one laptop-one tablet-one mobile-one column_image" style="" ><div class="mcb-column-inner mfn-module-wrapper mcb-column-inner-4a2cbc965 mcb-item-image-inner"><div class="image_frame image_item scale-with-grid aligncenter no_border" role="link" aria-label="Image with links" tabindex="0"><div class="image_wrapper"><a href="https://sandbox.wyatt.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/cg-binding-1.png" rel="prettyphoto" class="" tabindex="-1" title=""><div class="mask"></div><img class="scale-with-grid" src="https://www.wyatt.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/cg-binding-1.png" alt="CG-MALS Ab-Ag Binding Kinetics" title="" width="400" height="383" style=""/></a><div class="image_links"><a href="https://sandbox.wyatt.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/cg-binding-1.png" class="zoom" rel="prettyphoto" tabindex="-1" title=""><svg viewBox="0 0 26 26" aria-label="zoom image"><defs><style>.path{fill:none;stroke:#333;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-width:1.5px;}</style></defs><circle cx="11.35" cy="11.35" r="6" class="path"/><line x1="15.59" y1="15.59" x2="20.65" y2="20.65" class="path"/></svg></a></div></div><p class="wp-caption-text">Click to enlarge image.</p></div> </div></div><div class="column mcb-column mcb-item-8b2410751 one laptop-one tablet-one mobile-one column_image" style="" ><div class="mcb-column-inner mfn-module-wrapper mcb-column-inner-8b2410751 mcb-item-image-inner"><div class="image_frame image_item no_link scale-with-grid aligncenter no_border" ><div class="image_wrapper "><img width="300" height="249" src="https://www.wyatt.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Calypso-II-576x478-300x249.jpg" class="scale-with-grid" alt="" style="" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://www.wyatt.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Calypso-II-576x478-300x249.jpg 300w, https://www.wyatt.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Calypso-II-576x478-176x146.jpg 176w, https://www.wyatt.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Calypso-II-576x478-50x41.jpg 50w, https://www.wyatt.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Calypso-II-576x478-90x75.jpg 90w, https://www.wyatt.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Calypso-II-576x478.jpg 576w" sizes="(max-width:767px) 300px, 300px" /></div></div> </div></div><div class="column mcb-column mcb-item-cf8a08f65 one-fifth laptop-one-fifth tablet-one-fifth mobile-one column_placeholder" style="" ><div class="mcb-column-inner mfn-module-wrapper mcb-column-inner-cf8a08f65 mcb-item-placeholder-inner"><div class="placeholder"> </div></div></div><div class="column mcb-column mcb-item-fba5f31a2 three-fifth laptop-three-fifth tablet-three-fifth mobile-one column_column column-margin-0px" style="" ><div class="mcb-column-inner mfn-module-wrapper mcb-column-inner-fba5f31a2 mcb-item-column-inner"><div class="column_attr mfn-inline-editor clearfix" style=""><a class="button button_full_width button_size_2" href="/library/webinars/cg-mals.html" style="background-color:#13b5ea!important;color:#ffffff;" target="_blank" title=""><span class="button_label">View CG-MALS Webinars</span></a> <br><br> <a class="button button_full_width button_size_2" href="/library/application-notes/by-technique/cg-mals.html" style="background-color:#0065a4!important;color:#ffffff;" target="_blank" title=""><span class="button_label">View CG-MALS Application Notes</span></a> </div></div></div><div class="column mcb-column mcb-item-5306c8257 one-fifth laptop-one-fifth tablet-one-fifth mobile-one column_placeholder" style="" ><div class="mcb-column-inner mfn-module-wrapper mcb-column-inner-5306c8257 mcb-item-placeholder-inner"><div class="placeholder"> </div></div></div></div></div><div class="wrap mcb-wrap mcb-wrap-d37771230 one tablet-one laptop-one mobile-one valign-top clearfix" data-desktop-col="one" data-laptop-col="laptop-one" data-tablet-col="tablet-one" data-mobile-col="mobile-one" style="padding:;background-color:" ><div class="mcb-wrap-inner mcb-wrap-inner-d37771230 mfn-module-wrapper mfn-wrapper-for-wraps" ><div class="mcb-wrap-background-overlay"></div><div class="column mcb-column mcb-item-ee09fa531 one laptop-one tablet-one mobile-one column_accordion" style="" ><div class="mcb-column-inner mfn-module-wrapper mcb-column-inner-ee09fa531 mcb-item-accordion-inner"><div class="accordion"><div class="mfn-acc accordion_wrapper "><div class="question"><div class="title"><i class="icon-plus acc-icon-plus"></i><i class="icon-minus acc-icon-minus"></i><h3>Specific binding in the ideal limit</h3></div><div class="answer"><div class="column two-third mobile-one"><div class="mcb-column-inner"> <p>In the ideal, or very dilute, limit, thermodynamic non-ideality (e.g., virial coefficient terms) may be ignored and the time-averaged light scattering intensity from a solution containing one or more macromolecules is described by the following equation:</p> <p align="center"><img src="/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/interactions-equation-00.png" align="center" style="width:600px;"></p> </div></div> <div class="column one-third mobile-one"><div class="mcb-column-inner"> <p> </p> </div></div> <hr class="no_line" style="margin: 0 auto 0px auto"/> <div class="column two-third mobile-one"><div class="mcb-column-inner"> <p>In this equation:</p> <ul> <li><i>M</i><sub>m</sub>, <i>c</i><sub>m</sub>, <i>P</i><sub>m</sub><i>(θ)</i> and <i>dn/dc</i><sub>m</sub> refer to the molar mass, mass/volume concentration, angular dependence due to finite <i>r</i><sub>g</sub>, and specific refractive index of molecular species <i>m</i></li> <li><i>[m]</i> is the molar concentration of species <i>m</i></li> <li><i>R(θ)</i> and <i>K</i> are defined as in <a href="/library/theory/multi-angle-light-scattering-theory.html">Classical Scattering/Analysis Details</a>, except that <i>dn/dc</i> is removed from <i>K*</i> to produce a sample-independent parameter <i>K</i></li> </ul> <p>The ideal limit is typically valid below ~1 mg/mL total concentration for most proteins in buffer of reasonable ionic strength. For other macromolecules and solvents the range of validity may vary.</p> </div></div> <div class="column one-third mobile-one"><div class="mcb-column-inner"> <br><br> <div style="padding:0px 30px 0px 30px"> <p align="center"><img src="/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/interactions-graphic2.jpg" align="center" style="width:400px;"></p> </div> </div></div> <hr class="no_line" style="margin: 0 auto 0px auto"/> <div class="column two-third mobile-one"><div class="mcb-column-inner"> <p>Within this limit, a reversibly associating system in dynamic equilibrium is considered to consist of a mixture of 1) free monomers <i>A</i>, <i>B</i> of molar masses <i>M<sub>A</sub></i> and <i>M<sub>B</sub></i> at concentrations [<i>A</i>] and [<i>B</i>]; and 2) bound complexes <i>A</i><sub>i</sub><i>B</i><sub>j</sub> of molar mass <i>M</i><sub>ij</sub> = <i>iM<sub>A</sub></i> + <i>jM<sub>B</sub></i> at concentrations [<i>A</i><sub>i</sub><i>B</i><sub>j</sub>]. Following the formalism laid out by Attri & Minton 2005<sup>1</sup>, data analysis consists of combining the ideal light scattering equation, rewritten here as (1), with the equations for mass action (2) and conservation of mass (3).</p> <p align="center"><img src="/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/interactions-equation-01.png" alt="Equation 1" border="0" /> (1)</p> <br /> <p align="center"><img src="/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/interactions-equation-02.png" alt="Equation 2" border="0" /> (2)</p> <br /> <p align="center"><img src="/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/interactions-equation-03.png" alt="Equation 3" border="0" /> (3)</p> <ul> <li>Here <i>A</i><sub>1</sub><i>B</i><sub>0</sub> and <i>A</i><sub>0</sub><i>B</i><sub>1</sub> represent A and B monomers; <i>A</i><sub>i</sub><i>B</i><sub>0</sub> represents <i>i</i>-mers of <i>A</i> and <i>A<sub>0</sub>B<sub>j</sub></i> represents <i>j</i>-mers of <i>B</i>.</li> <li>In Eq. (2), <i>K</i><sub>ij</sub> are the macroscopic equilibrium constants for the <i>ij</i> complex</li> <li>In Eq. (3), <i>c<sub>A</sub><sup>total</sup></i> and <i>c<sub>B</sub><sup>total</sup></i> are the total mass/volume concentration of <i>A</i> and <i>B</i> present in solution. Usually these are determined from the amounts mixed together to produce the reaction. In many cases <i>c<sub>A</sub><sup>total</sup></i> and <i>c<sub>B</sub><sup>total</sup></i> are measured directly in the course of a CG-MALS experiment.</li> </ul> <p><i>References</i><br /><sup>1</sup> Attri, A. K.; Minton, A. P. Composition gradient static light scattering: A new technique for rapid detection and quantitative characterization of reversible macromolecular hetero-associations in solution. <i>Analytical Biochemistry </i> <b>2005,</b> <i>346</i>, 132–138.</p> </div></div> <div class="column one-third mobile-one"><div class="mcb-column-inner"> <p> </p> </div></div> <hr class="no_line" style="margin: 0 auto 0px auto"/> </div></div> <div class="question"><div class="title"><i class="icon-plus acc-icon-plus"></i><i class="icon-minus acc-icon-minus"></i><h3>Non-specific interactions, or thermodynamic non-ideality</h3></div><div class="answer"><div class="column two-third mobile-one"><div class="mcb-column-inner"> <p>Non-specific interactions between macromolecules arise from a variety of sources: hard-core repulsion, repulsion or attraction due electrostatic net charges on molecular surfaces, attraction due to various dipole and higher-order terms (monopole-dipole, dipole-dipole, etc.), hydrophobic patches on proteins or peptides, hydration forces, etc. Such interactions are mediated by the solvent and hence affected by ionic strength and pH. They do not result in specific, lock-and-key binding to produce complexes of well-defined stoichiometry, rather generate an overall attraction or repulsion between macromolecules.</p> </div></div> <div class="column one-third mobile-one"><div class="mcb-column-inner"> <div style="padding:0px 30px 0px 30px"> <p align="center"><img src="/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/interactions-graphic3.jpg" alt="Non-specific Interactions" align="center" style="width: 350px;"></p> </div> </div></div> <hr class="no_line" style="margin: 0 auto 0px auto"/> <div class="column two-third mobile-one"><div class="mcb-column-inner"> <p>Under relatively dilute conditions that approach (but do not reach) the ideal limit, non-specific self-interactions are conveniently quantified by virial coefficients, especially the second virial coefficient <i>A</i><sub>2</sub> (also known as <i>B</i><sub>22</sub>) and the third virial coefficient <i>A</i><sub>3</sub> (<i>B</i><sub>222</sub>). The static light scattering equation in the dilute, non-ideal regime is usually written as:</p> <p align="center"><img src="/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/interactions-equation-04.png" alt="Equation 4" width="330" border="0" /> (4)</p> <p align="center"><img src="/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/interactions-equation-05.png" alt="Equation 5" width="370" border="0" /> (5)</p> <p>Both <i>P</i>(<i>θ</i>)=1 and <i>Q</i>(<i>θ</i>)=1 for molecules much smaller than the wavelength of incident light, typically with radii < 8–10 nm. Non-specific hetero-interactions are conveniently described by cross-virial coefficients, especially <i>A</i><sub>11</sub> (<i>B</i><sub>23</sub>). While there are various formalisms to describe light scattering with self-and cross-virial coefficients, a commonly-used variant is seen in equation 6.</p> <p>In these equations, there is no differentiation into stoichiometric complexes; ><i>c</i>, <i>c<sub>A</sub></i> and <i>c<sub>B</sub></i> refer to total sample concentrations.</p> <p align="center"><img src="/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/interactions-equation-06.png" alt="Equation 6" width="600" border="0" /> (6)</p> </div></div> <div class="column one-third mobile-one"><div class="mcb-column-inner"> <p> </p> </div></div> <hr class="no_line" style="margin: 0 auto 0px auto"/> </div></div> <div class="question"><div class="title"><i class="icon-plus acc-icon-plus"></i><i class="icon-minus acc-icon-minus"></i><h3>High-concentration analysis: weak or quasi-specific associations</h3></div><div class="answer"><div class="column two-third mobile-one"><div class="mcb-column-inner"> <p>At high concentrations, typically above 10 mg/mL and up to hundreds of mg/mL for proteins and similar macromolecules, weak interactions that do not affect dilute or moderately concentrated solutions may become important. The analysis of CG-MALS data acquired at such high concentration is complicated by the simultaneous presence of repulsive interactions (especially hard-core repulsion which is always present) and a variety of non-specific, attractive interactions. Fortunately, repulsive and attractive interactions tend to produce different functional forms in their concentration dependence, permitting them to be distinguished and quantified simultaneously.</p> <p>Signals from a primarily repulsive interaction are often fit well by the Effective Hard Sphere (EHS) model<sup>1</sup>. EHS utilizes a single parameter, the effective specific volume <i>v<sub>eff</sub></i>, from which all orders of virial coefficients may be calculated, making the fitting procedure robust. Extrapolating to zero angle (or at any angle for isotropic scatterers (i.e., molecules with radius below 8-10 nm) as seen in equation 7.</p> <p align="center"><img src="/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/interactions-equation-07.png" alt="Equation 7" border="0" /> (7)</p> <p>Minton described a framework for analysing high-concentration self-interactions by assuming that all the attraction can be described as reversible oligomerization, while all the repulsion can be rolled into a single parameter: the effective specific volume <i>v<sub>eff</sub></i> which is held to be equal for monomers and all orders of 'oligomers'. These 'oligomers' may not be true specific complexes with robust stoichiometries, but can be thought of as quasi-specific oligomers with approximate stoichiometries that may shift upon changing solvent conditions. The complete algorithm to fit high-concentration data to a self-association model and determine stoichiometry, <i>i</i>-mer equilibrium association constants <i>K</i><sub>i</sub> and <i>v</i><sub>eff</sub> is rather involved. A highly simplified set of equations which does a reasonable job of replicating the essentials of a self-associating system in the presence of (repulsive) non-ideality is obtained by combining Eq. (7) with Eqs. (1) - (3).</p> <p align="center"><img src="/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/interactions-equation-08.png" alt="Equation 8"/> (8)</p> <br /><br /> <p align="center"><img src="/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/interactions-equation-09.png" alt="Equation 9" border="0" /> (9)</p> <p align="center"><img src="/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/interactions-equation-10.png" alt="Equation 10" border="0" /> (10)</p> <p><i>References</i><br /><sup>1</sup> Minton, A. P. Light Scattering from Concentrated Protein Solutions, I: General Theory for Protein Mixtures and Application to Self-Associating Proteins. <i>Biophysical Journal </i> <b>2007,</b> <i>93</i>, 1321-1328.</p> </div></div> <div class="column one-third mobile-one"><div class="mcb-column-inner"> <p> </p> </div></div> <hr class="no_line" style="margin: 0 auto 0px auto"/> </div></div> <div class="question"><div class="title"><i class="icon-plus acc-icon-plus"></i><i class="icon-minus acc-icon-minus"></i><h3>Reaction kinetics</h3></div><div class="answer"><div class="column two-third mobile-one"><div class="mcb-column-inner"> <p>Standard solution reaction kinetics apply to light scattering. The scattering signal is of course related to the product of concentration and molar mass, so that the data will be described by a corresponding set of equations. For the simple case of A+B<span>↔</span>AB, the result is 2<sup>nd</sup> order kinetics:</p> <p align="center"><img src="/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/interactions-equation-11.png" alt="Equation 11" border="0" /> (11)</p> <p align="center"><img src="/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/interactions-equation-12.png" alt="Equation 12" border="0" /> (12)</p> <p>The time dependence of the excess Rayleigh ratio, extrapolated to zero angle (or at any angle for isotropic scatterers (i.e., particles of radius < 8–10 nm), is:</p> <p align="center"><img src="/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/interactions-equation-13.png" alt="Equation 13" border="0" /> (13)</p> </div></div> <div class="column one-third mobile-one"><div class="mcb-column-inner"> <p> </p> </div></div> <hr class="no_line" style="margin: 0 auto 0px auto"/> </div></div> </div></div> </div></div></div></div></div></section></div><section class="section mcb-section the_content no_content"><div class="section_wrapper"><div class="the_content_wrapper 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