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liberation</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: liberation"> <meta name="keywords" content="liberation"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="liberation"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 88</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: liberation</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">88</span> A Critique of Contemporary Sexual Liberation: A Third Way Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sydelle%20Barreto">Sydelle Barreto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sexual liberation has been thought of as a movement, an idea, and an antithesis of material oppression. Within feminism it has consistently resisted definition - different feminist schools of thought had entirely different constructions of what liberated feminine sexuality could look like and how we might get there. This paper will critique the current definition of sexual liberation as being limited and carceral in its perspectives of sexual assault and extremely reductive in its imaginings of sexual liberation. The ultimate goal of this assessment is to potentially outline what true sexual liberation might look like in a way that is inclusive but not ignorant of the realities of the patriarchy. The first critique of sexual liberation included in the paper centers around the limits of consent, carceral feminism and sexual subjectivity. The argument will build off the traditionally sex-negative critiques of consent as being limited in scope by explaining how a lack of nuance is even more dangerous to victims of sexual violations. The discussion will also expand an interrogant of consent to an interrogation of wantedness and desire. If we understand that critiquing the conditions of consent is important, we must also critique the way patriarchy and compulsory sexuality have affected desire. Using the aforementioned concept of compulsory sexuality, the paper will argue that while sexual liberation has begun to include queer and transgender individuals, it is still overwhelmingly allonormative. Sex positivity and its opponents both fail to include asexuality. This ultimately leads to a conflation of sexual liberation with genuine material liberation. Just as we cannot divorce our constructions of sexual liberation from the realities of the patriarchy and rape culture, we should consider compulsory sexuality as its own system of social regulation. The conclusion will begin to construct an alternative vision of sexual liberation, leveraging concepts of sexual subjectivity, including a rejection of carceral feminism as a response to sexual violence, and finally, leading to the beginnings of a deconstruction of compulsory sexuality. The paper concludes with a vision of sexual liberation that does not confuse itself with material liberation or mere sexual oppression, but rather a key way stops on the road to constructing our most authentic sexual selves. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feminism" title="feminism">feminism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20assault" title=" sexual assault"> sexual assault</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20liberation" title=" sexual liberation"> sexual liberation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consent" title=" consent"> consent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136376/a-critique-of-contemporary-sexual-liberation-a-third-way-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136376.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">87</span> Protected Status: Violation of the Provisions of Protected Status under International Humanitarian Law during the Liberation War of Bangladesh </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabera%20Sultana">Sabera Sultana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In today's war-torn world, it is crucial to identify, understand, and apply the laws aimed at minimizing civilian casualty during wartime. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the provisions of protected status under international humanitarian law and evaluate the historical facts and shreds of evidences of violation of protected status during the Liberation War of Bangladesh. This legal research paper evaluates the international humanitarian laws and case laws regarding protected status of people during wartime and evaluates them against the historical facts and well-documented evidences of violation of protected status during the Liberation War of Bangladesh. This paper will help to create a brief guideline on Protected Status under international humanitarian law, which will help to protect our civilians during wartime if ever required. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civilian%20protection" title="civilian protection">civilian protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20humanitarian%20laws" title=" international humanitarian laws"> international humanitarian laws</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liberation%20war%20of%20Bangladesh" title=" liberation war of Bangladesh"> liberation war of Bangladesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protected%20status" title=" protected status"> protected status</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119719/protected-status-violation-of-the-provisions-of-protected-status-under-international-humanitarian-law-during-the-liberation-war-of-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119719.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">86</span> Jesus’ Approach in Liberation of the Poor, Luke 4:18-19: Lesson for Nigerian Leaders</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aboekwe">Aboekwe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mary%20Emilia"> Mary Emilia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Jesus’ mission was not only a religious one but had social and political implications. From the birth to the death of Jesus, God’s message of liberation is proclaimed in and through Jesus. This work studied Jesus’ inaugural mission in Luke 4: 18 -19 in the context of Nigerian leaders. A theological interpretation was adopted and it was discovered that Luke 4: 18-19 unfolded Jesus’ mission statement. This mission statement centered in preaching the good news to the poor, the release of the captives, healing the sick, liberation to the oppressed, and favour and abundance in the land. Related to the Jewish-Roman world of Jesus and the Nigerian nation, it was discovered that most of the maladies enumerated in Jesus’ inaugural mission statement were prevalent in Nigerian society. Maladies like poverty, oppression, violence, sickness and diseases are widespread in Nigeria. Poverty affects all, irrespective of gender, religion, or ethnicity. There is insecurity everywhere. Unemployment bites harder on Nigeria’s youthful population, and they are unable to find a job at the prevailing wage rate. To this effect, therefore, this study proposes Jesus’ liberative technique as a solution to these maladies prevalent in the country. The work equally challenged the Nigerian leaders to emulate Jesus’ mission statement and take proactive measures in fighting against these social challenges resident in Nigeria today. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liberation" title="liberation">liberation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership" title=" leadership"> leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maladies" title=" maladies"> maladies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poverty" title=" poverty"> poverty</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170358/jesus-approach-in-liberation-of-the-poor-luke-418-19-lesson-for-nigerian-leaders" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170358.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">85</span> Reminiscence Bump in Autobiographical Memory of Freedom Fighters in Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eamin%20Zahan%20Heanoy">Eamin Zahan Heanoy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asheek%20Mohammad%20Shimul"> Asheek Mohammad Shimul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the present study was to address theoretical issues of reminiscence bump in autobiographical memory using the freedom fighters of Bangladesh as participants. It was assumed that they had a lot of negative memories during the liberation war in 1971 and those events would reflect the construction of reminiscence bump. Three hundred and twenty (320) freedom fighters were selected using mixed method (purposive and random) sampling technique. The freedom fighters were taken from 10 randomly chosen districts of 64. The participants recalled and dated autobiographical memories from across the lifespan. The age of the participants was between 50 to 80+ years. Memories were encoded at the time of the age when the events occurred. As expected the reminiscence bump, preferential recall of memories from second and third decade was observed. Results indicate that the bump for the participants was found 16 to 26 years. And most remarkably, they recalled most of the memories from 1971, the liberation war. Different retrieval curve has been found for male and female participants. The results have been discussed in the light of recent developments in reminiscence bump research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autobiographical%20memory" title="autobiographical memory">autobiographical memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freedom%20fighters" title=" freedom fighters"> freedom fighters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liberation%20war" title=" liberation war"> liberation war</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reminiscence%20bump" title=" reminiscence bump"> reminiscence bump</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63155/reminiscence-bump-in-autobiographical-memory-of-freedom-fighters-in-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63155.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">84</span> Religion versus Secularism on Women’s Liberation: The Question of Women Liberation and Modern Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kinda%20AlSamara">Kinda AlSamara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The nineteenth century was characterized by major educational reforms in the Arab World. One of the unintended outcomes of colonization in Arab countries was the initiation of women liberation as well as the introduction of modern education and its application in sensitizing people on the rights of women and their liberation. The reforms were often attributed to various undercurrents that took place at different levels within the Ottoman Empire, and particularly the arrival and influence of the Christian missionaries were supported by the American and European governments. These trends were also significantly attributed to the increase in the presence of Europeans in the region, as well as the introduction of secular ideas and approaches related to the meaning of modernity. Using literary analysis as a method, this paper examines the role of an important male figure like the political activist and writer Qāsim Amīn and the religious reformer Muḥammad ʻAbduh in starting this discourse and shows their impact on the emancipation of women movement (<em>Taḥrīr</em>), and how later women led the movement with their published work. This paper explores Arab Salons and the initiation of women’s literary circles. Women from wealthy families in Egypt and Syria who had studied in Europe or interacted with European counterparts began these circles. These salons acted as central locations where people could meet and hold discussions on political, social, and literary trends as they happened each day. The paper concludes with a discussion of current debates between the Islamist and the secularist branches of the movement today. While the Islamists believe that adhering to the core of Islam with some of its contested position on women is a modern ideology of liberation that fits the current culture of modern time Egypt; the secularists argue that the influence that Islam has on the women’s liberation movement in Egypt has been a threat to the natural success and progress of the movement, which was initiated in the early nineteenth century independent of the more recent trends towards religiosity in the country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educational%20model" title="educational model">educational model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crisis%20of%20terminologies" title=" crisis of terminologies"> crisis of terminologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arab%20awakening" title=" Arab awakening"> Arab awakening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nineteenth%20century" title=" nineteenth century"> nineteenth century</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85708/religion-versus-secularism-on-womens-liberation-the-question-of-women-liberation-and-modern-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85708.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">83</span> Liberation as a Method for Monument Valorisation: The Case of the Defence Heritage Restoration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Donatella%20R.%20Fiorino">Donatella R. Fiorino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marzia%20Loddo"> Marzia Loddo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The practice of freeing monuments from subsequent additions crosses the entire history of conservation and it is traditionally connected to the aim of valorisation, both for cultural and educational purpose and recently even for touristic exploitation. Defence heritage has been widely interested by these cultural and technical moods from philological restoration to critic innovations. A renovated critical analysis of Italian episodes and in particular the Sardinian case of the area of San Pancrazio in Cagliari, constitute an important lesson about the limits of this practice and the uncertainty in terms of results, towards the definition of a sustainable good practice in the restoration of military architectures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defensive%20architecture" title="defensive architecture">defensive architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liberation" title=" liberation"> liberation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valorisation%20for%20tourism" title=" Valorisation for tourism"> Valorisation for tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20restoration" title=" historical restoration"> historical restoration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19474/liberation-as-a-method-for-monument-valorisation-the-case-of-the-defence-heritage-restoration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19474.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">82</span> Investigation into the Effectiveness of Bacillus Mucilaginosus in Liberation of Platinum Group Metals Locked in Silicates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nokubonga%20G.%20Zulu">Nokubonga G. Zulu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bongephiwe%20M.%20Thethwayo"> Bongephiwe M. Thethwayo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mapilane%20S.%20Madiba"> Mapilane S. Madiba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20A.%20Olubambi"> Peter A. Olubambi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In South Africa, PGMs’ metallurgy industry is now leaned on the Upper Group 2 (UG2) reef for the beneficiation of 4PGEs (Platinum, Palladium, Rhodium, and Ruthenium). The current effective beneficiation method is direct froth flotation which uses the hydrophobicity of liberated valuables minerals to carefully float them while hydrophilic gangue minerals report to the residue. PGMs are known to be associated with base metal sulphides which are hydrophobic; however, approximately 25% of PGMs from UG2 are associated with hydrophilic silicates, which results in high PGMs grade in the flotation residue. Further, the smallest size in which UG2 PGMs occur is approximately 9 microns which demands high grinding for liberation, imposing energy and cost implications. The use of Bacillus mucilaginosus to liberate PGMs using Bio-leaching of PGMs bearing Silicates is a promising cost-effective, energy-saving, and green solution to liberate PGMs locked in silicates. This is due to the ability of Bacillus mucilaginosus to generate extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) that are responsible for the leaching of silicate minerals. The bioleaching is done at a laboratory beaker using a cultivated Bacillus mucilaginosus as a lixiviant. The bioleaching residue is expected to have a reduced particle size due to silicate consumption, which reduces the need and cost associated with a secondary milling circuit. Moreover, the grade of the bioleaching product is increased since the silicates (gangue minerals) are consumed by Bacillus mucilaginosus; this serves as a pre-concentration step. This paper discusses an alternative liberation and pre-concentrating technique of PGMs that are associated with silicates using Bacillus mucilaginosus leaching to dissolve silicates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bacillus%20mucilaginosus" title="Bacillus mucilaginosus">Bacillus mucilaginosus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-leaching%20of%20PGMs%20bearing%20silicates" title=" bio-leaching of PGMs bearing silicates"> bio-leaching of PGMs bearing silicates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liberation%20of%20PGMs" title=" liberation of PGMs"> liberation of PGMs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-concentration%20of%20PGMs" title=" pre-concentration of PGMs"> pre-concentration of PGMs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160943/investigation-into-the-effectiveness-of-bacillus-mucilaginosus-in-liberation-of-platinum-group-metals-locked-in-silicates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160943.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">81</span> Characterization of Complex Gold Ores for Preliminary Process Selection: The Case of Kapanda, Ibindi, Mawemeru, and Itumbi in Tanzania</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sospeter%20P.%20Maganga">Sospeter P. Maganga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alphonce%20Wikedzi"> Alphonce Wikedzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mussa%20D.%20Budeba"> Mussa D. Budeba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samwel%20V.%20Manyele"> Samwel V. Manyele</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study characterizes complex gold ores (elemental and mineralogical composition, gold distribution, ore grindability, and mineral liberation) for preliminary process selection. About 200 kg of ore samples were collected from each location using systematic sampling by mass interval. Ores were dried, crushed, milled, and split into representative sub-samples (about 1 kg) for elemental and mineralogical composition analyses using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), fire assay finished with Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) methods, respectively. The gold distribution was studied on size-by-size fractions, while ore grindability was determined using the standard Bond test. The mineral liberation analysis was conducted using ThermoFisher Scientific Mineral Liberation Analyzer (MLA) 650, where unsieved polished grain mounts (80% passing 700 µm) were used as MLA feed. Two MLA measurement modes, X-ray modal analysis (XMOD) and sparse phase liberation-grain X-ray mapping analysis (SPL-GXMAP), were employed. At least two cyanide consumers (Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn) and kinetics impeders (Mn, S, As, and Bi) were present in all locations investigated. Copper content at Kapanda (0.77% Cu) and Ibindi (7.48% Cu) exceeded the recommended threshold of 0.5% Cu for direct cyanidation. The gold ore at Ibindi indicated a higher rate of grinding compared to other locations. This could be explained by the highest grindability (2.119 g/rev.) and lowest Bond work index (10.213 kWh/t) values. The pyrite-marcasite, chalcopyrite, galena, and siderite were identified as major gold, copper, lead, and iron-bearing minerals, respectively, with potential for economic extraction. However, only gold and copper can be recovered under conventional milling because of grain size issues (galena is exposed by 10%) and process complexity (difficult to concentrate and smelt iron from siderite). Therefore, the preliminary process selection is copper flotation followed by gold cyanidation for Kapanda and Ibindi ores, whereas gold cyanidation with additives such as glycine or ammonia is selected for Mawemeru and Itumbi ores because of low concentrations of Cu, Pb, Fe, and Zn minerals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20gold%20ores" title="complex gold ores">complex gold ores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20liberation" title=" mineral liberation"> mineral liberation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ore%20characterization" title=" ore characterization"> ore characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ore%20grindability" title=" ore grindability"> ore grindability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166554/characterization-of-complex-gold-ores-for-preliminary-process-selection-the-case-of-kapanda-ibindi-mawemeru-and-itumbi-in-tanzania" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166554.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">80</span> A Comparative Analysis of Liberation and Contemplation in Sankara and Aquinas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeite%20Shumneiyang%20Koireng">Zeite Shumneiyang Koireng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Liberation is the act of liberating or the state of being liberated. Indian philosophy, in general, understands liberation as moksa, which etymological is derived from the Sanskrit root muc+ktin meaning to loose, set free, to let go, discharge, release, liberate, deliver, etc. According to Indian schools of thought, moksa is the highest value on realizing which nothing remains to be realized. It is the cessation of birth and death, all kinds of pain and at the same time, it is the realization of one’s own self. Sankara’s Advaita philosophy is based on the following propositions: Brahman is the only Reality; the world has apparent reality, and the soul is not different from Brahman. According to Sankara, Brahman is the basis on which the world form appears; it is the sustaining ground of all various modification. It is the highest self and the self of all reveals himself by dividing himself [ as it was in the form of various objects] in multiple ways. The whole world is the manifestation of the Supreme Being. Brahman modifying itself into the Atman or internal self of all things is the world. Since Brahman is the Upadhana karana of the world, the sruti speaks of the world as the modification of Brahman into the Atman of the effect. Contemplation as the fulfillment of man finds a radical foundation in Aquinas teaching concerning the natural end or as he also referred to it, natural desire. The third book of the Summa Contra Gentiles begins the study of happiness with a consideration of natural desire. According to him, all creatures, even those devoid of understanding are ordered to God as an ultimate end. Intrinsically, a part of every nature is a tendency or inclination, originating in the natural form and tendency toward the end for which the possessor of nature exists. It is the study of the nature and finality of inclination that Aquinas establishes through an argument of induction man’s Contemplation of God as the fulfillment of his nature. The present paper is attempted to critically approach two important, seminal and originated thought, representing Indian and Western traditions which mark on the thinking of their respective times. Both these thoughts- Advaitic concept of Liberation in the Indian tradition and the concept of Contemplation in Thomas Aquinas’ Summa Contra Gentiles’- confront directly the question of the ultimate meaning of human existence. According to Sankara, it is knowledge and knowledge alone which is the means of moksa and the highest knowledge is moksa itself. Liberation in Sankara Vedanta is attained as a process of purification of self, which gradually and increasingly turns into purer and purer intentional construction. Man’s inner natural tendency for Aquinas is towards knowledge. The human subject is driven to know more and more about reality and in particular about the highest reality. Contemplation of this highest reality is fulfillment in the philosophy of Aquinas. Rather, Contemplation is the perfect activity in man’s present state of existence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liberation" title="liberation">liberation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brahman" title=" Brahman"> Brahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contemplation" title=" contemplation"> contemplation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fulfillment" title=" fulfillment"> fulfillment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100358/a-comparative-analysis-of-liberation-and-contemplation-in-sankara-and-aquinas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100358.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">79</span> Recovery of Metals from Electronic Waste by Physical and Chemical Recycling Processes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muammer%20Kaya">Muammer Kaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of various physical and chemical processes for electronic waste (e-waste) recycling, their advantages and shortfalls towards achieving a cleaner process of waste utilization, with especial attention towards extraction of metallic values. Current status and future perspectives of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) recycling are described. E-waste characterization, dismantling/ disassembly methods, liberation and classification processes, composition determination techniques are covered. Manual selective dismantling and metal-nonmetal liberation at – 150 µm at two step crushing are found to be the best. After size reduction, mainly physical separation/concentration processes employing gravity, electrostatic, magnetic separators, froth floatation etc., which are commonly used in mineral processing, have been critically reviewed here for separation of metals and non-metals, along with useful utilizations of the non-metallic materials. The recovery of metals from e-waste material after physical separation through pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical or biohydrometallurgical routes is also discussed along with purification and refining and some suitable flowsheets are also given. It seems that hydrometallurgical route will be a key player in the base and precious metals recoveries from e-waste. E-waste recycling will be a very important sector in the near future from economic and environmental perspectives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-waste" title="e-waste">e-waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WEEE" title=" WEEE"> WEEE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title=" recycling"> recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20recovery" title=" metal recovery"> metal recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrometallurgy" title=" hydrometallurgy"> hydrometallurgy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pirometallurgy" title=" pirometallurgy"> pirometallurgy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biometallurgy" title=" biometallurgy"> biometallurgy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42536/recovery-of-metals-from-electronic-waste-by-physical-and-chemical-recycling-processes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42536.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">78</span> Comparing the Effectiveness of the Crushing and Grinding Route of Comminution to That of the Mine to Mill Route in Terms of the Percentage of Middlings Present in Processed Lead-Zinc Ore Samples</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinedu%20F.%20Anochie">Chinedu F. Anochie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The presence of gangue particles in recovered metal concentrates has been a serious challenge to ore dressing engineers. Middlings lower the quality of concentrates, and in most cases, drastically affect the smelter terms, owing to exorbitant amounts paid by Mineral Processing industries as treatment charge. Models which encourage optimization of liberation operations have been utilized in most ore beneficiation industries to reduce the presence of locked particles in valuable concentrates. Moreover, methods such as incorporation of regrind mills, scavenger, rougher and cleaner cells, to the milling and flotation plants has been widely employed to tackle these concerns, and to optimize the grade–recovery relationship of metal concentrates. This work compared the crushing and grinding method of liberation, to the mine to mill route, by evaluating the proportion of middlings present in selectively processed complex Pb-Zn ore samples. To establish the effect of size reduction operations on the percentage of locked particles present in recovered concentrates, two similar samples of complex Pb- Zn ores were processed. Following blasting operation, the first ore sample was ground directly in a ball mill (Mine to Mill Route of Comminution), while the other sample was manually crushed, and subsequently ground in the ball mill (Crushing and Grinding Route of Comminution). The two samples were separately sieved in a mesh to obtain the desired representative particle sizes. An equal amount of each sample that would be processed in the flotation circuit was then obtained with the aid of a weighing balance. These weighed fine particles were simultaneously processed in the flotation circuit using the selective flotation technique. Sodium cyanide, Methyl isobutyl carbinol, Sodium ethyl xanthate, Copper sulphate, Sodium hydroxide, Lime and Isopropyl xanthate, were the reagents used to effect differential flotation of the two ore samples. Analysis and calculations showed that the degree of liberation obtained for the ore sample which went through the conventional crushing and grinding route of comminution, was higher than that of the directly milled run off mine (ROM) ore. Similarly, the proportion of middlings obtained from the separated galena (PbS) and sphalerite (ZnS) concentrates, were lower for the crushed and ground ore sample. A concise data which proved that the mine to mill method of size reduction is not the most ideal technique for the recovery of quality metal concentrates has been established. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comminution" title="comminution">comminution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20of%20liberation" title=" degree of liberation"> degree of liberation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=middlings" title=" middlings"> middlings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine%20to%20mill" title=" mine to mill"> mine to mill</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126873/comparing-the-effectiveness-of-the-crushing-and-grinding-route-of-comminution-to-that-of-the-mine-to-mill-route-in-terms-of-the-percentage-of-middlings-present-in-processed-lead-zinc-ore-samples" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126873.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">77</span> Ex (War) Machina: Arab Spring</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deniz%20Alca">Deniz Alca</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to study the themes of autonomy, democracy and the legitimacy of power under the headline of Arab Spring. After the first wave of Arab Spring, among the frequently mentioned ideals of self-recognition, awakening, democracy, autonomy, freedom etc. main concern of the border neighbors and the western governments was to see a “legitimate power.” Although the metaphor of spring was still pointing at emancipation, the principal focus was mostly not on the people but on the governments. So the question of what makes a government legitimate has come to the forefront. However, democracy and freedom, seems to be the main subject matters of the discussions, this rush about establishment of “legitimate governments” lead other countries, to indulge or worse endorse armed oppositionists. So essence of “power” changed from legitimate to rulership. It seems that the civil initiative or autonomy and clearly democracy are still far away from us. The need to a savior is overpowering. This cultural and traditional and almost hereditary miss orientation of the people, both the ones who are playing the role of god and the ones who believed the inevitable need to be freed by someone else, seems to be leading the Arabs to a new autocracy or worse. Middle East is waiting for the ex machina to operate. But what it gets is a spreading warfare. This darkness falling down on Middle East under the concept of spring may be explained by the confrontation of the concepts of emancipation and liberation. So the question is, if the era of emancipation really over or is there still a chance for autonomy and grassroots democracy operating as constituent power? <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomy" title="autonomy">autonomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=awakening" title=" awakening"> awakening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civil%20initiative" title=" civil initiative"> civil initiative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democracy" title=" democracy"> democracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emancipation" title=" emancipation"> emancipation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legitimacy" title=" legitimacy"> legitimacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liberation" title=" liberation"> liberation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30805/ex-war-machina-arab-spring" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30805.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">76</span> Effect of Feed Rate on Grinding Circuits and Cyclone Efficiency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patel%20Himeshkumar%20Ashokbhai">Patel Himeshkumar Ashokbhai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suchit%20Sharma"> Suchit Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arvind%20Kumar%20Garg"> Arvind Kumar Garg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of change in feed rate on grinding circuit and cyclone efficiency in case of lead-zinc ore. The following experiments and analysis were conducted on beneficiation circuit of Sindesar Khurd (SK) mines under Hindustan Zinc Ltd. subsidiary of Vedanta Group of Companies, a leading producer of lead-Zinc, silver and cadmium (as by products) in India. Feed rate is an important variable in beneficiation circuit operation. Optimizing feed rate is indispensable for any grinding circuit and directly effects cyclone efficiency. The size analysis of ore in grinding circuit along with cyclone efficiency on varying feed rates establishes their interdependence. Feed rate determines retention time ore gets within grinding circuit. Retention time in turn determines degree of liberation of mineral. Inadequate liberation causes decreased circuit efficiency. In this paper we have studied the effect of varying feed rate on (1) D80 particle size of different sections of different streams of grinding circuit (2) Re-circulating load (3) Cyclone efficiency. As a conclusion, this study gives some clues to operate grinding circuits and hydro-cyclones in more efficient way regarding beneficiation of Lead-zinc ore. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclone%20efficiency" title="cyclone efficiency">cyclone efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed%20rate" title=" feed rate"> feed rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grinding%20circuit" title=" grinding circuit"> grinding circuit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=re-circulating%20load" title=" re-circulating load"> re-circulating load</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38698/effect-of-feed-rate-on-grinding-circuits-and-cyclone-efficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38698.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">75</span> Impact of Curriculum Politicization on the Teaching-Learning Process in 'Patriotism-Building', Compulsory History Courses in Bangladesh's Higher Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raiya%20Kishwar%20Ashraf">Raiya Kishwar Ashraf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The National University, the largest public educational institution in Bangladesh, recently made it mandatory for all students to study a course in Bangladesh‘s history of the 1971 Liberation War. This introduction was accompanied by massive political, financial and academic movement that allocated resources towards achieving greater awareness of the country‘s spirit, goals of liberation and patriotism among the youth. This study argues that the infrastructure and political economy around the course heavily politicizes the education system and more specifically the teaching and learning the process. By conducting a qualitative study in three affiliated colleges under the National University, this study aimed to explore the extent to which politicization affected higher education curriculum, especially history education in Bangladesh. The findings revealed significant levels of politicization and structural constraints present in the process that restricts the teacher and student engagement with course materials. The results of this study are useful for curriculum designers and higher education teachers and staffs who wish to develop content and deliver education that promotes critical inquiry among students. The findings further shed light on the importance of identifying and addressing political influences in education curriculum and programme development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bangladesh%20higher%20education" title="Bangladesh higher education">Bangladesh higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20thinking" title=" critical thinking"> critical thinking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curriculum%20politicization" title=" curriculum politicization"> curriculum politicization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=history%20curriculum" title=" history curriculum"> history curriculum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=National%20University" title=" National University"> National University</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching-learning%20method" title=" teaching-learning method"> teaching-learning method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65955/impact-of-curriculum-politicization-on-the-teaching-learning-process-in-patriotism-building-compulsory-history-courses-in-bangladeshs-higher-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65955.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">74</span> Pedagogy of the Oppressed: Fifty Years Later. Implications for Policy and Reforms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Ibrahim%20Alladin">Mohammad Ibrahim Alladin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Pedagogy of the Oppressed by Paulo Freire was first published in 1970. Since its publication it has become one of most cited book in the social sciences. Over a million copies have been sold worldwide. The Pedagogy of the Oppressed by Paulo Freire was published in 1970 (New York: Herder and Herder), The book has caused a “revolution” in the education world and his theory has been examined and analysed. It has influenced educational policy, curriculum development and teacher education. The revolution started half a century ago. “Paolo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed develops a theory of education fitted to the needs of the disenfranchised and marginalized members of capitalist societies. Combining educational and political philosophy, the book offers an analysis of oppression and a theory of liberation. Freire believes that traditional education serves to support the dominance of the powerful within society and thereby maintain the powerful’s social, political, and economic status quo. To overcome the oppression endemic to an exploitative society, education must be remade to inspire and enable the oppressed in their struggle for liberation. This new approach to education focuses on consciousness-raising, dialogue, and collaboration between teacher and student in the effort to achieve greater humanization for all. For Freire, education is political and functions either to preserve the current social order or to transform it. The theories of education and revolutionary action he offers in Pedagogy of the Oppressed are addressed educators committed to the struggle for liberation from oppression. Freire’s own commitment to this struggle developed through years of teaching literacy to Brazilian and Chilean peasants and laborers. His efforts at educational and political reform resulted in a brief period of imprisonment followed exile from his native Brazil for fifteen years. In Pedagogy of the Oppressed begins Freire asserts the importance of consciousness-raising, or conscientização, as the means enabling the oppressed to recognize their oppression and commit to the effort to overcome it, taking full responsibility for themselves in the struggle for liberation. He addresses the “fear of freedom,” which inhibits the oppressed from assuming this responsibility. He also cautions against the dangers of sectarianism, which can undermine the revolutionary purpose as well as serve as a refuge for the committed conservative. Freire provides an alternative view of education by attacking tradition education and knowledge. He is highly critical of how is imparted and how knowledge is structured that limits the learner’s thinking. Hence, education becomes oppressive and school functions as an institution of social control. Since its publication, education has gone through a series of reforms and in some areas total transformation. This paper addresses the following: The role of education in social transformation The teacher/learner relationship :Critical thinking The paper essentially examines what happened in the last fifty years since Freire’s book. It seeks to explain what happened to Freire’s education revolution, and what is the status of the movement that started almost fifty years ago. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedagogy" title="pedagogy">pedagogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reform" title=" reform"> reform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curriculum" title=" curriculum"> curriculum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teacher%20education" title=" teacher education"> teacher education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158768/pedagogy-of-the-oppressed-fifty-years-later-implications-for-policy-and-reforms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158768.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">73</span> Negotiated Peace in Africa: A Case Study on the Pretoria Peace Deal between Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and Tigray Peoples Liberation Front</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Gidey">Daniel Gidey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kunwar%20Siddarth%20Dadhwal"> Kunwar Siddarth Dadhwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tagel%20Wondimu"> Tagel Wondimu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are numerous ways for ending conflict; hitherto, most conflicts are resolved either through negotiated or victor's peace, this article is about the former. Negotiations entail concessions, consensus-building, and mutual trust in order to transform a belligerent situation into a settlement. In such a context, regional and sub-regional organizations play a critical role in mediating conflicting parties so as to prevent, manage, and resolve conflicts between and among conflicting parties. This article is about the AU-led negotiated peace deal on the bloody conflict between the Tigray Peoples Liberation Front (TPLF) and the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) by undertaking the Pretoria Peace Accord as a case study. In terms of research method, the article is based on a critical evaluation of the literature and content analysis on the very research topic. Findings of the study revealed that the AU, through Olusegun Obasanjo and other dignitaries, played a critical role in nurturing compromise and mutual trust between the TPLF and the Ethiopian federal government so as to take along the Pretoria peace deal. Through critical literature review and content analysis of the Peace deal, the article has concluded that negotiated peace is likely, at least, to achieve negative peace. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20organizations" title="regional organizations">regional organizations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peace%20promotion" title=" peace promotion"> peace promotion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=African%20Union" title=" African Union"> African Union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negotiating%20conflicts" title=" negotiating conflicts"> negotiating conflicts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Northern%20Ethiopia" title=" Northern Ethiopia"> Northern Ethiopia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conflict%20resolution" title=" conflict resolution"> conflict resolution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183816/negotiated-peace-in-africa-a-case-study-on-the-pretoria-peace-deal-between-federal-democratic-republic-of-ethiopia-and-tigray-peoples-liberation-front" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183816.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">72</span> Women's Liberation: A Study of the Movement in Saudi Arabia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachel%20Hasan">Rachel Hasan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has witnessed various significant social and political developments in 2018. Crown Prince of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Muhammad bin Salman, also serving as Deputy Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia, has made several social, cultural, and political changes in the country under his grand National Transformation Program. Program provides a vision of more economically viable, culturally liberal, and politically pleasant Saudi Arabia. One of the most significant and ground breaking changes that has been made under this program is awarding women the long awaited rights. Legislative changes are made to allow woman to drive. Seemingly basic on surface but driving rights to women represent much deeper meaning to the culture of Saudi Arabia and to the world outside. Ever since this right is awarded to the women, world media is interpreting this change in various colors. This paper aims to investigate the portrayal of gender rights in various online media publications and websites. The methodology applied has been quantitative content analysis method to analyze the various aspects of media's coverage of various social and cultural changes with reference to women's rights. For the purpose of research, convenience sampling was done for eight international online articles from media websites. The articles discussed the lifting of ban for females on driving cars in Saudi Arabia as well as gender development for these women. These articles were analyzed for media frames, and various categories of analysis were developed, which highlighted the stance that was observed. Certain terms were conceptualized and operationalized and were also explained for better understanding of the context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20rights" title="gender rights">gender rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media%20coverage" title=" media coverage"> media coverage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20change" title=" political change"> political change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%27s%20liberation" title=" women's liberation"> women's liberation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119867/womens-liberation-a-study-of-the-movement-in-saudi-arabia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119867.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">71</span> The Basic Teachings of the Buddha</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhaddiya%20Tanchangya">Bhaddiya Tanchangya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article discusses the Four Noble Truths, the foundational teachings of Buddhism, and their significance to Buddhist philosophy. The Four Noble Truths are the Noble Truth of Suffering, the Noble Truth of the Cause of Suffering, the Noble Truth of the End of Suffering, and the Noble Truth of the Path Leading to the End of Suffering. The first truth, the Noble Truth of Suffering, explains that suffering or dukkha is an inherent part of existence, including emotional, physical, and existential forms of suffering, including the Five Aggregates, which refer to the five components that make up a sentient being's experience of existence, as they are all conditioned, interdependent, subject to the Three Characteristics of Existence: impermanence, unsatisfactoriness and emptiness. The second truth, the Noble Truth of the Cause of Suffering, states that craving or attachment to the sensory experiences of the Five Aggregates leads to suffering and identifies three types of craving: craving for sensual pleasures, craving for existence, and craving for non-existence. Through the doctrine of Dependent Origination (Paṭiccasamuppāda), the Buddha graphically shows how the entire process of suffering arises and ceases. The third truth, the Noble Truth of the End of Suffering, asserts that there is a way to end suffering and attain a state of liberation called Nibbāna that marks the end of the cycle of birth and death by removing that very craving towards the sensory experiences by cultivating the Noble Eightfold Path. The fourth truth, the Noble Truth of the Path Leading to the End of Suffering, describes the Noble Eightfold Path, a set of guidelines to develop insight and wisdom to overcome craving and attachment and attain liberation from suffering. The article emphasizes that the Four Noble Truths are universal, applicable to all people regardless of culture, background, or beliefs, and form the foundation of Buddhist philosophy and practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=four%20noble%20truths" title="four noble truths">four noble truths</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impermanence" title=" impermanence"> impermanence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suffering" title=" suffering"> suffering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=not-self-ness" title=" not-self-ness"> not-self-ness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interconnectedness" title=" interconnectedness"> interconnectedness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emptiness" title=" emptiness"> emptiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morality" title=" morality"> morality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentration" title=" concentration"> concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wisdom" title=" wisdom"> wisdom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nirvana" title=" nirvana"> nirvana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=happiness" title=" happiness"> happiness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166176/the-basic-teachings-of-the-buddha" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">70</span> Foundations for Global Interactions: The Theoretical Underpinnings of Understanding Others</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Randall%20E.%20Osborne">Randall E. Osborne</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a course on International Psychology, 8 theoretical perspectives (Critical Psychology, Liberation Psychology, Post-Modernism, Social Constructivism, Social Identity Theory, Social Reduction Theory, Symbolic Interactionism, and Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory) are used as a framework for getting students to understand the concept of and need for Globalization. One of critical psychology's main criticisms of conventional psychology is that it fails to consider or deliberately ignores the way power differences between social classes and groups can impact the mental and physical well-being of individuals or groups of people. Liberation psychology, also known as liberation social psychology or psicología social de la liberación, is an approach to psychological science that aims to understand the psychology of oppressed and impoverished communities by addressing the oppressive sociopolitical structure in which they exist. Postmodernism is largely a reaction to the assumed certainty of scientific, or objective, efforts to explain reality. It stems from a recognition that reality is not simply mirrored in human understanding of it, but rather, is constructed as the mind tries to understand its own particular and personal reality. Lev Vygotsky argued that all cognitive functions originate in, and must therefore be explained as products of social interactions and that learning was not simply the assimilation and accommodation of new knowledge by learners. Social Identity Theory discusses the implications of social identity for human interactions with and assumptions about other people. Social Identification Theory suggests people: (1) categorize—people find it helpful (humans might be perceived as having a need) to place people and objects into categories, (2) identify—people align themselves with groups and gain identity and self-esteem from it, and (3) compare—people compare self to others. Social reductionism argues that all behavior and experiences can be explained simply by the affect of groups on the individual. Symbolic interaction theory focuses attention on the way that people interact through symbols: words, gestures, rules, and roles. Meaning evolves from human their interactions in their environment and with people. Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory of human learning describes learning as a social process and the origination of human intelligence in society or culture. The major theme of Vygotsky’s theoretical framework is that social interaction plays a fundamental role in the development of cognition. This presentation will discuss how these theoretical perspectives are incorporated into a course on International Psychology, a course on the Politics of Hate, and a course on the Psychology of Prejudice, Discrimination and Hate to promote student thinking in a more ‘global’ manner. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=globalization" title="globalization">globalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20psychology" title=" international psychology"> international psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=society%20and%20culture" title=" society and culture"> society and culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20interculturally" title=" teaching interculturally"> teaching interculturally</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53474/foundations-for-global-interactions-the-theoretical-underpinnings-of-understanding-others" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53474.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">69</span> An Investigation into the Ideological Facets Involved in Western Interpretations of the History of Communism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Stoutenburg">Anna Stoutenburg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the rise of the so-called 'new left' within the United States, marked by social democratic figures such as Bernie Sanders and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, significant questions have been raised in response to those who would identify with the term 'socialist'. These queries typically revolve around the negatively perceived legacy of past and present countries that share the term in question, with the stark conclusion that not only is socialism a structure that does not work economically, but that it also tends to inflict more harm on those living under it that would be endured in a country functioning under capitalism. In order to examine these claims, the goal of this paper is to examine the legacy of anti-communist historiography in a western context, with the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, China, and modern Venezuela used as case studies for how this phenomenon operates. Not only will key portions of each nation’s history be re-examined, but there will also be a critical analysis of source cultivation and usage among western historians. The intent of this paper is not merely to deride previous attempts at historicizing and reporting on the events of the nations, but rather to attempt to glean a clearer picture that is free from anti-communist sentiments. Theoretical works that will be consulted in order to define this project are 'The Historiography of Communism' by Michael Brown, as well as 'Beyond Philosophy: Ethics, History, Marxism, and Liberation Theology' by Enrique Dussel. The latter will provide insights concerning why these questions are relevant in a larger context, namely by articulating how the means of liberation understood through an analectic method can be achieved structurally. For a majority of leftists, this question is integral, and by using history as a tool, the ways that political organizing can be used can be better understood, bridging the gap between the common assumption that the communist legacy is a dire one and the idea that it is something which needs to be completely lauded. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-communism" title="anti-communism">anti-communism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=history" title=" history"> history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ideology" title=" ideology"> ideology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marxism" title=" Marxism"> Marxism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108621/an-investigation-into-the-ideological-facets-involved-in-western-interpretations-of-the-history-of-communism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108621.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">68</span> Calculating Asphaltenes Precipitation Onset Pressure by Using Cardanol as Precipitation Inhibitor: A Strategy to Increment the Oil Well Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Camilo%20A.%20Guerrero-Martin">Camilo A. Guerrero-Martin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erik%20Montes%20Paez"> Erik Montes Paez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcia%20C.%20K.%20Oliveira"> Marcia C. K. Oliveira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonathan%20Campos"> Jonathan Campos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elizabete%20F.%20Lucas"> Elizabete F. Lucas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Asphaltenes precipitation is considered as a formation damage problem, which can reduce the oil recovery factor. It fouls piping and surface installations, as well as cause serious flow assurance complications and decline oil well production. Therefore, researchers have shown an interest in chemical treatments to control this phenomenon. The aim of this paper is to assess the asphaltenes precipitation onset of crude oils in the presence of cardanol, by titrating the crude with n-heptane. Moreover, based on this results obtained at atmosphere pressure, the asphaltenes precipitation onset pressure were calculated to predict asphaltenes precipitation in the reservoir, by using differential liberation and refractive index data of the oils. The influence of cardanol concentrations in the asphaltenes stabilization of three Brazilian crude oils samples (with similar API densities) was studied. Therefore, four formulations of cardanol in toluene were prepared: 0, 3, 5, 10 and 15 m/m%. The formulations were added to the crude at 2:98 ratio. The petroleum samples were characterized by API density, elemental analysis and differential liberation test. The asphaltenes precipitation onset (APO) was determined by titrating with n-heptane and monitoring with near-infrared (NIR). UV-Vis spectroscopy experiments were also done to assess the precipitate asphaltenes content. The asphaltenes precipitation envelopes (APE) were also determined by numerical simulation (Multiflash). In addition, the adequate artificial lift systems (ALS) for the oils were selected. It was based on the downhole well profile and a screening methodology. Finally, the oil flowrates were modelling by NODAL analysis production system in the PIPESIM software. The results of this study show that the asphaltenes precipitation onset of the crude oils were 2.2, 2.3 and 6.0 mL of n-heptane/g of oil. The cardanol was an effective inhibitor of asphaltenes precipitation for the crude oils used in this study, since it displaces the precipitation pressure of the oil to lower values. This indicates that cardanol can increase the oil wells productivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asphaltenes" title="asphaltenes">asphaltenes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NODAL%20analysis%20production%20system" title=" NODAL analysis production system"> NODAL analysis production system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precipitation%20pressure%20onset" title=" precipitation pressure onset"> precipitation pressure onset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibitory%20molecule" title=" inhibitory molecule"> inhibitory molecule</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83321/calculating-asphaltenes-precipitation-onset-pressure-by-using-cardanol-as-precipitation-inhibitor-a-strategy-to-increment-the-oil-well-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> The Effectiveness of Insider Mediation for Sustainable Peace: A Case Study in Mindanao, the Philippines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miyoko%20Taniguchi">Miyoko Taniguchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conflict and violence have prevailed over the last four decades in conflict-affected areas in Muslim Mindanao, despite the signing of several peace agreements between the Philippine government and Islamic separatist insurgents (the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)), and peacebuilding activities on the ground. In the meantime, the peace talks had been facilitated and mediated by international actors such as the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and its member countries such as Indonesia, and Malaysia, and Japan. In 2014, both the Government of the Philippines (GPH) and the MILF finally reached a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CAB) in 2014 under the Aquino III administration, though a Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) based on the CAB was not enacted at the Catholic-majority of the Philippine Congress. After a long process of deliberations at the Congress, Republic Act 11054, known as the Bangsamoro Organic Law (BOL), was enacted in 2018 under the Duterate administration. In the beginning, President Duterte adopted an 'inclusive approach' that involves the MILF, all factions of the MNLF, non-Islamized indigenous peoples, and other influential clan leaders to align all peace processes under a single Bangsamoro peace process. A notable difference from past administrations, there is an explicit recognition of all agreements and legislations based on the rights of each stakeholder. This created a new identity as 'Bangsamoro', the residents of Muslim Mindanao, enhancing political legitimacy. Besides, it should be noted an important role of 'insider mediators' -a platform for the Bangsamoro from diverse sectors attempting to work within their respective organizations in Moro society. Give the above background, this paper aims at probing the effectiveness of insider mediation as one of the alternative approaches for mediation in the peace process. For the objectives, this research uses qualitative methods such as process-tracing and semi-structured interviews from diverse groups of stakeholders at from the state to the regional level, including the government officials involved in peace process under the Presidential Office, rebels (MILF and MNLF), civil society organizations involved in lobbying and facilitating peace process, especially in the legislative process. The key outcomes and findings are that the Insider Mediators Group, formed in 2016, had taken on a significant role in facilitating the achievement of a wider consensus among stakeholders on major Moro issues such as BBL’s passing during the last administration to call for unity among the Bangsamoro. Most of its members are well-educated professionals affiliated with the MILF, the MNLF, and influential clans. One of the group’s biggest achievements has been the lobbying and provision of legal advice to legislators who were not necessarily knowledgeable about the peace process during the deliberation of the bicameral conference of the BBL, which eventually led to its passage. It can be concluded that in the long run, strengthening vertical and horizontal relations between the Moro society and the State and among the Moro peoples that can be viewed as a means to sustainable peace. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insider%20mediation" title="insider mediation">insider mediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mindanao" title=" Mindanao"> Mindanao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peace%20process" title=" peace process"> peace process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moro%20Islamic%20liberation%20front" title=" Moro Islamic liberation front"> Moro Islamic liberation front</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117971/the-effectiveness-of-insider-mediation-for-sustainable-peace-a-case-study-in-mindanao-the-philippines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117971.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> Sufism and Social Justice: Embodied Love in Action</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazal%20Abdul%20Nasar%20RP">Nazal Abdul Nasar RP</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores the intersection of Sufism and social justice, examining how Sufi principles and practices inform and inspire activism, community engagement, and advocacy for human rights. Drawing on Islamic mystical texts, contemporary Sufi movements, and critical theory, this study argues that Sufism's emphasis on love, compassion, and unity provides a powerful framework for addressing systemic oppression and promoting collective liberation. Sufism, Islamic mysticism has long emphasized the importance of love, compassion, and unity. This paper explores how these principles can inform social justice work, particularly in the context of contemporary activism. Sufi teachings on ma'rifa (spiritual knowledge) emphasize the importance of spiritual awareness and self-reflection in social justice work. Fana (annihilation) informs strategies for addressing privilege and oppression by emphasizing ego annihilation and humility. Tawhid (unity) underlies efforts to build inclusive, equitable communities. Case studies of Sufi-inspired activism in the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia demonstrate the potential of Sufi principles to inform social justice work. Examples include Sufi-led protests and grassroots organizing in Egypt and Turkey, Sufi women's empowerment initiatives in Morocco and Tunisia, and Sufi-inspired environmental activism in India and Pakistan. This research demonstrates the potential of Sufi principles to inform and inspire social justice activism. By embodying love, compassion, and unity, activists can address systemic oppression and promote collective liberation. The implications of this research include interfaith dialogue, community building, and activism. Future directions include integrating Sufi principles with critical theory, examining additional Sufi-inspired activism globally, and developing practical guidelines for Sufi-inspired social justice activism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sufism" title="sufism">sufism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20justice" title=" social justice"> social justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islamic%20mysticism" title=" islamic mysticism"> islamic mysticism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ego%20annihilation" title=" ego annihilation"> ego annihilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=love" title=" love"> love</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unity" title=" unity"> unity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193112/sufism-and-social-justice-embodied-love-in-action" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193112.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">17</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> The Representation of Women in Iraq: Gender Wage Gap and the Position of Women within Iraqi Society</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanaa%20Sameen%20Ameen%20Bajilan">Hanaa Sameen Ameen Bajilan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human rights should be protected and promoted without regard to race, ethnicity, religion, political philosophy, or sexual orientation, following our firm convictions. Thus, any infringement of these rights or disdain for; any use of violence against women undermines the principles and human values of equality and endangers the entire society, including its potential to live in peace and to make growth and development. This paper represents the condition of the new Iraqi women regarding issues such as the gender wage gap, education, health, and violence against women. The study aims to determine the impact of traditions and customs on the legal position of Iraqi women. First, it seeks to assess the effects of culture as a historical agency on the legal status of Iraqi women. Second, the influence of cultural developments in the later part of the twentieth century on Iraqi women's legal standing, and third, the importance of cultural variety as a progressive cultural component in women's legal position. Finally, the study highlights the representation of women in Iraq: Gender wage Gap, Women's liberation between culture and law, and the role of women within Iraqi society based on an Iraqi novel named (Orange Light) in Arabic: برتقالو ضو. in her book, the Iraqi writer Nadia Al-Abru succeeds in portraying the post-war society's devotion to the sexual, emotional and mental marginalization of women in terms of the value of attendance. Since the study of Iraqi women's literature in Arabic-English translation is a new avenue of research that contributes to all three areas, this investigation aims to establish critical lines of engagement between contemporary Iraqi women's literature in English translation and feminist translation conceptual frameworks, and this is accomplished by first focusing on why analyzing Iraqi women writers' novels in Arabic-English translation is a timeline of inquiry that contributes to existing and emerging knowledge fields concerning Iraqi women writers' contemporary critical contexts and scholarship on Arab women's literature in Arabic-English translation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20in%20%C4%B0raq" title="women in İraq">women in İraq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equality" title=" equality"> equality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violence" title=" violence"> violence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20wage%20gap" title=" gender wage gap"> gender wage gap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20%20Al-Abru" title=" Nadia Al-Abru"> Nadia Al-Abru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%28orange%20light%29" title=" (orange light)"> (orange light)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%27s%20liberation" title=" women's liberation"> women's liberation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C4%B0raqi%20women%27s%20literature" title=" İraqi women's literature"> İraqi women's literature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=""></a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162032/the-representation-of-women-in-iraq-gender-wage-gap-and-the-position-of-women-within-iraqi-society" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162032.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> Kanga Traditional Costume as a Tool for Community Empowerment in Tanzania in Ubuntu perspective - A Literature Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meinrad%20Haule%20Lembuka">Meinrad Haule Lembuka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Ubuntu culture represents African humanism with collective and positive feeling of people living together, interdependence, equally and peaceful etc. Overtime, Ubuntu culture developed varieties of communicative strategies to express experiences, feelings and knowledge. Khanga or kanga (garment) is among the Ubuntu cultural practice of Bantu speaking people along the East African coast following interaction with Arabs and Bantu speaking people to formulate Swahili culture. Kanga or Kanga is a Swahili word which means a traditional soft cotton cloths in varieties of colours, patterns, and styles which as a deep cultural, historical, and social significance not only in Tanzania but the rest of East African coast. Swahili culture is a sub culture of Ubuntu African culture which is rich in customs and rituals that serve to preserve goodness and life where Tanzania, like the rest of East African societies along the Indian coast engaged in kanga dressing custom under Swahili culture to express their feelings and knowledge sharing. After the independence of Tanzania (formerly Tanganyika) from British colonial rule, Kanga traditional dressing gained momentum in Swahili culture and spread to the rest of East Africa and beyond. To date kanga dressing holds a good position as a formal and informal tool for advocating marginalised groups, counselling, psychosocial therapy, liberation, compassion, love, justice, campaign, and cerebration etc. Methodology: A literature review method was guided by Ubuntu theory to assess the implications of kanga traditional dressing in empowering Tanzanian community. Findings: During slavery, slaves wore Kaniki and people despised Kaniki dressing due to its association with slavery. Ex-slave women seeking to become part of the Swahili society began to decorate their Kaniki clothes. After slavery was abolished in 1897, Kangas began to be used for self-empowerment and to indicate that the wearer had personal wealth. During colonial era, freedom of expressions for Africans were restricted by colonial masters thus Tanzanians used kanga to express the evils of colonialism and other social problems, Under Ubuntu value of unity and solidarity liberation and independence fighters crafted motto and liberation messages that were shared and spread rapidly in the community. Political parities like TANU used kanga to spread nationalism and Ujamaa policy. kanga is more than a piece of fabric-it is a space for women to voice unspeakable communication and a women-centred repository for indigenous knowledge, feminisms addressing social ills, happiness, campaigns, memories and reconciliation etc. Kanga provides an indirect voice and support vulnerable and marginalised populations and strongly it has proved to be a peaceful platform of capture attention of government and societies. Kanga textiles gained increased international fame when an Obama kanga design was produced upon the president’s election in 2008 and his visit to Tanzania in 2013. Conclusion: Kanga preserves and symbolises Swahili culture and contributes in realization of social justice, inclusion, national identity and unity. As an inclusive cultural tool, Kanga spread across Africa to international community and the practice has moved from being a woman domination dressing code to other sex orientations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=African%20culture" title="African culture">African culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanga" title=" Kanga"> Kanga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=khanga" title=" khanga"> khanga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swahili%20culture" title=" swahili culture"> swahili culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ubuntu" title=" ubuntu"> ubuntu</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172583/kanga-traditional-costume-as-a-tool-for-community-empowerment-in-tanzania-in-ubuntu-perspective-a-literature-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172583.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Aging Among Older Immigrant Women</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michele%20Charpentier">Michele Charpentier</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article examines the experiences of aging of older immigrant women. The data are based on qualitative research that was conducted in Quebec/Canada with 83 elderly women from different ethno-cultural backgrounds (Arab, African, Haitian, Japanese, Chinese, Portuguese, Romanian, etc.). The results on how such immigrant women deal with material conditions of existence such as deskilling, aging alone, being more economically independent and the combined effects of liberation from social and family norms associated with age and gender in the light of the migration route, will be presented. For the majority, migration opened up possibilities for personal development and self-affirmation. The findings demonstrated the relevance of the intersectional approach in understanding the complexity and social conditionings of women’s experiences of aging. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=older%20immigrant%20women" title="older immigrant women">older immigrant women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qualitative%20research" title=" qualitative research"> qualitative research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiences%20of%20aging" title=" experiences of aging"> experiences of aging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intersectional%20approach" title=" intersectional approach"> intersectional approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178996/aging-among-older-immigrant-women" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178996.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">52</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> Transgender Practices as Queer Politics: African a Variant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adekeye%20Joshua%20Temitope">Adekeye Joshua Temitope</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> “Transgender” presents a complexion of ambiguity in the African context and it remains a contested topography in the discourse of sexual identity. The casts and stigmatisations towards transgender unveils vital facts and intricacies often ignored in the academic communities; the problems and oppressions of given sex/gender system, the constrain of monogamy and ignorance of fluidity of human sexuality thereby generating dual discords of “enforced heterosexual” and “unavoidable homosexual.” The African culture voids transgender movements and perceive same-sex sexual behavior as “taboo or bad habits” and this provide reasonable explanations for the failure of asserting for the sexual rights in GLBT movement in most discourse on sexuality in the African context. However, we could not deny the real existence of active flowing and fluidity of human sexuality even though its variants could be latent. The incessant consciousness of the existence of transgender practices in Africa either in form of bisexual desire or bisexual behavior with or without sexual identity, including people who identify themselves as bisexual opens up the vision for us to reconsider and reexamine what constitutes such ambiguity and controversy of transgender identity at present time. The notion of identity politics in gay, lesbian, and transgender community has its complexity and debates in its historical development. This paper analyses the representation of the historical trajectory of transgender practices by presenting the dynamic transition of how people cognize transgender practices under different historical conditions since the understanding of historical transition of bisexual practices would be very crucial and meaningful for gender/sexuality liberation movement at present time and in the future. The paper did a juxtaposition of the trajectories of bisexual practices between Anglo-American world and Africa, as it has certain similarities and differences within diverse historical complexities. The similar condition is the emergence of gay identity under the influence of capitalism but within different cultural context. Therefore, the political economy of each cultural context plays very important role in understanding the formation of sexual identities historically and its development and influence for the GLBT movement afterwards and in the future. By reexamining Kinsey’s categorization and applying Klein’s argument on individual’s sexual orientation this paper is poised to break the given and fixed connection among sexual behavior/sexual orientation/sexual identity, on the other hand to present the potential fluidity of human sexuality by reconsidering and reexamining the present given sex/gender system in our world. The paper concludes that it is obligatory for the essentialist and exclusionary trend at this historical moment since gay and lesbian communities in Africa need to clearly demonstrate and voice for themselves under the nuances of gender/sexuality liberation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterosexual" title="heterosexual">heterosexual</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homosexual" title=" homosexual"> homosexual</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity%20politics" title=" identity politics"> identity politics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=queer%20politics" title=" queer politics"> queer politics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transgender" title=" transgender"> transgender</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27094/transgender-practices-as-queer-politics-african-a-variant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27094.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> The Moderating Effect of Intellectual Capital on the Relationship of Innovation Practices in SME’s Performance </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussen%20Nasir">Hussen Nasir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Fitri%20Mansor"> Mohd Fitri Mansor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noor%20Hidayah%20Abu"> Noor Hidayah Abu </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Liberation of the SME market led to a dynamic competitive business environment. SMEs are considered as an engine for economic growth of most nations. SMEs must be willing to adopt the latest technology and incorporate innovation as part of their business strategies. The aim of this study is to examine the innovation practices (innovation strategy and innovation culture) towards sustaining SME’s performance and the moderating effect of intellectual capital on the relationship of innovation practices on SME’s performance. The study will identify the strongest variables that influence the SMEs performance and proposed several hypothesis toward innovation and intellectual capital. Finally, the study will propose a theoretical framework. The current study will contribute to the knowledge of important on the element of intellectual capital as well as innovation practices in the SMEs performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20capital" title="intellectual capital">intellectual capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation%20practices" title=" innovation practices"> innovation practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SMEs" title=" SMEs"> SMEs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation%20strategy" title=" innovation strategy"> innovation strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation%20culture" title=" innovation culture "> innovation culture </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19706/the-moderating-effect-of-intellectual-capital-on-the-relationship-of-innovation-practices-in-smes-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19706.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">471</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Landmines and the Postcolonial Security Discourse in Zimbabwe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fradreck%20Jockonia%20Mujuru">Fradreck Jockonia Mujuru</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effects of landmine residues from the Zimbabwean liberation war are persisting. Landmines are violently maiming and killing people and animals, causing certain areas inaccessible for agriculture and habitation, instilling fear, and even inducing forced migration. A significant gap in landmines literature is that they are mainly treated as a humanitarian issue and less scholarly. This paper engaged in theorising landmines using postcolonial literature as an epistemology. The results exhibit three issues. One, postcolonial literature provides a timeframe, a process, a space, and an attitude towards modernity on the inquiry of landmines. Two, landmines are understood in the context of war and were further decolonised to pick unique principles studied. Lastly, some of the unique principles found in landmines after decolonising are their ability to provide surveillance, repression and violent fate to all who cross the set boundaries. Therefore, theorising landmines can also be pushed further to be understood through repression. This article concluded that landmines can be theorised outside mainstream International Relations theories using postcolonial literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landmines" title="landmines">landmines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postcolonial" title=" postcolonial"> postcolonial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repression" title=" repression"> repression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violence" title=" violence"> violence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160479/landmines-and-the-postcolonial-security-discourse-in-zimbabwe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160479.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> The Economic Implications of Cryptocurrency and Its Potential to Disrupt Traditional Financial Systems as a Store of Value</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20L.%20Rithika">G. L. Rithika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arvind%20B.%20S."> Arvind B. S.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akash%20R."> Akash R.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ananda%20Vinayak"> Ananda Vinayak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hema%20M.%20S."> Hema M. S.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cryptocurrencies were first launched in the year 2009 and have been a great asset to own. Cryptocurrencies are a representation of a completely distinct decentralization model for money. They also contribute to the elimination of currency monopolies and the liberation of money from control. The fact that no government agency can determine a coin's value or flow is what cryptocurrency advocates believe makes them safe and secure. The aim of this paper is to analyze the economic implications of cryptocurrency and how it would disrupt traditional financial systems. This paper analyses the growth of Cryptocurrency over the years and the potential threats of cryptocurrency to financial systems. Our analysis shows that although the DeFi design, like the traditional financial system, may have the ability to lower transaction costs, there are multiple layers where rents might build up because of endogenous competition limitations. The permissionless and anonymous design of DeFi poses issues for ensuring tax compliance, anti-money laundering laws and regulations, and preventing financial misconduct. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryptocurrencies" title="cryptocurrencies">cryptocurrencies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bitcoin" title=" bitcoin"> bitcoin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain%20technology" title=" blockchain technology"> blockchain technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20financial%20systems" title=" traditional financial systems"> traditional financial systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decentralisation" title=" decentralisation"> decentralisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regulatory%20framework" title=" regulatory framework"> regulatory framework</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184313/the-economic-implications-of-cryptocurrency-and-its-potential-to-disrupt-traditional-financial-systems-as-a-store-of-value" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184313.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">50</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liberation&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liberation&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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