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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ensaluti</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Paĝoj por elsalutitaj redaktistoj <a href="/wiki/Helpo:Enkonduko" aria-label="Lernu pli pri redaktado"><span>Lernu pli</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Miaj_kontribuoj" title="Listo de redaktoj faritaj el ĉi tiu IPa adreso [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribuoj</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Mia_diskutpa%C4%9Do" title="Diskuto pri redaktoj sub tiu ĉi IP adreso [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuto</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Retejo"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Enhavo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Enhavo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gruntbovo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Iru al artikolo en alia lingvo. Havebla en 57 lingvo" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 lingvoj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gedomestikeerde_jak" title="Gedomestikeerde jak — afrikansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gedomestikeerde jak" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bos_grunniens" title="Bos grunniens — aragona" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bos grunniens" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81" title="قطاس أليف — araba" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قطاس أليف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BA" title="Як — avara" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Як" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spikol_(Bos_grunniens)" title="Spikol (Bos grunniens) — Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Spikol (Bos grunniens)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yak" title="Yak — azerbajĝana" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yak" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajĝana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="قوتاز — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قوتاز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%8F%D0%BA" title="Свойскі як — belorusa" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Свойскі як" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belorusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BA" title="Як — bulgara" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Як" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87" title="চমরী গাই — bengala" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চমরী গাই" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%82" title="གཡག — tibeta" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གཡག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibeta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yak" title="Yak — bretona" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yak" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iac" title="Iac — kataluna" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Iac" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataluna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bos_grunniens" title="Bos grunniens — cebua" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bos grunniens" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%AF%E1%8E%A6" title="ᏯᎦ — ĉeroka" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏯᎦ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="ĉeroka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DA%95%DA%AF%D8%A7" title="زڕگا — sorana" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زڕگا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jak_dom%C3%A1c%C3%AD" title="Jak domácí — ĉeĥa" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jak domácí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ĉeĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iac" title="Iac — kimra" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Iac" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kimra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakokse" title="Yakokse — dana" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Yakokse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausyak" title="Hausyak — germana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hausyak" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA" title="Γιακ — greka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γιακ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yak" title="Yak — angla" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Yak" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jak" title="Jak — eŭska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="eŭska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%DA%98%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88" title="غژگاو — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="غژگاو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakki" title="Jakki — finna" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jakki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yack" title="Yack — franca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Yack" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geac" title="Geac — irlanda" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Geac" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="יאק הבית — hebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יאק הבית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="याक — hinda" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="याक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hinda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1zi_jak" title="Házi jak — hungara" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Házi jak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yak" title="Yak — indonezia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakuxi" title="Jakuxi — islanda" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jakuxi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bos_grunniens" title="Bos grunniens — itala" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bos grunniens" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A4%E3%82%AF" title="ヤク — japana" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヤク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%83%E0%B2%97" title="ಚಮರೀಮೃಗ — kanara" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚಮರೀಮೃಗ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%BC%ED%81%AC" title="야크 — korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="야크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yak_(taranak)" title="Yak (taranak) — minankabaŭa" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Yak (taranak)" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minankabaŭa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%81" title="ചമരിപ്പശു — malajalama" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചമരിപ്പശു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="याक — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="याक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yak" title="Yak — malaja" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Yak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88" title="घरपालुवा चौरी गाई — nepala" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="घरपालुवा चौरी गाई" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jak" title="Jak — nederlanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jak" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9%C3%A9gashii%CA%BCil%C3%AD" title="Béégashiiʼilí — navaha" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Béégashiiʼilí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%87%DA%A9" title="يهک — paŝtua" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="يهک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paŝtua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaque" title="Iaque — portugala" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Iaque" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%BA" title="Домашний як — rusa" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Домашний як" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_yak" title="Domestic yak — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Domestic yak" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doma%C4%8Di_jak" title="Domači jak — slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Domači jak" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="வளர்ப்பு யாக் — tamila" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வளர்ப்பு யாக்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%B2_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86" title="జడల బర్రె — telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జడల బర్రె" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evcil_yak" title="Evcil yak — turka" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Evcil yak" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Як домашній — ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Як домашній" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B2_T%C3%A2y_T%E1%BA%A1ng" title="Bò Tây Tạng — vjetnama" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bò Tây Tạng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bos_grunniens" title="Bos grunniens — varaja" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bos grunniens" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A6%E7%89%9B" title="牦牛 — vua" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="牦牛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A6%E7%89%9B" title="牦牛 — ĉina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="牦牛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ĉina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%82%E7%89%9B" title="氂牛 — kantona" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="氂牛" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13408062#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redakti interlingvajn ligilojn" class="wbc-editpage">Redakti ligilojn</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomspacoj"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gruntbovo" title="Vidi la artikolon [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikolo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskuto:Gruntbovo&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskuto pri la artikolo (paĝo ne ekzistas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskuto</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ŝanĝi lingvan varianton" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" 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[h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vidi historion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paĝaj iloj"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Iloj" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Iloj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header 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mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gruntbovo"><span>Legi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gruntbovo&veaction=edit" title="Redakti ĉi tiun paĝon [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redakti</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gruntbovo&action=edit" title="Redakti fontan kodon de tiu ĉi paĝo [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redakti fonton</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gruntbovo&action=history"><span>Vidi historion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ĝenerale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Kio_ligas_%C4%89i_tien%3F/Gruntbovo" title="Listo de ĉiuj vikiaj paĝoj kiuj ligas ĉi tien [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ligiloj ĉi tien</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Rilataj_%C5%9Dan%C4%9Doj/Gruntbovo" rel="nofollow" title="Lastaj ŝanĝoj en paĝoj kiuj ligas al ĉi tiu paĝo [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Rilataj ŝanĝoj</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eo" title="Alŝuti dosierojn [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Alŝuti dosieron</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Specialaj_pa%C4%9Doj" title="Listo de ĉiuj specialaj paĝoj [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialaj paĝoj</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gruntbovo&oldid=8775445" title="Porĉiama ligilo al ĉi versio de la paĝo"><span>Konstanta ligilo</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gruntbovo&action=info" title="Pli da informo pri ĉi tiu paĝo"><span>Informoj pri la paĝo</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Citi&page=Gruntbovo&id=8775445&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informoj pri kiel citi ĉi tiun paĝon"><span>Citi ĉi tiun artikolon</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feo.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGruntbovo"><span>Akiri mallongigitan URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feo.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGruntbovo"><span>Elŝutu QR-kodon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Presi/elporti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Gruntbovo"><span>Krei libron</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:DownloadAsPdf&page=Gruntbovo&action=show-download-screen"><span>Elŝuti kiel PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gruntbovo&printable=yes" title="Presebla versio de tiu ĉi paĝo [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Presebla versio</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En aliaj projektoj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bos_grunniens" hreflang="en"><span>Vikimedia Komunejo</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bos_grunniens" hreflang="en"><span>Vikispecioj</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13408062" title="Ligilo al konektita datuma ero [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Ero en Vikidatumoj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paĝaj iloj"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspekto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspekto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">El Vikipedio, la libera enciklopedio</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eo" dir="ltr"><table style="position:relative; background:white; width:23em; -moz-box-shadow: 4px 4px 4px #CCC; -webkit-box-shadow: 4px 4px 4px #CCC; box-shadow: 4px 4px 4px #CCC;" class="taxobox"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="background-color: pink; position:relative; display:block;" class="kaplinio animalo"><span style="position:absolute; right:0.2em; top:0.1em; font-size:70%;"><figure class="mw-default-size noresize" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kiel legi la taksonomion"><img alt="Kiel legi la taksonomion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Information-silk.svg/16px-Information-silk.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Information-silk.svg/24px-Information-silk.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Information-silk.svg/32px-Information-silk.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" usemap="#ImageMap_e935e2c72e583304" /></span><map name="ImageMap_e935e2c72e583304"><area href="/wiki/Vikipedio:Kiel_legi_la_taksonomion" shape="rect" coords="0,0,50,50" alt="Vikipedio:Kiel legi la taksonomion" title="Vikipedio:Kiel legi la taksonomion" /></map><figcaption>Kiel legi la taksonomion</figcaption></figure></span><b>Gruntbovo</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Yakinmeadow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Yakinmeadow.jpg/300px-Yakinmeadow.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Yakinmeadow.jpg/450px-Yakinmeadow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Yakinmeadow.jpg/600px-Yakinmeadow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span><br /><small><div style="text-align:center"></div></small> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="background-color: pink;"><b><a href="/wiki/Biologia_klasado" title="Biologia klasado">Biologia klasado</a></b> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td> <table style="margin:0 auto; text-align:left; background:white; border-collapse:separate; border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td>Regno: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animalo" class="mw-redirect" title="Animalo">Animaloj</a> <i>Animalia</i><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Filumo: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C4%A4ordulo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ĥordulo">Ĥorduloj</a> <i>Chordata</i><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Klaso: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mamulo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamulo">Mamuloj</a> <i>Mammalia</i><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Ordo: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parhufulo" class="mw-redirect" title="Parhufulo">Parhufuloj</a> <i>Artiodactyla</i><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Familio: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bovedoj" title="Bovedoj">Bovedoj</a> <i>Bovidae</i><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Subfamilio: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bovenoj" title="Bovenoj">Bovenoj</a> <i>Bovinae</i><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Genro: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bovo_(genro)" title="Bovo (genro)">Bovo</a> <i>Bos</i><br /><small></small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Specio: </td> <td><i><b>B. grunniens</b></i><br /><small></small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:pink"> <th style="background-color: pink;"><div style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Dunoma_nomenklaturo" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunoma nomenklaturo">Dunomo</a></div> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td><b><i><i>Bos grunniens</i></i></b><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolus Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/1766" title="1766">1766</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: pink;"><div style="text-align:center">Aliaj Vikimediaj projektoj</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" class="infoboximage"><div class="noprint toccolours" style="float:none;vertical-align: top; padding:0; font-size: 90%; text-align:center;"> <table style="background:transparent;"> <tbody><tr style="background:white; text-align:center; border-top:1px solid #aaa; font-size:x-small;"> <td width="1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="wikispecies:"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/20px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/30px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/40px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> </td> <td width="98%"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bos_grunniens" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Bos grunniens">Sistematiko en Vikispecioj</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" class="infoboximage"><div class="noprint toccolours" style="float:none;vertical-align: top; padding:0; font-size: 90%; text-align:center;"> <table style="background:transparent;"> <tbody><tr style="background:white; text-align:center; border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; font-size:x-small;"> <td width="1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="commons:"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/17px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/26px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/34px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td width="98%"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bos_grunniens" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bos grunniens">Komunejo pri Gruntbovo </a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr><td class="shangu-shablonon infoboximage" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:0"><div class="noprint toccolours" style="border:2px solid #a2a9b1;padding:5px;background-color:pink;color:black;font-size:xx-small;font-weight:normal"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13408062" title="d:Q13408062"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/15px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/23px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Projekto:%C5%9Cablonoj" title="Projekto:Ŝablonoj"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/15px-Information_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/23px-Information_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/30px-Information_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><span class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Cablono:Taksonomio" title="Ŝablono:Taksonomio">v</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Cablono-Diskuto:Taksonomio" title="Ŝablono-Diskuto:Taksonomio">d</a> • <a class="external text" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Cablono%3ATaksonomio&action=edit">r</a></span></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:In_Tibet,_yaks_are_decorated_and_honored_by_the_families_they_are_part_of.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/In_Tibet%2C_yaks_are_decorated_and_honored_by_the_families_they_are_part_of.jpg/314px-In_Tibet%2C_yaks_are_decorated_and_honored_by_the_families_they_are_part_of.jpg" decoding="async" width="314" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/In_Tibet%2C_yaks_are_decorated_and_honored_by_the_families_they_are_part_of.jpg/471px-In_Tibet%2C_yaks_are_decorated_and_honored_by_the_families_they_are_part_of.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/In_Tibet%2C_yaks_are_decorated_and_honored_by_the_families_they_are_part_of.jpg/628px-In_Tibet%2C_yaks_are_decorated_and_honored_by_the_families_they_are_part_of.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Gruntbovoj dekoritaj de <a href="/wiki/Svastiko" title="Svastiko">svastikaj</a> simboloj</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Yak_in_Nepal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="יאק בנפאל" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Yak_in_Nepal.jpg/308px-Yak_in_Nepal.jpg" decoding="async" width="308" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Yak_in_Nepal.jpg/462px-Yak_in_Nepal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Yak_in_Nepal.jpg/616px-Yak_in_Nepal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Gruntbovo</b> (<a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%ADso" title="Paŭso">paŭsaĵo</a> el la <a href="/wiki/Latina_lingvo" title="Latina lingvo">latina</a> <i>Bos grunniens</i>), <b>Gjako</b> (el la <a href="/wiki/Tibeta_lingvo" title="Tibeta lingvo">tibeta</a> གཡག), aŭ <b>Poefago</b> (el la <a href="/wiki/Greka_lingvo" title="Greka lingvo">greka</a> ποηφάγος, herbmanĝanto), estas granda <a href="/wiki/Rema%C4%89uloj" title="Remaĉuloj">remaĉulo</a> kun kovra hararo tre longa (40 cm ĝis 80 cm) kiu vivas en <a href="/wiki/Tibeto" title="Tibeto">Tibeto</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%88inghajo" title="Ĉinghajo">Ĉinghajo</a>, kaj eĉ en <a href="/wiki/Mongolio" title="Mongolio">Mongolio</a> kaj aliaj <a href="/wiki/Himalajo" title="Himalajo">himalajaj</a> landoj. El la <a href="/wiki/Ordo_(biologio)" title="Ordo (biologio)">ordo</a> <a href="/wiki/Parhufuloj" title="Parhufuloj">parhufuloj</a> kaj <a href="/wiki/Familio_(Biologio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Familio (Biologio)">familio</a> <a href="/wiki/Bovedoj" title="Bovedoj">bovedoj</a>, tiu <a href="/wiki/Specio_(biologio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Specio (biologio)">specio</a> estas konsiderata minacata pro sia malofteco. </p><p>La nomo originas de la fakto, ke ĝi estas dika bovo, kiu "gruntas" (t.e. kiu blekas kiel porko). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ĝeneralaĵoj"><span id=".C4.9Cenerala.C4.B5oj"></span>Ĝeneralaĵoj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gruntbovo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redakti sekcion: Ĝeneralaĵoj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gruntbovo&action=edit&section=1" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Ĝeneralaĵoj"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ĝi estas granda kaj fortika. La vira gruntbovo altas 2 <a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">m</a>. kaj pezas 500-600 <a href="/wiki/Kilogramo" title="Kilogramo">kg</a>. Ĝian tutan <a href="/wiki/Korpo" class="mw-disambig" title="Korpo">korpon</a> kovras densaj, maldelikataj kaj longaj nigrebrunaj <a href="/wiki/Haro" title="Haro">haroj</a>. La longaj haroj sur la brusto kaj <a href="/wiki/Abdomeno" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdomeno">abdomeno</a> preskaŭ tuŝas la teron. Nur ĉe la buŝo troviĝas malmulte da blankaj haroj. Gjakoj estas tipaj <a href="/wiki/Altebena%C4%B5o" title="Altebenaĵo">altebenaĵaj</a> bestoj, kiuj vivas en dezertoj kaj altaj montaroj. Somere ili aperas en lokoj 5 000-6 000 metrojn super la marnivelo, eĉ vintre ili ne malsupreniras al lokoj malpli ol 3 000 metrojn super la marnivelo. Ili ne timas <a href="/wiki/Frosto" title="Frosto">froston</a>, nek ventegon, nek <a href="/wiki/Ne%C4%9Do" title="Neĝo">neĝon</a>. Ili ŝatas vagadi ĉie kaj manĝi diversajn herbojn. Ili trinkas akvon somere kaj sensoifiĝas per neĝo kaj glacio vintre. Ĝenerale, gruntbovinoj kaj iliaj idoj agas en grupoj de dek ĝis cent, dum la plenkreskaj virbovoj vivas unuope aŭ 3-5-ope. La junaj virbovoj formas siajn proprajn grupojn. Korpe dikaj, la gruntbovoj tamen lertas en montgrimpado. Matene kaj vespere ili eliras serĉi manĝaĵon, tage ripozas aŭ dormas sur dezertaj montoj kaj krutaĵoj. Minacate, ili kolektiĝas kaj lasas bovidojn stari en la centro. Tiam la plenkreskaj virbovoj estas taskitaj por lukti kontraŭ malamiko. Gruntbovoj pariĝas aŭtune. Post gravedeco de 9-10 monatoj, la bovino naskas ĉiufoje unu idon, kiu maturiĝas post ĉirkaŭ du jaroj. Gruntbovoj havas delikatan flarsenten, kaj krome, ili vivas sur altaj montoj, tial ili estas malfacile kapteblaj. Laŭdire ĉirkaŭ 50 zooj de diversaj landoj havas gruntbovojn, sed ĉiuj montrataj estas hejmaj gjakoj. La hejma gruntbovo diferencas de la sovaĝa per siaj malpli grandaj korpo, <a href="/wiki/Hufo" title="Hufo">hufoj</a> kaj <a href="/wiki/Korno" class="mw-disambig" title="Korno">kornoj</a>, kiuj estas ne tiom forte kurbaj kiel tiuj de la sovaĝa. Krome la haroj de hejma gjako estas malpli longaj, kun pli da viloj; la koloro de la haroj estas hela, ofte kun blankaj aŭ sablokoloraj makuloj. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rilatoj_kun_homoj">Rilatoj kun homoj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gruntbovo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redakti sekcion: Rilatoj kun homoj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gruntbovo&action=edit&section=2" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Rilatoj kun homoj"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Dombesto" class="mw-redirect" title="Dombesto">Dombestaj</a> gruntbovoj estas bredataj dum miloj da jaroj, ĉefe pro sia <a href="/wiki/Lakto" title="Lakto">lakto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fibro" title="Fibro">fibro</a> kaj <a href="/wiki/Viando" title="Viando">viando</a>, kaj kiel <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Car%C4%9Dbesto" title="Ŝarĝbesto">ŝarĝbestoj</a>. Hejma gruntbovo estas ĉefa <a href="/wiki/Transporto" title="Transporto">transportilo</a> sur la Tibeta Altebenaĵo, tial oni honoris ĝin per la nomo "veturilo sur altebenaĵo". </p><p>Laŭ iliaj bezonoj, homoj bredas <a href="/wiki/Hibrido" title="Hibrido">hibridojn</a> inter gruntbovoj kaj <a href="/wiki/Bovo" title="Bovo">bovoj</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksteraj_ligiloj">Eksteraj ligiloj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gruntbovo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redakti sekcion: Eksteraj ligiloj" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gruntbovo&action=edit&section=3" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Eksteraj ligiloj"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" id="aliaj_projektoj" style="float: right; clear: right; width: 250px; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9;"> <ul class="noarchive"><li class="commons"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bos_grunniens?uselang=eo">Gruntbovo en la <span>Vikimedia Komunejo</span></a> (Multrimedaj datumoj)</span></li><li class="commons"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bos_grunniens?uselang=eo">Kategorio Gruntbovo en la <span>Vikimedia Komunejo</span></a> (Multrimedaj datumoj)</span></li><li class="species"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bos_grunniens" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Bos grunniens">Gruntbovo en <span>Vikispecioj</span></a> (Kolekto pri ĉiuj vivantaj estuloj) </li></ul> </div><div class="noprint tright portal" style="border:solid #aaa 1px;text-align:center;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;"> <table style="background:#f9f9f9;font-size:90%;line-height:110%;max-width:210px;padding:1ex;"> <tbody><tr valign="middle"><td style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosiero:Lioness_updated.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portala ikono" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Lioness_updated.jpg/32px-Lioness_updated.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Lioness_updated.jpg/48px-Lioness_updated.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Lioness_updated.jpg/64px-Lioness_updated.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></td><td style="padding:0 1ex;vertical-align:middle;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Portalo:Zoologio" title="Portalo:Zoologio"><span style="color:white; 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