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Search results for: optimal search

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text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: optimal search</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4617</span> Modeling and Analysis of Laser Sintering Process Scanning Time for Optimal Planning and Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agarana%20Michael%20C.">Agarana Michael C.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akinlabi%20Esther%20T."> Akinlabi Esther T.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pule%20Kholopane"> Pule Kholopane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to sustain the advantages of an advanced manufacturing technique, such as laser sintering, minimization of total processing cost of the parts being produced is very important. An efficient time management would usually very important in optimal cost attainment which would ultimately result in an efficient advanced manufacturing process planning and control. During Laser Scanning Process Scanning (SLS) procedures it is possible to adjust various manufacturing parameters which are used to influence the improvement of various mechanical and other properties of the products. In this study, Modelling and mathematical analysis, including sensitivity analysis, of the laser sintering process time were carried out. The results of the analyses were represented with graphs, from where conclusions were drawn. It was specifically observed that achievement of optimal total scanning time is key for economic efficiency which is required for sustainability of the process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling%20and%20analysis" title="modeling and analysis">modeling and analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20planning%20and%20control" title=" optimal planning and control"> optimal planning and control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20sintering%20process" title=" laser sintering process"> laser sintering process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scanning%20time" title=" scanning time"> scanning time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158820/modeling-and-analysis-of-laser-sintering-process-scanning-time-for-optimal-planning-and-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158820.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4616</span> Rapid Algorithm for GPS Signal Acquisition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabricio%20Costa%20Silva">Fabricio Costa Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Xavier%20de%20Souza"> Samuel Xavier de Souza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver is responsible to determine position, velocity and timing information by using satellite information. To get this information are necessary to combine an incoming and a locally generated signal. The procedure called acquisition need to found two information, the frequency and phase of the incoming signal. This is very time consuming, so there are several techniques to reduces the computational complexity, but each of then put projects issues in conflict. I this papers we present a method that can reduce the computational complexity by reducing the search space and paralleling the search. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPS" title="GPS">GPS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acquisition" title=" acquisition"> acquisition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complexity" title=" complexity"> complexity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallelism" title=" parallelism"> parallelism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21960/rapid-algorithm-for-gps-signal-acquisition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">538</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4615</span> An Approximation Algorithm for the Non Orthogonal Cutting Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ouafi">R. Ouafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Ouafi"> F. Ouafi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We study the problem of cutting a rectangular material entity into smaller sub-entities of trapezoidal forms with minimum waste of the material. This problem will be denoted TCP (Trapezoidal Cutting Problem). The TCP has many applications in manufacturing processes of various industries: pipe line design (petro chemistry), the design of airfoil (aeronautical) or cuts of the components of textile products. We introduce an orthogonal build to provide the optimal horizontal and vertical homogeneous strips. In this paper we develop a general heuristic search based upon orthogonal build. By solving two one-dimensional knapsack problems, we combine the horizontal and vertical homogeneous strips to give a non orthogonal cutting pattern. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combinatorial%20optimization" title="combinatorial optimization">combinatorial optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cutting%20problem" title=" cutting problem"> cutting problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heuristic" title=" heuristic"> heuristic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19497/an-approximation-algorithm-for-the-non-orthogonal-cutting-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">541</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4614</span> Optimal Retrofit Design of Reinforced Concrete Frame with Infill Wall Using Fiber Reinforced Plastic Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang%20Wook%20Park">Sang Wook Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Se%20Woon%20Choi"> Se Woon Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yousok%20Kim"> Yousok Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byung%20Kwan%20Oh"> Byung Kwan Oh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyo%20Seon%20Park"> Hyo Seon Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Various retrofit techniques for reinforced concrete frame with infill wall have been steadily developed. Among those techniques, strengthening methodology based on diagonal FRP strips (FRP bracings) has numerous advantages such as feasibility of implementing without interrupting the building under operation, reduction of cost and time, and easy application. Considering the safety of structure and retrofit cost, the most appropriate retrofit solution is needed. Thus, the objective of this study is to suggest pareto-optimal solution for existing building using FRP bracings. To find pareto-optimal solution analysis, NSGA-II is applied. Moreover, the seismic performance of retrofit building is evaluated. The example building is 5-storey, 3-bay RC frames with infill wall. Nonlinear static pushover analyses are performed with FEMA 356. The criterion of performance evaluation is inter-story drift ratio at the performance level IO, LS, CP. Optimal retrofit solutions is obtained for 32 individuals and 200 generations. Through the proposed optimal solutions, we confirm the improvement of seismic performance of the example building. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retrofit" title="retrofit">retrofit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FRP%20bracings" title=" FRP bracings"> FRP bracings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20frame%20with%20infill%20wall" title=" reinforced concrete frame with infill wall"> reinforced concrete frame with infill wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20performance%20evaluation" title=" seismic performance evaluation"> seismic performance evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NSGA-II" title=" NSGA-II"> NSGA-II</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42927/optimal-retrofit-design-of-reinforced-concrete-frame-with-infill-wall-using-fiber-reinforced-plastic-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4613</span> Speedup Breadth-First Search by Graph Ordering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiuyi%20Lyu">Qiuyi Lyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bin%20Gong"> Bin Gong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Breadth-First Search(BFS) is a core graph algorithm that is widely used for graph analysis. As it is frequently used in many graph applications, improve the BFS performance is essential. In this paper, we present a graph ordering method that could reorder the graph nodes to achieve better data locality, thus, improving the BFS performance. Our method is based on an observation that the sibling relationships will dominate the cache access pattern during the BFS traversal. Therefore, we propose a frequency-based model to construct the graph order. First, we optimize the graph order according to the nodes’ visit frequency. Nodes with high visit frequency will be processed in priority. Second, we try to maximize the child nodes overlap layer by layer. As it is proved to be NP-hard, we propose a heuristic method that could greatly reduce the preprocessing overheads. We conduct extensive experiments on 16 real-world datasets. The result shows that our method could achieve comparable performance with the state-of-the-art methods while the graph ordering overheads are only about 1/15. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breadth-first%20search" title="breadth-first search">breadth-first search</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BFS" title=" BFS"> BFS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graph%20ordering" title=" graph ordering"> graph ordering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graph%20algorithm" title=" graph algorithm"> graph algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136790/speedup-breadth-first-search-by-graph-ordering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4612</span> On Multiobjective Optimization to Improve the Scalability of Fog Application Deployments Using Fogtorch</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suleiman%20Aliyu">Suleiman Aliyu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Integrating IoT applications with Fog systems presents challenges in optimization due to diverse environments and conflicting objectives. This study explores achieving Pareto optimal deployments for Fog-based IoT systems to address growing QoS demands. We introduce Pareto optimality to balance competing performance metrics. Using the FogTorch optimization framework, we propose a hybrid approach (Backtracking search with branch and bound) for scalable IoT deployments. Our research highlights the advantages of Pareto optimality over single-objective methods and emphasizes the role of FogTorch in this context. Initial results show improvements in IoT deployment cost in Fog systems, promoting resource-efficient strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pareto%20optimality" title="pareto optimality">pareto optimality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fog%20application%20deployment" title=" fog application deployment"> fog application deployment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20allocation" title=" resource allocation"> resource allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20of%20things" title=" internet of things"> internet of things</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175224/on-multiobjective-optimization-to-improve-the-scalability-of-fog-application-deployments-using-fogtorch" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175224.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4611</span> Optimal 3D Deployment and Path Planning of Multiple Uavs for Maximum Coverage and Autonomy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indu%20Chandran">Indu Chandran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shubham%20Sharma"> Shubham Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohan%20Mehta"> Rohan Mehta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vipin%20Kizheppatt"> Vipin Kizheppatt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Unmanned aerial vehicles are increasingly being explored as the most promising solution to disaster monitoring, assessment, and recovery. Current relief operations heavily rely on intelligent robot swarms to capture the damage caused, provide timely rescue, and create road maps for the victims. To perform these time-critical missions, efficient path planning that ensures quick coverage of the area is vital. This study aims to develop a technically balanced approach to provide maximum coverage of the affected area in a minimum time using the optimal number of UAVs. A coverage trajectory is designed through area decomposition and task assignment. To perform efficient and autonomous coverage mission, solution to a TSP-based optimization problem using meta-heuristic approaches is designed to allocate waypoints to the UAVs of different flight capacities. The study exploits multi-agent simulations like PX4-SITL and QGroundcontrol through the ROS framework and visualizes the dynamics of UAV deployment to different search paths in a 3D Gazebo environment. Through detailed theoretical analysis and simulation tests, we illustrate the optimality and efficiency of the proposed methodologies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=area%20coverage" title="area coverage">area coverage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coverage%20path%20planning" title=" coverage path planning"> coverage path planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heuristic%20algorithm" title=" heuristic algorithm"> heuristic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mission%20monitoring" title=" mission monitoring"> mission monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=task%20assignment" title=" task assignment"> task assignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unmanned%20aerial%20vehicles" title=" unmanned aerial vehicles"> unmanned aerial vehicles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161102/optimal-3d-deployment-and-path-planning-of-multiple-uavs-for-maximum-coverage-and-autonomy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161102.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4610</span> Rapid Parallel Algorithm for GPS Signal Acquisition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabricio%20Costa%20Silva">Fabricio Costa Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Xavier%20de%20Souza"> Samuel Xavier de Souza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver is responsible to determine position, velocity and timing information by using satellite information. To get this information's are necessary to combine an incoming and a locally generated signal. The procedure called acquisition need to found two information, the frequency and phase of the incoming signal. This is very time consuming, so there are several techniques to reduces the computational complexity, but each of then put projects issues in conflict. I this papers we present a method that can reduce the computational complexity by reducing the search space and paralleling the search. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPS" title="GPS">GPS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acquisition" title=" acquisition"> acquisition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20complexity" title=" low complexity"> low complexity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallelism" title=" parallelism"> parallelism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21803/rapid-parallel-algorithm-for-gps-signal-acquisition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21803.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">501</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4609</span> Optimal Closed-loop Input Shaping Control Scheme for a 3D Gantry Crane</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Javad%20Maghsoudi">Mohammad Javad Maghsoudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Mohamed"> Z. Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20R.%20Husain"> A. R. Husain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Input shaping has been utilized for vibration reduction of many oscillatory systems. This paper presents an optimal closed-loop input shaping scheme for control of a three dimensional (3D) gantry crane system including. This includes a PID controller and Zero Vibration shaper which consider two control objectives concurrently. The control objectives are minimum sway of a payload and fast and accurate positioning of a trolley. A complete mathematical model of a lab-scaled 3D gantry crane is simulated in Simulink. Moreover, by utilizing PSO algorithm and a proposed scheme the controller is designed to cater both control objectives concurrently. Simulation studies on a 3D gantry crane show that the proposed optimal controller has an acceptable performance. The controller provides good position response with satisfactory payload sway in both rail and trolley responses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20gantry%20crane" title="3D gantry crane">3D gantry crane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=input%20shaping" title=" input shaping"> input shaping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=closed-loop%20control" title=" closed-loop control"> closed-loop control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20scheme" title=" optimal scheme"> optimal scheme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PID" title=" PID"> PID</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17219/optimal-closed-loop-input-shaping-control-scheme-for-a-3d-gantry-crane" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17219.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4608</span> Semantic Search Engine Based on Query Expansion with Google Ranking and Similarity Measures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Shahin">Ahmad Shahin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fadi%20Chakik"> Fadi Chakik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walid%20Moudani"> Walid Moudani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Our study is about elaborating a potential solution for a search engine that involves semantic technology to retrieve information and display it significantly. Semantic search engines are not used widely over the web as the majorities are still in Beta stage or under construction. Many problems face the current applications in semantic search, the major problem is to analyze and calculate the meaning of query in order to retrieve relevant information. Another problem is the ontology based index and its updates. Ranking results according to concept meaning and its relation with query is another challenge. In this paper, we are offering a light meta-engine (QESM) which uses Google search, and therefore Google’s index, with some adaptations to its returned results by adding multi-query expansion. The mission was to find a reliable ranking algorithm that involves semantics and uses concepts and meanings to rank results. At the beginning, the engine finds synonyms of each query term entered by the user based on a lexical database. Then, query expansion is applied to generate different semantically analogous sentences. These are generated randomly by combining the found synonyms and the original query terms. Our model suggests the use of semantic similarity measures between two sentences. Practically, we used this method to calculate semantic similarity between each query and the description of each page’s content generated by Google. The generated sentences are sent to Google engine one by one, and ranked again all together with the adapted ranking method (QESM). Finally, our system will place Google pages with higher similarities on the top of the results. We have conducted experimentations with 6 different queries. We have observed that most ranked results with QESM were altered with Google’s original generated pages. With our experimented queries, QESM generates frequently better accuracy than Google. In some worst cases, it behaves like Google. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semantic%20search%20engine" title="semantic search engine">semantic search engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Google%20indexing" title=" Google indexing"> Google indexing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=query%20expansion" title=" query expansion"> query expansion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=similarity%20measures" title=" similarity measures"> similarity measures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10857/semantic-search-engine-based-on-query-expansion-with-google-ranking-and-similarity-measures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10857.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4607</span> Integrating Process Planning, WMS Dispatching, and WPPW Weighted Due Date Assignment Using a Genetic Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halil%20Ibrahim%20Demir">Halil Ibrahim Demir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tar%C4%B1k%20Cakar"> Tarık Cakar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Cil"> Ibrahim Cil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muharrem%20Dugenci"> Muharrem Dugenci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caner%20Erden"> Caner Erden</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conventionally, process planning, scheduling, and due-date assignment functions are performed separately and sequentially. The interdependence of these functions requires integration. Although integrated process planning and scheduling, and scheduling with due date assignment problems are popular research topics, only a few works address the integration of these three functions. This work focuses on the integration of process planning, WMS scheduling, and WPPW due date assignment. Another novelty of this work is the use of a weighted due date assignment. In the literature, due dates are generally assigned without considering the importance of customers. However, in this study, more important customers get closer due dates. Typically, only tardiness is punished, but the JIT philosophy punishes both earliness and tardiness. In this study, all weighted earliness, tardiness, and due date related costs are penalized. As no customer desires distant due dates, such distant due dates should be penalized. In this study, various levels of integration of these three functions are tested and genetic search and random search are compared both with each other and with ordinary solutions. Higher integration levels are superior, while search is always useful. Genetic searches outperformed random searches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20planning" title="process planning">process planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighted%20scheduling" title=" weighted scheduling"> weighted scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighted%20due-date%20assignment" title=" weighted due-date assignment"> weighted due-date assignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20search" title=" random search"> random search</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51544/integrating-process-planning-wms-dispatching-and-wppw-weighted-due-date-assignment-using-a-genetic-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51544.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4606</span> Adaptive Optimal Controller for Uncertain Inverted Pendulum System: A Dynamic Programming Approach for Continuous Time System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dao%20Phuong%20Nam">Dao Phuong Nam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tran%20Van%20Tuyen"> Tran Van Tuyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Do%20Trong%20Tan"> Do Trong Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bui%20Minh%20Dinh"> Bui Minh Dinh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nguyen%20Van%20Huong"> Nguyen Van Huong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we investigate the adaptive optimal control law for continuous-time systems with input disturbances and unknown parameters. This paper extends previous works to obtain the robust control law of uncertain systems. Through theoretical analysis, an adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) based optimal control is proposed to stabilize the closed-loop system and ensure the convergence properties of proposed iterative algorithm. Moreover, the global asymptotic stability (GAS) for closed system is also analyzed. The theoretical analysis for continuous-time systems and simulation results demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm for an inverted pendulum system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=approximate%2Fadaptive%20dynamic%20programming" title="approximate/adaptive dynamic programming">approximate/adaptive dynamic programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ADP" title=" ADP"> ADP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20optimal%20control%20law" title=" adaptive optimal control law"> adaptive optimal control law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=input%20state%20stability" title=" input state stability"> input state stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISS" title=" ISS"> ISS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverted%20pendulum" title=" inverted pendulum"> inverted pendulum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80356/adaptive-optimal-controller-for-uncertain-inverted-pendulum-system-a-dynamic-programming-approach-for-continuous-time-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80356.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4605</span> Heat Transfer Enhancement Due to the Optimal Porosity in Plate Heat Exchangers with Sinusoidal Plates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Shokouhmand">Hossein Shokouhmand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyyed%20Mostafa%20Saadat"> Seyyed Mostafa Saadat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the effect of thermal dispersion on the performance of plate heat exchangers (PHEs) with sinusoidal plates is investigated. In this regard, the PHE is considered as a porous medium. The important property of a porous medium is porosity that is defined as the total fluid volume divided by the total volume occupied by the solid and fluid. A 2D array of parallel sinusoidal plates with laminar periodically developed forced convection and single-phase constant property flows and conduction in a homogenous solid phase in two directions is considered. The array of flows is counter and the flows heat capacities are equal. Numerical study of conjugate heat transfer and axial conduction in the solid phase with different plate thicknesses showed that there is an optimal porosity in which the efficiency of heat transfer is up to 4% more than the time when the porosity is near one. It is shown that the optimal porosity at zero angle of inclination depends both on Reynolds number and the aspect ratio. The optimal porosity increased while either the Reynolds number or waviness of plates increased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plate%20heat%20exchanger" title="plate heat exchanger">plate heat exchanger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20porosity" title=" optimal porosity"> optimal porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspect%20ratio" title=" aspect ratio"> aspect ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11031/heat-transfer-enhancement-due-to-the-optimal-porosity-in-plate-heat-exchangers-with-sinusoidal-plates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11031.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4604</span> Contributions of Search and Rescue to the World Peace</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dursun%20Kaleba%C5%9Fi">Dursun Kalebaşi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When we examine the history of mankind (from the past up to the present), we see that millions of people died because of the wars. Especially, since the beginning of 19th century, the increase of the human death rate is caused mostly by the regional conflicts and natural disasters rather than the wars. From that point of view, the biggest threat humanity face today is temperature increase and climate change that started to emerge in recent years. When we take into account the natural disasters on one hand and refuges that flee from regional conflicts on the other, it stands out as a dramatic situation because of the huge human losses. In this context, most of the countries started to give more importance to Search and Rescue (SAR) operations to stop the loss of lives or decrease the death rate. This article will tell about the SAR activities in Turkey since 2000 and discuss the Turkey’s contributions to Rescue Missions after the natural disasters in different parts of the world. Moreover, there will be some new highlights to a more habitable and more peaceful world through the SAR missions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=search%20and%20rescue" title="search and rescue">search and rescue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20disasters" title=" natural disasters"> natural disasters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration%20and%20world%20peace" title=" migration and world peace"> migration and world peace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkish%20army%20forces" title=" Turkish army forces"> Turkish army forces</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31644/contributions-of-search-and-rescue-to-the-world-peace" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31644.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4603</span> Improved Multi–Objective Firefly Algorithms to Find Optimal Golomb Ruler Sequences for Optimal Golomb Ruler Channel Allocation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shonak%20Bansal">Shonak Bansal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prince%20Jain"> Prince Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arun%20Kumar%20Singh"> Arun Kumar Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neena%20Gupta"> Neena Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently nature–inspired algorithms have widespread use throughout the tough and time consuming multi–objective scientific and engineering design optimization problems. In this paper, we present extended forms of firefly algorithm to find optimal Golomb ruler (OGR) sequences. The OGRs have their one of the major application as unequally spaced channel–allocation algorithm in optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems in order to minimize the adverse four–wave mixing (FWM) crosstalk effect. The simulation results conclude that the proposed optimization algorithm has superior performance compared to the existing conventional computing and nature–inspired optimization algorithms to find OGRs in terms of ruler length, total optical channel bandwidth and computation time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=channel%20allocation" title="channel allocation">channel allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20computing" title=" conventional computing"> conventional computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=four%E2%80%93wave%20mixing" title=" four–wave mixing"> four–wave mixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nature%E2%80%93inspired%20algorithm" title=" nature–inspired algorithm"> nature–inspired algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20Golomb%20ruler" title=" optimal Golomb ruler"> optimal Golomb ruler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=l%C3%A9vy%20flight%20distribution" title=" lévy flight distribution"> lévy flight distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improved%20multi%E2%80%93objective%20firefly%20algorithms" title=" improved multi–objective firefly algorithms"> improved multi–objective firefly algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pareto%20optimal" title=" Pareto optimal"> Pareto optimal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46108/improved-multi-objective-firefly-algorithms-to-find-optimal-golomb-ruler-sequences-for-optimal-golomb-ruler-channel-allocation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46108.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4602</span> Predictive Models of Ruin Probability in Retirement Withdrawal Strategies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuanjin%20Liu">Yuanjin Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Retirement withdrawal strategies are very important to minimize the probability of ruin in retirement. The ruin probability is modeled as a function of initial withdrawal age, gender, asset allocation, inflation rate, and initial withdrawal rate. The ruin probability is obtained based on the 2019 period life table for the Social Security, IRS Required Minimum Distribution (RMD) Worksheets, US historical bond and equity returns, and inflation rates using simulation. Several popular machine learning algorithms of the generalized additive model, random forest, support vector machine, extreme gradient boosting, and artificial neural network are built. The model validation and selection are based on the test errors using hyperparameter tuning and train-test split. The optimal model is recommended for retirees to monitor the ruin probability. The optimal withdrawal strategy can be obtained based on the optimal predictive model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ruin%20probability" title="ruin probability">ruin probability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retirement%20withdrawal%20strategies" title=" retirement withdrawal strategies"> retirement withdrawal strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictive%20models" title=" predictive models"> predictive models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20model" title=" optimal model"> optimal model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147438/predictive-models-of-ruin-probability-in-retirement-withdrawal-strategies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4601</span> Role of Self-Concept in the Relationship between Emotional Abuse and Mental Health of Employees in the North West Province, South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Matlawe">L. Matlawe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20S.%20Idemudia"> E. S. Idemudia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The stability is an important topic to plan and manage the energy in the microgrids as the same as the conventional power systems. The voltage and frequency stability is one of the most important issues recently studied in microgrids. The objectives of this paper are the modeling and designing of the components and optimal controllers for the voltage and frequency control of the AC/DC hybrid microgrid under the different disturbances. Since the PI controllers have the advantages of simple structure and easy implementation, so they were designed and modeled in this paper. The harmony search (HS) algorithm is used to optimize the controllers’ parameters. According to the achieved results, the PI controllers have a good performance in voltage and frequency control of the microgrid. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotional%20abuse" title="emotional abuse">emotional abuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employees" title=" employees"> employees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mental%20health" title=" mental health"> mental health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-concept" title=" self-concept"> self-concept</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46608/role-of-self-concept-in-the-relationship-between-emotional-abuse-and-mental-health-of-employees-in-the-north-west-province-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46608.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4600</span> Optimal Wind Based DG Placement Considering Monthly Changes Modeling in Wind Speed </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belal%20Mohamadi%20Kalesar">Belal Mohamadi Kalesar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raouf%20Hasanpour"> Raouf Hasanpour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Proper placement of Distributed Generation (DG) units such as wind turbine generators in distribution system are still very challenging issue for obtaining their maximum potential benefits because inappropriate placement may increase the system losses. This paper proposes Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique for optimal placement of wind based DG (WDG) in the primary distribution system to reduce energy losses and voltage profile improvement with four different wind levels modeling in year duration. Also, wind turbine is modeled as a DFIG that will be operated at unity power factor and only one wind turbine tower will be considered to install at each bus of network. Finally, proposed method will be implemented on widely used 69 bus power distribution system in MATLAB software environment under four scenario (without, one, two and three WDG units) and for capability test of implemented program it is supposed that all buses of standard system can be candidate for WDG installing (large search space), though this program can consider predetermined number of candidate location in WDG placement to model financial limitation of project. Obtained results illustrate that wind speed increasing in some months will increase output power generated but this can increase / decrease power loss in some wind level, also results show that it is required about 3MW WDG capacity to install in different buses but when this is distributed in overall network (more number of WDG) it can cause better solution from point of view of power loss and voltage profile. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine" title="wind turbine">wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DG%20placement" title=" DG placement"> DG placement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20levels%20effect" title=" wind levels effect"> wind levels effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSO%20algorithm" title=" PSO algorithm"> PSO algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32891/optimal-wind-based-dg-placement-considering-monthly-changes-modeling-in-wind-speed" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32891.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4599</span> Optimal Control of Volterra Integro-Differential Systems Based on Legendre Wavelets and Collocation Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khosrow%20Maleknejad">Khosrow Maleknejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asyieh%20Ebrahimzadeh"> Asyieh Ebrahimzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the numerical solution of optimal control problem (OCP) for systems governed by Volterra integro-differential (VID) equation is considered. The method is developed by means of the Legendre wavelet approximation and collocation method. The properties of Legendre wavelet accompany with Gaussian integration method are utilized to reduce the problem to the solution of nonlinear programming one. Some numerical examples are given to confirm the accuracy and ease of implementation of the method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collocation%20method" title="collocation method">collocation method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Legendre%20wavelet" title=" Legendre wavelet"> Legendre wavelet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20control" title=" optimal control"> optimal control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Volterra%20integro-differential%20equation" title=" Volterra integro-differential equation"> Volterra integro-differential equation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5005/optimal-control-of-volterra-integro-differential-systems-based-on-legendre-wavelets-and-collocation-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4598</span> Merging of Results in Distributed Information Retrieval Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Larbi%20Guezouli">Larbi Guezouli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imane%20Azzouz"> Imane Azzouz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work is located in the domain of distributed information retrieval ‘DIR’. A simplified view of the DIR requires a multi-search in a set of collections, which forces the system to analyze results found in these collections, and merge results back before sending them to the user in a single list. Our work is to find a fusion method based on the relevance score of each result received from collections and the relevance of the local search engine of each collection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20retrieval" title="information retrieval">information retrieval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20IR%20systems" title=" distributed IR systems"> distributed IR systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=merging%20results" title=" merging results"> merging results</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=datamining" title=" datamining"> datamining</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37130/merging-of-results-in-distributed-information-retrieval-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37130.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4597</span> 2D Fingerprint Performance for PubChem Chemical Database</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatimah%20Zawani%20Abdullah">Fatimah Zawani Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shereena%20Mohd%20Arif"> Shereena Mohd Arif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Malim"> Nurul Malim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study of molecular similarity search in chemical database is increasingly widespread, especially in the area of drug discovery. Similarity search is an application in the field of Chemoinformatics to measure the similarity between the molecular structure which is known as the query and the structure of chemical compounds in the database. Similarity search is also one of the approaches in virtual screening which involves computational techniques and scoring the probabilities of activity. The main objective of this work is to determine the best fingerprint when compared to the other five fingerprints selected in this study using PubChem chemical dataset. This paper will discuss the similarity searching process conducted using 6 types of descriptors, which are ECFP4, ECFC4, FCFP4, FCFC4, SRECFC4 and SRFCFC4 on 15 activity classes of PubChem dataset using Tanimoto coefficient to calculate the similarity between the query structures and each of the database structure. The results suggest that ECFP4 performs the best to be used with Tanimoto coefficient in the PubChem dataset. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2D%20fingerprints" title="2D fingerprints">2D fingerprints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanimoto" title=" Tanimoto"> Tanimoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PubChem" title=" PubChem"> PubChem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=similarity%20searching" title=" similarity searching"> similarity searching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemoinformatics" title=" chemoinformatics"> chemoinformatics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15097/2d-fingerprint-performance-for-pubchem-chemical-database" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15097.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4596</span> Assessment of Korea&#039;s Natural Gas Portfolio Considering Panama Canal Expansion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juhan%20Kim">Juhan Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinsoo%20Kim"> Jinsoo Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> South Korea cannot import natural gas in any form other than LNG because of the division of South and North Korea. Further, the high proportion of natural gas in the national energy mix makes this resource crucial for energy security in Korea. Expansion of Panama Canal will allow for reducing the cost of shipping between the Far East and U.S East. Panama Canal expansion can have significant impacts on South Korea. Due to this situation, we review the natural gas optimal portfolio by considering the uniqueness of the Korean Natural gas market and expansion of Panama Canal. In order to assess Korea’s natural gas optimal portfolio, we developed natural gas portfolio model. The model comprises two steps. First, to obtain the optimal long-term spot contract ratio, the study examines the price level and the correlation between spot and long-term contracts by using the Markowitz, portfolio model. The optimal long-term spot contract ratio follows the efficient frontier of the cost/risk level related to this price level and degree of correlation. Second, by applying the obtained long-term contract purchase ratio as the constraint in the linear programming portfolio model, we determined the natural gas optimal import portfolio that minimizes total intangible and tangible costs. Using this model, we derived the optimal natural gas portfolio considering the expansion of Panama Canal. Based on these results, we assess the portfolio for natural gas import to Korea from the perspective of energy security and present some relevant policy proposals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20gas" title="natural gas">natural gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Panama%20Canal" title=" Panama Canal"> Panama Canal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=portfolio%20analysis" title=" portfolio analysis"> portfolio analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Korea" title=" South Korea"> South Korea</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67569/assessment-of-koreas-natural-gas-portfolio-considering-panama-canal-expansion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67569.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4595</span> Future Optimization of the Xin’anjiang Hydropower</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Zaman">Muhammad Zaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guohua%20Fang">Guohua Fang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Saifullah">Muhammad Saifullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q="></a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The presented study emphasize at an optimal model to compare past and future optimal hydropower generation. In order to get maximum benefits from the Xin’anjiang hydropower station a model is developed. A Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has purposed and past and future water flow is used to get the maximum benefits from future water resources in this study. The results revealed that the future hydropower generation is more than the past generation. This paper gives us idea that what could we get in the past using optimal method of electricity generation and what can we get in the future using this technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSO" title="PSO">PSO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=future%20water%20resources" title=" future water resources"> future water resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xin%E2%80%99anjiang" title=" Xin’anjiang"> Xin’anjiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=""></a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42727/future-optimization-of-the-xinanjiang-hydropower" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42727.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4594</span> On Privacy-Preserving Search in the Encrypted Domain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun-Shien%20Lu">Chun-Shien Lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Privacy-preserving query has recently received considerable attention in the signal processing and multimedia community. It is also a critical step in wireless sensor network for retrieval of sensitive data. The purposes of privacy-preserving query in both the areas of signal processing and sensor network are the same, but the similarity and difference of the adopted technologies are not fully explored. In this paper, we first review the recently developed methods of privacy-preserving query, and then describe in a comprehensive manner what we can learn from the mutual of both areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encryption" title="encryption">encryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=privacy-preserving" title=" privacy-preserving"> privacy-preserving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=search" title=" search"> search</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55834/on-privacy-preserving-search-in-the-encrypted-domain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55834.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4593</span> A Retrievable Genetic Algorithm for Efficient Solving of Sudoku Puzzles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Mehran%20Kazemi">Seyed Mehran Kazemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahare%20Fatemi"> Bahare Fatemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sudoku is a logic-based combinatorial puzzle game which is popular among people of different ages. Due to this popularity, computer softwares are being developed to generate and solve Sudoku puzzles with different levels of difficulty. Several methods and algorithms have been proposed and used in different softwares to efficiently solve Sudoku puzzles. Various search methods such as stochastic local search have been applied to this problem. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is one of the algorithms which have been applied to this problem in different forms and in several works in the literature. In these works, chromosomes with little or no information were considered and obtained results were not promising. In this paper, we propose a new way of applying GA to this problem which uses more-informed chromosomes than other works in the literature. We optimize the parameters of our GA using puzzles with different levels of difficulty. Then we use the optimized values of the parameters to solve various puzzles and compare our results to another GA-based method for solving Sudoku puzzles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title="genetic algorithm">genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solving%20Sudoku%20puzzles" title=" solving Sudoku puzzles"> solving Sudoku puzzles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stochastic%20local%20search" title=" stochastic local search"> stochastic local search</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8411/a-retrievable-genetic-algorithm-for-efficient-solving-of-sudoku-puzzles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8411.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4592</span> Soil Carbon Stock in Sub-Optimal Land for the Development of Cymbopogon Nardus L. At Simawang Village, West Sumatera, Indonesia </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juniarti">Juniarti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusniwati"> Yusniwati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anwar.%20A"> Anwar. A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armansyah"> Armansyah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Febriamansyah"> Febriamansyah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R."> R.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Simawang area is one of the critical areas (sub-optimal) that experienced drought from climate changes. Potential dry land belonging to sub-optimal in Simawang, West Sumatera, Indonesia not been fully utilized for agricultural cultivation. Simawang village, West Sumatera, Indonesia is formerly known as the rice barn, due to the climate change area is experiencing a drought, so the rice fields that were once productive now a grazing paddock because of lack of water. This study aims to calculate the soil carbon stock in Simawang village, West Sumatera Indonesia. The study was conducted in Simawang village, Tanah Datar regency, West Sumatera from October 2014 until December 2017. The study was conducted on sub-optimal land to be planted with Cymbopogon nardus L. (Sereh wangi in Indonesian language). Composite soil sampling conducted at a depth of 0-20 cm, 20 – 40 cm. Based on the depth of soil carbon stocks gained higher ground 6473 t ha-1 at a depth of 0-20 cm at a depth of 20-40 cm. Efforts to increase soil carbon is expected to be cultivated through Cymbopogon nardus L. planting has been done. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20changes" title="climate changes">climate changes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sereh%20wangi%20%28Cymbopogon%20nardus%20L.%29" title=" sereh wangi (Cymbopogon nardus L.)"> sereh wangi (Cymbopogon nardus L.)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20carbon%20stock" title=" soil carbon stock"> soil carbon stock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub%20optimal%20land" title=" sub optimal land "> sub optimal land </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23405/soil-carbon-stock-in-sub-optimal-land-for-the-development-of-cymbopogon-nardus-l-at-simawang-village-west-sumatera-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23405.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4591</span> Overview of Different Approaches Used in Optimal Operation Control of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Kusakana">K. Kusakana </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A hybrid energy system is a combination of renewable energy sources with back up, as well as a storage system used to respond to given load energy requirements. Given that the electrical output of each renewable source is fluctuating with changes in weather conditions, and since the load demand also varies with time; one of the main attributes of hybrid systems is to be able to respond to the load demand at any time by optimally controlling each energy source, storage and back-up system. The induced optimization problem is to compute the optimal operation control of the system with the aim of minimizing operation costs while efficiently and reliably responding to the load energy requirement. Current optimization research and development on hybrid systems are mainly focusing on the sizing aspect. Thus, the aim of this paper is to report on the state-of-the-art of optimal operation control of hybrid renewable energy systems. This paper also discusses different challenges encountered, as well as future developments that can help in improving the optimal operation control of hybrid renewable energy systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energies" title="renewable energies">renewable energies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20systems" title=" hybrid systems"> hybrid systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operation%20control" title=" operation control"> operation control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48787/overview-of-different-approaches-used-in-optimal-operation-control-of-hybrid-renewable-energy-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48787.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4590</span> Application of Imperialist Competitive Algorithm for Optimal Location and Sizing of Static Compensator Considering Voltage Profile</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vahid%20Rashtchi">Vahid Rashtchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashkan%20Pirooz"> Ashkan Pirooz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper applies the Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) to find the optimal place and size of Static Compensator (STATCOM) in power systems. The output of the algorithm is a two dimensional array which indicates the best bus number and STATCOM's optimal size that minimizes all bus voltage deviations from their nominal value. Simulations are performed on IEEE 5, 14, and 30 bus test systems. Also some comparisons have been done between ICA and the famous Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. Results show that how this method can be considered as one of the most precise evolutionary methods for the use of optimum compensator placement in electrical grids. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolutionary%20computation" title="evolutionary computation">evolutionary computation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imperialist%20competitive%20algorithm" title=" imperialist competitive algorithm"> imperialist competitive algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20systems%20compensation" title=" power systems compensation"> power systems compensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20compensators" title=" static compensators"> static compensators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20profile" title=" voltage profile"> voltage profile</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15436/application-of-imperialist-competitive-algorithm-for-optimal-location-and-sizing-of-static-compensator-considering-voltage-profile" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">605</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4589</span> Soil Carbon Stock in Sub-Optimal Land due to Climate Change on Development Cymbopogon nardus L. at Simawang Village, West Sumatera, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juniarti%20Yuni">Juniarti Yuni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Simawang area is one of the critical areas (sub-optimal) that experienced drought from climate changes. Potential dry land belonging to sub-optimal in Simawang, West Sumatera, Indonesia not been fully utilized for agricultural cultivation. Simawang village, West Sumatera, Indonesia is formerly known as the rice barn, due to the climate change area is experiencing a drought, so the rice fields that were once productive now a grazing paddock because of lack of water. This study aims to calculate the soil carbon stock in Simawang village, West Sumatera Indonesia. The study was conducted in Simawang village, Tanah Datar regency, West Sumatera from October 2014 until December 2017. The study was conducted on sub-optimal land to be planted with Cymbopogon nardus L. (Sereh wangi in Indonesian language). Composite soil sampling conducted at a depth of 0-20 cm, 20–40 cm. Based on the depth of soil carbon stocks gained higher ground 6473 T/Ha at a depth of 0-20 cm at a depth of 20-40 cm. Efforts to increase soil carbon is expected to be cultivated through Cymbopogon nardus L. planting has been done. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20changes" title="climate changes">climate changes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sereh%20wangi%20%28Cymbopogon%20nardus%20L.%29" title=" sereh wangi (Cymbopogon nardus L.)"> sereh wangi (Cymbopogon nardus L.)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20carbon%20stock" title=" soil carbon stock"> soil carbon stock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub%20optimal%20land" title=" sub optimal land"> sub optimal land</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25187/soil-carbon-stock-in-sub-optimal-land-due-to-climate-change-on-development-cymbopogon-nardus-l-at-simawang-village-west-sumatera-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25187.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4588</span> Model Updating Based on Modal Parameters Using Hybrid Pattern Search Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Guo">N. Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Xu"> C. Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20C.%20Yang"> Z. C. Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to ensure the high reliability of an aircraft, the accurate structural dynamics analysis has become an indispensable part in the design of an aircraft structure. Therefore, the structural finite element model which can be used to accurately calculate the structural dynamics and their transfer relations is the prerequisite in structural dynamic design. A dynamic finite element model updating method is presented to correct the uncertain parameters of the finite element model of a structure using measured modal parameters. The coordinate modal assurance criterion is used to evaluate the correlation level at each coordinate over the experimental and the analytical mode shapes. Then, the weighted summation of the natural frequency residual and the coordinate modal assurance criterion residual is used as the objective function. Moreover, the hybrid pattern search (HPS) optimization technique, which synthesizes the advantages of pattern search (PS) optimization technique and genetic algorithm (GA), is introduced to solve the dynamic FE model updating problem. A numerical simulation and a model updating experiment for GARTEUR aircraft model are performed to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the present dynamic model updating method, respectively. The updated results show that the proposed method can be successfully used to modify the incorrect parameters with good robustness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20updating" title="model updating">model updating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modal%20parameter" title=" modal parameter"> modal parameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coordinate%20modal%20assurance%20criterion" title=" coordinate modal assurance criterion"> coordinate modal assurance criterion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20genetic%2Fpattern%20search" title=" hybrid genetic/pattern search"> hybrid genetic/pattern search</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98650/model-updating-based-on-modal-parameters-using-hybrid-pattern-search-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98650.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20search&amp;page=7" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20search&amp;page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20search&amp;page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20search&amp;page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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