CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135acb67ca26017',cH: '0icPkJFz4Dap.o0VLTdFTuOyYHyX9KMiCcHvwb4BwrE-1739794230-1.2.1.1-ko54iEhM3FeKlHCJPzOHxllOqtmrnzUCr3dxV7Ir7_KjxLdNWCCfGAlwMSVE1cGo',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=R.%20Ouafi&__cf_chl_tk=cx1YeDUSLjy7chc7a8FPPCn0DF3vpsGDokSZ1Wx6DdM-1739794230-1.0.1.1-qS5LMAnEk56GyYMb_g5cewEzhR3L7uINrhu85tnHglU",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739794230',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=R.%20Ouafi&__cf_chl_f_tk=cx1YeDUSLjy7chc7a8FPPCn0DF3vpsGDokSZ1Wx6DdM-1739794230-1.0.1.1-qS5LMAnEk56GyYMb_g5cewEzhR3L7uINrhu85tnHglU",md: "z.meYc.1VhhrSw_uOk08VD3o.mvM0NfDCf2FgpvgBCg-1739794230-1.2.1.1-RofGdWZxhUsvjBsK2jEbUOeTCVCNt.TaWJwkaHLmiNfnAMSL7VWSTkD68MU8IFUgqmDJ51OMuDyQHt0wbU5W6g1i4948TljtQODrBPXf1TVEqVCffhJPl.UgHwW_hYCHmuV95RmIJkVTro3oBoZLwtQj1CyyOmfJh5SNZGAsofW7_smneDJ2ZjTQSm5EOwfSE2aRViuWPOQIpAkQIDWlEFOey4L4sq4x0IrSLRTUtxS8WYOyLgh_9uiJbhPFaXWcs6wSQjP7dUfjNvgicZ6gzJbU9I36VA7TelXeQEgnGArD_GTTfS62KzSG8BB3gvM6jJxtutVbb3YJvVxEpyIdXWC8TUQ6TSNFZdPj2caAO.hDCHoX1HGv7Vni.8fdTCG5sv5A1V47WSrbcHVAixo_pd_M9fXlTAy4EQv9Ym_oioxaheh.yGnFtnn4PGrLhniHeh1.uPxWlagTvb39dEHhZFa6v0yeluiQouEVcXdExBCbpSxN9YzAbHHJQo0wtaJnHzOcg56i7of2SqHl9znj1qQcFe8DDicMFrW8XG9yz8dRsWhjeG12mz4iu583R2V9NJl.gZYf8pSQ2bV3E6aWR_zVw2P7FCUcnX8hRgyRmMHGdjCA8LutPAPb5uxMjnd8mSxQ84NazXuYfCQQKlrX6RcDnGecj8jl9Xs_GzFwNA4t7qfJ9reHOXli7fK7JLngAApqJBlzQqg8CIivV6UlJxdWmfgRuvRmaseLCxI9MVx.wDb0IkULfOivmOV0_1ke7GnsiEvpXMxV0WNySllZ_ian4jOqcP3QhMeoljrdQdPriZ02sAyBNpZS1oWHvM6Q9k68gg1iQntKlwcy2amBVsuAFBh.zJYBohm9..n1hmYmLJiOWhLEk8q21Q2WOFmtQCgG49Ger0r_NDflcIYkXRu1A47Z4k.4tjecFihIhbj3HDqpE1hcpzZAW0w7A9qczlHEbtcrEKWpckmqgicKjdKpYgtRdqVom9fI6s3ResP0uEeXrI91kpudVlIEbyZ.3Fuff7BDMDW3O5dQQRVKWTSl52chhD13HEW1nSlVboj.QrRQNDLwHuNc2LGtfHy3_hSUovcBi5Ct6YJgvhmZMdYHphUQfrU_CZl_Mja5Y046JGmBgkdK13R1J_JGn2koLEqYgOUE0bs82CLWek5J4_VZ5FOVYwaev4zcrah8wAFFbgKrBr37FCQZbvxk.NZx4vE.ZXvpeny5eJS5AkUqEoRwIS5feaj1f_hKXvqaZRMm_yLhRo3ow8llKnadtaXRfMT6qK0qM76OfTVzwa3WIKsZvcqHD5IrbY42cq2Lzw2N6h20vB6sMrqfqW9fRLmxpmHIoNI4ys_CooUE_lDxKrM0Aua7zSP7VnvCaxWPJgQkq3SiryG1qPcpZLeG064ErR6Vp.KMpEcqeXk9yZ2MKuACltY4_zohSgc0YGwCXYuP8nKqMp.bG9Nh_TVynW4gpBzo_aMnAM2q4Xiblq19DwWsCEAdU9tLM6zt6Cun0adLXzaaovqAPxnW_XxJ91xSEL4t92RYjbnfN2jnv1ZFaP98F5KW7CO5TsdN_UJIcusglXOAuWvsik2dvAAK.EEmBTkccD7lU3F60K704.rQ9b3LePJ9DC13zCYoKFpUZF6Ao8D1tGmBTQAuQxiSiHuhMi823SBmQFrn0jnXxQKg4shIaXcXozPQZmgqGKoPJqk9ppkDf0Z1b2JU3P6i5jGT9DgDBAzvfyYYyIipOwL4ul3FdYtoDKcyfz7_P1Xg.a_pw7i7V9lMkffnUZWTnx5r6dwCDwm3Uf_L49MuzJNHy614W9LaUmCeg0ZFGnhmEZcFQxhEitCO2.RqNzGg3UW4j3JwltYICqkthvL07d6fOUd05IYZRK3dqblBDJny2oY5ifSMsF814CaK9jSP3fnSFTBV.6fBsGeUyUik.daASA",mdrd: "y2SLpxwLe_gqyFS0GXq_LjiCxgHVTTjSRdq__IiTsIQ-1739794230-1.2.1.1-zol8ItxV_JKI187ancWEY2vaUmSUU821WTQX6En83ZtCgkQshh82zrId07iO1QwGMeaoLQ6gGgNcL09KaiXeM_xIt1mc0k9jHeFf9rm.8u6WlUtomQaL.y0gA.FyCERS0ZwjsRJsXL9GCPYRSU9_75xvUeaLkXYHH8obAUK6Uvm5zCn16pOlll05kkJG6coF3MQ5QNnFMrQy7Pm7O0b8DZP5LLXa.t74WglbpRaV6qrT.lfxMuu2MrfzGcHQP_chWyeNDcmp9tgPDDr7Yv9e_Y3LSOEDlgWwiAPipjWPTv8o4vTZPLnHAFOC0DWKtjTgcQ_6bbl28nWle7St59Flw3kzNuzk9aD3yclF43349xWhbmZ4WyEBxiPg.y06ks_1ibzUEZj9HuXWyYElgonwEQwIka3aTHJPGERz4hyekPBtwkid89HSTSEHuL4VXM_oix5MIZdseTxdKGF2wzCjJoOsPnYS028Bmni3Y8p5SE7Jj_ZQbMpwE8kjjcrVY_2EaqRGMyymZ.Ud1VOLy3VMTbwuR1rJO.KKdpS5mTuPvJw79ULSeMpp_EVV5Yxvp1AdSCZLAOcDLbwvhwdLu9WgwAJkUI8sJjksaX0a0fSt9sl.AIHKT1fQmP7V0zdwwwGGCj2YQPzEcG4aV3dVh2OvmpCrJjB0G.HqYBS7R.iP_F.ZgMl6ae8ORywWUwrW2l96n7q9DIKFfA07M6mvmBc_lRp61gG8sw.TalH.BNTHoLbXG0AStsvWCsl7oeQDCG0L5JoW_WsHDVjxhlqLOJj6td7uO9phKqVHiBR2NQQPnKmNeKj0n1TGXhjt0eHMa6rJCMLDexeMBgm2sFhNclXdkOwQ16jWOup9d1zUedh6ibxTKQ1q_LsRb9Hny1sg_KClbpk7Q0ka2ls.UkQo2Ipxf_gCkE5oFhdSZq2o0SVRcpmj56.Bfrfh0vuJ6bY3uhVAnzLeMO6wCpwkduah_c1JSHnpQN5rLPSfTnlIng2hAZhl7FUcSROoI5YhodKEKo7bVfRyt6h.gsKpRDYNFtlyaq6a0u9e9zY4Tk4bqISfdtu82h8jCKAKUyAM4BDJouI__2cxsV0Zfc5djzfNFH.70etlCzCR2PwZ7T5F7j3.1pxkmnsowBDhFRRWLNWBFG9AVLGsLDOol5WHwq_FfsQPaIT45k7szTwKATdJ1kC5GFty_dzHu.p3AzcjWiv17USwSh031kvbQkfWnkqArn_7H33FbKYLKd4mCgtR16S9nWVZgjRsgiCrLfKJXwOXPFvv673.fPNbiT9HXRM3aBRUK3dpRDP8VIti8T41x5cWbzV6ppn5Atkd9eS_RC3EV4rKW8qliqqdchxV8NBJDzhmqiXSg_UGrhykTRLEBn1ICHGYSy_dU6al6Vsk_mIDoTPPJAyjBvzuAHPmZqJrcnEqTYVvF0Xy33HO8c5GGwe9jTBNgWvu6Hqmk7rMoP.oWzCSHnKmJdlnmAaukUJEDgFVwRX55dOb.NQvt5Sc9WGZgEQOQ.lJV2r14g9Bwb9CpTLHQ7A6sc_RK2WsRWGmbET7J5jddcI6V3wZGhLGuQRNQqj8EYJ511k0P69Lb0fU13XdcH0PtbGaeEmszfczay3ju4GeIm7k3p5VyC7LQsOGxt6QY_Y8AWvBu1WsbfD2UU6U5Z7bS3bW0DBrEr7o3rBPqXHaDJ3vzqfNkkv.W8nBorWZnwgitr5fcLFhOdP2M0_TwYkeRP2wQFYfSmaGSXF.3hNnK3nRcUvzzDBjmbj2kcMHQOTQqIu3cWDDxG5t3aMPxREDjOjXwA7y_8URbwse4fPbk8mg2ik_hdUIqyL6qc3q8Plpt3N9Ir1ctBiJ_kDbB1UDSA7Jzy8Q31iPOf567UEjArFRbKgHhYjwydznbNi4u1KSwoYguGrs8D2SIduKnXJoVm6_I7S960dbIt_rH8xP1KVPUDYoDr4pd4VrRjTzs1VCox77ZvLbsrrGjTct6EoNit0VjKTcmo.a2qEaAg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135acb67ca26017';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=R.%20Ouafi&__cf_chl_rt_tk=cx1YeDUSLjy7chc7a8FPPCn0DF3vpsGDokSZ1Wx6DdM-1739794230-1.0.1.1-qS5LMAnEk56GyYMb_g5cewEzhR3L7uINrhu85tnHglU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>