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bias current density</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: optimised bias current density"> <meta name="keywords" content="optimised bias current density"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="optimised bias current density"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 12581</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: optimised bias current density</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12461</span> Overconfidence and Self-Attribution Bias: The Difference among Economic Students at Different Stage of the Study and Non-Economic Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vera%20Jancurova">Vera Jancurova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> People are, in general, exposed to behavioral biases, however, the degree and impact are affected by experience, knowledge, and other characteristics. The purpose of this article is to study two of defined behavioral biases, the overconfidence and self-attribution bias, and its impact on economic and non-economic students at different stage of the study. The research method used for the purpose of this study is a controlled field study that contains questions on perception of own confidence and self-attribution and estimation of limits to analyse actual abilities. The results of the research show that economic students seem to be more overconfident than their non–economic colleagues, which seems to be caused by the fact the questionnaire was asking for predicting economic indexes and own knowledge and abilities in financial environment. Surprisingly, the most overconfidence was detected by the students at the beginning of their study (1st-semester students). However, the estimations of real numbers do not point out, that economic students have better results by the prediction itself. The study confirmed the presence of self-attribution bias at all of the respondents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavioral%20finance" title="behavioral finance">behavioral finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overconfidence" title=" overconfidence"> overconfidence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-attribution" title=" self-attribution"> self-attribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heuristics%20and%20biases" title=" heuristics and biases"> heuristics and biases</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50982/overconfidence-and-self-attribution-bias-the-difference-among-economic-students-at-different-stage-of-the-study-and-non-economic-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50982.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12460</span> Is It Important to Measure the Volumetric Mass Density of Nanofluids?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Haddad">Z. Haddad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Abid"> C. Abid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Rahli"> O. Rahli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Margeat"> O. Margeat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Dachraoui"> W. Dachraoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mataoui"> A. Mataoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study aims to measure the volumetric mass density of NiPd-heptane nanofluids synthesized using a one-step method known as thermal decomposition of metal-surfactant complexes. The particle concentration is up to 7.55 g/l and the temperature range of the experiment is from 20°C to 50°C. The measured values were compared with the mixture theory and good agreement between the theoretical equation and measurement were obtained. Moreover, the available nanofluids volumetric mass density data in the literature is reviewed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NiPd%20nanoparticles" title="NiPd nanoparticles">NiPd nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofluids" title=" nanofluids"> nanofluids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volumetric%20mass%20density" title=" volumetric mass density"> volumetric mass density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5042/is-it-important-to-measure-the-volumetric-mass-density-of-nanofluids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5042.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12459</span> Correlation and Prediction of Biodiesel Density </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nieves%20M.%20C.%20Talavera-Prieto">Nieves M. C. Talavera-Prieto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abel%20G.%20M.%20Ferreira"> Abel G. M. Ferreira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ant%C3%B3nio%20T.%20G.%20Portugal"> António T. G. Portugal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rui%20J.%20Moreira"> Rui J. Moreira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaime%20B.%20Santos"> Jaime B. Santos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The knowledge of biodiesel density over large ranges of temperature and pressure is important for predicting the behavior of fuel injection and combustion systems in diesel engines, and for the optimization of such systems. In this study, cottonseed oil was transesterified into biodiesel and its density was measured at temperatures between 288 K and 358 K and pressures between 0.1 MPa and 30 MPa, with expanded uncertainty estimated as ±1.6 kg.m^-3. Experimental pressure-volume-temperature (pVT) cottonseed data was used along with literature data relative to other 18 biodiesels, in order to build a database used to test the correlation of density with temperarure and pressure using the Goharshadi–Morsali–Abbaspour equation of state (GMA EoS). To our knowledge, this is the first that density measurements are presented for cottonseed biodiesel under such high pressures, and the GMA EoS used to model biodiesel density. The new tested EoS allowed correlations within 0.2 kg•m-3 corresponding to average relative deviations within 0.02%. The built database was used to develop and test a new full predictive model derived from the observed linear relation between density and degree of unsaturation (DU), which depended from biodiesel FAMEs profile. The average density deviation of this method was only about 3 kg.m-3 within the temperature and pressure limits of application. These results represent appreciable improvements in the context of density prediction at high pressure when compared with other equations of state. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel%20density" title="biodiesel density">biodiesel density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation" title=" correlation"> correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equation%20of%20state" title=" equation of state"> equation of state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction" title=" prediction"> prediction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17127/correlation-and-prediction-of-biodiesel-density" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17127.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">615</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12458</span> Optimization of Electrocoagulation Process Using Duelist Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Totok%20R.%20Biyanto">Totok R. Biyanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arif%20T.%20Mardianto"> Arif T. Mardianto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Farid%20R.%20R."> M. Farid R. R.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luthfi%20Machmudi"> Luthfi Machmudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kandi%20mulakasti"> kandi mulakasti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this research is optimizing the electrocoagulation process design as a post-treatment for biologically vinasse effluent process. The first principle model with three independent variables that affect the energy consumption of electrocoagulation process i.e. current density, electrode distance, and time of treatment process are chosen as optimized variables. The process condition parameters were determined with the value of pH, electrical conductivity, and temperature of vinasse about 6.5, 28.5 mS/cm, 52 oC, respectively. Aluminum was chosen as the electrode material of electrocoagulation process. Duelist algorithm was used as optimization technique due to its capability to reach a global optimum. The optimization results show that the optimal process can be reached in the conditions of current density of 2.9976 A/m2, electrode distance of 1.5 cm and electrolysis time of 119 min. The optimized energy consumption during process is 34.02 Wh. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title="optimization">optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vinasse%20effluent" title=" vinasse effluent"> vinasse effluent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocoagulation" title=" electrocoagulation"> electrocoagulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61721/optimization-of-electrocoagulation-process-using-duelist-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61721.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12457</span> Various Modification of Electrochemical Barrier Layer Thinning of Anodic Aluminum Oxide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20J.%20St%C4%99pniowski">W. J. Stępniowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Florkiewicz"> W. Florkiewicz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Norek"> M. Norek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Michalska-Doma%C5%84ska"> M. Michalska-Domańska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Ko%C5%9Bciuczyk"> E. Kościuczyk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Czujko"> T. Czujko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, two options of anodic alumina barrier layer thinning have been demonstrated. The approaches varied with the duration of the voltage step. It was found that too long step of the barrier layer thinning process leads to chemical etching of the nanopores on their top. At the bottoms pores are not fully opened what is disadvantageous for further applications in nanofabrication. On the other hand, while the duration of the voltage step is controlled by the current density (value of the current density cannot exceed 75% of the value recorded during previous voltage step) the pores are fully opened. However, pores at the bottom obtained with this procedure have smaller diameter, nevertheless this procedure provides electric contact between the bare aluminum (substrate) and electrolyte, what is suitable for template assisted electrodeposition, one of the most cost-efficient synthesis method in nanotechnology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anodic%20aluminum%20oxide" title="anodic aluminum oxide">anodic aluminum oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anodization" title=" anodization"> anodization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barrier%20layer%20thinning" title=" barrier layer thinning"> barrier layer thinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanopores" title=" nanopores"> nanopores</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17451/various-modification-of-electrochemical-barrier-layer-thinning-of-anodic-aluminum-oxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17451.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12456</span> Induced Pulsation Attack Against Kalman Filter Driven Brushless DC Motor Control System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuri%20Boiko">Yuri Boiko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iluju%20Kiringa"> Iluju Kiringa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tet%20Yeap"> Tet Yeap</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We use modeling and simulation tools, to introduce a novel bias injection attack, named the ’Induced Pulsation Attack’, which targets Cyber Physical Systems with closed-loop controlled Brushless DC (BLDC) motor and Kalman filter driver in the feedback loop. This attack involves engaging a linear function with a constant gradient to distort the coefficient of the injected bias, which falsifies the Kalman filter estimates of the rotor’s angular speed. As a result, this manipulation interaction inside the control system causes periodic pulsations in a form of asymmetric sine wave of both current and voltage in the circuit windings, with a high magnitude. It is shown that by varying the gradient of linear function, one can control both the frequency and structure of the induced pulsations. It is also demonstrated that terminating the attack at any point leads to additional compensating effort from the controller to restore the speed to its equilibrium value. This compensation effort produces an exponentially decaying wave, which we call the ’attack withdrawal syndrome’ wave. The conditions for maximizing or minimizing the impact of the attack withdrawal syndrome are determined. Linking the termination of the attack to the end of the full period of the induced pulsation wave has been shown to nullify the attack withdrawal syndrome wave, thereby improving the attack’s covertness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber-attack" title="cyber-attack">cyber-attack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induced%20pulsation" title=" induced pulsation"> induced pulsation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bias%20injection" title=" bias injection"> bias injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalman%20filter" title=" Kalman filter"> Kalman filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BLDC%20motor" title=" BLDC motor"> BLDC motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20system" title=" control system"> control system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=closed%20loop" title=" closed loop"> closed loop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P-%20controller" title=" P- controller"> P- controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PID-controller" title=" PID-controller"> PID-controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saw-function" title=" saw-function"> saw-function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber-physical%20system" title=" cyber-physical system"> cyber-physical system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164883/induced-pulsation-attack-against-kalman-filter-driven-brushless-dc-motor-control-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164883.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12455</span> Generation and Diagnostics of Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge in Argon/Air</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Shrestha">R. Shrestha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20P.%20Subedi"> D. P. Subedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20B.%20Tyata"> R. B. Tyata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20S.%20Wong"> C. S. Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q="> </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a technique for the determination of electron temperatures and electron densities in atmospheric pressure Argon/air discharge by the analysis of optical emission spectra (OES) is reported. The discharge was produced using a high voltage (0-20) kV power supply operating at a frequency of 27 kHz in parallel electrode system, with glass as dielectric. The dielectric layers covering the electrodes act as current limiters and prevent the transition to an arc discharge. Optical emission spectra in the range of (300nm-850nm) were recorded for the discharge with different inter electrode gap keeping electric field constant. Electron temperature (Te) and electron density (ne) are estimated from electrical and optical methods. Electron density was calculated using power balance method. The optical methods are related with line intensity ratio from the relative intensities of Ar-I and Ar-II lines in Argon plasma. The electron density calculated by using line intensity ratio method was compared with the electron density calculated by stark broadening method. The effect of dielectric thickness on plasma parameters (Te and ne) have also been studied and found that Te and ne increases as thickness of dielectric decrease for same inter electrode distance and applied voltage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20density" title="electron density">electron density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20temperature" title=" electron temperature"> electron temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20emission%20spectra" title=" optical emission spectra"> optical emission spectra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=""></a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29426/generation-and-diagnostics-of-atmospheric-pressure-dielectric-barrier-discharge-in-argonair" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12454</span> Theoretical Density Study of Winding Yarns on Spool</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bachir%20Chemani">Bachir Chemani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Halfaoui"> Rachid Halfaoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of work is to define the distribution density of winding yarn on cylindrical and conical bobbins. It is known that parallel winding gives greater density and more regular distribution, but the unwinding of yarn is much more difficult for following process. The conical spool has an enormous advantage during unwinding and may contain a large amount of yarns, but the density distribution is not regular because of difference in diameters. The variation of specific density over the reel height is explained generally by the sudden change of winding speed due to direction movement variation of yarn. We determined the conditions of uniform winding and developed a calculate model to the change of the specific density of winding wire over entire spool height. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile" title="textile">textile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cylindrical%20bobbins" title=" cylindrical bobbins"> cylindrical bobbins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conical%20bobbins" title=" conical bobbins"> conical bobbins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20winding" title=" parallel winding"> parallel winding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross%20winding" title=" cross winding"> cross winding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16154/theoretical-density-study-of-winding-yarns-on-spool" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12453</span> Magneto-Transport of Single Molecular Transistor Using Anderson-Holstein-Caldeira-Leggett Model </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manasa%20Kalla">Manasa Kalla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narasimha%20Raju%20Chebrolu"> Narasimha Raju Chebrolu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashok%20Chatterjee"> Ashok Chatterjee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have studied the quantum transport properties of a single molecular transistor in the presence of an external magnetic field using the Keldysh Green function technique. We also used the Anderson-Holstein-Caldeira-Leggett Model to describe the single molecular transistor that consists of a molecular quantum dot (QD) coupled to two metallic leads and placed on a substrate that acts as a heat bath. The phonons are eliminated by the Lang-Firsov transformation and the effective Hamiltonian is used to study the effect of an external magnetic field on the spectral density function, Tunneling Current, Differential Conductance and Spin polarization. A peak in the spectral function corresponds to a possible excitation. In the presence of a magnetic field, the spin-up and spin-down states are degenerate and this degeneracy is lifted by the magnetic field leading to the splitting of the central peak of the spectral function. The tunneling current decreases with increasing magnetic field. We have observed that even the differential conductance peak in the zero magnetic field curve is split in the presence electron-phonon interaction. As the magnetic field is increased, each peak splits into two peaks. And each peak indicates the existence of an energy level. Thus the number of energy levels for transport in the bias window increases with the magnetic field. In the presence of the electron-phonon interaction, Differential Conductance in general gets reduced and decreases faster with the magnetic field. As magnetic field strength increases, the spin polarization of the current is increasing. Our results show that a strongly interacting QD coupled to metallic leads in the presence of external magnetic field parallel to the plane of QD acts as a spin filter at zero temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anderson-Holstein%20model" title="Anderson-Holstein model">Anderson-Holstein model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caldeira-Leggett%20model" title=" Caldeira-Leggett model"> Caldeira-Leggett model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spin-polarization" title=" spin-polarization"> spin-polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20dots" title=" quantum dots"> quantum dots</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93952/magneto-transport-of-single-molecular-transistor-using-anderson-holstein-caldeira-leggett-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93952.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12452</span> The Influence of Students’ Race and Socioeconomic Status on Teachers’ Assessment of ADHD: Implications for Educational Inequalities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Justine%20McKay">Justine McKay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Implicit Bias and its impact on the schooling experience of racial minorities with ADHD is significant. ADHD has become a globally diagnosed disorder. The lack of an objective diagnostic tool for ADHD has created controversy over the disease and its validity. ADHD is referred to as a social construct or a suburban problem related to active white boys who disrupt classrooms. The subjectivity of an ADHD diagnosis and the diagnostic process is based on norm-referenced checklists of behaviours completed by the student, caregiver, teachers, clinicians, and other community members. Teachers' perceptions of classroom behaviours are influenced by implicit bias related to race and socioeconomic status. The same behaviours displayed by white and marginalized or low-income students are perceived differently. The white student is perceived to be struggling academically and needing support, while the marginalized or lower-income student's behaviour is seen as disruptive or criminal. The presence of teacher implicit bias results in the inequity of diagnosis, and academic support, which has long-term implications for these students. The subjectivity of the diagnostic process socially reproduces the systemic injustice of opportunity for marginalized youth within the education system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ADHD" title="ADHD">ADHD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equity" title=" equity"> equity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implicit%20bias" title=" implicit bias"> implicit bias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subjectivity" title=" subjectivity"> subjectivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164454/the-influence-of-students-race-and-socioeconomic-status-on-teachers-assessment-of-adhd-implications-for-educational-inequalities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164454.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12451</span> A Short Study on the Effects of Public Service Advertisement on Gender Bias in Accessible and Non-Accessible Format</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amrin%20Moger">Amrin Moger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sagar%20Bhalerao"> Sagar Bhalerao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Mathew"> Martin Mathew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Advertisements play a vital role in dissemination of information regarding products and services. Advertisements as Mass Media tool is not only a source of entertainment, but also a source of information, education and entertainment. It provides information about the outside world and exposes us to other ways of life and culture. Public service advertisements (PSA) are generally aimed at public well-being. Aim of PSA is not to make profit, but rather to change public opinion and raise awareness in the Society about a social issue.’ Start with the boys’ is one such PSA aims to create awareness about issue of ‘gender bias’ that is taught prevalent in the society. Persons with disabilities (PWDs) are also consumers of PSA in the society. The population of persons with disability in the society also faces gender bias and discrimination. It is a double discrimination. The advertisement selected for the study gives out a strong message on gender bias and therefore must be accessible to everyone including PWDs in the society. Accessibility of PSA in the digital format can be done with the help of Universal Design (UD) in digital media application. Features of UD inclusive in nature, and it focus on eliminating established barriers through initial designs. It considers the needs of diverse people, whether they are persons with or without disability. In this research two aspects of UD in digital media: captioning and Indian sign language (ISL) is used. Hence a short survey study was under taken to know the effects of a multimedia on gender bias, in accessible format on persons with and without disability. The result demonstrated a significant difference in the opinion, on the usage accessible and non-accessible format for persons with and without disability and their understanding of message in the PSA selected for the study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20service%20advertisements" title="public service advertisements">public service advertisements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disability" title=" disability"> disability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accessibility" title=" accessibility"> accessibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40214/a-short-study-on-the-effects-of-public-service-advertisement-on-gender-bias-in-accessible-and-non-accessible-format" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40214.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12450</span> Production of Low-Density Nanocellular Foam Based on PMMA/PEBAX Blends</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigus%20Maregu%20Demewoz">Nigus Maregu Demewoz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shu-Kai%20Yeh"> Shu-Kai Yeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Low-density nanocellular foam is a fascinating new-generation advanced material due to its mechanical strength and thermal insulation properties. In nanocellular foam, reducing the density increases the insulation ability. However, producing a nanocellular foam of densities less than 0.3 with a cell size of less than 100 nm is very challenging. In this study, poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was blended with Polyether block amide (PEBAX) to study the effects of PEBAX on the nanocellular foam structure of the PMMA matrix. We added 2 wt% of PEBAX in the PMMA matrix, and the PEBAX nanostructured domain size of 45 nm was well dispersed in the PMMA matrix. The foaming result produced a new generation special bouquet-like nanocellular foam of cell size less than 50 nm with a relative density of 0.24. Also, we were able to produce a nanocellular foam of a relative density of about 0.17. In addition to thermal insulation applications, bouquet-like nanocellular foam may be expected for filtration applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocellular%20foam" title="nanocellular foam">nanocellular foam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-density" title=" low-density"> low-density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20size" title=" cell size"> cell size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20density" title=" relative density"> relative density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMMA%2FPEBAX" title=" PMMA/PEBAX"> PMMA/PEBAX</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168389/production-of-low-density-nanocellular-foam-based-on-pmmapebax-blends" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168389.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12449</span> 3D Electrode Carrier and its Implications on Retinal Implants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diego%20Luj%C3%A1n%20Villarreal">Diego Luján Villarreal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Retinal prosthetic devices aim to repair some vision in visual impairment patients by stimulating electrically neural cells in the visual system. In this study, the 3D linear electrode carrier is presented. A simulation framework was developed by placing the 3D carrier 1 mm away from the fovea center at the highest-density cell. Cell stimulation is verified in COMSOL Multiphysics by developing a 3D computational model which includes the relevant retinal interface elements and dynamics of the voltage-gated ionic channels. Current distribution resulting from low threshold amplitudes produces a small volume equivalent to the volume confined by individual cells at the highest-density cell using small-sized electrodes. Delicate retinal tissue is protected by excessive charge density <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retinal%20prosthetic%20devices" title="retinal prosthetic devices">retinal prosthetic devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20devices" title=" visual devices"> visual devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retinal%20implants." title=" retinal implants."> retinal implants.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20prosthetic%20devices" title=" visual prosthetic devices"> visual prosthetic devices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162033/3d-electrode-carrier-and-its-implications-on-retinal-implants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162033.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12448</span> Production of Low-Density Nanocellular Foam Based on PMMA/PEBAX Blends</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigus%20Maregu%20Demewoz">Nigus Maregu Demewoz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shu-Kai%20Yeh"> Shu-Kai Yeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Low-density nanocellular foam is a fascinating new-generation advanced material due to its mechanical strength and thermal insulation properties. In nanocellular foam, reducing the density increases the insulation ability. However, producing a nanocellular foam of densities less than 0.3 with a cell size of less than 100 nm is very challenging. In this study, poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was blended with Polyether block amide (PEBAX) to study the effects of PEBAX on the nanocellular foam structure of the PMMA matrix. We added 2 wt% of PEBAX in the PMMA matrix, and the PEBAX nanostructured domain size of 45 nm was well dispersed in the PMMA matrix. The foaming result produced a new generation special bouquet-like nanocellular foam of cell size less than 50 nm with a relative density of 0.24. Also, we were able to produce a nanocellular foam of a relative density of about 0.17. In addition to thermal insulation applications, bouquet-like nanocellular foam may be expected for filtration applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocellular%20foam" title="nanocellular foam">nanocellular foam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-density" title=" low-density"> low-density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20size" title=" cell size"> cell size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20density" title=" relative density"> relative density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMMA%2FPEBAX%20blend" title=" PMMA/PEBAX blend"> PMMA/PEBAX blend</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168391/production-of-low-density-nanocellular-foam-based-on-pmmapebax-blends" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168391.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12447</span> Mutual Fund Anchoring Bias with its Parent Firm Performance: Evidence from Mutual Fund Industry of Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Tahir">Muhammad Tahir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose The purpose of the study is to find anchoring bias behavior in mutual fund return with its parent firm performance in Pakistan. Research Methodology The paper used monthly returns of equity funds whose parent firm exist from 2011 to 2021, along with parent firm return. Proximity to 52-week highest return calculated by dividing fund return by parent firm 52-week highest return. Control variables are also taken and used pannel regression model to estimate our results. For robust results, we also used feasible generalize least square (FGLS) model. Findings The results showed that there exist anchoring biased in mutual fund return with its parent firm performance. The FGLS results reaffirms the same results as obtained from panner regression results. Proximity to 52-week highest Xc is significant in both models. Research Implication Since most of mutual funds has a parent firm, anchoring behavior biased found in mutual fund with its parent firm performance. Practical Implication Mutual fund investors in Pakistan invest in equity funds in which behavioral bias exist, although there might be better opportunity in market. Originality/Value Addition Our research is a pioneer study to investigate anchoring bias in mutual fund return with its parent firm performance. Research limitations Our sample is limited to only 23 equity funds, which has a parent firm and data was available from 2011 to 2021. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutual%20fund" title="mutual fund">mutual fund</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anchoring%20bias" title=" anchoring bias"> anchoring bias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=52-week%20high%20return" title=" 52-week high return"> 52-week high return</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proximity%20to%2052-week%20high" title=" proximity to 52-week high"> proximity to 52-week high</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parent%20firm%20performance" title=" parent firm performance"> parent firm performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pannel%20regression" title=" pannel regression"> pannel regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FGLS" title=" FGLS"> FGLS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164836/mutual-fund-anchoring-bias-with-its-parent-firm-performance-evidence-from-mutual-fund-industry-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164836.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12446</span> The Mechanism Study on the Difference between High and Low Voltage Performance of Li3V2(PO4)3</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enhui%20Wang">Enhui Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qingzhu%20Ou"> Qingzhu Ou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan%20Tang"> Yan Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaodong%20Guo"> Xiaodong Guo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As one of most popular polyanionic compounds in lithium-ion cathode materials, Li3V2(PO4)3 has always suffered from the low rate capability especially during 3~4.8V, which is considered to be related with the ion diffusion resistance and structural transformation during the Li+ de/intercalation. Here, as the change of cut-off voltages, cycling numbers and current densities, the process of SEI interfacial film’s formation-growing- destruction-repair on the surface of the cathode, the structural transformation during the charge and discharge, the de/intercalation kinetics reflected by the electrochemical impedance and the diffusion coefficient, have been investigated in detail. Current density, cycle numbers and cut-off voltage impacting on interfacial film and structure was studied specifically. Firstly, the matching between electrolyte and material was investigated, it turned out that the batteries with high voltage electrolyte showed the best electrochemical performance and high voltage electrolyte would be the best electrolyte. Secondly, AC impedance technology was used to study the changes of interface impedance and lithium ion diffusion coefficient, the results showed that current density, cycle numbers and cut-off voltage influenced the interfacial film together and the one who changed the interfacial properties most was the key factor. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed that the attenuation of discharge specific capacity was associated with the destruction and repair process of the SEI film. Thirdly, the X-ray diffraction was used to study the changes of structure, which was also impacted by current density, cycle numbers and cut-off voltage. The results indicated that the cell volume of Li3V2 (PO4 )3 increased as the current density increased; cycle numbers merely influenced the structure of material; the cell volume decreased first and moved back gradually after two Li-ion had been deintercalated as the charging cut-off voltage increased, and increased as the intercalation number of Li-ion increased during the discharging process. Then, the results which studied the changes of interface impedance and lithium ion diffusion coefficient turned out that the interface impedance and lithium ion diffusion coefficient increased when the cut-off voltage passed the voltage platforms and decreased when the cut-off voltage was between voltage platforms. Finally, three-electrode system was first adopted to test the activation energy of the system, the results indicated that the activation energy of the three-electrode system (22.385 KJ /mol) was much smaller than that of two-electrode system (40.064 KJ /mol). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cut-off%20voltage" title="cut-off voltage">cut-off voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=de%2Fintercalation%20kinetics" title=" de/intercalation kinetics"> de/intercalation kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20electrolyte%20interphase%20film" title=" solid electrolyte interphase film"> solid electrolyte interphase film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20transformation" title=" structural transformation"> structural transformation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43035/the-mechanism-study-on-the-difference-between-high-and-low-voltage-performance-of-li3v2po43" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43035.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12445</span> Briquetting of Metal Chips by Controlled Impact: Experimental Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Todor%20Penchev">Todor Penchev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitar%20Karastojanov"> Dimitar Karastojanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Altaparmakov"> Ivan Altaparmakov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For briquetting of metal chips are used hydraulic and mechanical presses. The density of the briquettes in this case is about 60% - 70 % on the density of solid metal. In this work are presented the results of experimental studies for briquetting of metal chips, by using a new technology for impact briquetting. The used chips are by Armco iron, steel, cast iron, copper, aluminum and brass. It has been found that: (i) in a controlled impact the density of the briquettes can be increases up to 30%; (ii) at the same specific impact energy Es (J/sm3) the density of the briquettes increases with increasing of the impact velocity; (iii), realization of the repeated impact leads to decrease of chips density, which can be explained by distribution of elastic waves in the briquette. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=briquetting" title="briquetting">briquetting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chips%20briquetting" title=" chips briquetting"> chips briquetting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20briquetting" title=" impact briquetting"> impact briquetting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=controlled%20impact" title=" controlled impact"> controlled impact</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10962/briquetting-of-metal-chips-by-controlled-impact-experimental-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10962.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12444</span> Bias-Corrected Estimation Methods for Receiver Operating Characteristic Surface</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khanh%20To%20Duc">Khanh To Duc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monica%20Chiogna"> Monica Chiogna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gianfranco%20Adimari"> Gianfranco Adimari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With three diagnostic categories, assessment of the performance of diagnostic tests is achieved by the analysis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) surface, which generalizes the ROC curve for binary diagnostic outcomes. The volume under the ROC surface (VUS) is a summary index usually employed for measuring the overall diagnostic accuracy. When the true disease status can be exactly assessed by means of a gold standard (GS) test, unbiased nonparametric estimators of the ROC surface and VUS are easily obtained. In practice, unfortunately, disease status verification via the GS test could be unavailable for all study subjects, due to the expensiveness or invasiveness of the GS test. Thus, often only a subset of patients undergoes disease verification. Statistical evaluations of diagnostic accuracy based only on data from subjects with verified disease status are typically biased. This bias is known as verification bias. Here, we consider the problem of correcting for verification bias when continuous diagnostic tests for three-class disease status are considered. We assume that selection for disease verification does not depend on disease status, given test results and other observed covariates, i.e., we assume that the true disease status, when missing, is missing at random. Under this assumption, we discuss several solutions for ROC surface analysis based on imputation and re-weighting methods. In particular, verification bias-corrected estimators of the ROC surface and of VUS are proposed, namely, full imputation, mean score imputation, inverse probability weighting and semiparametric efficient estimators. Consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimators are established, and their finite sample behavior is investigated by means of Monte Carlo simulation studies. Two illustrations using real datasets are also given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imputation" title="imputation">imputation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=missing%20at%20random" title=" missing at random"> missing at random</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverse%20probability%20weighting" title=" inverse probability weighting"> inverse probability weighting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ROC%20surface%20analysis" title=" ROC surface analysis"> ROC surface analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51883/bias-corrected-estimation-methods-for-receiver-operating-characteristic-surface" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51883.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12443</span> Modeling Thermionic Emission from Carbon Nanotubes with Modified Richardson-Dushman Equation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olukunle%20C.%20Olawole">Olukunle C. Olawole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dilip%20Kumar%20De"> Dilip Kumar De</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have modified Richardson-Dushman equation considering thermal expansion of lattice and change of chemical potential with temperature in material. The corresponding modified Richardson-Dushman (MRDE) equation fits quite well the experimental data of thermoelectronic current density (J) vs T from carbon nanotubes. It provides a unique technique for accurate determination of W0 Fermi energy, EF0 at 0 K and linear thermal expansion coefficient of carbon nano-tube in good agreement with experiment. From the value of EF0 we obtain the charge carrier density in excellent agreement with experiment. We describe application of the equations for the evaluation of performance of concentrated solar thermionic energy converter (STEC) with emitter made of carbon nanotube for future applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotube" title="carbon nanotube">carbon nanotube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20Richardson-Dushman%20equation" title=" modified Richardson-Dushman equation"> modified Richardson-Dushman equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermi%20energy%20at%200%20K" title=" fermi energy at 0 K"> fermi energy at 0 K</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20carrier%20density" title=" charge carrier density"> charge carrier density</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42561/modeling-thermionic-emission-from-carbon-nanotubes-with-modified-richardson-dushman-equation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42561.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12442</span> Coexistence of Superconductivity and Spin Density Wave in Ferropnictide Ba₁₋ₓKₓFe₂As₂</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tadesse%20Desta%20Gidey">Tadesse Desta Gidey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gebregziabher%20Kahsay"> Gebregziabher Kahsay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pooran%20Singh"> Pooran Singh </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work focuses on the theoretical investigation of the coexistence of superconductivity and Spin Density Wave (SDW)in Ferropnictide Ba₁₋ₓKₓFe₂As₂. By developing a model Hamiltonian for the system and by using quantum field theory Green’s function formalism, we have obtained mathematical expressions for superconducting transition temperature TC), spin density wave transition temperature (Tsdw), superconductivity order parameter (Sc), and spin density wave order parameter (sdw). By employing the experimental and theoretical values of the parameters in the obtained expressions, phase diagrams of superconducting transition temperature (TC) versus superconducting order parameter (Sc) and spin density wave transition temperature (Tsdw), versus spin density wave order parameter (sdw) have been plotted. By combining the two phase diagrams, we have demonstrated the possible coexistence of superconductivity and spin density wave (SDW) in ferropnictide Ba1−xKxFe2As2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Superconductivity" title="Superconductivity">Superconductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spin%20density%20wave" title=" Spin density wave"> Spin density wave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Coexistence" title=" Coexistence"> Coexistence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Green%20function" title=" Green function"> Green function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pnictides" title=" Pnictides"> Pnictides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ba%E2%82%81%E2%82%8B%E2%82%93K%E2%82%93Fe%E2%82%82As%E2%82%82" title=" Ba₁₋ₓKₓFe₂As₂"> Ba₁₋ₓKₓFe₂As₂</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119138/coexistence-of-superconductivity-and-spin-density-wave-in-ferropnictide-ba1kfe2as2" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12441</span> Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon-dioxide Using Metal Nano-particles Supported on Nano-Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mulatu%20Kassie%20Birhanu">Mulatu Kassie Birhanu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electrochemical reduction of CO₂ is an emerging and current issue for its conversion in to valuable product upon minimization of its atmospheric level for contribution of maintaining within the range of permissible limit. Among plenty of electro-catalysts gold and copper are efficient and effective catalysts, which are synthesized and applicable for this research work. The two metal catalysts were prepared in inert environment with different compositions through co-reduction process from their corresponding precursors and then by adding multi-walled carbon nano-tube as a supporter and enhanced the conductivity. The catalytic performance of CO₂ reduction for each composition was performed and resulted an outstanding catalytic activity with generation of high current density (70 mA/cm² at 0.91V vs. RHE) and relatively small onset potential. The catalytic performance, compositions, morphologies, structure and geometric arrangements were evaluated by electrochemical analysis (LSV, impedance, chronoamperometry & tafel plot), EDS, SEM and XAS respectively. The composite metals showed better selectivity of products and faradaic efficiencies due to the synergetic effects of the combined nano-particles in addition to the impact of grain size in reduction of CO₂. Carbon monoxide, hydrogen, formate and ethanol are the reduction products, which are detected and quantifiable by chromatographic techniques considering their physical state of each product. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbondioxide" title="carbondioxide">carbondioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=faradaic%20efficiency" title=" faradaic efficiency"> faradaic efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocatalyst" title=" electrocatalyst"> electrocatalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20density" title=" current density"> current density</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184733/electrochemical-reduction-of-carbon-dioxide-using-metal-nano-particles-supported-on-nano-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184733.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">56</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12440</span> The Correlation between Head of Bed Angle and IntraAbdominal Pressure of Intubated Patients; a Pre-Post Clinical Trial</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sedigheh%20Samimian">Sedigheh Samimian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadra%20Ashrafi"> Sadra Ashrafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahereh%20Khaleghdoost%20Mohammadi"> Tahereh Khaleghdoost Mohammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Yeganeh"> Mohammad Reza Yeganeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Ashraf"> Ali Ashraf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamideh%20Hakimi"> Hamideh Hakimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Dehghani"> Maryam Dehghani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The recommended position for measuring Intra-Abdominal Pressure (IAP) is the supine position. However, patients put in this position are prone to Ventilator-associated pneumonia. This study was done to evaluate the relationship between bed head angle and IAP measurements of intubated patients in the intensive care unit. Methods: In this clinical trial, seventy-six critically ill patients under mechanical ventilation were enrolled. IAP measurement was performed every 8 hours for 24 hours using the KORN method in three different degrees of the head of bed (HOB) elevation (0°, 15°, and 30°). Bland-Altman analysis was performed to identify the bias and limits of agreement among the three HOBs. According to World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (WSACS), we can consider two IAP techniques equivalent if a bias of <1 mmHg and limits of agreement of - 4 to +4 were found between them. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software (v. 19), and the significance level was considered as 0.05. Results: The prevalence of intra-abdominal hypertension was 18.42%. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) of IAP were 8.44 ± 4.02 mmHg for HOB angle 0°, 9.58 ± 4.52 for HOB angle 15°, and 11.10 ± 4.73 for HOB angle 30o (p = 0.0001). The IAP measurement bias between HOB angle 0◦ and HOB angle 15° was 1.13 mmHg. This bias was 2.66 mmHg between HOB angle 0° and HOB angle 30°. Conclusion: Elevation of HOB angle from 0 to 30 degree significantly increases IAP. It seems that the measurement of IAP at HOB angle 15° was more reliable than 30°. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure" title="pressure">pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intra-abdominal%20hypertension" title=" intra-abdominal hypertension"> intra-abdominal hypertension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=head%20of%20bed" title=" head of bed"> head of bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20care" title=" critical care"> critical care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compartment%20syndrome" title=" compartment syndrome"> compartment syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supine%20position" title=" supine position"> supine position</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183409/the-correlation-between-head-of-bed-angle-and-intraabdominal-pressure-of-intubated-patients-a-pre-post-clinical-trial" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183409.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12439</span> Combined Influence of Charge Carrier Density and Temperature on Open-Circuit Voltage in Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Douglas%20Yeboah">Douglas Yeboah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monishka%20Narayan"> Monishka Narayan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jai%20Singh"> Jai Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the key parameters in determining the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) is the open-circuit voltage, however, it is still not well understood. In order to examine the performance of OSCs, it is necessary to understand the losses associated with the open-circuit voltage and how best it can be improved. Here, an analytical expression for the open-circuit voltage of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) OSCs is derived from the charge carrier densities without considering the drift-diffusion current. The open-circuit voltage thus obtained is dependent on the donor-acceptor band gap, the energy difference between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the hole quasi-Fermi level of the donor material, temperature, the carrier density (electrons), the generation rate of free charge carriers and the bimolecular recombination coefficient. It is found that open-circuit voltage increases when the carrier density increases and when the temperature decreases. The calculated results are discussed in view of experimental results and agree with them reasonably well. Overall, this work proposes an alternative pathway for improving the open-circuit voltage in BHJ OSCs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20carrier%20density" title="charge carrier density">charge carrier density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open-circuit%20voltage" title=" open-circuit voltage"> open-circuit voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20solar%20cells" title=" organic solar cells"> organic solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68927/combined-influence-of-charge-carrier-density-and-temperature-on-open-circuit-voltage-in-bulk-heterojunction-organic-solar-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12438</span> A Look at the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules from the Discrete Morse Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dairo%20Jose%20Hernandez%20Paez">Dairo Jose Hernandez Paez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) allows us to obtain topological information on electronic density in quantum mechanical systems. The QTAIM starts by considering the electron density as a continuous mathematical object. On the other hand, the discretization of electron density is also a mathematical object, which, from discrete mathematics, would allow a new approach to its topological study. From this point of view, it is necessary to develop a series of steps that provide the theoretical support that guarantees its application. Some of the steps that we consider most important are mentioned below: (1) obtain good representations of the electron density through computational calculations, (2) design a methodology for the discretization of electron density, and construct the simplicial complex. (3) Make an analysis of the discrete vector field associating the simplicial complex. (4) Finally, in this research, we propose to use the discrete Morse theory as a mathematical tool to carry out studies of electron density topology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20mathematics" title="discrete mathematics">discrete mathematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Discrete%20Morse%20theory" title=" Discrete Morse theory"> Discrete Morse theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20density" title=" electronic density"> electronic density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20calculations" title=" computational calculations"> computational calculations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163354/a-look-at-the-quantum-theory-of-atoms-in-molecules-from-the-discrete-morse-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12437</span> Estimation of a Finite Population Mean under Random Non Response Using Improved Nadaraya and Watson Kernel Weights</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nelson%20Bii">Nelson Bii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Ouma"> Christopher Ouma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Odhiambo"> John Odhiambo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non-response is a potential source of errors in sample surveys. It introduces bias and large variance in the estimation of finite population parameters. Regression models have been recognized as one of the techniques of reducing bias and variance due to random non-response using auxiliary data. In this study, it is assumed that random non-response occurs in the survey variable in the second stage of cluster sampling, assuming full auxiliary information is available throughout. Auxiliary information is used at the estimation stage via a regression model to address the problem of random non-response. In particular, the auxiliary information is used via an improved Nadaraya-Watson kernel regression technique to compensate for random non-response. The asymptotic bias and mean squared error of the estimator proposed are derived. Besides, a simulation study conducted indicates that the proposed estimator has smaller values of the bias and smaller mean squared error values compared to existing estimators of finite population mean. The proposed estimator is also shown to have tighter confidence interval lengths at a 95% coverage rate. The results obtained in this study are useful, for instance, in choosing efficient estimators of the finite population mean in demographic sample surveys. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean%20squared%20error" title="mean squared error">mean squared error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20non-response" title=" random non-response"> random non-response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-stage%20cluster%20sampling" title=" two-stage cluster sampling"> two-stage cluster sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confidence%20interval%20lengths" title=" confidence interval lengths"> confidence interval lengths</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117332/estimation-of-a-finite-population-mean-under-random-non-response-using-improved-nadaraya-and-watson-kernel-weights" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12436</span> Velocity Distribution in Density Currents Flowing over Rough Beds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Nasrollahpour">Reza Nasrollahpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Hidayat%20Bin%20Jamal"> Mohamad Hidayat Bin Jamal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zulhilmi%20Bin%20Ismail"> Zulhilmi Bin Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Density currents are generated when the fluid of one density is released into another fluid with a different density. These currents occur in a variety of natural and man-made environments, and this emphasises the importance of studying them. In most practical cases, the density currents flow over the surfaces which are not plane; however, there have been limited investigations in this regard. This study uses laboratory experiments to analyse the influence of bottom roughness on the velocity distribution within these dense underflows. The currents are analysed over a plane surface and three different configurations of beam-roughened beds. The velocity profiles are collected using Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry technique, and the distribution of velocity within these currents is formulated for the tested beds. The results indicate that the empirical power and Gaussian relations can describe the velocity distribution in the inner and outer regions of the profiles, respectively. Moreover, it is found that the bottom roughness is the primary controlling parameter in the inner region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density%20currents" title="density currents">density currents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity%20profiles" title=" velocity profiles"> velocity profiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Acoustic%20Doppler%20Velocimeter" title=" Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter"> Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bed%20roughness" title=" bed roughness"> bed roughness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96631/velocity-distribution-in-density-currents-flowing-over-rough-beds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96631.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12435</span> Enhanced Field Emission from Plasma Treated Graphene and 2D Layered Hybrids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Khare">R. Khare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20V.%20Gelamo"> R. V. Gelamo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20More"> M. A. More</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20J.%20Late"> D. J. Late</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chandra%20Sekhar%20Rout"> Chandra Sekhar Rout</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Graphene emerges out as a promising material for various applications ranging from complementary integrated circuits to optically transparent electrode for displays and sensors. The excellent conductivity and atomic sharp edges of unique two-dimensional structure makes graphene a propitious field emitter. Graphene analogues of other 2D layered materials have emerged in material science and nanotechnology due to the enriched physics and novel enhanced properties they present. There are several advantages of using 2D nanomaterials in field emission based devices, including a thickness of only a few atomic layers, high aspect ratio (the ratio of lateral size to sheet thickness), excellent electrical properties, extraordinary mechanical strength and ease of synthesis. Furthermore, the presence of edges can enhance the tunneling probability for the electrons in layered nanomaterials similar to that seen in nanotubes. Here we report electron emission properties of multilayer graphene and effect of plasma (CO2, O2, Ar and N2) treatment. The plasma treated multilayer graphene shows an enhanced field emission behavior with a low turn on field of 0.18 V/μm and high emission current density of 1.89 mA/cm2 at an applied field of 0.35 V/μm. Further, we report the field emission studies of layered WS2/RGO and SnS2/RGO composites. The turn on field required to draw a field emission current density of 1μA/cm2 is found to be 3.5, 2.3 and 2 V/μm for WS2, RGO and the WS2/RGO composite respectively. The enhanced field emission behavior observed for the WS2/RGO nanocomposite is attributed to a high field enhancement factor of 2978, which is associated with the surface protrusions of the single-to-few layer thick sheets of the nanocomposite. The highest current density of ~800 µA/cm2 is drawn at an applied field of 4.1 V/μm from a few layers of the WS2/RGO nanocomposite. Furthermore, first-principles density functional calculations suggest that the enhanced field emission may also be due to an overlap of the electronic structures of WS2 and RGO, where graphene-like states are dumped in the region of the WS2 fundamental gap. Similarly, the turn on field required to draw an emission current density of 1µA/cm2 is significantly low (almost half the value) for the SnS2/RGO nanocomposite (2.65 V/µm) compared to pristine SnS2 (4.8 V/µm) nanosheets. The field enhancement factor β (~3200 for SnS2 and ~3700 for SnS2/RGO composite) was calculated from Fowler-Nordheim (FN) plots and indicates emission from the nanometric geometry of the emitter. The field emission current versus time plot shows overall good emission stability for the SnS2/RGO emitter. The DFT calculations reveal that the enhanced field emission properties of SnS2/RGO composites are because of a substantial lowering of work function of SnS2 when supported by graphene, which is in response to p-type doping of the graphene substrate. Graphene and 2D analogue materials emerge as a potential candidate for future field emission applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title="graphene">graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layered%20material" title=" layered material"> layered material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20emission" title=" field emission"> field emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma" title=" plasma"> plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=doping" title=" doping"> doping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39080/enhanced-field-emission-from-plasma-treated-graphene-and-2d-layered-hybrids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39080.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12434</span> New Design of a Broadband Microwave Zero Bias Power Limiter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Echchakhaoui">K. Echchakhaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Abdelmounim"> E. Abdelmounim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Zbitou"> J. Zbitou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Bennis"> H. Bennis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Ababssi"> N. Ababssi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Latrach"> M. Latrach</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper a new design of a broadband microwave power limiter is presented and validated into simulation by using ADS software (Advanced Design System) from Agilent technologies. The final circuit is built on microstrip lines by using identical Zero Bias Schottky diodes. The power limiter is designed by Associating 3 stages Schottky diodes. The obtained simulation results permit to validate this circuit with a threshold input power level of 0 dBm until a maximum input power of 30 dBm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Limiter" title="Limiter">Limiter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstrip" title=" microstrip"> microstrip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero-biais" title=" zero-biais"> zero-biais</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ADS" title=" ADS"> ADS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17068/new-design-of-a-broadband-microwave-zero-bias-power-limiter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17068.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">466</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12433</span> Field-Free Orbital Hall Current-Induced Deterministic Switching in the MO/Co₇₁Gd₂₉/Ru Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zelalem%20Abebe%20Bekele">Zelalem Abebe Bekele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kun%20Lei"> Kun Lei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiukai%20Lan"> Xiukai Lan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiangyu%20Liu"> Xiangyu Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Wen"> Hui Wen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaiyou%20Wang"> Kaiyou Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spin-polarized currents offer an efficient means of manipulating the magnetization of a ferromagnetic layer for big data and neuromorphic computing. Research has shown that the orbital Hall effect (OHE) can produce orbital currents, potentially surpassing the counter spin currents induced by the spin Hall effect. However, it’s essential to note that orbital currents alone cannot exert torque directly on a ferromagnetic layer, necessitating a conversion process from orbital to spin currents. Here, we present an efficient method for achieving perpendicularly magnetized spin-orbit torque (SOT) switching by harnessing the localized orbital Hall current generated from a Mo layer within a Mo/CoGd device. Our investigation reveals a remarkable enhancement in the interface-induced planar Hall effect (PHE) within the Mo/CoGd bilayer, resulting in the generation of a z-polarized planar current for manipulating the magnetization of CoGd layer without the need for an in-plane magnetic field. Furthermore, the Mo layer induces out-of-plane orbital current, boosting the in-plane and out-of-plane spin polarization by converting the orbital current into spin current within the dual-property CoGd layer. At the optimal Mo layer thickness, a low critical magnetization switching current density of 2.51×10⁶ A cm⁻² is achieved. This breakthrough opens avenues for all-electrical control energy-efficient magnetization switching through orbital current, advancing the field of spin-orbitronics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spin-orbit%20torque" title="spin-orbit torque">spin-orbit torque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orbital%20hall%20effect" title=" orbital hall effect"> orbital hall effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spin%20hall%20current" title=" spin hall current"> spin hall current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orbital%20hall%20current" title=" orbital hall current"> orbital hall current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interface-generated%20planar%20hall%20current" title=" interface-generated planar hall current"> interface-generated planar hall current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anisotropic%20magnetoresistance" title=" anisotropic magnetoresistance"> anisotropic magnetoresistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182198/field-free-orbital-hall-current-induced-deterministic-switching-in-the-moco71gd29ru-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182198.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">55</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12432</span> Reuse of Historic Buildings for Tourism: Policy Gaps</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Falzon">Joseph Falzon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Margaret%20Nelson"> Margaret Nelson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Regeneration and re-use of abandoned historic buildings present a continuous challenge for policy makers and stakeholders in the tourism and leisure industry. Obsolete historic buildings provide great potential for tourism and leisure accommodation, presenting unique heritage experiences to travellers and host communities. Contemporary demands in the hospitality industry continuously require higher standards, some of which are in conflict with heritage conservation principles. Objective: The aim of this research paper is to critically discuss regeneration policies with stakeholders of the tourism and leisure industry and to examine current practices in policy development and the resultant impact of policies on the Maltese tourism and leisure industry. Research Design: Six semi-structured interviews with stakeholders involved in the tourism and leisure industry participated in the research. A number of measures were taken to reduce bias and thus improve trustworthiness. Clear statements of the purpose of the research study were provided at the start of each interview to reduce expectancy bias. The interviews were semi-structured to minimise interviewer bias. Interviewees were allowed to expand and elaborate as necessary, with only necessary probing questions, to allow free expression of opinion and practices. Interview guide was submitted to participants at least two weeks before the interview to allow participants to prepare for the interview and prevent recall bias during the interview as much as possible. Interview questions and probes contained both positive and negative aspects to prevent interviewer bias. Policy documents were available during the interview to prevent recall bias. Interview recordings were transcribed ‘intelligent’ verbatim. Analysis was carried out using thematic analysis with the coding frame developed independently by two researchers. All phases of the study were governed by research ethics. Findings: Findings were grouped in main themes: financing of regeneration, governance, legislation and policies. Other key issues included value of historic buildings and approaches for regeneration. Whist regeneration of historic buildings was noted, participants discussed a number of barriers that hindered regeneration. Stakeholders identified gaps in policies and gaps at policy implementation stages. European Union funding policies facilitated regeneration initiatives but funding criteria based on economic deliverables presented the intangible heritage gap. Stakeholders identified niche markets for heritage tourism accommodation. Lack of research-based policies was also identified. Conclusion: Potential of regeneration is hindered by inadequate legal framework that supports contemporary needs of the tourism industry. Policies should be developed by active stakeholder participation. Adequate funding schemes have to support the tangible and intangible components of the built heritage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance" title="governance">governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historic%20buildings" title=" historic buildings"> historic buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy" title=" policy"> policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism" title=" tourism"> tourism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58956/reuse-of-historic-buildings-for-tourism-policy-gaps" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58956.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> 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