Abstracts | World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Abstracts | World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</title> <meta name="description" content="Abstracts, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology"> <meta name="keywords" content="abstracts, conferences, meetings, events, science, academy, papers, 2024, 2025, 2026"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value=""> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 87351</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Open Science Index</h1> <section class="jumbotron mt-3 pt-3 pb-1 px-1"> <div class="container"> <div class="text-justify"> <p> The Open Science Index is a highly selective subset of abstracts and papers contributed in the fields of science and technology. The abstracts and articles in the Open Science Index are typically the most consistently high impact titles in scientific disciplines. </p> <p> The Open Science Index promotes the worldwide visibility and accessibility of scientific and technical information from scholarly publishers and societies at no cost. The Open Science Index works with publishers of scholarly information to index peer-reviewed papers and abstracts from all disciplines of research and make them searchable on the internet and digital media space. </p> <p>The publishers / organizers of a peer-reviewed conference, covering highly cited or timely topics are kindly invited to take advantage of the Open Science Index鈥檚 free online publishing and indexing resources and expertise. The peer-reviewed papers and conference proceedings will be published and indexed in a dedicated issue of the Open Science Index, the world鈥檚 leading open access full-text scholarly and scientific research database, offering peer-reviewed abstracts and articles from peer-reviewed scientific contributions. </p> <p>Please note that the Open Science Index does not accept papers from individual authors. Prospective proposals are accepted for technical evaluation and inclusion only from publishers and conference organizers. To submit a proposal publishers and conference organizers are cordially invited to complete the <a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">contact form</a>. </p> <p>Open Science Index enables the fast circulation of high quality scientific and technical information freely available worldwide. Open Science Index is indexed in <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=kfYkqrMAAAAJ&hl=en">Google Scholar</a>, <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.semanticscholar.org/search?q=World%20Academy%20of%20Science%2C%20Engineering%20and%20Technology&sort=relevance"> Semantic Scholar</a>, <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://zenodo.org/communities/waset/?page=1&size=20">Zenedo</a>, <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.openaire.eu/search/find/publications?keyword=World%20Academy%20of%20Science,%20Engineering%20and%20Technology">OpenAIRE</a>, <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.base-search.net/Search/Results?lookfor=World+Academy+of+Science%2C+Engineering+and+Technology+&type=all&oaboost=1&ling=1&name=&newsearch=1&refid=dcbasen ">BASE</a>, <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?qt=worldcat_org_all&q=World+Academy+of+Science%2C+Engineering+and+Technology">WorldCAT</a>, <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/search.php?id=566&fIDnum=|&mode=simple&la=en">Sherpa/RoMEO</a>, and other index databases. <a href="https://waset.org/page/impact-factor">Impact Factor Indicators</a>. <a href="https://waset.org/page/policy-of-screening-for-plagiarism-and-publication-ethics">Policy of Screening for Plagiarism and Publication Ethics</a> </p> </div> </div> </section> <div class="card mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header">Categories</h5> <div class="card-body"> <ul class="row list-unstyled"> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/aerospace-and-mechanical-engineering" title="Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/agricultural-and-biosystems-engineering" title="Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/animal-and-veterinary-sciences" title="Animal and Veterinary Sciences Abstracts" class="small">Animal and Veterinary Sciences</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/architectural-and-environmental-engineering" title="Architectural and Environmental Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Architectural and Environmental Engineering</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/bioengineering-and-life-sciences" title="Bioengineering and Life Sciences Abstracts" class="small">Bioengineering and Life Sciences</a> </li> <li class="w-100"></li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/biological-and-ecological-engineering" title="Biological and Ecological Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Biological and Ecological Engineering</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/biomedical-and-biological-engineering" title="Biomedical and Biological Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Biomedical and Biological Engineering</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/biotechnology-and-bioengineering" title="Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts" class="small">Biotechnology and Bioengineering</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/chemical-and-materials-engineering" title="Chemical and Materials Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Chemical and Materials Engineering</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/chemical-and-molecular-engineering" title="Chemical and Molecular Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Chemical and Molecular Engineering</a> </li> <li class="w-100"></li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/civil-and-architectural-engineering" title="Civil and Architectural Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Civil and Architectural Engineering</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/civil-and-environmental-engineering" title="Civil and Environmental Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Civil and Environmental Engineering</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/cognitive-and-language-sciences" title="Cognitive and Language Sciences Abstracts" class="small">Cognitive and Language Sciences</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/computer-and-information-engineering" title="Computer and Information Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Computer and Information Engineering</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/computer-and-systems-engineering" title="Computer and Systems Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Computer and Systems Engineering</a> </li> <li class="w-100"></li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/economics-and-management-engineering" title="Economics and Management Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Economics and Management Engineering</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/educational-and-pedagogical-sciences" title="Educational and Pedagogical Sciences Abstracts" class="small">Educational and Pedagogical Sciences</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/electrical-and-computer-engineering" title="Electrical and Computer Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Electrical and Computer Engineering</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/electrical-and-information-engineering" title="Electrical and Information Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Electrical and Information Engineering</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/electronics-and-communication-engineering" title="Electronics and Communication Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Electronics and Communication Engineering</a> </li> <li class="w-100"></li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/energy-and-environmental-engineering" title="Energy and Environmental Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Energy and Environmental Engineering</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/energy-and-power-engineering" title="Energy and Power Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Energy and Power Engineering</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/environmental-and-ecological-engineering" title="Environmental and Ecological Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Environmental and Ecological Engineering</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/geological-and-environmental-engineering" title="Geological and Environmental Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Geological and Environmental Engineering</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/geotechnical-and-geological-engineering" title="Geotechnical and Geological Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Geotechnical and Geological Engineering</a> </li> <li class="w-100"></li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/health-and-medical-engineering" title="Health and Medical Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Health and Medical Engineering</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/humanities-and-social-sciences" title="Humanities and Social Sciences Abstracts" class="small">Humanities and Social Sciences</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/industrial-and-manufacturing-engineering" title="Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/industrial-and-systems-engineering" title="Industrial and Systems Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Industrial and Systems Engineering</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/information-and-communication-engineering" title="Information and Communication Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Information and Communication Engineering</a> </li> <li class="w-100"></li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/law-and-political-sciences" title="Law and Political Sciences Abstracts" class="small">Law and Political Sciences</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/marine-and-environmental-sciences" title="Marine and Environmental Sciences Abstracts" class="small">Marine and Environmental Sciences</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/materials-and-metallurgical-engineering" title="Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Materials and Metallurgical Engineering</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/materials-and-textile-engineering" title="Materials and Textile Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Materials and Textile Engineering</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/mathematical-and-computational-sciences" title="Mathematical and Computational Sciences Abstracts" class="small">Mathematical and Computational Sciences</a> </li> <li class="w-100"></li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/mechanical-and-industrial-engineering" title="Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Mechanical and Industrial Engineering</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/mechanical-and-materials-engineering" title="Mechanical and Materials Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Mechanical and Materials Engineering</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/mechanical-and-mechatronics-engineering" title="Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/medical-and-health-sciences" title="Medical and Health Sciences Abstracts" class="small">Medical and Health Sciences</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/nuclear-and-quantum-engineering" title="Nuclear and Quantum Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Nuclear and Quantum Engineering</a> </li> <li class="w-100"></li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/nursing-and-health-sciences" title="Nursing and Health Sciences Abstracts" class="small">Nursing and Health Sciences</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/nutrition-and-food-engineering" title="Nutrition and Food Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Nutrition and Food Engineering</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/pharmacological-and-pharmaceutical-sciences" title="Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Abstracts" class="small">Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/physical-and-mathematical-sciences" title="Physical and Mathematical Sciences Abstracts" class="small">Physical and Mathematical Sciences</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/psychological-and-behavioral-sciences" title="Psychological and Behavioral Sciences Abstracts" class="small">Psychological and Behavioral Sciences</a> </li> <li class="w-100"></li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/social-and-business-sciences" title="Social and Business Sciences Abstracts" class="small">Social and Business Sciences</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/sport-and-health-sciences" title="Sport and Health Sciences Abstracts" class="small">Sport and Health Sciences</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/structural-and-construction-engineering" title="Structural and Construction Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Structural and Construction Engineering</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/transport-and-vehicle-engineering" title="Transport and Vehicle Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Transport and Vehicle Engineering</a> </li> <li class="col text-center mb-2 mx-2 catbox"> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/urban-and-civil-engineering" title="Urban and Civil Engineering Abstracts" class="small">Urban and Civil Engineering</a> </li> <li class="w-100"></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Abstracts | World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology