CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html class="client-nojs skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="et" dir="ltr"> <head> <base href="https://et.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Johannes Kepler – Vikipeedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )etwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","jaanuar","veebruar","märts","aprill","mai","juuni","juuli","august","september","oktoober","november","detsember"],"wgRequestId":"d5630c5e-906b-4835-8a03-96b96af59e55","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Johannes_Kepler","wgTitle":"Johannes Kepler","wgCurRevisionId":6759265,"wgRevisionId":6759265,"wgArticleId": 5502,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"et","wgPageContentLanguage":"et","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Johannes_Kepler","wgRelevantArticleId":5502,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"et","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"et"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true,"wgMFScriptPath":"","wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000 ,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":true,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgSectionTranslationMissingLanguages":[{"lang":"ace","autonym":"Acèh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ady","autonym":"адыгабзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"alt","autonym":"алтай тил","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ami","autonym":"Pangcah","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ang","autonym":"Ænglisc","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ann","autonym":"Obolo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"anp","autonym":"अंगिका","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ary","autonym":"الدارجة","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"av","autonym":"авар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"avk","autonym":"Kotava","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"awa","autonym":"अवधी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ay","autonym":"Aymar aru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ban","autonym":"Basa Bali","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bar","autonym":"Boarisch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bbc","autonym":"Batak Toba","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bcl","autonym":"Bikol Central","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bdr","autonym":"Bajau Sama","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"bew","autonym":"Betawi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bho","autonym":"भोजपुरी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bjn","autonym":"Banjar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"blk","autonym":"ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bm","autonym":"bamanankan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bo","autonym":"བོད་ཡིག","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bpy","autonym":"বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bug","autonym":"Basa Ugi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cdo","autonym":"閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ceb","autonym":"Cebuano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ch","autonym":"Chamoru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"chr","autonym":"ᏣᎳᎩ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cr","autonym":"Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"crh","autonym":"qırımtatarca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cu","autonym":"словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dag","autonym":"dagbanli","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dga","autonym": "Dagaare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"din","autonym":"Thuɔŋjäŋ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"diq","autonym":"Zazaki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dsb","autonym":"dolnoserbski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dtp","autonym":"Kadazandusun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dv","autonym":"ދިވެހިބަސް","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"dz","autonym":"ཇོང་ཁ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ee","autonym":"eʋegbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eml","autonym":"emiliàn e rumagnòl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fat","autonym":"mfantse","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ff","autonym":"Fulfulde","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fj","autonym":"Na Vosa Vakaviti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fo","autonym":"føroyskt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fon","autonym":"fɔ̀ngbè","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frp","autonym":"arpetan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fy","autonym":"Frysk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gag","autonym":"Gagauz","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gan","autonym":"贛語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gcr","autonym":"kriyòl gwiyannen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"glk","autonym":"گیلکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"gom", "autonym":"गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gor","autonym":"Bahasa Hulontalo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gpe","autonym":"Ghanaian Pidgin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gu","autonym":"ગુજરાતી","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guc","autonym":"wayuunaiki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gur","autonym":"farefare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guw","autonym":"gungbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gv","autonym":"Gaelg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hak","autonym":"客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"haw","autonym":"Hawaiʻi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hsb","autonym":"hornjoserbsce","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hyw","autonym":"Արեւմտահայերէն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iba","autonym":"Jaku Iban","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ie","autonym":"Interlingue","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ig","autonym":"Igbo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"igl","autonym":"Igala","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iu","autonym":"ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jam","autonym":"Patois","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kaa","autonym": "Qaraqalpaqsha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kab","autonym":"Taqbaylit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbd","autonym":"адыгэбзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbp","autonym":"Kabɩyɛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kcg","autonym":"Tyap","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kg","autonym":"Kongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kge","autonym":"Kumoring","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ki","autonym":"Gĩkũyũ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kl","autonym":"kalaallisut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"km","autonym":"ភាសាខ្មែរ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"koi","autonym":"перем коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"krc","autonym":"къарачай-малкъар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ks","autonym":"कॉशुर / کٲشُر","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"kus","autonym":"Kʋsaal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kv","autonym":"коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lad","autonym":"Ladino","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lez","autonym":"лезги","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lg","autonym":"Luganda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lld","autonym":"Ladin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ln","autonym":"lingála","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"lo","autonym":"ລາວ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ltg","autonym":"latgaļu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mad","autonym":"Madhurâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mai","autonym":"मैथिली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"map-bms","autonym":"Basa Banyumasan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mdf","autonym":"мокшень","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mhr","autonym":"олык марий","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mi","autonym":"Māori","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"min","autonym":"Minangkabau","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mni","autonym":"ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mnw","autonym":"ဘာသာမန်","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mos","autonym":"moore","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mrj","autonym":"кырык мары","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mt","autonym":"Malti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mwl","autonym":"Mirandés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"myv","autonym":"эрзянь","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nah","autonym":"Nāhuatl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nan","autonym":"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nap","autonym":"Napulitano", "dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nb","autonym":"norsk bokmål","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds-nl","autonym":"Nedersaksies","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ne","autonym":"नेपाली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nia","autonym":"Li Niha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nr","autonym":"isiNdebele seSewula","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nso","autonym":"Sesotho sa Leboa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ny","autonym":"Chi-Chewa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"om","autonym":"Oromoo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"or","autonym":"ଓଡ଼ିଆ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"os","autonym":"ирон","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pag","autonym":"Pangasinan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pap","autonym":"Papiamentu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcd","autonym":"Picard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcm","autonym":"Naijá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pdc","autonym":"Deitsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pwn","autonym":"pinayuanan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rm","autonym":"rumantsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rn","autonym":"ikirundi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rsk","autonym":"руски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rup","autonym": "armãneashti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rw","autonym":"Ikinyarwanda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sat","autonym":"ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sd","autonym":"سنڌي","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"se","autonym":"davvisámegiella","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sg","autonym":"Sängö","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sgs","autonym":"žemaitėška","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shi","autonym":"Taclḥit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shn","autonym":"ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sm","autonym":"Gagana Samoa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"smn","autonym":"anarâškielâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sn","autonym":"chiShona","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"so","autonym":"Soomaaliga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"srn","autonym":"Sranantongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ss","autonym":"SiSwati","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"st","autonym":"Sesotho","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"stq","autonym":"Seeltersk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"szl","autonym":"ślůnski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tay","autonym":"Tayal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tcy","autonym":"ತುಳು","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"tdd","autonym":"ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tet","autonym":"tetun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tg","autonym":"тоҷикӣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ti","autonym":"ትግርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tk","autonym":"Türkmençe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tly","autonym":"tolışi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tn","autonym":"Setswana","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"to","autonym":"lea faka-Tonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tpi","autonym":"Tok Pisin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"trv","autonym":"Seediq","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ts","autonym":"Xitsonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tum","autonym":"chiTumbuka","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tw","autonym":"Twi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ty","autonym":"reo tahiti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tyv","autonym":"тыва дыл","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ve","autonym":"Tshivenda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vec","autonym":"vèneto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vls","autonym":"West-Vlams","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vro","autonym":"võro","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wa","autonym":"walon","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wo" ,"autonym":"Wolof","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xal","autonym":"хальмг","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xh","autonym":"isiXhosa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yue","autonym":"粵語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"za","autonym":"Vahcuengh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zgh","autonym":"ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zu","autonym":"isiZulu","dir":"ltr"}],"wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy", "hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tk","tl","tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf" ,"yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":true,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q8963","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":false,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":true},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0],"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.9"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready", "site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","ext.relatedArticles.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.OpenStreetMap","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.relatedArticles.readMore.bootstrap","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.mffrequentlanguages","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init" ,"mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=et&modules=ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async src="/w/load.php?lang=et&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/JKepler.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1722"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/JKepler.jpg/800px-JKepler.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1148"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/JKepler.jpg/640px-JKepler.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="919"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="Johannes Kepler – Vikipeedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Muuda" href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Kepler&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Vikipeedia (et)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//et.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-By" content="Google"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-To" content="en"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.WgGHrg8C9fE.O/am=DgY/d=1/rs=AN8SPfpNfjzpGCAsUUJ5X-GCaxSfec_Eng/m=corsproxy" data-sourceurl="https://et.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler"></script> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20..48,100..700,0..1,-50..200" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.WgGHrg8C9fE.O/am=DgY/d=1/exm=corsproxy/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfpNfjzpGCAsUUJ5X-GCaxSfec_Eng/m=phishing_protection" data-phishing-protection-enabled="false" data-forms-warning-enabled="true" data-source-url="https://et.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler"></script> <meta name="robots" content="none"> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Johannes_Kepler rootpage-Johannes_Kepler stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.WgGHrg8C9fE.O/am=DgY/d=1/exm=corsproxy,phishing_protection/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfpNfjzpGCAsUUJ5X-GCaxSfec_Eng/m=navigationui" data-environment="prod" data-proxy-url="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog" data-proxy-full-url="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johannes_Kepler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-source-url="https://et.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" data-source-language="auto" data-target-language="en" data-display-language="en-GB" data-detected-source-language="et" data-is-source-untranslated="false" data-source-untranslated-url="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler&anno=2" data-client="tr"></script> <div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"><a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johannes_Kepler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"><input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--menu"></span> <span></span> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipeedia:Esileht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--home"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Esileht</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eri:Juhuslik_artikkel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--die"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Juhuslik</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eri:L%C3%A4hikond?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--mapPin"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Lähikond</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--login" href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eri:Sisselogimine&returnto=Johannes+Kepler&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--logIn"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Logi sisse</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eri:Mobiili_suvandid&returnto=Johannes+Kepler&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--settings"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Sätted</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source%3Ddonate%26utm_medium%3Dsidebar%26utm_campaign%3DC13_et.wikipedia.org%26uselang%3Det%26utm_key%3Dminerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--heart"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Annetused</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipeedia:Tiitelandmed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Tiitelandmed</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipeedia:%C3%9Cldine_lahti%C3%BCtlus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Lahtiütlused</span> </a></li> </ul> </div><label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipeedia:Esileht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-et.svg" alt="Vikipeedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"><input type="hidden" name="title" value="Eri:Otsimine"> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Otsi Vikipeediast" aria-label="Otsi Vikipeediast" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Otsi vikist [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Otsi</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="Kasutaja navigatsioon"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Johannes Kepler</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> saksa astroloog, astronoom, optik, matemaatik ja natuurfilosoof </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johannes_Kepler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Keel" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Keel</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eri:Sisselogimine&returnto=Johannes+Kepler&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Jälgi</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Kepler&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Muuda</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168"></span></span></td> <td> <i>See artikkel räägib astronoomist; teleskoobi kohta vaata artiklit <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kepler_(kosmoseteleskoop)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kepler (kosmoseteleskoop)">Kepler (kosmoseteleskoop)</a>.</i></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <hr> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> <b>See artikkel</b> <b>ootab <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Keeletoimetamine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Keeletoimetamine">keeletoimetamist</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"> <br><small>Kui oskad, siis palun aita <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DJohannes_Kepler%26action%3Dedit">artiklit keeleliselt parandada</a>.</small> <small>(<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juhend:Toimetusm%C3%A4rkuste_eemaldamine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juhend:Toimetusmärkuste eemaldamine">Kuidas ja millal see märkus eemaldada?</a>)</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> <b>Artiklis ei ole piisavalt <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipeedia:Viitamine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vikipeedia:Viitamine">viiteid</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"> <br><small>Palun aita väiteid kontrollida ja <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DJohannes_Kepler%26action%3Dedit">viiteid lisada</a></small>. <small>(<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juhend:Toimetusm%C3%A4rkuste_eemaldamine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juhend:Toimetusmärkuste eemaldamine">Kuidas ja millal see märkus eemaldada?</a>)</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><b>Johannes Kepler</b> (ladinapäraselt <i>Ioannes Kepler</i>; <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27._detsember?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27. detsember">27. detsember</a> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1571?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1571">1571</a> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Weil_der_Stadt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Weil der Stadt">Weil der Stadt</a> – <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/15._november?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="15. november">15. november</a> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1630?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1630">1630</a> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regensburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a>) oli <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saksamaa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saksamaa">saksa</a> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Astroloog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Astroloog">astroloog</a>, <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Astronoom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronoom">astronoom</a>, optik, <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matemaatik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matemaatik">matemaatik</a> ja natuurfilosoof.</p> <table class="infobox biography vcard" style="width:22em"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold"><span class="fn">Johannes Kepler</span></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fail:JKepler.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/JKepler.jpg/220px-JKepler.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/JKepler.jpg/330px-JKepler.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/JKepler.jpg/440px-JKepler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="836" data-file-height="1200"></a></span> <div> 1620 Johannes Kepleri portreest </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="padding-right: 1em">Sündinud</th> <td>27. detsember 1571<br><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Weil_der_Stadt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Weil der Stadt">Weil der Stadt</a>, <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saksa-Rooma_riik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saksa-Rooma riik">Saksa-Rooma riik</a> (tänapäeva <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saksamaa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saksamaa">Saksamaa</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="padding-right: 1em">Surnud</th> <td>15. november 1630 (58-aastaselt)<br><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regensburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a>, Saksa-Rooma riik</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="padding-right: 1em">Elukoht</th> <td><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Württemberg">Württemberg</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="padding-right: 1em">Rahvus</th> <td>sakslane</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Teadlaskarjäär</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="padding-right: 1em">Tegevusalad</th> <td><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Astronoomia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Astronoomia">Astronoomia</a><br><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Astroloogia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Astroloogia">Astroloogia</a><br><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matemaatika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matemaatika">Matemaatika</a><br><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Loodusfilosoofia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Loodusfilosoofia">Loodusfilosoofia</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="padding-right: 1em">Töökohad</th> <td><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C3%BCbingeni_%C3%BClikool?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tübingeni ülikool">Tübingeni ülikool</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Autogramm</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fail:Unterschrift_Kepler.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Unterschrift_Kepler.svg/100px-Unterschrift_Kepler.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Unterschrift_Kepler.svg/150px-Unterschrift_Kepler.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Unterschrift_Kepler.svg/200px-Unterschrift_Kepler.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="216" data-file-height="61"></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Teda tuntakse <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kepleri_seadused?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kepleri seadused">Kepleri seaduste</a> (<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Planeet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Planeet">planeetide</a> liikumise seaduste) järgi, mis on esitatud raamatutes "<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Astronomia_nova?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Astronomia nova">Astronomia nova</a>", "<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harmonices_Mundi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonices Mundi">Harmonices Mundi</a>" ja õpikus "Koperniku astronoomia kokkuvõte". Need tööd olid <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isaac_Newton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newtoni</a> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gravitatsiooniseadus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gravitatsiooniseadus">ülemaailmse gravitatsiooniteooria</a> üks aluseid.</p> <p>Kepler tegi ka põhjapanevat tööd <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Optika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Optika">optika</a> alal ning kinnitas astronoomilisi avastusi, mille tegi <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teleskoop?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teleskoop">teleskoobi</a> abil tema kaasaegne <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Galileo_Galilei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a>.</p> <p>Matemaatikas on üks integraalide arvutamise arvutusmeetod tema järgi nimetatud <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kepleri_vaadireegel&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kepleri vaadireegel (pole veel kirjutatud)">Kepleri vaadireegliks</a>. Oma sissejuhatusega logaritmarvutusse aitas Kepler kaasa selle arvutusviisi levikule Saksamaal.</p> <p>Kepler oli matemaatikaõpetaja <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Linz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Linz">Linzis</a>, <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tycho_Brahe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a> abiline, Grazi seminarikooli (hilisem <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grazi_%C3%BClikool?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Grazi ülikool">Grazi ülikool</a>) matemaatikaõppejõud, <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saksa-Rooma_keiser?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saksa-Rooma keiser">keiser</a> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rudolf_II_(Saksa-Rooma_keiser)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolf II (Saksa-Rooma keiser)">Rudolf II</a> õuematemaatik, matemaatikaõpetaja <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Linz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Linz">Linzis</a> ja <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albrecht_von_Wallenstein?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albrecht von Wallenstein">Albrecht von Wallensteini</a> õueastroloog.</p> <p>Kepleri ajal ei tehtud selget vahet <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Astronoomia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Astronoomia">astronoomia</a> ja <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Astroloogia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Astroloogia">astroloogia</a> vahel, küll aga astronoomia kui vabade kunstide hulka kuuluva matemaatika haru ning füüsika kui (prestiižsema) filosoofia haru vahel. Kepleri argumentidel on sageli <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teoloogia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teoloogia">teoloogiline</a> iseloom. <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carl_Sagan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carl Sagan">Carl Sagan</a> on teda nimetanud esimeseks <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Astrof%C3%BC%C3%BCsika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Astrofüüsika">astrofüüsikuks</a> ja viimaseks teaduslikuks astroloogiks.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="et" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sisukord</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johannes_Kepler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Elulugu"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Elulugu</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johannes_Kepler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lapsep%C3%B5lv_ja_%C3%B5pingud_(1571%E2%80%931594)"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Lapsepõlv ja õpingud (1571–1594)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johannes_Kepler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Matemaatika%C3%B5petajana_Grazis_(1594%E2%80%931600)"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Matemaatikaõpetajana Grazis (1594–1600)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johannes_Kepler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tycho_Brahe_abiline_(1600%E2%80%931601)"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Tycho Brahe abiline (1600–1601)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johannes_Kepler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Keiserlik_%C3%B5uematemaatik_Prahas_(1601%E2%80%931612)"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Keiserlik õuematemaatik Prahas (1601–1612)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johannes_Kepler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Linzis_(1612%E2%80%931627)"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Linzis (1612–1627)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johannes_Kepler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kepler_ja_Wallenstein_(1627%E2%80%931630)"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">Kepler ja Wallenstein (1627–1630)</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johannes_Kepler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Uurimist%C3%B6%C3%B6"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Uurimistöö</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johannes_Kepler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%22Mysterium_Cosmographicum%22"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">"Mysterium Cosmographicum"</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johannes_Kepler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%22De_Stella_nova_in_pede_Serpentarii%22"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">"De Stella nova in pede Serpentarii"</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johannes_Kepler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%22Astronomia_nova%22"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">"Astronomia nova"</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johannes_Kepler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%22Harmonices_mundi%22"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">"Harmonices mundi"</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johannes_Kepler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Teised_uurimused"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Teised uurimused</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johannes_Kepler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kepleri_seadused"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Kepleri seadused</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johannes_Kepler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Teadusfilosoofiline_t%C3%B5lgendus"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Teadusfilosoofiline tõlgendus</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johannes_Kepler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#V%C3%A4lislingid"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Välislingid</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Elulugu">Elulugu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Kepler&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muuda alaosa "Elulugu"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>muuda</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Lapsepõlv_ja_õpingud_(1571–1594)"><span id="Lapsep.C3.B5lv_ja_.C3.B5pingud_.281571.E2.80.931594.29"></span>Lapsepõlv ja õpingud (1571–1594)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Kepler&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muuda alaosa "Lapsepõlv ja õpingud (1571–1594)"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>muuda</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fail:Kepler-Geburtshaus.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kepler-Geburtshaus.jpg/220px-Kepler-Geburtshaus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="511" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="1586"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 511px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kepler-Geburtshaus.jpg/220px-Kepler-Geburtshaus.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="511" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kepler-Geburtshaus.jpg/330px-Kepler-Geburtshaus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Kepler-Geburtshaus.jpg/440px-Kepler-Geburtshaus.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Johannes Kepleri sünnimaja Weil der Stadtis </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fail:Great_Comet_of_1577.gif?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Great_Comet_of_1577.gif/220px-Great_Comet_of_1577.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="481"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 163px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Great_Comet_of_1577.gif/220px-Great_Comet_of_1577.gif" data-width="220" data-height="163" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Great_Comet_of_1577.gif/330px-Great_Comet_of_1577.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Great_Comet_of_1577.gif/440px-Great_Comet_of_1577.gif 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> 1577. aasta komeet. Kaasaegne <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Puul%C3%B5ige?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Puulõige">puulõige</a>, autor Jiri Daschitzsky </figcaption> </figure> <p>Johannes Kepler sündis 27. detsembril 1571 <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vaba_riigilinn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vaba riigilinn">vabas riigilinnas</a> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Weil_der_Stadt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Weil der Stadt">Weil der Stadtis</a>. Praegu kuulub see <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stuttgart?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgardi</a> kesklinnast 30 km lääne pool asuv linn <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württembergi</a> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Stuttgardi_piirkond&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Stuttgardi piirkond (pole veel kirjutatud)">Stuttgardi piirkonda</a>. Tema vanaisa oli olnud selle linna linnapea, kuid Johannese sündimise ajal ei käinud perekonna käsi hästi. Johannese isa Heinrich Kepler oli <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palgas%C3%B5dur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palgasõdur">palgasõdur</a> ning kui Johannes oli viieaastane, jättis isa oma perekonna maha. Arvatakse, et isa suri sõja ajal Hollandis. Johannese ema <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katharina_Kepler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katharina Kepler">Katharina</a> oli <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B5rtsmik&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kõrtsmik (pole veel kirjutatud)">kõrtsmiku</a> tütar ning ravitseja ja ravimtaimede tundja, keda peeti <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%B5id?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nõid">nõiaks</a> ning hiljem süüdistati nõiduses.</p> <p>Johannes sündis <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Enneaegne_laps&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Enneaegne laps (pole veel kirjutatud)">enneaegsena</a>, mistõttu oli ta enda väitel nõrk ja haiglane laps. Vaimselt oli ta aga varaküps. Ta avaldas vanaisa kõrtsi külastavatele ränduritele muljet oma haruldase matemaatikaandega.</p> <p>Astronoomia ja astroloogiaga tutvustas ema poissi varakult. Viieaastasena vaatles ta <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1577?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1577">1577</a>. aasta <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Komeet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Komeet">komeeti</a>. Selle kohta on ta kirjutanud: "ema viis mind kõrgele kohale seda vaatama". <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1580?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1580">1580</a>. aastal, kaheksa-aastasena vaatles ta <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuuvarjutus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuuvarjutus">kuuvarjutust</a>. Ta kirjutab: "Mind kutsuti õue... See nägi välja päris punane." Lapsepõlves põetud <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%B5uged?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rõuged">rõuged</a> kahjustasid Kepleri nägemist, mistõttu ei saanud ta ise kuigi palju vaadelda, vaid pidi piirduma arvutustega.</p> <p>Johannes Kepler elas 1579–1584 vanematega <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ellmendingen&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ellmendingen (pole veel kirjutatud)">Ellmendingenis</a>, kus tema isa oli rendile võtnud kõrtsi Sonne.</p> <p>Koolis õppis ta väga hästi, kuid teda kiusati. Kepler pidas end füüsiliselt eemaletõukavaks. Arvatavasti sukeldus ta just üksinduses lohutust otsides mõtete ja religiooni maailma.</p> <p>16. oktoobrist <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1584?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1584">1584</a> käis ta <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Adelberg&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Adelberg (pole veel kirjutatud)">Adelbergi</a> kloostrikoolis. Ta lõpetas <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Algkool?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Algkool">algkooli</a> ja <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ladina_kool&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ladina kool (pole veel kirjutatud)">ladina kooli</a>. 26. novembrist <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1586?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1586">1586</a> õppis ta <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Maulbronni_evangeelne_seminar&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Maulbronni evangeelne seminar (pole veel kirjutatud)">Maulbronni evangeelses seminaris</a> (endises <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Naulbronni_klooster&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Naulbronni klooster (pole veel kirjutatud)">Maulbronni kloostris</a>). <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1589?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1589">1589</a> asus ta hoolimata tagasihoidlikest perekondlikest oludest <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C3%BCbingeni_%C3%BClikool?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tübingeni ülikool">Tübingeni ülikoolis</a> (<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=T%C3%BCbinger_Stift&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tübinger Stift (pole veel kirjutatud)">Tübinger Stift</a>) <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teoloogia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teoloogia">teoloogiat</a> õppima. Ülikoolis näitas ta end hiilgava matemaatikuna ja omandas oskusliku <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Astroloog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Astroloog">astroloogi</a> maine.</p> <p><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michael_Maestlin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michael Maestlin">Michael Maestlini</a> käe all õppis ta nii <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ptolemaiose_maailmas%C3%BCsteem&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ptolemaiose maailmasüsteem (pole veel kirjutatud)">Ptolemaiose maailmasüsteemi</a> kui ka <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Koperniku_maailmas%C3%BCsteem&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Koperniku maailmasüsteem (pole veel kirjutatud)">Koperniku maailmasüsteemi</a>. Temast sai Koperniku süsteemi pooldaja ning ta kaitses üliõpilaste dispuutides <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heliotsentriline_maailmas%C3%BCsteem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heliotsentriline maailmasüsteem">heliotsentrilist maailmasüsteemi</a> nii teoloogia kui ka teaduse seisukohast.</p> <p>Õpingute ajal sõbrunes ta jurist <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christian_Besold&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Christian Besold (pole veel kirjutatud)">Christian Besoldiga</a>.</p> <p>Kuigi ta ise tahtis saada vaimulikuks, anti Keplerile soovitus <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matemaatika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matemaatika">matemaatika</a>- ja <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Astronoomia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Astronoomia">astronoomiaõpetaja</a> kohale <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Graz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Graz">Grazi</a> protestantlikus koolis. Aprillis <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1594?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1594">1594</a> võttis ta selle koha 23-aastasena vastu.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Matemaatikaõpetajana_Grazis_(1594–1600)"><span id="Matemaatika.C3.B5petajana_Grazis_.281594.E2.80.931600.29"></span>Matemaatikaõpetajana Grazis (1594–1600)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Kepler&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muuda alaosa "Matemaatikaõpetajana Grazis (1594–1600)"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>muuda</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Grazis hakkas Kepler arendama Koperniku maailmasüsteemil põhinevat originaalset teooriat, mille ta avaldas <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1596?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1596">1596</a> raamatus "<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mysterium_Cosmographicum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mysterium Cosmographicum">Mysterium Cosmographicum</a>" ("Kosmograafiline müsteerium").</p> <p>Detsembris 1595 tutvustati Keplerile 23-aastast kahekordset leske Barbara Müllerit, kellel oli väike tütar. Kepler hakkas temaga kurameerima. Müller oli oma abikaasade varanduse pärija ning eduka möldri tütar. Kuigi Kepler oli aadlik, oli Barbara isa Jobst algul abielu vastu. Jobst leebus, kui Kepler oli valmis saanud raamatu "Mysterium Cosmographicum", kuid kihlus oleks äärepealt katkenud, kui Kepler käis raamatu ilmumise asju ajamas. Kirik avaldas aga Mülleritele survet, et nad lepingust kinni peaksid. Barbara ja Johannes abiellusid <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27._aprill?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="27. aprill">27. aprillil</a> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1597?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1597">1597</a>.</p> <p>Abielu kahel esimesel aastal sündisid neil lapsed Heinrich ja Susanna, kes mõlemad surid väiksena. Aastal <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1602?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1602">1602</a> sündis neil tütar Susanna, <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1604?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1604">1604</a> poeg Friedrich ja <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1607?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1607">1607</a> poeg Ludwig. (Naine suri <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1611?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1611">1611</a> ning temast jäi järele kaks Johannese last ja üks laps varasemast abielust.)</p> <p>Pärast raamatu "Mysterium Cosmographicum" ilmumist alustas Kepler Grazi kooli inspektorite heakskiidul auahnet programmi oma töö jätkamiseks. Ta kavandas veel nelja raamatut: ühe Universumi statsionaarsete aspektide kohta (Päike ja <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kinnist%C3%A4ht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kinnistäht">kinnistähed</a>, ühe planeetide ja nende liikumise kohta, ühe planeetide füüsikalise loomuse kohta ning geograafiliste omaduste kujunemise kohta (käsitledes eriti Maad) ning ühe taeva mõju kohta Maale (atmosfäärioptika, meteoroloogia ja astroloogia)).</p> <p>Ta küsis ka arvamusi paljudelt astronoomidelt, kellele ta oma teose oli saatnud. Nende seas oli <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rudolf_II_(Saksa-Rooma_keiser)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolf II (Saksa-Rooma keiser)">Rudolf II</a> õueastronoom <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Reimarus_Ursus&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Reimarus Ursus (pole veel kirjutatud)">Reimarus Ursus</a> (Nicolaus Reimers Bär), kes oli <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tycho_Brahe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a> rivaal. Ursus ei vastanud otse, kuid avaldas Kepleri meelitava kirja, kasutades seda prioriteedivaidluses Tycho Brahega <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tycho_maailmas%C3%BCsteem&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tycho maailmasüsteem (pole veel kirjutatud)">Tycho maailmasüsteemi</a> üle. Hoolimata sellest plekist alustas Tycho Kepleriga kirjavahetust, alustades Kepleri süsteemi karmist, kuid õiglasest kriitikast. Muuhulgas heitis Tycho Keplerile ette Koperniku ebatäpsete arvandmete kasutamist. Kirjavahetus puudutas paljusid astronoomia probleeme, eriti Kuu nähtusi ja Koperniku teooriat (eriti selle teoloogilist elujõulisust). Ent ilma Tycho käsutuses olevate täpsemate andmeteta polnud Kepleril võimalik paljusid neist probleemidest lahendada.</p> <p>Selle asemel koondas ta tähelepanu <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kronoloogia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kronoloogia">kronoloogiale</a> ja "harmooniale", <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Numeroloogia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Numeroloogia">numeroloogilistele</a> seostele muusika, matemaatika ja füüsilise maailma vahel, ning nende järelmitele astroloogias. Oletades, et Maal on <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hing">hing</a> (omadus, millega ta hiljem seletas, kuidas Päike põhjustab planeetide liikumist), rajas ta spekulatiivse süsteemi, mis seostas astroloogilisi <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aspekt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Aspekt">aspekte</a> ja astronoomilisi kaugusi ilmaga ning teiste maiste nähtustega.</p> <p>Aastaks <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1599?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1599">1599</a> tundis ta aga jälle, et tema tööd piirab saadaolevate andmete ebatäpsus. Tema ametikohta Grazis ohustasid kasvavad usulised pinged. Rangemaks muutuv <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vastureformatsioon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vastureformatsioon">vastureformatsioon</a> piiras protestantide usuvabadust ja poliitilisi õigusi. Detsembris 1599 kutsus Tycho Brahe Kepleri <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Praha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Praha">Praha</a> lähedale <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ben%C3%A1tky_nad_Jizerou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Benátky nad Jizerou">Benátkysse</a> külla. 1. jaanuaril 1600 (ta ei olnud siis veel Brahe kutset kätte saanud) hakkas Kepler lootma, et Tycho eestkoste lahendab nii tema filosoofilised kui ka sotsiaal- ja finantsprobleemid.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Tycho_Brahe_abiline_(1600–1601)"><span id="Tycho_Brahe_abiline_.281600.E2.80.931601.29"></span>Tycho Brahe abiline (1600–1601)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Kepler&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muuda alaosa "Tycho Brahe abiline (1600–1601)"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>muuda</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fail:Brahe_kepler.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Brahe_kepler.jpg/220px-Brahe_kepler.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="1030"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 181px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Brahe_kepler.jpg/220px-Brahe_kepler.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="181" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Brahe_kepler.jpg/330px-Brahe_kepler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Brahe_kepler.jpg/440px-Brahe_kepler.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Tycho Brahe ja Johannes Kepleri monument Prahas </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4._veebruar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4. veebruar">4. veebruaril</a> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1600?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1600">1600</a> kohtus Kepler Tycho Brahega ning tema abiliste <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Franz_Tengnagel&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Franz Tengnagel (pole veel kirjutatud)">Franz Tengnageli</a> ja <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christen_S%C3%B8rensen_Longomontanus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christen Sørensen Longomontanus">Longomontanusega</a> umbes 50 km kaugusel Praha lähedal <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ben%C3%A1tky_nad_Jizerou?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Benátky nad Jizerou">Benátky nad Jizerous</a>, kus ehitati uut <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Observatoorium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Observatoorium">observatooriumi</a>. Kepler elas seal kaks kuud külalisena, analüüsides mõningaid Tycho Brahe vaatlusi <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marss_(planeet)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Marss (planeet)">Marsist</a>. Tycho valvas oma andmeid kiivalt, kuid Kepleri teoreetilised ideed avaldasid talle muljet ning varsti näitas ta rohkem andmeid. Kepler kavatses kontrollida raamatus "Mysterium Cosmographicum" esitatud teooriat Marsi andmetel, kuid leidis, et see võtaks kuni kaks aastat aega (sest ta ei tohtinud andmeid endale ümber kirjutada). <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Jessenius&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Johannes Jessenius (pole veel kirjutatud)">Johannes Jesseniuse</a> abiga püüdis Kepler Tycho Brahega formaalsemat lepingut sõlmida, kuid läbirääkimised katkesid ägeda tüli tõttu ja Kepler lahkus 6. aprillil Prahasse. Varsti leppisid nad ära ning leppisid lõpuks kokku töötasus ja elamistingimustes. Juunis sõitis Kepler Grazi oma perekonna järele.</p> <p>Poliitilis-usuliste raskuste tõttu Grazis ei saanud Kepler kohe Tycho juurde tagasi minna. Lootes jätkata oma astronoomilist uurimistööd, taotles Kepler matemaatikukohta ertshertsog Ferdinandi juures. Selleks koostas ta Ferdinandile pühendatud kirjatöö, milles ta esitas Kuu liikumise jõuteooria ("In Terra inest virtus, quae Lunam ciet" – Maal on jõud (<i>virtus</i>), millega ta Kuud liikuma paneb). Kuigi see kirjatöö ei toonud talle kohta Ferdinandi õukonnas, sai see gravitatsiooniteooria eelkäija aluseks tema hilisemale uurimistööle planeetide liikumise alal. Selles oli esitatud ka <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuuvarjutus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuuvarjutus">kuuvarjutuste</a> mõõtmise uus meetod, mida ta rakendas 10. juuli kuuvarjutuse ajal Grazis. Neist vaatlustest sai alguse tema optika seaduste alane uurimistöö, mille kulminatsiooniks sai "<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Astronomiae_Pars_Optica&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Astronomiae Pars Optica (pole veel kirjutatud)">Astronomiae Pars Optica</a>".</p> <p>2. augustil 1600 pagendati Kepler, kes oli keeldunud <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katoliiklus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katoliiklus">katoliiklusse</a> pöördumast, kogu perekonnaga Grazist. Mõni kuu hiljem läks Kepler koos perekonnaga Prahasse tagasi. Suurema osa <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1601?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1601">1601</a>. aastast pidas teda ülal Tycho; Kepler analüüsis planeetide vaatluste andmeid ja kirjutas pamfletti Tycho rivaali Ursuse vastu, kes oli selleks ajaks surnud. Septembris andis Tycho talle tööd kaastöölisena uues projektis, mille ta keisrile ette pani. See oli "<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tabulae_Rudolphinae&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tabulae Rudolphinae (pole veel kirjutatud)">Tabulae Rudolphinae</a>".</p> <p>Kepleri ja Brahe koostöö kulges komplitseeritud õhkkonnas. Mõlemad teadsid, et nende anded täiendasid teineteist: Brahe oli suurepärane vaatleja, kuid tema matemaatilised võimed olid piiratud; silmapaistev matemaatik Kepler ei suutnud oma halva nägemise tõttu täpseid vaatlusi teha. Brahe kartis, et tema elutöö – planeetide ja sadade tähtede vaatlused – paneb aluse ainult Kepleri kuulsusele. Pealegi jagas Brahe Koperniku ja Kepleri astronoomiaalaseid vaateid vaid osaliselt.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Keiserlik_õuematemaatik_Prahas_(1601–1612)"><span id="Keiserlik_.C3.B5uematemaatik_Prahas_.281601.E2.80.931612.29"></span>Keiserlik õuematemaatik Prahas (1601–1612)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Kepler&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muuda alaosa "Keiserlik õuematemaatik Prahas (1601–1612)"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>muuda</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fail:Kepler_-_Ad_Vitellionem_paralipomena_quibus_astronomiae_pars_optica_traditur,_1604_-_158093_F.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Kepler_-_Ad_Vitellionem_paralipomena_quibus_astronomiae_pars_optica_traditur%2C_1604_-_158093_F.jpg/220px-Kepler_-_Ad_Vitellionem_paralipomena_quibus_astronomiae_pars_optica_traditur%2C_1604_-_158093_F.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1084" data-file-height="1396"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 283px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Kepler_-_Ad_Vitellionem_paralipomena_quibus_astronomiae_pars_optica_traditur%2C_1604_-_158093_F.jpg/220px-Kepler_-_Ad_Vitellionem_paralipomena_quibus_astronomiae_pars_optica_traditur%2C_1604_-_158093_F.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="283" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Kepler_-_Ad_Vitellionem_paralipomena_quibus_astronomiae_pars_optica_traditur%2C_1604_-_158093_F.jpg/330px-Kepler_-_Ad_Vitellionem_paralipomena_quibus_astronomiae_pars_optica_traditur%2C_1604_-_158093_F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Kepler_-_Ad_Vitellionem_paralipomena_quibus_astronomiae_pars_optica_traditur%2C_1604_-_158093_F.jpg/440px-Kepler_-_Ad_Vitellionem_paralipomena_quibus_astronomiae_pars_optica_traditur%2C_1604_-_158093_F.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <i>Astronomiae pars optica</i> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Kaks päeva pärast Tycho ootamatut surma <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/24._oktoober?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="24. oktoober">24. oktoobril</a> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1601?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1601">1601</a> määrati Kepler tema järglaseks keiserliku õuematemaatiku kohal. Sellele ametikohale jäi ta ka järgmiste keisrite <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matthias_(Saksa-Rooma_keiser)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matthias (Saksa-Rooma keiser)">Matthiase</a> ja <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferdinand_II_(Saksa-Rooma_keiser)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand II (Saksa-Rooma keiser)">Ferdinand II</a> ajal. Ta päris Tycho vaatlusandmed ja kohustuse tema töö "Tabulae Rudolphinae" lõpule viia. Järgmised 11 aastat keiserliku matemaatikuna olid tema elus kõige produktiivsemad.</p> <p>Kepleri põhiülesanne keiserliku matemaatikuna oli keisri astroloogiline nõustamine. Kuigi Kepler ei pidanud võimalikuks tulevikku täpselt ennustada, oli ta oma sõpradele, perekonnaliikmetele ja patroonidele üksikasjalikke <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Horoskoop?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Horoskoop">horoskoope</a> koostanud Tübingeni õpinguaegadest saadik. Peale liitlaste ja riigijuhtide horoskoopide küsis keiser <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rudolf_II_(Saksa-Rooma_keiser)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolf II (Saksa-Rooma keiser)">Rudolf II</a> Keplerilt nõu keerulistes poliitilistes küsimustes. Kepleri nõuanded põhinesid rohkem tervel mõistusel kui tähtedel. Keiser tundis elavat huvi paljude oma õueõpetlaste (sealhulgas arvukate alkeemikute) töö vastu ning hoidis end kursis ka Kepleri uurimistööga füüsikalise astronoomia alal.</p> <p>Prahas olid ametlikult lubatud ainult <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katoliiklus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katoliiklus">katoliiklus</a> ja <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Utrakvism&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Utrakvism (pole veel kirjutatud)">utrakvism</a>, kuid Kepler võis oma positsiooni tõttu õukonnas luterlaseks jääda. Keiser nägi Kepleri perekonnale nominaalselt ette suure sissetuleku, kuid riigikassa raskuste tõttu oli selle kättesaamine problemaatiline. Osalt rahaliste raskuste tõttu oli Kepleri kodune elu Barbaraga ebameeldiv: seda tumestasid nääklused ja haigused. Õukonnas puutus Kepler aga kokku teiste väljapaistvate õpetlastega, kelle seas olid <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Matth%C3%A4us_Wackher_von_Wackhenfels&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Johannes Matthäus Wackher von Wackhenfels (pole veel kirjutatud)">Johannes Matthäus Wackher von Wackhenfels</a>, <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jost_B%C3%BCrgi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jost Bürgi (pole veel kirjutatud)">Jost Bürgi</a>, <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=David_Fabricius&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="David Fabricius (pole veel kirjutatud)">David Fabricius</a>, <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Martin_Bachazek&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Martin Bachazek (pole veel kirjutatud)">Martin Bachazek</a> ja <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Brengger&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Johannes Brengger (pole veel kirjutatud)">Johannes Brengger</a>. Tema astronoomiaalane uurimistöö edenes jõudsalt.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fail:Kepler_Optica.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Kepler_Optica.jpg/220px-Kepler_Optica.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3547" data-file-height="4748"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 294px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Kepler_Optica.jpg/220px-Kepler_Optica.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="294" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Kepler_Optica.jpg/330px-Kepler_Optica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Kepler_Optica.jpg/440px-Kepler_Optica.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Silmade ehitust illustreeriv tahvel raamatust "Astronomiae Pars Optica" </figcaption> </figure> <p>Kepler jätkas Tycho Brahe Marsi-vaatluste analüüsi (need olid talle nüüd tervenisti kättesaadavad) ning vaevanõudvat tööd "Tabula Rudolphinae" kallal. Samuti jätkas ta 1600. aasta Kuu-kirjatöös alustatud uurimistööd optika seaduste alal. Nii kuu- kui ka <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A4ikesevarjutus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Päikesevarjutus">päikesevarjutustega</a> kaasnesid seletamata nähtused, näiteks varjude ootamatud mõõtmed, punane värvus <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4ielik_kuuvarjutus&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Täielik kuuvarjutus (pole veel kirjutatud)">täieliku kuuvarjutuse</a> korral ning ebatavaline valgus Päikese ümber <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C3%A4ielik_p%C3%A4ikesevarjutus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Täielik päikesevarjutus">täieliku päikesevarjutuse</a> ajal. Sarnased <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Refraktsioon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Refraktsioon">refraktsiooninähtused</a> esinesid kõikide astronoomiliste vaatluste puhul. Suurema osa <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1603?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1603">1603</a>. aastast tegeles Kepler optikaga. 1. jaanuaril 1604 esitas ta keisrile käsikirja, mis avaldati pealkirja "<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Astronomiae_Pars_Optica&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Astronomiae Pars Optica (pole veel kirjutatud)">Astronomiae Pars Optica</a>" ("Astronoomia optiline osa") all. Selles ta kirjeldas muuhulgas peegeldumist lame- ja kõverpeeglitelt, läätseta kaamerate põhimõtteid ning optika astronoomilisi järelmeid (sealhulgas <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parallaks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parallaks">parallaks</a> ja taevakehade näivad mõõtmed). Seda teost peetakse tänapäeva optika aluseks (kuigi sealt puudub <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valguse_murdumise_seadus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Valguse murdumise seadus">valguse murdumise seadus</a>).</p> <p>Oktoobris 1604 ilmus uus ere õhtutäht (<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=SN_1604&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="SN 1604 (pole veel kirjutatud)">SN 1604</a>, <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kepleri_t%C3%A4ht&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kepleri täht (pole veel kirjutatud)">Kepleri täht</a>). Kepler ei uskunud kuulujutte, kuni tähte ise nägi. Ta hakkas uut tähte süstemaatiliselt vaatlema ja kirjeldas seda teoses "<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=De_Stella_nova_in_pede_Serpentarii&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="De Stella nova in pede Serpentarii (pole veel kirjutatud)">De Stella nova in pede Serpentarii</a>" ("Uuest tähest Maokandja jalas"). Ta kirjeldas tähe astronoomilisi omadusi ning suhtus skeptiliselt käibivatesse astroloogilistesse spekulatsioonidesse. Kepler märkis ära tähe heleduse kahanemise, spekuleeris selle päritolu üle ning järeldas vaadeldava parallaksi puudumisest, et täht asub <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kinnist%C3%A4htede_sf%C3%A4%C3%A4r&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kinnistähtede sfäär (pole veel kirjutatud)">kinnistähtede sfääris</a>. See õõnestas veelgi õpetust taeva muutumatusest. Lisas arutas Kepler ka <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Laurentius_Suslyga&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Laurentius Suslyga (pole veel kirjutatud)">Laurentius Suslyga</a> äsjast <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kronoloogia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kronoloogia">kronoloogiaalast</a> tööd. Ta arvutas välja, et kui Suslygal on õigus, et käibiv kronoloogia on neli tundi taga, siis pidi <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Petlemma_t%C3%A4ht&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Petlemma täht (pole veel kirjutatud)">Petlemma täht</a>, nagu ka äsjane uus täht, kokku langema 800-aastase tsükli algusega.</p> <p>1605. aasta lõpuks lõpetas Kepler "Astronomia nova" käsikirja, milles oli esitatud kaks esimest <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kepleri_seadused?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kepleri seadused">Kepleri seadust</a>. Sellega võitis ta ühtlasi kihlveo Longomontanusega, et ta määrab Tycho Brahe andmete põhjal Marsi orbiidi. Juriidiliste vaidluste tõttu Tycho Brahe pärijatele kuuluvate vaatlusandmete kasutamise üle avaldati teos alles <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1609?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1609">1609</a>. aastal.</p> <p>Järgnevatel aastatel tegeles Kepler peamiselt ettevalmistustega "Tabulae Rudolphinaele" ning neil põhinevatele <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Efemeriidid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Efemeriidid">efemeriididele</a> (mõlemad võtsid veel palju aastaid aega). Ta püüdis ka (edutult) teha koostööd itaalia astronoomi <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Antonio_Magini&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Giovanni Antonio Magini (pole veel kirjutatud)">Giovanni Antonio Maginiga</a>. Peale selle tegeles ta veel <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kronoloogia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kronoloogia">kronoloogiaga</a>, eriti <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Helisaeus_Roeslin&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Helisaeus Roeslin (pole veel kirjutatud)">Helisaeus Roeslini</a> ja teiste astroloogide dramaatiliste katastroofiennustuste kriitikaga.</p> <p>Kepleri ja Roeslini pidasid oma publikatsioonides pikka poleemikat. Arst <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Philip_Feselius&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Philip Feselius (pole veel kirjutatud)">Philip Feselius</a> avaldas töö, milles ta heitis kogu astroloogia (ja eriti Roeslini tööd) täielikult kõrvale. Vastuseks ühelt poolt astroloogia liialdustele ja astroloogia liiginnukale kõrvaleheitmisele (nagu ta asja nägi) kirjutas Kepler töö "Tertius Interveniens" ("Kolmas sekkuja"). Nominaalselt oli see Roeslini ja Feseliuse ühisele patroonile esitatud teos kahe omavahel vaenujalal oleva õpetlase vaheline neutraalne vahendus, kuid ühtlasi esitas see Kepleri üldise arusaama astroloogia väärtusest, sealhulgas mõned hüpoteetilised viisid, kuidas leiab aset planeetide ja hingede vastastikune mõju. Kepler pidas küll suuremat osa astroloogia traditsioonilistest meetoditest ja reeglitest "haisvaks sõnnikuks", milles "usin kana" siblib, kuid ta leidis, et hoolikale teaduslikule astroloogile leidub "võib-olla samuti mõni hea terake". Teose täispealkiri on "Tertius Interveniens, das ist Warnung an etliche Theologos, Medicos vnd Philosophos, sonderlich D. Philippum Feselium, dass sie bey billicher Verwerffung der Sternguckerischen Aberglauben nict das Kindt mit dem Badt aussschütten vnd hiermit jhrer Profession vnwissendt zuwider handlen" ("Tertius Interveniens, see on hoiatus mõningatele teoloogidele, arstiteadlastele ja filosoofidele, eriti dr Philip Feseliusele, et nad tähevahtimise ebausu õigustatud kõrvaleheitmise juures koos pesuveega last välja ei viskaks ega sellega teadmatult oma kutse vastaselt talitaks".</p> <p>1610. aasta esimestel kuudel avastas Galilei oma võimsa uue teleskoobiga neli ümber <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jupiter_(planeet)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter (planeet)">Jupiteri</a> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiirlemine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tiirlemine">tiirlevat</a> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Planeedi_kaaslane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Planeedi kaaslane">kaaslast</a>. Galilei avaldas oma tulemused teoses "<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Siderus_Nuncius&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Siderus Nuncius (pole veel kirjutatud)">Siderus Nuncius</a>" ("Tähe-sõnumitooja") ning küsis ka Kepleri arvamust, osalt selleks, et oma vaatlusi usutavamaks teha. Kepler vastas entusiastlikult lühikese avaldatud vastusega "<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dissertatio_cum_Nuncio_Sidereo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Dissertatio cum Nuncio Sidereo (pole veel kirjutatud)">Dissertatio cum Nuncio Sidereo</a>". Ta toetas Galilei vaatlusi ning esitas rea arutlusi Galilei avastuste ning teleskoopiliste meetodite tähtsuse ja järelmite kohta astronoomia ja optika ning kosmoloogia ja astroloogia seisukohast ("Conversation with the Starry Messenger"). Hiljem samal aastal avaldas Kepler omaenda vaatlused Jupiteri kaaslaste kohta teoses "<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Narratio_de_Jovis_Satellitibus&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Narratio de Jovis Satellitibus (pole veel kirjutatud)">Narratio de Jovis Satellitibus</a>", millega ta toetas Galileid veelgi. Kepleri pettumuseks ei avaldanud Galilei mitte mingeid reaktsioone tema raamatule "<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Astronomia_nova?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Astronomia nova">Astronomia nova</a>".</p> <p>Saanud kuulda <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Galileo_Galilei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teleskoop?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teleskoop">teleskoobiga</a> tehtud avastustest, hakkas Kepler uurima teoreetilist ja eksperimentaalset teleskoopilist optikat. Tulemusena valmis tal septembris <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1610?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1610">1610</a> sellealane töö, mis ilmus <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1611?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1611">1611</a> pealkirjaga "<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dioptrice&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Dioptrice (pole veel kirjutatud)">Dioptrice</a>". Selles lõi Kepler teoreetilise aluse <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kaksikkumer_l%C3%A4%C3%A4ts&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kaksikkumer lääts (pole veel kirjutatud)">kaksikkumeratele</a> ja <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kaksikn%C3%B5gus_l%C3%A4%C3%A4ts&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kaksiknõgus lääts (pole veel kirjutatud)">kaksiknõgusatele</a> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hajutav_l%C3%A4%C3%A4ts&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hajutav lääts (pole veel kirjutatud)">hajutavatele läätsedele</a>, ning näitas teoreetiliselt, kuidas nende abil koostada <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Galilei_teleskoop&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Galilei teleskoop (pole veel kirjutatud)">Galilei teleskoopi</a>. Samuti lõi ta <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=T%C3%B5eline_kujutis&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tõeline kujutis (pole veel kirjutatud)">tõelise</a> ja <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=N%C3%A4iline_kujutis&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Näiline kujutis (pole veel kirjutatud)">näilise kujutise</a> ning <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A4ripidine_kujutis&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Päripidine kujutis (pole veel kirjutatud)">päripidise</a> ja <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cmberp%C3%B6%C3%B6ratud_kujutis&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ümberpööratud kujutis (pole veel kirjutatud)">ümberpööratud kujutise</a> mõiste. Samuti põhjendas ta teoreetiliselt <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fookuskaugus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fookuskaugus">fookuskauguse</a> mõju <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suurendus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suurendus">suurendusele</a> ja <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4hendus&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vähendus (pole veel kirjutatud)">vähendusele</a>. Ta kirjeldas ka täiustatud teleskoopi, mida tuntakse astronoomilise teleskoobi ehk <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kepleri_teleskoop&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kepleri teleskoop (pole veel kirjutatud)">Kepleri teleskoobi</a> nime all. Kepleri teleskoobis on kasutusel kaks <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kumerl%C3%A4%C3%A4ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumerlääts">kumerläätse</a>, mis annavad suurema suurenduse kui Galilei kumer- ja <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%B5gusl%C3%A4%C3%A4ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nõguslääts">nõgusläätse</a> kombinatsioon.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fail:Kepler_conjecture_2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Kepler_conjecture_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="383" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="383"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 218px;height: 383px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Kepler_conjecture_2.jpg" data-width="218" data-height="383" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Üks joonistest raamatus "<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Strena_Seu_de_Nive_Sexangula&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Strena Seu de Nive Sexangula (pole veel kirjutatud)">Strena Seu de Nive Sexangula</a>". Illustratsioon <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kepleri_oletus&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kepleri oletus (pole veel kirjutatud)">Kepleri oletusele</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Umbes 1611 levitas Kepler käsikirja, mis postuumselt avaldati pealkirja "<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Somnium&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Somnium (pole veel kirjutatud)">Somnium</a>" ("Unenägu") all. Teose üks eesmärk oli kirjeldada, kuidas näeks praktiline astronoomia välja teise planeedi seisukohast, ning näidata mittegeotsentrilise maailmasüsteemi realiseeritavust. Käsikiri, mis käest kätte liikudes kaduma läks, kirjeldas fantastilist reisi Kuule. See oli osalt allegooria, osalt autobiograafia ning osalt traktaat planeetidevahelisest lennust (mõnikord nimetatakse seda esimeseks <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teadusulme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teadusulme">teadusulmeteoseks</a>). Aastaid hiljem võis selle loo moonutatud variant kaasa aidata nõiaprotsessile Kepleri ema vastu, sest jutustaja ema küsib deemonilt nõu kosmoselennu meetodite kohta. Pärast ema õigeksmõistmist koostas Kepler jutu juurde 223 märkust, mille kogumaht oli mitu korda suurem kui jutu enda oma. Neis selgitas ta nii teoses peituvaid allegooriaid kui ka teaduslikku sisu (eriti Kuu geograafiat).</p> <p>1611. aasta uusaastakingina koostas ta oma sõbrale ja omaaegsele patroonile parun <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Wackher_von_Wackhenfels&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Wackher von Wackhenfels (pole veel kirjutatud)">Wackher von Wackhenfelsile</a> lühikese pamfleti pealkirjaga "<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Strena_Seu_de_Nive_Sexangula&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Strena Seu de Nive Sexangula (pole veel kirjutatud)">Strena Seu de Nive Sexangula</a>" ("Uusaastakink ehk Kuusnurksest lumest"). Selles traktaadis uuris ta <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lumehelves?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lumehelves">lumehelveste</a> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Heksagonaalne_s%C3%BCmmeetria&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Heksagonaalne sümmeetria (pole veel kirjutatud)">heksagonaalset sümmeetriat</a> ning minnes sümmeetria hüpoteetilise <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atomism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atomism">atomistliku</a> füüsikalise aluse juurde, püstitas hüpoteesi, mida hiljem hakati nimetama <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kepleri_oletus&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kepleri oletus (pole veel kirjutatud)">Kepleri oletuseks</a>. See puudutas kerade kõige efektiivsemat pakkimisviisi. See on esimene teadaolev teaduslik töö lumehelveste kohta.</p> <p>Aastal 1611 oli keiser <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rudolf_II_(Saksa-Rooma_keiser)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolf II (Saksa-Rooma keiser)">Rudolf II</a> usulis-poliitiliste pingete tõttu sunnitud <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C3%B6%C3%B6mimaa_kuningas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Böömimaa kuningas">Böömimaa kuningana</a> troonist loobuma oma venna <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matthias_(Saksa-Rooma_keiser)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matthias (Saksa-Rooma keiser)">Matthiase</a> kasuks. Mõlemad küsisid Keplerilt astroloogilist nõu. Ta andis lepitavaid nõuandeid, mainides tähti vaid üldsõnaliselt, et ära hoida drastilisi samme. Oli aga selge, et Kepleri tulevik Matthiase õukonnas on tume.</p> <p>Aastal 1611 nakatus Kepleri abikaasa Barbara <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rickettsia_rickettsii_tekkene_t%C3%A4hniline_palavik&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Rickettsia rickettsii tekkene tähniline palavik (pole veel kirjutatud)">tähnilisse palavikku</a>, lisandusid <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Krambid&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Krambid (pole veel kirjutatud)">krambid</a>. Kui Barbara oli paranemas, jäid Kepleri kõik kolm last <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%B5uged?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rõuged">rõugetesse</a>; kuueaastane Friedrich suri. Pärast poja surma saatis Kepler kirju potentsiaalsetele patroonidele <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Württemberg">Württembergis</a> ja <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padova?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padova">Padovas</a>. <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C3%BCbingeni_%C3%BClikool?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tübingeni ülikool">Tübingeni ülikoolis</a> Württembergis olid tema asumisele professoriks takistuseks tema arvatav <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kalvinism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kalvinism">kalvinistlik</a> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hereesia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hereesia">hereesia</a>, lahtiütlemine <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Augsburgi_usutunnistus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Augsburgi usutunnistus">Augsburgi usutunnistusest</a> ja <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Chtsusvormel&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ühtsusvormel (pole veel kirjutatud)">Ühtsusvormelist</a>, samuti tema Aristotelese-vastased vaated. <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padova_%C3%BClikool?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padova ülikool">Padova ülikool</a> kutsus Keplerit lahkuva Galilei soovitusel matemaatikaprofessoriks, kuid Kepler eelistas jätta oma perekonna Saksamaa territooriumile ning sõitis hoopis Austriasse, et hankida <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Linz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Linz">Linzis</a> õpetaja ning provintsimatemaatiku ametikoht. Ent Barbara jäi haigeks ja suri varsti pärast Kepleri naasmist. Maha jäid kaks Kepleri last ja Barbara varasem laps.</p> <p>Kepler lükkas Linzi kolimise edasi ning jäi Prahasse kuni keiser Rudolfi surmani jaanuaris <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1612?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1612">1612</a>. Poliitiliselt rahutu olukord, usulised pinged ning perekonda tabanud õnnetused ja juriidiline vaidlus Barbara pärandi üle ei lasknud Kepleril uurimistööd teha. Siiski koostas ta kirjavahetuse ja oma varasemate tööde põhjal kronoloogiaalase käsikirja "<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eclogae_Chronicae&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Eclogae Chronicae (pole veel kirjutatud)">Eclogae Chronicae</a>". Troonile asunud keiser Matthias kinnitas Kepleri positsiooni (ja töötasu) keiserliku matemaatikuna, kuid lubas tal kolida Linzi.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Linzis_(1612–1627)"><span id="Linzis_.281612.E2.80.931627.29"></span>Linzis (1612–1627)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Kepler&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muuda alaosa "Linzis (1612–1627)"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>muuda</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fail:Epitome_astronomiae_copernicanae.tif?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Epitome_astronomiae_copernicanae.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Epitome_astronomiae_copernicanae.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="352" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1873" data-file-height="3000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 352px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Epitome_astronomiae_copernicanae.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Epitome_astronomiae_copernicanae.tif.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="352" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Epitome_astronomiae_copernicanae.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Epitome_astronomiae_copernicanae.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Epitome_astronomiae_copernicanae.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Epitome_astronomiae_copernicanae.tif.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <i>Epitome astronomiae copernicanae</i>, 1618 </figcaption> </figure> <p>Aastatel <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1612?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1612">1612</a>–<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1626?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1626">1626</a> töötas Kepler Linzis matemaatikuna.</p> <p>Linzis oli Kepleri põhikohustus (peale "Tabulae Rudolphinae" lõpuleviimise) õpetamine provintsikoolis ning astroloogiliste ja astronoomiliste teenuste osutamine. Esimestel aastatel seal oli tal Prahaga võrreldes suurem rahaline kindlustatus ja usuline vabadus (kuigi ta oli luterlikust koguduse armulauaosadusest teoloogilistel põhjustel ilma jäänud).</p> <p>Tema esimene publikatsioon Linzis oli "<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=De_vero_Anno&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="De vero Anno (pole veel kirjutatud)">De vero Anno</a>" (<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1613?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1613">1613</a>), traktaat Kristuse sünniaasta üle. Ta osales ka arutlustes selle üle, kas võtta protestantlikel Saksa maadel kasutusele <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gregoriuse_kalender?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gregoriuse kalender">Gregoriuse kalender</a>. Aastal 1613 kirjutas ta ka mõjuka matemaatilise traktaadi "<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nova_stereometria_doliorum_vinariorum&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Nova stereometria doliorum vinariorum (pole veel kirjutatud)">Nova stereometria doliorum vinariorum</a>" veinivaatide taoliste anumate ruumala mõõtmise kohta, millega ta andis panuse <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Diferentsiaal-_ja_integraalarvutus&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Diferentsiaal- ja integraalarvutus (pole veel kirjutatud)">diferentsiaal- ja integraalarvutuse</a> kujunemisse. See avaldati <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1615?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1615">1615</a>.</p> <p><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/30._oktoober?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="30. oktoober">30. oktoobril</a> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1613?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1613">1613</a> abiellus Kepler 21-aastase <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eferding&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Eferding (pole veel kirjutatud)">Eferdingi</a> kodanlasetütre Susanna Reuttingeriga. See oli viies 11 partiist, mida Kepler pärast Barbara surma oli kaalunud. Neil sündis kuus last. Esimesed kolm (Margareta Regina, Katharina ja Sebald) surid lapsena. Cordula (1621), Fridmar (1623) ja Hildebert (1625) jäid elama. Kepleri biograafide sõnul oli see abielu palju õnnelikum kui esimene.</p> <p>Aastast 1615 pidi Kepler hoolitsema oma ema <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katharina_Kepler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katharina Kepler">Katharina Kepleri</a> eest, keda kahtlustati nõidumises. Aastal <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1617?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1617">1617</a> süüdistati Kepleri ema <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leonberg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leonberg">Leonbergis</a> selles, et ta on <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%B5id?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nõid">nõid</a>. Alates <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1620?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1620">1620</a>. aastast oli ema 14 kuud vangis. Osalt tänu Kepleri koostatud kaitseargumentidele ei õnnestunud ema süüdi mõista ning ta vabastati oktoobris <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1621?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1621">1621</a>. Viimasel korral, kui teda püüti panna üles tunnistama, kirjeldati talle elavalt, kuidas teda kui nõida piinama hakatakse. Ema õigeksmõistmisele aitas kaasa Tübingeni ülikooli arvamus, mille koostas Kepleri õpinguteaegne sõber <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christoph_Besold&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Christoph Besold (pole veel kirjutatud)">Christoph Besold</a>.</p> <p><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/15._mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="15. mai">15. mail</a> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1618?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1618">1618</a> avastas Kepler oma kolmanda seaduse (ta tegi selle avastuse juba <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8._m%C3%A4rts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8. märts">8. märtsil</a>, kuid heitis selle idee mõneks ajaks kõrvale). Kohtuprotsessi ajal lükkas Kepler muud tööd ("<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tabulae_Rudolphinae&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tabulae Rudolphinae (pole veel kirjutatud)">Tabulae Rudolphinae</a>" ja mitmeköitelise astronoomiaõpiku) edasi ning keskendus "harmooniateooriale". Tulemused avaldas ta <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1619?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1619">1619</a> raamatus "<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harmonices_Mundi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonices Mundi">Harmonices Mundi</a>", kus on sees ka Kepleri kolmas seadus.</p> <p>Oma seitsmeköitelise astronoomiaõpiku viimase köite avaldas Kepler <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1621?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1621">1621</a>. Selles võttis ta kokku oma varasemad tulemused ja laiendas neid. Teosel oli suur tähtsus heliotsentrilise maailmasüsteemi populariseerimisel. Aastal <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1627?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1627">1627</a> sai ta valmis "Tabulae Rudolphinae", kus olid täpselt välja arvutatud tulevased planeetide seisud ja mille järgi sai ennustada haruldasi astronoomilisi sündmusi.</p> <p>Linzis kuhjusid probleemid: tal oli raske oma raha kätte saada, tema raamatukogu konfiskeeriti mitu korda ja tema lapsi sunniti osalema katoliiklikus <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Missa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Missa">missas</a>. Perekond põgenes <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ulm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ulm">Ulmi</a>. Kõne all oli professuur <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rostocki_%C3%BClikool?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rostocki ülikool">Rostocki ülikoolis</a>, kuid sellest ei tulnud midagi välja.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Kepler_ja_Wallenstein_(1627–1630)"><span id="Kepler_ja_Wallenstein_.281627.E2.80.931630.29"></span>Kepler ja Wallenstein (1627–1630)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Kepler&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muuda alaosa "Kepler ja Wallenstein (1627–1630)"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>muuda</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Aastal <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1627?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1627">1627</a> leidis Kepler uue patrooni <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albrecht_von_Wallenstein?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albrecht von Wallenstein">Albrecht von Wallensteini</a> näol. Ta ootas Keplerilt usaldatavaid horoskoope ning andis selle eest tema käsutusse trükikoja Sileesias.</p> <p>Kui aga Wallenstein augustis <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1630?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1630">1630</a> oma <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Generalissimus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Generalissimus">generalissimusekoha</a> kaotas, sõitis Kepler <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regensburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regensburg">Regensburgi</a>. Mõni kuu hiljem suri ta seal 59-aastasena <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palavik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palavik">palavikku</a>.</p> <p>Aastal <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1632?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1632">1632</a> lõhkus <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rootsi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rootsi">Rootsi</a> sõjavägi <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kolmek%C3%BCmneaastane_s%C3%B5da?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kolmekümneaastane sõda">Kolmekümneaastases sõjas</a> Kepleri haua. Maja, kus ta suri, on külastatav mälestis.</p> <p>Ta koostas endale epitaafi:</p> <dl> <dd> <i>"Mensus eram coelos, nunc terrae metior umbras.</i> </dd> <dd> <i>Mens coelestis erat, corporis umbra iacet."</i> </dd> </dl> <p>("Olin mõõtnud taevaid, nüüd mõõdan Maa varje. Vaim oli taevane, keha vari puhkab.")</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Uurimistöö"><span id="Uurimist.C3.B6.C3.B6"></span>Uurimistöö</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Kepler&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muuda alaosa "Uurimistöö"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>muuda</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Nagu varasemad <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Astronoomia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Astronoomia">astronoomidki</a>, uskus Kepler algul, et <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taevakeha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taevakeha">taevakehad</a> liiguvad mööda täiuslikke <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ringjoon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ringjoon">ringjooni</a>. Need <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mudel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mudel">mudelid</a> olid kooskõlas <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vaatlus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vaatlus">vaatlustega</a> ning <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Platon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Platon">Platoni</a> mõttega, et <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sf%C3%A4%C3%A4r?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sfäär">sfäär</a> on <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4iuslikkus&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Täiuslikkus (pole veel kirjutatud)">täiuslik</a> kuju. Pärast 20 aasta pikkust arvutamist <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tycho_Brahe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a> andmete põhjal jõudis Kepler järeldusele, et selline planeetide liikumise mudel ei ole vaatlusandmetega kooskõlas. Neid andmeid kasutades õnnestus Kepleril formuleerida <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kepleri_seadused?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kepleri seadused">Kepleri seadused</a>, mille kohaselt planeedid ei liigu mööda ringjooni, vaid mööda <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ellips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ellips">ellipseid</a>.</p> <p>Kepleri kõige suuremad saavutused tulevad sellest, et ta taipas, et planeetide orbiidid ei ole ringjooned, vaid <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ellips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ellips">ellipsid</a>, mille ühes <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fookus_(matemaatika)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fookus (matemaatika)">fookuses</a> asub Päike. Selleni ta jõudis pärast seda, kui tal ei õnnestunud paigutada planeetide orbiite seosesse hulktahukatega. Loobudes täpsete vaatlusandmete sunnil oma lemmikteooriast, toimis ta tänapäeva teadlaste vaimus.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id=""Mysterium_Cosmographicum""><span id=".22Mysterium_Cosmographicum.22"></span>"Mysterium Cosmographicum"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Kepler&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muuda alaosa ""Mysterium Cosmographicum""" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>muuda</span> </a> </span> </div> <dl> <dd> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" data-width="12" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mysterium_Cosmographicum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mysterium Cosmographicum">Mysterium Cosmographicum</a></i> </dd> </dl> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fail:Kepler-solar-system-2.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kepler-solar-system-2.png/150px-Kepler-solar-system-2.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="144" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="274"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 144px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kepler-solar-system-2.png/150px-Kepler-solar-system-2.png" data-width="150" data-height="144" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kepler-solar-system-2.png/225px-Kepler-solar-system-2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Kepler-solar-system-2.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Kepleri platooniline universumimudel </figcaption> </figure> <p>Kepler avastas planeetide liikumise seadused, püüdes nagu <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pythagoras?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pythagoras">Pythagoraski</a> leida <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taevasf%C3%A4%C3%A4r?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taevasfäär">taevasfääride</a> liikumise <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harmoonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harmoonia">harmooniat</a>. Tema maailmanägemuse kohaselt polnud juhuslik, et <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Korrap%C3%A4rane_hulktahukas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Korrapärane hulktahukas">korrapäraste hulktahukate</a> (<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Platooniline_keha&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Platooniline keha (pole veel kirjutatud)">platooniliste kehade</a>) arv on ühe võrra väiksem kui teadaolevate <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Planeet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Planeet">planeetide</a> oma. Olles omaks võtnud <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Koperniku_s%C3%BCsteem&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Koperniku süsteem (pole veel kirjutatud)">Koperniku süsteemi</a>, hakkas ta tõestama, et planeetide <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaugus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaugus">kaugused</a> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A4ike?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Päike">Päikesest</a> on antud korrapäraste hulktahukate sisesfääride raadiuste näol. Seejuures samastas ta viis platoonilist keha 5 <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intervall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Intervall">intervalliga</a> 6 teadaoleva planeedi (<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Merkuur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Merkuur">Merkuuri</a>, <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Veenus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veenus">Veenuse</a>, <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maa_(planeet)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Maa (planeet)">Maa</a>, <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marss_(planeet)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Marss (planeet)">Marsi</a>, <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jupiter_(planeet)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter (planeet)">Jupiteri</a> ja <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saturn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saturn">Saturni</a>) vahel ning 5 klassikalise <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Element_(stiihia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Element (stiihia)">elemendiga</a>.</p> <p><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1596?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1596">1596</a>. aastal avaldas Kepler "Kosmograafilise müsteeriumi" ("<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mysterium_Cosmographicum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mysterium Cosmographicum">Mysterium Cosmographicum</a>").</p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fail:Kepler-solar-system-1.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Kepler-solar-system-1.png/150px-Kepler-solar-system-1.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="774"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Kepler-solar-system-1.png/150px-Kepler-solar-system-1.png" data-width="150" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Kepler-solar-system-1.png/225px-Kepler-solar-system-1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Kepler-solar-system-1.png/300px-Kepler-solar-system-1.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Kepleri platooniline universumimudel </figcaption> </figure> <p>Et oma teooriat esile tuua, kavandas Kepler suurejoonelise universumimudeli: kuubi sisesfäär on tetraeedri välissfäär; tetraeedri sisesfäär on dodekaeedri välissfäär; dodekaeedri sisesfäär on ikosaeedri välissfäär; ikosaeedri sisesfäär on oktaeedri välissfäär. Igal neist taevasfääridest on üks planeet, ja sfäär määrab planeedi orbiidi.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id=""De_Stella_nova_in_pede_Serpentarii""><span id=".22De_Stella_nova_in_pede_Serpentarii.22"></span>"De Stella nova in pede Serpentarii"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Kepler&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muuda alaosa ""De Stella nova in pede Serpentarii""" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>muuda</span> </a> </span> </div> <dl> <dd> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" data-width="12" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=De_Stella_nova_in_pede_Serpentarii&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="De Stella nova in pede Serpentarii (pole veel kirjutatud)">De Stella nova in pede Serpentarii</a></i> </dd> </dl> <p><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/17._oktoober?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17. oktoober">17. oktoobril</a> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1604?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1604">1604</a> vaatles Kepler erakordselt ereda tähe äkilist ilmumist <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maokandja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maokandja">Maokandja</a> tähtkujus. Tähe ilmumine, mida Kepler kirjeldas raamatus "<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=De_Stella_nova_in_pede_Serpentarii&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="De Stella nova in pede Serpentarii (pole veel kirjutatud)">De Stella nova in pede Serpentarii</a>" ('Uuest tähest Maokandja jalas') andis tunnistust sellest, et kosmos ei ole muutumatu. Hiljem mõjutas see Galilei arutlusi. Seda tähte kutsutakse <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kepleri_t%C3%A4ht&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kepleri täht (pole veel kirjutatud)">Kepleri täheks</a>. Tegemist oli <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Supernoova?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Supernoova">supernoovaga</a> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=SN_1604&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="SN 1604 (pole veel kirjutatud)">SN 1604</a>. Vahepeal ei ole meie <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Galaktika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Galaktika">Galaktikas</a> vaadeldud ühtki objekti, mis kindlasti oleks supernoova, kuigi supernoovasid on vaadeldud teistes <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Galaktikad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Galaktikad">galaktikates</a>.</p> <p>Astroloogiliselt tähendas 1603. aasta lõpp <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tulem%C3%A4rk&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tulemärk (pole veel kirjutatud)">tuletrigooni</a> algust, umbes 800-aastase <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Suur_konjunktsioon&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Suur konjunktsioon (pole veel kirjutatud)">suurte konjunktsioonide</a> tsükli algust. Astroloogid seostasid kaht eelmist sellist perioodi <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Karl_Suure&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Karl Suure (pole veel kirjutatud)">Karl Suure</a> kroonimisega (umbes 800 aastat varem) ja <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jeesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jeesus">Jeesuse</a> sünniga (umbes 1600 aastat varem). Seetõttu ootasid nad väga tähtsat sündmust, eriti seoses keisriga.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id=""Astronomia_nova""><span id=".22Astronomia_nova.22"></span>"Astronomia nova"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Kepler&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muuda alaosa ""Astronomia nova""" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>muuda</span> </a> </span> </div> <dl> <dd> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" data-width="12" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Astronomia_nova?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Astronomia nova">Astronomia nova</a></i> </dd> </dl> <p>Uurimistöö, mis viis välja teoseni "<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Astronomia_nova?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Astronomia nova">Astronomia nova</a>", kus olid esitatud esimesed kaks <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kepleri_seadused?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kepleri seadused">Kepleri seadust</a>, oli alanud Marsi orbiidi analüüsiga Tycho Brahe juhendamisel. <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ekvant&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ekvant (pole veel kirjutatud)">Ekvanti</a> kasutades arvutas Kepler ümber erinevaid Marsi orbiidi lähendusi. Lõpuks lõi ta mudeli, mis oli üldiselt kahe <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaareminut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaareminut">kaareminuti</a> täpsusega (tavaline mõõtmisviga) Tycho Brahe vaatlustega kooskõlas. Tema mudelis on Marsi orbiit ringjoon, mille keskpunkt on Päikesest pisut eemal, ning Marsi liikumine on ühtlane Päikesest samal sirgel veel kaugemal asuva punkti suhtes. Päikesele lähemal liigub planeet kiiremini. Arvutused täitsid 900 väikese kirjaga <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Foolio&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Foolio (pole veel kirjutatud)">fooliolehekülge</a>. Ta lähtus neljast vaatlusest <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Opositsioon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Opositsioon">opositsioonis</a> asuva Marsi asendi kohta. Veel kümne opositsioonivaatlusega oli mudel kooskõlas kahe kaareminuti täpsusega. Siis aga selgus, et on vaatlusi, mille puhul kõrvalekalle on 8 kaareminutit. Sellise ebatäpsusega polnud ta rahul, pealegi oli mudel keeruline. Et kõik traditsioonilise matemaatilise astronoomia meetodid olid üles öelnud, hakkas Kepler looma sõna otseses mõttes uut astronoomiat.</p> <p>Kepleri religioosses kosmosekontseptsioonis oli Päike (<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jumal-Isa&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jumal-Isa (pole veel kirjutatud)">Jumal-Isa</a> sümbol) <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A4ikeses%C3%BCsteem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Päikesesüsteem">päikesesüsteemi</a> liikumapanev jõud. Selle füüsikaline alus oli analoogia <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_Gilbert&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="William Gilbert (pole veel kirjutatud)">William Gilberti</a> Maa magnetilise hinge teooria teoses "<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/De_magnete?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="De magnete">De magnete</a>" (1600). Kepler oletas, et Päikese jõud kaugusega väheneb, nii et planeedid liiguvad kiiremini või aeglasemalt sõltuvalt sellest, kas nad on Päikesele lähemal või Päikesest kaugemal. Sellest oletusest tõotas tuleneda matemaatiline seos, mis võis astronoomilise korra taastada. Tuginedes Maa ja Marsi <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afeel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afeel">afeeli</a> ja <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Periheel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Periheel">periheeli</a> mõõtmistele, sõnastas ta valemi, mille järgi planeedi liikumiskiirus on <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%B6%C3%B6rdv%C3%B5rdelisus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pöördvõrdelisus">pöördvõrdeline</a> tema kaugusega Päikesest. Selle seose kontrollimine kogu orbiidi ulatuses nõudis aga väga mahukaid arvutusi. Ülesande lihtsustamiseks sõnastas Kepler 1602. aasta lõpuks matemaatilise seose ümber geomeetrilisel kujul: planeedi ja Päikese vahelised sirglõigud katavad võrdse aja jooksul võrdse pindala (Kepleri teine seadus).</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fail:Kepler_Mars_retrograde.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Kepler_Mars_retrograde.jpg/220px-Kepler_Mars_retrograde.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1060" data-file-height="964"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Kepler_Mars_retrograde.jpg/220px-Kepler_Mars_retrograde.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Kepler_Mars_retrograde.jpg/330px-Kepler_Mars_retrograde.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Kepler_Mars_retrograde.jpg/440px-Kepler_Mars_retrograde.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Illustratsioon raamatust "Astronomia nova". Marsi orbiit Maa suhtes. Marsi tsüklid retrograadse liikumise mitme perioodi jooksul </figcaption> </figure> <p>Seejärel hakkas ta arvutama Marsi kogu orbiiti, kasutades planeedi liikumiskiiruse geomeetrilist seadust ja eeldades munakujulist (<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ovoid&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ovoid (pole veel kirjutatud)">ovoidset</a>) orbiiti. See tulenes kahe liikumise kombinatsioonist: Marss liigub mööda teist <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ringjoon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ringjoon">ringjoont</a> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Epits%C3%BCkkel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Epitsükkel">epitsüklit</a>, mille <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Keskpunkt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Keskpunkt">keskpunkt</a> liigub mööda esimest ringjoont (<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deferent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deferent">deferenti</a>). Orbiit on <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Periheel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Periheel">periheeli</a> juures terav ja <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afeel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afeel">afeeli</a> juures tömp. Ka see oletus ei vastanud andmetele.</p> <p>Pärast umbes 40 (teistel andmetel 70) ebaõnnestunud katset tuli talle <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1605?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1605">1605</a>. aasta algul <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ellips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ellips">ellipsi</a> idee (üks varasem hüpotees oli matemaatiliselt ekvivalentne ellipsiga, kuid arvutusvea tõttu heitis ta selle kõrvale). Varem oli ta arvanud, et see on nii lihtne lahendus, et varasemad astronoomid ei saanud seda kahe silma vahele jätta. Leidnud, et elliptiline orbiit on Marsi vaatlusandmetega täielikult vastavuses, tegi ta kohe järelduse, et kõik planeedid liiguvad mööda ellipseid, mille ühes <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fookus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fookus">fookuses</a> on Päike (Kepleri esimene seadus). Hiljem märkas ta ka ellipsi ekvivalentsust ühe tema varasema hüpoteesiga.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id=""Harmonices_mundi""><span id=".22Harmonices_mundi.22"></span>"Harmonices mundi"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Kepler&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muuda alaosa ""Harmonices mundi""" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>muuda</span> </a> </span> </div> <dl> <dd> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" data-width="12" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harmonices_mundi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harmonices mundi">Harmonices mundi</a></i> </dd> </dl> <p>Nagu ka traktaadis "Mysterium Cosmographicum", seostas ta <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1619?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1619">1619</a> ilmunud raamatus "Harmonices Mundi" <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Platoni_keha&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Platoni keha (pole veel kirjutatud)">Platoni kehad</a> klassikalise arusaamaga <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Element_(stiihia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Element (stiihia)">elementidest</a>: <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tetraeeder&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tetraeeder (pole veel kirjutatud)">tetraeeder</a> on <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tuli_(element)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tuli (element) (pole veel kirjutatud)">tule</a> kuju, <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oktaeeder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oktaeeder">oktaeeder</a> on <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C3%95hk_(element)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Õhk (element) (pole veel kirjutatud)">õhu</a> kuju, <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuup">kuup</a> on <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Maa_(element)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Maa (element) (pole veel kirjutatud)">maa</a> kuju, <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ikosaeeder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ikosaeeder">ikosaeeder</a> on vee kuju ning <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dodekaeeder&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Dodekaeeder (pole veel kirjutatud)">dodekaeeder</a> on kosmose (<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eeter_(f%C3%BC%C3%BCsika)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eeter (füüsika)">eetri</a>) kuju. Selline seos võib pärineda <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Anttiikaeg&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Anttiikaeg (pole veel kirjutatud)">antiikajast</a>, sest Platon räägib dialoogis "<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Timaios?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Timaios">Timaios</a>", et universum asub hiiglaslikus dodekaeedris ning ülejäänud neli keha esindavad tuld, õhku, maad ja vett.</p> <p>Kepleril ei õnnestunud siduda planeetide orbiite hulktahukatega. See-eest nimetati tema auks <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kepleri_keha&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kepleri keha (pole veel kirjutatud)">Kepleri kehadeks</a> mitte<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kumer_keha&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kumer keha (pole veel kirjutatud)">kumerad</a> korrapärased kehad (näiteks <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A4hekujuline_dodekaeeder&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tähekujuline dodekaeeder (pole veel kirjutatud)">tähekujulised dodekaeedrid</a>), mida ta esimesena uuris.</p> <p>Kepler püüdis ka kirjeldada planeetide liikumist <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A4ike?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Päike">Päikeselt</a> lähtuva <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magnetism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Magnetism">magnetismisarnase</a> jõu abil. Kuigi ta <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gravitatsioon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gravitatsioon">gravitatsiooni</a> ei avastanud, oli ta nähtavasti esimene, kes püüdis kasutada universaalset seadust, mis käib nii taevakehade kui ka maiste kehade kohta.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Teised_uurimused">Teised uurimused</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Kepler&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muuda alaosa "Teised uurimused"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>muuda</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Kepler uuris ka <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kombinatoorika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kombinatoorika">kombinatoorikat</a>, geomeetrilist optimeerimist ja loodusnähtusi, näiteks <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lumehelves?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lumehelves">lumehelbeid</a>, pannes alati rõhku kujule ja konstruktsioonile. Samuti defineeris ta <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Antiprisma&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Antiprisma (pole veel kirjutatud)">antiprismad</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Kepleri_seadused">Kepleri seadused</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Kepler&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muuda alaosa "Kepleri seadused"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>muuda</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <dl> <dd> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" data-width="12" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> <i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kepleri_seadused?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kepleri seadused">Kepleri seadused</a></i> </dd> </dl> <p>Kasutades <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tycho_Brahe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a> tehtud väga täpseid Marsi asendi vaatlusi, sõnastas Kepler teostes "<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Astronomia_nova?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Astronomia nova">Astronomia nova</a>" (<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1609?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1609">1609</a>) ja "<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harmonices_Mundi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonices Mundi">Harmonices Mundi</a>" (<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1619?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1619">1619</a>) planeetide liikumise kolm seadust, mida tänapäeval nimetatakse Kepleri seadusteks:</p> <ol> <li>Iga planeedi <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orbiit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orbiit">orbiit</a> on <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ellips_(geomeetria)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellips (geomeetria)">ellips</a>, mille ühes <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fookus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fookus">fookuses</a> on <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A4ike?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Päike">Päike</a>.</li> <li>Planeedi raadiusvektor (orbiidi fookust ja planeeti ühendav sirglõik) katab võrdsetes ajavahemikes võrdsed <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pindala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pindala">pindalad</a>.</li> <li>Planeetide tiirlemisperioodide ruudud suhtuvad nagu nende orbiitide pikemate pooltelgede kuubid.</li> </ol> <p>Hiljem näitas <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isaac_Newton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>, et Kepleri seadused on rangelt matemaatiliselt tuletatavad ülemaailmsest <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gravitatsiooniseadus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gravitatsiooniseadus">gravitatsiooniseadusest</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Teadusfilosoofiline_tõlgendus"><span id="Teadusfilosoofiline_t.C3.B5lgendus"></span>Teadusfilosoofiline tõlgendus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Kepler&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muuda alaosa "Teadusfilosoofiline tõlgendus"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>muuda</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Induktsionism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Induktsionism">Induktsionismi</a> seisukohalt paistab viis, kuidas Kepler tegi kindlaks planeetide orbiitide kuju, täiesti induktivistlikuna. <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tycho_Brahe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a> vaatles hoolikalt Marsi asendeid ning Kepler tegi neid andmeid hoolikalt analüüsides järelduse, et Marsi orbiit on ellipsikujuline.</p> <p>Kepler lähtus siiski mitmest teoreetilisest eeldusest. Esiteks oli ta veendunud, et Marss tiirleb ümber Päikese, mitte ümber Maa, ning Päike juhib planeetide liikumist. Muidu poleks ta elliptilise orbiidini jõudnud. Samuti alustas ta uurimist eeldusega, et taevakehade orbiidid on kas ringjoonekujulised või on mitme ringjoonelise liikumise summad (hiljem ta loobus sellest eeldusest).</p> <p>Viis, kuidas Kepler ellipsikujulise orbiidini jõudis, paistab olevat kooskõlas <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karl_Popper?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karl Popper">Karl Popperi</a> <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Falsifikatsionism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Falsifikatsionism">falsifikatsionismiga</a> (<a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Oletused_ja_kummutused&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Oletused ja kummutused (pole veel kirjutatud)">oletused ja kummutused</a>). Seejuures on siiski mõned raskused. Esiteks ei saanud otseselt kummutada eeldust, et taevakehad liiguvad mööda ringjooni. Kummutada sai vaid oletusi selle liikumise täpsema iseloomu kohta. Teiseks oli kõik vaatlusandmed juba varem kogunud <a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tycho_Brahe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a>, nii et vaatlus eelnes teooriale.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Välislingid"><span id="V.C3.A4lislingid"></span>Välislingid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Kepler&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muuda alaosa "Välislingid"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>muuda</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6724296">.mw-parser-output table.side-box{margin:4px 0;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output th.side-box-text,.mw-parser-output td.side-box-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.side-box a>img{max-width:none!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output table.side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output table.side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output table.side-box-left{margin-right:1em;border-collapse:collapse}}</style> <table role="presentation" class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fail:Commons-logo.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></td> <td class="side-box-text">Pildid, videod ja helifailid Commonsis: <b><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler?uselang%3Det">Johannes Kepler</a></b></td> </tr> </tbody> </table>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Pärit leheküljelt "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DJohannes_Kepler%26oldid%3D6759265">https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Kepler&oldid=6759265</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Kepler&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Velirand" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1731323582"> <span>Lehekülje viimane muutmine: 11. november 2024, 13:13</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Keeled</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – afrikaani" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – šveitsisaksa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="šveitsisaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258B%25AE%25E1%2588%2590%25E1%258A%2595%25E1%2588%25B5_%25E1%258A%25A8%25E1%258D%2595%25E1%2588%2588%25E1%2588%25AD" title="ዮሐንስ ከፕለር – amhara" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዮሐንስ ከፕለር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3_%25D9%2583%25D8%25A8%25D9%2584%25D8%25B1" title="يوهانس كبلر – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يوهانس كبلر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – aragoni" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – aromuuni" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromuuni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A6%25B9%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B8_%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A7%25B0" title="জহান্স কেপলাৰ – assami" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জহান্স কেপলাৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – astuuria" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astuuria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – guaranii" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaranii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25B0ohann_Kepler" title="İohann Kepler – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İohann Kepler" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%258C%25D9%2588%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3_%25DA%25A9%25D9%25BE%25D9%2584%25D8%25B1" title="یوهانس کپلر – lõunaaserbaidžaani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یوهانس کپلر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="lõunaaserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="hea artikkel"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A7%258B%25E0%25A6%25B9%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25B8_%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B0" title="ইয়োহানেস কেপলার – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইয়োহানেস কেপলার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – lõunamini" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="lõunamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2599%25D0%25BE%25D2%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD_%25D0%259A%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580" title="Йоһанн Кеплер – baškiiri" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Йоһанн Кеплер" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškiiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2586%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D0%259A%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580" title="Іаган Кеплер – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іаган Кеплер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2581%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D0%259A%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580" title="Ёган Кеплер – valgevene (taraškievitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ёган Кеплер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="valgevene (taraškievitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – bretooni" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretooni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2599%25D0%25BE%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D0%259A%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580" title="Йохан Кеплер – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йохан Кеплер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2599%25D0%25BE%25D2%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581_%25D0%259A%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580" title="Йоһаннес Кеплер – burjaadi" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Йоһаннес Кеплер" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="burjaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580,_%25D0%2598%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD" title="Кеплер, Иоганн – tšuvaši" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кеплер, Иоганн" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tšuvaši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghjuvanni_Kepleru" title="Ghjuvanni Kepleru – korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ghjuvanni Kepleru" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – kõmri" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kõmri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="hea artikkel"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2593%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BF%25CF%2587%25CE%25AC%25CE%25BD%25CE%25B5%25CF%2582_%25CE%259A%25CE%25AD%25CF%2580%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B5%25CF%2581" title="Γιοχάνες Κέπλερ – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γιοχάνες Κέπλερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="hea artikkel"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johano_Keplero" title="Johano Keplero – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Johano Keplero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%258C%25D9%2588%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3_%25DA%25A9%25D9%25BE%25D9%2584%25D8%25B1" title="یوهانس کپلر – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یوهانس کپلر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – Fidži hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fidži hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – friuuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friuuli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – iiri" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – gaeli" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaeli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%259A%2594%25ED%2595%2598%25EB%2584%25A4%25EC%258A%25A4_%25EC%25BC%2580%25ED%2594%258C%25EB%259F%25AC" title="요하네스 케플러 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="요하네스 케플러" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2585%25D5%25B8%25D5%25B0%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6_%25D4%25BF%25D5%25A5%25D5%25BA%25D5%25AC%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580" title="Յոհան Կեպլեր – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յոհան Կեպլեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B8_%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="योहानेस केप्लर – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="योहानेस केप्लर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – islandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Keplero" title="Giovanni Keplero – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giovanni Keplero" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2599%25D7%2595%25D7%2594%25D7%25A0%25D7%25A1_%25D7%25A7%25D7%25A4%25D7%259C%25D7%25A8" title="יוהנס קפלר – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יוהנס קפלר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – jaava" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jaava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%259C%25E0%25B3%258A%25E0%25B2%25B9%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%25A8%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B8%25E0%25B3%258D_%25E0%25B2%2595%25E0%25B3%2586%25E0%25B2%25AA%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B2%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B3%258D" title="ಜೊಹಾನ್ಸ್ ಕೆಪ್ಲರ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೊಹಾನ್ಸ್ ಕೆಪ್ಲರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="hea artikkel"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%25B0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A1_%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259E%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598" title="იოჰანეს კეპლერი – gruusia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იოჰანეს კეპლერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD_%25D0%259A%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580" title="Иоганн Кеплер – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Иоганн Кеплер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – korni" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD_%25D0%259A%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580" title="Иоганн Кеплер – kirgiisi" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Иоганн Кеплер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – suahiili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahiili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iohannes_Keplerus" title="Iohannes Keplerus – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iohannes Keplerus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johanness_Keplers" title="Johanness Keplers – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Johanness Keplers" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – letseburgi" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="letseburgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – liguuri" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – limburgi" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – livviko" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="livviko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jo%2527anes._kepler." title="jo'anes. kepler. – ložban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jo'anes. kepler." data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ložban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – lombardi" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2588%25D0%25BE%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581_%25D0%259A%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580" title="Јоханес Кеплер – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јоханес Кеплер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – malagassi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%259C%25E0%25B5%258A%25E0%25B4%25B9%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B5%25BB%25E0%25B4%25B8%25E0%25B5%258D_%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%2586%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B2%25E0%25B5%25BC" title="ജൊഹാൻസ് കെപ്ലർ – malajalami" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജൊഹാൻസ് കെപ്ലർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B8_%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="योहानेस केप्लर – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="योहानेस केप्लर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%25B0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A1_%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259E%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598" title="იოჰანეს კეპლერი – megreli" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იოჰანეს კეპლერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megreli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D8%25A8%25D9%2584%25D8%25B1" title="كيبلر – Egiptuse araabia" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كيبلر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egiptuse araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%258C%25D9%2588%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_%25DA%25A9%25D9%25BE%25D9%2584%25D8%25B1" title="یوهان کپلر – mazandaraani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="یوهان کپلر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandaraani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BE%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD%25D1%258D%25D1%2581_%25D0%259A%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580" title="Иоханнэс Кеплер – mongoli" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Иоханнэс Кеплер" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2582%25E1%2580%25BB%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%259F%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25BA_%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%25AC" title="ဂျိုဟန်နက်စ် ကပ်ပလာ – birma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျိုဟန်နက်စ် ကပ်ပလာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D_%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="योहानेस् केप्लर – nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="योहानेस् केप्लर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%25A8%25E3%2583%258F%25E3%2583%258D%25E3%2582%25B9%25E3%2583%25BB%25E3%2582%25B1%25E3%2583%2597%25E3%2583%25A9%25E3%2583%25BC" title="ヨハネス・ケプラー – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨハネス・ケプラー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DF%2596%25DF%258F%25DF%25A4%25DF%258A%25DF%25A3%25DF%258D%25DF%259B_%25DF%259E%25DF%258B%25DF%2594%25DF%2591%25DF%259F%25DF%258A%25DF%25AB" title="ߖߏߤߊߣߍߛ ߞߋߔߑߟߊ߫ – nkoo" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߖߏߤߊߣߍߛ ߞߋߔߑߟߊ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="nkoo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580,_%25D0%2598%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD" title="Кеплер, Иоганн – tšetšeeni" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кеплер, Иоганн" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tšetšeeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – põhjafriisi" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="põhjafriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – noviaal" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="noviaal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – oksitaani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler_Iogann" title="Kepler Iogann – usbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kepler Iogann" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%259C%25E0%25A9%258B%25E0%25A8%25B9%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25A8%25E0%25A8%25B8_%25E0%25A8%2595%25E0%25A9%2588%25E0%25A8%25AA%25E0%25A8%25B2%25E0%25A8%25B0" title="ਜੋਹਾਨਸ ਕੈਪਲਰ – pandžabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੋਹਾਨਸ ਕੈਪਲਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%258C%25D9%2588%25DB%2581%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3_%25DA%25A9%25D9%25BE%25D9%2584%25D8%25B1" title="یوہانس کپلر – lahnda" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یوہانس کپلر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="lahnda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%258C%25D9%2588%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3_%25DA%25A9%25D9%25BE%25D9%2584%25D8%25B1" title="یوهانس کپلر – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="یوهانس کپلر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – piemonte" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemonte" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – alamsaksa" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="alamsaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="hea artikkel"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – kölni" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – ketšua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ketšua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2599%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD_%25D0%259A%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580" title="Йоганн Кеплер – russiini" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Йоганн Кеплер" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="russiini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="hea artikkel"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580,_%25D0%2598%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD" title="Кеплер, Иоганн – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кеплер, Иоганн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580_%25D0%2598%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD" title="Кеплер Иоганн – jakuudi" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кеплер Иоганн" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakuudi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye-han-ni-se-ke%25E2%2580%2599-pu-le%25E2%2580%2599_%25E7%25B4%2584%25E7%25BF%25B0%25E5%25B0%25BC%25E6%2596%25AF%25E5%2585%258B%25E5%258D%259C%25E5%258B%2592" title="Ye-han-ni-se-ke’-pu-le’ 約翰尼斯克卜勒 – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Ye-han-ni-se-ke’-pu-le’ 約翰尼斯克卜勒" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B8_%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D" title="योहानेस केप्लर् – sanskriti" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="योहानेस केप्लर्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskriti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AC%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25D9%25BE%25D9%2584%25D8%25B1" title="جان کیپلر – seraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="جان کیپلر" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="seraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – sardi" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – šoti" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="šoti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – albaania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – sitsiilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sitsiilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%25A2%25E0%25B7%259C%25E0%25B7%2584%25E0%25B6%25B1%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B6%25B1%25E0%25B7%2583%25E0%25B7%258A_%25E0%25B6%259A%25E0%25B7%2599%25E0%25B6%25B4%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B6%25BD%25E0%25B6%25BB%25E0%25B7%258A" title="ජොහන්නස් කෙප්ලර් – singali" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජොහන්නස් කෙප්ලර්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%258C%25DB%2586%25DA%25BE%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3_%25DA%25A9%25DB%258E%25D9%25BE%25D9%2584%25DB%2595%25D8%25B1" title="یۆھانس کێپلەر – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یۆھانس کێپلەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2588%25D0%25BE%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D0%259A%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580" title="Јохан Кеплер – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јохан Кеплер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – tagalogi" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalogi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AF%258B%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AF%2581_%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%2586%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AF%258D" title="யோகான்னசு கெப்லர் – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யோகான்னசு கெப்லர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BE%25D2%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD_%25D0%259A%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580" title="Иоһанн Кеплер – tatari" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Иоһанн Кеплер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%259C%25E0%25B1%258B%25E0%25B0%25B9%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%25A8%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B8%25E0%25B1%258D_%25E0%25B0%2595%25E0%25B1%2586%25E0%25B0%25AA%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B2%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B1%258D" title="జోహాన్స్ కెప్లర్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జోహాన్స్ కెప్లర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B9%2582%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%25AE%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%25AA_%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B9%2587%25E0%25B8%259E%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%259E%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B9%258C" title="โยฮันเนิส เค็พเพลอร์ – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โยฮันเนิส เค็พเพลอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580,_%25D0%2598%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD" title="Кеплер, Иоганн – udmurdi" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Кеплер, Иоганн" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2599%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD_%25D0%259A%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580" title="Йоганн Кеплер – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Йоганн Кеплер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D9%25BE%25D9%2584%25D8%25B1" title="کپلر – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کپلر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler_Johannes" title="Kepler Johannes – vepsa" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kepler Johannes" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – volapüki" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapüki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%2596%258B%25E6%2599%25AE%25E5%258B%2592" title="開普勒 – klassikaline hiina" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="開普勒" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassikaline hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – varai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25BA%25A6%25E7%25BF%25B0%25E5%2586%2585%25E6%2596%25AF%25C2%25B7%25E5%25BC%2580%25E6%2599%25AE%25E5%258B%2592" title="约翰内斯·开普勒 – uu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="约翰内斯·开普勒" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="uu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2599%25D7%2590%25D7%2594%25D7%2590%25D7%25A0%25D7%25A2%25D7%25A1_%25D7%25A7%25D7%25A2%25D7%25A4%25D7%259C%25D7%25A2%25D7%25A8" title="יאהאנעס קעפלער – jidiši" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יאהאנעס קעפלער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25A5%2596%25E6%25BC%25A2%25E5%25B0%25BC%25E6%2596%25AF%25C2%25B7%25E9%2596%258B%25E6%2599%25AE%25E5%258B%2592" title="祖漢尼斯·開普勒 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="祖漢尼斯·開普勒" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – zeelandi" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zeelandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juohanesos_Kepleris" title="Juohanesos Kepleris – žemaidi" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Juohanesos Kepleris" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="žemaidi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25BA%25A6%25E7%25BF%25B0%25E5%2586%2585%25E6%2596%25AF%25C2%25B7%25E5%25BC%2580%25E6%2599%25AE%25E5%258B%2592" title="约翰内斯·开普勒 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="约翰内斯·开普勒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler – Mandailingi bataki" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Johannes Kepler" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Mandailingi bataki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-et.svg" alt="Vikipeedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">Selle lehekülje viimane muutmine: 13:13, 11. november 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Sisu on kasutatav litsentsi <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.et">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> tingimustel, kui pole öeldud teisiti.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Andmekaitsepõhimõtted</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipeedia:Tiitelandmed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Tiitelandmed</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="https://et-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipeedia:%C3%9Cldine_lahti%C3%BCtlus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Lahtiütlused</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Käitumisjuhis</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://developer.wikimedia.org">Arendajad</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stats.wikimedia.org/%23/et.wikipedia.org">Arvandmed</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Küpsiste avaldus</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Kasutustingimused</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DJohannes_Kepler%26mobileaction%3Dtoggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Lauaarvuti</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-lzhrf","wgBackendResponseTime":172,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.299","walltime":"0.411","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1037,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":13722,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":827,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":11,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":8709,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 260.883 1 -total"," 37.11% 96.822 1 Mall:Keeletoimeta"," 29.46% 76.858 2 Mall:Ambox"," 27.86% 72.681 1 Mall:Commons"," 27.13% 70.781 1 Mall:Sõsarprojekt"," 26.39% 68.837 1 Mall:Äärekast"," 24.31% 63.411 1 Mall:Teadlane"," 22.94% 59.852 1 Mall:Infokast"," 8.07% 21.060 1 Mall:Viita"," 5.96% 15.551 3 Mall:Br_eraldatud_kirjed"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.144","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2808302,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-55b5456bcb-n9c29","timestamp":"20241120201437","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Johannes Kepler","url":"https:\/\/et.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Johannes_Kepler","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q8963","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q8963","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia projektide kaast\u00f6\u00f6lised"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-02-17T01:10:26Z","dateModified":"2024-11-11T11:13:02Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/74\/JKepler.jpg","headline":"saksa astroloog, astronoom, optik, matemaatik ja natuurfilosoof"}</script> <script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> <script>function gtElInit() {var lib = new google.translate.TranslateService();lib.translatePage('et', 'en', function () {});}</script> <script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=gtElInit&hl=en-GB&client=wt" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html>