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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-範圍" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#範圍"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>範圍</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-範圍-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关範圍子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-範圍-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-爭議" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#爭議"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>爭議</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-爭議-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-伉大中華个區分" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#伉大中華个區分"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>伉大中華个區分</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-伉大中華个區分-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>文化</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-文化-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关文化子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-漢字" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#漢字"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>漢字</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-漢字-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-書法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#書法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>書法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-書法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-思想" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#思想"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>思想</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-思想-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关思想子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-思想-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-中國哲學家" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中國哲學家"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>中國哲學家</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中國哲學家-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗敎" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗敎"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>宗敎</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-宗敎-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关宗敎子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-宗敎-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-儒敎" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#儒敎"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>儒敎</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-儒敎-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-基層敎條" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#基層敎條"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>基層敎條</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-基層敎條-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-族羣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#族羣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>族羣</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-族羣-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关族羣子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-族羣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-漢族个争论" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#漢族个争论"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>漢族个争论</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-漢族个争论-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中華民族个争论" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中華民族个争论"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>中華民族个争论</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中華民族个争论-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">中国</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。78种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78種閒話</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina" title="Cina – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cina" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86_(%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9)" title="الصين (منطقة) – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الصين (منطقة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A8%DC%9D%DC%A2_(%DC%90%DC%AA%DC%A5%DC%90)" title="ܨܝܢ (ܐܪܥܐ) – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܨܝܢ (ܐܪܥܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – 艾马拉语" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾马拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%97n%C4%97j%C4%97_(%C5%A1al%C4%97s)" title="Kėnėjė (šalės) – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kėnėjė (šalės)" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%BC" title="ཀྲུང་གོ – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀྲུང་གོ" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sina" title="Sina – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sina" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xina" title="Xina – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%B9%B3%CC%86ng-gu%C3%B3k_(d%C3%AA-k%E1%B9%B3%CC%86)" title="Dṳ̆ng-guók (dê-kṳ̆) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dṳ̆ng-guók (dê-kṳ̆)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86_(%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8E%D9%85)" title="چین (ھەرێم) – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چین (ھەرێم)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsieina" title="Tsieina – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tsieina" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%82" title="རྒྱ་ནག – 宗卡语" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="རྒྱ་ནག" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="宗卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_(region)" title="China (region) – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="China (region)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88inio_(regiono)" title="Ĉinio (regiono) – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉinio (regiono)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_(regi%C3%B3n)" title="China (región) – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="China (región)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiina_(maa)" title="Hiina (maa) – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hiina (maa)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txinaren_izenak" title="Txinaren izenak – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txinaren izenak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ملت چین – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ملت چین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiina" title="Hiina – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Hiina" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C2%B7ina" title="Ch·ina – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ch·ina" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tS%C3%ADn" title="An tSín – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="中國" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ACona_(roinn_chultarach)" title="Sìona (roinn chultarach) – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Sìona (roinn chultarach)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_(rexi%C3%B3n)" title="China (rexión) – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="China (rexión)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_%C3%87heen" title="Yn Çheen – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Çheen" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BBng-koet_(thi-kh%C3%AE)" title="Chûng-koet (thi-khî) – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chûng-koet (thi-khî)" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F_(%D7%90%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8)" title="סין (אזור) – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סין (אזור)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="चीन – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चीन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiongkok_(istilah)" title="Tiongkok (istilah) – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tiongkok (istilah)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADna_(menningarsv%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Kína (menningarsvæði) – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kína (menningarsvæði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="中国 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaina" title="Chaina – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Chaina" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina" title="Cina – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Cina" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1tay_milleti" title="Qıtay milleti – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Qıtay milleti" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE" title="ಚೀನಾ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚೀನಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD" title="중국 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9_(%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Къытай (тарих регион) – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Къытай (тарих регион)" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – 科隆语" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="科隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinae_(regio)" title="Sinae (regio) – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sinae (regio)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinija_(regionas)" title="Kinija (regionas) – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kinija (regionas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABna_(re%C4%A3ions)" title="Ķīna (reģions) – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ķīna (reģions)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ചൈനീസ് സംസ്കാരം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചൈനീസ് സംസ്കാരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_(kawasan)" title="China (kawasan) – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="China (kawasan)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kina-regionen" title="Kina-regionen – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kina-regionen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kina_(kulturomr%C3%A5de)" title="Kina (kulturområde) – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kina (kulturområde)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinne" title="Chinne – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Chinne" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kine" title="Kine – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Kine" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – 普法爾茨德文" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="普法爾茨德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="चीन – 巴利语" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="चीन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="巴利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiny_(region)" title="Chiny (region) – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chiny (region)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chunwa" title="Chunwa – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chunwa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Китай" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%83_(%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D)" title="चीनः (क्षेत्रम्) – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="चीनः (क्षेत्रम्)" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheenae_(region)" title="Cheenae (region) – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cheenae (region)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/China" title="China – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="China" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADna_(civiliz%C3%A1cia)" title="Čína (civilizácia) – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čína (civilizácia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitajska" title="Kitajska – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kitajska" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Кина (регион) – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кина (регион)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiongkok_(istilah)" title="Tiongkok (istilah) – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tiongkok (istilah)" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kina_(region)" title="Kina (region) – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kina (region)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE_(%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="சீனா (பக்கவழி நெறிப்படுத்துதல்) – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீனா (பக்கவழி நெறிப்படுத்துதல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saina_(kainkain_mining)" title="Saina (kainkain mining) – 托克皮辛语" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Saina (kainkain mining)" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="托克皮辛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_(b%C3%B6lge)" title="Çin (bölge) – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çin (bölge)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%87%DA%AD%D8%AE%DB%87%D8%A7" title="جۇڭخۇا – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="جۇڭخۇا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Китай – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Китай" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trung_Qu%E1%BB%91c_(khu_v%E1%BB%B1c)" title="Trung Quốc (khu vực) – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trung Quốc (khu vực)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsina" title="Tsina – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tsina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B9%A2%C3%A1%C3%ADn%C3%A0" title="Ṣáínà – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ṣáínà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunghgoz_(digih)" title="Cunghgoz (digih) – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cunghgoz (digih)" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="中國" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="中國" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiong-kok_(i%C5%8Dng-g%C3%AD)" title="Tiong-kok (iōng-gí) – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiong-kok (iōng-gí)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="中國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q29520#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="名字空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="望内容页[c]" accesskey="c"><span>文章</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" rel="discussion" title="有关内容页面个讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> 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class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 别个项目里向 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD_/_%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q29520" title="链接到有关数据存储库项[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">囥起來</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自维基百科，自由个百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="wuu" dir="ltr"><div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/26px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/39px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/52px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></span></span>有關“中国”个別樣意思，見<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%88%E5%88%86%E6%B8%85%E7%88%BD%EF%BC%89" class="mw-disambig" title="中国（分清爽）">中国（分清爽）</a>。</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liang_qichao.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Liang_qichao.jpg/220px-Liang_qichao.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Liang_qichao.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="235" data-file-height="312" /></a><figcaption>梁啓超發明出「中華民族」概念</figcaption></figure> <p><b>中國</b>是歷史上頭一隻名詞，老早用來指代<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%83%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%9F%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黃河流域（页面弗存在）">黃河流域</a>个<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="中原地区">中原地區</a>，到<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD" title="三国">三國</a>辰光，<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%B6%8A" title="吴越">吳越</a>豪强<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E6%9D%83" title="孙权">孫權</a>還話「<b>若以吳越之衆抗衡中國</b>」。昰隻概念，在<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="明帝国">明帝國</a>辰光開始，伴隨帝國在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E6%B1%9F%E6%B5%81%E5%9F%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="长江流域（页面弗存在）">長江流域</a>搭<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E8%B4%B5%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="云贵高原">雲貴高原</a>个殖民，逐眼擴張指代所謂个<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E7%9C%81" title="汉地十八省">漢地十八省</a>。到<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="清帝国">清帝國</a>後期，因爲<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西方文明（页面弗存在）">西方文明</a>个傳播，一點文人有樣學樣，擔整個<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="清帝国">清帝國</a>个版圖指代成所謂个<a class="mw-selflink selflink">中國</a>。昰然，就讓本生屬於<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%9A" title="东北亚">東北亞</a>个<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E6%B4%B2" title="满洲">滿洲</a>、屬於<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="内亚">內亞</a>个<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-disambig" title="蒙古">蒙古</a>、屬於<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="中亚">中亞</a>个<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86" class="mw-redirect" title="新疆">新疆</a>全因爲版圖關係，歸類到<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中國">中國</a>當中哉。乃朝，<a class="mw-selflink selflink">中國</a>成爲著一隻政治意味邪氣強个概念，自家認爲「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>」个版圖、「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="中华民国">中華民國</a>」自由地區、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%97%A8" title="澳门">澳門</a>全屬於中國。「<a class="mw-selflink selflink">中國</a>」是一套世界觀，交關<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="华人（页面弗存在）">華人</a>全認爲但凡使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="汉字">漢字</a>，受著<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中华文明（页面弗存在）">中華文明</a>影響个地區，全該應屬於中國。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="範圍"><span id=".E7.AF.84.E5.9C.8D"></span>範圍</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：範圍"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">中國</a>个範圍內有交關文化存在，因爲歷史丄<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%80%E7%BB%9F%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大一统帝国（页面弗存在）">大一統帝國</a>个殖民替之壓迫咾，交關本地文化全畀滅慝著，昰當中，便包括两千多年前頭个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BD%90%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="齐文化（页面弗存在）">齊文化</a>；以<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E6%B1%9F%E4%B8%AD%E6%B8%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="长江中游（页面弗存在）">長江中游</a>爲根據地个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="楚文化（页面弗存在）">楚文化</a>咾啥。還有因得人口滅絕咾消失个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E8%9C%80%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古蜀文化（页面弗存在）">古蜀文化</a>。乃朝，<a class="mw-selflink selflink">中國</a>認爲自家是所謂<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="汉文化（页面弗存在）">漢文化</a>个發源地，外加一直宣傳是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="世界">世界</a>丄向頂頂古老个文明之一（實質丄自家受到<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="中亚">中亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="内亚">內亞</a>影響大來邪）。對周邊國家、民族个文化有得深遠影響，形成功<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" title="汉字文化圈">漢字文化圈</a>。不過，因爲<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E9%9D%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="文革">文革</a>搭周邊國家<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="民族主义">民族主義</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国族主义（页面弗存在）">國族主義</a>个影響，乃朝<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="汉字">漢字</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>搭之<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C" title="朝鲜">朝鮮</a>已經廢慝爻，來在<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>个使用也受著衝擊。就是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>自家，也通過推廣「<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="简体字">簡化字</a>」，讓漢字传承產生著改变。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="爭議"><span id=".E7.88.AD.E8.AD.B0"></span>爭議</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：爭議"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>來在1949年<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>建立，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="中华民国">中華民國</a>搬遷到<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97" class="mw-redirect" title="台北">臺北</a>之後，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E5%85%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="中国国民党">中國國民當</a>伉<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="中国共产党">中國共產當</a>控制个兩隻政懸就因啥人再好代表中國產生著諸多矛盾，1950年爆發个<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="韩国战争">韓國戰爭</a>讓<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="中华民国">中華民國</a>作爲中國个唯一代表繼續在交關國際組織當中代表整個中國存在。中華人民共和國因得加入爻<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E9%98%B5%E8%90%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏联阵营（页面弗存在）">蘇聯陣營</a>，受到著交關社會主義國家个承認。雙方爲著合法性展開爻對決。昰隻局面僵著蠻長辰光，一直到1970年代，中華人民共和國支持个非洲國家在渠援助下頭，在<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD" title="联合国">聯合國</a>鼓動投票，讓中華人民共和國取代中華民國成爲中國在聯合國當中个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E7%90%86%E4%BC%9A%E5%B8%B8%E4%BB%BB%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联合国安理会常任理事国（页面弗存在）">聯合國安理會常任理事國</a>。後首來，1972年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="美国总统">美国總統</a>尼克送訪問北京，替之中國共產黨領導人<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C" title="毛泽东">毛澤東</a>碰頭，昰然，中華人民共和國搭之行情西方世界國家建立著外交關係，中華民國个外交空間進一步壓縮著。到1990年代後，因爲中華人民共和國國力增長替臺灣本土意識推廣，中華民國隻概念已經弗大有人話起，貤加無臺灣儂認爲自家是代表中國。乃朝，反倒是中華人民共和國嘗怕臺灣拒絕承認自家是中国，真正獨立出去。爲此，1992年，雙方有過所謂<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%9D%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E8%AF%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="九二共识（页面弗存在）">九二共識</a>。但中華人民共和國一直弗承認所謂一中各表个話法，實質丄是強迫臺灣要承認自家屬於中華人民共和國隻政懸，而弗單單是屬於中國隻概念。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="伉大中華个區分"><span id=".E4.BC.89.E5.A4.A7.E4.B8.AD.E8.8F.AF.E4.B8.AA.E5.8D.80.E5.88.86"></span>伉大中華个區分</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：伉大中華个區分"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>一般來話，中國隻概念替歷史丄向个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中原王朝（页面弗存在）">中原王朝</a>有得繼承關係，多數是政治丄个攷量詞彙，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大中华（页面弗存在）">大中華</a>是泛指所有有得<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="华人（页面弗存在）">華人</a>住在許个、或者大量聚集个<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2" title="亚洲">亞洲</a>周邊地區（主要是南洋）。蓋咾，一般也有得擔中華人民共和國大陸地區謳作中國个講法。擔包括香港、臺灣、澳門、新加坡乃至馬來、印尼咾排華人占著顯著比例个國家或者地區擺在一淘，叫<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="大中华地区">大中華地區</a>。一眼<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="跨国企业（页面弗存在）">跨國企業</a>習慣擔包括港澳臺替之大陸个地區擺在一淘，去成立一隻大中華區部門。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint" style="font-size:small">主文章：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="中国历史">中国历史</a></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xian_guerreros_terracota_general.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Xian guerreros terracota general.JPG" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Xian_guerreros_terracota_general.JPG/220px-Xian_guerreros_terracota_general.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Xian_guerreros_terracota_general.JPG/330px-Xian_guerreros_terracota_general.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Xian_guerreros_terracota_general.JPG/440px-Xian_guerreros_terracota_general.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Xian guerreros terracota general</figcaption></figure> <p>所爲<a class="mw-selflink selflink">中國</a>个概念，自然是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帝国文人（页面弗存在）">帝國文人</a>根據<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%80%E7%BB%9F" title="大一统">大一統</a>歷史觀念編出來个。具體內容是距離乃朝四千多年前頭，以臨近內亞个<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="中原地区">中原地區</a>爲中心開始出現聚落組織，後頭在<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="内亚">內亞</a>个影響下頭，形成功擔戰車作爲單位个大型軍隊，並對周邊原住民族進行殖民屠殺。來在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="春秋战国（页面弗存在）">春秋戰國</a>之後，來自內亞个<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%9B%BD" title="秦国">秦國</a>靠<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%BB%E4%BD%93%E6%88%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="总体战（页面弗存在）">總體戰</a>吞併爻所有別个中原國家，外加勢力擴張到著<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%A0%E6%B1%9F%E6%B5%81%E5%9F%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="珠江流域（页面弗存在）">珠江流域</a>。後首，到著<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%9C%9D" title="汉朝">漢朝</a>，開始用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%84%92%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="儒学（页面弗存在）">儒學</a>立國，並廢慝著<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%81%E5%BB%BA%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="封建制（页面弗存在）">封建制</a>。卻情，新一代个地方勢力在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%B1%89" class="mw-redirect" title="东汉">東漢</a>辰光發源，到著<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AD%8F%E6%99%8B%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="魏晋南北朝（页面弗存在）">魏晉南北朝</a>，形成功著新貴族，並掌握爻權力。6世紀，<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="内亚">內亞</a>上來个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B3%E9%99%87%E8%B4%B5%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="关陇贵族（页面弗存在）">關隴貴族</a>先後擊敗著<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A3%AB%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="山东士族（页面弗存在）">山東士族</a>伉<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E5%8D%97%E5%A3%AB%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="江南士族（页面弗存在）">江南士族</a>，貤建立爻<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%80%E7%BB%9F%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大一统帝国（页面弗存在）">大一統帝國</a>。之後，開始實行<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E4%B8%BE" title="科举">科舉</a>，解構貴族制度。到著<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋朝</a>，因得<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="内亚">內亞</a>傳得來个<a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%AF%E5%AD%90" title="檯子">檯子</a>替之<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%AE%E5%87%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="矮凳（页面弗存在）">矮凳</a>个普及搭<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%A3%E5%9D%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="正坐（页面弗存在）">正坐</a>个消失，乃朝所謂个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中华文明（页面弗存在）">中華文明</a>開始出現爻一隻底層。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%96%E5%BA%B7%E4%B9%8B%E5%8F%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="靖康之变（页面弗存在）">靖康之變</a>搭<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%A5%E5%AF%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒙古入寇（页面弗存在）">蒙古入寇</a>讓<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="中原地区">中原地區</a>貤有著一輪新个<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="内亚">內亞</a>化。到著<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="明帝国">明帝國</a>，開始對<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E8%B4%B5%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="云贵高原">雲貴高原</a>進行強行殖民，外加通過人口置換替之戶籍捆綁，管轄帝國老百姓。總體講起來，其實是一直在<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6" title="君主制">君主政體</a>个專制集權大一統統治下底，衹不過<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%9D%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国朝代（页面弗存在）">朝代</a>更替。<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E4%BA%A5%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="辛亥革命">辛亥革命</a>之後，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1" title="孙中山">孫中山</a>排儂爲著自家个政治利益攷慮，放棄爻老早个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="汉民族主义（页面弗存在）">漢民族主義</a>，外加弗再話啥<a class="mw-selflink selflink">中國</a>等同<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E7%9C%81" title="汉地十八省">漢地十八省</a>，反過來學習渠場自家推翻慝个<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a>，開始吹捧<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%94%E6%97%8F%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="五族共和（页面弗存在）">五族共和</a>，話啥<a class="mw-selflink selflink">中國</a>个範圍包括從<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="帕米尔高原">帕米爾高原</a>一直到<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="台湾">臺灣</a>。1920年代，<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E5%90%AF%E8%B6%85" title="梁启超">梁啓超</a>咾排儂發明著「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="中华民族">中華民族</a>」，構建著<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%8F" title="国族">國族</a>隻概念，一批來自伲<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%B6%8A" title="吴越">吳越</a>个文人鼓吹「<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="国语">國語</a>」，推廣<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%99%BD%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北京白话（页面弗存在）">北京白話</a>爲基礎个行文。到1950年代後，昰眼做法在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>搭<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="中华民国">中華民國</a>全得到爻强制推廣普及。今朝，行都<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97" class="mw-redirect" title="台北">臺北</a>个<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="中华民国">中華民國</a>替建都<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" title="北京">北京</a>个<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>，全話自家代表整個中國。(弗個因得近年<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="台湾">臺灣</a>新一代儂<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%9F%E6%84%8F%E8%AF%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="本土意识（页面弗存在）">本土意識</a>个增長，覺著<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="中华民国">中華民國</a>代表老早<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%8B%E6%B5%B7%E6%A3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="秋海棠（页面弗存在）">秋海棠</a>版圖个小青年已經寥寥無幾哉）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文化"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>文化</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%8D%E9%A3%9F%E9%B4%89%E7%89%87%E5%9C%96.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%8D%E9%A3%9F%E9%B4%89%E7%89%87%E5%9C%96.PNG/220px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%8D%E9%A3%9F%E9%B4%89%E7%89%87%E5%9C%96.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%8D%E9%A3%9F%E9%B4%89%E7%89%87%E5%9C%96.PNG/330px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%8D%E9%A3%9F%E9%B4%89%E7%89%87%E5%9C%96.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%8D%E9%A3%9F%E9%B4%89%E7%89%87%E5%9C%96.PNG/440px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%8D%E9%A3%9F%E9%B4%89%E7%89%87%E5%9C%96.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="651" /></a><figcaption>中國人在服食鴉片中</figcaption></figure> <p>中國个傳統<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="艺术">藝術</a>形式有得<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E4%B9%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国乐（页面弗存在）">國樂</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%8F%E6%9B%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="戏曲（页面弗存在）">戲曲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95" title="书法">書法</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E7%94%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国画（页面弗存在）">國畫</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="陶瓷（页面弗存在）">陶瓷</a>咾啥，傳統娛樂活動有得<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%B4%E6%A3%8B" title="围棋">圍棋</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E6%A3%8B" title="象棋">象棋</a>搭<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E5%B0%86" title="麻将">麻將</a>咾啥。<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6" title="茶">茶</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%85%92%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国酒文化（页面弗存在）">酒</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%8F%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国菜（页面弗存在）">菜</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="筷">筷</a>是中國个特色<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A5%AE%E9%A3%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="饮食（页面弗存在）">飲食</a>文化。<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E8%8A%82" title="春节">春節</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%AE%B5" title="元宵">元宵</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%98%8E" title="清明">清明</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%AF%E5%8D%88%E8%8A%82_(%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA)" class="mw-redirect" title="端午节 (华人)">端午</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%95" title="七夕">七夕</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A7%8B%E8%8A%82" title="中秋节">中秋</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8D%E9%98%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="重阳（页面弗存在）">重阳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E8%87%B3" title="冬至">冬至</a>是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%E8%8A%82%E6%97%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国传统节日（页面弗存在）">傳統節日</a>。中國傳統丄崇尚<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%84%92%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="儒学（页面弗存在）">儒學</a>，以<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%8E%86" class="mw-redirect" title="夏历">夏歷</a>爲歷法，以<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%94%E4%BC%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="五伦（页面弗存在）">五倫</a>爲道德準則。傳統中國人有得強烈个父系<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗族（页面弗存在）">宗族</a>觀念，蓋咾擔代表<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD" title="家庭">家庭</a>个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%A7%93%E6%B0%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中文姓氏（页面弗存在）">姓</a>擺在名字前頭。另外，大一統帝國个集權政府歷朝歷代全有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E5%AE%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="史官（页面弗存在）">史官</a>，對官僚集團內部鬥爭，統治集團个陰謀活動咾啥个內容，全有邪氣詳盡个歷史資料，譬方《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二十四史（页面弗存在）">二十四史</a>》《<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%89%B4" title="资治通鉴">資治通鑑</a>》咾啥。但對<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%81%E7%99%BE%E5%A7%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="老百姓（页面弗存在）">老百姓</a>个日腳，戰爭个準備研究還有使用技術方面，記載零散雜亂。故所以再會得有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E4%BA%BA%E5%A3%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文人士大夫（页面弗存在）">文人士大夫</a>用<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89" title="三国演义">三國演義</a>當兵書打仗種滑稽事體。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="漢字"><span id=".E6.BC.A2.E5.AD.97"></span>漢字</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：漢字"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KaishuOuyangxun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/KaishuOuyangxun.jpg/220px-KaishuOuyangxun.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/KaishuOuyangxun.jpg/330px-KaishuOuyangxun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/KaishuOuyangxun.jpg/440px-KaishuOuyangxun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="899" data-file-height="1319" /></a><figcaption>楷書歐陽詢个《九成宮醴泉銘》。</figcaption></figure> <p>中國个書寫系統是一種從<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87" title="甲骨文">甲骨文</a>演化過來个象形文字，屬於伉埃及方尖碑上頭文字一式樣个寫法。傍中東西方个書寫系統，交關抽象、難學。卻情，由於地理隔絕个原因，行情東亞邦國全在歷史丄受過漢字个影響。比方話<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="韩国">韓國</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>咾啥。漢字在歷史丄產生過海海會會字體，外加有得寫法丄向个演變。不過，從東晉到1950年代之前，要緊个碑文文件丄个漢字形態便基本固定落來。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>成立後，照拉丁化个指導，先後兩趟進行著對漢字个所謂「簡化」，造成著乃朝在中華人民共和國境內用个漢字，搭香港澳門臺灣个大推扳，同時，一點周邊國家，也演化出自家个字替乃至拼音，擔漢字廢慝著。乃朝有眼文人還歡喜講漢字文化圈。不過，想恢復類似个圈子，基本也是黄粱一夢哉。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="書法"><span id=".E6.9B.B8.E6.B3.95"></span>書法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：書法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在漢字个基礎丄向，因得文人文化个發展，六朝之後，中原大一統帝國个文人開始出現講究漢字美感个文化氛圍。到東晋許歇，開始出現爻第一批書法家。个當中，以南竄士族後代王羲之頂爲有名。到隋唐辰光，書法藝術繼續發展，出現著柳公權、顏真卿咾排有名个書法家。進入宋帝國之後，書法呈現出個人化色彩，交關有名人物全自家創造書法字體，比方講，黄庭坚就自家創造黄體，宋徽宗趙佶也創造著獨特个瘦金體。蒙古人侵略之後，書法字體慢慢然定型落來。後首來个文人全歡喜模倣前人个字體，同時，文人主宰个興起也讓字體向潦草个方向發展。到清帝國辰光，乾嘉學派个文人邪氣歡喜用小篆咾啥个古代碑刻字體薄相復古審美。書法來在中國社會裏向畀當成功一隻身份象徵，有書法能力个，人家會得刮目相看。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="思想"><span id=".E6.80.9D.E6.83.B3"></span>思想</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：思想"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Konfuzius-1770.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Konfuzius-1770.jpg/220px-Konfuzius-1770.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Konfuzius-1770.jpg/330px-Konfuzius-1770.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Konfuzius-1770.jpg/440px-Konfuzius-1770.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1132" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>孔丘</figcaption></figure> <p>中國个<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="哲学">哲學</a>在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="春秋战国（页面弗存在）">春秋戰國</a>辰光發端，主要代表思想有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法家（页面弗存在）">法家</a>搭<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="儒家">儒家</a>。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法家（页面弗存在）">法家</a>重視官僚集權帝國个榨取能力，<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="儒家">儒家</a>鼓吹<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8D%E5%8F%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="复古（页面弗存在）">復古</a>，要求恢復到<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E4%BB%A3%E4%B9%8B%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三代之治（页面弗存在）">三代之治</a>。到著<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%9C%9D" title="汉朝">漢朝</a>之後，形成功表面儒家，實質法家个結構，儒家成爲著思想丄个主宰——昰个思想，歷來重視<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%98%E5%83%9A%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="官僚法术（页面弗存在）">官僚法術</a>搭<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%81%E4%BA%BA%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="私人道德（页面弗存在）">私人道德</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="儒家">儒家</a>學說對此提到行情內容，對<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="形而上（页面弗存在）">形而上</a>或者<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="抽象（页面弗存在）">抽象</a>概念論述交關少。在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AD%E6%9C%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="六朝（页面弗存在）">六朝</a>，先後接受著玄學搭佛學个影響，傳統儒學遭到衝擊，造成功<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a>佛道思維个興起，到著五代十國之後，因爲<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E4%B8%BE%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科举制度（页面弗存在）">科舉制度</a>普及，造成爻寒門士大夫權利膨脹，釀造末腳<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%8B%E6%9C%B1%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="程朱理学（页面弗存在）">程朱理學</a>个出現，門學問在創新丄無啥貢獻，尤其世界觀還要參攷<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>搭<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教">道教</a>个內容，但不過，因得好自圓其說，邪氣好滿足大一統帝國統治集團个需求，蓋咾也成爲爻所謂國學搭科舉攷試个正統出題內容，並形成著道德規範，左右帝國所有居民交關年數。<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清</a>辰光，<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">歐洲</a>航海家來到<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="广东">廣東</a>咾排場許，傳播<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西方文明（页面弗存在）">西方文明</a>，不過因爲<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E4%BA%BA%E5%A3%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文人士大夫（页面弗存在）">文人士大夫</a>个抵制搭之<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%97%AD%E5%85%B3%E9%94%81%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="闭关锁国（页面弗存在）">閉關鎖國</a>，除慝覺著人家是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%87%E6%8A%80%E6%B7%AB%E5%B7%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奇技淫巧（页面弗存在）">奇技淫巧</a>以外，並無幾許接納。18世紀在末阶段，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E4%BA%BA%E5%A3%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文人士大夫（页面弗存在）">文人士大夫</a>開始窮兇窮惡然食<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B8%A6%E7%89%87%E7%83%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鸦片烟（页面弗存在）">鴉片菸</a>，外加擔昰樣物事用<a class="mw-selflink selflink">中國</a>傳統思想解釋，美其名曰「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%8F%E5%A3%BD%E8%86%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="福壽膏（页面弗存在）">福壽膏</a>」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中國哲學家"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9C.8B.E5.93.B2.E5.AD.B8.E5.AE.B6"></span>中國哲學家</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：中國哲學家"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E5%AD%90" title="孔子">孔子</a>：春秋阿末階段个哲學家，<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E5%9B%BD" title="鲁国">鲁国</a>儂，生在低級貴族，創設儒家，鼓吹復古思維，畀後首來歷朝歷代統治集團推崇，擔渠加封爲<b>大成至聖先師文宣王</b>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%AD%90" title="孟子">孟子</a>：儒學代表人物之一，關注更多現實社會問題。歡喜鼓吹理想主義，辯論來事。後頭也受到尊崇，人家尊渠爲亞聖。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90" title="老子">老子</a>：道家創造人，身世成謎，一般性認爲是在淮河流域生长个楚國人。著《道德經》，後首畀尊崇爲<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教">道教</a>創始人，號<b>太上老君</b>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90" title="庄子">莊子</a>：道家思維个發散人物，楚國人，著《莊子》，倡導「超然物外」个認知，伉孟子在儒家當中个地位差大弗多，後來畀道教尊爲<b>南華真君</b>。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%A9%E9%9D%9E%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="韩非子（页面弗存在）">韓非子</a>：法家思維个要緊人物，出身戰國阿末階段个韓國貴族家庭，鼓吹法術政治，對後首个歷史影響邪氣深遠。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%80%E5%AD%90" title="荀子">荀子</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="宗敎"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.95.8E"></span>宗敎</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：宗敎"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sun_Simiao,_White_Cloud_Temple,_Beijing.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Sun_Simiao%2C_White_Cloud_Temple%2C_Beijing.JPG/220px-Sun_Simiao%2C_White_Cloud_Temple%2C_Beijing.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Sun_Simiao%2C_White_Cloud_Temple%2C_Beijing.JPG/330px-Sun_Simiao%2C_White_Cloud_Temple%2C_Beijing.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Sun_Simiao%2C_White_Cloud_Temple%2C_Beijing.JPG/440px-Sun_Simiao%2C_White_Cloud_Temple%2C_Beijing.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>藥王殿裏勢个孫思邈像</figcaption></figure> <p>在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上古（页面弗存在）">上古</a>辰光，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%9F%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黄河流域（页面弗存在）">黄河流域</a>个居民相信<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D" title="上帝">上帝</a>，外加發展出一套在宗法制度丄向个祭祀天地系統。不過，許歇，在乃朝所謂个<a class="mw-selflink selflink">中國</a>之內，有得交交關關種族羣自家个信仰。該辰光个代表信仰書籍是<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%98%93" title="周易">周易</a>搭<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%B5%B7%E7%BB%8F" title="山海经">山海經</a>。到<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD" title="战国">戰國</a>在末階段，儒家文人替方士開始對各種神話咾信仰進行改造，發展出<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E8%80%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黄老（页面弗存在）">黃老</a>爲基準个概念。不過，一徑到漢帝國辰光，也無系統个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%A2%E8%80%8C%E4%B8%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="形而上（页面弗存在）">形而上</a>概念，更加無覺著有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%A5%E4%B8%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="来世（页面弗存在）">來世</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AE%E5%9B%9E" title="轮回">輪迴</a>咾排个忖法。到著東漢，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛敎（页面弗存在）">佛敎</a>開始傳入，外加催生<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%9F%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="本土信仰（页面弗存在）">本土信仰</a>个興起，在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%B1%89" class="mw-redirect" title="东汉">東漢</a>末腳，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E9%81%93%E9%99%B5" title="张道陵">張道陵</a>擔交關神話捏在一淘，慢慢然形成功後首來道敎个雛形。到<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%94%E8%83%A1%E4%B9%B1%E5%8D%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="五胡乱华（页面弗存在）">五胡亂華</a>之後，各類宗敎飛速發展，在後頭四五百年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛敎（页面弗存在）">佛敎</a>搭<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="道敎（页面弗存在）">道敎</a>在社會丄向成爲著基層組織替之寒門晉升个一種通道，宗敎門派弗斷然創立，宗敎大師也接連出現。到著<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%94%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中唐（页面弗存在）">中唐</a>之後，因爲寒門个興起搭科舉普及，宗敎个地位衰落，到<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋朝</a>之後，已經喪失爻在高層个影響力，到<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明朝</a>之後，貤加衰落，搭民間信仰結合，成爲所謂个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="传统信仰（页面弗存在）">傳統信仰</a>。昰就是所謂个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E6%95%8E%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三敎合一（页面弗存在）">三敎合一</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="儒敎"><span id=".E5.84.92.E6.95.8E"></span>儒敎</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：儒敎"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋朝</a>之後，因得<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%8B%E6%9C%B1%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="程朱理学（页面弗存在）">程朱理學</a>興旺搭科舉制度普及，交關帝国个讀書儂，文化儂實際丄相信个是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="儒家思想（页面弗存在）">儒家思想</a>，該思想，因爲国家推崇，蓋咾基本有得<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国敎（页面弗存在）">國敎</a>个地位。因此，也畀一眼儂叫作<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%84%92%E6%95%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="儒敎（页面弗存在）">儒敎</a>。明清兩代个讀書儂，根據儒敎个妝法，開始推崇<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E6%98%8C%E5%B8%9D%E5%90%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文昌帝君（页面弗存在）">文昌帝君</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B3%E5%B8%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="关帝（页面弗存在）">關帝</a>咾排神明，眼神明搭<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="本地（页面弗存在）">本地</a>文化無啥搭界，多數是靠帝國打激各地<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%AB%E7%A5%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="淫祀（页面弗存在）">淫祀</a>之後，强制推廣个產物。同样性質个，還有朱元璋分封个各種<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%8E%E9%9A%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="城隍（页面弗存在）">城隍</a>。昰點民間神，搭<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%90%E8%87%B3%E5%9C%A3%E5%85%88%E5%B8%88%E6%96%87%E5%AE%A3%E7%8E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大成至圣先师文宣王（页面弗存在）">大成至聖先師文宣王</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%94%E4%B8%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孔丘（页面弗存在）">孔丘</a>个崇拜處——<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文庙（页面弗存在）">文庙</a>一淘，構成著帝國高層統治集團吹捧个信仰形式。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a>建立之後，全盤接受昰隻弄法，昰个局面也成爲著<a class="mw-selflink selflink">中國</a>个信仰代表之一，儒敎个信仰是完全讀書儂化个，因爲基本無組織力咾，對<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%9F%E6%B2%BB%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="统治集团（页面弗存在）">统治集团</a>个威胁小；同時，內容丄大量加入各種<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%A7%98%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="神秘主义">神秘主義</a>搭之<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%9A%E5%BF%A0%E6%84%9A%E5%AD%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="愚忠愚孝（页面弗存在）">愚忠愚孝</a>个糟粕，對<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%9A" title="东亚">東亞</a>海會場許全產生爻惡劣影響。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="基層敎條"><span id=".E5.9F.BA.E5.B1.A4.E6.95.8E.E6.A2.9D"></span>基層敎條</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：基層敎條"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在官方搭文人个敎條之外，大部分中國境內个地區，在明朝開始个幾百年裏，是隑在宗族體制下底个儒敎基層敎條隻排頭來維持个。昰排敎條，一般通過當地識字个文人（一般因爲科舉失敗咾無法遷居大城市或者當官），編纂一眼童謠或者打油詩，擔敎條灌輸到人心裏向。个當中，有種是針對家庭个，有種是針對女性个，不過更多是針對在私塾裏上課、將來想參加科舉考試个小青年个。在幾百年裏向，基層敎條發展慅來邪，產生著《百家姓》《千字文》《千家詩》《唐詩三百首》《弟子規》《孝女傳》《顏氏家訓》咾排書籍，昰眼書，有種弗是明朝後出現个，但真正个傳播，確實是在茲後。點敎條之外，大部分中國南方族羣全有自家个家譜。家譜記載家庭个傳承（一般確切內容弗超過宋朝），除慝告訴後代自家个來歷之外，還有一套家訓，告誡自家後代啥事体好做、啥事体弗好做。昰眼內容，替民間信仰一淘，構成著一般中國境內居民个道德取向伉判斷基礎。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="族羣"><span id=".E6.97.8F.E7.BE.A3"></span>族羣</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：族羣"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Binus_Operet_24-10-2009_Yangge.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Binus Operet 24-10-2009 Yangge.JPG" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Binus_Operet_24-10-2009_Yangge.JPG/220px-Binus_Operet_24-10-2009_Yangge.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Binus_Operet_24-10-2009_Yangge.JPG/330px-Binus_Operet_24-10-2009_Yangge.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Binus_Operet_24-10-2009_Yangge.JPG/440px-Binus_Operet_24-10-2009_Yangge.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1896" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>Binus Operet 24-10-2009 Yangge</figcaption></figure> <p>根據<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>个官方話法，<a class="mw-selflink selflink">中國</a>乃朝有五十六隻<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="民族（页面弗存在）">民族</a>，裏向比較大个民族包括: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%97%8F" title="汉族">漢族</a>，分佈在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a>統治个所有地區，在絕大部分地區全是優勢人口民族。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%83%AE%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="僮族（页面弗存在）">僮族</a>，分佈在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="广西">廣西</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="云南">雲南</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E6%97%8F" title="苗族">苗族</a>, 分佈蓋阿<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="湖南">湖南</a>搭<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="贵州">貴州</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E6%97%8F" title="回族">回族</a>，無自家語言，衹單單因得相信<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E6%95%99" title="回教">回教</a>就劃分出來个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="民族（页面弗存在）">民族</a>。主要在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%81%E5%A4%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="宁夏">宁夏</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="青海">青海</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%82%83" class="mw-redirect" title="甘肃">甘肃</a>聚居，在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%8E%E5%8C%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="华北地区（页面弗存在）">華北地區</a>也有交關勢力。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E6%97%8F" title="满族">滿族</a>，自家語言基本消失，根據老底子<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E6%97%97%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="八旗制度">八旗制度</a>劃分出來个<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="民族（页面弗存在）">民族</a>，主要在原<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BB%A1%E6%B4%B2%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="满洲地区（页面弗存在）">滿洲地區</a>搭<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="北京市">北京市</a>聚居。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F" title="藏族">藏族</a>，分佈在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E8%97%8F%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="青藏高原">青藏高原</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%90%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%97%8F" title="维吾尔族">維吾爾族</a>, 古代稱呼<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9E%E9%B9%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="回鹘（页面弗存在）">回鶻</a>，在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86" class="mw-redirect" title="新疆">新疆</a>有得分佈，講突厥語系<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%90%BE%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="维吾尔语">維吾爾語</a>。人口增长邪快，行情人參加<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="伊斯兰国">伊斯蘭國</a>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="漢族个争论"><span id=".E6.BC.A2.E6.97.8F.E4.B8.AA.E4.BA.89.E8.AE.BA"></span>漢族个争论</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：漢族个争论"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>不過，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%97%8F" title="汉族">漢族</a>个劃分，本生也是一隻相當牽強个概念。是根據<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E4%BA%BA%E5%A3%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文人士大夫（页面弗存在）">文人士大夫</a>自家對<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E7%9C%81" title="汉地十八省">漢地十八省</a>个延伸弄出來个概念。實際丄，從文化語言飲食信仰咾角度，全好相出昰隻概念內部个矛盾。在所謂<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%97%8F" title="汉族">漢族</a>內部，有然介幾隻大型族羣： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%B6%8A%E4%BA%BA" title="吴越人">吳越人</a>，分佈在長江下游个吳越地區，使用吳語，人口在7000萬朝上。因得文化繁荣咾著名。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%97%BD%E8%B6%8A%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="闽越人（页面弗存在）">閩越人</a>（包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%BA" title="闽南人">閩南人</a>)，廣泛分佈在東亞搭東南亞地區，使用閩南語、閩東語咾言話，以蛇當作圖騰。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%BA%BA" title="广府人">廣府人</a>，分佈在廣東、廣西搭東南亞地區，來在香港澳门占主導地位，使用粤語。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E5%8F%B3%E4%BA%BA" title="江右人">江右人</a>，分佈在江西省个中北部搭湖南省東部邊境个族羣，來自唐帝国辰光个中原人口南下，使用赣語。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E6%B9%98%E4%BA%BA" title="湖湘人">湖湘人</a>，分佈在湖南，少量在廣西，使用湘語，歡喜食辣椒，擔鳳凰作爲圖騰。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="客家人（页面弗存在）">客家人</a>，根據渠場自家話法，是古代中原漢人南下形成。不過在習俗搭語言丄，全替畲族邪氣類似，歷史丄搭南方別个族羣基本全有過矛盾。乃朝在廣東東部，福建西部，江西南部集中居住，在東南亞也有渠場个存在。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%B7%AE%E4%BA%BA" title="江淮人">江淮人</a>，包括淮扬人搭之淮西人。使用江淮官話，人口望3000萬，居住在淮河流域搭皖南地區，属于吳越人話个「江北人」。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中華民族个争论"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E8.8F.AF.E6.B0.91.E6.97.8F.E4.B8.AA.E4.BA.89.E8.AE.BA"></span>中華民族个争论</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：中華民族个争论"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dongxiang_minority_student.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Dongxiang_minority_student.jpg/220px-Dongxiang_minority_student.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Dongxiang_minority_student.jpg/330px-Dongxiang_minority_student.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Dongxiang_minority_student.jpg/440px-Dongxiang_minority_student.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1153" /></a><figcaption>照中華民族神話，東乡回回也是「炎黃子孫」</figcaption></figure> <p>主條目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="中华民族">中華民族</a> </p><p>所謂中華民族，是一隻梁启超發明出來貤推廣出去个概念，大致是參攷法国咾排國家个國族主義弄出來个。根據昰个講法，衹要是在清朝阿末階段仍舊來在清帝國版圖內个族羣，全好叫中華民族。種做法，暗地裏意思便是要擔還無漢化个族羣統統強制同化，構建一隻新國族。實際丄，類似个做法朱元璋老早就在明帝國許辰光做過歇。並照昰个妝法，塑造之後所謂个漢族認同。蓋咾好講中華民族是漢族隻概念个放大。1949年後，中華民族概念搭五十六隻民族一淘畀中國官方認可，形成爻古怪个矛盾性——一方面自稱是單一个「中華民族」，貤同时畀自家認可个「少數民族」交關优惠。昰也造成功一點自認是漢族个羣體感到弗開心，導致著近年皇漢等思維个傳播。 </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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