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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/GloryLife_Schlossplatz_PhilippSchmerold.jpg/220px-GloryLife_Schlossplatz_PhilippSchmerold.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="379" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/GloryLife_Schlossplatz_PhilippSchmerold.jpg/330px-GloryLife_Schlossplatz_PhilippSchmerold.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/GloryLife_Schlossplatz_PhilippSchmerold.jpg/440px-GloryLife_Schlossplatz_PhilippSchmerold.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2976" /></a><figcaption>Street preaching in Germany, 2022</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Open-air preaching</b>, <b>street preaching</b>, or <b>public preaching</b> is the act of <a href="/wiki/Evangelism" title="Evangelism">evangelizing</a> a <a href="/wiki/Religious" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious">religious</a> faith in public places. It is an ancient method of <a href="/wiki/Proselytism" title="Proselytism">proselytizing</a> a religious or social message and has been used by many cultures and religious traditions, but today it is usually associated with <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">evangelical</a> <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> Christianity. Supporters of this approach note that both <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a><sup id="cite_ref-Spurgeon,_Pg._234_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spurgeon,_Pg._234-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and many of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> prophets often preached about <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> in public places.<sup id="cite_ref-Spurgeon_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spurgeon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one of the oldest approaches to evangelism.<sup id="cite_ref-Spurgeon,_Pg._234_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spurgeon,_Pg._234-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_the_Bible">In the Bible</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-air_preaching&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: In the Bible"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg/200px-Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg/300px-Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg/400px-Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1377" data-file-height="1545" /></a><figcaption>A representative painting of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a> delivering the open-air <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></figcaption></figure> <p>One of the earliest open-air preachers of Christianity, according to the <a href="/wiki/Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="Gospels">gospels</a>, was Jesus Christ, whose first specifically recorded sermon was the <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Spurgeon,_Pg._234_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spurgeon,_Pg._234-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Spurgeon_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spurgeon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which took place on a mountainside in the open air.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%206:17–49&version=nrsv">Luke 6:17–49</a>), it was recorded that Jesus also gave an open-air sermon known as the <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Plain" title="Sermon on the Plain">Sermon on the Plain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Spurgeon_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spurgeon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Mark 16:15, street preaching is seen as a commandment from Jesus as a way to warn people about sins and their consequences. This is supported by <a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a> 58:1 and <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a> 2:2.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Jesus' death and resurrection, many of his <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">apostles</a> and followers started street preaching the gospel in the <a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Temple of Jerusalem</a> and in other open spaces.<sup id="cite_ref-Spurgeon,_Pg._234_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spurgeon,_Pg._234-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Spurgeon_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spurgeon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Christian_Apologetics_and_Research_Ministry" title="Christian Apologetics and Research Ministry">Christian Apologetics and Research Ministry</a> lists the "many examples of street preaching in the Bible" as including Noah, Solomon, Ezra, Jeremiah, Jonah, John the Baptist, Jesus Christ, Peter, Paul, Phillip and Apollos.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Middle_Ages_and_Reformation">Middle Ages and Reformation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-air_preaching&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Middle Ages and Reformation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Open-air preaching was used by <a href="/wiki/Mendicant_orders" title="Mendicant orders">mendicant orders</a> in the <a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a> to initiate a renewal of religious fervor among <a href="/wiki/Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholics">Catholics</a>, and to fight heretical movements such as <a href="/wiki/Catharism" title="Catharism">Catharism</a> in southern France. Later, during the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a>, it was often employed by <a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestants</a> throughout <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who could not always preach inside churches, which were mostly <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Open-air preaching in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> continued during the rise of <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritanism</a> and other Protestant movements.<sup id="cite_ref-Spurgeon_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spurgeon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was often used in <a href="/wiki/Pastoral" title="Pastoral">Pastoral</a> environments as well as in cities, the former sometimes due to a desire to avoid the authorities,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the latter because, for one reason, it could reach eccentric people living in cities who would not otherwise hear the gospel.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evangelical_Revivals">Evangelical Revivals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-air_preaching&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Evangelical Revivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Revival_meeting" title="Revival meeting">Revival meeting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Great_Awakening" title="Great Awakening">Great Awakening</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Camp_meeting_of_the_Methodists_in_N._America_J._Milbert_del_M._Dubourg_sculp_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Camp_meeting_of_the_Methodists_in_N._America_J._Milbert_del_M._Dubourg_sculp_%28cropped%29.jpg/280px-Camp_meeting_of_the_Methodists_in_N._America_J._Milbert_del_M._Dubourg_sculp_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Camp_meeting_of_the_Methodists_in_N._America_J._Milbert_del_M._Dubourg_sculp_%28cropped%29.jpg/420px-Camp_meeting_of_the_Methodists_in_N._America_J._Milbert_del_M._Dubourg_sculp_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Camp_meeting_of_the_Methodists_in_N._America_J._Milbert_del_M._Dubourg_sculp_%28cropped%29.jpg/560px-Camp_meeting_of_the_Methodists_in_N._America_J._Milbert_del_M._Dubourg_sculp_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4867" data-file-height="3274" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> preachers were known for promulgating the doctrines of the <a href="/wiki/Born_again#Methodism" title="Born again">new birth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Entire_sanctification" class="mw-redirect" title="Entire sanctification">entire sanctification</a> to the public at events such as <a href="/wiki/Tent_revival" title="Tent revival">tent revivals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Camp_meeting" title="Camp meeting">camp meetings</a>, which they believe is the reason that God raised them up into existence.<sup id="cite_ref-Gibson_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibson-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Early <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> preachers <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Whitefield" title="George Whitefield">George Whitefield</a> preached in the open air, which allowed them to attract crowds larger than most buildings could accommodate.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On one occasion when Wesley was forbidden to preach inside the church in his hometown, <a href="/wiki/Epworth,_Lincolnshire" title="Epworth, Lincolnshire">Epworth</a>, he used his father's tombstone in the churchyard as a <a href="/wiki/Pulpit" title="Pulpit">pulpit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whitefield stated: "I believe I never was more acceptable to my Master than when I was standing to teach those hearers in the open fields ... I now preach to ten times more people than I should, if had been confined to the churches."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The quotation near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source to ensure that it actually exists, is accurate, and is not taken out of context. (February 2021)">verify</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Open-air preachers throughout history have often noted that preaching to large crowds often causes preachers to be abused in certain ways, even having objects thrown at them such as rotting vegetables or unsanitary liquids of many varieties.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was said that one of the regular practices of American evangelist <a href="/wiki/Dwight_L._Moody" title="Dwight L. Moody">Dwight L. Moody</a> in the late 1860s "was to exhort the passersby in the evenings from the steps of the court house. Often these impromptu gatherings drew as many hecklers as supporters."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 19th century and early-to-mid 20th century many famous open-air preachers in the United States began to preach, such as <a href="/wiki/Billy_Graham" title="Billy Graham">Billy Graham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Billy_Sunday" title="Billy Sunday">Billy Sunday</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Graham in particular used a combination of open-air preaching and the recent advent of <a href="/wiki/Televangelism" title="Televangelism">televangelism</a> to broadcast his sermons, which often took place in large venues such as stadiums, to large portions of the world and millions of Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Charles_Spurgeon" title="Charles Spurgeon">Charles Spurgeon</a>, the famous open-air Baptist preacher of England, believed that open-air preaching was instrumental in getting people to hear <a href="/wiki/The_gospel" title="The gospel">the gospel</a> who might otherwise never hear it,<sup id="cite_ref-Spurgeon_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spurgeon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and today, open-air preachers such as <a href="/wiki/Ray_Comfort" title="Ray Comfort">Ray Comfort</a> believe that it reaches many more people at once than other approaches to evangelism do.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_open-air_preachers">Notable open-air preachers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-air_preaching&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notable open-air preachers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic">Historic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-air_preaching&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Historic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_John_the_Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint John the Baptist">Saint John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Saint Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_of_Assisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Francis of Assisi">Saint Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anthony_of_Padua" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Anthony of Padua">Saint Anthony of Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_Ferrer" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Vincent Ferrer">Saint Vincent Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Booth" title="William Booth">William Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._L._Moody" class="mw-redirect" title="D. L. Moody">D. L. Moody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Spurgeon" title="Charles Spurgeon">Charles Spurgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Whitefield" title="George Whitefield">George Whitefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wishart" title="George Wishart">George Wishart</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Active_in_the_21st_century">Active in the 21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-air_preaching&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Active in the 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Micah_Armstrong" title="Micah Armstrong">Micah Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jed_Smock" class="mw-redirect" title="Jed Smock">Jed Smock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Comfort" title="Ray Comfort">Ray Comfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Chambers" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Chambers">Samuel Chambers</a> (State Street Preacher)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Bonnke" title="Reinhard Bonnke">Reinhard Bonnke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Grisham" class="mw-redirect" title="David Grisham">David Grisham</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-air_preaching&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Spurgeon,_Pg._234-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Spurgeon,_Pg._234_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spurgeon,_Pg._234_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spurgeon,_Pg._234_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spurgeon,_Pg._234_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Spurgeon, p. 234</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spurgeon-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Spurgeon_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spurgeon_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spurgeon_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spurgeon_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spurgeon_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spurgeon_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.biblebelievers.com/StreetPreaching2.html">http://www.biblebelievers.com/StreetPreaching2.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070410185730/http://biblebelievers.com/StreetPreaching2.html">Archived</a> 2007-04-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "OPEN-AIR PREACHING, A SKETCH OF ITS HISTORY AND REMARKS THEREON", <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Spurgeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles H. Spurgeon">Charles H. Spurgeon</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%205%3A1&version=NIV">"Bible Gateway passage: Matthew 5:1 - New International Version"</a>. <i>Bible Gateway</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Gateway&rft.atitle=Bible+Gateway+passage%3A+Matthew+5%3A1+-+New+International+Version&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3DMatthew%25205%253A1%26version%3DNIV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpen-air+preaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://realbiblebelievers.com/beginners-discipleship-class-13c-streetpreaching-and-why-it-is-biblical/">"Beginner's Discipleship Class 13c : Why Street Preaching is Biblical"</a>. <i>Real Bible Believers</i>. 29 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Real+Bible+Believers&rft.atitle=Beginner%27s+Discipleship+Class+13c+%3A+Why+Street+Preaching+is+Biblical&rft.date=2020-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frealbiblebelievers.com%2Fbeginners-discipleship-class-13c-streetpreaching-and-why-it-is-biblical%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpen-air+preaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.conformingtojesus.com/what_is_biblical_street_evangelism.htm">"What is Biblical Street Evangelism? - Right Biblical Street Evangelism"</a>. <i>www.conformingtojesus.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.conformingtojesus.com&rft.atitle=What+is+Biblical+Street+Evangelism%3F+-+Right+Biblical+Street+Evangelism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.conformingtojesus.com%2Fwhat_is_biblical_street_evangelism.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpen-air+preaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tony Miano/Matt Slick, "Are There Examples of Street Preaching in the Bible?" <i>Christian Apologetics and Research Ministry</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.carm.org/biblical-examples-street-preaching">http://www.carm.org/biblical-examples-street-preaching</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spurgeon, p. 235</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spurgeon, p 236</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spurgeon, p. 241</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spurgeon, p. 257</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gibson-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gibson_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibson" class="citation web cs1">Gibson, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180529053529/http://ucmpage.org/sgca/wesley01.htm">"Wesleyan Heritage Series: Entire Sanctification"</a>. South Georgia Confessing Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ucmpage.org/sgca/wesley01.htm">the original</a> on 29 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wesleyan+Heritage+Series%3A+Entire+Sanctification&rft.pub=South+Georgia+Confessing+Association&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fucmpage.org%2Fsgca%2Fwesley01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpen-air+preaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20060805/news/news4.html">The first Great Awakening</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100125224635/http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20060805/news/news4.html">Archived</a> 2010-01-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Tony Cauchi, <a href="/wiki/Gleaner_Company" title="Gleaner Company">Jamaica Gleaner</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9A0DE2DA1739E433A25756C2A9619C946297D6CF">JOHN WESLEY.; G. Holden Pike's History of the Great Methodist and His Associates</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spurgeon, Pg. 250</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soulwinning.info/sp/lessons/02.htm">"A History Of Street Preaching"</a>. Soulwinning.info. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120822212036/http://www.soulwinning.info/sp/lessons/02.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-08-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-02-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+History+Of+Street+Preaching&rft.pub=Soulwinning.info&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soulwinning.info%2Fsp%2Flessons%2F02.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpen-air+preaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070215170331/http://www.christianitytoday.com/history/special/131christians/sunday.html">"Billy Sunday Salty evangelist"</a>. <i>ChristianityToday.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianitytoday.com/history/special/131christians/sunday.html">the original</a> on 2007-02-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ChristianityToday.com&rft.atitle=Billy+Sunday+Salty+evangelist&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianitytoday.com%2Fhistory%2Fspecial%2F131christians%2Fsunday.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpen-air+preaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyguy.com/biofiles/graham_billy.html">"Lee, R. "The History Guy: The Reverend Billy Graham"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070113205432/http://www.historyguy.com/biofiles/graham_billy.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2007-01-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-02-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lee%2C+R.+%22The+History+Guy%3A+The+Reverend+Billy+Graham%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyguy.com%2Fbiofiles%2Fgraham_billy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpen-air+preaching" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spurgeon, p. 255</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Evidence Bible", <a href="/wiki/Ray_Comfort" title="Ray Comfort">Ray Comfort</a>, Bridge-Logos Publishers, 2003, p. 1183</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Open-air_preaching&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Haddon_Spurgeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Haddon Spurgeon">Charles Haddon Spurgeon</a>, "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lectures_to_My_Students&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lectures to My Students (page does not exist)">Lectures to My Students</a>", Zondervan publishing house, 1977, Eighth printing, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-310-32910-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-310-32910-8">0-310-32910-8</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Evangelicalism_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Evangelicalism in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Evangelicalism_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Evangelicalism in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Evangelicalism_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Evangelicalism in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Evangelicalism_in_the_United_States109" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism_in_the_United_States" title="Evangelicalism in the United States">Evangelicalism in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Baptist" title="Independent Baptist">Independent Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary_Baptists" title="Missionary Baptists">Missionary Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venture_Church_Network" title="Venture Church Network">Conservative Baptist Association of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Will_Baptist" title="Free Will Baptist">Free Will Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Association_of_Regular_Baptist_Churches" title="General Association of Regular Baptist Churches">General Association of Regular Baptist Churches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_%E2%80%93_Missouri_Synod" title="Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod">Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod" title="Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod">Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterian family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_America" title="Presbyterian Church in America">Presbyterian Church in America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian Church USA">Presbyterian Church USA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God_USA" title="Assemblies of God USA">Assemblies of God USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_(Cleveland,_Tennessee)" title="Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)">Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_in_Christ" title="Church of God in Christ">Church of God in Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foursquare_Church" title="Foursquare Church">Foursquare Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostal_Church_of_God" title="Pentecostal Church of God">Pentecostal Church of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostal_Holiness_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal Holiness Church">Pentecostal Holiness Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostal_Assemblies_of_the_World" title="Pentecostal Assemblies of the World">Pentecostal Assemblies of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Pentecostal_Church_International" title="United Pentecostal Church International">United Pentecostal Church International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Christ" title="Churches of Christ">Churches of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_churches_and_churches_of_Christ" title="Christian churches and churches of Christ">Christian churches and churches of Christ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Congregationalism" title="Congregationalism">Congregationalist family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Congregational_Christian_Conference" title="Conservative Congregational Christian Conference">Conservative Congregational Christian Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Nazarene" title="Church of the Nazarene">Church of the Nazarene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_Church" title="Wesleyan Church">Wesleyan Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Methodist_Church" title="Free Methodist Church">Free Methodist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_(Anderson,_Indiana)" title="Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)">Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Higher_Life_movement" title="Higher Life movement">Keswickian family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_and_Missionary_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian and Missionary Alliance">Christian and Missionary Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Reformed family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Reformed_Church_in_North_America" title="Christian Reformed Church in North America">Christian Reformed Church in North America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominational family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Vineyard_Churches" title="Association of Vineyard Churches">Association of Vineyard Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvary_Chapel_Association" title="Calvary Chapel Association">Calvary Chapel Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azusa_Street_Revival" title="Azusa Street Revival">Azusa Street Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_church" title="Black church">Black church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Statement_on_Biblical_Inerrancy" title="Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy">Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalist%E2%80%93modernist_controversy" title="Fundamentalist–modernist controversy">Fundamentalist–modernist controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Awakening" title="Great Awakening">Great Awakening</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Great_Awakening" title="First Great Awakening">First Great Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Great_Awakening" title="Second Great Awakening">Second Great Awakening</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cane_Ridge_Revival" title="Cane Ridge Revival">Cane Ridge Revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Great_Awakening" title="Third Great Awakening">Third Great Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Great_Awakening" title="Fourth Great Awakening">Fourth Great Awakening</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healing_revival" title="Healing revival">Healing revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Crusade_(1949)" title="Los Angeles Crusade (1949)">Los Angeles Crusade (1949)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revival_of_1800" title="Revival of 1800">Revival of 1800</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Thought</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_by_fire" title="Baptism by fire">Baptism by fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_with_the_Holy_Spirit" title="Baptism with the Holy Spirit">Baptism with the Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Believers%27_Church" title="Believers' Church">Believers' Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_literalism" title="Biblical literalism">Biblical literalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_inerrancy" title="Biblical inerrancy">Biblical inerrancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_patriarchy" title="Biblical patriarchy">Biblical patriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_womanhood" title="Biblical womanhood">Biblical womanhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">Born again</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_abortion" title="Christianity and abortion">Christianity and abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Zionism" title="Christian Zionism">Christian Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decision_theology" title="Decision theology">Decision theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_theology" title="Evangelical theology">Evangelical theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_Gospel" title="Full Gospel">Full Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_theology" title="Kingdom theology">Kingdom theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiverfull" title="Quiverfull">Quiverfull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_work_of_grace" title="Second work of grace">Second work of grace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altar_call" title="Altar call">Altar call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_preacher" title="Child preacher">Child preacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_worship" title="Contemporary worship">Contemporary worship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_worship_music" title="Contemporary worship music">Contemporary worship music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mourner%27s_bench" title="Mourner's bench">Mourner's bench</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Open-air preaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_warrior" title="Prayer warrior">Prayer warrior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revival_meeting" title="Revival meeting">Revival meeting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camp_meeting" title="Camp meeting">Camp meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tent_revival" title="Tent revival">Tent revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinner%27s_prayer" title="Sinner's prayer">Sinner's prayer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_church" title="Bible church">Bible church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megachurch" title="Megachurch">Megachurch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televangelism" title="Televangelism">Televangelism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic-Prophetic_Movement" title="Apostolic-Prophetic Movement">Apostolic-Prophetic Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bapticostal_movement" title="Bapticostal movement">Bapticostal movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">Christian fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_left" title="Evangelical left">Evangelical left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exvangelical" title="Exvangelical">Exvangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_movement" title="Jesus movement">Jesus movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-evangelicalism" title="Post-evangelicalism">Post-evangelicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Apostolic_Reformation" title="New Apostolic Reformation">New Apostolic Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-charismatic_movement" title="Neo-charismatic movement">Neo-charismatic movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-Letter_Christians" title="Red-Letter Christians">Red-Letter Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Mountain_Mandate" title="Seven Mountain Mandate">Seven Mountain Mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformational_Christianity" title="Transformational Christianity">Transformational Christianity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_Today" title="Christianity Today">Christianity Today International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_on_Biblical_Manhood_and_Womanhood" title="Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood">Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Climate_Initiative" title="Evangelical Climate Initiative">Evangelical Climate Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_and_Ecumenical_Women%27s_Caucus" title="Evangelical and Ecumenical Women's Caucus">Evangelical and Ecumenical Women's Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuller_Theological_Seminary" title="Fuller Theological Seminary">Fuller Theological Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moody_Bible_Institute" title="Moody Bible Institute">Moody Bible Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Evangelicals" title="National Association of Evangelicals">National Association of Evangelicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Religious_Broadcasters" title="National Religious Broadcasters">National Religious Broadcasters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promise_Keepers" title="Promise Keepers">Promise Keepers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Vision_United_States" title="World Vision United States">World Vision United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_for_Christ" title="Youth for Christ">Youth for Christ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimee_Semple_McPherson" title="Aimee Semple McPherson">Aimee Semple McPherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Graham" title="Billy Graham">Billy Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Sunday" title="Billy Sunday">Billy Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._I._Scofield" title="C. I. Scofield">C. I. Scofield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grandison_Finney" title="Charles Grandison Finney">Charles Grandison Finney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_L._Moody" title="Dwight L. Moody">Dwight L. 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