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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Checkmate_possibilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Checkmate_possibilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Checkmate possibilities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Checkmate_possibilities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Checkmate possibilities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Checkmate_possibilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Two_knights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Two_knights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Two knights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Two_knights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_the_corner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_corner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>In the corner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_corner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-On_the_edge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#On_the_edge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>On the edge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-On_the_edge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples_from_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples_from_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Examples from games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples_from_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Three_knights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Three_knights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Three knights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Three_knights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Two_knights_versus_a_pawn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Two_knights_versus_a_pawn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Two knights versus a pawn</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Two_knights_versus_a_pawn-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Two knights versus a pawn subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Two_knights_versus_a_pawn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Troitsky_line" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Troitsky_line"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Troitsky line</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Troitsky_line-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pawn_beyond_the_Troitsky_line" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pawn_beyond_the_Troitsky_line"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Pawn beyond the Troitsky line</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pawn_beyond_the_Troitsky_line-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Topalov_versus_Karpov" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topalov_versus_Karpov"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Topalov versus Karpov</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topalov_versus_Karpov-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wang_versus_Anand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wang_versus_Anand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Wang versus Anand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wang_versus_Anand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-More_pawns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#More_pawns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>More pawns</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-More_pawns-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle More pawns subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-More_pawns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Example_from_game" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Example_from_game"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Example from game</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Example_from_game-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Position_of_mutual_zugzwang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Position_of_mutual_zugzwang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Position of mutual zugzwang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Position_of_mutual_zugzwang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Checkmate_in_problems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Checkmate_in_problems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Checkmate in problems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Checkmate_in_problems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chess endgame</div> <table align="right"> <tbody><tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chess_kll45.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Chess_kll45.svg/45px-Chess_kll45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Chess_kll45.svg/68px-Chess_kll45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Chess_kll45.svg/90px-Chess_kll45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chess_nll45.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Chess_nll45.svg/45px-Chess_nll45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Chess_nll45.svg/68px-Chess_nll45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Chess_nll45.svg/90px-Chess_nll45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chess_nll45.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Chess_nll45.svg/45px-Chess_nll45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Chess_nll45.svg/68px-Chess_nll45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Chess_nll45.svg/90px-Chess_nll45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chess_kdl45.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Chess_kdl45.svg/45px-Chess_kdl45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Chess_kdl45.svg/68px-Chess_kdl45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Chess_kdl45.svg/90px-Chess_kdl45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>two knights endgame</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Chess_endgame" title="Chess endgame">chess endgame</a> with a <a href="/wiki/King_(chess)" title="King (chess)">king</a> and two <a href="/wiki/Knight_(chess)" title="Knight (chess)">knights</a> versus a king. In contrast to a king and two <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(chess)" title="Bishop (chess)">bishops</a> (on opposite-colored squares), or a <a href="/wiki/Bishop_and_knight_checkmate" title="Bishop and knight checkmate">bishop and a knight</a>, a king and two knights cannot <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#forced_mate" title="Glossary of chess"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of chess § forced mate" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">force</span></a></dfn> <a href="/wiki/Checkmate" title="Checkmate">checkmate</a> against a lone king (however, the superior side can force <a href="/wiki/Stalemate" title="Stalemate">stalemate</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Although there are checkmate positions, a king and two knights cannot <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#forced_mate" title="Glossary of chess"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of chess § forced mate" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">force</span></a></dfn> them against proper, relatively easy defense.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:254px"> </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:246px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/208px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/312px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/416px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:130px;left:26px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b3 white king"><img alt="b3 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/26px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/39px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/52px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:156px;left:52px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c2 white knight"><img alt="c2 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/26px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/39px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/52px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:156px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d2 white knight"><img alt="d2 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/26px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/39px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/52px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:182px;left:0px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a1 black king"><img alt="a1 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/26px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/39px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/52px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> Checkmate position, but it cannot be forced from the position with the c2 knight relocated to e2.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The knight on d2 could be on <i>c3</i> or <i>a3</i> instead, and the white king could be on <i>a3</i> instead. </div></div></div> <p>Paradoxically, although the king and two knights cannot <dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#forced_mate" title="Glossary of chess"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of chess § forced mate" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">force</span></a></dfn> checkmate of the lone king, there are positions in which the king and two knights can force checkmate against a king and some additional material.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The extra material of the defending side provides moves that prevent the defending king from being stalemated<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>or, less commonly, the extra material obstructs the defending king from escaping check. The winning chances with two knights are insignificant except against a few pawns.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These positions were studied extensively by <a href="/wiki/A._A._Troitsky" class="mw-redirect" title="A. A. Troitsky">A. A. Troitsky</a>, who discovered the Troitsky line, a line on or behind which the defending side's pawn must be securely blockaded for the attacking side to win. </p><p>If the side with the knights carelessly captures the other side's extra material, the game devolves to the basic two knights endgame, and the opportunity to force checkmate may be lost. When the defender has a single pawn, the technique (when it is possible) is to block the pawn with one knight, and use the king and the other knight to force the opposing king into a corner or nearby the blocking knight. Then, when the block on the pawn is removed, the knight that was used to block the pawn can be used to checkmate.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141322084">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tocleft{width:100%!important}}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tocleft{float:left;clear:left;width:auto;margin:0 1em 0.5em 0}body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .tocleft{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .tocleft-clear-both{clear:both}.mw-parser-output .tocleft-clear-none{clear:none}}</style><div class="tocleft" style=""><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1097430093">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .algebraic-notation-toc{float:left}}</style><div role="note" class="side-box metadata side-box-left algebraic-notation algebraic-notation-toc"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This article uses <a href="/wiki/Algebraic_notation_(chess)" title="Algebraic notation (chess)">algebraic notation</a> to describe chess moves.</div></div> </div><div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Checkmate_possibilities">Checkmate possibilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_knights_endgame&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Checkmate possibilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table align="right"> <tbody><tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chess_kll45.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Chess_kll45.svg/45px-Chess_kll45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Chess_kll45.svg/68px-Chess_kll45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Chess_kll45.svg/90px-Chess_kll45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chess_nll45.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Chess_nll45.svg/45px-Chess_nll45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Chess_nll45.svg/68px-Chess_nll45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Chess_nll45.svg/90px-Chess_nll45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chess_nll45.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Chess_nll45.svg/45px-Chess_nll45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Chess_nll45.svg/68px-Chess_nll45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Chess_nll45.svg/90px-Chess_nll45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chess_kdl45.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Chess_kdl45.svg/45px-Chess_kdl45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Chess_kdl45.svg/68px-Chess_kdl45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Chess_kdl45.svg/90px-Chess_kdl45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In general, two knights cannot force checkmate, but they can force stalemate. Three knights can force checkmate,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even if the defending king also has a knight<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or a bishop.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Edmar_Mednis" title="Edmar Mednis">Edmar Mednis</a> stated that this inability to force checkmate is "one of the great injustices of chess."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike some other theoretically <a href="/wiki/Draw_(chess)" title="Draw (chess)">drawn</a> endgames, such as a <a href="/wiki/Rook_and_bishop_versus_rook_endgame" title="Rook and bishop versus rook endgame">rook and bishop versus rook</a>, the defender has an easy task in all endings with two knights versus a lone king. Players simply have to avoid moving into a position in which the king can be checkmated on the next move, and there is always another move available in such situations.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Two_knights">Two knights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_knights_endgame&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Two knights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_the_corner">In the corner</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_knights_endgame&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In the corner"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:222px"> Keres, diagram 7 </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:214px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/176px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="176" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/264px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/352px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:154px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h8 black king"><img alt="h8 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/22px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/33px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/44px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:44px;left:88px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e6 white knight"><img alt="e6 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/22px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/33px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/44px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:44px;left:132px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g6 white king"><img alt="g6 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/22px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/33px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/44px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:66px;left:110px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f5 white knight"><img alt="f5 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/22px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/33px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/44px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> Two knights cannot force checkmate. </div></div></div> <p>The player with the lone king has to make a <a href="/wiki/Blunder_(chess)" title="Blunder (chess)">blunder</a> to be checkmated. In this position, 1.Ne7 or 1.Nh6 immediately <a href="/wiki/Stalemate" title="Stalemate">stalemates</a> Black. White can try instead: </p> <dl><dd><b>1. Nf8 Kg8</b></dd> <dd><b>2. Nd7 Kh8</b></dd> <dd><b>3. Nd6 Kg8</b></dd> <dd><b>4. Nf6+</b></dd></dl> <p>and now if Black moves 4...Kh8?? then 5.Nf7# is checkmate, but if Black moves </p> <dl><dd><b>4... Kf8!</b></dd></dl> <p>then White has made no progress.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:254px"> Berger </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:246px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/208px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/312px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/416px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:156px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g8 black king"><img alt="g8 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/26px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/39px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/52px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:52px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d6 white knight"><img alt="d6 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/26px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/39px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/52px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:52px;left:104px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e6 white knight"><img alt="e6 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/26px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/39px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/52px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:52px;left:156px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g6 white king"><img alt="g6 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/26px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/39px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/52px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> Draw with either side to move </div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Johann_Berger" title="Johann Berger">Johann Berger</a> gave this position, a draw with either side to move. With White to move: </p> <dl><dd><b>1. Nf5 Kh8</b></dd> <dd><b>2. Ng5 Kg8</b></dd> <dd><b>3. Ne7+ Kf8!</b> (Black just avoids 3...Kh8? which leads to a checkmate on the next move with 4.Nf7#)</dd> <dd><b>4. Kf6 Ke8</b></dd></dl> <p>and White has made no progress. With Black to move: </p> <dl><dd><b>1... Kh8</b></dd> <dd><b>2. Nf7+ Kg8</b></dd> <dd><b>3. Nh6+ Kh8</b></dd> <dd><b>4. Ng5</b></dd></dl> <p>gives stalemate.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="On_the_edge">On the edge</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_knights_endgame&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: On the edge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:222px"> </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:214px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/176px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="176" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/264px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/352px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:44px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c8 black king"><img alt="c8 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/22px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/33px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/44px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:110px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f8 white king"><img alt="f8 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/22px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/33px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/44px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:88px;left:44px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c4 white knight"><img alt="c4 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/22px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/33px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/44px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:88px;left:66px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d4 white knight"><img alt="d4 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/22px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/33px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/44px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> White can also try for a mate on the edge of the board </div></div></div> <p>There are also checkmate positions with the inferior side's king on the edge of the board (instead of the corner), but again they cannot be forced.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the position at right, White can try <b>1. Nb6+</b>, hoping for 1...Kd8?? 2.Ne6#. Black can easily avoid this with, for example, <b>1... Kc7</b>. This possible checkmate is the basis of some problems (see below). </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Examples_from_games">Examples from games</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_knights_endgame&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Examples from games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:222px"> Benko vs. Bronstein, 1949 </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:214px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/176px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="176" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/264px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/352px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:88px;left:132px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g4 white knight"><img alt="g4 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/22px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/33px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/44px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:110px;left:132px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g3 black knight"><img alt="g3 black knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/22px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/33px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/44px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:132px;left:66px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d2 white king"><img alt="d2 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/22px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/33px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/44px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:132px;left:110px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f2 black pawn"><img alt="f2 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/22px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/33px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/44px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:132px;left:132px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g2 black king"><img alt="g2 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/22px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/33px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/44px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <p>In this position from a 1949 game<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> between <a href="/wiki/Pal_Benko" title="Pal Benko">Pal Benko</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Bronstein" title="David Bronstein">David Bronstein</a>, Black <a href="/wiki/Promotion_(chess)" title="Promotion (chess)">underpromoted</a> to a knight. Black did not <a href="/wiki/Promotion_(chess)" title="Promotion (chess)">promote</a> to a queen or any other piece because White could <a href="/wiki/Fork_(chess)" title="Fork (chess)">fork</a> Black's king and his newly promoted piece (e.g. 104...f1=Q 105.Ne3+) immediately after the promotion. </p> <dl><dd><b>104...f1=N+</b></dd> <dd><b>105. Kc3 Kf3</b>.</dd></dl> <p>White made the humorous move </p> <dl><dd><b>106. Nh2+</b></dd></dl> <p>forking Black's king and knight, but <a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_(chess)" title="Sacrifice (chess)">sacrificing</a> the knight. Black responded </p> <dl><dd><b>106... Nxh2</b></dd></dl> <p>and a <a href="/wiki/Draw_by_agreement" title="Draw by agreement">draw was agreed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (A draw by <a href="/wiki/Threefold_repetition" title="Threefold repetition">threefold repetition</a> could have been claimed on move 78 and at other times.) </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:222px"> Karpov vs. Korchnoi, 1981 </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:214px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/176px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="176" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/264px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/352px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:44px;left:44px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c6 black king"><img alt="c6 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/22px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/33px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/44px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:44px;left:110px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f6 white knight"><img alt="f6 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/22px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/33px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/44px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:44px;left:132px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g6 black knight"><img alt="g6 black knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/22px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/33px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/44px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:44px;left:154px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h6 white pawn"><img alt="h6 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/22px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/33px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/44px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:66px;left:110px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f5 white knight"><img alt="f5 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/22px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/33px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/44px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:66px;left:132px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g5 black knight"><img alt="g5 black knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/22px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/33px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/44px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:88px;left:66px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d4 white king"><img alt="d4 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/22px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/33px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/44px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> Position after 80. Nf5 </div></div></div> <p>Another example is the eighth game of the 1981 <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1981" title="World Chess Championship 1981">World Chess Championship</a> match between <a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Karpov" title="Anatoly Karpov">Anatoly Karpov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Korchnoi" title="Viktor Korchnoi">Viktor Korchnoi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Black forces a draw by </p> <dl><dd><b>80... Nf7!</b></dd> <dd><b>81. h7 Ng5!</b></dd> <dd><b>82. Ne7+ Kb7</b></dd> <dd><b>83. Nxg6 Nxh7</b></dd> <dd><b>84. Nxh7 draw</b><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Three_knights">Three knights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_knights_endgame&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Three knights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three knights and a king can force checkmate against a lone king within twenty moves (unless the defending king can win one of the knights).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, a complete computational <a href="/wiki/Retrograde_analysis" title="Retrograde analysis">retrograde analysis</a> revealed that they can force checkmate only on the edge of the board.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Two_knights_versus_a_pawn">Two knights versus a pawn <span class="anchor" id="Two_knights_versus_pawn"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_knights_endgame&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Two knights versus a pawn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table align="right"> <tbody><tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chess_kll45.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Chess_kll45.svg/45px-Chess_kll45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Chess_kll45.svg/68px-Chess_kll45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Chess_kll45.svg/90px-Chess_kll45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chess_nll45.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Chess_nll45.svg/45px-Chess_nll45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Chess_nll45.svg/68px-Chess_nll45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Chess_nll45.svg/90px-Chess_nll45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chess_nll45.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Chess_nll45.svg/45px-Chess_nll45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Chess_nll45.svg/68px-Chess_nll45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Chess_nll45.svg/90px-Chess_nll45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chess_kdl45.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Chess_kdl45.svg/45px-Chess_kdl45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Chess_kdl45.svg/68px-Chess_kdl45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Chess_kdl45.svg/90px-Chess_kdl45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chess_pdl45.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Chess_pdl45.svg/45px-Chess_pdl45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Chess_pdl45.svg/68px-Chess_pdl45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Chess_pdl45.svg/90px-Chess_pdl45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In some positions with two knights versus a pawn, the knights can force checkmate by gaining a <a href="/wiki/Tempo_(chess)" title="Tempo (chess)">tempo</a> when the pawn has to move, or having the pawn obstruct its king from escaping check. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Troitsky_line">Troitsky line<span class="anchor" id="Troitzky_line"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_knights_endgame&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Troitsky line"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb noviewer tleft"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:254px"> The Troitsky line </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:246px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/208px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/312px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/416px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:52px;left:26px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b6 black circle"><img alt="b6 black circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/26px-Chess_xot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/39px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/52px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:52px;left:156px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g6 black circle"><img alt="g6 black circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/26px-Chess_xot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/39px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/52px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:78px;left:52px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c5 black circle"><img alt="c5 black circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/26px-Chess_xot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/39px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/52px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:78px;left:130px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f5 black circle"><img alt="f5 black circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/26px-Chess_xot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/39px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/52px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:104px;left:0px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a4 black circle"><img alt="a4 black circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/26px-Chess_xot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/39px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/52px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:104px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d4 black circle"><img alt="d4 black circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/26px-Chess_xot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/39px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/52px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:104px;left:104px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e4 black circle"><img alt="e4 black circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/26px-Chess_xot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/39px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/52px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:104px;left:182px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h4 black circle"><img alt="h4 black circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/26px-Chess_xot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/39px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/52px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> Troitsky line positions when White has the two knights and Black the pawn </div></div></div> <div class="thumb noviewer tleft"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:254px"> </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:246px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/208px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/312px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/416px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:26px;left:0px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a7 black circle"><img alt="a7 black circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/26px-Chess_xot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/39px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/52px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:26px;left:26px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b7 black circle"><img alt="b7 black circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/26px-Chess_xot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/39px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/52px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:26px;left:52px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c7 black circle"><img alt="c7 black circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/26px-Chess_xot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/39px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/52px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:26px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d7 black circle"><img alt="d7 black circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/26px-Chess_xot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/39px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/52px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:26px;left:104px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e7 black circle"><img alt="e7 black circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/26px-Chess_xot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/39px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/52px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:26px;left:130px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f7 black circle"><img alt="f7 black circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/26px-Chess_xot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" 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class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f6 black circle"><img alt="f6 black circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/26px-Chess_xot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/39px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/52px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:52px;left:156px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g6 black circle"><img alt="g6 black circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/26px-Chess_xot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" 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class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a4 black circle"><img alt="a4 black circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/26px-Chess_xot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/39px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/52px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:104px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d4 black circle"><img alt="d4 black circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/26px-Chess_xot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/39px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/52px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:104px;left:104px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e4 black circle"><img alt="e4 black circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/26px-Chess_xot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/39px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/52px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:104px;left:182px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h4 black circle"><img alt="h4 black circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/26px-Chess_xot45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/39px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Chess_xot45.svg/52px-Chess_xot45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> All possible positions given by Troitsky line for the black pawn</div></div></div> <div class="thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:222px"> Müller and Lamprecht 2001 </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:214px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/176px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="176" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/264px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/352px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:44px;left:132px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g6 black pawn"><img alt="g6 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/22px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/33px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/44px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:66px;left:132px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g5 white knight"><img alt="g5 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/22px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/33px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/44px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:110px;left:154px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h3 white knight"><img alt="h3 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/22px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/33px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/44px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> White wins no matter where the kings are.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></div></div> <div class="thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:222px"> Kling & Horwitz 1851. </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:214px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/176px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="176" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/264px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/352px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:110px;left:132px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g3 white king"><img alt="g3 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/22px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/33px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/44px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:132px;left:66px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d2 white knight"><img alt="d2 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/22px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/33px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/44px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:132px;left:110px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f2 black pawn"><img alt="f2 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/22px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/33px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/44px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:154px;left:110px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f1 white knight"><img alt="f1 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/22px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/33px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/44px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:154px;left:154px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h1 black king"><img alt="h1 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/22px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/33px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/44px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> White to play and win. <p>1. Kh4 Kg2 2. Kg4 Kg1 3. Kh3 Kh1 4. Ng3+ Kg1 5. Nf3# </p><p>The pawn does not move; it assists mate by blocking the king's escape. </p> </div></div></div> <p>Even though two knights cannot force <a href="/wiki/Checkmate" title="Checkmate">checkmate</a> (with the help of their <a href="/wiki/King_(chess)" title="King (chess)">king</a>) against a lone king (with the exception of positions where White wins in one move), decreasing the material advantage and allowing the defending king to have a pawn can actually allow for a forced checkmate. The reason that checkmate can be forced is that the pawn gives the defender a piece to move and deprives him of a stalemate defense.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another reason is that the pawn can block its own king's path without necessarily moving (e.g. Kling & Horwitz position right). </p><p>The Troitsky line (or Troitsky position) is a key motif in <a href="/wiki/Chess_endgame" title="Chess endgame">chess endgame</a> theory in the rare but theoretically interesting ending of two <a href="/wiki/Knight_(chess)" title="Knight (chess)">knights</a> versus a <a href="/wiki/Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">pawn</a>. </p><p>The line, assuming White has the two knights and Black the pawn, is shown left. </p><p>The Russian theoretician <a href="/wiki/A._A._Troitsky" class="mw-redirect" title="A. A. Troitsky">Troitsky</a> made a detailed study of this endgame and discovered the following rule: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>If the pawn is securely blockaded by a white knight no further down than the line, then Black loses, no matter where the kings are.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Karsten Müller and Frank Lamprecht, Fundamental Chess Endings 2001</cite></div></blockquote> <p>An example of the application of this rule is given in the diagram Müller and Lamprecht right; "... the position would be lost no matter where the kings are."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the checkmate procedure is difficult and long. In fact, it can require up to 115 moves by White (assuming perfect play),<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so in competition a <a href="/wiki/Draw_(chess)" title="Draw (chess)">draw</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Fifty-move_rule" title="Fifty-move rule">fifty-move rule</a> will occur first. </p><p>Troitsky showed that "on any placement of the black king, White undoubtedly wins only against black pawns standing on [the Troitsky line] and above".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Nunn" title="John Nunn">John Nunn</a> analyzed the endgame of two knights versus a pawn with an <a href="/wiki/Endgame_tablebase" title="Endgame tablebase">endgame tablebase</a> and stated that "the analysis of Troitsky and others is astonishingly accurate".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He undertook this checking after the very ending occurred in a critical variation of his post mortem analysis of a game he lost to Korchnoi in the 1980 Phillips and Drew Tournament in London. Neither player knew whether the position was a win for the player with the knights (Korchnoi). </p><p>Even when the position is a theoretical win, it is very complicated and difficult to play correctly. Even <a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_(chess)" title="Grandmaster (chess)">grandmasters</a> fail to win it. <a href="/wiki/Andor_Lilienthal" title="Andor Lilienthal">Andor Lilienthal</a> failed to win it twice in a six-year period, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1090836">Norman vs. Lilienthal</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1090903">Smyslov vs. Lilienthal</a>. But a fine win is in a game by <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Seitz" title="Adolf Seitz">Seitz</a>, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1151993">Znosko-Borovsky vs. Seitz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Examples">Examples</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_knights_endgame&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:222px"> </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:214px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/176px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="176" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/264px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/352px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:22px;left:110px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f7 white king"><img alt="f7 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/22px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/33px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/44px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:22px;left:154px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h7 black king"><img alt="h7 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/22px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/33px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/44px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:66px;left:110px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f5 white knight"><img alt="f5 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/22px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/33px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/44px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:110px;left:66px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d3 black pawn"><img alt="d3 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/22px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/33px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/44px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:132px;left:66px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d2 white knight"><img alt="d2 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/22px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/33px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/44px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> White to move wins. </div></div></div> <p>This diagram shows an example of how having the pawn makes things worse for Black (here Black's pawn is past the Troitsky line), by making Black have a move available instead of being stalemated. </p> <dl><dd><b>1. Ne4 d2</b></dd> <dd><b>2. Nf6+ Kh8</b></dd> <dd><b>3. Ne7</b> (if Black did not have the pawn at this point, the game would be a draw because of stalemate)</dd> <dd><b>3... d1=Q</b></dd> <dd><b>4. Ng6#</b></dd></dl> <p>If Black did not have the pawn move available, White could not force checkmate. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:222px"> </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:214px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/176px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="176" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/264px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/352px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:22px;left:0px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a7 black king"><img alt="a7 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/22px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/33px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/44px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:66px;left:88px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e5 white king"><img alt="e5 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/22px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/33px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/44px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:66px;left:110px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f5 black knight"><img alt="f5 black knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/22px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/33px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/44px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:110px;left:0px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a3 white pawn"><img alt="a3 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/22px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/33px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/44px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:154px;left:22px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b1 black knight"><img alt="b1 black knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/22px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/33px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/44px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> Black to move wins in 115 moves. </div></div></div> <p>The longest wins require 115 moves; this is one example starting with <b>1... Ne7</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:222px"> </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:214px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/176px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="176" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/264px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/352px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:22px;left:154px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h7 black knight"><img alt="h7 black knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/22px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/33px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/44px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:66px;left:88px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e5 white pawn"><img alt="e5 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/22px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/33px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/44px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:110px;left:154px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h3 white king"><img alt="h3 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/22px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/33px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/44px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:132px;left:154px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h2 black knight"><img alt="h2 black knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/22px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/33px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/44px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:154px;left:154px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h1 black king"><img alt="h1 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/22px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/33px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/44px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> Black to move wins in 86 moves. </div></div></div> <p>This position is winnable, but the white pawn can be allowed to move only after 84 moves, making the win impossible under the <a href="/wiki/Fifty-move_rule" title="Fifty-move rule">fifty-move rule</a>. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pawn_beyond_the_Troitsky_line">Pawn beyond the Troitsky line</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_knights_endgame&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pawn beyond the Troitsky line"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:222px"> Chéron, 1955 </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:214px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/176px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="176" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/264px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/352px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:88px;left:44px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c4 white knight"><img alt="c4 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/22px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/33px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/44px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:110px;left:132px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g3 black pawn"><img alt="g3 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/22px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/33px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/44px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:132px;left:0px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a2 black king"><img alt="a2 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/22px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/33px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/44px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:132px;left:44px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c2 white king"><img alt="c2 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/22px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/33px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/44px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:132px;left:132px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g2 white knight"><img alt="g2 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/22px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/33px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/44px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> White wins with either side to move. </div></div></div> <p>In this study by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Ch%C3%A9ron" title="André Chéron">André Chéron</a>, White wins even though the pawn is well beyond the Troitsky line.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Black to move is quicker. With White to move, he must maneuver to <a href="/wiki/Triangulation_(chess)" title="Triangulation (chess)">give the move to Black</a>, as follows. 1.Kc3 Kb1 2.Kd2 Ka1 3.Kc1 Ka2 4.Kc2 (White then maneuvers to get the same position with vertical instead of horizontal opposition) 4...Ka1 5.Kb3 Kb1 6.Nb2 Kc1 7.Kc3 Kb1 8.Nd3 Ka1 9.Kc4 Ka2 10.Kb4 Ka1 11.Ka3 Kb1 12.Kb3 (Now White has enough time to bring the blockading N in to generate a mating net in time) 12...Ka1 13.Ne3 g2 14.Nc2+ Kb1 15.Na3+ Ka1 16.Nb4 g1=Q 17.Nbc2# </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:222px"> Averbakh & Chekhover, position #251 </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:214px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/176px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="176" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/264px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/352px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:0px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a8 black cross"><img alt="a8 black cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/22px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/33px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/44px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:22px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b8 black cross"><img alt="b8 black cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/22px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/33px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/44px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:44px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c8 black cross"><img alt="c8 black cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/22px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/33px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/44px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:66px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d8 black cross"><img alt="d8 black cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/22px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/33px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/22px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/33px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/44px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:22px;left:44px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c7 black cross"><img alt="c7 black cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/22px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/33px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/44px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:22px;left:66px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d7 black cross"><img alt="d7 black cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/22px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/33px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/44px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:22px;left:88px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e7 black cross"><img alt="e7 black cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/22px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png" 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style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:44px;left:22px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b6 black cross"><img alt="b6 black cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/22px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/33px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/44px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:44px;left:44px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c6 black cross"><img alt="c6 black cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/22px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/33px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/44px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:44px;left:66px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d6 white knight"><img alt="d6 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/22px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/33px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/44px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:44px;left:88px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e6 black cross"><img alt="e6 black cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/22px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/33px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/44px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:44px;left:110px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f6 black cross"><img alt="f6 black cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/22px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/33px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/44px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:44px;left:132px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g6 black king"><img alt="g6 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/22px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/33px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/44px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:66px;left:22px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b5 black cross"><img alt="b5 black cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/22px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/33px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/44px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:66px;left:44px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c5 black cross"><img alt="c5 black cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/22px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/33px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/44px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:66px;left:66px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d5 black cross"><img alt="d5 black cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/22px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/33px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/44px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:66px;left:88px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e5 white king"><img alt="e5 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/22px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/33px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/44px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:66px;left:110px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f5 black cross"><img alt="f5 black cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/22px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/33px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/44px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:88px;left:44px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c4 black cross"><img alt="c4 black cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/22px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/33px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/44px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:88px;left:66px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d4 black cross"><img alt="d4 black cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/22px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/33px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/44px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:88px;left:88px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e4 black cross"><img alt="e4 black cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/22px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/33px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/44px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:88px;left:110px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f4 black cross"><img alt="f4 black cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/22px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/33px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Chess_xxt45.svg/44px-Chess_xxt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:110px;left:154px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h3 black pawn"><img alt="h3 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/22px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/33px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/44px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:132px;left:154px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h2 white knight"><img alt="h2 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/22px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/33px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/44px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> Drawing area marked with "×" <p>White to play draws. Black to play loses.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div></div></div> <p>In the situation with Black's rook pawn blockaded on h3, if the black king can enter and remain in the area marked with crosses in the adjacent diagram, the game is a draw. Otherwise, White can force the black king into one of the corners not located in the drawing zone and deliver checkmate. Black cannot be checkmated in the a8-corner because the knight on h2 is too far away to help deliver mate: Black draws by pushing the pawn as soon as White moves the knight on h2. White to play in the diagram can try to prevent Black to enter the drawing zone with <b>1.Ke6</b>, but Black then plays <b>1...Kg5</b> aiming to attack the knight on h2. White is compelled to stop this with <b>2.Ke5</b> which allows Black to return to the initial position with <b>2...Kg6</b>, and White has made no progress.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Topalov_versus_Karpov">Topalov versus Karpov</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_knights_endgame&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Topalov versus Karpov"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:222px"> Topalov vs. Karpov, 2000 </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:214px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/176px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="176" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/264px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/352px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:88px;left:132px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g4 black pawn"><img alt="g4 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/22px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/33px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/44px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:110px;left:22px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b3 white king"><img alt="b3 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/22px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/33px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/44px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:110px;left:66px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d3 white knight"><img alt="d3 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/22px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/33px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/44px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:132px;left:88px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e2 white knight"><img alt="e2 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/22px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/33px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/44px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:154px;left:22px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b1 black king"><img alt="b1 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/22px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/33px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/44px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> White won after 74. Ne2, even though the pawn was past the Troitsky line. </div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Karpov" title="Anatoly Karpov">Anatoly Karpov</a> lost an endgame with a pawn versus two knights to <a href="/wiki/Veselin_Topalov" title="Veselin Topalov">Veselin Topalov</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although he had a theoretical draw with a pawn past the Troitsky line; because of its rarity, Karpov seemed not to know the theory of drawing and headed for the wrong corner. (Depending on the position of the pawn, checkmate can be forced only in certain corners.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) In this "rapid play" <a href="/wiki/Time_control" title="Time control">time control</a>, the position in the game was initially a draw, but Karpov made a bad move which resulted in a lost position. Topalov later made a bad move, making the position a draw, but Karpov made another bad move, resulting in a lost position again.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wang_versus_Anand">Wang versus Anand</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_knights_endgame&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Wang versus Anand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:222px"> Wang vs. Anand, 2009 </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:214px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/176px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="176" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/264px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/352px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:44px;left:44px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c6 black king"><img alt="c6 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/22px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/33px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/44px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:66px;left:0px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a5 white king"><img alt="a5 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/22px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/33px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/44px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:110px;left:44px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c3 white pawn"><img alt="c3 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/22px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/33px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/44px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:110px;left:110px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f3 black knight"><img alt="f3 black knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/22px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/33px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/44px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:110px;left:132px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g3 black knight"><img alt="g3 black knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/22px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/33px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/44px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> Position after 61. Kxa5 </div></div></div> <p>This position from a <a href="/wiki/Blindfold_chess" title="Blindfold chess">blindfold</a> game between <a href="/wiki/Wang_Yue_(chess_player)" title="Wang Yue (chess player)">Wang Yue</a> and <a href="/wiki/Viswanathan_Anand" title="Viswanathan Anand">Viswanathan Anand</a> leads to an example with a forced win even though the pawn is past the Troitsky line.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The game continued </p> <dl><dd><b>61... Kc5</b>,</dd></dl> <p>blocking the pawn with the wrong piece. Black should have played 61...Ne4 62. c4 Nc5!, blocking the pawn on the Troitsky line with a knight, with a forced win. The game continued: </p> <dl><dd><b>62. c4 Ne4</b></dd> <dd><b>63. Ka4 Nd4</b></dd> <dd><b>64. Ka5</b>.</dd></dl> <p>Black still has a theoretical forced win in this position, even after letting the pawn advance past the Troitsky line: </p> <dl><dd><b>64... Nc6+</b></dd> <dd><b>65. Ka6 Kd6!!</b></dd> <dd><b>66. c5+ Kc7</b></dd></dl> <p>and Black has a forced checkmate in 58 more moves.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the actual game was drawn. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="More_pawns">More pawns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_knights_endgame&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: More pawns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table align="right"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td> <div class="thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:254px"> Fine & Benko, diagram 201 </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:246px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/208px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/312px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/416px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:78px;left:52px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c5 black king"><img alt="c5 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/26px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/39px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/52px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:78px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d5 black pawn"><img alt="d5 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:78px;left:104px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e5 black pawn"><img alt="e5 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:156px;left:26px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b2 white king"><img alt="b2 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/26px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/39px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/52px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:156px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d2 white knight"><img alt="d2 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/26px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/39px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/52px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:156px;left:104px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e2 white knight"><img alt="e2 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/26px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/39px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/52px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">White to move wins in 96 moves.</div> </div></div></div> </td> <td> <div class="thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:254px"> <a href="/wiki/Reuben_Fine" title="Reuben Fine">Fine</a>, ECE #1778 </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:246px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/208px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/312px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/416px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:52px;left:52px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c6 black pawn"><img alt="c6 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:52px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d6 black pawn"><img alt="d6 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:52px;left:104px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e6 black pawn"><img alt="e6 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:52px;left:130px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f6 black king"><img alt="f6 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/26px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/39px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/52px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:130px;left:52px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c3 white knight"><img alt="c3 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/26px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/39px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/52px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:130px;left:104px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e3 white king"><img alt="e3 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/26px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/39px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/52px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:130px;left:130px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f3 white knight"><img alt="f3 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/26px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/39px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/52px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">White to move wins in 87 moves.</div> </div></div></div> <div class="thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:254px"> Lomonosov Tablebases </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:246px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/208px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/312px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/416px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:52px;left:104px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e6 black king"><img alt="e6 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/26px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/39px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/52px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:104px;left:156px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g4 black knight"><img alt="g4 black knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/26px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/39px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/52px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:156px;left:26px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b2 white pawn"><img alt="b2 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/26px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/39px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/52px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:156px;left:52px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c2 white pawn"><img alt="c2 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/26px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/39px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/52px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:156px;left:182px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h2 white pawn"><img alt="h2 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/26px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/39px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/52px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:182px;left:26px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b1 white king"><img alt="b1 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/26px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/39px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/52px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:182px;left:182px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h1 black knight"><img alt="h1 black knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/26px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/39px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/52px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Black to move wins in 146 moves.</div> </div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Two knights can win in some cases when the defender has more than one pawn. First the knights should blockade the pawns and then <a href="/wiki/Capture_(chess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture (chess)">capture</a> all except one. The knights cannot set up an effective blockade against four <a href="/wiki/Connected_pawns" title="Connected pawns">connected pawns</a>, so the position generally results in a draw. Five or more pawns usually win against two knights.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Example_from_game">Example from game</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_knights_endgame&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Example from game"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:222px"> Motwani vs. I. Gurevich </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:214px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/176px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="176" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/264px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/352px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:44px;left:88px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e6 black king"><img alt="e6 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/22px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/33px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/44px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:66px;left:44px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c5 white king"><img alt="c5 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/22px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/33px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/44px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:66px;left:66px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d5 black knight"><img alt="d5 black knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/22px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/33px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/44px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:66px;left:88px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e5 white pawn"><img alt="e5 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/22px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/33px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/44px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:66px;left:110px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f5 black knight"><img alt="f5 black knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/22px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/33px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/44px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:88px;left:66px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d4 white pawn"><img alt="d4 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/22px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/33px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/44px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> Position after Black's 72nd move </div></div></div> <p>In this 1991 game between Paul Motwani and <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Gurevich" title="Ilya Gurevich">Ilya Gurevich</a>, Black has blockaded the white pawns. In ten moves, Black won the pawn on d4. There were some inaccuracies on both sides, but White <a href="/wiki/Resign_(chess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resign (chess)">resigned</a> on move 99.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Position_of_mutual_zugzwang">Position of mutual zugzwang</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_knights_endgame&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Position of mutual zugzwang"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:254px"> Troitsky </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:246px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/208px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/312px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/416px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:182px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h8 black king"><img alt="h8 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/26px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/39px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/52px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:26px;left:130px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f7 white king"><img alt="f7 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/26px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/39px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/52px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:78px;left:130px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f5 white knight"><img alt="f5 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/26px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/39px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/52px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:130px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d3 black pawn"><img alt="d3 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:156px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d2 white knight"><img alt="d2 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/26px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/39px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/52px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> White to move draws; Black to move loses. </div></div></div> <p>There are positions of <a href="/wiki/Mutual_zugzwang" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual zugzwang">mutual zugzwang</a> in the endgame with two knights versus one pawn. In this position, White to move draws but Black to move loses. With Black to move: </p> <dl><dd><b>1... Kh7</b></dd> <dd><b>2. Ne4 d2</b></dd> <dd><b>3. Nf6+ Kh8</b></dd> <dd><b>4. Ne7</b> (or 4.Nh4) <b>d1=Q</b></dd> <dd><b>5. Ng6#</b></dd></dl> <p>With White to move, Black draws with correct play. White cannot put Black in <a href="/wiki/Zugzwang" title="Zugzwang">zugzwang</a>: </p> <dl><dd><b>1. Kf6 Kh7</b></dd> <dd><b>2. Kf7 Kh8</b></dd> <dd><b>3. Kg6 Kg8</b></dd> <dd><b>4. Ng7 Kf8</b></dd> <dd><b>5. Kf6 Kg8</b></dd> <dd><b>6. Ne6 Kh7!</b> (but not 6...Kh8? because White wins after 7.Kg6!, which puts Black to move)</dd> <dd><b>7. Kg5 Kg8</b></dd> <dd><b>8. Kg6 Kh8</b></dd></dl> <p>and White has no way to force a win.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Checkmate_in_problems">Checkmate in problems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_knights_endgame&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Checkmate in problems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The possible checkmate on the edge of the board is the basis of some composed <a href="/wiki/Chess_problem" title="Chess problem">chess problems</a>, as well as variations of the checkmate with two knights against a pawn. </p> <dl><dt>Angos, 2005</dt></dl> <div class="thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:222px"> Angos, 2005 </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:214px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/176px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="176" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/264px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/352px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:66px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d8 white knight"><img alt="d8 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/22px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/33px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/44px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:132px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g8 black king"><img alt="g8 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/22px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/33px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/44px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:22px;left:22px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b7 black knight"><img alt="b7 black knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/22px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/33px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/44px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:22px;left:66px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d7 white knight"><img alt="d7 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/22px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/33px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/44px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:44px;left:132px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g6 white king"><img alt="g6 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/22px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/33px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/44px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> White to move and mate in four </div></div></div> <p>In this problem by Alex Angos, White checkmates in four moves: </p> <dl><dd><b>1. Ne6! Nd8</b></dd> <dd><b>2. Nf6+ Kh8</b></dd> <dd><b>3. Ng5 N</b>–<i>any</i> (Black is in <a href="/wiki/Zugzwang" title="Zugzwang">zugzwang</a> and any knight move must abandon the protection of the f7-square)</dd> <dd><b>4. Nf7#</b><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <dl><dt><dl><dt>Berger, 1890</dt></dl></dt></dl> <div class="thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:222px"> Berger, 1890 </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:214px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/176px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="176" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/264px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/352px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:88px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e8 black knight"><img alt="e8 black knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/22px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/33px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/44px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:132px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g8 black king"><img alt="g8 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/22px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/33px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/44px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:44px;left:66px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d6 white knight"><img alt="d6 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/22px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/33px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/44px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:44px;left:88px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e6 white knight"><img alt="e6 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/22px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/33px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/44px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:44px;left:132px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g6 white king"><img alt="g6 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/22px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/33px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/44px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> White to move and mate in four </div></div></div> <p>A similar problem was composed by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Berger" title="Johann Berger">Johann Berger</a> in 1890. The solution is: </p> <dl><dd><b>1. Nf7! Nd6</b></dd> <dd><b>2. Nh6+ Kh8</b></dd> <dd><b>3. Ng5</b></dd></dl> <p>followed by </p> <dl><dd><b>4. Ngf7#</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <dl><dt>de Musset, 1849</dt></dl> <div class="thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:222px"> Alfred de Musset, 1849 </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:214px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/176px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="176" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/264px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/352px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:22px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b8 black knight"><img alt="b8 black knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/22px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/33px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/44px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:88px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e8 black king"><img alt="e8 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/22px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/33px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/44px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:132px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g8 white king"><img alt="g8 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/22px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/33px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/44px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:22px;left:154px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h7 white rook"><img alt="h7 white rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/22px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/33px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/44px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:66px;left:88px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e5 white knight"><img alt="e5 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/22px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/33px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/44px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:88px;left:132px;width:22px;height:22px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g4 white knight"><img alt="g4 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/22px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/33px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/44px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:22px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:22px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:22px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> White to move and mate in three </div></div></div> <p>In this composition by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_de_Musset" title="Alfred de Musset">Alfred de Musset</a>, White checkmates on the edge of the board in three moves with: </p> <dl><dd><b>1. Rd7 Nxd7</b></dd> <dd><b>2. Nc6 N</b>–<i>any</i></dd> <dd><b>3. Nf6#</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <dl><dt>Sobolevsky, 1951</dt></dl> <div class="thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:254px"> P. Sobolevsky, <a href="/wiki/Shakhmaty_v_SSSR" title="Shakhmaty v SSSR">Shakhmaty v SSSR</a>, 1951 </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:246px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/208px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/312px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/416px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:26px;left:130px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f7 black king"><img alt="f7 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/26px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/39px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/52px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:26px;left:182px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h7 white knight"><img alt="h7 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/26px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/39px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/52px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:52px;left:130px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f6 white bishop"><img alt="f6 white bishop" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Chess_blt45.svg/26px-Chess_blt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Chess_blt45.svg/39px-Chess_blt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Chess_blt45.svg/52px-Chess_blt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:52px;left:156px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g6 white knight"><img alt="g6 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/26px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/39px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/52px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:130px;left:182px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h3 white king"><img alt="h3 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/26px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/39px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/52px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:156px;left:156px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g2 black knight"><img alt="g2 black knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/26px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/39px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/52px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:156px;left:182px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h2 black bishop"><img alt="h2 black bishop" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Chess_bdt45.svg/26px-Chess_bdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Chess_bdt45.svg/39px-Chess_bdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Chess_bdt45.svg/52px-Chess_bdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> White to move and win </div></div></div> <p>In this <a href="/wiki/Endgame_study" title="Endgame study">study</a> composed by Sobolevsky, White wins by checkmating with two knights: </p> <dl><dd><b>1. Nh8+ Kg8</b></dd> <dd><b>2. Kxg2 Bf4</b></dd> <dd><b>3. Ng6 Bh6!</b></dd> <dd><b>4. Ng5 Bg7!</b></dd> <dd><b>5. Ne7+ Kh8</b></dd> <dd><b>6. Nf7+ Kh7</b></dd> <dd><b>7. Bh4! Bf6!</b></dd> <dd><b>8. Ng5+ Kh6</b><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><b>9. Ng8+ Kh5</b></dd> <dd><b>10. Nxf6+! Kxh4</b></dd> <dd><b>11. Nf3#</b><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <dl><dt>Nadanian, 2009</dt></dl> <div class="thumb noviewer tright"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:254px"> Ashot Nadanian, <a href="/wiki/ChessBase" title="ChessBase">ChessBase</a>, 2009<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:246px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/208px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/312px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/416px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:0px;left:182px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h8 white rook"><img alt="h8 white rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/26px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/39px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Chess_rlt45.svg/52px-Chess_rlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:26px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d7 black knight"><img alt="d7 black knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/26px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/39px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/52px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:26px;left:156px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g7 black rook"><img alt="g7 black rook" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/26px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/39px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Chess_rdt45.svg/52px-Chess_rdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:52px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d6 white knight"><img alt="d6 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/26px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/39px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/52px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:52px;left:156px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g6 black knight"><img alt="g6 black knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/26px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/39px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Chess_ndt45.svg/52px-Chess_ndt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:52px;left:182px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h6 black pawn"><img alt="h6 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:78px;left:156px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g5 black king"><img alt="g5 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/26px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/39px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/52px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:78px;left:182px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h5 white pawn"><img alt="h5 white pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/26px-Chess_plt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/39px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Chess_plt45.svg/52px-Chess_plt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:104px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d4 white knight"><img alt="d4 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/26px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/39px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/52px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:104px;left:130px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f4 black pawn"><img alt="f4 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:130px;left:182px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h3 white king"><img alt="h3 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/26px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/39px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/52px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> White to move and win </div></div></div> <p>In this study composed by <a href="/wiki/Ashot_Nadanian" title="Ashot Nadanian">Ashot Nadanian</a>, White wins by checkmating with two knights: </p> <dl><dd><b>1. Rg8!! Rxg8</b></dd></dl> <p>If 1...Re7, then 2.N6f5! Re1 3.Rxg6+ Kxh5 4.Rxh6+ Kg5 5.Nf3+ and White wins. </p> <dl><dd><b>2. Ne4+ Kxh5</b></dd> <dd><b>3. Ne6</b></dd></dl> <p>and checkmate on the next move, due to <a href="/wiki/Zugzwang" title="Zugzwang">zugzwang</a>; two white knights deliver four different checkmates:<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>3... R</b>–<i>any</i> <b>4. Ng7#</b></li> <li><b>3... Nd</b>–<i>any</i> <b>4. Nf6#</b></li> <li><b>3... Ng</b>–<i>any</i> <b>4. Nf4#</b></li> <li><b>3... f3</b> <b>4. Ng3#</b></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_knights_endgame&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first known composition where two knights win against one pawn is, according to Lafora, by <a href="/wiki/Gioachino_Greco" title="Gioachino Greco">Gioachino Greco</a> in 1620.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1780, Chapais did a partial analysis of three positions with the pawn on f4 or h4.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1851 <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Horwitz" title="Bernhard Horwitz">Horwitz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Josef_Kling" title="Josef Kling">Kling</a> published three positions where the knights win against one pawn and two positions where they win against two pawns.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The analysis by Chapais was revised by Guretsky-Cornitz and others, and it was included by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Berger" title="Johann Berger">Johann Berger</a> in <i>Theory and Practice of the Endgame</i>, first published in 1891. However, the analysis by Guretsky-Cornitz was incorrect, and the original analysis by Chapais was, in principle, correct.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Troitsky started studying the endgame in the early 20th century and published his extensive analysis in 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern computer analysis found it to be very accurate.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Master games with this ending are rare — Troitsky knew of only six when he published his analysis in 1937. In the first four (from c. 1890 to 1913), the weaker side brought about the ending to obtain a <a href="/wiki/Draw_(chess)" title="Draw (chess)">draw</a> from an opponent who did not know how to win. The first master game with a win was in 1931 when <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Seitz" title="Adolf Seitz">Adolf Seitz</a> beat <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Znosko-Borovsky" title="Eugene Znosko-Borovsky">Eugene Znosko-Borovsky</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb noviewer tleft"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:254px"> Horwitz & Kling, 1851 </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:246px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/208px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/312px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/416px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:104px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d4 black pawn"><img alt="d4 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:130px;left:26px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b3 white king"><img alt="b3 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/26px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/39px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/52px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:130px;left:78px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="d3 white knight"><img alt="d3 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/26px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/39px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/52px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:182px;left:26px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="b1 black king"><img alt="b1 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/26px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/39px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/52px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:182px;left:156px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g1 white knight"><img alt="g1 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/26px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/39px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/52px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> White to move checkmates in six moves: 1.Ne2 Ka1 2.Nb4 Kb1 (2...d3 3.Nc3 d2 4.Nc2#) 3.Nc2 d3 4.Na3+ Ka1 5.Nc3 d2 6.Nc2# </div></div></div> <div class="thumb noviewer tleft"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:254px"> Horwitz & Kling, 1851 </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:246px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/208px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/312px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/416px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:52px;left:156px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g6 white knight"><img alt="g6 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/26px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/39px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/52px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:78px;left:130px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f5 white knight"><img alt="f5 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/26px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/39px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/52px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:130px;left:182px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h3 black pawn"><img alt="h3 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:156px;left:104px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="e2 white king"><img alt="e2 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/26px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/39px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/52px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:156px;left:156px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g2 black king"><img alt="g2 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/26px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/39px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/52px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:156px;left:182px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="h2 black pawn"><img alt="h2 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> White to move wins by setting up <a href="/wiki/Stamma%27s_mate" class="mw-redirect" title="Stamma's mate">Stamma's mate</a>: 1.Ngh4+ Kg1 2.Nf3+ Kh1 3.Ke1 Kg2 4.Nxh2!! Kxh2 5.Kf1! Kh1 6.Kf2 Kh2 7.Ne3 Kh1 8.Nf1 h2 9.Ng3# 1-0 </div></div></div> <div class="thumb noviewer tleft"><div class="center" style="line-height:130%;margin:0 auto;max-width:254px"> <a href="/wiki/William_Pollock_(chess_player)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Pollock (chess player)">Pollock</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Whipps_Showalter" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackson Whipps Showalter">Showalter</a>, c. 1890 </div><div class="thumbinner" style="width:246px"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size:88%;border:1px #c8ccd1 solid;padding:0;margin:auto"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td><td colspan="8" rowspan="8" style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit"><div class="chess-board notheme" style="position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/208px-Chessboard480.svg.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/312px-Chessboard480.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chessboard480.svg/416px-Chessboard480.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:26px;left:0px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a7 black pawn"><img alt="a7 black pawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/26px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/39px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Chess_pdt45.svg/52px-Chess_pdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:78px;left:0px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="a5 white knight"><img alt="a5 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/26px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/39px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/52px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:104px;left:52px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="c4 white knight"><img alt="c4 white knight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/26px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/39px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Chess_nlt45.svg/52px-Chess_nlt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:104px;left:156px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="g4 black king"><img alt="g4 black king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/26px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/39px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Chess_kdt45.svg/52px-Chess_kdt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute;z-index:3;top:156px;left:130px;width:26px;height:26px"><span class="mw-valign-top notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="f2 white king"><img alt="f2 white king" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/26px-Chess_klt45.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/39px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Chess_klt45.svg/52px-Chess_klt45.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></span></span></div></div></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;width:18px;height:26px">8</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">4</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">3</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">2</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:26px">1</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:middle"><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">a</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">b</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">c</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">d</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">e</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">f</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">g</td><td style="padding:0;vertical-align:inherit;text-align:center;height:18px;width:26px">h</td><td style="vertical-align:inherit;padding:0"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="thumbcaption"> White to move. Pollock refused to continue and <a href="/wiki/Draw_by_agreement" title="Draw by agreement">agreed to a draw</a> six moves later, but White has a winning position.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_knights_endgame&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFMednis1996">Mednis 1996</a>:41)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFAverbakh1993">Averbakh 1993</a>:14)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFSpeelmanTisdallWade1993">Speelman, Tisdall & Wade 1993</a>:11)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFSeirawan2003">Seirawan 2003</a>:17)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFTroitsky2006">Troitsky 2006</a>:197–257)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFAverbakh1993">Averbakh 1993</a>:14)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHaworth2009" class="citation journal cs1">Haworth, Guy M<sup>c</sup>C (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/27847/">"Western Chess:Endgame Data"</a>. <i>CentAUR</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CentAUR&rft.atitle=Western+Chess%3AEndgame+Data&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Haworth&rft.aufirst=Guy+M%3Csup%3Ec%3C%2Fsup%3EC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcentaur.reading.ac.uk%2F27847%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFDvoretsky2006">Dvoretsky 2006</a>:280)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFFine1941">Fine 1941</a>:5–6)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFDvoretsky2011">Dvoretsky 2011</a>:283)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFMüllerLamprecht2001">Müller & Lamprecht 2001</a>:403)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFMednis1996">Mednis 1996</a>:40)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFSpeelmanTisdallWade1993">Speelman, Tisdall & Wade 1993</a>:11)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFKeres2018">Keres 2018</a>:10)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFGuliev2003">Guliev 2003</a>:74)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208015339/http://www.geocities.com/rba_schach2000/overview_english.htm">"Chess program Wilhelm"</a>. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chess+program+Wilhelm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geocities.com%2Frba_schach2000%2Foverview_english.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span> + <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://auto-chess.blogspot.ch/2012/11/download-nalimov-end-game-tablebases-2.html">"Nalimov Engame Tablebases"</a>. <i>AutoChess</i>. 11 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AutoChess&rft.atitle=Nalimov+Engame+Tablebases&rft.date=2012-11-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fauto-chess.blogspot.ch%2F2012%2F11%2Fdownload-nalimov-end-game-tablebases-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1033751">Benko–Bronstein</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFBenko2007">Benko 2007</a>:133)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1068236">Karpov vs. Korchnoi</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFMednis1996">Mednis 1996</a>:41)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFFine1941">Fine 1941</a>:5–6)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bwinf.de/fileadmin/user_upload/BwInf/2018/37/2._Runde/Aufgaben/aufgaben372.pdf">"37. Bundeswettbewerb Informatik 2018/2019: Die Aufgaben der 2. Runde, Aufgabe 3B"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>BWINF</i>. Bonn. 2019. p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BWINF&rft.atitle=37.+Bundeswettbewerb+Informatik+2018%2F2019%3A+Die+Aufgaben+der+2.+Runde%2C+Aufgabe+3B&rft.pages=7&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbwinf.de%2Ffileadmin%2Fuser_upload%2FBwInf%2F2018%2F37%2F2._Runde%2FAufgaben%2Faufgaben372.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bwinf.de/fileadmin/user_upload/BwInf/2018/37/2._Runde/L%C3%B6sungshinweise/loesungshinweise372.pdf">"37. Bundeswettbewerb Informatik 2018/2019, 2. Runde: Lösungshinweise und Bewertungskriterien, Aufgabe 3"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>BWINF</i>. Bonn. 2019. pp. 37–46.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BWINF&rft.atitle=37.+Bundeswettbewerb+Informatik+2018%2F2019%2C+2.+Runde%3A+L%C3%B6sungshinweise+und+Bewertungskriterien%2C+Aufgabe+3&rft.pages=37-46&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbwinf.de%2Ffileadmin%2Fuser_upload%2FBwInf%2F2018%2F37%2F2._Runde%2FL%25C3%25B6sungshinweise%2Floesungshinweise372.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFMüllerLamprecht2001">Müller & Lamprecht 2001</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFMüllerLamprecht2001">Müller & Lamprecht 2001</a>:19–20)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFMüllerLamprecht2001">Müller & Lamprecht 2001</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFMüllerLamprecht2001">Müller & Lamprecht 2001</a>:19–20)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFRabinovich2012">Rabinovich 2012</a>:88)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFNunn1995">Nunn 1995</a>:265)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFGiddins2012">Giddins 2012</a>:26)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://syzygy-tables.info/?fen=8/k7/8/4Kn2/8/P7/8/1n6_b_-_-_0_1">"Syzygy endgame tablebases"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syzygy+endgame+tablebases&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsyzygy-tables.info%2F%3Ffen%3D8%2Fk7%2F8%2F4Kn2%2F8%2FP7%2F8%2F1n6_b_-_-_0_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFMüllerLamprecht2001">Müller & Lamprecht 2001</a>:20)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFAverbakhChekhover1977">Averbakh & Chekhover 1977</a>:119–120)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFAverbakhChekhover1977">Averbakh & Chekhover 1977</a>:119–120)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1295765">Topalov vs. Karpov</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFTroitsky2006">Troitsky 2006</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chesscafe.com/text/mueller37.pdf">Müller article</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1541026">Wang vs. Anand</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFSoltis2010">Soltis 2010</a>:42)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFFineBenko2003">Fine & Benko 2003</a>:101)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFSpeelmanTisdallWade1993">Speelman, Tisdall & Wade 1993</a>:114)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFAverbakhChekhover1977">Averbakh & Chekhover 1977</a>:106)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFAngos2005">Angos 2005</a>:46)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFMatanović1993">Matanović 1993</a>:492–93)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFHooperWhyld1992">Hooper & Whyld 1992</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There is no apparent win after 8...Kg7, based on analysis by <a href="/wiki/Houdini_(chess)" title="Houdini (chess)">Houdini 2.0</a>. Yet according to <a href="/wiki/Nalimov_tablebases" class="mw-redirect" title="Nalimov tablebases">Nalimov tablebases</a> - White does win by force.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFNunn1981">Nunn 1981</a>:6)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessbase.com/puzzle/christmas2009/chr09-05.htm">"ChessBase Christmas Puzzles: A tale of seven knights"</a>. ChessBase. 2009-12-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ChessBase+Christmas+Puzzles%3A+A+tale+of+seven+knights&rft.pub=ChessBase&rft.date=2009-12-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chessbase.com%2Fpuzzle%2Fchristmas2009%2Fchr09-05.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span> Broken link</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100206203021/http://www.chessbase.com/puzzle/christmas2009/chr09-sol1.htm">"Solutions to 2009 Christmas Puzzles"</a>. ChessBase. 2010-02-02. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessbase.com/puzzle/christmas2009/chr09-sol1.htm">the original</a> on 6 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Solutions+to+2009+Christmas+Puzzles&rft.pub=ChessBase&rft.date=2010-02-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chessbase.com%2Fpuzzle%2Fchristmas2009%2Fchr09-sol1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span> Broken link</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C.R. Lafora (1965). Dos caballos en combate. Madrid: Aguilera, p.39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFTroitsky2006">Troitsky 2006</a>:200)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFHorwitzKling1986">Horwitz & Kling 1986</a>:64–68)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFTroitsky2006">Troitsky 2006</a>:200)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFMednis1996">Mednis 1996</a>:43)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFNunn1995">Nunn 1995</a>:265)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFTroitsky2006">Troitsky 2006</a>:197–99)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1151993">Znosko-Borovsky vs. Seitz</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFTroitsky2006">Troitsky 2006</a>:197)</span> </li> </ol></div> <p><b>Bibliography</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAngos2005" class="citation cs2">Angos, Alex (2005), <i>You Move ... I Win!: A Lesson in Zugzwang</i>, Thinkers' Press, Inc., <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-888710-18-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-888710-18-2"><bdi>978-1-888710-18-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=You+Move+...+I+Win%21%3A+A+Lesson+in+Zugzwang&rft.pub=Thinkers%27+Press%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-888710-18-2&rft.aulast=Angos&rft.aufirst=Alex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAverbakh1993" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Averbakh" title="Yuri Averbakh">Averbakh, Yuri</a> (1993), <i>Chess Endgames: Essential Knowledge</i>, Cadogan, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85744-022-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85744-022-5"><bdi>978-1-85744-022-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chess+Endgames%3A+Essential+Knowledge&rft.pub=Cadogan&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-1-85744-022-5&rft.aulast=Averbakh&rft.aufirst=Yuri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAverbakhChekhover1977" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Averbakh" title="Yuri Averbakh">Averbakh, Yuri</a>; Chekhover, Vitaly (1977), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/knightendings00aver_0"><i>Knight Endings</i></a></span>, Batsford, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7134-0552-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7134-0552-X"><bdi>0-7134-0552-X</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Knight+Endings&rft.pub=Batsford&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-7134-0552-X&rft.aulast=Averbakh&rft.aufirst=Yuri&rft.au=Chekhover%2C+Vitaly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fknightendings00aver_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenko2007" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Pal_Benko" title="Pal Benko">Benko, Pal</a> (2007), <i>Pal Benko's Endgame Laboratory</i>, Ishi Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-923891-88-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-923891-88-6"><bdi>978-0-923891-88-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pal+Benko%27s+Endgame+Laboratory&rft.pub=Ishi+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-923891-88-6&rft.aulast=Benko&rft.aufirst=Pal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDvoretsky2006" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Dvoretsky" title="Mark Dvoretsky">Dvoretsky, Mark</a> (2006), <i>Dvoretsky's Endgame Manual</i> (2nd ed.), Russell Enterprises, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-888690-28-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-888690-28-3"><bdi>1-888690-28-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dvoretsky%27s+Endgame+Manual&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Russell+Enterprises&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-888690-28-3&rft.aulast=Dvoretsky&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDvoretsky2011" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Dvoretsky" title="Mark Dvoretsky">Dvoretsky, Mark</a> (2011), <i>Dvoretsky's Endgame Manual</i> (3rd ed.), Russell Enterprises, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-936490-13-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-936490-13-4"><bdi>978-1-936490-13-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dvoretsky%27s+Endgame+Manual&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Russell+Enterprises&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-936490-13-4&rft.aulast=Dvoretsky&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFine1941" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Fine" title="Reuben Fine">Fine, Reuben</a> (1941), <i><a href="/wiki/Basic_Chess_Endings" title="Basic Chess Endings">Basic Chess Endings</a></i>, McKay, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-14002-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-14002-6"><bdi>0-679-14002-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basic+Chess+Endings&rft.pub=McKay&rft.date=1941&rft.isbn=0-679-14002-6&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=Reuben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFineBenko2003" class="citation cs2">Fine, Reuben; <a href="/wiki/Pal_Benko" title="Pal Benko">Benko, Pal</a> (2003), <i><a href="/wiki/Basic_Chess_Endings" title="Basic Chess Endings">Basic Chess Endings</a> (1941)</i> (2nd ed.), McKay, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8129-3493-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8129-3493-8"><bdi>0-8129-3493-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basic+Chess+Endings+%281941%29&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=McKay&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-8129-3493-8&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=Reuben&rft.au=Benko%2C+Pal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiddins2012" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Giddins" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen Giddins">Giddins, Steve</a> (2012), <i>The Greatest Ever Chess Endgames</i>, <a href="/wiki/Everyman_Chess" title="Everyman Chess">Everyman Chess</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85744-694-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85744-694-4"><bdi>978-1-85744-694-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greatest+Ever+Chess+Endgames&rft.pub=Everyman+Chess&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-85744-694-4&rft.aulast=Giddins&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuliev2003" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Sarhan_Guliev" title="Sarhan Guliev">Guliev, Sarhan</a> (2003), <i>The Manual of Chess Endings</i>, Russian Chess House, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-94693-020-6" title="Special:BookSources/5-94693-020-6"><bdi>5-94693-020-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Manual+of+Chess+Endings&rft.pub=Russian+Chess+House&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=5-94693-020-6&rft.aulast=Guliev&rft.aufirst=Sarhan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooperWhyld1992" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/David_Vincent_Hooper" title="David Vincent Hooper">Hooper, David</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Whyld" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Whyld">Whyld, Kenneth</a> (1992), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Companion_to_Chess" title="The Oxford Companion to Chess">The Oxford Companion to Chess</a></i> (s2nd ed.), Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-866164-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-866164-9"><bdi>0-19-866164-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Chess&rft.edition=s2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-19-866164-9&rft.aulast=Hooper&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Whyld%2C+Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span> Reprint: (1996) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-280049-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-280049-3">0-19-280049-3</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorwitzKling1986" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Horwitz" title="Bernhard Horwitz">Horwitz, Bernhard</a>; <a href="/wiki/Josef_Kling" title="Josef Kling">Kling, Josef</a> (1986), <i>Chess Studies and End-Games (1851, 1884)</i>, Olms, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-283-00172-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-283-00172-3"><bdi>3-283-00172-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chess+Studies+and+End-Games+%281851%2C+1884%29&rft.pub=Olms&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=3-283-00172-3&rft.aulast=Horwitz&rft.aufirst=Bernhard&rft.au=Kling%2C+Josef&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeres2018" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Keres" title="Paul Keres">Keres, Paul</a> (2018), <i>Practical Chess Endings: with modern chess notation</i>, Batsford, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84994-495-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84994-495-3"><bdi>978-1-84994-495-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Practical+Chess+Endings%3A+with+modern+chess+notation&rft.pub=Batsford&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-84994-495-3&rft.aulast=Keres&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatanović1993" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Matanovi%C4%87" title="Aleksandar Matanović">Matanović, Aleksandar</a> (1993), <i>Encyclopedia of Chess Endings (minor pieces)</i>, vol. 5, <a href="/wiki/Chess_Informant" title="Chess Informant">Chess Informant</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Chess+Endings+%28minor+pieces%29&rft.pub=Chess+Informant&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Matanovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Aleksandar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMednis1996" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Edmar_Mednis" title="Edmar Mednis">Mednis, Edmar</a> (1996), <i>Advanced Endgame Strategies</i>, Chess Enterprises, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-945470-59-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-945470-59-2"><bdi>0-945470-59-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advanced+Endgame+Strategies&rft.pub=Chess+Enterprises&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-945470-59-2&rft.aulast=Mednis&rft.aufirst=Edmar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMüllerLamprecht2001" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Karsten_M%C3%BCller" title="Karsten Müller">Müller, Karsten</a>; <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lamprecht" title="Frank Lamprecht">Lamprecht, Frank</a> (2001), <i>Fundamental Chess Endings</i>, Gambit Publications, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-901983-53-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-901983-53-6"><bdi>1-901983-53-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamental+Chess+Endings&rft.pub=Gambit+Publications&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-901983-53-6&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Karsten&rft.au=Lamprecht%2C+Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNunn1981" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_Nunn" title="John Nunn">Nunn, John</a> (1981), <i>Tactical Chess Endings</i>, Batsford, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7134-5937-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7134-5937-9"><bdi>0-7134-5937-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tactical+Chess+Endings&rft.pub=Batsford&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-7134-5937-9&rft.aulast=Nunn&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNunn1995" class="citation cs2">Nunn, John (1995), <i>Secrets of Minor-Piece Endings</i>, Batsford, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8050-4228-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8050-4228-8"><bdi>0-8050-4228-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secrets+of+Minor-Piece+Endings&rft.pub=Batsford&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-8050-4228-8&rft.aulast=Nunn&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabinovich2012" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Ilya_Rabinovich" title="Ilya Rabinovich">Rabinovich, Ilya</a> (2012) [1927], <i>The Russian Endgame Handbook</i>, Mongoose, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-936277-41-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-936277-41-4"><bdi>978-1-936277-41-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Russian+Endgame+Handbook&rft.pub=Mongoose&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-936277-41-4&rft.aulast=Rabinovich&rft.aufirst=Ilya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeirawan2003" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Yasser_Seirawan" title="Yasser Seirawan">Seirawan, Yasser</a> (2003), <i>Winning Chess Endings</i>, Everyman Chess, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85744-348-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-85744-348-9"><bdi>1-85744-348-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Winning+Chess+Endings&rft.pub=Everyman+Chess&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-85744-348-9&rft.aulast=Seirawan&rft.aufirst=Yasser&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoltis2010" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Andy_Soltis" class="mw-redirect" title="Andy Soltis">Soltis, Andy</a> (January 2010), "Chess to Enjoy: EGTN", <i><a href="/wiki/Chess_Life" title="Chess Life">Chess Life</a></i>, <b>2010</b> (1): 42–43</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chess+Life&rft.atitle=Chess+to+Enjoy%3A+EGTN&rft.volume=2010&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=42-43&rft.date=2010-01&rft.aulast=Soltis&rft.aufirst=Andy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpeelmanTisdallWade1993" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Jon_Speelman" title="Jon Speelman">Speelman, Jon</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Tisdall" title="Jonathan Tisdall">Tisdall, Jon</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wade_(chess_player)" title="Robert Wade (chess player)">Wade, Bob</a> (1993), <i>Batsford Chess Endings</i>, B. T. Batsford, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7134-4420-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7134-4420-7"><bdi>0-7134-4420-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Batsford+Chess+Endings&rft.pub=B.+T.+Batsford&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-7134-4420-7&rft.aulast=Speelman&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft.au=Tisdall%2C+Jon&rft.au=Wade%2C+Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTroitsky2006" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Alexey_Troitsky" title="Alexey Troitsky">Troitsky, Alexey</a> (2006), <i>Collection of Chess Studies (1937)</i>, Ishi Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-923891-10-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-923891-10-2"><bdi>0-923891-10-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collection+of+Chess+Studies+%281937%29&rft.pub=Ishi+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-923891-10-2&rft.aulast=Troitsky&rft.aufirst=Alexey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwo+knights+endgame" class="Z3988"></span> The last part (pages 197–257) is a supplement containing Troitsky's analysis of two knights versus pawns.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_knights_endgame&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Grandmaster" class="mw-redirect" title="International Grandmaster">Grandmaster</a> and endgame specialist <a href="/wiki/Karsten_M%C3%BCller" title="Karsten Müller">Karsten Müller</a> wrote a helpful two-part article on this endgame called <i>The Damned Pawn</i> (in <a href="/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Document Format">PDFs</a>):</li></ul> <ol><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chesscafe.com/text/mueller35.pdf">Part 1</a> about the Troitsky line and the technique</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chesscafe.com/text/mueller36.pdf">Part 2: the second Troitsky line solved</a> the winning line taking into account the 50-move rule, and more winning techniques and drawing zones.</li></ol> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessvideos.tv/endgame-training/two-2-knights-vs-pawn-12.php">Two Knights vs King and Pawn Trainer</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1090903">Smyslov vs. Lilienthal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1090836">Norman vs. Lilienthal</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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title="Chess">Chess</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_chess" title="Outline of chess">Outline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_theory" title="Chess theory">Chess theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_title" title="Chess title">Chess titles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_(chess)" title="Grandmaster (chess)">Grandmaster</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_chess" title="Computer chess">Computer chess</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_computer_chess_terms" title="Glossary of computer chess terms">glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_chess_matches" title="Human–computer chess matches">matches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_engine" title="Chess engine">engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_software" title="List of chess 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href="/wiki/List_of_chess_variants" title="List of chess variants">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_world_records_in_chess" title="List of world records in chess">World records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_equipment" title="Chess equipment">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_set" title="Chess set">Chess set</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chessboard" title="Chessboard">chessboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik_chess_set" title="Dubrovnik chess set">Dubrovnik chess set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staunton_chess_set" title="Staunton chess set">Staunton chess set</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_piece" title="Chess piece">Chess pieces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_(chess)" title="King (chess)">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_(chess)" title="Queen (chess)">Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rook_(chess)" title="Rook (chess)">Rook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_(chess)" title="Bishop (chess)">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_(chess)" title="Knight (chess)">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">Pawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_chess_piece" title="Fairy chess piece">Fairy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_clock" title="Chess clock">Chess clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_table" title="Chess table">Chess table</a></li> <li><dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#score_sheets" title="Glossary of chess"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of chess § Score sheets" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">Score sheets</span></a></dfn></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_chess" title="History of chess">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_chess" title="Timeline of chess">Timeline</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Versus_de_scachis" title="Versus de scachis">Versus de scachis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen_manuscript" title="Göttingen manuscript">Göttingen manuscript</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne_chessmen" title="Charlemagne chessmen">Charlemagne chessmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_chessmen" title="Lewis chessmen">Lewis chessmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_chess" title="Romantic chess">Romantic chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypermodernism_(chess)" title="Hypermodernism (chess)">Hypermodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_chess_school" title="Soviet chess school">Soviet chess school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_top_chess_players_throughout_history" title="Comparison of top chess players throughout history">Top player comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_chess" title="Geography of chess">Geography of chess</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_Africa" title="Chess in Africa">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_South_Africa" title="Chess in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_China" title="Chess in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_Europe" title="Chess in Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_Armenia" title="Chess in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_Spain" title="Chess in Spain">Spain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_India" title="Chess in India">India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_games" title="List of chess games">Notable games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_players" title="List of chess players">List of chess players</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_amateur_chess_players" title="List of amateur chess players">amateurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_chess_players" title="List of female chess players">female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_grandmasters" title="List of chess grandmasters">grandmasters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_chess" title="Women in chess">Women in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chess_museums" title="Category:Chess museums">Chess museums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Fischer_Center" title="Bobby Fischer Center">Bobby Fischer Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kyay_Association_Chess_Museum" title="Gökyay Association Chess Museum">Gökyay Association Chess Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Hall_of_Fame" title="World Chess Hall of Fame">World Chess Hall of Fame</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rules_of_chess" title="Rules of chess">Rules</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castling" title="Castling">Castling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheating_in_chess" title="Cheating in chess">Cheating in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Check_(chess)" title="Check (chess)">Check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checkmate" title="Checkmate">Checkmate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draw_(chess)" title="Draw (chess)">Draw</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draw_by_agreement" title="Draw by agreement">by agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifty-move_rule" title="Fifty-move rule">Fifty-move rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_check" title="Perpetual check">Perpetual check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalemate" title="Stalemate">Stalemate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threefold_repetition" title="Threefold repetition">Threefold repetition</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/En_passant" title="En passant">En passant</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promotion_(chess)" title="Promotion (chess)">Pawn promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_control" title="Time control">Time control</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fast_chess" title="Fast chess">Fast chess</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch-move_rule" title="Touch-move rule">Touch-move rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_and_Black_in_chess" title="White and Black in chess">White and Black</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess" title="Glossary of chess">Terms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blunder_(chess)" title="Blunder (chess)">Blunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_notation" title="Chess notation">Chess notation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algebraic_notation_(chess)" title="Algebraic notation (chess)">algebraic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descriptive_notation" title="Descriptive notation">descriptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_Game_Notation" title="Portable Game Notation">PGN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_annotation_symbols" title="Chess annotation symbols">annotation symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Chess symbols in Unicode">symbols in Unicode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianchetto" title="Fianchetto">Fianchetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambit" title="Gambit">Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_square" title="Key square">Key square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_walk" title="King walk">King walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_file" title="Open file">Open file</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Half-open_file" title="Half-open file">Half-open file</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outpost_(chess)" title="Outpost (chess)">Outpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">Pawns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backward_pawn" title="Backward pawn">backward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connected_pawns" title="Connected pawns">connected</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubled_pawns" title="Doubled pawns">doubled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolated_pawn" title="Isolated pawn">isolated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passed_pawn" title="Passed pawn">passed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swindle_(chess)" title="Swindle (chess)">Swindle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempo_(chess)" title="Tempo (chess)">Tempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transposition_(chess)" title="Transposition (chess)">Transposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_traps" title="List of chess traps">Trap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_tactic" title="Chess tactic">Tactics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castling#Artificial_castling" title="Castling">Artificial castling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_(chess)" title="Battery (chess)">Battery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alekhine%27s_gun" title="Alekhine's gun">Alekhine's gun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_(chess)" title="Block (chess)">Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checkmate_pattern" title="Checkmate pattern">Checkmate patterns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combination_(chess)" title="Combination (chess)">Combination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decoy_(chess)" title="Decoy (chess)">Decoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deflection_(chess)" title="Deflection (chess)">Deflection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desperado_(chess)" title="Desperado (chess)">Desperado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovered_attack" title="Discovered attack">Discovered attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_check" title="Double check">Double check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fork_(chess)" title="Fork (chess)">Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interference_(chess)" title="Interference (chess)">Interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overloading_(chess)" title="Overloading (chess)">Overloading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_storm" title="Pawn storm">Pawn storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pin_(chess)" title="Pin (chess)">Pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_(chess)" title="Sacrifice (chess)">Sacrifice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_sacrifice" title="Queen sacrifice">Queen sacrifice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skewer_(chess)" title="Skewer (chess)">Skewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undermining_(chess)" title="Undermining (chess)">Undermining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windmill_(chess)" title="Windmill (chess)">Windmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_(chess)" title="X-ray (chess)">X-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwischenzug" title="Zwischenzug">Zwischenzug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_strategy" title="Chess strategy">Strategy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compensation_(chess)" title="Compensation (chess)">Compensation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_(chess)" title="Exchange (chess)">Exchange</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_exchange_(chess)" title="The exchange (chess)">the exchange</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiative_(chess)" title="Initiative (chess)">Initiative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First-move_advantage_in_chess" title="First-move advantage in chess">first-move advantage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_middlegame" title="Chess middlegame">Middlegame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_structure" title="Pawn structure">Pawn structure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hedgehog_(chess)" title="Hedgehog (chess)">Hedgehog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolated_pawn" title="Isolated pawn">Isolated Queen's Pawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%B3czy_Bind" title="Maróczy Bind">Maróczy Bind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_attack" title="Minority attack">Minority attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_piece_relative_value" title="Chess piece relative value">Piece values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophylaxis_(chess)" title="Prophylaxis (chess)">Prophylaxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_chess" title="School of chess">School of chess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_opening" title="Chess opening">Openings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flank_opening" title="Flank opening">Flank opening</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Fianchetto_Opening" title="King's Fianchetto Opening">Benko Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird%27s_Opening" title="Bird's Opening">Bird's Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunst_Opening" title="Dunst Opening">Dunst Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Opening" title="English Opening">English Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grob%27s_Attack" title="Grob's Attack">Grob's Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larsen%27s_Opening" class="mw-redirect" title="Larsen's Opening">Larsen's Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zukertort_Opening" title="Zukertort Opening">Zukertort Opening</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Indian_Attack" title="King's Indian Attack">King's Indian Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9ti_Opening" title="Réti Opening">Réti Opening</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Pawn_Game" title="King's Pawn Game">King's Pawn Game</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alekhine%27s_Defence" title="Alekhine's Defence">Alekhine's Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caro%E2%80%93Kann_Defence" title="Caro–Kann Defence">Caro–Kann Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Defence" title="French Defence">French Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Defense" title="Modern Defense">Modern Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimzowitsch_Defence" title="Nimzowitsch Defence">Nimzowitsch Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Game" title="Open Game">Open Game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Knights_Game" title="Four Knights Game">Four Knights Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuoco_Piano" title="Giuoco Piano">Giuoco Piano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Game" title="Italian Game">Italian Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Gambit" title="King's Gambit">King's Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrov%27s_Defence" title="Petrov's Defence">Petrov's Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philidor_Defence" title="Philidor Defence">Philidor Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponziani_Opening" title="Ponziani Opening">Ponziani Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruy_Lopez" title="Ruy Lopez">Ruy Lopez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-Italian_Opening" title="Semi-Italian Opening">Semi-Italian Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_Game" title="Scotch Game">Scotch Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Knights_Defense" title="Two Knights Defense">Two Knights Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Game" title="Vienna Game">Vienna Game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen%27s_Defence" title="Owen's Defence">Owen's Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirc_Defence" title="Pirc Defence">Pirc Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pirc_Defence,_Austrian_Attack" title="Pirc Defence, Austrian Attack">Austrian Attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Defense" title="Scandinavian Defense">Scandinavian Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence" title="Sicilian Defence">Sicilian Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Alapin_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Alapin Variation">Alapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Dragon_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Dragon Variation">Dragon</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Accelerated_Dragon" title="Sicilian Defence, Accelerated Dragon">Accelerated Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Najdorf_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Najdorf Variation">Najdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Scheveningen_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Scheveningen Variation">Scheveningen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Pawn_Game" title="Queen's Pawn Game">Queen's Pawn Game</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Gambit" title="Budapest Gambit">Budapest Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colle_System" title="Colle System">Colle System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Defence" title="Dutch Defence">Dutch Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Defence" title="English Defence">English Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Defence" title="Indian Defence">Indian Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benoni_Defense" title="Benoni Defense">Benoni Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Benoni" title="Modern Benoni">Modern Benoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogo-Indian_Defence" title="Bogo-Indian Defence">Bogo-Indian Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Opening" title="Catalan Opening">Catalan Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnfeld_Defence" title="Grünfeld Defence">Grünfeld Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Indian_Defence" title="King's Indian Defence">King's Indian Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimzo-Indian_Defence" title="Nimzo-Indian Defence">Nimzo-Indian Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Indian_Defense" title="Old Indian Defense">Old Indian Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Indian_Defense" title="Queen's Indian Defense">Queen's Indian Defence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_System" title="London System">London System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richter%E2%80%93Veresov_Attack" title="Richter–Veresov Attack">Richter–Veresov Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gambit" title="Queen's Gambit">Queen's Gambit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gambit_Accepted" title="Queen's Gambit Accepted">Accepted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gambit_Declined" title="Queen's Gambit Declined">Declined</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slav_Defense" title="Slav Defense">Slav Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-Slav_Defense" title="Semi-Slav Defense">Semi-Slav Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigorin_Defense" title="Chigorin Defense">Chigorin Defense</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_Attack" title="Torre Attack">Torre Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trompowsky_Attack" title="Trompowsky Attack">Trompowsky Attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_openings" title="List of chess openings">List of openings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_opening_theory_table" title="Chess opening theory table">theory table</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_gambits" title="List of chess gambits">List of chess gambits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irregular_chess_opening" title="Irregular chess opening">Irregular</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bongcloud_Attack" title="Bongcloud Attack">Bongcloud Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fool%27s_mate" title="Fool's mate">Fool's mate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholar%27s_mate" title="Scholar's mate">Scholar's mate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_endgame" title="Chess endgame">Endgames</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_and_knight_checkmate" title="Bishop and knight checkmate">Bishop and knight checkmate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_and_pawn_versus_king_endgame" title="King and pawn versus king endgame">King and pawn vs king</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposite-colored_bishops_endgame" title="Opposite-colored bishops endgame">Opposite-coloured bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnless_chess_endgame" title="Pawnless chess endgame">Pawnless endgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_and_pawn_versus_queen_endgame" title="Queen and pawn versus queen endgame">Queen and pawn vs queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_versus_pawn_endgame" title="Queen versus pawn endgame">Queen vs pawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_versus_rook_endgame" title="Queen versus rook endgame">Queen vs rook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rook_and_bishop_versus_rook_endgame" title="Rook and bishop versus rook endgame">Rook and bishop vs rook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rook_and_pawn_versus_rook_endgame" title="Rook and pawn versus rook endgame">Rook and pawn vs rook</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucena_position" title="Lucena position">Lucena position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philidor_position" title="Philidor position">Philidor position</a></li></ul></li> <li>Strategy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_(chess)" title="Fortress (chess)">fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_(chess)" title="Opposition (chess)">opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarrasch_rule" title="Tarrasch rule">Tarrasch rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangulation_(chess)" title="Triangulation (chess)">triangulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zugzwang" title="Zugzwang">Zugzwang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endgame_study" title="Endgame study">Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endgame_tablebase" title="Endgame tablebase">Tablebase</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Two knights endgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrong_bishop" title="Wrong bishop">Wrong bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrong_rook_pawn" title="Wrong rook pawn">Wrong rook pawn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_tournament" title="Chess tournament">Tournaments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_strong_chess_tournaments" title="List of strong chess tournaments">List of strong chess tournaments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_Olympiad" title="Chess Olympiad">Chess Olympiad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Chess_Olympiad" title="Women's Chess Olympiad">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship" title="World Chess Championship">World Chess Championship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Chess_Championships" title="List of World Chess Championships">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candidates_Tournament" title="Candidates Tournament">Candidates Tournament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_World_Cup" title="Chess World Cup">Chess World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_Grand_Prix" title="FIDE Grand Prix">FIDE Grand Prix</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other world championships <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_World_Chess_Championship" title="Women's World Chess Championship">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Team_Chess_Championship" title="World Team Chess Championship">Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Rapid_Chess_Championship" title="World Rapid Chess Championship">Rapid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Blitz_Chess_Championship" title="World Blitz Chess Championship">Blitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Chess_Championship" title="World Junior Chess Championship">Junior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship" title="World Youth Chess Championship">Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Senior_Chess_Championship" title="World Senior Chess Championship">Senior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Amateur_Chess_Championship" title="World Amateur Chess Championship">Amateur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Championship_of_Chess_Composition" title="World Championship of Chess Composition">Chess composition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Solving_Championship" title="World Chess Solving Championship">Solving</a></li></ul></li> <li>Computer chess championships <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess.com_Computer_Chess_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Chess.com Computer Chess Championship">CCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Open_Computer_Chess_Championship" title="Dutch Open Computer Chess Championship">CSVN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Computer_Chess_Championship" title="North American Computer Chess Championship">North American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Chess_Engine_Championship" title="Top Chess Engine Championship">TCEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Computer_Chess_Championship" title="World Computer Chess Championship">WCCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Computer_Speed_Chess_Championship" title="World Computer Speed Chess Championship">WCSCC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art and media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%AFssa" title="Caïssa">Caïssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_aesthetics" title="Chess aesthetics">Chess aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts" title="Chess in the arts">Chess in the arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_early_literature" title="Chess in early literature">early literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_chess" title="Category:Films about chess">film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Novels_about_chess" title="Category:Novels about chess">novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chess_paintings" title="Category:Chess paintings">paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Poems_about_chess" title="Category:Poems about chess">poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_stories_about_chess" title="Category:Short stories about chess">short stories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_books" title="List of chess books">Chess books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_opening_book" title="Chess opening book">opening books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_endgame_literature" title="Chess endgame literature">endgame literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Companion_to_Chess" title="The Oxford Companion to Chess"><i>Oxford Companion</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_libraries" title="Chess libraries">Chess libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_columns_in_newspapers" title="Chess columns in newspapers">Chess newspaper columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_periodicals" title="List of chess periodicals">Chess periodicals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbiter_(chess)" title="Arbiter (chess)">Arbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_boxing" title="Chess boxing">Chess boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_club" title="Chess club">Chess club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_composer" title="Chess composer">Chess composer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_engine" title="Chess engine">Chess engine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AlphaZero" title="AlphaZero">AlphaZero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Blue_(chess_computer)" title="Deep Blue (chess computer)">Deep Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leela_Chess_Zero" title="Leela Chess Zero">Leela Chess Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockfish_(chess)" title="Stockfish (chess)">Stockfish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_problem" title="Chess problem">Chess problem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess_problems" title="Glossary of chess problems">glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joke_chess_problem" title="Joke chess problem">joke chess</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_prodigy" title="Chess prodigy">Chess prodigy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_exhibition" title="Simultaneous exhibition">Simultaneous exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solving_chess" title="Solving chess">Solving chess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chess.svg" 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