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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Privately_organized_matches_(1886–1946)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Privately organized matches (1886–1946) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Privately_organized_matches_(1886–1946)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FIDE_World_Championships_(1948–1990)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FIDE_World_Championships_(1948–1990)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 FIDE World Championships (1948–1990) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FIDE_World_Championships_(1948–1990)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Split_title_(1993–2006)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Split_title_(1993–2006)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Split title (1993–2006) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Split_title_(1993–2006)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FIDE_World_Championships_(2006–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FIDE_World_Championships_(2006–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 FIDE World Championships (2006–present) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FIDE_World_Championships_(2006–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unrecognized_championship_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unrecognized_championship_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Unrecognized championship events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unrecognized_championship_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Works cited </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > 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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llista_de_matxs_pel_campionat_del_m%C3%B3n_d%27escacs" title="Llista de matxs pel campionat del món d'escacs – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llista de matxs pel campionat del món d'escacs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_Schachweltmeisterschaften" title="Liste der Schachweltmeisterschaften – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liste der Schachweltmeisterschaften" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encontros_polo_campionato_do_mundo_de_xadrez" title="Encontros polo campionato do mundo de xadrez – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Encontros polo campionato do mundo de xadrez" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%85ra%C5%A1as:Pasaulio_%C5%A1achmat%C5%B3_%C4%8Dempionatai" title="Sąrašas:Pasaulio šachmatų čempionatai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sąrašas:Pasaulio šachmatų čempionatai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakkvil%C3%A1gbajnoks%C3%A1gok_list%C3%A1ja" title="Sakkvilágbajnokságok listája – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sakkvilágbajnokságok listája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Мечеви за титулата светски првак во шах – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мечеви за титулата светски првак во шах" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijst_van_winnaars_van_het_wereldkampioenschap_schaken" title="Lijst van winnaars van het wereldkampioenschap schaken – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lijst van winnaars van het wereldkampioenschap schaken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja 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Steinitz has the White pieces, and Lasker has the Black pieces." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Lasker_v._Steinitz%2C_Philadelphia_1894_-_DPLA_-_73af88bcf081f1869cb65ba48577e95a.jpg/220px-Lasker_v._Steinitz%2C_Philadelphia_1894_-_DPLA_-_73af88bcf081f1869cb65ba48577e95a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Lasker_v._Steinitz%2C_Philadelphia_1894_-_DPLA_-_73af88bcf081f1869cb65ba48577e95a.jpg/330px-Lasker_v._Steinitz%2C_Philadelphia_1894_-_DPLA_-_73af88bcf081f1869cb65ba48577e95a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Lasker_v._Steinitz%2C_Philadelphia_1894_-_DPLA_-_73af88bcf081f1869cb65ba48577e95a.jpg/440px-Lasker_v._Steinitz%2C_Philadelphia_1894_-_DPLA_-_73af88bcf081f1869cb65ba48577e95a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5965" data-file-height="4853" /></a><figcaption>Emanuel Lasker (left) facing incumbent champion Wilhelm Steinitz (right) in Philadelphia during the <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1894" title="World Chess Championship 1894">1894 World Chess Championship</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship" title="World Chess Championship">World Chess Championship</a> has taken various forms over time, including both <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#match" title="Glossary of chess">match</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tournament" title="Tournament">tournament</a> play. While the concept of a world champion of <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a> had already existed for decades, with several events considered by some to have established the world's foremost player, an event explicitly held to decide a world champion did not take place until 1886. World Championships were initially privately organized matches, with each requiring the consent of the incumbent champion to take place. After 1948, the <a href="/wiki/International_Chess_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="International Chess Federation">International Chess Federation</a> (FIDE) began organizing the Championship under its auspices. The championship was fixed to a three-year cycle, with each challenger decided by a <a href="/wiki/Candidates_Tournament" title="Candidates Tournament">Candidates Tournament</a>. In 1993, the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Professional_Chess_Association" title="Professional Chess Association">Professional Chess Association</a> (PCA) split from FIDE, and as a result there were two competing World Championship titles between 1993 and 2006. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Key">Key</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_Chess_Championships&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Key">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style>Key to symbols and headers </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row">Date </th> <td>The year the event took place, further disambiguated as needed </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffc">† </th> <td>Event was a tournament, as opposed to a match. </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center">‡ </th> <td>Event resulted in a draw, with the champion retaining the title. </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccc"># </th> <td>Scheduled event did not take place. </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cff">✻ </th> <td>Event began, but was abandoned without any result. </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Winner </th> <td>The winner of the event, or the champion otherwise retaining the title. Numerals denote the updated number of event wins or title defences by the champion. </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Score </th> <td>The performance of the eventual champion. Segments such as tiebreaks are listed sequentially. Head-to-head tournament results are given in a footnote. </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Runner-up </th> <td>The second-place finisher of the event, or the challenger for a match without a winner </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><abbr title="Reference">Ref</abbr> </th> <td>References and footnotes corresponding to the event </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Predecessor_events_(before_1886)">Predecessor events (before 1886)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_Chess_Championships&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Predecessor events (before 1886)">edit</a>]</div> Chess was first introduced to Europe during the 9th century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurray1913405-1">[1]</a> In the early modern era, following the solidification of the modern <a href="/wiki/Rules_of_chess" title="Rules of chess">rules of chess</a>, the game continued to carry consistent prestige and public interest.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurray1913774–779-2">[2]</a> While numerous players have been characterized as the game's strongest over the centuries, the idea of an international chess match or tournament did not occur until the 18th century,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurray1913845-3">[3]</a> and did not materialize until the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurray1913883-4">[4]</a> While the following events did not have the title of World Champion at stake, they have been recognized either at the time or in retrospect as indicating the world's leading player. <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1152813436">Predecessor events prior to 1886 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Date </th> <th scope="col">Location </th> <th scope="col">Winner </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Score </th> <th scope="col">Runner-up </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Format </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="Reference">Ref</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/La_Bourdonnais%E2%80%93McDonnell_chess_matches" title="La Bourdonnais–McDonnell chess matches">1834</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="La Bourdonnais, Louis"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Louis-Charles_Mah%C3%A9_de_La_Bourdonnais" title="Louis-Charles Mahé de La Bourdonnais">Louis de La Bourdonnais</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">18‍–‍7<div style="border-bottom:1px dashed #a3a9b0; margin-top:0.2em; margin-bottom:0.2em;"></div>4‍–‍5<div style="border-bottom:1px dashed #a3a9b0; margin-top:0.2em; margin-bottom:0.2em;"></div>6½‍–‍5½<div style="border-bottom:1px dashed #a3a9b0; margin-top:0.2em; margin-bottom:0.2em;"></div>11½‍–‍6½<div style="border-bottom:1px dashed #a3a9b0; margin-top:0.2em; margin-bottom:0.2em;"></div>7½‍–‍4½<div style="border-bottom:1px dashed #a3a9b0; margin-top:0.2em; margin-bottom:0.2em;"></div>4‍–‍5 </td> <td data-sort-value="McDonnell, Alexander"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_McDonnell_(chess_player)" title="Alexander McDonnell (chess player)">Alexander McDonnell</a> </td> <td>Casual play </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>1843 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Staunton, Howard"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Howard_Staunton" title="Howard Staunton">Howard Staunton</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">13‍–‍8 </td> <td data-sort-value="Saint-Amant, Pierre"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Saint-Amant" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Saint-Amant">Pierre Saint-Amant</a> </td> <td>First to 11 wins </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#ffc"> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#ffc"><a href="/wiki/London_1851_chess_tournament" title="London 1851 chess tournament">1851</a>† </th> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> London </td> <td data-sort-value="Anderssen, Adolf"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia"><img alt="Kingdom of Prussia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Anderssen" title="Adolf Anderssen">Adolf Anderssen</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">15‍–‍6<a href="#cite_note-7">[a]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Wyvill, Marmaduke"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Marmaduke_Wyvill_(chess_player)" title="Marmaduke Wyvill (chess player)">Marmaduke Wyvill</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Single-elimination_tournament" title="Single-elimination tournament">Single-elimination tournament</a> with 16 players </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1858 </th> <td data-sort-value="Anderssen, Adolf"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Paris </td> <td data-sort-value="Morphy, Paul"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281858%E2%80%931859%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281858%E2%80%931859%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281858%E2%80%931859%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281858%E2%80%931859%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281858%E2%80%931859%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281858%E2%80%931859%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Morphy" title="Paul Morphy">Paul Morphy</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">8‍–‍3 </td> <td data-sort-value="Anderssen, Adolf"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia"><img alt="Kingdom of Prussia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> Adolf Anderssen </td> <td>First to 7 wins </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#ffc"> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#ffc"><a href="/wiki/London_1862_chess_tournament" title="London 1862 chess tournament">1862</a>† </th> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> London </td> <td data-sort-value="Anderssen, Adolf"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia"><img alt="Kingdom of Prussia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> Adolf Anderssen </td> <td style="text-align:center">11½‍–‍1½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Paulsen, Louis"><a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation"><img alt="German Confederation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_the_German_Confederation_%28war%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_German_Confederation_%28war%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_the_German_Confederation_%28war%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_German_Confederation_%28war%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_the_German_Confederation_%28war%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_German_Confederation_%28war%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Louis_Paulsen" title="Louis Paulsen">Louis Paulsen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Round-robin_tournament" title="Round-robin tournament">Round-robin tournament</a> with 14 players </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1866 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> London </td> <td data-sort-value="Steinitz, Wilhelm"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire"><img alt="Austrian Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Steinitz" title="Wilhelm Steinitz">Wilhelm Steinitz</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">8‍–‍6 </td> <td data-sort-value="Anderssen, Adolf"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia"><img alt="Kingdom of Prussia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> Adolf Anderssen </td> <td>Best of 15 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#ffc"> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#ffc"><a href="/wiki/London_1883_chess_tournament" title="London 1883 chess tournament">1883</a>† </th> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> London </td> <td data-sort-value="Zukertort, Johannes"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Zukertort" title="Johannes Zukertort">Johannes Zukertort</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">22‍–‍4 </td> <td data-sort-value="Steinitz, Wilhelm"><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary"><img alt="Austria-Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> Wilhelm Steinitz </td> <td>Double round-robin tournament with 14 players </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r979066050">.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist-embedded{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;padding:0 0.25em 0 0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after{content:", "}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:"; "}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after{content:none}</style><ul class="cslist cslist-embedded"><li>2½‍–‍½ <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Kieseritzky" title="Lionel Kieseritzky">Kieseritzky</a></li><li>4‍–‍2 <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_Sz%C3%A9n" title="József Szén">Szén</a></li><li>4‍–‍1 Staunton</li><li>4½‍–‍2½ Wyvill</li></ul> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Privately_organized_matches_(1886–1946)">Privately organized matches (1886–1946)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_Chess_Championships&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Privately organized matches (1886–1946)">edit</a>]</div> With both <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Steinitz" title="Wilhelm Steinitz">Wilhelm Steinitz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Zukertort" title="Johannes Zukertort">Johannes Zukertort</a> seen as plausible claimants, the two <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1886" title="World Chess Championship 1886">played a match</a> for the first World Championship in 1886. While Steinitz would later claim that he had been the World Champion since the 1860s, no match before 1886 was played for any formal title.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinter2023a-13">[12]</a> From then until after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, championship matches were privately organized, and the champion was not formally obliged to face an opponent. An agreement had to be reached between the champion, the challenger, and the patrons sponsoring each match, which included providing the funds for the prize pool.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinter19549–10-14">[13]</a> Lasker's 27-year reign as World Champion is the longest in the history of organized chess since 1886, but featured two separate 10-year spans during which he did not defend his title. <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1152813436">Privately organized matches (1886–1946) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:2em">Date</th> <th scope="col" style="width:15em" class="unsortable">Location </th> <th scope="col" style="width:12em">Winner</th> <th scope="col" style="width:5em" class="unsortable">Score</th> <th scope="col" style="width:12em">Runner-up </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Format</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="Reference">Ref</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1886" title="World Chess Championship 1886">1886</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> (1–5)</li><li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a> (6–9)</li><li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> (10–15)</li></ul> </td> <td data-sort-value="Steinitz, Wilhelm"><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary"><img alt="Austria-Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Steinitz" title="Wilhelm Steinitz">Wilhelm Steinitz</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">12½‍–‍7½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Zukertort, Johannes"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Zukertort" title="Johannes Zukertort">Johannes Zukertort</a> </td> <td>First to 10 wins </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurray1913889-15">[14]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1889" title="World Chess Championship 1889">1889</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire"><img alt="Spanish Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Steinitz, Wilhelm"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281877%E2%80%931890%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> Wilhelm Steinitz (2) </td> <td style="text-align:center">10½‍–‍6½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Chigorin, Mikhail"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Chigorin" title="Mikhail Chigorin">Mikhail Chigorin</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">Best of 20, tiebreak if required </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKažić1974208–210-16">[15]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1890%E2%80%931891" title="World Chess Championship 1890–1891">1890–1891</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281890%E2%80%931891%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281890%E2%80%931891%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281890%E2%80%931891%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281890%E2%80%931891%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281890%E2%80%931891%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281890%E2%80%931891%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> New York City </td> <td data-sort-value="Steinitz, Wilhelm"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281890%E2%80%931891%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281890%E2%80%931891%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281890%E2%80%931891%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281890%E2%80%931891%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281890%E2%80%931891%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281890%E2%80%931891%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> Wilhelm Steinitz (3) </td> <td style="text-align:center">10½‍–‍8½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Gunsberg, Isidor"><a href="/wiki/Lands_of_the_Crown_of_Saint_Stephen" title="Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen"><img alt="Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Flag_of_the_common_ministries_of_the_Lands_of_the_Holy_Hungarian_Crown_%281896-1915%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_common_ministries_of_the_Lands_of_the_Holy_Hungarian_Crown_%281896-1915%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Flag_of_the_common_ministries_of_the_Lands_of_the_Holy_Hungarian_Crown_%281896-1915%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_common_ministries_of_the_Lands_of_the_Holy_Hungarian_Crown_%281896-1915%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Flag_of_the_common_ministries_of_the_Lands_of_the_Holy_Hungarian_Crown_%281896-1915%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_common_ministries_of_the_Lands_of_the_Holy_Hungarian_Crown_%281896-1915%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Gunsberg" title="Isidor Gunsberg">Isidor Gunsberg</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1892" title="World Chess Championship 1892">1892</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire"><img alt="Spanish Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> Havana </td> <td data-sort-value="Steinitz, Wilhelm"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> Wilhelm Steinitz (4) </td> <td style="text-align:center">10‍–‍10<div style="border-bottom:1px dashed #a3a9b0; margin-top:0.2em; margin-bottom:0.2em;"></div>2½‍–‍½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Chigorin, Mikhail"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Mikhail Chigorin </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKažić1974208–211-18">[17]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1894" title="World Chess Championship 1894">1894</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> New York City (1–8)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> (9–11)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Canada_%281868%E2%80%931921%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%281868%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Canada_%281868%E2%80%931921%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%281868%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Canada_%281868%E2%80%931921%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%281868%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" class="mw-redirect" title="Montréal">Montréal</a> (12–19)</li></ul> </td> <td data-sort-value="Lasker, Emanuel"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire"><img alt="German Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Lasker" title="Emanuel Lasker">Emanuel Lasker</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">12‍–‍7 </td> <td data-sort-value="Steinitz, Wilhelm"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> Wilhelm Steinitz </td> <td rowspan="2">First to 10 wins </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1896%E2%80%931897" title="World Chess Championship 1896–1897">1896–1897</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Lasker, Emanuel"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire"><img alt="German Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Emanuel Lasker (2) </td> <td style="text-align:center">12½‍–‍4½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Steinitz, Wilhelm"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> Wilhelm Steinitz </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKažić1974213-20">[19]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1907" title="World Chess Championship 1907">1907</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> New York City (1–6, 15)</li><li>Philadelphia (7–8)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> (9)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> (10)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> (11)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a> (12–14)</li></ul> </td> <td data-sort-value="Lasker, Emanuel"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire"><img alt="German Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Emanuel Lasker (3) </td> <td style="text-align:center">11½‍–‍3½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Marshall, Frank"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281896%E2%80%931908%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Marshall_(chess_player)" title="Frank Marshall (chess player)">Frank Marshall</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">First to 8 wins </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1908" title="World Chess Championship 1908">1908</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire"><img alt="German Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a> (1–4)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> (5–16)</li></ul> </td> <td data-sort-value="Lasker, Emanuel"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire"><img alt="German Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Emanuel Lasker (4) </td> <td style="text-align:center">10½‍–‍5½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Tarrasch, Siegbert"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire"><img alt="German Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Siegbert_Tarrasch" title="Siegbert Tarrasch">Siegbert Tarrasch</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-sort-value="1910-01"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1910_(Lasker%E2%80%93Schlechter)" title="World Chess Championship 1910 (Lasker–Schlechter)">Jan–Feb 1910</a>‡ </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary"><img alt="Austria-Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> (1–5)</li><li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire"><img alt="German Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> (6–10)</li></ul> </td> <td data-sort-value="Lasker, Emanuel"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire"><img alt="German Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Emanuel Lasker (5) </td> <td style="text-align:center">5‍–‍5 </td> <td data-sort-value="Schlechter, Carl"><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary"><img alt="Austria-Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Schlechter" title="Carl Schlechter">Carl Schlechter</a> </td> <td>Best of 10 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKažić1974216-23">[22]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" data-sort-value="1910-11"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1910_(Lasker%E2%80%93Janowski)" title="World Chess Championship 1910 (Lasker–Janowski)">Nov–Dec 1910</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Berlin </td> <td data-sort-value="Lasker, Emanuel"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Emanuel Lasker (6) </td> <td style="text-align:center">9½‍–‍1½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Janowski, Dawid"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dawid_Janowski" title="Dawid Janowski">Dawid Janowski</a> </td> <td>First to 8 wins </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKažić1974217Wilson1975151-24">[23]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1921" title="World Chess Championship 1921">1921</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba"><img alt="Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Cuba_%28sky_blue%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba_%28sky_blue%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Cuba_%28sky_blue%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba_%28sky_blue%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Cuba_%28sky_blue%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba_%28sky_blue%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Havana </td> <td data-sort-value="Capablanca, José Raúl"><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba"><img alt="Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Cuba_%28sky_blue%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba_%28sky_blue%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Cuba_%28sky_blue%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba_%28sky_blue%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Cuba_%28sky_blue%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba_%28sky_blue%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Capablanca" title="José Raúl Capablanca">José Raúl Capablanca</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">9‍–‍5 </td> <td data-sort-value="Lasker, Emanuel"><a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic"><img alt="Weimar Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Emanuel Lasker </td> <td>Best of 24 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKažić1974217–218-25">[24]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1927" title="World Chess Championship 1927">1927</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Alekhine, Alexander"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Alekhine" title="Alexander Alekhine">Alexander Alekhine</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">18½‍–‍15½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Capablanca, José Raúl"><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba"><img alt="Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Cuba_%28sky_blue%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba_%28sky_blue%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Cuba_%28sky_blue%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba_%28sky_blue%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Cuba_%28sky_blue%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba_%28sky_blue%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> José Raúl Capablanca </td> <td>First to 6 wins </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKažić1974219–220-26">[25]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1929" title="World Chess Championship 1929">1929</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire"><img alt="German Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a> (1–8, 24–25)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a> (9–11)</li><li>Berlin (12–17)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a> (18–19, 23)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a> (20)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> (21–22)</li></ul> </td> <td data-sort-value="Alekhine, Alexander"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Alexander Alekhine (2) </td> <td style="text-align:center">15½‍–‍9½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Bogoljubow, Efim"><a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic"><img alt="Weimar Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Efim_Bogoljubow" title="Efim Bogoljubow">Efim Bogoljubow</a> </td> <td rowspan="4">First to both 6 wins and 15 points </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerhoevenSkinner1998364–371-27">[26]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1934" title="World Chess Championship 1934">1934</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Germany_%281933%E2%80%931935%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281933%E2%80%931935%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Germany_%281933%E2%80%931935%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281933%E2%80%931935%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Germany_%281933%E2%80%931935%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281933%E2%80%931935%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a> 12 cities<a href="#cite_note-28">[A]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Alekhine, Alexander"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Alexander Alekhine (3) </td> <td style="text-align:center">15½‍–‍10½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Bogoljubow, Efim"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Efim Bogoljubow </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerhoevenSkinner1998489–491-29">[27]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1935" title="World Chess Championship 1935">1935</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> 12 cities<a href="#cite_note-30">[B]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Euwe, Max"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Max_Euwe" title="Max Euwe">Max Euwe</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">15½‍–‍14½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Alekhine, Alexander"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Alexander Alekhine </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-31">[28]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1937" title="World Chess Championship 1937">1937</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> 9 cities<a href="#cite_note-32">[C]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Alekhine, Alexander"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Alexander Alekhine (4) </td> <td style="text-align:center">15½‍–‍9½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Euwe, Max"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Max Euwe </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-33">[29]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" data-sort-value="zzz"><a href="/wiki/Interregnum_of_World_Chess_Champions" title="Interregnum of World Chess Champions">Title vacant</a> from 1946 to 1948, following the death of Alekhine. </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-upper-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist cslist-embedded"><li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Germany_%281933%E2%80%931935%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281933%E2%80%931935%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Germany_%281933%E2%80%931935%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281933%E2%80%931935%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Germany_%281933%E2%80%931935%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281933%E2%80%931935%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Baden-Baden" title="Baden-Baden">Baden-Baden</a> (1–3)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Villingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Villingen">Villingen</a> (4–5)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Freiburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Freiburg">Freiburg</a> (6–8)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Pforzheim" title="Pforzheim">Pforzheim</a> (9–10)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a> (11–12)</li><li>Munich (13–15)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Bayreuth" title="Bayreuth">Bayreuth</a> (16)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Kissingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kissingen">Kissingen</a> (17–18)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a> (19–20)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a> (21)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a> (22–24)</li><li>Berlin (25–26)</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist cslist-embedded"><li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Amsterdam (1–3, 8–9, 12–13, 18, 20, 23, 25–26, 28–30)</li><li>The Hague (4, 6, 11, 22, 27)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Delft" title="Delft">Delft</a> (5, 24)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Utrecht" title="Utrecht">Utrecht</a> (7)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Gouda,_South_Holland" title="Gouda, South Holland">Gouda</a> (10)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Groningen" title="Groningen">Groningen</a> (14)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Baarn" title="Baarn">Baarn</a> (15)</li><li><a href="/wiki/%27s-Hertogenbosch" title="'s-Hertogenbosch">'s-Hertogenbosch</a> (16)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Eindhoven" title="Eindhoven">Eindhoven</a> (17)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Zeist" title="Zeist">Zeist</a> (19)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ermelo,_Netherlands" title="Ermelo, Netherlands">Ermelo</a> (21)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Zandvoort" title="Zandvoort">Zandvoort</a> (26)</li></ul>. Game 26 began on one day in Zandvoort, and was finished on a later day in Amsterdam. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist cslist-embedded"><li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> The Hague (1, 5, 9–10, 17–18, 25)</li><li>Rotterdam (2, 7, 15–16, 23–24)</li><li>Amsterdam (3–4, 12–13, 20–21)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Haarlem" title="Haarlem">Haarlem</a> (6)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a> (8)</li><li>Groningen (11)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Zwolle" title="Zwolle">Zwolle</a> (14)</li><li>Eindhoven (19)</li><li>Delft (22)</li></ul> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="FIDE_World_Championships_(1948–1990)">FIDE World Championships (1948–1990)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_Chess_Championships&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: FIDE World Championships (1948–1990)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Max_Euwe,_wife_and_Karpov_1976.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Anatoly Karpov, Max Euwe, and Max Euwe's wife Caro Bergman posing for a photo together. Karpov and Euwe are wearing business suits and ties, while Bergman is wearing a silken shirt and a pearl necklace." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Max_Euwe%2C_wife_and_Karpov_1976.jpg/220px-Max_Euwe%2C_wife_and_Karpov_1976.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Max_Euwe%2C_wife_and_Karpov_1976.jpg/330px-Max_Euwe%2C_wife_and_Karpov_1976.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Max_Euwe%2C_wife_and_Karpov_1976.jpg/440px-Max_Euwe%2C_wife_and_Karpov_1976.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2942" data-file-height="2335" /></a><figcaption>From right to left: World Champion Anatoly Karpov, former World Champion and FIDE President Max Euwe, and Euwe's wife Caro Bergman. Photo taken in 1976.</figcaption></figure> In 1946, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Alekhine" title="Alexander Alekhine">Alexander Alekhine</a> died while still holding the title of World Chess Champion. The <a href="/wiki/International_Chess_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="International Chess Federation">International Chess Federation</a> (FIDE), which had been founded in 1924, had been attempting to directly participate in organizing the World Championship since at least 1935. By the late 1940s, around half of the plausible contenders for the World Championship were <a href="/wiki/Soviet" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet">Soviet</a> citizens, and in 1947, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Chess_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Chess Federation">Soviet Chess Federation</a> joined FIDE after decades of declining to do so. FIDE based the <a href="/wiki/1948_World_Chess_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 World Chess Championship">1948 World Chess Championship</a> on the 1938 <a href="/wiki/AVRO_tournament" class="mw-redirect" title="AVRO tournament">AVRO tournament</a> that had been organized in part to select a challenger for Alekhine. The tournament ultimately featured five players, three of them Soviet citizens—including the winner, <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Botvinnik" title="Mikhail Botvinnik">Mikhail Botvinnik</a>. Botvinnik would go on to win or retain in four further championship matches. At the same time, FIDE established the rules for the championship going forward. It would be organized around a 3-year cycle, during which a series of <a href="/wiki/Interzonal_chess_tournaments" title="Interzonal chess tournaments">Zonal and Interzonal tournaments</a> would be held, with their highest-scoring performers invited to a <a href="/wiki/Candidates_Tournament" title="Candidates Tournament">Candidates Tournament</a>. The winner of the this tournament would in turn play the champion in a match for the title. A defeated champion was entitled to a rematch the following year, after which the 3-year cycle would resume; Botvinnik benefited from this rule twice, in 1958 and 1961.<a href="#cite_note-34">[30]</a> With the exception of the American <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer">Bobby Fischer</a> in 1972, Soviet citizens won every championship from 1948 until the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a> in 1991. With the further exception of <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Korchnoi" title="Viktor Korchnoi">Viktor Korchnoi</a>, who had defected from the USSR in 1976, each challenger was also a Soviet citizen. Following <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1972" title="World Chess Championship 1972">his victory</a>, Fischer never played another game organized by FIDE. Disagreements between the two parties—which included Fischer's insistence on a format that required the victor to get a certain number of wins, as opposed to the number of games in a match being fixed—led to his forfeiting the title in 1975. In the absence of a match, FIDE declared <a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Karpov" title="Anatoly Karpov">Anatoly Karpov</a>, winner of the 1974 Candidates Tournament, to be the World Chess Champion by default.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlisetskyVoronkov1994363–366-35">[31]</a> While the issue had played a role in Fischer's forfeit, FIDE ultimately did change the match format going forward, such that the first to win 6 games would be champion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlisetskyVoronkov1994365-36">[32]</a> Under these rules, Karpov twice defended his title against Korchnoi. The <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1984%E2%80%931985" title="World Chess Championship 1984–1985">next match</a>—which began in September 1984 and featured the 21-year-old <a href="/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" title="Garry Kasparov">Garry Kasparov</a> as Karpov's challenger—ultimately saw 48 games played over the span of five months, with neither player able to get to 6 wins. In an unprecedented step, FIDE president <a href="/wiki/Florencio_Campomanes" title="Florencio Campomanes">Florencio Campomanes</a> stepped in and declared the match to have ended with no result. A <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1985" title="World Chess Championship 1985">new match</a>, which would revert to having a set number of games, was to be played later in 1985. After nearly being knocked out early in 1984, Kasparov defeated Karpov in their rematch. Over the following decade, the two would play three more championship matches, with Kasparov narrowly retaining the title in each.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinter1988-37">[33]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1152813436">FIDE World Championships (1948–1990) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Date</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Location </th> <th scope="col">Winner</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Score </th> <th scope="col">Runner-up </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Format</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="Reference">Ref</abbr> </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#ffc"> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#ffc"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1948" title="World Chess Championship 1948">1948</a>† </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a> (1–10)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> (11–20)</li></ul> </td> <td data-sort-value="Botvinnik, Mikhail"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Botvinnik" title="Mikhail Botvinnik">Mikhail Botvinnik</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">14‍–‍6<a href="#cite_note-38">[a]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Smyslov, Vasily"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Smyslov" title="Vasily Smyslov">Vasily Smyslov</a> </td> <td>Quintuple round-robin tournament with 5 players </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorowitz1973120–136Kažić1974224-39">[34]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1951" title="World Chess Championship 1951">1951</a>‡ </th> <td rowspan="9"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Moscow </td> <td data-sort-value="Botvinnik, Mikhail"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> Mikhail Botvinnik (2) </td> <td style="text-align:center">12‍–‍12 </td> <td data-sort-value="Bronstein, David"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/David_Bronstein" title="David Bronstein">David Bronstein</a> </td> <td rowspan="11" data-sort-value="24">Best of 24 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKažić1974225-40">[35]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1954" title="World Chess Championship 1954">1954</a>‡ </th> <td data-sort-value="Botvinnik, Mikhail"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> Mikhail Botvinnik (3) </td> <td style="text-align:center">12‍–‍12 </td> <td data-sort-value="Smyslov, Vasily"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> Vasily Smyslov </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKažić1974226-41">[36]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1957" title="World Chess Championship 1957">1957</a> </th> <td data-sort-value="Smyslov, Vasily"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Vasily Smyslov </td> <td style="text-align:center">12½‍–‍9½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Botvinnik, Mikhail"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Mikhail Botvinnik </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKažić1974227-42">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1958" title="World Chess Championship 1958">1958</a> </th> <td data-sort-value="Botvinnik, Mikhail"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Mikhail Botvinnik (4) </td> <td style="text-align:center">12½‍–‍10½ </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Vasily Smyslov </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKažić1974227-42">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1960" title="World Chess Championship 1960">1960</a> </th> <td data-sort-value="Tal, Mikhail"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Tal" title="Mikhail Tal">Mikhail Tal</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">12½‍–‍8½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Botvinnik, Mikhail"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Mikhail Botvinnik </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKažić1974228-43">[38]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1961" title="World Chess Championship 1961">1961</a> </th> <td data-sort-value="Botvinnik, Mikhail"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Mikhail Botvinnik (5) </td> <td style="text-align:center">13‍–‍8 </td> <td data-sort-value="Tal, Mikhail"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Mikhail Tal </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKažić1974229-44">[39]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1963" title="World Chess Championship 1963">1963</a> </th> <td data-sort-value="Petrosian, Tigran"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tigran_Petrosian" title="Tigran Petrosian">Tigran Petrosian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">12½‍–‍9½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Botvinnik, Mikhail"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Mikhail Botvinnik </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKažić1974230-45">[40]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1966" title="World Chess Championship 1966">1966</a> </th> <td data-sort-value="Petrosian, Tigran"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Tigran Petrosian (2) </td> <td style="text-align:center">12½‍–‍11½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Spassky, Boris"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Boris_Spassky" title="Boris Spassky">Boris Spassky</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKažić1974230–231-46">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1969" title="World Chess Championship 1969">1969</a> </th> <td data-sort-value="Spassky, Boris"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Boris Spassky </td> <td style="text-align:center">12½‍–‍10½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Petrosian, Tigran"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Tigran Petrosian </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKažić1974231-47">[42]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1972" title="World Chess Championship 1972">1972</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Fischer, Bobby"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer">Bobby Fischer</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">12½‍–‍8½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Spassky, Boris"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Boris Spassky </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKažić1974232–241-48">[43]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#ccc"> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#ccc"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1975" title="World Chess Championship 1975">1975</a># </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Karpov, Anatoly"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Karpov" title="Anatoly Karpov">Anatoly Karpov</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="vertical-align:middle;text-align:center" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="Fischer, Bobby"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> Bobby Fischer </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlisetskyVoronkov1994361–366-49">[44]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1978" title="World Chess Championship 1978">1978</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Baguio" title="Baguio">Baguio</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Karpov, Anatoly"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Anatoly Karpov (2) </td> <td style="text-align:center">16½‍–‍15½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Korchnoi, Viktor"><a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE"><img alt="FIDE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/FIDE_flag_icon.png/23px-FIDE_flag_icon.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/FIDE_flag_icon.png/35px-FIDE_flag_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/FIDE_flag_icon.png/46px-FIDE_flag_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Korchnoi" title="Viktor Korchnoi">Viktor Korchnoi</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">First to 6 wins </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinter1981169-50">[45]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1981" title="World Chess Championship 1981">1981</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Merano" title="Merano">Merano</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Karpov, Anatoly"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Anatoly Karpov (3) </td> <td style="text-align:center">11‍–‍7 </td> <td data-sort-value="Korchnoi, Viktor"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> Viktor Korchnoi </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-51">[46]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#cff" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1984%E2%80%931985" title="World Chess Championship 1984–1985">1984–1985</a>✻ </th> <td style="text-align:left" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Moscow </td> <td style="background-color:#cff" data-sort-value="Karpov, Anatoly"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Anatoly Karpov </td> <td style="text-align:center; background-color:#cff">25‍–‍23 </td> <td style="background-color:#cff" data-sort-value="Kasparov, Garry"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" title="Garry Kasparov">Garry Kasparov</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cff"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKasparov200854–254Winter1988-52">[47]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1985" title="World Chess Championship 1985">1985</a> </th> <td data-sort-value="Kasparov, Garry"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Garry Kasparov </td> <td style="text-align:center">13‍–‍11 </td> <td data-sort-value="Karpov, Anatoly"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Anatoly Karpov </td> <td rowspan="4">Best of 24 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKasparov2008277–419-53">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1986" title="World Chess Championship 1986">1986</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Moscow (1–12)</li><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> (13–24)</li></ul> </td> <td data-sort-value="Kasparov, Garry"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Garry Kasparov (2) </td> <td style="text-align:center">12½‍–‍11½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Karpov, Anatoly"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Anatoly Karpov </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKasparov200921–237-54">[49]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1987" title="World Chess Championship 1987">1987</a>‡ </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Kasparov, Garry"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Garry Kasparov (3) </td> <td style="text-align:center">12‍–‍12 </td> <td data-sort-value="Karpov, Anatoly"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Anatoly Karpov </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKasparov2009238–428-55">[50]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1990" title="World Chess Championship 1990">1990</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> (1–12)</li><li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> (13–24)</li></ul> </td> <td data-sort-value="Kasparov, Garry"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Garry Kasparov (4) </td> <td style="text-align:center">12½‍–‍11½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Karpov, Anatoly"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> Anatoly Karpov </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKasparov201081–282-56">[51]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist cslist-embedded"><li>3‍–‍2 Smyslov</li><li>4‍–‍1 <a href="/wiki/Paul_Keres" title="Paul Keres">Keres</a></li><li>3½‍–‍1½ <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Reshevsky" title="Samuel Reshevsky">Reshevsky</a></li><li>3½‍–‍1½ <a href="/wiki/Euwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Euwe">Euwe</a></li></ul> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Split_title_(1993–2006)">Split title (1993–2006)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_Chess_Championships&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Split title (1993–2006)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kasparov-10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Garry Kasparov and Viswanathan Anand both sitting down at a chessboard at the beginning of a game. Both men are wearing suits and ties. Behind them is a tall railing, and a view of most of Midtown Manhattan. Anand has the White pieces, and Kasparov has the Black pieces." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Kasparov-10.jpg/220px-Kasparov-10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Kasparov-10.jpg/330px-Kasparov-10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Kasparov-10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="423" data-file-height="314" /></a><figcaption>Play between Garry Kasparov (left) and Viswanathan Anand (right) in the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)#Top_of_the_World_observation_deck" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">Top of the World observation deck</a> of 2 World Trade Center during the <a href="/wiki/PCA_World_Chess_Championship_1995" class="mw-redirect" title="PCA World Chess Championship 1995">1995 PCA World Chess Championship</a></figcaption></figure> In 1993, following <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Short" title="Nigel Short">Nigel Short</a>'s victory in the Candidates Tournament, FIDE president Campomanes announced that <a href="/wiki/1993_World_Chess_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="1993 World Chess Championship">that year's Championship</a> would take place in <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, England. Both Kasparov and Short claimed that FIDE had made this decision without consulting either player, in violation of FIDE's regulations regarding the championship. Kasparov and Short responded by splitting from FIDE and forming the <a href="/wiki/Professional_Chess_Association" title="Professional Chess Association">Professional Chess Association</a> (PCA),<a href="#cite_note-57">[52]</a> which organized a World Championship match between the two, played in London later that year. Meanwhile, FIDE stripped Kasparov of his title and organized a championship match between Karpov and <a href="/wiki/Jan_Timman" title="Jan Timman">Jan Timman</a>, who had finished second and third in the Candidates Tournament.<a href="#cite_note-58">[53]</a> For the 13 years between 1993 and 2006, there were two rival titles. While the PCA itself would fold after only a couple of years, Kasparov would retain what is referred to as "Classical" title, which would be inherited by <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Kramnik" title="Vladimir Kramnik">Vladimir Kramnik</a> upon defeating Kasparov in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-59">[54]</a> Meanwhile, FIDE once again began experimenting with the championship format. Beginning with the <a href="/wiki/FIDE_World_Chess_Championship_1998" title="FIDE World Chess Championship 1998">1998 championship</a>, the system of Zonal, Interzonal, Candidates, and Championship stages was replaced with one single-elimination tournament featuring dozens of players competing for the championship. For the <a href="/wiki/FIDE_World_Chess_Championship_1999" title="FIDE World Chess Championship 1999">next event in 1999</a>, the incumbent World Champion would not automatically qualify for the finals. Due to this additional change, Karpov—who had won three additional titles during the schism—declined to participate going forward. Each of the four Classical Championships retained a traditional match format.<a href="#cite_note-60">[55]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Classical World Chess Championships (1993–2006) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Date</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Location </th> <th scope="col">Winner</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Score </th> <th scope="col">Runner-up </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Format</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="Reference">Ref</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1993" title="World Chess Championship 1993">1993</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Kasparov, Garry"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" title="Garry Kasparov">Garry Kasparov</a> (5) </td> <td style="text-align:center">12½‍–‍7½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Short, Nigel"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Short" title="Nigel Short">Nigel Short</a> </td> <td>Best of 24 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-61">[56]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Classical_World_Chess_Championship_1995" title="Classical World Chess Championship 1995">1995</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Kasparov, Garry"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Garry Kasparov (6) </td> <td style="text-align:center">10½‍–‍7½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Anand, Viswanathan"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Viswanathan_Anand" title="Viswanathan Anand">Viswanathan Anand</a> </td> <td>Best of 20 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-62">[57]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Classical_World_Chess_Championship_2000" title="Classical World Chess Championship 2000">2000</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> London </td> <td data-sort-value="Kramnik, Vladimir"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Kramnik" title="Vladimir Kramnik">Vladimir Kramnik</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">8½‍–‍6½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Kasparov, Garry"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Garry Kasparov </td> <td>Best of 16 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBareevLevitov200729–172-63">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Classical_World_Chess_Championship_2004" title="Classical World Chess Championship 2004">2004</a>‡ </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Brissago" title="Brissago">Brissago</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Kramnik, Vladimir"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Vladimir Kramnik (2) </td> <td style="text-align:center">7‍–‍7 </td> <td data-sort-value="Leko, Peter"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Leko" title="Peter Leko">Peter Leko</a> </td> <td>Best of 14 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBareevLevitov2007173–300-64">[59]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>FIDE World Chess Championships (1993–2006) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Date</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Location </th> <th scope="col">Winner</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Score </th> <th scope="col">Runner-up </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Format</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="Reference">Ref</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1993" title="World Chess Championship 1993">1993</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Zwolle" title="Zwolle">Zwolle</a> (1–3)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Arnhem" title="Arnhem">Arnhem</a> (4–6)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> (7–12)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a> (13–24)</li></ul> </td> <td data-sort-value="Karpov, Anatoly"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Russia_%281991%E2%80%931993%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Karpov" title="Anatoly Karpov">Anatoly Karpov</a> (4) </td> <td style="text-align:center">12½‍–‍8½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Timman, Jan"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jan_Timman" title="Jan Timman">Jan Timman</a> </td> <td>Best of 24 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-65">[60]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/FIDE_World_Chess_Championship_1996" title="FIDE World Chess Championship 1996">1996</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Karpov, Anatoly"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Anatoly Karpov (5) </td> <td style="text-align:center">10½‍–‍7½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Kamsky, Gata"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gata_Kamsky" title="Gata Kamsky">Gata Kamsky</a> </td> <td>Best of 20 </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-66">[61]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#ffc"> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#ffc"><a href="/wiki/FIDE_World_Chess_Championship_1998" title="FIDE World Chess Championship 1998">1998</a>† </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Karpov, Anatoly"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Anatoly Karpov (6) </td> <td style="text-align:center">3‍–‍3<div style="border-bottom:1px dashed #a3a9b0; margin-top:0.2em; margin-bottom:0.2em;"></div>2‍–‍0 <a href="#cite_note-67">[a]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Anand, Viswanathan"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Viswanathan_Anand" title="Viswanathan Anand">Viswanathan Anand</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">Single-elimination tournament with 100 players </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-68">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#ffc"> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#ffc"><a href="/wiki/FIDE_World_Chess_Championship_1999" title="FIDE World Chess Championship 1999">1999</a>† </th> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Khalifman, Alexander"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Khalifman" title="Alexander Khalifman">Alexander Khalifman</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">18½‍–‍11½ <a href="#cite_note-69">[b]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Akopian, Vladimir"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Akopian" title="Vladimir Akopian">Vladimir Akopian</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-70">[63]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#ffc"> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#ffc"><a href="/wiki/FIDE_World_Chess_Championship_2000" title="FIDE World Chess Championship 2000">2000</a>† </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist"><li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> (rounds 1–6)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> (round 7)</li></ul> </td> <td data-sort-value="Anand, Viswanathan"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Viswanathan Anand </td> <td style="text-align:center">14‍–‍6 <a href="#cite_note-71">[c]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Shirov, Alexei"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Shirov" title="Alexei Shirov">Alexei Shirov</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-72">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#ffc"> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#ffc"><a href="/wiki/FIDE_World_Chess_Championship_2002" title="FIDE World Chess Championship 2002">2002</a>† </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Ponomariov, Ruslan"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Ponomariov" title="Ruslan Ponomariov">Ruslan Ponomariov</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">19‍–‍9 <a href="#cite_note-73">[d]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Ivanchuk, Vasyl"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vasyl_Ivanchuk" title="Vasyl Ivanchuk">Vasyl Ivanchuk</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:left">Single-elimination tournament with 128 players </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-74">[65]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#ffc"> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#ffc"><a href="/wiki/FIDE_World_Chess_Championship_2004" title="FIDE World Chess Championship 2004">2004</a>† </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya"><img alt="Libya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Kasimdzhanov, Rustam"><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan"><img alt="Uzbekistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rustam_Kasimdzhanov" title="Rustam Kasimdzhanov">Rustam Kasimdzhanov</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">20‍–‍10 <a href="#cite_note-75">[e]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Adams, Michael"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Adams_(chess_player)" title="Michael Adams (chess player)">Michael Adams</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-76">[66]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#ffc"> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#ffc"><a href="/wiki/FIDE_World_Chess_Championship_2005" title="FIDE World Chess Championship 2005">2005</a>† </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Potrero_de_los_Funes" class="mw-redirect" title="Potrero de los Funes">Potrero de los Funes</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Topalov, Veselin"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Veselin_Topalov" title="Veselin Topalov">Veselin Topalov</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">10‍–‍4 <a href="#cite_note-77">[f]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Anand, Viswanathan"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Viswanathan Anand </td> <td>Double round-robin tournament with 8 players </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-78">[67]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> Karpov was automatically seeded into the final round: a best of 6, with tiebreaks as needed. </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist cslist-embedded"><li>3½‍–‍2½ <a href="/wiki/Dibyendu_Barua" title="Dibyendu Barua">Barua</a></li><li>2½‍–‍1½ Kamsky</li><li>1½‍–‍½ <a href="/wiki/Asrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Asrian">Asrian</a></li><li>2½‍–‍1½ <a href="/wiki/Boris_Gelfand" title="Boris Gelfand">Gelfand</a></li><li>1½‍–‍½ <a href="/wiki/Judit_Polg%C3%A1r" title="Judit Polgár">Polgár</a></li><li>3½‍–‍2½ <a href="/wiki/Nisipeanu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nisipeanu">Nisipeanu</a></li><li>3½‍–‍2½ Akopian</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> Anand had a <a href="/wiki/Bye_(sports)" title="Bye (sports)">bye</a> in the first round. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist cslist-embedded"><li>1½‍–‍½ <a href="/wiki/Victor_Bologan" title="Victor Bologan">Bologan</a></li><li>1½‍–‍½ <a href="/wiki/Lputian" class="mw-redirect" title="Lputian">Lputian</a></li><li>1½‍–‍½ <a href="/wiki/Macieja" class="mw-redirect" title="Macieja">Macieja</a></li><li>3½‍–‍2½ Khalifman</li><li>2½‍–‍1½ <a href="/wiki/Michael_Adams_(chess_player)" title="Michael Adams (chess player)">Adams</a></li><li>3½‍–‍½ Shirov</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist cslist-embedded"><li>1½‍–‍½ <a href="/wiki/Li_Wenliang_(chess_player)" title="Li Wenliang (chess player)">Li</a></li><li>3‍–‍1 <a href="/wiki/Tiviakov" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiviakov">Tiviakov</a></li><li>2‍–‍0 <a href="/wiki/Kiril_Georgiev" title="Kiril Georgiev">Georgiev</a></li><li>2½‍–‍1½ <a href="/wiki/Morozevich" class="mw-redirect" title="Morozevich">Morozevich</a></li><li>3‍–‍1 <a href="/wiki/Bareev" class="mw-redirect" title="Bareev">Bareev</a></li><li>2½‍–‍1½ <a href="/wiki/Svidler" class="mw-redirect" title="Svidler">Svidler</a></li><li>4½‍–‍2½ Ivanchuk</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist cslist-embedded"><li>2½‍–‍1½ <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Ram%C3%ADrez_(chess_player)" title="Alejandro Ramírez (chess player)">Ramírez</a></li><li>1½‍–‍½ <a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Ghaem_Maghami" title="Ehsan Ghaem Maghami">Ghaem Maghami</a></li><li>2½‍–‍1½ Ivanchuk</li><li>2‍–‍0 <a href="/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n_Alm%C3%A1si" title="Zoltán Almási">Almási</a></li><li>3‍–‍1 <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Grischuk" title="Alexander Grischuk">Grischuk</a></li><li>4‍–‍2 <a href="/wiki/Veselin_Topalov" title="Veselin Topalov">Topalov</a></li><li>4½‍–‍3½ Adams</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist cslist-embedded"><li>1‍–‍1 Anand</li><li>1½‍–‍½ Svidler</li><li>1½‍–‍½ Morozevich</li><li>1½‍–‍½ <a href="/wiki/Peter_Leko" title="Peter Leko">Leko</a></li><li>1½‍–‍½ Kasimdzhanov</li><li>1½‍–‍½ Adams</li><li>1½‍–‍½ Polgár</li></ul> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="FIDE_World_Championships_(2006–present)">FIDE World Championships (2006–present)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_Chess_Championships&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: FIDE World Championships (2006–present)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Chess_Championship_2021,_game_11,_Ian_Nepomniachtchi_and_Magnus_Carlsen_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ian Nepomniachtchi and Magnus Carlsen both sitting down at a chessboard during a game. Both men are wearing suits and ties. Both the table they are sitting at and the walls around them bear numerous logos of the event sponsors. Nepomniachtchi has the White pieces, and Carlsen has the Black pieces." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/World_Chess_Championship_2021%2C_game_11%2C_Ian_Nepomniachtchi_and_Magnus_Carlsen_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-World_Chess_Championship_2021%2C_game_11%2C_Ian_Nepomniachtchi_and_Magnus_Carlsen_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/World_Chess_Championship_2021%2C_game_11%2C_Ian_Nepomniachtchi_and_Magnus_Carlsen_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-World_Chess_Championship_2021%2C_game_11%2C_Ian_Nepomniachtchi_and_Magnus_Carlsen_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/World_Chess_Championship_2021%2C_game_11%2C_Ian_Nepomniachtchi_and_Magnus_Carlsen_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-World_Chess_Championship_2021%2C_game_11%2C_Ian_Nepomniachtchi_and_Magnus_Carlsen_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="594" data-file-height="454" /></a><figcaption>Ian Nepomniachtchi (left) and Magnus Carlsen (right) beginning game 11 of the 2021 Championship</figcaption></figure> Following a period of negotiation, in 2006 the Classical Champion <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Kramnik" title="Vladimir Kramnik">Vladimir Kramnik</a> played a match against the FIDE Champion <a href="/wiki/Veselin_Topalov" title="Veselin Topalov">Veselin Topalov</a> to reunify the World Championship.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBareevLevitov2007176,_324–327-79">[68]</a> Since then, the championship has remained under the auspices of FIDE. The Candidates Tournament returned, and with the exception of the <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2007" title="World Chess Championship 2007">2007 tournament</a>, FIDE would return to a match format for the World Championship. Instead of the previous system of Zonals and Interzonals to provide candidates, the system was redesigned around the <a href="/wiki/Chess_World_Cup" title="Chess World Cup">Chess World Cup</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[69]</a> Later, means for selecting candidates would variously include the <a href="/wiki/FIDE_Grand_Prix" title="FIDE Grand Prix">FIDE Grand Prix</a>, the <a href="/wiki/FIDE_Grand_Swiss_Tournament" title="FIDE Grand Swiss Tournament">FIDE Grand Swiss Tournament</a>, selection by rating, and wild cards selected by the venue hosting the event.<a href="#cite_note-81">[70]</a> While shorter matches had taken place at various points, the block of 12 classical games was much shorter than matches had been for much of the 20th century. In the 2018 match, all 12 classical games resulted in draws for the first time in the history of the championship. Following this, the number of games was increased to 14.<a href="#cite_note-82">[71]</a> Citing a lack of motivation and interest in the format, incumbent five-time champion <a href="/wiki/Magnus_Carlsen" title="Magnus Carlsen">Magnus Carlsen</a> declined to defend his title in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-83">[72]</a> Instead, the match featured the two best performers in the Candidates, with <a href="/wiki/Ding_Liren" title="Ding Liren">Ding Liren</a> defeating <a href="/wiki/Ian_Nepomniachtchi" title="Ian Nepomniachtchi">Ian Nepomniachtchi</a> to become the new World Champion. Carlsen later declined his spot in the 2024 Candidates Tournament.<a href="#cite_note-84">[73]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1152813436">FIDE World Championships (2006–present) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Date</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Location </th> <th scope="col">Winner</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Score </th> <th scope="col">Runner-up </th> <th scope="col">Format</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="Reference">Ref</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2006" title="World Chess Championship 2006">2006</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Kramnik, Vladimir"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Kramnik" title="Vladimir Kramnik">Vladimir Kramnik</a> (3) </td> <td style="text-align:center">6‍–‍6<div style="border-bottom:1px dashed #a3a9b0; margin-top:0.2em; margin-bottom:0.2em;"></div>2½‍–‍1½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Topalov, Veselin"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Veselin_Topalov" title="Veselin Topalov">Veselin Topalov</a> </td> <td>Best of 12, tiebreaks if necessary </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBareevLevitov2007301–398-85">[74]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#ffc"> <th scope="row" style="background-color:#ffc"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2007" title="World Chess Championship 2007">2007</a>† </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Anand, Viswanathan"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Viswanathan_Anand" title="Viswanathan Anand">Viswanathan Anand</a> (2) </td> <td style="text-align:center">9‍–‍5 <a href="#cite_note-86">[a]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Kramnik, Vladimir"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Vladimir Kramnik </td> <td>Double round-robin tournament with 8 players </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-87">[75]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2008" title="World Chess Championship 2008">2008</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Anand, Viswanathan"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Viswanathan Anand (3) </td> <td style="text-align:center">6½‍–‍4½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Kramnik, Vladimir"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Vladimir Kramnik </td> <td rowspan="7">Best of 12, tiebreaks if necessary </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-88">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2010" title="World Chess Championship 2010">2010</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Anand, Viswanathan"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Viswanathan Anand (4) </td> <td style="text-align:center">6½‍–‍5½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Topalov, Veselin"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> Veselin Topalov </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-89">[77]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2012" title="World Chess Championship 2012">2012</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Anand, Viswanathan"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Viswanathan Anand (5) </td> <td style="text-align:center">6‍–‍6<div style="border-bottom:1px dashed #a3a9b0; margin-top:0.2em; margin-bottom:0.2em;"></div>2½‍–‍1½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Gelfand, Boris"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Boris_Gelfand" title="Boris Gelfand">Boris Gelfand</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-90">[78]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2013" title="World Chess Championship 2013">2013</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Carlsen, Magnus"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Magnus_Carlsen" title="Magnus Carlsen">Magnus Carlsen</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">6½‍–‍3½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Anand, Viswanathan"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Viswanathan Anand </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-91">[79]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2014" title="World Chess Championship 2014">2014</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sochi" title="Sochi">Sochi</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Carlsen, Magnus"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a> Magnus Carlsen (2) </td> <td style="text-align:center">6½‍–‍4½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Anand, Viswanathan"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Viswanathan Anand </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-92">[80]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2016" title="World Chess Championship 2016">2016</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Carlsen, Magnus"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a> Magnus Carlsen (3) </td> <td style="text-align:center">6‍–‍6<div style="border-bottom:1px dashed #a3a9b0; margin-top:0.2em; margin-bottom:0.2em;"></div>3‍–‍1 </td> <td data-sort-value="Karjakin, Sergey"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Karjakin" title="Sergey Karjakin">Sergey Karjakin</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-93">[81]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2018" title="World Chess Championship 2018">2018</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Carlsen, Magnus"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a> Magnus Carlsen (4) </td> <td style="text-align:center">6‍–‍6<div style="border-bottom:1px dashed #a3a9b0; margin-top:0.2em; margin-bottom:0.2em;"></div>3‍–‍0 </td> <td data-sort-value="Caruana, Fabiano"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Fabiano_Caruana" title="Fabiano Caruana">Fabiano Caruana</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-94">[82]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2021" title="World Chess Championship 2021">2021</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates"><img alt="United Arab Emirates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Carlsen, Magnus"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a> Magnus Carlsen (5) </td> <td style="text-align:center">7½‍–‍3½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Nepomniachtchi, Ian"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/CFR_Russia_chess_simplified_flag_infobox.svg/23px-CFR_Russia_chess_simplified_flag_infobox.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/CFR_Russia_chess_simplified_flag_infobox.svg/35px-CFR_Russia_chess_simplified_flag_infobox.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/CFR_Russia_chess_simplified_flag_infobox.svg/45px-CFR_Russia_chess_simplified_flag_infobox.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="201" /> <a href="/wiki/Ian_Nepomniachtchi" title="Ian Nepomniachtchi">Ian Nepomniachtchi</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">Best of 14, tiebreaks if necessary </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-95">[83]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2023" title="World Chess Championship 2023">2023</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="Ding, Liren"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ding_Liren" title="Ding Liren">Ding Liren</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">7‍–‍7<div style="border-bottom:1px dashed #a3a9b0; margin-top:0.2em; margin-bottom:0.2em;"></div>2½‍–‍1½ </td> <td data-sort-value="Nepomniachtchi, Ian"><a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE"><img alt="FIDE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/FIDE_flag_icon.png/23px-FIDE_flag_icon.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/FIDE_flag_icon.png/35px-FIDE_flag_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/FIDE_flag_icon.png/46px-FIDE_flag_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="60" /></a> Ian Nepomniachtchi </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-96">[84]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2024" title="World Chess Championship 2024">2024</a> </th> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/23px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/35px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/45px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> </td> <td colspan="3" data-sort-value="zzz"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> Ding Liren vs. <a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gukesh_Dommaraju" title="Gukesh Dommaraju">Gukesh Dommaraju</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-97">[85]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="cslist cslist-embedded"><li>1‍–‍1 Kramnik</li><li>1‍–‍1 <a href="/wiki/Boris_Gelfand" title="Boris Gelfand">Gelfand</a></li><li>1‍–‍1 <a href="/wiki/Peter_Leko" title="Peter Leko">Leko</a></li><li>1½‍–‍½ <a href="/wiki/Svidler" class="mw-redirect" title="Svidler">Svidler</a></li><li>1½‍–‍½ <a href="/wiki/Morozevich" class="mw-redirect" title="Morozevich">Morozevich</a></li><li>1½‍–‍½ <a href="/wiki/Aronian" class="mw-redirect" title="Aronian">Aronian</a></li><li>1½‍–‍½ <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Grischuk" title="Alexander Grischuk">Grischuk</a></li></ul> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unrecognized_championship_events">Unrecognized championship events</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_Chess_Championships&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Unrecognized championship events">edit</a>]</div> In 1909, amid discussions that would ultimately culminate with the <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1910_(Lasker%E2%80%93Janowski)" title="World Chess Championship 1910 (Lasker–Janowski)">World Championship match played the following year</a>, Emanuel Lasker played a casual match with Dawid Janowski in Paris. This was reported in later decades as being a World Championship match.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorowitz197364KeeneGoodman19866-98">[86]</a> However, research by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Winter_(chess_historian)" title="Edward Winter (chess historian)">Edward Winter</a> has demonstrated that the title was not at stake.<a href="#cite_note-99">[87]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"> <caption><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1152813436">Unrecognized championship events </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Date</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Location </th> <th scope="col">Winner</th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Score </th> <th scope="col">Runner-up </th> <th scope="col">Format </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1909 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire"><img alt="German Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Lasker" title="Emanuel Lasker">Emanuel Lasker</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center">8‍–‍2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dawid_Janowski" title="Dawid Janowski">Dawid Janowski</a> </td> <td>Best of 10, casual play </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_Chess_Championships&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fischer%E2%80%93Spassky_(1992_match)" title="Fischer–Spassky (1992 match)">Fischer–Spassky (1992 match)</a> – rematch between Bobby Fischer and Boris Spassky in Belgrade 20 years after their first match, considered by Fischer to be and billed as a World Chess Championship</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_Chess_Championships&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_Chess_Championships&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurray1913405-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMurray1913405_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMurray1913">Murray 1913</a>, p. 405. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurray1913774–779-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMurray1913774–779_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMurray1913">Murray 1913</a>, pp. 774–779. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurray1913845-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMurray1913845_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMurray1913">Murray 1913</a>, p. 845. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurray1913883-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMurray1913883_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMurray1913">Murray 1913</a>, p. 883. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline;"><ul style="display:inline;"><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;display:inline; margin:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1">Pope, Nick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chessarch.com/archive/1834_La_Bourdonnais-Macdonnell_Matches/index.shtml">"1834 La Bourdonnais–Macdonnell Matches"</a>. Chess Archaeology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230513130229/http://www.chessarch.com/archive/1834_La_Bourdonnais-Macdonnell_Matches/index.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1834+La+Bourdonnais%E2%80%93Macdonnell+Matches&rft.pub=Chess+Archaeology&rft.aulast=Pope&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chessarch.com%2Farchive%2F1834_La_Bourdonnais-Macdonnell_Matches%2Findex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;margin-top:.5em;"><a href="#CITEREFCapablanca1977">Capablanca 1977</a>, p. 47</li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><a href="#CITEREFSergeant1934">Sergeant 1934</a>, p. 39, "Labourdonnais by his victory might fairly be entitled to call himself the leading player of the world"</li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline;"><ul style="display:inline;"><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;display:inline; margin:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWall2007" class="citation web cs1">Wall, Bill (16 August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chess.com/article/view/staunton-beats-a-saint">"Staunton Beats a Saint"</a>. Chess.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230205201210/https://www.chess.com/article/view/staunton-beats-a-saint">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chess.com&rft.atitle=Staunton+Beats+a+Saint&rft.date=2007-08-16&rft.aulast=Wall&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chess.com%2Farticle%2Fview%2Fstaunton-beats-a-saint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;margin-top:.5em;"><a href="#CITEREFHorowitz1973">Horowitz 1973</a>, p. 3</li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;"><a href="#CITEREFHarding2012">Harding 2012</a>, pp. 43–46</li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline;"><ul style="display:inline;"><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;display:inline; margin:0;"><a href="#CITEREFHorowitz1973">Horowitz 1973</a>, p. 4</li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;margin-top:.5em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaunton1852" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Staunton" title="Howard Staunton">Staunton, Howard</a> (1852). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_SUCAAAAYAAJ">The Chess Tournament: A Collection of the Games Played at this Celebrated Assemblage, Illustrated by Copious Diagrams, and Notes, Critical and Explanatory</a>. H. G. Bohn. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3561640">3561640</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chess+Tournament%3A+A+Collection+of+the+Games+Played+at+this+Celebrated+Assemblage%2C+Illustrated+by+Copious+Diagrams%2C+and+Notes%2C+Critical+and+Explanatory&rft.pub=H.+G.+Bohn&rft.date=1852&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3561640&rft.aulast=Staunton&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_SUCAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline;"><ul style="display:inline;"><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;display:inline; margin:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawson2010" class="citation book cs1">Lawson, David (2010). Aiello, Thomas (ed.). Paul Morphy, The Pride and Sorrow of Chess. Lafayette: University of Louisiana Press. p. 172. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-887366-97-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-887366-97-7"><bdi>978-1-887366-97-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paul+Morphy%2C+The+Pride+and+Sorrow+of+Chess&rft.place=Lafayette&rft.pages=172&rft.pub=University+of+Louisiana+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-887366-97-7&rft.aulast=Lawson&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;margin-top:.5em;"><a href="#CITEREFHorowitz1973">Horowitz 1973</a>, pp. 5–6, 15–16</li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHorowitz1973">Horowitz 1973</a>, p. 16; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLöwenthal1864" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Johann_L%C3%B6wenthal" title="Johann Löwenthal">Löwenthal, Johann</a> (1864). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vO0IAAAAQAAJ">The Chess Congress of 1862</a>. H. G. Bohn. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/651260808">651260808</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chess+Congress+of+1862&rft.pub=H.+G.+Bohn&rft.date=1864&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F651260808&rft.aulast=L%C3%B6wenthal&rft.aufirst=Johann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvO0IAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline;"><ul style="display:inline;"><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;display:inline; margin:0;"><a href="#CITEREFCapablanca1977">Capablanca 1977</a>, p. 47</li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;margin-top:.5em;"><a href="#CITEREFMurray1913">Murray 1913</a>, p. 888, "But after 1860 the opinion that the Tournament was not the best way of discovering the strongest player of the day became general, and the match became the recognized test. It was as a result of his match with Wilhelm Steinitz, in 1866, which he lost by 6 games to 8, that Anderssen's supremacy is assumed to have come to an end."</li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline;"><ul style="display:inline;"><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;display:inline; margin:0;"><a href="#CITEREFWinter2023a">Winter 2023a</a></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;margin-top:.5em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433066639372&view=1up&seq=32">"The International Tournament of 1883"</a>. Chess Player's Chronicle. 27 June 1883. p. 26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chess+Player%27s+Chronicle&rft.atitle=The+International+Tournament+of+1883&rft.pages=26&rft.date=1883-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dnyp.33433066639372%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinter2023a-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinter2023a_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWinter2023a">Winter 2023a</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinter19549–10-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinter19549–10_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWinter1954">Winter 1954</a>, pp. 9–10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurray1913889-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMurray1913889_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMurray1913">Murray 1913</a>, p. 889. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKažić1974208–210-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKažić1974208–210_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKažić1974">Kažić 1974</a>, pp. 208–210. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">Pope, Nick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chessarch.com/archive/1894.03.15_Lasker-Steinitz/index.shtml">"1890 Gunsberg-Steinitz World Championship Match"</a>. Chess Archaeology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230309140202/http://www.chessarch.com/archive/1894.03.15_Lasker-Steinitz/index.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1890+Gunsberg-Steinitz+World+Championship+Match&rft.pub=Chess+Archaeology&rft.aulast=Pope&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchessarch.com%2Farchive%2F1894.03.15_Lasker-Steinitz%2Findex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKažić1974208–211-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKažić1974208–211_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKažić1974">Kažić 1974</a>, pp. 208–211. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">Pope, Nick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chessarch.com/archive/1894.03.15_Lasker-Steinitz/index.shtml">"1894 Lasker-Steinitz World Championship Match"</a>. Chess Archaeology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230309140202/http://www.chessarch.com/archive/1894.03.15_Lasker-Steinitz/index.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1894+Lasker-Steinitz+World+Championship+Match&rft.pub=Chess+Archaeology&rft.aulast=Pope&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchessarch.com%2Farchive%2F1894.03.15_Lasker-Steinitz%2Findex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKažić1974213-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKažić1974213_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKažić1974">Kažić 1974</a>, p. 213. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/free-press-prairie-farmer-world-chess-ch/138352103/">"The Championship Match"</a>. Free Press Prairie Farmer. 24 April 1907. p. 6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240109043059/https://www.newspapers.com/article/free-press-prairie-farmer-world-chess-ch/138352103/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2024. Retrieved 9 January 2024 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+Press+Prairie+Farmer&rft.atitle=The+Championship+Match&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1907-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Ffree-press-prairie-farmer-world-chess-ch%2F138352103%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTarrasch2021" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Siegbert_Tarrasch" title="Siegbert Tarrasch">Tarrasch, Siegbert</a> (2021) [1908]. Der Schachwettkampf Lasker-Tarrasch um die Weltmeisterschaft im August-September 1908 [The Lasker–Tarrasch chess competition for the world championship in August–September 1908] (in German). <a href="/wiki/De_Gruyter" title="De Gruyter">De Gruyter</a>. pp. 9–110. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783112515143">10.1515/9783112515143</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-251514-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-251514-3"><bdi>978-3-11-251514-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:244540032">244540032</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Der+Schachwettkampf+Lasker-Tarrasch+um+die+Weltmeisterschaft+im+August-September+1908&rft.pages=9-110&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A244540032%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783112515143&rft.isbn=978-3-11-251514-3&rft.aulast=Tarrasch&rft.aufirst=Siegbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKažić1974216-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKažić1974216_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKažić1974">Kažić 1974</a>, p. 216. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKažić1974217Wilson1975151-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKažić1974217Wilson1975151_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKažić1974">Kažić 1974</a>, p. 217; <a href="#CITEREFWilson1975">Wilson 1975</a>, p. 151. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKažić1974217–218-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKažić1974217–218_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKažić1974">Kažić 1974</a>, pp. 217–218. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKažić1974219–220-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKažić1974219–220_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKažić1974">Kažić 1974</a>, pp. 219–220. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerhoevenSkinner1998364–371-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerhoevenSkinner1998364–371_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVerhoevenSkinner1998">Verhoeven & Skinner 1998</a>, pp. 364–371. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerhoevenSkinner1998489–491-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerhoevenSkinner1998489–491_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVerhoevenSkinner1998">Verhoeven & Skinner 1998</a>, pp. 489–491. </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEuweAlekhine1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Max_Euwe" title="Max Euwe">Euwe, Max</a>; <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Alekhine" title="Alexander Alekhine">Alekhine, Alexander</a> (1973) [1936]. Smith, Ken (ed.). Euwe vs. Alekhine Match 1935. Translated by DeVault, Roy. Dallas, TX: Chess Digest. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3146006">3146006</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Euwe+vs.+Alekhine+Match+1935&rft.place=Dallas%2C+TX&rft.pub=Chess+Digest&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3146006&rft.aulast=Euwe&rft.aufirst=Max&rft.au=Alekhine%2C+Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBotvinnik1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Botvinnik" title="Mikhail Botvinnik">Botvinnik, Mikhail</a> (1973) [1937]. Smith, Ken (ed.). Alekhine vs. Euwe Return Match 1937. Translated by DeVault, Roy. Dallas, TX: Chess Digest. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4395696">4395696</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alekhine+vs.+Euwe+Return+Match+1937&rft.place=Dallas%2C+TX&rft.pub=Chess+Digest&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4395696&rft.aulast=Botvinnik&rft.aufirst=Mikhail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinter2004" class="citation web cs1">Winter, Edward (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230528220053/https://www.chesshistory.com/winter/extra/interregnum.html">"Interregnum"</a>. chesshistory.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chesshistory.com/winter/extra/interregnum.html">the original</a> on 28 May 2023. 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Retrieved 16 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Kasparov+Breaks+With+World+Chess+Body&rft.date=1993-02-27&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1993%2F02%2F27%2Farts%2Fkasparov-breaks-with-world-chess-body.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1993/04/24/arts/a-chess-title-match-is-to-start-on-sept-7.html">"A Chess Title Match Is to Start on Sept. 7"</a>. 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Retrieved 16 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Chess+Title+Match+Is+to+Start+on+Sept.+7&rft.date=1993-04-24&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1993%2F04%2F24%2Farts%2Fa-chess-title-match-is-to-start-on-sept-7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcClainFleck2004" class="citation news cs1">McClain, Dylan Loeb; Fleck, Fiona (4 October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/04/arts/and-theyre-off-but-will-winner-be-true-champion-of-chess.html">"And They're Off, but Will Winner Be True Champion of Chess?"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180206121105/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/04/arts/and-theyre-off-but-will-winner-be-true-champion-of-chess.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=And+They%27re+Off%2C+but+Will+Winner+Be+True+Champion+of+Chess%3F&rft.date=2004-10-04&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=McClain&rft.aufirst=Dylan+Loeb&rft.au=Fleck%2C+Fiona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F10%2F04%2Farts%2Fand-theyre-off-but-will-winner-be-true-champion-of-chess.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcClain2000" class="citation news cs1">McClain, Dylan Loeb (31 October 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/31/world/a-chess-match-is-waged-for-a-world-title-whose-authenticity-is-challenged.html">"A Chess Match Is Waged for a World Title Whose Authenticity Is Challenged"</a>. 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Retrieved 16 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Chess+Match+Is+Waged+for+a+World+Title+Whose+Authenticity+Is+Challenged&rft.date=2000-10-31&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=McClain&rft.aufirst=Dylan+Loeb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F10%2F31%2Fworld%2Fa-chess-match-is-waged-for-a-world-title-whose-authenticity-is-challenged.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeene1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Keene" title="Raymond Keene">Keene, Raymond D.</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/kasparovvshort190000keen">Kasparov v. Short 1993: The Official Book of the Match</a>. New York: Holt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-3308-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-3308-3"><bdi>978-0-8050-3308-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kasparov+v.+Short+1993%3A+The+Official+Book+of+the+Match&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Holt&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-8050-3308-3&rft.aulast=Keene&rft.aufirst=Raymond+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkasparovvshort190000keen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeene1995" class="citation book cs1">Keene, Raymond D. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/worldchesschampi0000keen">World Chess Championship: Kasparov v. Anand</a>. New York: Holt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-4231-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-4231-3"><bdi>978-0-8050-4231-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Chess+Championship%3A+Kasparov+v.+Anand&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Holt&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8050-4231-3&rft.aulast=Keene&rft.aufirst=Raymond+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldchesschampi0000keen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBareevLevitov200729–172-63"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBareevLevitov200729–172_63-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBareevLevitov2007">Bareev & Levitov 2007</a>, pp. 29–172. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBareevLevitov2007173–300-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBareevLevitov2007173–300_64-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBareevLevitov2007">Bareev & Levitov 2007</a>, pp. 173–300. </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUhlmannTreppner1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Uhlmann, Wolfgang; Treppner, Gerd, eds. (1993). Schachweltmeisterschaft 1993: Anatoli Karpow–Jan Timman; Garri Kasparow–Nigel Short (in German). Hollfeld: Beyer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89168-042-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-89168-042-1"><bdi>978-3-89168-042-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Schachweltmeisterschaft+1993%3A+Anatoli+Karpow%E2%80%93Jan+Timman%3B+Garri+Kasparow%E2%80%93Nigel+Short&rft.place=Hollfeld&rft.pub=Beyer&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-3-89168-042-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFByrne1996" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrne_(chess_player)" title="Robert Byrne (chess player)">Byrne, Robert</a> (12 July 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/12/arts/draw-and-match-karpov-triumphs.html">"Draw and Match: Karpov Triumphs"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114160318/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/12/arts/draw-and-match-karpov-triumphs.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Draw+and+Match%3A+Karpov+Triumphs&rft.date=1996-07-12&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Byrne&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1996%2F07%2F12%2Farts%2Fdraw-and-match-karpov-triumphs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKohlmeyer2018" class="citation news cs1">Kohlmeyer, Dagobert (6 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.chessbase.com/post/20-years-ago-anand-vs-karpov">"20 years ago: Anand and Karpov fight for the World Championship"</a>. Chessbase. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190223131816/https://en.chessbase.com/post/20-years-ago-anand-vs-karpov">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2019. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chessbase&rft.atitle=20+years+ago%3A+Anand+and+Karpov+fight+for+the+World+Championship&rft.date=2018-01-06&rft.aulast=Kohlmeyer&rft.aufirst=Dagobert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.chessbase.com%2Fpost%2F20-years-ago-anand-vs-karpov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010425154838/http://lasvegas.fide.com:80/chess/result7.html">"Las Vegas 1999"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE">International Chess Federation (FIDE)</a>. 28 August 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lasvegas.fide.com/chess/result7.html">the original</a> on 25 April 2001. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Las+Vegas+1999&rft.pub=International+Chess+Federation+%28FIDE%29&rft.date=1999-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flasvegas.fide.com%2Fchess%2Fresult7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFByrne2001" class="citation news cs1">Byrne, Robert (7 January 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/07/nyregion/chess-anand-s-devious-strategy-defeats-shirov-in-a-match.html">"Anand's Devious Strategy Defeats Shirov in a Match"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114051408/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/07/nyregion/chess-anand-s-devious-strategy-defeats-shirov-in-a-match.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Anand%27s+Devious+Strategy+Defeats+Shirov+in+a+Match&rft.date=2001-01-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Byrne&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2001%2F01%2F07%2Fnyregion%2Fchess-anand-s-devious-strategy-defeats-shirov-in-a-match.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020806223517/http://wcc2001.fide.com/read.cgi?html=result">"WCC 2001 Results"</a>. International Chess Federation (FIDE). 23 January 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wcc2001.fide.com/read.cgi?html=result">the original</a> on 6 August 2002. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WCC+2001+Results&rft.pub=International+Chess+Federation+%28FIDE%29&rft.date=2002-01-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwcc2001.fide.com%2Fread.cgi%3Fhtml%3Dresult&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040812125700/http://wcclibya2004.com/results.asp">"WCC 2004 Results"</a>. International Chess Federation (FIDE). 13 July 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wcclibya2004.com/results.asp">the original</a> on 12 August 2004. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WCC+2004+Results&rft.pub=International+Chess+Federation+%28FIDE%29&rft.date=2004-07-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwcclibya2004.com%2Fresults.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGershonNor2007" class="citation book cs1">Gershon, Alik; Nor, Igor (2007). San Luis 2005. Gothenburg: Quality Chess. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-976005-2-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-91-976005-2-1"><bdi>978-91-976005-2-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=San+Luis+2005&rft.place=Gothenburg&rft.pub=Quality+Chess&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-91-976005-2-1&rft.aulast=Gershon&rft.aufirst=Alik&rft.au=Nor%2C+Igor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBareevLevitov2007176,_324–327-79"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBareevLevitov2007176,_324–327_79-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBareevLevitov2007">Bareev & Levitov 2007</a>, pp. 176, 324–327. </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.chessbase.com/post/levon-aronian-wins-fide-world-cup">"Levon Aronian wins FIDE World Cup"</a>. 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Retrieved 16 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chessbase&rft.atitle=Levon+Aronian+wins+FIDE+World+Cup&rft.date=2005-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.chessbase.com%2Fpost%2Flevon-aronian-wins-fide-world-cup&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="display:inline;"><ul style="display:inline;"><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;display:inline; margin:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fide.com/FIDE/handbook/regscandidates2016.pdf">"Rules & regulations for the Candidates Tournament of the FIDE World Championship cycle 2014–2016"</a> (PDF). International Chess Federation (FIDE). 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200510082451/https://www.fide.com/FIDE/handbook/regscandidates2016.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 10 May 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rules+%26+regulations+for+the+Candidates+Tournament+of+the+FIDE+World+Championship+cycle+2014%E2%80%932016&rft.pub=International+Chess+Federation+%28FIDE%29&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fide.com%2FFIDE%2Fhandbook%2Fregscandidates2016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"></li><li style="margin-bottom:.5em; display:block;;margin-top:.5em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fide.com/news/2138">"FIDE reforms the qualifications paths to the Candidates Tournament"</a> (Press release). International Chess Federation (FIDE). 7 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230328122358/https://www.fide.com/news/2138">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FIDE+reforms+the+qualifications+paths+to+the+Candidates+Tournament&rft.pub=International+Chess+Federation+%28FIDE%29&rft.date=2023-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fide.com%2Fnews%2F2138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"></li></ul></div> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoggers2019" class="citation news cs1">Doggers, Peter (26 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chess.com/news/view/world-chess-championship-match-regulations">"2020 World Chess Championship: 14 Games, Double The Prize Fund"</a>. Chess.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928133333/https://www.chess.com/news/view/world-chess-championship-match-regulations">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chess.com&rft.atitle=2020+World+Chess+Championship%3A+14+Games%2C+Double+The+Prize+Fund&rft.date=2019-04-26&rft.aulast=Doggers&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chess.com%2Fnews%2Fview%2Fworld-chess-championship-match-regulations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMather2022" class="citation news cs1">Mather, Victor (20 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/20/sports/chess-magnus-carlsen-world-championship.html">"Lacking Motivation, Magnus Carlsen Will Give Up World Chess Title"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220721011423/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/20/sports/chess-magnus-carlsen-world-championship.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Lacking+Motivation%2C+Magnus+Carlsen+Will+Give+Up+World+Chess+Title&rft.date=2022-07-20&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Mather&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F07%2F20%2Fsports%2Fchess-magnus-carlsen-world-championship.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSvensen2023" class="citation news cs1">Svensen, Tarjei J. (2 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chess.com/news/view/carlsen-on-his-future-personal-life-motivation-and-more">"Carlsen On Lack Of Motivation, Classical Chess, New WC Formats & Family Life"</a>. 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Retrieved 15 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chess.com&rft.atitle=Carlsen+On+Lack+Of+Motivation%2C+Classical+Chess%2C+New+WC+Formats+%26+Family+Life&rft.date=2023-05-02&rft.aulast=Svensen&rft.aufirst=Tarjei+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chess.com%2Fnews%2Fview%2Fcarlsen-on-his-future-personal-life-motivation-and-more&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBareevLevitov2007301–398-85"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBareevLevitov2007301–398_85-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBareevLevitov2007">Bareev & Levitov 2007</a>, pp. 301–398. </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230930001838/https://en.chessbase.com/post/mexico-2007-vishy-anand-is-world-champion-">"Mexico 2007: Vishy Anand is world champion!"</a>. 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Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gambit+Blog&rft.atitle=Anand+Retains+World+Championship&rft.date=2008-10-29&rft.aulast=McClain&rft.aufirst=Dylan+Loeb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fgambit.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F10%2F29%2Fanand-is-world-champion-again%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRis2023" class="citation news cs1">Ris, Robert (28 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114043309/https://en.chessbase.com/post/robert-ris-anand-beats-topalov-2010">"Anand beats Topalov in the final game of their 2010 match"</a>. Chessbase. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.chessbase.com/post/robert-ris-anand-beats-topalov-2010">the original</a> on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chessbase&rft.atitle=Anand+beats+Topalov+in+the+final+game+of+their+2010+match&rft.date=2023-04-28&rft.aulast=Ris&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.chessbase.com%2Fpost%2Frobert-ris-anand-beats-topalov-2010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoss2012" class="citation news cs1">Moss, Stephen (30 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/may/30/viswanathan-anand-crowned-chess-champion">"Anand remains king of world chess as Gelfand's time runs out"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114043306/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/may/30/viswanathan-anand-crowned-chess-champion">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Anand+remains+king+of+world+chess+as+Gelfand%27s+time+runs+out&rft.date=2012-05-30&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Moss&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsport%2F2012%2Fmay%2F30%2Fviswanathan-anand-crowned-chess-champion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKasparov2013" class="citation magazine cs1">Kasparov, Garry (25 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128111253/https://time100.time.com/2013/11/25/a-new-king-for-a-new-era-in-chess/">"A New King for a New Era in Chess"</a>. Time. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0040-781X">0040-781X</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time100.time.com/2013/11/25/a-new-king-for-a-new-era-in-chess/">the original</a> on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=A+New+King+for+a+New+Era+in+Chess&rft.date=2013-11-25&rft.issn=0040-781X&rft.aulast=Kasparov&rft.aufirst=Garry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime100.time.com%2F2013%2F11%2F25%2Fa-new-king-for-a-new-era-in-chess%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowther2014" class="citation news cs1">Crowther, Mark (23 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230607040841/https://theweekinchess.com/chessnews/events/world-chess-championship-2014/carlsen-retains-world-chess-championship-title-after-beating-anand-in-game-11">"Carlsen retains World Chess Championship title after beating Anand in Game 11"</a>. The Week in Chess. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theweekinchess.com/chessnews/events/world-chess-championship-2014/carlsen-retains-world-chess-championship-title-after-beating-anand-in-game-11">the original</a> on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Week+in+Chess&rft.atitle=Carlsen+retains+World+Chess+Championship+title+after+beating+Anand+in+Game+11&rft.date=2014-11-23&rft.aulast=Crowther&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheweekinchess.com%2Fchessnews%2Fevents%2Fworld-chess-championship-2014%2Fcarlsen-retains-world-chess-championship-title-after-beating-anand-in-game-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham2016" class="citation news cs1">Graham, Bryan Armen (1 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230316091112/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/dec/01/magnus-carlsen-retains-world-chess-title-after-quickfire-tie-breaker">"Magnus Carlsen retains world chess title after quickfire tie-breaker"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/dec/01/magnus-carlsen-retains-world-chess-title-after-quickfire-tie-breaker">the original</a> on 16 March 2023. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.chessbase.com/post/magnus-carlsen-world-champion-2018">the original</a> on 26 September 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chessbase&rft.atitle=Magnus+Carlsen+keeps+the+crown&rft.date=2018-11-29&rft.aulast=Pereira&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.chessbase.com%2Fpost%2Fmagnus-carlsen-world-champion-2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoggers2021" class="citation news cs1">Doggers, Peter (11 December 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231216180418/https://www.chess.com/news/view/fide-world-chess-championship-2021-game-11">"Magnus Carlsen Wins 2021 World Chess Championship"</a>. Chess.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chess.com/news/view/fide-world-chess-championship-2021-game-11">the original</a> on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chess.com&rft.atitle=Magnus+Carlsen+Wins+2021+World+Chess+Championship&rft.date=2021-12-11&rft.aulast=Doggers&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chess.com%2Fnews%2Fview%2Ffide-world-chess-championship-2021-game-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColodro2023" class="citation news cs1">Colodro, Carlos Alberto (30 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240112120840/https://en.chessbase.com/post/world-championship-2023-playoff">"Ding Liren is the new world chess champion!"</a>. Chessbase. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.chessbase.com/post/world-championship-2023-playoff">the original</a> on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chessbase&rft.atitle=Ding+Liren+is+the+new+world+chess+champion%21&rft.date=2023-04-30&rft.aulast=Colodro&rft.aufirst=Carlos+Alberto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.chessbase.com%2Fpost%2Fworld-championship-2023-playoff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevin2024" class="citation news cs1">Levin, Anthony (21 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chess.com/news/view/2024-fide-candidates-tournament-round-14">"Gukesh Youngest Ever To Win Candidates Tournament, Tan Wins Women's By 1.5 Points"</a>. Chess.com. Retrieved 24 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chess.com&rft.atitle=Gukesh+Youngest+Ever+To+Win+Candidates+Tournament%2C+Tan+Wins+Women%27s+By+1.5+Points&rft.date=2024-04-21&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chess.com%2Fnews%2Fview%2F2024-fide-candidates-tournament-round-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorowitz197364KeeneGoodman19866-98"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorowitz197364KeeneGoodman19866_98-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHorowitz1973">Horowitz 1973</a>, p. 64; <a href="#CITEREFKeeneGoodman1986">Keene & Goodman 1986</a>, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinter2007" class="citation web cs1">Winter, Edward (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chesshistory.com/winter/winter38.html#5199._Lasker_v_Janowsky_Paris_1909">"Chess Notes"</a>. chesshistory.com. 5199. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230812192451/https://www.chesshistory.com/winter/winter38.html#5199._Lasker_v_Janowsky_Paris_1909">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chesshistory.com&rft.atitle=Chess+Notes&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Winter&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chesshistory.com%2Fwinter%2Fwinter38.html%235199._Lasker_v_Janowsky_Paris_1909&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_Chess_Championships&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Works cited">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBareevLevitov2007" class="citation book cs1">Bareev, Evgeny; Levitov, Ilya (2007). From London to Elista. 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Eminent Victorian Chess Players: Ten Biographies. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-6568-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-6568-2"><bdi>978-0-7864-6568-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eminent+Victorian+Chess+Players%3A+Ten+Biographies&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-6568-2&rft.aulast=Harding&rft.aufirst=Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorowitz1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Israel_Albert_Horowitz" title="Israel Albert Horowitz">Horowitz, Al</a> (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theworldchesschampionship_ahistory">The World Chess Championship: A History</a>. <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7134-2762-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7134-2762-2"><bdi>978-0-7134-2762-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Chess+Championship%3A+A+History&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-7134-2762-2&rft.aulast=Horowitz&rft.aufirst=Al&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftheworldchesschampionship_ahistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKasparov2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" title="Garry Kasparov">Kasparov, Garry</a> (2008). Modern Chess Part 2: Kasparov vs. Karpov 1975–1985. Translated by Neat, Kenneth Philip. London: <a href="/wiki/Everyman_Chess" title="Everyman Chess">Everyman Chess</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85744-433-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85744-433-9"><bdi>978-1-85744-433-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Chess+Part+2%3A+Kasparov+vs.+Karpov+1975%E2%80%931985&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Everyman+Chess&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-85744-433-9&rft.aulast=Kasparov&rft.aufirst=Garry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKasparov2009" class="citation book cs1">——— (2009). Modern Chess Part 3: Kasparov vs. Karpov 1986–1987. Translated by Neat, Kenneth Philip. London: Everyman Chess. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85744-625-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85744-625-8"><bdi>978-1-85744-625-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Chess+Part+3%3A+Kasparov+vs.+Karpov+1986%E2%80%931987&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Everyman+Chess&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-85744-625-8&rft.aulast=Kasparov&rft.aufirst=Garry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKasparov2010" class="citation book cs1">——— (2010). Modern Chess Part 4: Kasparov vs. Karpov 1988–2009. Translated by Neat, Kenneth Philip. London: Everyman Chess. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85744-652-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85744-652-4"><bdi>978-1-85744-652-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Chess+Part+4%3A+Kasparov+vs.+Karpov+1988%E2%80%932009&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Everyman+Chess&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-85744-652-4&rft.aulast=Kasparov&rft.aufirst=Garry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKažić1974" class="citation book cs1">Kažić, B. M. (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL5072262M/International_championship_chess">International Championship Chess: A Complete Record of FIDE Events</a>. New York: Pitman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-273-07078-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-273-07078-8"><bdi>978-0-273-07078-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Championship+Chess%3A+A+Complete+Record+of+FIDE+Events&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Pitman&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-273-07078-8&rft.aulast=Ka%C5%BEi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=B.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL5072262M%2FInternational_championship_chess&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeeneGoodman1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Keene" title="Raymond Keene">Keene, Raymond</a>; Goodman, David (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/centenarymatchka0000keen/page/n3/mode/2up">The Centenary Match: Kasparov–Karpov III</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Batsford_Books" title="Batsford Books">Batsford</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7134-5343-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7134-5343-0"><bdi>978-0-7134-5343-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Centenary+Match%3A+Kasparov%E2%80%93Karpov+III&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Batsford&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-7134-5343-0&rft.aulast=Keene&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft.au=Goodman%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcentenarymatchka0000keen%2Fpage%2Fn3%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray1913" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/H._J._R._Murray" title="H. J. R. Murray">Murray, H. J. R.</a> (2012) [1913]. <a href="/wiki/A_History_of_Chess" title="A History of Chess">A History of Chess</a> (Original reprint ed.). New York: <a href="/wiki/Skyhorse" class="mw-redirect" title="Skyhorse">Skyhorse</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-63220-293-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-63220-293-2"><bdi>978-1-63220-293-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Chess&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=Original+reprint&rft.pub=Skyhorse&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-63220-293-2&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=H.+J.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlisetskyVoronkov1994" class="citation book cs1">Plisetsky, Dmitry; Voronkov, Sergey (1994). Russians versus Fischer. Chess World. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-900767-01-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-900767-01-7"><bdi>978-5-900767-01-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russians+versus+Fischer&rft.pub=Chess+World&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-5-900767-01-7&rft.aulast=Plisetsky&rft.aufirst=Dmitry&rft.au=Voronkov%2C+Sergey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSergeant1934" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Walsingham_Sergeant" title="Philip Walsingham Sergeant">Sergeant, Philip W.</a> (1934). A Century of British Chess. Philadelphia: <a href="/wiki/David_McKay_Publications" title="David McKay Publications">David McKay</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1835573">1835573</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Century+of+British+Chess&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=David+McKay&rft.date=1934&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1835573&rft.aulast=Sergeant&rft.aufirst=Philip+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerhoevenSkinner1998" class="citation book cs1">Verhoeven, Robert G. P.; Skinner, Leonard M. (1998). Alexander Alekhine's Chess Games, 1902–1946. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-0117-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-0117-8"><bdi>978-0-7864-0117-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alexander+Alekhine%27s+Chess+Games%2C+1902%E2%80%931946&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-0117-8&rft.aulast=Verhoeven&rft.aufirst=Robert+G.+P.&rft.au=Skinner%2C+Leonard+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1975" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Fred, ed. (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/classicalchessmatches_1907-1913">Classical Chess Matches: 1907–1913</a>. New York: Dover. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-23145-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-23145-7"><bdi>978-0-486-23145-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classical+Chess+Matches%3A+1907%E2%80%931913&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dover&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-486-23145-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fclassicalchessmatches_1907-1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinter1981" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Winter_(chess_historian)" title="Edward Winter (chess historian)">Winter, Edward</a>, ed. (1981). World Chess Champions. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Pergamon_Press" title="Pergamon Press">Pergamon</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-024117-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-024117-3"><bdi>978-0-08-024117-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Chess+Champions&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Pergamon&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-08-024117-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinter2023a" class="citation web cs1">——— (3 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chesshistory.com/winter/extra/champion.html">"Early Uses of 'World Chess Champion'"</a>. chesshistory.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230415013129/https://www.chesshistory.com/winter/extra/champion.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chesshistory.com&rft.atitle=Early+Uses+of+%27World+Chess+Champion%27&rft.date=2023-04-03&rft.aulast=Winter&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chesshistory.com%2Fwinter%2Fextra%2Fchampion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinter1988" class="citation magazine cs1">——— (29 July 2023) [1988]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chesshistory.com/winter/extra/termination.html">"The Termination"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_in_Chess" class="mw-redirect" title="New in Chess">New in Chess</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240114151010/https://www.chesshistory.com/winter/extra/termination.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2024 – via chesshistory.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+in+Chess&rft.atitle=The+Termination&rft.date=2023-07-29&rft.aulast=Winter&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chesshistory.com%2Fwinter%2Fextra%2Ftermination.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinter1954" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Winter_(chess_player)" title="William Winter (chess player)">Winter, William</a> (1954). Kings of Chess: Chess Championships of the Twentieth Century. London: Pitman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-87187-828-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-87187-828-9"><bdi>978-4-87187-828-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kings+of+Chess%3A+Chess+Championships+of+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Pitman&rft.date=1954&rft.isbn=978-4-87187-828-9&rft.aulast=Winter&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_Chess_Championships&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson1981" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Henry A. (1981) [1949]. A Short History of Chess (1st pbk. ed.). New York: McKay. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-14550-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-14550-9"><bdi>978-0-679-14550-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+Chess&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st+pbk.&rft.pub=McKay&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-679-14550-9&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Henry+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGolombek1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Golombek" title="Harry Golombek">Golombek, Harry</a> (1976). Chess: A History. New York: Putnam. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-399-11575-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-399-11575-2"><bdi>978-0-399-11575-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chess%3A+A+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Putnam&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-399-11575-2&rft.aulast=Golombek&rft.aufirst=Harry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinter" class="citation web cs1">Winter, Edward (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chesshistory.com/winter/extra/rules.html">"World Chess Championship Rules"</a>. Retrieved 9 January 2024 – via chesshistory.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Chess+Championship+Rules&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chesshistory.com%2Fwinter%2Fextra%2Frules.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_Chess_Championships&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldchampionship.fide.com/chess-champions">"World Champions Timeline"</a>. FIDE World Championship.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FIDE+World+Championship&rft.atitle=World+Champions+Timeline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldchampionship.fide.com%2Fchess-champions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+World+Chess+Championships" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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matches">matches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_engine" title="Chess engine">engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_software" title="List of chess software">software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correspondence_chess" title="Correspondence chess">Correspondence chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE">FIDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess" title="Glossary of chess">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_chess" title="Online chess">Online chess</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premove" title="Premove">Premove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_chess_server" title="Internet chess server">Internet chess server</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_chess_servers" title="List of Internet chess servers">list</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_rating_system" title="Chess rating system">Rating system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_world_rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="FIDE world rankings">world rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norm_(chess)" title="Norm (chess)">norms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_variant" title="Chess variant">Variants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_variants" title="List of chess variants">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_world_records_in_chess" title="List of world records in chess">World records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_equipment" title="Chess equipment">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_set" title="Chess set">Chess set</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chessboard" title="Chessboard">chessboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik_chess_set" title="Dubrovnik chess set">Dubrovnik chess set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staunton_chess_set" title="Staunton chess set">Staunton chess set</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_piece" title="Chess piece">Chess pieces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_(chess)" title="King (chess)">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_(chess)" title="Queen (chess)">Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rook_(chess)" title="Rook (chess)">Rook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_(chess)" title="Bishop (chess)">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_(chess)" title="Knight (chess)">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">Pawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_chess_piece" title="Fairy chess piece">Fairy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_clock" title="Chess clock">Chess clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_table" title="Chess table">Chess table</a></li> <li><dfn><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess#score_sheets" title="Glossary of chess">Score sheets</a></dfn></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_chess" title="History of chess">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_chess" title="Timeline of chess">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Versus_de_scachis" title="Versus de scachis">Versus de scachis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen_manuscript" title="Göttingen manuscript">Göttingen manuscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne_chessmen" title="Charlemagne chessmen">Charlemagne chessmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_chessmen" title="Lewis chessmen">Lewis chessmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_chess" title="Romantic chess">Romantic chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypermodernism_(chess)" title="Hypermodernism (chess)">Hypermodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_chess_school" title="Soviet chess school">Soviet chess school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_top_chess_players_throughout_history" title="Comparison of top chess players throughout history">Top player comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_chess" title="Geography of chess">Geography of chess</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_Africa" title="Chess in Africa">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_South_Africa" title="Chess in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_China" title="Chess in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_Europe" title="Chess in Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_Armenia" title="Chess in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_Spain" title="Chess in Spain">Spain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_India" title="Chess in India">India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_games" title="List of chess games">Notable games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_players" title="List of chess players">List of chess players</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_amateur_chess_players" title="List of amateur chess players">amateurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_chess_players" title="List of female chess players">female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_grandmasters" title="List of chess grandmasters">grandmasters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_chess" title="Women in chess">Women in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chess_museums" title="Category:Chess museums">Chess museums</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Fischer_Center" title="Bobby Fischer Center">Bobby Fischer Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kyay_Association_Chess_Museum" title="Gökyay Association Chess Museum">Gökyay Association Chess Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Hall_of_Fame" title="World Chess Hall of Fame">World Chess Hall of Fame</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rules_of_chess" title="Rules of chess">Rules</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castling" title="Castling">Castling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheating_in_chess" title="Cheating in chess">Cheating in chess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Check_(chess)" title="Check (chess)">Check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checkmate" title="Checkmate">Checkmate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draw_(chess)" title="Draw (chess)">Draw</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draw_by_agreement" title="Draw by agreement">by agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifty-move_rule" title="Fifty-move rule">Fifty-move rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_check" title="Perpetual check">Perpetual check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalemate" title="Stalemate">Stalemate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threefold_repetition" title="Threefold repetition">Threefold repetition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/En_passant" title="En passant">En passant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promotion_(chess)" title="Promotion (chess)">Pawn promotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_control" title="Time control">Time control</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fast_chess" title="Fast chess">Fast chess</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch-move_rule" title="Touch-move rule">Touch-move rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_and_Black_in_chess" title="White and Black in chess">White and Black</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess" title="Glossary of chess">Terms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blunder_(chess)" title="Blunder (chess)">Blunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_notation" title="Chess notation">Chess notation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algebraic_notation_(chess)" title="Algebraic notation (chess)">algebraic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descriptive_notation" title="Descriptive notation">descriptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_Game_Notation" title="Portable Game Notation">PGN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_annotation_symbols" title="Chess annotation symbols">annotation symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Chess symbols in Unicode">symbols in Unicode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianchetto" title="Fianchetto">Fianchetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambit" title="Gambit">Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_square" title="Key square">Key square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_walk" title="King walk">King walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_file" title="Open file">Open file</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Half-open_file" title="Half-open file">Half-open file</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outpost_(chess)" title="Outpost (chess)">Outpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">Pawns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backward_pawn" title="Backward pawn">backward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connected_pawns" title="Connected pawns">connected</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubled_pawns" title="Doubled pawns">doubled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolated_pawn" title="Isolated pawn">isolated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passed_pawn" title="Passed pawn">passed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swindle_(chess)" title="Swindle (chess)">Swindle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempo_(chess)" title="Tempo (chess)">Tempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transposition_(chess)" title="Transposition (chess)">Transposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_traps" title="List of chess traps">Trap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_tactic" title="Chess tactic">Tactics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castling#Artificial_castling" title="Castling">Artificial castling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_(chess)" title="Battery (chess)">Battery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alekhine%27s_gun" title="Alekhine's gun">Alekhine's gun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_(chess)" title="Block (chess)">Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checkmate_pattern" title="Checkmate pattern">Checkmate patterns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combination_(chess)" title="Combination (chess)">Combination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decoy_(chess)" title="Decoy (chess)">Decoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deflection_(chess)" title="Deflection (chess)">Deflection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desperado_(chess)" title="Desperado (chess)">Desperado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovered_attack" title="Discovered attack">Discovered attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_check" title="Double check">Double check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fork_(chess)" title="Fork (chess)">Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interference_(chess)" title="Interference (chess)">Interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overloading_(chess)" title="Overloading (chess)">Overloading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_storm" title="Pawn storm">Pawn storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pin_(chess)" title="Pin (chess)">Pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_(chess)" title="Sacrifice (chess)">Sacrifice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_sacrifice" title="Queen sacrifice">Queen sacrifice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skewer_(chess)" title="Skewer (chess)">Skewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undermining_(chess)" title="Undermining (chess)">Undermining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windmill_(chess)" title="Windmill (chess)">Windmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-ray_(chess)" title="X-ray (chess)">X-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwischenzug" title="Zwischenzug">Zwischenzug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_strategy" title="Chess strategy">Strategy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compensation_(chess)" title="Compensation (chess)">Compensation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_(chess)" title="Exchange (chess)">Exchange</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_exchange_(chess)" title="The exchange (chess)">the exchange</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiative_(chess)" title="Initiative (chess)">Initiative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First-move_advantage_in_chess" title="First-move advantage in chess">first-move advantage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_middlegame" title="Chess middlegame">Middlegame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawn_structure" title="Pawn structure">Pawn structure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hedgehog_(chess)" title="Hedgehog (chess)">Hedgehog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolated_pawn" title="Isolated pawn">Isolated Queen's Pawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%B3czy_Bind" title="Maróczy Bind">Maróczy Bind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_attack" title="Minority attack">Minority attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_piece_relative_value" title="Chess piece relative value">Piece values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophylaxis_(chess)" title="Prophylaxis (chess)">Prophylaxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_chess" title="School of chess">School of chess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_opening" title="Chess opening">Openings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flank_opening" title="Flank opening">Flank opening</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Fianchetto_Opening" title="King's Fianchetto Opening">Benko Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird%27s_Opening" title="Bird's Opening">Bird's Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunst_Opening" title="Dunst Opening">Dunst Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Opening" title="English Opening">English Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grob%27s_Attack" title="Grob's Attack">Grob's Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larsen%27s_Opening" class="mw-redirect" title="Larsen's Opening">Larsen's Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zukertort_Opening" title="Zukertort Opening">Zukertort Opening</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Indian_Attack" title="King's Indian Attack">King's Indian Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9ti_Opening" title="Réti Opening">Réti Opening</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Pawn_Game" title="King's Pawn Game">King's Pawn Game</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alekhine%27s_Defence" title="Alekhine's Defence">Alekhine's Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caro%E2%80%93Kann_Defence" title="Caro–Kann Defence">Caro–Kann Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Defence" title="French Defence">French Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Defense" title="Modern Defense">Modern Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimzowitsch_Defence" title="Nimzowitsch Defence">Nimzowitsch Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Game" title="Open Game">Open Game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Knights_Game" title="Four Knights Game">Four Knights Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuoco_Piano" title="Giuoco Piano">Giuoco Piano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Game" title="Italian Game">Italian Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Gambit" title="King's Gambit">King's Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrov%27s_Defence" title="Petrov's Defence">Petrov's Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philidor_Defence" title="Philidor Defence">Philidor Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponziani_Opening" title="Ponziani Opening">Ponziani Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruy_Lopez" title="Ruy Lopez">Ruy Lopez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-Italian_Opening" title="Semi-Italian Opening">Semi-Italian Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_Game" title="Scotch Game">Scotch Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Knights_Defense" title="Two Knights Defense">Two Knights Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Game" title="Vienna Game">Vienna Game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen%27s_Defence" title="Owen's Defence">Owen's Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirc_Defence" title="Pirc Defence">Pirc Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pirc_Defence,_Austrian_Attack" title="Pirc Defence, Austrian Attack">Austrian Attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Defense" title="Scandinavian Defense">Scandinavian Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence" title="Sicilian Defence">Sicilian Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Alapin_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Alapin Variation">Alapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Dragon_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Dragon Variation">Dragon</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Accelerated_Dragon" title="Sicilian Defence, Accelerated Dragon">Accelerated Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Najdorf_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Najdorf Variation">Najdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Defence,_Scheveningen_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Scheveningen Variation">Scheveningen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Pawn_Game" title="Queen's Pawn Game">Queen's Pawn Game</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Gambit" title="Budapest Gambit">Budapest Gambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colle_System" title="Colle System">Colle System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Defence" title="Dutch Defence">Dutch Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Defence" title="English Defence">English Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Defence" title="Indian Defence">Indian Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benoni_Defense" title="Benoni Defense">Benoni Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Benoni" title="Modern Benoni">Modern Benoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogo-Indian_Defence" title="Bogo-Indian Defence">Bogo-Indian Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Opening" title="Catalan Opening">Catalan Opening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnfeld_Defence" title="Grünfeld Defence">Grünfeld Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Indian_Defence" title="King's Indian Defence">King's Indian Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimzo-Indian_Defence" title="Nimzo-Indian Defence">Nimzo-Indian Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Indian_Defense" title="Old Indian Defense">Old Indian Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Indian_Defense" title="Queen's Indian Defense">Queen's Indian Defence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_System" title="London System">London System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richter%E2%80%93Veresov_Attack" title="Richter–Veresov Attack">Richter–Veresov Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gambit" title="Queen's Gambit">Queen's Gambit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gambit_Accepted" title="Queen's Gambit Accepted">Accepted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gambit_Declined" title="Queen's Gambit Declined">Declined</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slav_Defense" title="Slav Defense">Slav Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-Slav_Defense" title="Semi-Slav Defense">Semi-Slav Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigorin_Defense" title="Chigorin Defense">Chigorin Defense</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torre_Attack" title="Torre Attack">Torre Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trompowsky_Attack" title="Trompowsky Attack">Trompowsky Attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_openings" title="List of chess openings">List of openings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_opening_theory_table" title="Chess opening theory table">theory table</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_gambits" title="List of chess gambits">List of chess gambits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irregular_chess_opening" title="Irregular chess opening">Irregular</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bongcloud_Attack" title="Bongcloud Attack">Bongcloud Attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fool%27s_mate" title="Fool's mate">Fool's mate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholar%27s_mate" title="Scholar's mate">Scholar's mate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_endgame" title="Chess endgame">Endgames</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_and_knight_checkmate" title="Bishop and knight checkmate">Bishop and knight checkmate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_and_pawn_versus_king_endgame" title="King and pawn versus king endgame">King and pawn vs king</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposite-colored_bishops_endgame" title="Opposite-colored bishops endgame">Opposite-coloured bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnless_chess_endgame" title="Pawnless chess endgame">Pawnless endgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_and_pawn_versus_queen_endgame" title="Queen and pawn versus queen endgame">Queen and pawn vs queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_versus_pawn_endgame" title="Queen versus pawn endgame">Queen vs pawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_versus_rook_endgame" title="Queen versus rook endgame">Queen vs rook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rook_and_bishop_versus_rook_endgame" title="Rook and bishop versus rook endgame">Rook and bishop vs rook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rook_and_pawn_versus_rook_endgame" title="Rook and pawn versus rook endgame">Rook and pawn vs rook</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucena_position" title="Lucena position">Lucena position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philidor_position" title="Philidor position">Philidor position</a></li></ul></li> <li>Strategy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_(chess)" title="Fortress (chess)">fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_(chess)" title="Opposition (chess)">opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarrasch_rule" title="Tarrasch rule">Tarrasch rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangulation_(chess)" title="Triangulation (chess)">triangulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zugzwang" title="Zugzwang">Zugzwang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endgame_study" title="Endgame study">Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endgame_tablebase" title="Endgame tablebase">Tablebase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_knights_endgame" title="Two knights endgame">Two knights endgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrong_bishop" title="Wrong bishop">Wrong bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrong_rook_pawn" title="Wrong rook pawn">Wrong rook pawn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chess_tournament" title="Chess tournament">Tournaments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_strong_chess_tournaments" title="List of strong chess tournaments">List of strong chess tournaments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_Olympiad" title="Chess Olympiad">Chess Olympiad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Chess_Olympiad" title="Women's Chess Olympiad">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship" title="World Chess Championship">World Chess Championship</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candidates_Tournament" title="Candidates Tournament">Candidates Tournament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_World_Cup" title="Chess World Cup">Chess World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_Grand_Prix" title="FIDE Grand Prix">FIDE Grand Prix</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other world championships <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_World_Chess_Championship" title="Women's World Chess Championship">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Team_Chess_Championship" title="World Team Chess Championship">Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Rapid_Chess_Championship" title="World Rapid Chess Championship">Rapid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Blitz_Chess_Championship" title="World Blitz Chess Championship">Blitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Chess_Championship" title="World Junior Chess Championship">Junior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship" title="World Youth Chess Championship">Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Senior_Chess_Championship" title="World Senior Chess Championship">Senior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Amateur_Chess_Championship" title="World Amateur Chess Championship">Amateur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Championship_of_Chess_Composition" title="World Championship of Chess Composition">Chess composition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Solving_Championship" title="World Chess Solving Championship">Solving</a></li></ul></li> <li>Computer chess championships <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess.com_Computer_Chess_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Chess.com Computer Chess Championship">CCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Open_Computer_Chess_Championship" title="Dutch Open Computer Chess Championship">CSVN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Computer_Chess_Championship" title="North American Computer Chess Championship">North American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Chess_Engine_Championship" title="Top Chess Engine Championship">TCEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Computer_Chess_Championship" title="World Computer Chess Championship">WCCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Computer_Speed_Chess_Championship" title="World Computer Speed Chess Championship">WCSCC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art and media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%AFssa" title="Caïssa">Caïssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_aesthetics" title="Chess aesthetics">Chess aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_the_arts" title="Chess in the arts">Chess in the arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_in_early_literature" title="Chess in early literature">early literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_chess" title="Category:Films about chess">film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Novels_about_chess" title="Category:Novels about chess">novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chess_paintings" title="Category:Chess paintings">paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Poems_about_chess" title="Category:Poems about chess">poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_stories_about_chess" title="Category:Short stories about chess">short stories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_books" title="List of chess books">Chess books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_opening_book" title="Chess opening book">opening books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_endgame_literature" title="Chess endgame literature">endgame literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Companion_to_Chess" title="The Oxford Companion to Chess">Oxford Companion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_libraries" title="Chess libraries">Chess libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_columns_in_newspapers" title="Chess columns in newspapers">Chess newspaper columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chess_periodicals" title="List of chess periodicals">Chess periodicals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbiter_(chess)" title="Arbiter (chess)">Arbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_boxing" title="Chess boxing">Chess boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_club" title="Chess club">Chess club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_composer" title="Chess composer">Chess composer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_engine" title="Chess engine">Chess engine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AlphaZero" title="AlphaZero">AlphaZero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Blue_(chess_computer)" title="Deep Blue (chess computer)">Deep Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leela_Chess_Zero" title="Leela Chess Zero">Leela Chess Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockfish_(chess)" title="Stockfish (chess)">Stockfish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_problem" title="Chess problem">Chess problem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_chess_problems" title="Glossary of chess problems">glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joke_chess_problem" title="Joke chess problem">joke chess</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_prodigy" title="Chess prodigy">Chess prodigy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_exhibition" title="Simultaneous exhibition">Simultaneous exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solving_chess" title="Solving chess">Solving chess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Chess.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Chess.svg/28px-Chess.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Chess.svg/42px-Chess.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Chess.svg/56px-Chess.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Chess" title="Portal:Chess">Chess portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chess" title="Category:Chess">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Chess_Championships" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Chess_Championships" title="Template:World Chess Championships"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Chess_Championships" title="Template talk:World Chess Championships"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Chess_Championships" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Chess Championships"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Chess_Championships" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship" title="World Chess Championship">World Chess Championships</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">List of World Chess Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interregnum_of_World_Chess_Champions" title="Interregnum of World Chess Champions">Interregnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_World_Chess_Championships_(1998%E2%80%932004)" title="FIDE World Chess Championships (1998–2004)">Knockout format (1998–2004)</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chess_World_Cup" title="Chess World Cup">Chess World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_Grand_Swiss_Tournament" title="FIDE Grand Swiss Tournament">FIDE Grand Swiss Tournament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_Grand_Prix" title="FIDE Grand Prix">FIDE Grand Prix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interzonal" class="mw-redirect" title="Interzonal">Interzonal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candidates_Tournament" title="Candidates Tournament">Candidates Tournament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-FIDE</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1886" title="World Chess Championship 1886">1886</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1889" title="World Chess Championship 1889">1889</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1890%E2%80%931891" title="World Chess Championship 1890–1891">1890–1891</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1892" title="World Chess Championship 1892">1892</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Steinitz" title="Wilhelm Steinitz">Steinitz</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1894" title="World Chess Championship 1894">1894</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1896%E2%80%931897" title="World Chess Championship 1896–1897">1896–1897</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1907" title="World Chess Championship 1907">1907</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1908" title="World Chess Championship 1908">1908</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1910_(Lasker%E2%80%93Schlechter)" title="World Chess Championship 1910 (Lasker–Schlechter)">1910 (Jan–Feb)</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1910_(Lasker%E2%80%93Janowski)" title="World Chess Championship 1910 (Lasker–Janowski)">1910 (Nov–Dec)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Lasker" title="Emanuel Lasker">Lasker</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1921" title="World Chess Championship 1921">1921</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Capablanca" title="José Raúl Capablanca">Capablanca</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1927" title="World Chess Championship 1927">1927</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1929" title="World Chess Championship 1929">1929</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1934" title="World Chess Championship 1934">1934</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alexander_Alekhine" title="Alexander Alekhine">Alekhine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1935" title="World Chess Championship 1935">1935</a> (<a href="/wiki/Max_Euwe" title="Max Euwe">Euwe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1937" title="World Chess Championship 1937">1937</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alexander_Alekhine" title="Alexander Alekhine">Alekhine</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE">FIDE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1948" title="World Chess Championship 1948">1948</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1951" title="World Chess Championship 1951">1951</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1954" title="World Chess Championship 1954">1954</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Botvinnik" title="Mikhail Botvinnik">Botvinnik</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1957" title="World Chess Championship 1957">1957</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vasily_Smyslov" title="Vasily Smyslov">Smyslov</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1958" title="World Chess Championship 1958">1958</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Botvinnik" title="Mikhail Botvinnik">Botvinnik</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1960" title="World Chess Championship 1960">1960</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Tal" title="Mikhail Tal">Tal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1961" title="World Chess Championship 1961">1961</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Botvinnik" title="Mikhail Botvinnik">Botvinnik</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1963" title="World Chess Championship 1963">1963</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1966" title="World Chess Championship 1966">1966</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tigran_Petrosian" title="Tigran Petrosian">Petrosian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1969" title="World Chess Championship 1969">1969</a> (<a href="/wiki/Boris_Spassky" title="Boris Spassky">Spassky</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1972" title="World Chess Championship 1972">1972</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer">Fischer</a>)</li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1975" title="World Chess Championship 1975">1975</a></s>, <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1978" title="World Chess Championship 1978">1978</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1981" title="World Chess Championship 1981">1981</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Karpov" title="Anatoly Karpov">Karpov</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1984%E2%80%931985" title="World Chess Championship 1984–1985">1984–1985</a> (no result)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1985" title="World Chess Championship 1985">1985</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1986" title="World Chess Championship 1986">1986</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1987" title="World Chess Championship 1987">1987</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1990" title="World Chess Championship 1990">1990</a> (<a href="/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" title="Garry Kasparov">Kasparov</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Split title</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Professional_Chess_Association" title="Professional Chess Association">PCA/Classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1993" title="World Chess Championship 1993">1993</a>, <a href="/wiki/Classical_World_Chess_Championship_1995" title="Classical World Chess Championship 1995">1995</a> (<a href="/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" title="Garry Kasparov">Kasparov</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_World_Chess_Championship_2000" title="Classical World Chess Championship 2000">2000</a>, <a href="/wiki/Classical_World_Chess_Championship_2004" title="Classical World Chess Championship 2004">2004</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Kramnik" title="Vladimir Kramnik">Kramnik</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">FIDE</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1993" title="World Chess Championship 1993">1993</a>, <a href="/wiki/FIDE_World_Chess_Championship_1996" title="FIDE World Chess Championship 1996">1996</a>, <a href="/wiki/FIDE_World_Chess_Championship_1998" title="FIDE World Chess Championship 1998">1998</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Karpov" title="Anatoly Karpov">Karpov</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_World_Chess_Championship_1999" title="FIDE World Chess Championship 1999">1999</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alexander_Khalifman" title="Alexander Khalifman">Khalifman</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_World_Chess_Championship_2000" title="FIDE World Chess Championship 2000">2000</a> (<a href="/wiki/Viswanathan_Anand" title="Viswanathan Anand">Anand</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_World_Chess_Championship_2002" title="FIDE World Chess Championship 2002">2002</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Ponomariov" title="Ruslan Ponomariov">Ponomariov</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_World_Chess_Championship_2004" title="FIDE World Chess Championship 2004">2004</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rustam_Kasimdzhanov" title="Rustam Kasimdzhanov">Kasimdzhanov</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_World_Chess_Championship_2005" title="FIDE World Chess Championship 2005">2005</a> (<a href="/wiki/Veselin_Topalov" title="Veselin Topalov">Topalov</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">FIDE</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2006" title="World Chess Championship 2006">2006</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Kramnik" title="Vladimir Kramnik">Kramnik</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2007" title="World Chess Championship 2007">2007</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2008" title="World Chess Championship 2008">2008</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2010" title="World Chess Championship 2010">2010</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2012" title="World Chess Championship 2012">2012</a> (<a href="/wiki/Viswanathan_Anand" title="Viswanathan Anand">Anand</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2013" title="World Chess Championship 2013">2013</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2014" title="World Chess Championship 2014">2014</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2016" title="World Chess Championship 2016">2016</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2018" title="World Chess Championship 2018">2018</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2021" title="World Chess Championship 2021">2021</a> (<a href="/wiki/Magnus_Carlsen" title="Magnus Carlsen">Carlsen</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2023" title="World Chess Championship 2023">2023</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ding_Liren" title="Ding Liren">Ding</a>), <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2024" title="World Chess Championship 2024">2024</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_2026" title="World Chess Championship 2026">2026</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other world championships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chess_Olympiad" title="Chess Olympiad">Olympiad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Rapid_Chess_Championship" title="World Rapid Chess Championship">Rapid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Rapid_Chess_Championship_2019" title="World Rapid Chess Championship 2019">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Rapid_Chess_Championship_2021" title="World Rapid Chess Championship 2021">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Rapid_Chess_Championship_2022" title="World Rapid Chess Championship 2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Rapid_Chess_Championship_2023" title="World Rapid Chess Championship 2023">2023</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Blitz_Chess_Championship" title="World Blitz Chess Championship">Blitz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Blitz_Chess_Championship_2021" title="World Blitz Chess Championship 2021">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Blitz_Chess_Championship_2022" title="World Blitz Chess Championship 2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Blitz_Chess_Championship_2023" title="World Blitz Chess Championship 2023">2023</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Correspondence_Chess_Championship" title="World Correspondence Chess Championship">Correspondence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_World_Chess_Championship" title="Women's World Chess Championship">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Chess_Championship" title="World Junior Chess Championship">Junior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Chess_Championship" title="World Youth Chess Championship">Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Senior_Chess_Championship" title="World Senior Chess Championship">Senior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Computer_Chess_Championship" title="World Computer Chess Championship">Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess_Solving_Championship" title="World Chess Solving Championship">Solving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chess960_Championship" title="World Chess960 Championship">Chess960</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_World_Fischer_Random_Chess_Championship_2019" title="FIDE World Fischer Random Chess Championship 2019">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIDE_World_Fischer_Random_Chess_Championship_2022" title="FIDE World Fischer Random Chess Championship 2022">2022</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:World_Chess_Championships" title="Category:World Chess Championships">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Chess" title="Portal:Chess">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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Template:Multiref2"," 9.21% 172.957 38 Template:Sfn"," 8.36% 157.009 4 Template:Navbox"," 8.16% 153.133 13 Template:Cite_web"," 7.27% 136.540 1 Template:Chess"," 6.97% 130.924 22 Template:Cite_news"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.893","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7424105,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBareevLevitov2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBotvinnik1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFByrne1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFByrne2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCalvo1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCapablanca1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColodro2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrowther2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavidson1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDoggers2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDoggers2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEuweAlekhine1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGershonNor2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGolombek1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraham2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarding2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHorowitz1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKasparov2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKasparov2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKasparov2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKasparov2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKažić1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeene1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeene1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeeneGoodman1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKohlmeyer2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLawson2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevin2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLöwenthal1864\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMather2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcClain2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcClain2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcClainFleck2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoss2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurray1913\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPereira2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlisetskyVoronkov1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRis2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSergeant1934\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaunton1852\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSvensen2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTarrasch2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUhlmannTreppner1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVerhoevenSkinner1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWall2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinter\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinter1954\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinter1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinter1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinter2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinter2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinter2023a\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"2pd\"] = 126,\n [\"Abbr\"] = 7,\n [\"Bots\"] = 1,\n [\"Chess\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 29,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 22,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 13,\n [\"Csl\"] = 22,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Chess World Championships, List of\"] = 1,\n [\"Dashed rule\"] = 12,\n [\"Efn\"] = 9,\n [\"Efn-ua\"] = 3,\n [\"Featured list\"] = 1,\n [\"Flag\"] = 1,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 201,\n [\"Flagicon image\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 10,\n [\"Multiref2\"] = 7,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 4,\n [\"Notelist-ua\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 38,\n [\"Sfnm\"] = 4,\n [\"Sfnref\"] = 4,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sronly\"] = 6,\n [\"Use Oxford spelling\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"World Chess Championships\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-ddwrv","timestamp":"20241124160936","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"List of World Chess Championships","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_World_Chess_Championships","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1850959","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1850959","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-09-21T18:39:50Z","dateModified":"2024-11-19T06:52:09Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/fd\/Lasker_v._Steinitz%2C_Philadelphia_1894_-_DPLA_-_73af88bcf081f1869cb65ba48577e95a.jpg","headline":"Wikimedia list 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