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<span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ethnic groups in China and associated territories subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups_in_China_and_associated_territories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups_in_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups_in_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ethnic groups in China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups_in_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups_in_dynastic_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups_in_dynastic_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Ethnic groups in dynastic China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups_in_dynastic_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zhonghua_minzu_(the_"Chinese_nation")" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zhonghua_minzu_(the_"Chinese_nation")"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Zhonghua minzu (the "Chinese nation")</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zhonghua_minzu_(the_"Chinese_nation")-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups_in_Taiwan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups_in_Taiwan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ethnic groups in Taiwan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups_in_Taiwan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Recognition_by_the_Chinese_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recognition_by_the_Chinese_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Recognition by the Chinese government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recognition_by_the_Chinese_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nationality,_citizenship_and_residence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nationality,_citizenship_and_residence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Nationality, citizenship and residence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nationality,_citizenship_and_residence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overseas_Chinese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overseas_Chinese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Overseas Chinese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overseas_Chinese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chinese people</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seringas" title="Seringas – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Seringas" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="صينيون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صينيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87inlil%C9%99r" title="Çinlilər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çinlilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiong-kok-l%C3%A2ng" title="Tiong-kok-lâng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiong-kok-lâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ҡытайҙар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡытайҙар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intsik" title="Intsik – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Intsik" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%AD%C5%88an%C3%A9" title="Číňané – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Číňané" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesere" title="Kinesere – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kinesere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsii%CA%BCyiishbizh%C3%AD_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9" title="Tsiiʼyiishbizhí Dineʼé – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tsiiʼyiishbizhí Dineʼé" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_chino" title="Pueblo chino – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo chino" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88inoj" title="Ĉinoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉinoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txinatar" title="Txinatar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txinatar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="مردم چینی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مردم چینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinois_(nation)" title="Chinois (nation) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chinois (nation)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8" title="중국인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중국인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Չինացիներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չինացիներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80)" title="चीनी (चीन के निवासी) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चीनी (चीन के निवासी)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa" title="Tionghoa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tionghoa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%B0%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%BC" title="Китайаг адæм – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Китайаг адæм" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinesi" title="Cinesi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cinesi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="סינים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סינים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangsa_Cina" title="Bangsa Cina – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bangsa Cina" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кытайлар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кытайлар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABnie%C5%A1i" title="Ķīnieši – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ķīnieši" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinai" title="Kinai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kinai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa" title="Tionghoa – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Tionghoa" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="صينيين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="صينيين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Cina" title="Orang Cina – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orang Cina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urang_Cino" title="Urang Cino – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Urang Cino" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%B9%B3%CC%86ng-gu%C3%B3k-n%C3%A8%CC%A4ng" title="Dṳ̆ng-guók-nè̤ng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dṳ̆ng-guók-nè̤ng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8" title="တရုတ်လူမျိုး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တရုတ်လူမျိုး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinezen" title="Chinezen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chinezen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" title="中国人 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中国人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinesere" title="Kinesere – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kinesere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xitoylar" title="Xitoylar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xitoylar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9" title="چینی لوک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چینی لوک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93" title="ជនជាតិចិន – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ជនជាតិចិន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C5%84czycy" title="Chińczycy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chińczycy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chineses" title="Chineses – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chineses" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chunwa_runa_(sut%27ichana)" title="Chunwa runa (sut'ichana) – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chunwa runa (sut'ichana)" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Китайцы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Китайцы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzinesos" title="Tzinesos – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tzinesos" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheenese_fowk" title="Cheenese fowk – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cheenese fowk" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinez%C3%ABt" title="Kinezët – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kinezët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chinese people" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%AD%C5%88ania" title="Číňania – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Číňania" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Кинези – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кинези" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tionghoa" title="Tionghoa – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" 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title="ชาวจีน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวจีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87inliler" title="Çinliler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çinliler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%96" title="Китайці – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Китайці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85" title="چینی 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic groups</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the general concept of peoples relating to China. For the dominant Chinese ethnic group, see <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a>. For a list of ethnicities in modern China, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="List of ethnic groups in China">List of ethnic groups in China</a>. For a list of ethnicities in historical China, see <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Chinese_history" title="Ethnic groups in Chinese history">Ethnic groups in Chinese history</a>. For the concept of the multiethnic Chinese nation, see <a href="/wiki/Zhonghua_minzu" title="Zhonghua minzu">Zhonghua minzu</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Chinese_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Map_of_the_Chinese_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/300px-Map_of_the_Chinese_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Map_of_the_Chinese_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/450px-Map_of_the_Chinese_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Map_of_the_Chinese_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/600px-Map_of_the_Chinese_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="1135" /></a><figcaption>Countries with a significant population with Chinese ancestry.<br /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#000000; color:white;"> </span> Greater China (<a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland</a>, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#770000; color:white;"> </span> + 1,000,000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff0000; color:black;"> </span> + 100,000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff7070; color:black;"> </span> + 10,000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffc2c2; color:black;"> </span> + 1,000</div></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Chinese people</b>, or simply <b>Chinese</b>, are people or ethnic groups identified with <a href="/wiki/Greater_China" title="Greater China">China</a>, usually through ethnicity, nationality, citizenship, or other affiliation.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chinese people are known as <b>Zhongguoren</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">中国人</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">中國人</span>) or as <b>Huaren</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">华人</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">華人</span>) by speakers of <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">standard Chinese</a>, including those living in Greater China as well as overseas Chinese. Although both terms both refer to Chinese people, their usage depends on the person and context. The former term is commonly (but not exclusively) used to refer to the citizens of the People's Republic of China<b>—</b>especially mainland China.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pan_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pan-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chang_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chang-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <b>Huaren</b> is used to refer to ethnic Chinese, and is more often used for those who reside overseas or are non-citizens of China. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> are the largest <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a> in China, comprising approximately 92% of its <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland population</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ciastat_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciastat-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They comprise approximately 95% of the population of Taiwan,<sup id="cite_ref-中華民國國情簡介2016_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-中華民國國情簡介2016-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yearbook2014_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yearbook2014-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 92% in Hong Kong,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 89% in <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="Source says "Chinese" rather than "Han Chinese" for Hong Kong, Macau, and Singapore. (January 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> They are also the <a href="/wiki/List_of_contemporary_ethnic_groups" title="List of contemporary ethnic groups">world's largest ethnic group</a>, comprising approximately 18% of the <a href="/wiki/World_population" title="World population">global human population</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-zhang_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhang-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zhao_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhao-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Outside China, the terms "Han Chinese" and "Chinese" are often wrongly conflated since those identifying or registered as Han Chinese are the dominant ethnic group in China.<sup id="cite_ref-Chinese_people_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chinese_people-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are 55 officially-recognized <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_China" title="Ethnic minorities in China">ethnic minorities in China</a> who are also Chinese by nationality. </p><p>People from Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), may also be referred to as "Chinese" in various contexts, though they are usually referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_people" title="Taiwanese people">Taiwanese</a>". The territory of Taiwan is <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">disputed</a> and the ROC has <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Taiwan" title="Foreign relations of Taiwan">limited recognition of its sovereignty</a>. </p><p>The term "<a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">Overseas Chinese</a>" is used to refer to people of Chinese origin living overseas as well as Chinese citizens residing outside China, but more commonly the former. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ethnic_groups_in_China_and_associated_territories">Ethnic groups in China and associated territories</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_China" title="Ethnic minorities in China">Ethnic minorities in China</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="List of ethnic groups in China">List of ethnic groups in China</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Unrecognized_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Unrecognized ethnic groups in China">Unrecognized ethnic groups in China</a></div> <p>A number of ethnic groups as well as other racial minorities of China are referred to as Chinese people.<sup id="cite_ref-MWD_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MWD-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups_in_China">Ethnic groups in China</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:China_ethnolinguistic_1967.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/China_ethnolinguistic_1967.jpg/260px-China_ethnolinguistic_1967.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/China_ethnolinguistic_1967.jpg/390px-China_ethnolinguistic_1967.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/China_ethnolinguistic_1967.jpg/520px-China_ethnolinguistic_1967.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3031" data-file-height="2544" /></a><figcaption>Historical distribution map of linguistic groups in China</figcaption></figure> <p>Han Chinese people, the largest ethnic group in China, are often wrongly referred to as "Chinese" or "ethnic Chinese" in English.<sup id="cite_ref-Chinese_people_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chinese_people-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Han Chinese also form a majority or notable minority in other countries, and they comprise approximately 18% of the global human population.<sup id="cite_ref-zhang_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhang-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zhao_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zhao-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other ethnic groups in China include the <a href="/wiki/Zhuang_people" title="Zhuang people">Zhuang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Uyghur people">Uyghurs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao</a>, who make up the five largest ethnic minorities in mainland China, with populations of approximately 10 million or more. In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Yi_people" title="Yi people">Yi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tujia_people" title="Tujia people">Tujia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mongols_in_China" title="Mongols in China">Mongols</a> each have populations between five and ten million. </p><p>China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), recognizes 56 native Chinese ethnic groups. There are also several <a href="/wiki/Unrecognized_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Unrecognized ethnic groups in China">unrecognized ethnic groups in China</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ethnic_groups_in_dynastic_China">Ethnic groups in dynastic China</h4></div> <p>The term "Chinese people" (Chinese: <span lang="zh-Hant">中國之人</span>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'People of China' <span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn-pinyin">Zhōngguó zhī rén</i></span>; Manchu: <i>Dulimbai gurun i niyalma</i>) was used by the Qing government to refer to all traditionally native subjects of the empire, including Han, Manchu, and Mongols.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Zhonghua_minzu_(the_"Chinese_nation")"><span id="Zhonghua_minzu_.28the_.22Chinese_nation.22.29"></span>Zhonghua minzu (the "Chinese nation")</h4></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Zhonghua_minzu" title="Zhonghua minzu">Zhonghua minzu</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">中华民族</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">中華民族</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Zhōnghuá Mínzú</span></i>), the "Chinese nation", is a <a href="/wiki/Supra-ethnic" class="mw-redirect" title="Supra-ethnic">supra-ethnic</a> concept which includes all 56 ethnic groups living in China that are officially recognized by the government of the People's Republic of China. It includes established ethnic groups who have lived within the borders of premodern China.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <i>zhonghua minzu</i> was used during the Republic of China from 1911 to 1949 to refer to <a href="/wiki/Five_Races_Under_One_Union" title="Five Races Under One Union">five primary ethnic groups</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in China.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <i>zhongguo renmin</i> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">中国人民</span>), "Chinese people", was the government's preferred term during the early communist era; <i>zhonghua minzu</i> is more common in recent decades.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups_in_Taiwan">Ethnic groups in Taiwan</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Chinese_people" title="Special:EditPage/Chinese people">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taiwan_aborigine_amis_dance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Taiwan_aborigine_amis_dance.jpg/220px-Taiwan_aborigine_amis_dance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Taiwan_aborigine_amis_dance.jpg/330px-Taiwan_aborigine_amis_dance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Taiwan_aborigine_amis_dance.jpg/440px-Taiwan_aborigine_amis_dance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Amis_people" title="Amis people">Amis people</a> are an indigenous Taiwanese ethnic group.</figcaption></figure> <p>Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), recognizes 17 native Taiwanese ethnic groups as well as numerous other "New Immigrant" ethnic groups (mostly originating from mainland China and Southeast Asia). Of the 17 native Taiwanese ethnic groups, 16 are considered to be <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">indigenous</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Taiwanese indigenous peoples</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas one is considered to be non-native (<a href="/wiki/Han_Taiwanese" title="Han Taiwanese">Han Taiwanese</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also several unrecognized indigenous ethnic groups in Taiwan. </p><p>The Han Taiwanese, who are Han Chinese people living in Taiwan, are usually categorized by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Government of the Republic of China">Taiwanese government</a> into three main ethnic groups; the <a href="/wiki/Hoklo_Taiwanese" title="Hoklo Taiwanese">Taiwanese Hoklos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hakka_people#Taiwan" title="Hakka people">Taiwanese Hakkas</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Waishengren" title="Waishengren">waishengren</a></i> (i.e. "<a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese" title="Mainland Chinese">Mainland Chinese</a> people in Taiwan"). The <a href="/wiki/Kinmenese_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinmenese people">Kinmenese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matsu_Islands" title="Matsu Islands">Matsunese</a> peoples are two other significant Han Taiwanese ethnic groups. </p><p>The Taiwanese Hoklos and Hakkas are both considered to be "native" populations of Taiwan since they first began migrating to Taiwan in significant numbers from <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> over 400 years ago (they first began migrating to Taiwan in minor numbers several centuries earlier). They are often collectively referred to in <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Mandarin" title="Taiwanese Mandarin">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> as "Benshengren" (meaning "people from <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province" title="Taiwan Province">this province</a>"). Those self-identifying as Hoklo culturally comprise approximately 70% of Taiwan's total population and the Hakkas comprise approximately 14% of Taiwan's total population. </p><p>Meanwhile, the so-called Mainlanders (Taiwanese) are mostly descended from people who migrated from mainland China to Taiwan during the 1940s and 1950s. They are often referred to in Taiwanese Mandarin as "Waishengren" (meaning "people from outside of this province"). The Mainlanders (Taiwanese) comprise approximately 14% of Taiwan's total population. </p><p>Collectively, the various Taiwanese indigenous peoples comprise approximately 2% of Taiwan's total population. The various Taiwanese indigenous peoples are believed to have been living in Taiwan for up to 6000 years prior to the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Taiwan" title="History of Taiwan">colonization of Taiwan</a> by China which began during the 17th century (<a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Recognition_by_the_Chinese_government">Recognition by the Chinese government</h4></div> <p>The Han Taiwanese, Native Taiwanese (Benshengren), Hoklo Taiwanese, Hakka Taiwanese, Mainlander Taiwanese (Waishengren), Kinmenese, and Matsunese ethnic groups (all subtypes or branches of the Han Chinese ethnic group) are all unrecognized by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_China" title="Government of China">Chinese government</a>. Furthermore, the sixteen Taiwanese indigenous peoples that are officially recognized by the Taiwanese government are also all unrecognized by the Chinese government. The Chinese government also doesn't recognize the ethnic designation "New Immigrant". </p><p>The Chinese government instead has its own ethnic designations for Taiwanese people. Han Taiwanese people are considered to be Han Chinese people (no distinction is made), whereas the various recognized and unrecognized (by Taiwan) Taiwanese indigenous peoples are collectively recognized (by China) to be "<a href="/wiki/Gaoshanren" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaoshanren">Gaoshanren</a>" (i.e. "High Mountain People"). The Gaoshanren are one of the <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups of China">56 officially-recognized ethnic groups of China</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nationality,_citizenship_and_residence"><span id="Nationality.2C_citizenship_and_residence"></span>Nationality, citizenship and residence</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:People_of_Tibet46.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/People_of_Tibet46.jpg/220px-People_of_Tibet46.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/People_of_Tibet46.jpg/330px-People_of_Tibet46.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/People_of_Tibet46.jpg/440px-People_of_Tibet46.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2447" data-file-height="1815" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tibetans" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetans">Tibetans</a> in Qinghai</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HuiChineseMuslim3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/HuiChineseMuslim3.jpg/220px-HuiChineseMuslim3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/HuiChineseMuslim3.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="268" data-file-height="215" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui people</a> in Xinjiang</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Nationality_law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationality law of the People's Republic of China">Nationality law of the People's Republic of China</a> regulates nationality within the PRC. A person obtains nationality either by birth when at least one parent is of Chinese nationality or by <a href="/wiki/Naturalization" title="Naturalization">naturalization</a>. All people holding nationality of the People's Republic of China are citizens of the Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Resident_Identity_Card" title="Resident Identity Card">Resident Identity Card</a> is the official form of identification for residents of the People's Republic of China. </p><p>Within the People's Republic of China, a <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region_passport" title="Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passport">Hong Kong Special Administrative Region passport</a> or <a href="/wiki/Macao_Special_Administrative_Region_passport" title="Macao Special Administrative Region passport">Macao Special Administrative Region passport</a> may be issued to permanent residents of Hong Kong or Macao, respectively. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Nationality_law_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationality law of the Republic of China">Nationality law of the Republic of China</a> regulates nationality within the Republic of China (Taiwan). A person obtains nationality either by birth or by naturalization. A person with at least one parent who is a national of the Republic of China, or born in the ROC to stateless parents qualifies for nationality by birth.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Identification_Card_(Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Identification Card (Republic of China)">National Identification Card</a> is an identity document issued to people who have <a href="/wiki/Hukou_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Hukou system">household registration</a> in Taiwan. The <a href="/wiki/Resident_Certificate" class="mw-redirect" title="Resident Certificate">Resident Certificate</a> is an identification card issued to residents of the Republic of China who do not hold a National Identification Card. </p><p>The relationship between ROC nationality and PRC nationality is disputed.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overseas_Chinese">Overseas Chinese</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">Overseas Chinese</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melbourne_China_Town.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Melbourne_China_Town.jpg/220px-Melbourne_China_Town.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Melbourne_China_Town.jpg/330px-Melbourne_China_Town.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Melbourne_China_Town.jpg/440px-Melbourne_China_Town.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1712" data-file-height="2288" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Melbourne" title="Chinatown, Melbourne">Chinatown, Melbourne</a> is the longest continuous Chinese settlement in the <a href="/wiki/Western_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Western World">Western World</a> and the oldest Chinatown in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Overseas Chinese refers to people of Chinese ethnicity or national heritage who live outside the People's Republic of China or Taiwan as the result of the continuing <a href="/wiki/Chinese_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese diaspora">diaspora</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People with one or more Chinese ancestors may consider themselves overseas Chinese.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such people vary widely in terms of <a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">cultural assimilation</a>. In some areas throughout the world <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_enclave" title="Ethnic enclave">ethnic enclaves</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Chinatown" title="Chinatown">Chinatowns</a> are home to populations of overseas Chinese. </p><p>In Southeast Asia, people of Chinese descent call themselves <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">華人</span></span> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn-pinyin">Huárén</i></span>) instead of (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">中國人</span></span> <span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn-pinyin">Zhōngguórén</i></span>) which commonly refers to the citizens of the People's Republic of China or the Republic of China.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is especially so in the Chinese communities of Southeast Asia. The term <i>Zhongguoren</i> has a more political or ideological aspect in its use; while many in China may use <i>Zhongguoren</i> to mean the Chinese ethnicity, some in Taiwan would refuse to be called <i>Zhongguoren</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-chang_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chang-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <dl><dt>For countries with significant populations</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Malaysians" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Malaysians">Chinese Malaysians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Singaporean" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Singaporean">Chinese Singaporean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Thai" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Thai">Chinese Thailanders</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>For countries with noteworthy populations</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Australian">Chinese Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Chinese_in_Brunei" title="Ethnic Chinese in Brunei">Chinese Bruneian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Canadian">Chinese Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Filipino" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Filipino">Chinese Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Zealander" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese New Zealander">Chinese New Zealander</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other countries with Chinese populations</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese American">Chinese American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Argentine">Chinese Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Brazilian">Chinese Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Chinese" title="British Chinese">British Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Burmese" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Burmese">Chinese Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Cambodian" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Cambodian">Chinese Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Caribbean">Chinese Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Cuban" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Cuban">Chinese Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Chinese_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Ethnic Chinese in the Dominican Republic">Chinese Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Guyanese" title="Chinese Guyanese">Chinese Guyanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Indonesian" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Indonesian">Chinese Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Italy" title="Chinese people in Italy">Chinese Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Jamaican" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Jamaican">Chinese Jamaican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Korea" title="Chinese people in Korea">Chinese Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Laotian" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Laotian">Chinese Laotian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Mexican" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Mexican">Chinese Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Peruvian" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Peruvian">Chinese Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_immigration_to_Puerto_Rico" title="Chinese immigration to Puerto Rico">Chinese Puerto Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Chinese_in_Russia" title="Ethnic Chinese in Russia">Chinese Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Surinamese" title="Chinese Surinamese">Chinese Surinamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Trinidadian and Tobagonian">Chinese Trinidadian and Tobagonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Venezuelan" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Venezuelan">Chinese Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Vietnamese_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Chinese Vietnamese (disambiguation)">Chinese Vietnamese</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Related topics of interest</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ancestral_veneration" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese ancestral veneration">Chinese ancestral veneration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationality_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Chinese nationality (disambiguation)">Chinese nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_China" title="Ethnic minorities in China">Ethnic minorities in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Chinese_history" title="Ethnic groups in Chinese history">Ethnic groups in Chinese history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unrecognized_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Unrecognized ethnic groups in China">Unrecognized ethnic groups in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese people in New York City">Chinese people in New York City</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHarding1993" class="citation journal cs1">Harding, Harry (1993). "The Concept of "greater China": Themes, Variations and Reservations". <i>The China Quarterly</i>. <b>136</b> (136): 660–86. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS030574100003229X">10.1017/S030574100003229X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/655587">655587</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154522700">154522700</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+China+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Concept+of+%22greater+China%22%3A+Themes%2C+Variations+and+Reservations&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=136&rft.pages=660-86&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154522700%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F655587%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS030574100003229X&rft.aulast=Harding&rft.aufirst=Harry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.zdic.net/hans/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA">https://www.zdic.net/hans/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220327152957/https://www.zdic.net/hans/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA">Archived</a> 27 March 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 生息、繁衍,居住在中国的本地人或者海外有中国血统的侨胞 Local people who live, reproduce, reside in China, or Chinese nationals of Chinese descent living overseas.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://cwn.ling.sinica.edu.tw/_process.asp?inputword=%A4%A4%B0%EA%A4H&radiobutton=1">https://cwn.ling.sinica.edu.tw/_process.asp?inputword=%A4%A4%B0%EA%A4H&radiobutton=1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221001085940/https://cwn.ling.sinica.edu.tw/_process.asp?inputword=%A4%A4%B0%EA%A4H&radiobutton=1">Archived</a> 1 October 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 普通名詞。中華民族的族人或中國大陸的人民。 noun, ethnic groups of Zhonghua Minzu, or people of China</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pan-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pan_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPan1999" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Pan" title="Lynn Pan">Pan, Lynn</a>, ed. (April 1999). "Huaqiao". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090317060519/http://www.hup.harvard.edu/features/reference/panenc/huaqiao.html"><i>The Encyclopedia of the Chinese Overseas</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0674252101" title="Special:BookSources/0674252101"><bdi>0674252101</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/98035466">98035466</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hup.harvard.edu/features/reference/panenc/huaqiao.html">the original</a> on 17 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Huaqiao&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Chinese+Overseas&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1999-04&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F98035466&rft.isbn=0674252101&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Ffeatures%2Freference%2Fpanenc%2Fhuaqiao.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chang-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chang_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chang_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHui-Ching_ChangRichard_Holt2014" class="citation book cs1">Hui-Ching Chang; Richard Holt (20 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vouLBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA162"><i>Language, Politics and Identity in Taiwan: Naming China</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 162–64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-04635-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-04635-4"><bdi>978-1-135-04635-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230930190823/https://books.google.com/books?id=vouLBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA162#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language%2C+Politics+and+Identity+in+Taiwan%3A+Naming+China&rft.pages=162-64&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014-11-20&rft.isbn=978-1-135-04635-4&rft.au=Hui-Ching+Chang&rft.au=Richard+Holt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvouLBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ciastat-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ciastat_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china/">CIA Factbook</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210213122152/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china/">Archived</a> 13 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: "Han Chinese 91.6%" out of a reported population of 1,379 billion (July 2017 est.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-中華民國國情簡介2016-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-中華民國國情簡介2016_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170218124716/http://www.ey.gov.tw/state/News_Content3.aspx?n=7C222A52A60660EC&s=FFD5D521BBC119F8"><bdi lang="zh">中華民國國情簡介</bdi></a> [ROC Vital Information]. <i>Executive Yuan</i> (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ey.gov.tw/state/News_Content3.aspx?n=7C222A52A60660EC&s=FFD5D521BBC119F8">the original</a> on 18 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2016</span>. <q><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-TW">臺灣住民以漢人為最大族群，約占總人口97%</span></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Executive+Yuan&rft.atitle=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%83%85%E7%B0%A1%E4%BB%8B&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ey.gov.tw%2Fstate%2FNews_Content3.aspx%3Fn%3D7C222A52A60660EC%26s%3DFFD5D521BBC119F8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yearbook2014-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Yearbook2014_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFExecutive_Yuan,_R.O.C.2014" class="citation book cs1">Executive Yuan, R.O.C. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ey.gov.tw/Upload/UserFiles/YB%202014%20all%20100dpi.pdf"><i>The Republic of China Yearbook 2014</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-986-04-2302-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-986-04-2302-0"><bdi>978-986-04-2302-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170820161048/http://www.ey.gov.tw/Upload/UserFiles/YB%202014%20all%20100dpi.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 20 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Republic+of+China+Yearbook+2014&rft.pages=36&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-986-04-2302-0&rft.au=Executive+Yuan%2C+R.O.C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ey.gov.tw%2FUpload%2FUserFiles%2FYB%25202014%2520all%2520100dpi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bycensus2016.gov.hk/en/bc-mt.html">2016 Population By-census – Summary Results</a> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Census_and_Statistics_Department_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Census and Statistics Department (Hong Kong)">Census and Statistics Department</a>. February 2016. p. 37. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171120115053/http://www.bycensus2016.gov.hk/en/bc-mt.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=2016+Population+By-census+%E2%80%93+Summary+Results&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Census+and+Statistics+Department&rft.date=2016-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bycensus2016.gov.hk%2Fen%2Fbc-mt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPopulation_By-Census2016" class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dsec.gov.mo/getAttachment/e20c6bab-ada4-4f83-9349-e72605674a42/E_ICEN_PUB_2016_Y.aspx">2016 Population By-Census Detailed Results</a> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Statistics_and_Census_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistics and Census Service">Statistics and Census Service</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=2016+Population+By-Census+Detailed+Results&rft.pub=Statistics+and+Census+Service&rft.date=2017-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dsec.gov.mo%2FgetAttachment%2Fe20c6bab-ada4-4f83-9349-e72605674a42%2FE_ICEN_PUB_2016_Y.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPopulation_By-Census2016">Population By-Census 2016</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zhang-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zhang_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zhang_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhangSuZhangJin2007" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang, Feng; 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Huayuqiao.org. Retrieved on 26 April 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"Han". <i>Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary</i> (Tenth ed.). 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Lexington Books (published 17 March 2017). p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1498544634" title="Special:BookSources/978-1498544634"><bdi>978-1498544634</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Learning+to+Be+Tibetan%3A+The+Construction+of+Ethnic+Identity+at+Minzu&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1498544634&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=Miaoyan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhao2006" class="citation journal cs1">Zhao, Gang (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140325231543/https://webspace.utexas.edu/hl4958/perspectives/Zhao%20-%20reinventing%20china.pdf">"Reinventing China: Imperial Qing ideology and the rise of Modern Chinese national identity in the early twentieth century"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Modern China</i>. <b>32</b> (3). Sage: 3–30. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0097700405282349">10.1177/0097700405282349</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144587815">144587815</a>. Archived from the original on 25 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+China&rft.atitle=Reinventing+China%3A+Imperial+Qing+ideology+and+the+rise+of+Modern+Chinese+national+identity+in+the+early+twentieth+century&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=3-30&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0097700405282349&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144587815%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=Gang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebspace.utexas.edu%2Fhl4958%2Fperspectives%2FZhao%2520-%2520reinventing%2520china.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+people" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170701041329/http://www.chinatraveldepot.com/C247-Chinese-nationality">"Brief Introduction Chinese nationality"</a>. <i>Chinatraveldepot.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinatraveldepot.com/C247-Chinese-nationality">the original</a> on 1 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chinatraveldepot.com&rft.atitle=Brief+Introduction+Chinese+nationality&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinatraveldepot.com%2FC247-Chinese-nationality&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillward2007" class="citation book cs1">Millward, James A. (2007). <i>Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang</i>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-13924-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-13924-3"><bdi>978-0-231-13924-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eurasian+Crossroads%3A+A+History+of+Xinjiang&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-231-13924-3&rft.aulast=Millward&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenner2004" class="citation book cs1">Jenner, W.J.F. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JWc9Ia7TcaMC&pg=PA252">"Race and history in China"</a>. In Alan Lawrance (ed.). <i>China Since 1919: Revolution and Reform: a Sourcebook</i>. Psychology Press. pp. 252–255. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-25141-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-25141-9"><bdi>978-0-415-25141-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117124208/https://books.google.com/books?id=JWc9Ia7TcaMC&pg=PA252">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Race+and+history+in+China&rft.btitle=China+Since+1919%3A+Revolution+and+Reform%3A+a+Sourcebook&rft.pages=252-255&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-415-25141-9&rft.aulast=Jenner&rft.aufirst=W.J.F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJWc9Ia7TcaMC%26pg%3DPA252&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCopper2014" class="citation book cs1">Copper, John F. (2014). <i>Historical Dictionary of Taiwan (Republic of China)</i>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-4307-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-4307-1"><bdi>978-1-4422-4307-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Taiwan+%28Republic+of+China%29&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-4307-1&rft.aulast=Copper&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taiwan.gov.tw/about.php">"About Taiwan"</a>. <i>Taiwan (official website)</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211117020655/https://www.taiwan.gov.tw/about.php">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Taiwan+%28official+website%29&rft.atitle=About+Taiwan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taiwan.gov.tw%2Fabout.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/constitution/constitution.html">"Constitution of the People's Republic of China (Article 33)"</a>. <i>People's Daily Online</i>. 2 May 1982. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100812000000/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/constitution/constitution.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=People%27s+Daily+Online&rft.atitle=Constitution+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China+%28Article+33%29&rft.date=1982-05-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.peopledaily.com.cn%2Fconstitution%2Fconstitution.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=D0030001">"Nationality Act"</a>. <i>Laws & Regulations Database of the Republic of China</i>. 27 January 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160121163554/http://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=D0030001">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Laws+%26+Regulations+Database+of+the+Republic+of+China&rft.atitle=Nationality+Act&rft.date=2006-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaw.moj.gov.tw%2FEng%2FLawClass%2FLawAll.aspx%3FPCode%3DD0030001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927192912/http://www.immigration.gov.tw/immig_eng/aspcode/showactsregu.asp?id=3">"Nationality Act"</a>. <i>National Immigration Agency, immigration.gov.tw</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.immigration.gov.tw/immig_eng/aspcode/showactsregu.asp?id=3">the original</a> on 27 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Immigration+Agency%2C+immigration.gov.tw&rft.atitle=Nationality+Act&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.immigration.gov.tw%2Fimmig_eng%2Faspcode%2Fshowactsregu.asp%3Fid%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chinatownmelbourne.com.au/">"Chinatown Melbourne"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140125022815/http://chinatownmelbourne.com.au/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chinatown+Melbourne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchinatownmelbourne.com.au%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/ABOUTMELBOURNE/HISTORY/Pages/multiculturalhistory.aspxt">"Melbourne's multicultural history"</a>. <a href="/wiki/City_of_Melbourne" title="City of Melbourne">City of Melbourne</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230930190838/https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/about-melbourne/melbourne-heritage/Pages/melbourne-heritage.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Melbourne%27s+multicultural+history&rft.pub=City+of+Melbourne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.melbourne.vic.gov.au%2FABOUTMELBOURNE%2FHISTORY%2FPages%2Fmulticulturalhistory.aspxt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://matadornetwork.com/trips/worlds-8-most-colorful-chinatowns/">"World's 8 most colourful Chinatowns"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140131130906/http://matadornetwork.com/trips/worlds-8-most-colorful-chinatowns/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World%27s+8+most+colourful+Chinatowns&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmatadornetwork.com%2Ftrips%2Fworlds-8-most-colorful-chinatowns%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.melbournefoodandwine.com.au/read-watch/latest-news/news/the-essential-guide-to-chinatown-920">"The essential guide to Chinatown"</a>. <i>Melbourne Food and Wine Festival</i>. Food + Drink Victoria. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220214234525/https://www.melbournefoodandwine.com.au/read-watch/latest-news/news/the-essential-guide-to-chinatown-920">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Melbourne+Food+and+Wine+Festival&rft.atitle=The+essential+guide+to+Chinatown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.melbournefoodandwine.com.au%2Fread-watch%2Flatest-news%2Fnews%2Fthe-essential-guide-to-chinatown-920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarabantseva2010" class="citation book cs1">Barabantseva, Elena (2010). <i>Overseas Chinese, Ethnic Minorities and Nationalism: De-Centering China</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-92736-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-92736-2"><bdi>978-1-136-92736-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Overseas+Chinese%2C+Ethnic+Minorities+and+Nationalism%3A+De-Centering+China&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-136-92736-2&rft.aulast=Barabantseva&rft.aufirst=Elena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPark2008" class="citation book cs1">Park, Yoon Jung (2008). <i>A Matter of Honour: Being Chinese in South Africa</i>. Lexington Books. p. 155. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-3553-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-3553-2"><bdi>978-0-7391-3553-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Matter+of+Honour%3A+Being+Chinese+in+South+Africa&rft.pages=155&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7391-3553-2&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Yoon+Jung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChinese+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeeson2008" class="citation book cs1">Beeson, Mark (2008). <i>Contemporary Southeast Asia</i>. 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class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20010223232236/http://www.c-c-c.org/chineseculture/minority/minority.html">Chinese Ethnic Minorities</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131123193905/http://www.ocac.gov.tw/english/public/public.asp?selno=1163&no=1163&level=B"><i>The Ranking of Ethnic Chinese Population</i></a>, Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission, Republic of China, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ocac.gov.tw/english/public/public.asp?selno=1163&no=1163&level=B">the original</a> on 23 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2008</span></cite><span 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